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Yeslam HE, Freifrau von Maltzahn N, Nassar HM. Revolutionizing CAD/CAM-based restorative dental processes and materials with artificial intelligence: a concise narrative review. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17793. [PMID: 39040936 PMCID: PMC11262301 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly prevalent in biomedical and industrial development, capturing the interest of dental professionals and patients. Its potential to improve the accuracy and speed of dental procedures is set to revolutionize dental care. The use of AI in computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) within the restorative dental and material science fields offers numerous benefits, providing a new dimension to these practices. This study aims to provide a concise overview of the implementation of AI-powered technologies in CAD/CAM restorative dental procedures and materials. A comprehensive literature search was conducted using keywords from 2000 to 2023 to obtain pertinent information. This method was implemented to guarantee a thorough investigation of the subject matter. Keywords included; "Artificial Intelligence", "Machine Learning", "Neural Networks", "Virtual Reality", "Digital Dentistry", "CAD/CAM", and "Restorative Dentistry". Artificial intelligence in digital restorative dentistry has proven to be highly beneficial in various dental CAD/CAM applications. It helps in automating and incorporating esthetic factors, occlusal schemes, and previous practitioners' CAD choices in fabricating dental restorations. AI can also predict the debonding risk of CAD/CAM restorations and the compositional effects on the mechanical properties of its materials. Continuous enhancements are being made to overcome its limitations and open new possibilities for future developments in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanin E. Yeslam
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Hani M. Nassar
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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2
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Puri N, Atria PJ, Oquendo A, Blatz MB, Sampaio CS. A fully digital workflow involving 3D printed tooth reduction guides and injection resin-indexes to restore an impacted canine. J ESTHET RESTOR DENT 2024. [PMID: 38923112 DOI: 10.1111/jerd.13273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present clinical report describes a long-term temporary restorative approach using injectable composite to reshape a canine into a central incisor, within the context of an ongoing orthodontic treatment. This treatment protocol describes a fully-digital workflow, incorporating digital designed and 3D printed diagnostic wax up, reduction guides and resin-injection index. CLINICAL CONSIDERATIONS Effective planning is important when aiming to deliver a comprehensive and multidisciplinary workflow, and digital tools serve as invaluable aids. CONCLUSION The use of a fully digital workflow in a comprehensive dental treatment resulted in a predictable and successful outcome for a restoration of a canine that was transformed into a central incisor. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE This approach highlights the efficacy of digital technology in achieving precise and successful dental restorations, emphasizing its significance in modern dental practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Puri
- APA Advanced Clinical Fellowship Program in Aesthetic Dentistry, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, New York, USA
| | - Pablo J Atria
- Advanced Clinical Fellowship Program in Operative and Digital Dentistry, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, New York, USA
| | - Anabella Oquendo
- APA Advanced Clinical Fellowship Program in Aesthetic Dentistry, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, New York, USA
| | - Markus B Blatz
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Sciences, Center for Innovation & Precision Dentistry, University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Camila S Sampaio
- APA Advanced Clinical Fellowship Program in Aesthetic Dentistry, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, New York, USA
- Advanced Clinical Fellowship Program in Operative and Digital Dentistry, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, New York, USA
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Oliveira AR, Ziglioli NU, Marocho SMS, Satterthwaite J, Borba M. Effect of the CAD/CAM Milling Protocol on the Fracture Behavior of Zirconia Monolithic Crowns. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:2981. [PMID: 38930350 PMCID: PMC11206009 DOI: 10.3390/ma17122981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Although advancements in CAD/CAM technology allow for more personalized treatments, it is not clear how modifications in the CAD/CAM milling process could affect the restoration surface conditions and their mechanical behavior. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different CAD/CAM milling protocols on the topography and fracture behavior of zirconia monolithic crowns (3Y-PSZ) subjected to a chewing simulation. Monolithic 3Y-PSZ premolar crowns were milled using three protocols (n = 13) (slow (S), normal (N), and fast (F)). Crowns were cemented on a dentin analog abutment and subjected to mechanical aging (200 N, 2 Hz, 1,500,000 cycles, 37 °C water). Surviving crowns were subjected to compressive load test and analyzed using fractography. Fracture load data were analyzed with two-parameter Weibull analysis. The surface topography of the crowns was examined with a stereomicroscope and a 3D non-contact profiler. All crowns survived the chewing simulation. Crowns milled using the F protocol had the greatest characteristic fracture load, while crowns produced with the S protocol showed high Weibull modulus. Groups N and S had a more uniform surface and detailed occlusal anatomy than group F. The CAD/CAM milling protocol affected the topography and mechanical behavior of 3Y-PSZ monolithic crowns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andressa Restani Oliveira
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, University of Passo Fundo, BR285, Passo Fundo 99052-900, RS, Brazil; (A.R.O.); (N.U.Z.)
