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Leenutaphong N, Phantumvanit P, Young AM, Panpisut P. Evaluation of setting kinetics, mechanical strength, ion release, and cytotoxicity of high-strength glass ionomer cement contained elastomeric micelles. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:713. [PMID: 38902666 PMCID: PMC11191184 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04468-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low mechanical properties are the main limitation of glass ionomer cements (GICs). The incorporation of elastomeric micelles is expected to enhance the strength of GICs without detrimentally affecting their physical properties and biocompatibility. This study compared the chemical and mechanical properties, as well as the cytotoxicity, of elastomeric micelles-containing glass ionomer cement (DeltaFil, DT) with commonly used materials, including EQUIA Forte Fil (EF), Fuji IX GP Extra (F9), and Ketac Molar (KT). METHOD Powder particles of GICs were examined with SEM-EDX. Setting kinetics were assessed using ATR-FTIR. Biaxial flexural strength/modulus and Vickers surface microhardness were measured after immersion in water for 24 h and 4 weeks. The release of F, Al, Sr, and P in water over 8 weeks was analyzed using a fluoride-specific electrode and ICP-OES. The toxicity of the material extract on mouse fibroblasts was also evaluated. RESULTS High fluoride levels in the powder were detected with EF and F9. DT demonstrated an initial delay followed by a faster acid reaction compared to other cements, suggesting an improved snap set. DT also exhibited superior flexural strength than other materials at both 24 h and 4 weeks but lower surface microhardness (p < 0.05). EF and F9 showed higher release of F, Al, and P than DT and KT. There was no statistically significant difference in fibroblast viability among the tested materials (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Elastomeric micelles-containing glass ionomer cement (DT) exhibited satisfactory mechanical properties and cytocompatibility compared with other materials. DT could, therefore, potentially be considered an alternative high-strength GIC for load-bearing restorations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anne M Young
- Division of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, Royal Free Hospital, Rowland Hill Street, London, NW3 2PF, UK
| | - Piyaphong Panpisut
- Faculty of Dentistry, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand.
- Thammasat University Research Unit in Dental and Bone Substitute Biomaterials, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand.
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Thadathil Varghese J, Raju R, Farrar P, Prentice L, Prusty BG. Comparative analysis of self-cure and dual cure-dental composites on their physico-mechanical behaviour. Aust Dent J 2024; 69:124-138. [PMID: 38131257 DOI: 10.1111/adj.13004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical practitioners may have become familiar with the rapid transformation of dental composites. However, they may not scientifically understand the factors influencing the mechanical and physical properties. Scientific knowledge of filler-resin interaction can significantly improve clinical understanding of resin composites. Several independent studies have examined the mechanical and physico-mechanical properties of dental resin composites; however, no comprehensive study has examined the influence of fillers and resin materials on the physico-mechanical properties of both self-cure and dual-cure composites. METHODS This study performed investigations on the physico-mechanical behaviour of four commercially available dual-cure dental composites (Bioactive, Fill Up!, Surefil One, Cention N) and two commercially available self-cure dental composites (Stela Capsule and Stela Automix). Test specimens for flexural and compressive strength, microhardness, fracture toughness, and hydrolytic behaviour were prepared and tested as per respective standards. The data sets were statistically analysed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey's post-hoc comparison. RESULTS There was a substantial variation in flexural strength and modulus values in this study, ranging from 32.0 to 113.4 MPa and 2.36 to 12.07 GPa, respectively. Similarly, there were significant differences in compressive strength between the materials in this study, ranging from 119.3 to 223.5 MPa. The highest fracture toughness value was found to be 1.41 MPa.m0.5, while the lowest value was 0.43 MPa.m0.5. Variations in surface microhardness were significant (24.11-68.0 N/mm2), which correlated with the filler content. Water sorption and solubility demonstrated high variations among materials, with Surefil One exceeding ISO 4049 thresholds significantly. CONCLUSIONS A linear correlation can be established between surface microhardness (HV) and flexural and compressive moduli, as well as filler content (wt.%). However, both flexural and compressive strengths are impacted by the resin's constituent monomers and the resin-filler matrix's cross-linking capability. Additionally, factors such as filler size, shape, and the cross-linking ability of the resin-filler matrix play a crucial role in fracture toughness and the propagation of cracks within the restoration. Also, resin monomers and filler particle size affect the hydrolytic degradation characteristics of composites, which can also affect their mechanical properties. © 2023 Australian Dental Association.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Thadathil Varghese
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - R Raju
- ARC Centre for Automated Manufacture of Advanced Composites, School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - P Farrar
- SDI Limited, Bayswater, Victoria, Australia
| | - L Prentice
- SDI Limited, Bayswater, Victoria, Australia
| | - B G Prusty
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- ARC Centre for Automated Manufacture of Advanced Composites, School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Australian Composites Manufacturing CRC Ltd. (ACM CRC), University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Alshabib A, Jurado CA, Azpiazu-Flores FX, Aldosary K, Tsujimoto A, Algamaiah H. Mechanical properties and degree of conversion of resin-based core build-up materials and short fiber-reinforced flowable resin-based composite. Dent Mater J 2024; 43:453-459. [PMID: 38692907 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2023-207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
To evaluate the degree of conversion (DC), surface hardness (SH), and flexural strength (FS) of resin-based core build-up materials. Core build-up materials used were: MultiCore Flow (MCF); Activa (ACT); Core-X Flow (CXF); and everX flow (EVX), and DC, SH and FS were measured. An increase of DC was identified for all materials post-cure, except for EVX. The DC change percentage ranged from 5%-33%, and EVX was displayed the greatest DC rate. All materials displayed an SH increase after 30 days and the greatest increase was observed in ACT. At 1 h, the SH of EVX and CXF was different from the other materials. At 30 days, MCF displayed the greatest SH. All materials displayed an increase in their FS after 30 days except for EVX, and ranging 3%-36% were noticed. Differences observed between materials, thus clinician should be acquainted mechanical properties of these materials to ensure the success of the restorations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carlos A Jurado
- Division of Operative Dentistry, Department of General Dentistry, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center College of Dentistry
| | - Francisco X Azpiazu-Flores
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dr. Gerald Niznick College of Dentistry, University of Manitoba
- Center for Implant, Esthetic, and Innovative Dentistry, Department of Prosthodontics, Indiana University School of Dentistry
| | - Khalid Aldosary
- Dental Department, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, King Saud University
| | - Akimasa Tsujimoto
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University School of Dentistry
- Department of Operative Dentistry, University of Iowa College of Dentistry
- Department of General Dentistry, Creighton University School of Dentistry
| | - Hamad Algamaiah
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, King Saudi University College of Dentistry
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Zhang K, Zhang S, Shi Y, Zhang L, Fu B. Effects of disinfectants on physical properties of denture base resins: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Prosthet Dent 2024; 131:841-858. [PMID: 35465961 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2022.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM The disinfection of removable dental prostheses and orthodontic appliances is essential to preventing transmission of pathogens. However, whether different disinfection solutions and durations affect the physical properties of denture base resins is unclear. PURPOSE The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to statistically analyze the influence of disinfectants on the physical properties of denture base resins. MATERIAL AND METHODS A systematic search in Medline, Embase, PubMed, and Cochrane Library databases was conducted to evaluate the effects of chemical disinfection on the physical properties of denture base resins such as surface morphology, roughness, hardness, and flexural strength. Of 1909 studies, 44 studies were included in the systematic review and 41 in the meta-analysis. Heterogeneity was analyzed by using I2 statistics. The influence of different disinfection solutions and durations on the physical properties was further analyzed, and the risk of bias evaluated. Statistical analyses were performed by using the RevMan 5.4 software program with the standardized mean differences (SMDs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS Of the 44 included studies, 40 studies were assessed as having a low risk of bias, and 4 had an unclear risk of bias. Meta-analysis results showed that compared with the control, disinfection could not significantly affect surface roughness and hardness within 60 minutes of immersion in disinfectant solutions or flexural strength within 30 minutes (roughness: P=.79, I2=0%; flexural strength: P=.08, I2=0%; hardness: P=.05, I2=19%). In addition, the physical properties were not significantly affected when glutaraldehyde, chlorhexidine, and peracetic acid were repeatedly used for more than 30 minutes. CONCLUSIONS Most of the disinfectants did not reduce the physical properties of denture base resin within 30 minutes of immersion. Glutaraldehyde, chlorhexidine, and peracetic acid are recommended if longer immersion or repeated disinfection is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhang
- Postgraduate student, Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Dental Biomaterials and Devices for Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Sisi Zhang
- Postgraduate student, Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Dental Biomaterials and Devices for Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Ying Shi
- Resident, Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Dental Biomaterials and Devices for Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Associate Professor, Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Dental Biomaterials and Devices for Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Baiping Fu
- Professor, Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Dental Biomaterials and Devices for Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China.
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Fidan M, Yağci Ö. Effect of aging and fiber-reinforcement on color stability, translucency, and microhardness of single-shade resin composites versus multi-shade resin composite. J ESTHET RESTOR DENT 2024; 36:632-642. [PMID: 37622399 DOI: 10.1111/jerd.13125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of aging and fiber-reinforcement on the color stability, translucency, and microhardness of single-shade resin composites versus multi-shade resin composite. MATERIALS AND METHODS Four resin composites (Filtek Z250, Omnichroma, Vittra APS Unique, Zenchroma) were tested. Three subgroups of specimens were prepared for each of the composites: control, polyethylene fiber-reinforcement, and glass fiber-reinforcement- groups (n = 10/per group). The samples were subjected to aging for 10,000 thermal cycles. Color differences (ΔE00 ) were calculated after aging. Relative translucency parameter (RTP00 ) and microhardness values were calculated before and after aging. A two-way analysis of variance and the generalized linear model was used (p < 0.05). RESULTS The lowest and highest ΔE00 values were found for Filtek Z250 (0.6 ± 0.2) and Omnichroma resin composites (1.6 ± 0.4), respectively. The ΔE00 value of the polyethylene fiber-reinforcement group (1.2 ± 0.6) was significantly higher than the ΔE00 value of the glass fiber-reinforcement group (1.0 ± 0.4, p < 0.001). The RTP00 value of the glass fiber-reinforcement group (1.92 ± 0.78) was significantly higher than the RTP00 value of the polyethylene fiber-reinforcement group (1.72 ± 0.77, p < 0.001). The highest microhardness values were found in glass fiber-reinforcement group (76.48 ± 17.07, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Single-shade resin composites were more translucent, had higher color change, and lower hardness than multi-shade resin composite. For relative translucency and microhardness, statistical significance was found in the material and fiber type interaction. The glass fiber-reinforcement provided higher translucency, lower color change and higher microhardness values than polyethylene fiber-reinforcement group after aging. Thermocycling had a significant impact on the color stability, translucency parameter, and microhardness of the tested resin composite materials. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Single-shade resin composite materials have greater color-changing potential. The glass fiber-reinforcement optimize resin material mechanical properties and color stability more than polyethylene fiber-reinforcement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammet Fidan
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Usak University, Usak, Turkey
| | - Özhan Yağci
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Usak University, Usak, Turkey
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Alshabib A, Silikas N, Watts DC. Properties of model E-glass fiber composites with varying matrix monomer ratios. Dent Mater 2024; 40:441-450. [PMID: 38129191 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2023.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate properties of fiber-reinforced-composites (FRC) containing Bis-EMA/UDMA monomers but identical dispersed phase (60% wt BaSi glass power +10% wt E-glass fibre). METHODS A control (Group A), monomer mixture comprising 60% Bis-GMA, 30% TEGDMA, and 10% PMMA (typical FRC monomers) was used. The following monomer mass fractions were mixed: 50% bis-GMA plus 50% of different ratios of Bis-EMA+UDMA to produce consistent formulations (Groups B-E) of workable viscosities was also studied. Flexural strength (FS), fracture toughness (KIC), water sorption (SP), solubility (SL) and hygroscopic expansion (HE) were measured. FS and KIC specimens were stored for 1, 7 d, and 30 d in water at 37 °C. SP/SL specimens were water-immersed for 168d, weighed at intervals, then dried for 84 d at 37 °C. To analyze differences in FS, and KIC, a two-way ANOVA and Tukey post-hoc tests (α = 0.05) were conducted. For SP/SL, and HE, one-way ANOVA with subsequent Tukey post-hoc tests (α = 0.05) were utilized. RESULTS FS and KIC for groups A, D, E decreased progressively after 1 d. Groups B and C (highest amounts of Bis-EMA) did not decrease significantly. The modified matrix composites performed significantly better than the control group for SP and HE. The control group outperformed the experimental composites only for SL with up to 250% higher SL for group E (6.9 μg/mm) but still below the maximum permissible threshold of 7.5 μg/mm. SIGNIFICANCE EXPERIMENTAL: composites with highest amounts of Bis-EMA showed improved hydrolytic stability and overall enhancement in several clinically-relevant properties. This makes them potential candidates for alternative matrices to a semi-interpenetrating network in fiber-reinforced composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulrahman Alshabib
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Nikolaos Silikas
- Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - David C Watts
- Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
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Taka N, Aoyagi Y, Miida K, Kanatani M, Ogawa H. Effect of Silicon Carbide Fiber Length on the Flexural Strength and Flexural Modulus of Short Silicon Carbide Fiber-Reinforced Resin. J Funct Biomater 2024; 15:30. [PMID: 38391883 PMCID: PMC10889474 DOI: 10.3390/jfb15020030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Silicon carbide fibers have superior flexural properties and chemical stability compared to glass fibers. We investigated the flexural strength and modulus of an experimental, short silicon carbide fiber-reinforced resin. Short silicon carbide fibers with lengths of ~0.5, 1, 2, and 3 mm were prepared and silanized. Urethane dimethacrylate and triethylene glycol dimethacrylate were mixed at a 70:30 wt% ratio and used as the matrix resins. Each length of short silicon carbide fibers and the matrix resin were combined using a mixing machine and then used for specimen preparation. The three-point bending test conditions were in accordance with ISO 4049:2009. The fracture surfaces of the specimens after the three-point bending test were observed using secondary electron images. The data were statistically analyzed with a one-way analysis of variance and Tukey's HSD test (α = 0.05). The flexural strength and modulus of the specimens containing 2 mm or 3 mm silicon carbide fibers were significantly higher than the other specimens. The river pattern was observed more clearly in specimens containing shorter silicon carbide fibers, although this pattern was observed in all specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norimasa Taka
- Division of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, 2-5274 Gakkocho-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8514, Japan
| | - Yujin Aoyagi
- Division of Bio-Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, 2-5274 Gakkocho-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8514, Japan
| | - Keito Miida
- Division of Bio-Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, 2-5274 Gakkocho-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8514, Japan
| | - Mitsugu Kanatani
- Division of Biomimetics, Faculty of Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, 2-5274 Gakkocho-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8514, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ogawa
- Division of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, 2-5274 Gakkocho-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8514, Japan
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Alzahrani B, Alshabib A, Awliya W. The Depth of Cure, Sorption and Solubility of Dual-Cured Bulk-Fill Restorative Materials. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:6673. [PMID: 37895655 PMCID: PMC10608248 DOI: 10.3390/ma16206673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to examine depth of cure (DoC), mass change, water sorption and solubility of dual-cured bulk-fill restorative materials (Surfil One and Activa) in comparison with a light-cured bulk-fill composite (Filtek One Bulk-Fill) and a resin-modified glass ionomer (Fuji II LC). Twenty specimens were prepared of each material using stainless steel molds designed with a slot (8 × 4 × 2 mm) and irradiated for either 20 or 40 s. The Vickers hardness (VHN) was measured at every 0.5 mm to assess the DoC after 24 h of storage at 37 °C. The depth of cure was reported as the depth corresponding to 80% of the maximum Vickers hardness. Disc-shaped specimens were prepared of each material (n = 5) to investigate mass change, sorption and solubility after 4 months of water storage. The data were analyzed using a two-way and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by the Tukey post hoc test (p ≤ 0.05). Fuji II LC had the greatest DoC while Activa had the lowest. The two different irradiation times did not demonstrate a significant difference in DoC for all dual-cured materials (p > 0.05). Fuji II LC had the highest sorption while Filtek One showed the lowest. Surefil One and Fuji II LC had a negative solubility. This study concluded that dual-cured materials showed different depth of cure values despite having the same setting reaction. Both materials exhibited a high water sorption, which might jeopardize their dimensional stability and effect their clinical performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bashayer Alzahrani
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Saud University P.O. Box 60169, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Abdulrahman Alshabib
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Saud University P.O. Box 60169, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia;
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Cardoso RLB, da Silva Rodrigues J, Ramos RPB, de Castro Correa A, Leão Filha EM, Monteiro SN, da Silva ACR, Fujiyama RT, Candido VS. Use of Yarn and Carded Jute as Epoxy Matrix Reinforcement for the Production of Composite Materials for Application in the Wind Sector: A Preliminary Analysis for the Manufacture of Blades for Low-Intensity Winds. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3682. [PMID: 37765536 PMCID: PMC10537900 DOI: 10.3390/polym15183682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of wind turbines for regions with low wind speeds imposes a challenge to the expansion of the corresponding energy generation capacity. The present work consists of an evaluation of the potential carded jute fiber and jute yarn to be used in the construction of a wind blade for regions of low wind intensity. The fibers used were supplied by Company Textile of Castanhal (Castanhal-Para-Brazil) and used in the study without chemical treatment in the form of single-filament fibers and yarns with a surface twist of 18.5°. The composites were produced through the resin infusion technique and underwent tensile and shear tests using 120-Ohm strain gauges and a blade extensometer to obtain the Young's modulus. In the analysis of the results, the ANOVA test was applied with a 0.05 significance level, followed by Tukey's test. The results showed that long, aligned jute fibers can be a good option for laminated structures applied in composites for small wind turbine blades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robson Luis Baleeiro Cardoso
- Engineering of Natural Resources of the Amazon Program, Federal University of Para—UFPA, Belem 66075-110, Brazil; (R.L.B.C.); (R.T.F.)
| | - Jean da Silva Rodrigues
- Materials Engineering Program, Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Para—IFPA, Belem 66645-240, Brazil; (J.d.S.R.); (R.P.B.R.); (A.d.C.C.); (E.M.L.F.)
| | - Roberto Paulo Barbosa Ramos
- Materials Engineering Program, Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Para—IFPA, Belem 66645-240, Brazil; (J.d.S.R.); (R.P.B.R.); (A.d.C.C.); (E.M.L.F.)
| | - Alessandro de Castro Correa
- Materials Engineering Program, Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Para—IFPA, Belem 66645-240, Brazil; (J.d.S.R.); (R.P.B.R.); (A.d.C.C.); (E.M.L.F.)
| | - Elza Monteiro Leão Filha
- Materials Engineering Program, Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Para—IFPA, Belem 66645-240, Brazil; (J.d.S.R.); (R.P.B.R.); (A.d.C.C.); (E.M.L.F.)
| | - Sergio Neves Monteiro
- Materials Science Program, Military Engineering Institute—IME, Rio de Janeiro 22290-270, Brazil;
| | - Alisson Clay Rios da Silva
- Material Science and Engineering Program, Federal University of Para—UFPA, Ananindeua 67000-000, Brazil;
| | - Roberto Tetsuo Fujiyama
- Engineering of Natural Resources of the Amazon Program, Federal University of Para—UFPA, Belem 66075-110, Brazil; (R.L.B.C.); (R.T.F.)
| | - Verônica Scarpini Candido
- Engineering of Natural Resources of the Amazon Program, Federal University of Para—UFPA, Belem 66075-110, Brazil; (R.L.B.C.); (R.T.F.)
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Aram A, Hong H, Song C, Bass M, Platt JA, Chutinan S. Physical Properties and Clinical Performance of Short Fiber Reinforced Resin-based Composite in Posterior Dentition: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Oper Dent 2023; 48:E119-E136. [PMID: 37655625 DOI: 10.2341/22-003-lit] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study compares the physical properties and clinical performance of short fiber reinforced composites (SFRC) to those of particulate-filled resin-based composites (PFRC) for class I and II direct restorations in permanent dentition. METHODS Systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted using PubMed, Embase (Elsevier), and Dentistry and Oral Sciences Source (EBSCO) databases. The outcomes evaluated were physical properties including flexural strength, flexural modulus, elastic modulus, microhardness, shrinkage, fracture toughness, degree of conversion, and depth of cure. Clinical performance was evaluated with a systematic review. RESULTS The meta-analyses favored SFRC for flexural strength and fracture toughness compared to every PFRC subgroup, with a high quality of evidence. For all other properties, the meta-analyses favored SFRC to overall PFRC, with some non-significant differences with certain PFRC subgroups. The most recent clinical trial showed SFRC performed similarly to PFRC, however older studies suggest inferior surface texture and discoloration of SFRC compared to PFRC. CONCLUSION This study can aid dental professionals in clinical decision making, supporting that SFRC offers improved physical properties, especially fracture resistance and flexural strength, compared to PFRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Aram
- Ariana Aram, DMD, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - H Hong
- Houlin Hong, MPH, Department of Community Health and Social Sciences, CUNY School of Public Health and Health Policy, New York, NY, USA
| | - C Song
- Crystal Song, BS, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - M Bass
- Michelle Bass, PhD, MSI, AHIP, Pennsylvania Hospital Library, Pennsylvania Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - J A Platt
- Jeffrey A Platt, DDS, MS, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Comprehensive Care, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - S Chutinan
- *Supattriya Chutinan, DDS, MSD, Department of Restorative Dentistry and Biomaterials Science, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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Özduman ZC, Oglakci B, Halacoglu Bagis DM, Aydogan Temel B, Eliguzeloglu Dalkilic E. Comparison of a Nanofiber-Reinforced Composite with Different Types of Composite Resins. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3628. [PMID: 37688254 PMCID: PMC10490203 DOI: 10.3390/polym15173628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was a comprehensive evaluation and comparison of the physical and mechanical properties of a newly developed nano-sized hydroxyapatite fiber-reinforced composite with other fiber-reinforced and particle-filled composites. Commercially available eight composite resins (3 fiber-reinforced and 5 particle-filled) were used: Fiber-reinforced composites: (1) NovaPro Fill (Nanova): newly developed nano-sized hydroxyapatite fiber-reinforced composite (nHAFC-NF); (2) Alert (Pentron): micrometer-scale glass fiber-reinforced composite (µmGFC-AL); (3) Ever X Posterior (GC Corp): millimeter-scale glass fiber-reinforced composite (mmGFC-EX); Particle-filled composites: (4) SDR Plus (Dentsply) low-viscosity bulk-fill (LVBF-SDR); (5) Estelite Bulk Fill (Tokuyama Corp.) low-viscosity bulk-fill (LVBF-EBF); (6) Filtek Bulk Fill Flow (3M ESPE) low-viscosity bulk-fill (LVBF-FBFF); (7) Filtek Bulk Fill (3M ESPE) high-viscosity bulk-fill (HVBF-FBF); and (8) Filtek Z250 (3M ESPE): microhybrid composite (µH-FZ). For Vickers microhardness, cylindrical-shaped specimens (diameter: 4 mm, height: 2 mm) were fabricated (n = 10). For the three-point bending test, bar-shaped (2 × 2 × 25 mm) specimens were fabricated (n = 10). Flexural strength and modulus elasticity were calculated. AcuVol, a video image device, was used for volumetric polymerization shrinkage (VPS) evaluations (n = 6). The polymerization degree of conversion (DC) was measured on the top and bottom surfaces with Fourier Transform Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR; n = 5). The data were statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA, Tukey HSD, Welsch ANOVA, and Games-Howell tests (p < 0.05). Pearson coefficient correlation was used to determine the linear correlation. Group µH-FZ displayed the highest microhardness, flexural strength, and modulus elasticity, while Group HVBF-FBF exhibited significantly lower VPS than other composites. When comparing the fiber-reinforced composites, Group mmGFC-EX showed significantly higher microhardness, flexural strength, modulus elasticity, and lower VPS than Group nHAFC-NF but similar DC. A strong correlation was determined between microhardness, VPS and inorganic filler by wt% and vol% (r = 0.572-0.877). Fiber type and length could affect the physical and mechanical properties of fibers containing composite resins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zümrüt Ceren Özduman
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Bezmialem Vakif University, 34093 Istanbul, Turkey or (Z.C.Ö.)