| | - Natalia Ulmi Ziglioli
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, University of Passo Fundo, BR285, Passo Fundo 99052-900, RS, Brazil; (A.R.O.); (N.U.Z.)
| | - Susana M. Salazar Marocho
- Department of Biomedical Materials Science, University of Mississippi, 2500 N. State St., Jackson, MS 39216-4505, USA;
| | - Julian Satterthwaite
- Division of Dentistry, University of Manchester, Coupland Building 3, Manchester M13 9PL, UK;
| | - Marcia Borba
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, University of Passo Fundo, BR285, Passo Fundo 99052-900, RS, Brazil; (A.R.O.); (N.U.Z.)
- Division of Dentistry, University of Manchester, Coupland Building 3, Manchester M13 9PL, UK;
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Sadegh-Zadeh SA, Bagheri M, Saadat M. Decoding children dental health risks: a machine learning approach to identifying key influencing factors. Front Artif Intell 2024; 7:1392597. [PMID: 38952410 PMCID: PMC11215085 DOI: 10.3389/frai.2024.1392597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction and objectives This study investigates key factors influencing dental caries risk in children aged 7 and under using machine learning techniques. By addressing dental caries' prevalence, it aims to enhance early identification and preventative strategies for high-risk individuals. Methods Data from clinical examinations of 356 children were analyzed using Logistic Regression, Decision Trees, and Random Forests models. These models assessed the influence of dietary habits, fluoride exposure, and socio-economic status on caries risk, emphasizing accuracy, precision, recall, F1 score, and AUC metrics. Results Poor oral hygiene, high sugary diet, and low fluoride exposure were identified as significant caries risk factors. The Random Forest model demonstrated superior performance, illustrating the potential of machine learning in complex health data analysis. Our SHAP analysis identified poor oral hygiene, high sugary diet, and low fluoride exposure as significant caries risk factors. Conclusion Machine learning effectively identifies and quantifies dental caries risk factors in children. This approach supports targeted interventions and preventive measures, improving pediatric dental health outcomes. Clinical significance By leveraging machine learning to pinpoint crucial caries risk factors, this research lays the groundwork for data-driven preventive strategies, potentially reducing caries prevalence and promoting better dental health in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed-Ali Sadegh-Zadeh
- Department of Computing, School of Digital, Technologies and Arts, Staffordshire University, Stoke-on-Trent, United Kingdom
| | - Mahshid Bagheri
- Paediatric Dentistry, Population and Patient Health, King’s College London Dental Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mozafar Saadat
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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Rizk A, Abdou A, Ashraf R, Omar S. Effect of multiple firings on optical and mechanical properties of Virgilite-containing lithium disilicate glass-ceramic of varying thickness. Clin Oral Investig 2024; 28:370. [PMID: 38869624 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-024-05746-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the effect of multiple firings on color, translucency, and biaxial flexure strength of Virgilite-containing (Li0.5Al0.5Si2.5O6) lithium disilicate glass ceramics of varying thickness. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty discs were prepared from Virgilite-containing lithium disilicate blocks. Discs were divided according to thickness (n = 30) into T0.5 (0.5 mm) and T1.0 (1.0 mm). Each thickness was divided according to the number of firing cycles (n = 10); F1 (Control group): 1 firing cycle; F3: 3 firing cycles, and F5: 5 firing cycles. The discs were tested for color change (ΔE00) and translucency (TP00) using a spectrophotometer. Then, all samples were subjected to biaxial flexure strength testing using a universal testing machine. Data were collected and statistically analyzed (α = 0.5). For chemical analysis, six additional T0.5 discs (2 for each firing cycle) were prepared; for each firing cycle one disc was subjected to X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) and another disc was subjected to Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and Scanning electron microscope (SEM). RESULTS Repeated firing significantly reduced the translucency of F3 and F5 compared to F1 in T0.5 (p < 0.001), while for T1.0 only F5 showed a significant decrease in TP00 (p < 0.001). For ΔE00, a significant increase was recorded with repeated firings (p < 0.05) while a significant decrease resulted in the biaxial flexure strength regardless of thickness. CONCLUSIONS Repeated firings had a negative effect on both the optical and mechanical properties of the Virgilite-containing lithium disilicate glass ceramics. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Repeated firings should be avoided with Virgilite-containing lithium disilicate ceramics to decrease fracture liability and preserve restoration esthetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr Rizk