| | - Burcu Oglakci
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Bezmialem Vakif University, 34093 Istanbul, Turkey or (Z.C.Ö.)
| | | | - Binnur Aydogan Temel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bezmialem Vakif University, 34093 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Evrim Eliguzeloglu Dalkilic
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Bezmialem Vakif University, 34093 Istanbul, Turkey or (Z.C.Ö.)
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Alshabib A, Silikas N, Algamaiah H, Alayad AS, Alawaji R, Almogbel S, Aldosari A, Alhotan A. Effect of Fibres on Physico-Mechanical Properties of Bulk-Fill Resin Composites. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3452. [PMID: 37631507 PMCID: PMC10457899 DOI: 10.3390/polym15163452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To measure the flexural strength (FS) of bulk-fill resin composites and assess their long-term water absorption and solubility properties with and without the inclusion of short glass fibres. METHODS One resin composite, everX Flow with fibres, and four commercially available bulk-fill composites without fibres, namely, PALFIQUE, Activa, SDR Plus, and Filtek Bulk Fill One, were tested. Six specimens (2 × 2 × 25 mm) were fabricated for each material and stored in water for 1 day and 30 days to measure the flexural strength using a three-point bending test. To evaluate water absorption and solubility, circular disks measuring 15 × 2 mm (n = 5) were immersed in water for 60 days, and their weights were recorded periodically. After 60 days, the specimens were dried for an additional 21 days to determine solubility. RESULTS Flexural strength values ranged from 101.7 to 149.1 MPa. Significant distinctions were observed among the resin composites at the onset of the study (p < 0.05). The highest FS value was identified in everX Flow, while ACT exhibited the lowest (p < 0.05). However, the flexural strength values exhibited a significant decrease with increased storage time (p < 0.05), except for ACT, which demonstrated a noteworthy increase. Concerning water absorption and solubility, ACT displayed the highest absorption, while the range of solubility varied from -0.88 to 5.8 μg/mm3. ACT also had the highest solubility, whereas everX Flow exhibited negative solubility. SIGNIFICANCE The addition of short fibres, along with potential differences in matrix composition, enhanced the flexural strength of everX Flow. However, the substantial reduction in flexural strength observed in everX Flow and SDR following exposure to water corroborates the manufacturers' recommendation to apply a conventional resin composite cap on these materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulrahman Alshabib
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, P.O. Box 60169, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nick Silikas
- Division of Dentistry, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Hamad Algamaiah
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, P.O. Box 60169, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah S. Alayad
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, P.O. Box 60169, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rahaf Alawaji
- Dental Interns, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, P.O. Box 60169, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia (A.A.)
| | - Shaikha Almogbel
- Dental Interns, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, P.O. Box 60169, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia (A.A.)
| | - Ahad Aldosari
- Dental Interns, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, P.O. Box 60169, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia (A.A.)
| | - Abdulaziz Alhotan
- Department of Dental Health, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 10219, Riyadh 12372, Saudi Arabia
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Shou Y, Deng L, Huang X, Peng X, Zhou X, Wang Z, Huang Y, Yang B, Wang H, Zhang M, Cheng L. Effects of Bio-Aging on Mechanical Properties and Microbial Behavior of Different Resin Composites. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1125. [PMID: 37509161 PMCID: PMC10377581 DOI: 10.3390/biom13071125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Under challenging oral environments, the overall performance of resin composites is affected by bio-aging. This study investigated the effects of saliva biofilm-induced bio-aging on the mechanical properties and microbial behavior of composites with different filler types. Microhybrid, nanohybrid, nano-filled and nano-filled flowable composites were bio-aged with saliva biofilm for 30 days. Surface morphology, roughness, mechanical and aesthetic properties were determined. A 48 h saliva biofilm model was used to evaluate the microbial behavior of different composites in vitro. Biofilm metabolic activity, lactic acid production and live/dead bacterial staining were tested. Six volunteers were selected to wear intra-oral appliances with composite slabs for 24 h and biofilms were collected and analyzed using 16S rRNA sequencing to assess the biofilm formation over those materials in situ. Although there were increasing trends, surface roughness, water resorption and material solubility had no significant changes for all groups after bio-aging (p > 0.05). There were no significant changes in elastic modulus for all groups after aging (p > 0.05). However, a decrease in flexural strength in all groups was observed (p < 0.05), except for the nanoflow composite group (p > 0.05). The Vickers hardness remained stable in all groups after aging (p > 0.05), except for the nano-filled group (p < 0.05). The nanoflow composite showed distinct color changes compared to the micro-hybrid group after aging (p < 0.05). Biofilm metabolic activity and lactic acid production in vitro increased slightly after bio-aging in all groups, but with no statistical significance (p > 0.05). The Shannon index diversity of biofilms in situ decreased after aging (p < 0.05), while no significant difference was shown in species composition at the genus level in all groups (p > 0.05). Resin composites with different sized fillers displayed a relatively stable mechanical performance and uncompromised microbial behavior both in vitro and in situ after 30 days of bio-aging. Based on the results, composites with different filler types can be selected flexibly according to clinical needs. However, a longer time for bio-aging is still needed to confirm the mechanical properties and microbial behaviors of composites in the long run.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuke Shou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Lanzhi Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiaoyu Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xinyu Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xinxuan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yannan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Bina Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Haohao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Min Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Lei Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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Velo MMDAC, Nascimento TRDL, Obeid AT, Brondino NCM, Mondelli RFL. Evaluation of contact angle and mechanical properties of resin monomers filled with graphene oxide nanofibers. Braz Dent J 2023; 34:127-134. [PMID: 37909635 PMCID: PMC10642268 DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440202305299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
This in vitro study synthesized hybrid nanofibers embedded in graphene oxide (GO) and incorporated them into experimental resin composite monomers to evaluate their physical-mechanical properties. Inorganic-organic hybrid nanofibers were produced with precursor solutions of 1% wt. GO-filled Poly (d,l-lactide, PLA) fibers and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) characterized the morphology and chemical composition of the spun fibers. Resin composite monomers were developed and a total of 5% nanofibers were incorporated into the experimental materials. Three groups were developed: G1 (control resin monomers), G2 (resin monomers/PLA nanofibers), and G3 (resin monomers/inorganic-organic hybrid nanofibers). Contact angle (n=3), flexural strength (n=22), elastic modulus (n=22), and Knoop hardness (n=6) were evaluated. The mean of the three indentations was obtained for each sample. The normality of data was assessed by QQ Plot with simulated envelopes and analyzed by Welch's method (p<0.05). Overall, SEM images showed the regular shape of nanofibers but were non-aligned. Compositional analysis from EDS (n=6) revealed the presence of carbon and oxygen (present in GO composition) and Si from the functionalization process. The results of contact angle (°) and hardness (Kg/mm2) for each group were as follow, respectively: G1 (59.65±2.90; 37.48±1.86a), G2 (67.99±3.93; 50.56±1.03b) and G3 (62.52±7.40; 67.83±1.01c). The group G3 showed the highest Knoop hardness values (67.83 kg/mm2), and the flexural strength of all groups was adversely affected. The experimental resin composite composed of hybrid nanofibers with GO presented increased hardness values and hydrophilic behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilia Mattar de Amoêdo Campos Velo
- Department of Chemistry, Research and Extension Center for Fuels and Materials Laboratory (NPELACOM), Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | | | - Alyssa Teixeira Obeid
- Department of Chemistry, Research and Extension Center for Fuels and Materials Laboratory (NPELACOM), Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | | | - Rafael Francisco Lia Mondelli
- Department of Chemistry, Research and Extension Center for Fuels and Materials Laboratory (NPELACOM), Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
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15
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Oh R, Lim JH, Lee CG, Lee KW, Kim SY, Kim JE. Effects of washing solution temperature on the biocompatibility and mechanical properties of 3D-Printed dental resin material. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2023; 143:105906. [PMID: 37178635 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2023.105906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The use of digital manufacturing, particularly additive manufacturing using three-dimensional (3D) printing, is expanding in the field of dentistry. 3D-printed resin appliances must undergo an essential process, post-washing, to remove residual monomers; however, the effect of the washing solution temperature on the biocompatibility and mechanical properties remains unclear. Therefore, we processed 3D-printed resin samples under different post-washing temperatures (without temperature control (N/T), 30 °C, 40 °C, and 50 °C) for different durations (5, 10, 15, 30, and 60 min) and evaluated the degree of conversion rate, cell viability, flexural strength, and Vickers hardness. Increasing the washing solution temperature significantly improved the degree of conversion rate and cell viability. Conversely, increasing the solution temperature and time decreased the flexural strength and microhardness. This study confirmed that the washing temperature and time influence the mechanical and biological properties of the 3D-printed resin. Washing 3D-printed resin at 30 °C for 30 min was most efficient to maintain optimal biocompatibility and minimize changes of mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rojee Oh
- Dental Hospital, Veterans Health Service Medical Center, Seoul, 05368, Republic of Korea; Department of Prosthodontics, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hwa Lim
- Department of Prosthodontics, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan-Gyu Lee
- Department of Prosthodontics, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea; Oral Science Research Center, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Keun-Woo Lee
- Dental Hospital, Veterans Health Service Medical Center, Seoul, 05368, Republic of Korea; Department of Prosthodontics, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Yong Kim
- Dental Hospital, Veterans Health Service Medical Center, Seoul, 05368, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jong-Eun Kim
- Department of Prosthodontics, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
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16
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Alzahrani B, Alshabib A, Awliya W. Surface hardness and flexural strength of dual-cured bulk-fill restorative materials after solvent storage. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:306. [PMID: 37208664 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03047-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to evaluate the surface hardness (VHN) and biaxial flexural strength (BFS) of dual-cured bulk-fill restorative materials after solvent storage. METHODS Two dual-cured bulk-fill composites (Surefil One® and Activa™ Bioactive), a light-cured bulk-fill composite (Filtek One Bulk-Fill) and a resin-modified glass ionomer (Fuji II LC) were investigated. Surefil One and Activa were used in the dual-cure mode, all materials were handled according to manufacturer's instructions. For VHN determination, 12 specimens were prepared from each material and measured after 1 h (baseline), 1 d, 7 d and 30 d of storage in either water or 75% ethanol-water. For BFS test, 120 specimens were prepared (n = 30/material) and stored in water for either 1, 7 or 30 d before testing. Repeated measures MANOVA, two-way and one-way ANOVA followed by the Tukey post hoc test (p ≤ 0.05) were used to analyze the data. RESULTS Filtek One had the highest VHN, while Activa had the lowest. All materials exhibited a significant increase in VHN after 1d of storage in water, except for Surefil One. After 30 d of storage, VHN increased significantly in water except for Activa, while ethanol storage caused a significant time-dependent reduction in all tested materials (p ≤ 0.05). Filtek One showed the highest BFS values (p ≤ 0.05). All the materials, except for Fuji II LC, exhibited no significant differences between 1 and 30 d BFS measurements (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Dual-cured materials had significantly lower VHN and BFS compared to the light-cured bulk-fill material. The low results of Activa VHN and Surefil One BFS, indicate that these materials should not be recommended in posterior stress-bearing areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bashayer Alzahrani
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Abdulrahman Alshabib
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wedad Awliya
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Yu F, Liu B, Lyu C, Wang X, Song Z, Ma X, Fu L, Rao N. Evaluating the effect of preheating on resin composites in pit-and-fissure caries treatments with a digital intraoral scanner. Dent Mater 2023:S0109-5641(23)00068-4. [PMID: 37088588 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2023.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of preheating on the microleakage and surface hardness of resin composites in the treatment of pit-and-fissure caries with various widths, as measured by an intraoral scanner. METHODS A total of 153 L-shaped cavities with different widths (1 mm, 1.6 mm and 2 mm) were prepared on the buccal or palatal/lingual surfaces of human molars. The cavities were measured in three dimensions by a TRIOS scanner and then filled with various resins (room temperature Z350 flowable resin and room temperature and 60 ℃ Z350 universal resin). Microleakage and gap formation at 2 sites were evaluated by stereomicroscopy and scanning electron microscope. Resin samples were prepared, and the top surface Vickers hardness (VHNtop) of all samples was measured at 1 day and 30 days postirradiation. RESULTS No difference were observed in the 3D scans for the cavities sizes among groups with the same width. For the 1 mm-wide cavity, the lowest microleakage was obtained with the flowable group; for the 1.6 mm-wide cavity, the nonpreheating universal group showed the highest microleakage at site 1, and the preheating group exhibited lower microleakage than that of the nonpreheating universal group at site 2; and for the 2 mm-wide cavity, the preheating group presented lower microleakage at site 2. The gap formations were consistent with the microleakage degrees. The preheating group exhibited the highest VHNtop at 1 day and 30 days postirradiation. SIGNIFICANCE A digital intraoral scanner could be used to scan the cavities in three dimensions. Preheating technology could reduce the microleakage of Z350 universal resin and enhance its surface hardness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yu
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Kunming Medical University, 1088 Haiyuan Middle Road, Gaoxin District, Kunming 650106, China.
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Kunming Medical University, 1088 Haiyuan Middle Road, Gaoxin District, Kunming 650106, China.
| | - Changhai Lyu
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Kunming Medical University, 1088 Haiyuan Middle Road, Gaoxin District, Kunming 650106, China.
| | - Xiaotong Wang
- Department of Oral Emergency Department, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun Avenue South, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Zijun Song
- Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Kunming Medical University, 1088 Haiyuan Middle Road, Gaoxin District, Kunming 650106, China.
| | - Xueting Ma
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Kunming Medical University, 1088 Haiyuan Middle Road, Gaoxin District, Kunming 650106, China.
| | - Lilin Fu
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Kunming Medical University, 1088 Haiyuan Middle Road, Gaoxin District, Kunming 650106, China.
| | - Nanquan Rao
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Kunming Medical University, 1088 Haiyuan Middle Road, Gaoxin District, Kunming 650106, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, Kunming Medical University, 1168 Chunrong West Road, Chenggong District, Kunming 650500, China.
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18
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Fuchs F, Schmidtke J, Hahnel S, Koenig A. The influence of different storage media on Vickers hardness and surface roughness of CAD/CAM resin composites. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2023; 34:13. [PMID: 36934208 PMCID: PMC10024666 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-023-06713-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study examined Vickers hardness as well as surface characteristics of different computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) resin composites prior to and after storage in various media. MATERIALS AND METHODS CAD/CAM resin composite blocks (Grandio Blocs (GB), Lava Ultimate (LU), Brilliant Crios (BC), Cerasmart (GC), Shofu Block HC (SB), Tetric CAD (TC), Luxacam Composite (LC); incl. different translucency variants) were prepared, polished and surface free energy was determined. The specimens were divided into four groups: dry conditions for 24 h (25 °C), demineralized water (37 °C), Pepsi Cola (37 °C) and 75% ethanol (37 °C). After seven and 28 days of storage, Vickers hardness was determined. Surface roughness was measured after the entire storage period. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Vickers hardness was in the range of about 150 HV for GB, around 115 HV for LU, and 80-100 HV for BC, GC, SB, TC and LC. Only minor differences (total: 50.2 (6.4)-56.2 (3.2) mN/m) in surface free energy could be detected. No relationship was observed between surface free energy and filler content. However, a correlation between filler content and Vickers hardness was evident. Artificial aging caused a decrease of Vickers hardness (up to -40 HV or 35%) depending on storage media, duration and material. The changes in surface texture after immersion in different media were below a value of ΔSa = 0.015 µm. CONCLUSION Artificial aging of CAD/CAM resin composites leads to a significant decrease of Vickers hardness for most materials, while only small changes in surface roughness were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Fuchs
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Dental Material Science, Leipzig University, Liebigstraße 12, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Julius Schmidtke
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Dental Material Science, Leipzig University, Liebigstraße 12, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sebastian Hahnel
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, UKR University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Koenig
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Dental Material Science, Leipzig University, Liebigstraße 12, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
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Khan AA, Zafar MS, Fareed MA, AlMufareh NA, Alshehri F, AlSunbul H, Lassila L, Garoushi S, Vallittu PK. Fiber-reinforced composites in dentistry - An insight into adhesion aspects of the material and the restored tooth construct. Dent Mater 2023; 39:141-151. [PMID: 36604257 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2022.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This review aimed to highlight the insight into adhesion aspects within the components of the glass FRC (i.e., fiber and matrix) and between resin luting material and the glass FRC construction. METHODS The fundamentals of semi-interpenetrating polymer network (semi-IPN) based FRCs and their advantages in forming a solid adhesive interface with indirect FRC restoration, dental adhesive, and luting cement are elaborated. The important resin matrix systems and glass fibers used in FRCs are discussed. This is principally based on a survey of the literature over Medline/PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases and a review of the relevant studies and publications in scientific papers in international peer-reviewed journals for the specific topic of biomaterials science. The keywords used for the search approach were: adhesion, fiber-reinforced composite, glass fiber, and semi-interpenetrating polymer network. RESULTS The polymer matrix systems of semi-IPN-based FRCs and formation of secondary-IPN layer are pivotal for bonding of multiphasic indirect dental constructs and repair. Additionally, describing areas of indication for FRCs in dentistry, explaining the adhesion aspects of FRC for the cohesion of the material itself, and for obtaining durable adhesion when the FRC construct is luted to tooth and remaining dentition. Current progress in the field of FRC research and future directions are summarized and presented. SIGNIFICANCE By understanding the isotropic-anisotropic nature of fibers and the interfacial adhesion within the components of the FRC; between resin cement and the FRC construction, the clinically successful FRC-based multiphasic indirect tooth construct can be achieved. The interfacial adhesion within the components of the FRC and between resin luting material and the FRC construction play a key role in adhesion-based unibody dental restorations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aftab Ahmed Khan
- Dental Biomaterials Research Chair, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Muhammad Sohail Zafar
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Al Madinah, Al Munawwarah, Medina, Saudi Arabia; Department of Dental Materials, Islamic International Dental College, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Amber Fareed
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nawaf Abdulrahman AlMufareh
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Special Health Care Needs, Ministry of Health, Abha Specialist Dental Center, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faisal Alshehri
- Department of Restorative Sciences, School of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanan AlSunbul
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lippo Lassila
- Department of Biomaterials Science and Turku Clinical Biomaterials Center -TCBC, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Sufyan Garoushi
- Department of Biomaterials Science and Turku Clinical Biomaterials Center -TCBC, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Pekka Kalevi Vallittu
- Department of Biomaterials Science and Turku Clinical Biomaterials Center -TCBC, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; City of Turku Welfare Division, Oral Health Care, Turku, Finland
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Yang J, Silikas N, Watts DC. Polymerization and shrinkage kinetics and fracture toughness of bulk-fill resin-composites. Dent Mater 2022; 38:1934-1941. [PMID: 38709119 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2022.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine degree of conversion (DC), maximum polymerization rate (RPmax), polymerization shrinkage (PS), maximum shrinkage rate (PS Rmax) and fracture toughness (KIC) of different types of bulk-fill (BF) composites plus the effect of viscosity reduction techniques. METHODS BF specimens were created in 2 mm deep molds: SonicFill 3 (SF3), Viscalor (VC), One Bulk Fill (OBF) and Beautifil Bulk (BBR). SF3 was applied via sonic insertion using a SonicFill handpiece (Kerr Corp. USA). Viscalor was pre-heated in a Caps Warmer in T3 mode (at 68 °C) for 30 s (T3-30 s) and 3 min (T3-3 min), respectively. Specimens were irradiated at zero distance from the upper surface with an Elipar S10 LED unit (3 M ESPE, USA) of mean irradiance 1200 mW/cm2 for 40 s. Real-time polymerization kinetics and DC at 5 min and 24 h post-irradiation (DC5 min and DC24 h) were measured using ATR-FTIR (n = 3). PS was measured up to 1 h on 1 mm thick discs via the bonded-disk technique (n = 3) and PS Rmax obtained by numerical differentiation (n = 3). For fracture toughness, single-edge-notched specimens (32 × 6 ×3 mm) of each BF composite were prepared and measured by three-point bending after 7 d water storage (n = 5). Data were analysed using One-way ANOVA, independent T-tests and Tukey post-hoc tests (p < 0.05). RESULTS SF3 showed the significantly highest DC5 min, DC24 h and RPmax (p < 0.05), followed by OBF (p < 0.05). Regardless of pre-heating, VC showed comparable conversion kinetics to BBR (p > 0.05). There was no significant difference in PS of these BF composites, except OBF had the highest PS (p > 0.05). However, PS Rmax significantly varied among materials (p = 0.047) and SF3 had the highest PS Rmax. Regarding fracture toughness, BBR had the lowest KIC (p < 0.05), whereas other composites showed similar KIC (p > 0.05). Strong correlations of filler content (wt%)-PS/KIC were found. Different pre-heating times had no significant influences on DC %, RPmax, PS, PS Rmax and KIC of VC (p > 0.05). SIGNIFICANCE Different types of bulk-fill composites showed comparable shrinkage. A highly filled BF giomer composite (BBR) had the lowest fracture toughness, whereas others had similar KIC. Pre-heating had no adverse effects on Viscalor properties. Sonication and pre-heating are beneficial techniques to enhance composite flowability without either increasing shrinkage or reducing fracture toughness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Yang
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Nick Silikas
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - David C Watts
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Photon Science Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
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Bompolaki D, Lubisich EB, Fugolin AP. Resin-Based Composites for Direct and Indirect Restorations: Clinical Applications, Recent Advances, and Future Trends. Dent Clin North Am 2022; 66:517-536. [PMID: 36216444 DOI: 10.1016/j.cden.2022.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Continuous advancements in resin-based composites can make selection of the appropriate system a daunting task for the clinician. This review aims to simplify this process and clarify some new or controversial topics. Various types of composites for direct and indirect applications are discussed, including microfilled and microhybrid composites, nanocomposites, single shade, bulk fill, fiber-reinforced, high temperature/high pressure processed, CAD/CAM, and three-dimensional printable composites. Recent material advancements that lead to improved seal and toughness, degradation resistance, antimicrobial and self-healing capabilities are presented. Future directions are highlighted, such as the development of "smart" materials that are able to interact with the host environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Despoina Bompolaki
- Restorative Dentistry, Oregon Health & Science University, 2730 S Moody Ave, Room 10N070, Portland, OR 97201, USA.
| | - Erinne Bissonnette Lubisich
- Restorative Dentistry, Oregon Health & Science University, 2730 S Moody Ave, Room 10N070, Portland, OR 97201, USA
| | - Ana Paula Fugolin
- Restorative Dentistry, Oregon Health & Science University, 2730 S Moody Ave, Room 10N070, Portland, OR 97201, USA
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22
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Effect of hydrothermal aging on the microhardness of high- and low-viscosity conventional and additively manufactured polymers. J Prosthet Dent 2022; 128:822.e1-822.e9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2022.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
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23
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Daabash R, Alshabib A, Alqahtani MQ, Price RB, Silikas N, Alshaafi MM. Ion releasing direct restorative materials: Key mechanical properties and wear. Dent Mater 2022; 38:1866-1877. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2022.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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24
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Zhu X, Wang S, Ye J, Guo H, Wang R. Investigation of fracture-resistance of human teeth at the dentin-enamel junction using the J-integral calculation of finite element analysis. J MECH MED BIOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1142/s0219519422500695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Babaier RS, Haider J, Alshabib A, Silikas N, Watts DC. Mechanical behaviour of prosthodontic CAD/CAM polymer composites aged in three food-simulating liquids. Dent Mater 2022; 38:1492-1506. [PMID: 35871980 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2022.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study investigated the effect of ageing in three food-simulating liquids (FSLs) on mechanical properties of three prosthodontic CAD/CAM polymer composites intended for construction of implant-supported frameworks. METHODS Materials investigated were: (i) a carbon fibre-reinforced composite (CarboCAD 3D dream frame; CC), (ii) a glass fibre-reinforced composite (TRINIA; TR), and (iii) a reinforced PEEK (DentoKeep; PK). Filler contents and microstructural arrangements were determined by thermo-gravimetry and tomography (µ-CT), respectively. Flexural properties (FS and Ef) were measured by 3-point bending (3PB) of 1 mm and 2 mm thick beam specimens. Fracture toughness (KIC) was measured by single-edge-notched-bending (SENB). All measurements were made at baseline (dry) and after 1-day and 7-day storage at 37 ℃ in either water, 70 % ethanol/water (70 % E/W) or methyl ethyl ketone (MEK). Failed specimens were examined microscopically. Statistical analyses included four-way ANOVA, two-way ANOVA and multiple Tukey comparison tests (α = 0.05). Multiple independent t-tests were performed regarding thickness effects on FS and Ef (α = 0.05). RESULTS At baseline, the mechanical properties increased in the sequence: PK< TR< CC (p < 0.001). FS ranged from 192.9 to 501.5 MPa; Ef from 4.2 to 18.1 GPa; and KIC from 4.9-12.4 MPa.m0.5. Fibre-reinforced composites (CC and TR) were significantly stronger than PK. However, all properties of CC and TR reduced after 1 d storage in 70 % E/W and MEK with FS ranging from 58.6 to 408 MPa; Ef from 1 to 15.4 GPa; KIC from 6.87 to 10.17 MPa.m0.5. Greater reductions occurred after 7 d storage. MEK was more detrimental than 70 % E/W and water on fibre-reinforced composites. SIGNIFICANCE Mechanical properties of each CAD/CAM composite were strongly dependent upon media and ageing. Although the mechanical properties of PK were initially inferior, it was relatively stable in all FSLs. All three materials exhibited sufficient mechanical properties at 1 mm thickness, but thicker specimens were more tolerant to ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rua S Babaier
- Division of Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, United Kingdom; Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Julfikar Haider
- Division of Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, United Kingdom; Department of Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Abdulrahman Alshabib
- Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia; Engr. Abdullah Bugshan Research Chair for Dental and Oral Rehabilitation, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nick Silikas
- Division of Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, United Kingdom.
| | - David C Watts
- Division of Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, United Kingdom; Photon Science Institute, University of Manchester, United Kingdom.
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Alshabib A, Jurado CA, Tsujimoto A. Short fiber-reinforced resin-based composites (SFRCs); Current status and future perspectives. Dent Mater J 2022; 41:647-654. [PMID: 35858793 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2022-080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
One technique for placing of resin-based composite for large posterior cavities is the use of short fiber-reinforced resin-based composite (SFRC) to replace dentin in a biomimetic approach. As endurance under mastication cycles is a significant consideration in the clinical success of resin-based composite posterior restorations, the use of SFRC as a base material may prevent restorative fracture due to the fibers' effectiveness in stopping cracks. This review article specifies the characteristics of SFRC and describes the major underlying mechanisms of short fiber reinforcement for resin-based composite. Insights are further taken from laboratory studies used to define the short fiber-related properties of resin-based composite and the performance of currently available materials, focusing on aspects that are relevant to the reinforcement of resin-based composite. Finally, future standpoints on the development of SFRCs with nano fibers and different resin monomers, and their role in digital dentistry, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulrahman Alshabib
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, King Saud University College of Dentistry.,Engr. Abdullah Bugshan Research Chair for Dental & Oral Rehabilitation, King Saud University
| | - Carlos A Jurado
- Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso Woody L. Hunt School of Dental Medicine
| | - Akimasa Tsujimoto
- Department of Operative Dentistry, University of Iowa College of Dentistry.,Department of General Dentistry, Creighton University School of Dentistry
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Yousief SA, Galal RM, Alsharief HMA, Alharbi TTR, Alzhrani KAA, Migaishet HTA, Alshehri AAA, Nouruldeen AIA, Sait GAS, Jayar Y, Alharthi R, Alotaibi SA. Comparison of Two Types of Preparation for Laminate Veneer with Three Types of All-Ceramic Materials. Eur J Dent 2022; 17:120-126. [PMID: 35820443 PMCID: PMC9949923 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1743143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to compare types of veneer preparations and their combination with three materials. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two finite element models were specially prepared used representing window and wrap around preparation for veneers. The "central incisor" tooth geometry was acquired using a laser scanner, and then its surface was adjusted to form a solid model prior to the removal of each preparation separately. Three materials (Lava Ultimate, IPS e-max, and Celtra) were tested in combination with the preparation type. Bone geometry was simplified as two coaxial cylinders in all models. Each model was subjected to two loading conditions of occlusion (edge-to-edge bite and normal bite). STATISTICAL ANALYSIS AND RESULTS It was observed that cortical, cancellous bone, and periodontal ligament are insensitive to preparation or materials. Their stresses and deformation were within physiological limits. Significant changes appeared on the central incisor tooth structure, cement layer, and veneer layer stresses and deformations under loading cases. CONCLUSIONS Edge-to-edge bite stresses are severe with window-type preparation, and normal bite did not show any critical values on tooth structure, cement layer, or veneer layer. Veneer layer finish line and its contact with the cement layer and tooth structure play a role in the loading transfer mechanism. Preparation type alters the values of stresses on tooth structure, cement, and veneer layers. With window preparation, extreme stresses appear at finish line, while stresses appear under the loading site with wrap around preparation. Veneer and cement layers withstand the load energy with wrap around preparation and reduce tooth structure stresses. Thus, the lifetime of veneer and cement layers might be longer with window preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salah A. Yousief
- Department of Restorative and Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Dar Al Uloom University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia,Crown and Bridge Department, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Al Azhar University, Assuit Branch, Egypt,Address for correspondence Salah A. Yousief Department of Restorative and Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Dar Al Uloom UniversityRiyadhSaudi Arabia
| | - Rami M. Galal
- Fixed and Removable Prosthodontics Department, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt,Fixed Prosthodontics Department, AlNahda University, Egypt
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yousef Jayar
- Fixed Prosthodontics Department, AlNahda University, Egypt
| | - Reham Alharthi
- Fixed Prosthodontics Department, AlNahda University, Egypt
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Bijelic-Donova J, Garoushi S, Lassila LV, Rocca GT, Vallittu PK. Crack propagation and toughening mechanism of bilayered short-fiber reinforced resin composite structure -Evaluation up to six months storage in water. Dent Mater J 2022; 41:580-588. [PMID: 35584936 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2021-321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Clinically relevant parameters, such as stress intensity factor of bilayered resin composite structure with short fiber base and its stability over time, has yet to be investigated. This study investigated the stress intensity factor of pre-cracked bilayered specimens composed of short fiber resin composite base (SFC) and particulate filler resin composite (PFC) as veneering layer, with a crack located in the PFC layer, 0.5 mm away from the PFC-SFC interface. Monolayered specimens served as controls. All specimens were stored in water at 37°C either for 1 week, 1 month or 6 months before testing. Two-way ANOVA (p=0.05) was used to determine the differences among the groups. Results indicated that SFC base improve the brittleness of the PFC. The type of short fibers affected the crack propagation; fiber bridging in millimeter-scale SFC was the main crack arresting mechanism, whereas fiber pulling observed in micrometer-scale SFC mainly deviated the crack path.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmina Bijelic-Donova
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Stomatognathic Physiology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku
| | - Sufyan Garoushi
- Department of Biomaterials Science, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku
| | - Lippo Vj Lassila
- Department of Biomaterials Science, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku
| | | | - Pekka K Vallittu
- Department of Biomaterials Science, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku.,City of Turku Welfare Division, Oral Health Care
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Lima LF, Sousa MGDC, Rodrigues GR, de Oliveira KBS, Pereira AM, da Costa A, Machado R, Franco OL, Dias SC. Elastin-like Polypeptides in Development of Nanomaterials for Application in the Medical Field. FRONTIERS IN NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fnano.2022.874790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Elastin-like polypeptides (ELPs) are biopolymers formed by amino acid sequences derived from tropoelastin. These biomolecules can be soluble below critical temperatures, forming aggregates at higher temperatures, which makes them an interesting source for the design of different nanobiomaterials. These nanobiomaterials can be obtained from heterologous expression in several organisms such as bacteria, fungi, and plants. Thanks to the many advantages of ELPs, they have been used in the biomedical field to develop nanoparticles, nanofibers, and nanocomposites. These nanostructures can be used in multiple applications such as drug delivery systems, treatments of type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, tissue repair, and cancer therapy. Thus, this review aims to shed some light on the main advances in elastin-like-based nanomaterials, their possible expression forms, and importance to the medical field.
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El-Askary F, Hassanein A, Aboalazm E, Al-Haj Husain N, Özcan M. A Comparison of Microtensile Bond Strength, Film Thickness, and Microhardness of Photo-Polymerized Luting Composites. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15093050. [PMID: 35591383 PMCID: PMC9102044 DOI: 10.3390/ma15093050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of CAD/CAM composite thickness on micro-tensile bond strength (µTBS), microhardness (HV), and film thickness (FT) of different luting composites. Composite blocks (6.8 mm × 6.8 mm) were divided into 12 groups according to: CAD/CAM thickness and luting composite. For each group, 21 rods (1 mm × 1 mm) were tested in tension at crosshead speed of 1 mm/min. Fracture modes were categorized as adhesive, mixed, and cohesive. Microhardness (n = 5/group) was assessed using microhardness tester. Film thickness (12-rods/group) was evaluated using a stereomicroscope (×40). Data were analyzed using the two-way ANOVA/Tukey’s HSD test (p = 0.05). Parameters “thickness”, “cement”, and “thickness x cement” showed significant difference on µTBS and HV (p < 0.05). At 2 mm, heated x-tra fil composite showed the highest µTBS (45.0 ± 8.5 MPa), while at 4 mm thickness, Grandio Flow revealed the lowest µTBS (33.3 ± 6.3 MPa). Adhesive, mixed, and cohesive failures were reported. The HV of all composites decreased when photo-polymerized through 4 mm thickness (p < 0.05). Regardless of CAD/CAM thickness, photo-polymerized composites can be successfully used for luting CAD/CAM composite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farid El-Askary
- Operative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
- Correspondence:
| | - Abdullah Hassanein
- Conservative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Egyptian-Russian University, Cairo 11829, Egypt; (A.H.); (E.A.)
| | - Emad Aboalazm
- Conservative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Egyptian-Russian University, Cairo 11829, Egypt; (A.H.); (E.A.)
| | - Nadin Al-Haj Husain
- Division of Dental Biomaterials, Clinic for Reconstructive Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland; (N.A.-H.H.); (M.Ö.)
- Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Gerodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Mutlu Özcan
- Division of Dental Biomaterials, Clinic for Reconstructive Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland; (N.A.-H.H.); (M.Ö.)
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Properties of A Model Self-Healing Microcapsule-Based Dental Composite Reinforced with Silica Nanoparticles. J Funct Biomater 2022; 13:jfb13010019. [PMID: 35225982 PMCID: PMC8883938 DOI: 10.3390/jfb13010019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the mechanical properties of an experimental self-healing dental composite model (SHDC) composed of SiO2 nanoparticles with varying percentages of triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) monomer and N,N-dihydroxyethyl-p-toluidine (DHEPT) amine microcapsules. Materials and methods: Microcapsules were prepared by in-situ polymerisation of PUF shells, as explained in our previous work. The model SHDC included bisphenol A glycidyl dimethacrylate (Bis-GMA:TEGDMA) (1:1), 1 wt% phenyl bis(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl) phosphine oxide (BAPO), 0.5 wt% benzoyl peroxide (BPO) catalyst, 20 wt% silanised silica dioxide (SiO2) (15 nm) and (0, 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10 wt%) of microcapsules (120 ± 45 μm). Light transmission, hardness, degree of conversion (DC), flexural strength and elastic modulus of the SHDC model were measured. Results: The degree of conversion of the SHDC ranged from 73 to 76% 24 h after polymerisation. Hardness measurements ranged from 22 to 26 VHN (p > 0.05); however, the flexural strength was adversely affected from 80 to 55 MPa with increasing microcapsules of up to 10 wt% in the composites (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Only flexural strength decreased drastically ~30% with increasing microcapsules (>10 wt%) in the composites. All other measured properties were not significantly affected. Accordingly, we recommend a stronger composite material that could be created by increasing the filler content distribution in order to achieve a hybrid self-healing composite with enhanced mechanical properties.
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Polymer characteristics and mechanical properties of bulk-fill, giomer, fiber-reinforced and low-shrinkage composites. SRP ARK CELOK LEK 2022. [DOI: 10.2298/sarh220129055p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction/Objective. The objective was to determine the degree of conversion (DC), cross-link density, percentage of leachable monomers, flexural strength (FS), and hardness (HV) of nanohybrid, nanofilled bulk-fill, giomer, fiber-reinforced, and low-shrinkage composites. Methods. Standardized specimens (n = 5/group) of Tetric EvoCeram Bulk Fill, Filtek Bulk Fill, Beautifil, EverX posterior, Kalore, Filtek Z250 (microhybrid control), and Tetric EvoCeram (nanohybrid control) were subjected to micro-Raman spectroscopy, three-point bending, and HV. Cross-linking density and leachable monomers were ascertained based on the ratio of HV and DC before and after immersion in absolute ethanol. Results. DC was in the range 50.4?70.5%, the highest for Filtek Bulk and the lowest for Kalore. The highest %DC change was in Beautifil (10.3%) and the lowest in Filtek Bulk (1.4%) and Z250 (1.28%). FS ranged between 78.9 MPa (TEC) and 126.7 MPa (Filtek Bulk). HV ranged between 58.6 (Kalore) and 113.9 (Z250) and significantly decreased post-immersion (19?55%). HV48h inversely correlated to HV% loss (r = -0.761), whilst DC positively correlated with FS (r = 0.893). Conclusion. Filtek Bulk, EverX, and Z250 showed the highest DC. The lowest DC and mechanical properties were observed for Kalore. The greatest cross-link density was shown by Filtek Bulk. There were up to 10% of leachable monomers. DC and FS positively correlated.
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Attik N, Colon P, Gauthier R, Chevalier C, Grosgogeat B, Abouelleil H. Comparison of physical and biological properties of a flowable fiber reinforced and bulk filling composites. Dent Mater 2021; 38:e19-e30. [PMID: 34961643 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2021.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate in vitro the mechanical, biological, and polymerization behavior of a flowable bulk-fill composite with fibers as a dispersed phase. METHODS EverX Flow™ (GC Corporation) (EXF), one conventional bulk-fill composite (Filtek™ Bulk Fill Posterior Restorative, 3 M (FBF)), and one flowable bulk composite without fibers (SDR® flow+, Dentsply (SDR)) were tested. Samples were characterized in terms of flexural strength (ISO 4049), fracture toughness (ISO 20795-1), and Vickers hardness. Polymerization stress and volumetric shrinkage were evaluated. The in vitro biological assessment was achieved on cultured primary Human Gingival Fibroblast cells (HGF). The cell metabolic activity was evaluated using Alamar Blue assay at 1, 3, and 5 days of contact to the 3 tested composite extracts (ISO 10993) and cell morphology was evaluated by confocal microscopy. Data were submitted to One-Way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and independent t-test (α = 0.05). RESULTS FBF showed statistically higher Vickers hardness and flexural modulus than EXF and SDR. However, EXF showed statistically higher KIC than FBF and SDR. EXF had the statistically highest shrinkage stress values and FBF the lowest. Archimedes volumetric shrinkage showed significantly lower values for FBF as compared to the other two composites. Slight cytotoxic effect was observed for the three composites at day one. An enhancement of metabolic activity at day 5 was observed in cells treated with EXF extracts. SIGNIFICANCE EXF had a significantly higher fracture toughness validating its potential use as a restorative material in stress bearing areas. EXF showed higher shrinkage stress values, and less cytotoxic effect. Fiber reinforced flowable composite is mainly indicated for deep and large cavities, signifying the importance for assessing its shrinkage stress and biological behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Attik
- Université de Lyon - Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, UMR CNRS 5615, Laboratoire des Multimatériaux et Interfaces, Cedex 08, Lyon, 69372 France; Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Faculté d'Odontologie, Cedex 08, Lyon, 69372 France.
| | - Pierre Colon
- Université de Lyon - Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, UMR CNRS 5615, Laboratoire des Multimatériaux et Interfaces, Cedex 08, Lyon, 69372 France; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Rothschild, Service d'Odontologie, Université de Paris, Faculté dentaire, Paris, France
| | - Rémy Gauthier
- Université de Lyon - Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, UMR CNRS 5615, Laboratoire des Multimatériaux et Interfaces, Cedex 08, Lyon, 69372 France
| | - Charlène Chevalier
- Université de Lyon - Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, UMR CNRS 5615, Laboratoire des Multimatériaux et Interfaces, Cedex 08, Lyon, 69372 France
| | - Brigitte Grosgogeat
- Université de Lyon - Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, UMR CNRS 5615, Laboratoire des Multimatériaux et Interfaces, Cedex 08, Lyon, 69372 France; Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Faculté d'Odontologie, Cedex 08, Lyon, 69372 France; Hospices Civils de Lyon, Service d'Odontologie, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Hazem Abouelleil
- Université de Lyon - Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, UMR CNRS 5615, Laboratoire des Multimatériaux et Interfaces, Cedex 08, Lyon, 69372 France; Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Faculté d'Odontologie, Cedex 08, Lyon, 69372 France
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Sochacki S, Karczewski A, Platt J, Roberts HW. Effect of post-irradiation polymerization on selected mechanical properties of six direct resins. Dent Mater J 2021; 41:230-240. [PMID: 34789623 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2021-175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the post-irradiation mechanical property development of six resin composite-based restorative materials from the same manufacturer starting at 1 h post irradiation, followed by 24 h, 1 week, and 1 month after fabrication. Samples were stored in 0.2M phosphate buffered saline until testing. Flexural strength, flexural modulus, flexural toughness, modulus of resiliency, fracture toughness, and surface microhardness were performed at each time interval. Mean data was analyzed by Kruskal Wallis and Dunn's post hoc testing at a 95% level of confidence (α=0.05). Results were material specific but overall, all resin composite material mechanical properties were found to be immature at 1 h after polymerization as compared to that observed at 24 h. It may be prudent that clinicians advise patients, especially those receiving complex posterior composite restorations, to guard against overly stressing these restorations during the first 24 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Sochacki
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Comprehensive Care, School of Dentistry, Indiana University
| | - Ashley Karczewski
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Comprehensive Care, School of Dentistry, Indiana University
| | - Jeffrey Platt
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Comprehensive Care, School of Dentistry, Indiana University
| | - Howard W Roberts
- Director of Graduate Studies, University of Kentucky, College of Dentistry
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Algamaiah H, Watts DC. Post-irradiation surface viscoelastic integrity of photo-polymerized resin-based composites. Dent Mater 2021; 37:1828-1833. [PMID: 34593246 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2021.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A class of ultra-rapid-cure resin-based composites (RBCs) exhibited immediate post-irradiation surface viscoelastic integrity using an indentation-creep/recovery procedure. The aim of this study was to determine whether such behavior is more generally characteristic of a wider range of RBCs. METHODS Eight representative RBCs were selected based on different clinical categories: three bulkfills (OBF, Filtek One Bulk Fill; VBF, Venus Bulkfill; EBF, Estelite Bulkfill), three conventional non-flowables (XTE, Filtek Supreme XTE; GSO, GrandioSo; HRZ, Harmonize) and conventional flowables (XTF, Filtek Supreme XTE Flow; GSF, GrandioSo Flow). Stainless steel split molds were used to fabricate cylindrical specimens (4mm (dia)×4mm). These were irradiated (1.2W/cm2) for 20s on the top surface. Post-irradiation specimens (n=3), within their molds, were centrally loaded with a flat-ended 1.5mm diameter indenter under 14MPa stress: either immediately (<2min) or after 24h delayed indentation. Stress was maintained for 2h, then - after removal - recovery measurements continued for a further 2h. Indentation depth (%) versus time was measured continuously to an accuracy of <0.1μm. Data were analyzed by One-way ANOVA and Tukey post-hoc tests (α=0.05). RESULTS Time-dependent viscoelastic indentation was observed for all RBCs. For immediate indentation, the maximum indentation range was 1.43-4.92%, versus 0.70-2.22% for 24h delayed indentation. Following 2h recovery, the residual indentation range was 0.86-3.58% after immediate indentation, reducing to 0.22-1.27% for delayed indentation. The greatest immediate indentation was shown by VBF followed by XTF and GSF. OBF, HRZ, XTE and GSO had significantly lower indentations (greater hardness). XTE showed a significantly reduced indentation maximum compared to OBF (p<0.05). Indentations delayed until 24h post-irradiation were reduced (p<0.05) for most materials. SIGNIFICANCE The indentation-creep methodology effectively characterized resin-based composites within several categories. Viscoelastic properties evaluated by the indentation-creep method confirmed that highly filled RBCs were more resistant to indentation. Indentations were reduced after 24h post-irradiation due to further matrix-network development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamad Algamaiah
- Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Department of Restorative Dental Science, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - David C Watts
- Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Photon Science Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
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Analysis of the Effect of Parameters on Fracture Toughness of Hemp Fiber Reinforced Hybrid Composites Using the ANOVA Method. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13173013. [PMID: 34503052 PMCID: PMC8433991 DOI: 10.3390/polym13173013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
In today’s world, global warming has become a concern. To overcome this, we need to reduce the carbon footprints caused by the production of materials. Much of the time, this is equivalent to the same amount of CO2 emissions per tonne of production. This is a serious concern and needs to be overcome by identifying alternative materials to have as minimal a carbon footprint as possible. In this context, hemp fiber is by far the best natural fiber when compared to its peers. As per the survey conducted by the Nova institute, hemp has CO2 emissions of only 360 Kg/tonne, whereas jute has CO2 emissions of 550 Kg/tonne, kenaf 420 Kg/tonne, and flax 350 Kg/tonne. This paper presents an experimental study of the fracture toughness of hemp-reinforced hybrid composites (HRHC). The effect of the parameters on the fracture toughness behavior of HRHC is studied using the Taguchi technique. It uses different filler combinations with hemp fiber and epoxy. Hemp fiber is used as the reinforcement, epoxy resin is used as a matrix, and banana fiber, coconut shell powder, and sawdust are used as fillers. The experimental plan is prepared using an orthogonal array and analyzed using Minitab software. The obtained results were analyzed using ANOVA and main effects plots. It was observed that the fracture toughness increases with a decrease in thickness. The fracture toughness is affected by the fiber content in the range of 25%–35% and is also affected by the filler materials.
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Ardestani SS, Bonan RF, Mota MF, Farias RMDC, Menezes RR, Bonan PRF, Maciel PP, Ramos-Perez FMDM, Batista AUD, da Cruz Perez DE. Effect of the incorporation of silica blow spun nanofibers containing silver nanoparticles (SiO 2/Ag) on the mechanical, physicochemical, and biological properties of a low-viscosity bulk-fill composite resin. Dent Mater 2021; 37:1615-1629. [PMID: 34479726 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2021.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This work aimed at producing silica-blow-spun nanofibers containing silver nanoparticles (SiO2/Ag) and investigating the effect of their incorporation in different proportions, with or without pre-treatment with a silane coupling agent, on the mechanical, physicochemical, and biological properties of a commercial composite low-viscosity bulk-fill resin. METHODS The production of SiO2/Ag nanofibers was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX). A portion of the produced nanofibers was silanized. Scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), contact angle measurements, and agar diffusion tests against Streptococcus mutans were used to verify the differences between silanized and non-silanized nanofibers. Different proportions (0.5 wt% and 1 wt%) of silanized (SiO2/Ag-0.5S and SiO2/Ag-1S) and non-silanized (SiO2/Ag-0.5NS and SiO2/Ag-1NS) nanofibers were incorporated into the bulk-fill composite (Opus Bulk Fill Flow, FGM). A commercial composite was used as the control. Evaluation of the color parameters (L*, a*, and b*), radiopacity, contact angle, antimicrobial activity, Vickers microhardness, surface roughness (Sa and Sq), flexural strength, and SEM of the fractured surfaces were performed. The data were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test (fiber morphology), Kruskal-Wallis tests, with Dunn's post hoc test (antimicrobial activity of the specimen against S. mutans), Student's t-test (disk diffusion), one-way ANOVA and Tukey (color, radiopacity, and contact angle), and two-way ANOVA and Tukey (microhardness, surface roughness, and flexural strength) tests. All statistical analyses were performed at a significance level of 1% (α = 0.01). RESULTS Porous nanometric SiO2/Ag fibers were successfully produced. The silanization process, confirmed by FTIR, increased the diameter and contact angle and reduced the growth inhibition halos of the nanofibers (p < 0.01). After the incorporation of nanofibers into the dental composite, all color parameters were altered in all the experimental groups (p < 0.01). All the groups presented adequate radiopacity values. No statistical difference was observed in the contact angles of the experimental composites (p > 0.01). The lowest microbial counts were obtained in the SiO2/Ag-0.5S group; although no significant difference was observed with the control group (p < 0.01). The SiO2/Ag-1S, SiO2/Ag-0.5S, and SiO2/Ag-0.5NS groups exhibited higher microhardness after 30 d of immersion in water (p < 0.01). The surface roughness (Sa-μm) resembled that of the control at baseline, except for the SiO2/Ag-1NS group. For the baseline evaluation of flexural strength, all the experimental groups exhibited lower values than the control, except for SiO2/Ag-0.5NS and SiO2/Ag-0.5S, but after 30 d of immersion in water, there was no difference (p < 0.01). SIGNIFICANCE The incorporation of 0.5% wt. of silanized nanofibers in the commercial composite (SiO2/Ag-0.5S) seemed to be promising, especially for its greater inhibition of S. mutans, adequate roughness, and flexural strength, in addition to high hardness, even after aging in water.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roberta Ferreti Bonan
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, School of Dentistry, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil; Federal University of Paraiba, Department of Dentistry, João Pessoa, Paraiba, Brazil.
| | - Mariaugusta Ferreira Mota
- Federal University of Campina Grande, Department of Materials Engineering, Campina Grande, Paraiba, Brazil.
| | | | - Romualdo Rodrigues Menezes
- Federal University of Campina Grande, Department of Materials Engineering, Campina Grande, Paraiba, Brazil.
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Alhotan A, Yates J, Zidan S, Haider J, Silikas N. Assessing Fracture Toughness and Impact Strength of PMMA Reinforced with Nano-Particles and Fibre as Advanced Denture Base Materials. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14154127. [PMID: 34361320 PMCID: PMC8348661 DOI: 10.3390/ma14154127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Statement of Problem: Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) denture resins commonly fracture as a result of the denture being dropped or when in use due to heavy occlusal forces. Purpose: To investigate the effects of E-glass fibre, ZrO2 and TiO2 nanoparticles at different concentrations on the fracture toughness and impact strength of PMMA denture base. Materials and Methods: To evaluate fracture toughness (dimensions: 40 × 8 × 4 mm3; n = 10/group) and impact strength (dimensions: 80 × 10 × 4 mm3; n = 12/group), 286 rectangular tested specimens were prepared and divided into four groups. Group C consisted of the PMMA specimens without any filler (control group), while the specimens in the remaining three groups varied according to the concentration of three filler materials by weight of PMMA resin: 1.5%, 3%, 5%, and 7%. Three-point bending and Charpy impact tests were conducted to measure the fracture toughness and impact strength respectively. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) was utilised to examine the fractured surfaces of the specimens after the fracture toughness test. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey post-hoc tests were employed to analyse the results at a p ≤ 0.05 significance level. Results: Fracture toughness of groups with 1.5 and 3 wt.% ZrO2, 1.5 wt.% TiO2, and all E-glass fibre concentrations were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than the control group. The samples reinforced with 3 wt.% ZrO2 exhibited the highest fracture toughness. Those reinforced with a 3 wt.%, 5 wt.%, and 7 wt.% of E-glass fibres had a significantly (p < 0.05) higher impact strength than the specimens in the control group. The heat-cured PMMA modified with either ZrO2 or TiO2 nanoparticles did not exhibit a statistically significant difference in impact strength (p > 0.05) in comparison to the control group. Conclusions: 1.5 wt.%, 3 wt.% of ZrO2; 1.5 wt.% ratios of TiO2; and 1.5 wt.%, 3 wt.%, 5 wt.%, and 7 wt.% of E-glass fibre can effectively enhance the fracture toughness of PMMA. The inclusion of E-glass fibres does significantly improve impact strength, while ZrO2 or TiO2 nanoparticles did not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulaziz Alhotan
- Division of Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK; (J.Y.); (J.H.); (N.S.)
- Dental Health Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11454, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence:
| | - Julian Yates
- Division of Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK; (J.Y.); (J.H.); (N.S.)
| | - Saleh Zidan
- Department of Dental Materials, Faculty of Dentistry, Sebha University, Sebha 18758, Libya;
| | - Julfikar Haider
- Division of Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK; (J.Y.); (J.H.); (N.S.)
- Department of Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M1 5GD, UK
| | - Nikolaos Silikas
- Division of Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK; (J.Y.); (J.H.); (N.S.)
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Baraba A, Cimic S, Basso M, Ionescu AC, Brambilla E, Miletić I. Microtensile Bond Strength of Fiber-Reinforced and Particulate Filler Composite to Coronal and Pulp Chamber Floor Dentin. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:2400. [PMID: 34063026 PMCID: PMC8124664 DOI: 10.3390/ma14092400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This ex vivo study aimed to compare the microtensile bond strength of fiber-reinforced and particulate filler composite to coronal and pulp chamber floor dentin using a self-etching adhesive system. Coronal dentin of 40 human molar teeth was exposed by cutting occlusal enamel with a low-speed saw. Teeth were then randomly divided into two groups (n = 20). The first group was left as is, while in the second group, pulp chamber floor dentin was exposed by trepanation. After placement of a self-etching adhesive system (G-aenial Bond, GC, Tokyo, Japan), groups were further divided into two sub-groups (n = 10) according to the type of composite: fiber-reinforced composite (EP, everX Posterior, GC, Tokyo, Japan) and particulate filler composite (GP, G-aenial Posterior, GC, Tokyo, Japan). Then, composite blocks were built up. Sticks (1.0 × 1.0 mm2) were obtained from each specimen by sectioning, then microtensile bond strength (μTBS) test was performed. Statistical analysis included one-way ANOVA test and Student's t-test (p < 0.05). μTBS values were 22.91 ± 14.66 and 24.44 ± 13.72 MPa on coronal dentin, 14.00 ± 5.83 and 12.10 ± 8.89 MPa on pulp chamber floor dentin for EP and GP, respectively. Coronal dentin yielded significantly higher μTBS than pulp chamber floor dentin (p < 0.05), independently from the tested composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Baraba
- Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, Gunduliceva 5, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Samir Cimic
- Department of Removable Prosthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Gunduliceva 5, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Matteo Basso
- Department of Dentistry, Galeazzi Institute, University of Milan, via R. Galeazzi 4, 20161 Milan, Italy;
| | - Andrei C. Ionescu
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Oral Microbiology and Biomaterials Laboratory, University of Milan, via Pascal, 36, 20133 Milan, Italy; (A.C.I.); (E.B.)
| | - Eugenio Brambilla
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Oral Microbiology and Biomaterials Laboratory, University of Milan, via Pascal, 36, 20133 Milan, Italy; (A.C.I.); (E.B.)
| | - Ivana Miletić
- Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, Gunduliceva 5, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia;
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da Silva Meirelles Dória Maia JN, Portela MB, Sanchez Candela DR, Neves ADA, Noronha-Filho JD, Mendes ADO, Barros MA, Moreira da Silva E. Fabrication and characterization of remineralizing dental composites containing calcium type pre-reacted glass-ionomer (PRG-Ca) fillers. Dent Mater 2021; 37:1325-1336. [PMID: 33962791 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2021.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To fabricate and characterize dental composites with calcium type pre-reacted glass-ionomer (PRG-Ca) fillers. METHODS PRG-Ca fillers were prepared by the reaction of calcium fluoroaluminosilicate glass with polyacrylic acid. Seven dental composites were produced from the same organic matrix (70/30wt% Bis-GMA/TEGDMA), with partial replacement of barium borosilicate (BaBSi) fillers (60wt%) by PRG-Ca fillers (wt%): E0 (0) - control, E1 (10), E2 (20), E3 (30), E4 (40), E5 (50) and E6 (60). Enamel remineralization was evaluated in caries-like enamel lesions induced by S. mutans biofilm using micro-CT. The following properties were characterized: degree of conversion (DC%), roughness (Ra), Knoop hardness (KHN), flexural strength (FS), flexural modulus (FM), water sorption (Wsp), water solubility (Wsl), and translucency (TP). Data were analyzed to one-way ANOVA and Tukey's HSD test (α=0.05). RESULTS All composites with PRG-Ca induced enamel remineralization. E0 and E1 presented similar and highest DC% than E2=E3=E4=E5=E6. Ra and KHN were not influenced by PRG-Ca fillers (p<0.05). The higher the content of PRG-Ca, the lower FS, FM and TP (p<0.05). Wsp increased linearly with the content of PRG-Ca fillers (p<0.05). E6 presented the highest Wsl (p<0.05), while the Wsl of the other composites were not different from each other (p>0.05). SIGNIFICANCE Incorporation of 10-40wt.% of PRG-Ca fillers endowed remineralizing potential to dental composites without jeopardizing the overall behavior of their physicochemical properties. Dental composites with PRG-Ca fillers seems to be a good alternative for reinforcing the enamel against caries development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maristela Barbosa Portela
- Odontopediatric Division, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Aline de Almeida Neves
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Department of Paediatric Dentistry, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Jaime Dutra Noronha-Filho
- Analitical Laboratory of Restorative Biomaterials - LABiom-R, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Amanda de Oliveira Mendes
- Analitical Laboratory of Restorative Biomaterials - LABiom-R, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Mariana Araújo Barros
- Analitical Laboratory of Restorative Biomaterials - LABiom-R, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Moreira da Silva
- Analitical Laboratory of Restorative Biomaterials - LABiom-R, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Alshabib A, Algamaiah H, Silikas N, Watts DC. Material behavior of resin composites with and without fibers after extended water storage. Dent Mater J 2021; 40:557-565. [PMID: 33731541 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2020-028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the long-term water sorption, solubility and hygroscopic expansion of resin composites with and without incorporated short fibers. Three resin composites incorporating fibers were examined: everX Posterior (EVX), NovoPro Universal (NPU) and NovoPro Flow (NPF). Four Particulate filled composites were used as controls: Filtek bulk Fill (FBF), Filtek one bulkfill (FBO), Filtek Supreme XTE (XTE), and Filtek Supreme Flow (XTEF). For sorption and solubility measurements, specimens were immersed in water for140 days, weighed at intervals, then dried for a further 42 days at 37±1°C. Laser micrometer measured diametral expansion. XTEF exhibited the highest sorption. The solubility range was between -1.4 to 4.1 μg/mm; XTEF had the highest solubility, with EVX demonstrating negative solubility. Hygroscopic expansion ranged between 1.4% for hydroxyapatite fiber reinforced composite (NPU) and 2.2% for E-glass fiber reinforced composite (EVX). A nano-fiber containing composite (NPU) had the most favorable outcomes compared to a range of composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulrahman Alshabib
- Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester.,Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Saud University
| | - Hamad Algamaiah
- Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester.,Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Saud University
| | | | - David C Watts
- Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester.,Photon Science Institute, University of Manchester
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Wang Y, Zhu M, Zhu XX. Functional fillers for dental resin composites. Acta Biomater 2021; 122:50-65. [PMID: 33290913 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Dental resin composites (DRCs) are popular materials to repair caries. Although various types of DRCs with different characteristics have been developed, restoration failures still exist. Bulk fracture and secondary caries have been considered as main causes for the failure of composites restoration. To address these problems, various fillers with specific functions have been introduced and studied. Some fillers with specific morphologies such as whisker, fiber, and nanotube, have been used to increase the mechanical properties of DRCs, and other fillers releasing ions such as Ag+, Ca2+, and F-, have been used to inhibit the secondary caries. These functional fillers are helpful to improve the performances and lifespan of DRCs. In this article, we firstly introduce the composition and development of DRCs, then review and discuss the functional fillers classified according to their roles in the DRCs, finally give a summary on the current research and predict the trend of future development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazi Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China; Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Meifang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
| | - X X Zhu
- Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3J7, Canada.
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Jafarnia S, Valanezhad A, Shahabi S, Abe S, Watanabe I. Physical and mechanical characteristics of short fiber-reinforced resin composite in comparison with bulk-fill composites. J Oral Sci 2021; 63:148-151. [PMID: 33504755 DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.20-0436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The objective of this study was to evaluate the physical and mechanical properties of a short fiber-reinforced resin composite: everX-Posterior and compare it with two bulk-fill composites, namely, Filtek Bulk-fill and Beautifil-Bulk, which are intended for large posterior restorations. METHODS Investigated properties were flexural strength, flexural modulus, surface roughness, volumetric shrinkage and depth of cure. Scanning electron microscopy images of each specimen after the flexural test were used for cross-sectional comparison. Results were analyzed using ANOVA following Tukey post-hoc test. RESULTS Flexural strength of everX-Posterior was comparable with two other resin composites, showing higher flexural modulus. EverX-Posterior showed the highest surface roughness after polishing and the lowest volumetric shrinkage (2.29%) among all composites used in this study. Data also showed that the everX-Posterior depth of cure was 4.24 mm, which was the highest among the three groups. CONCLUSION Based on the results of this study, it was concluded that everX-Posterior as a short fiber-reinforced composite showed improvements and satisfactory performance in mechanical and physical properties, which make it a reliable base material candidate for large posterior restorations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiva Jafarnia
- Department of Dental and Biomedical Materials Science, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University
| | - Alireza Valanezhad
- Department of Dental and Biomedical Materials Science, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University
| | - Sima Shahabi
- Department of Dental Biomaterials, Research Center for Science and Technology in Medicine, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences
| | - Shigeaki Abe
- Department of Dental and Biomedical Materials Science, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University
| | - Ikuya Watanabe
- Department of Dental and Biomedical Materials Science, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University
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Ruggiero MM, Soares Gomes R, Pedroso Bergamo ET, Freitas MIM, Bonfante EA, Del Bel Cury AA. Resin-matrix ceramics for occlusal veneers: Effect of thickness on reliability and stress distribution. Dent Mater 2020; 37:e131-e139. [PMID: 33276957 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2020.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the influence of resin-matrix ceramic material and thickness on reliability and stress distribution of occlusal veneers (OV). METHODS One hundred and twenty-six OV of a mandibular first molar were milled using a CAD/CAM system and allocated according to materials (resin nanoceramic (RNC) or polymer-infiltrated ceramic network (PICN)) and thicknesses (0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 mm), totaling six groups (RNC0.5, RNC1, RNC1.5, PICN0.5, PICN1, and PICN1.5). Step-stress accelerated-life testing was performed (n = 21/group) with the load applied at the distobuccal cusp tip of the occlusal veneer until failure or suspension. The use level probability Weibull curves and reliability were calculated and plotted (90% CI). Finite element analysis evaluated the stress distribution according to maximum principal stress (σmax) on the restoration and maximum shear stress (τmax) on the cement layer. RESULTS There was no difference in the probability of survival for the estimated missions among the groups, except at 600 N in which the results were significantly lower to PICN1.5 (6%) compared to RNC1 (55%) and RNC1.5 (60%). The σmax values were higher for PICN (31.85-48.63 MPa) than RNC (30.78-33.09 MPa) in the same thicknesses. In addition, 0.5 mm groups concentrated more stress in the restoration (33.09-48.63 MPa) than 1.0 mm (31.11-35.36 MPa) and 1.5 mm (30.78-31.85 MPa) groups in the same material. SIGNIFICANCE Both resin-matrix ceramic materials seem up-and-coming restorative systems for occlusal veneers irrespective of the thicknesses as a consequence of the high reliability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirelle Maria Ruggiero
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, University of Campinas - Piracicaba Dental School, Limeira Avenue, 901, Piracicaba, SP, 13414-903, Brazil
| | - Rafael Soares Gomes
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, University of Campinas - Piracicaba Dental School, Limeira Avenue, 901, Piracicaba, SP, 13414-903, Brazil
| | - Edmara Tatiely Pedroso Bergamo
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, University of São Paulo - Bauru School of Dentistry, Dr. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla Avenue, 9-75, Bauru, SP, 17012-901, Brazil
| | - Mariana Itaborai Moreira Freitas
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, University of Campinas - Piracicaba Dental School, Limeira Avenue, 901, Piracicaba, SP, 13414-903, Brazil
| | - Estevam Augusto Bonfante
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, University of São Paulo - Bauru School of Dentistry, Dr. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla Avenue, 9-75, Bauru, SP, 17012-901, Brazil
| | - Altair Antoninha Del Bel Cury
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, University of Campinas - Piracicaba Dental School, Limeira Avenue, 901, Piracicaba, SP, 13414-903, Brazil.
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Development and characterisation of dental composites containing anisotropic fluorapatite bundles and rods. Dent Mater 2020; 36:1071-1085. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2020.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Choi JJE, Uy CE, Plaksina P, Ramani RS, Ganjigatti R, Waddell JN. Bond Strength of Denture Teeth to Heat-Cured, CAD/CAM and 3D Printed Denture Acrylics. J Prosthodont 2019; 29:415-421. [PMID: 31697004 DOI: 10.1111/jopr.13125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To establish the fracture toughness (K1C ) and flexural bond strength of commercially available denture teeth to heat cured, CAD/CAM and 3D printed denture-based resins (DBRs). MATERIALS AND METHODS Three types of DBRs (Heat cure, CAD-milled and 3D printed) and four different types of commercial denture teeth (Unfilled PMMA, double cross-linked PMMA, PMMA with nanofillers and 3D printed resin teeth) were investigated. DBR and epoxy embedded denture teeth (n = 30 per group) specimen beams (25 × 4 × 3 mm) were fabricated. The testing ends of all the specimens were surface treated, bonded and processed according to manufacturer's instructions. Twenty specimens were thermal cycled to simulate the effects of 6 and 12 months intraorally. A 4-point bend test, using the chevron-notched beam method was done and K1C (MPa ·m1/2 ) and flexure bond strength (MPa) were calculated. All specimens were analysed for the mode of failure under the light microscope and selected specimens under scanning electron microscope. Results were statistically analysed using ANOVA (SPSS Ver 24). RESULTS The mean K1C was the highest for the teeth bonded to the heat-cured DBR group (1.09 ± 0.24), followed by CAD/CAM (0.43 ± 0.05) and 3D printed groups (0.17 ± 0.01). Differences were statistically significant (p < 0.01). Within each group, aging showed statistically significantly lower values but no statistical significance between the mean K1C and flexural bond strength (p = 0.36). The dominant mode of failure was cohesive in the CAD/CAM groups and adhesive in the heat-cured and 3D printed groups. CONCLUSION Teeth bonded to heat-cured DBRs produced the highest K1C .The bond strength decreased significantly with aging. Teeth bonded to CAD/CAM and 3D printed DBRs showed significantly lower bond strength, with no significant influence of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne Jung Eun Choi
- Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Caira Ellyse Uy
- Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Polina Plaksina
- Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Rishi Sanjay Ramani
- Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Ritu Ganjigatti
- Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - John Neil Waddell
- Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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