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Fixed Prosthodontics Division, Faculty of Dentistry, King Salman International University, South Sinai, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed Abdou
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Reem Ashraf
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Dental Biomaterials Division, Faculty of Dentistry, King Salman International University, South Sinai, Egypt
| | - Sarah Omar
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Badr University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
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Lahoud P, Jacobs R, Elahi SA, Ducret M, Lauwers W, van Lenthe GH, Richert R, EzEldeen M. Developing Advanced Patient-Specific In Silico Models: A New Era in Biomechanical Analysis of Tooth Autotransplantation. J Endod 2024; 50:820-826. [PMID: 38452866 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2024.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION As personalized medicine advances, there is an escalating need for sophisticated tools to understand complex biomechanical phenomena in clinical research. Recognizing a significant gap, this study pioneers the development of patient-specific in silico models for tooth autotransplantation (TAT), setting a new standard for predictive accuracy and reliability in evaluating TAT outcomes. METHODS Development of the models relied on 6 consecutive cases of young patients (mean age 11.66 years ± 0.79), all undergoing TAT procedures. The development process involved creating detailed in silico replicas of patient oral structures, focusing on transplanting upper premolars to central incisors. These models underpinned finite element analysis simulations, testing various masticatory and traumatic scenarios. RESULTS The models highlighted critical biomechanical insights. The finite element models indicated homogeneous stress distribution in control teeth, contrasted by shape-dependent stress patterns in transplanted teeth. The surface deviation in the postoperative year for the transplanted elements showed a mean deviation of 0.33 mm (±0.28), significantly higher than their contralateral counterparts at 0.05 mm (±0.04). CONCLUSIONS By developing advanced patient-specific in silico models, we are ushering in a transformative era in TAT research and practice. These models are not just analytical tools; they are predictive instruments capturing patient uniqueness, including anatomical, masticatory, and tissue variables, essential for understanding biomechanical responses in TAT. This foundational work paves the way for future studies, where applying these models to larger cohorts will further validate their predictive capabilities and influence on TAT success parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Lahoud
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery & Imaging and Pathology, OMFS-IMPATH Research Group, University Hospitals Leuven, KU Leuven, Belgium; Division of Periodontology & Oral Microbiology, Department of Oral Health Sciences-University Hospitals Leuven, KU Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Reinhilde Jacobs
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery & Imaging and Pathology, OMFS-IMPATH Research Group, University Hospitals Leuven, KU Leuven, Belgium; Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Seyed Ali Elahi
- Department of Movement Sciences, Human Movement Biomechanics Research Group, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Mechanical Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Maxime Ducret
- Laboratoire de Biologie Tissulaire et Ingénierie thérapeutique, UMR 5305 CNRS/Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, UMS 3444 BioSciences Gerland- Lyon Sud, Lyon, France; Service d'Odontologie, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Wout Lauwers
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery & Imaging and Pathology, OMFS-IMPATH Research Group, University Hospitals Leuven, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Raphaël Richert
- Service d'Odontologie, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France; Univ Lyon, INSA Lyon, CNRS, LaMCoS, UMR5259, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Mostafa EzEldeen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery & Imaging and Pathology, OMFS-IMPATH Research Group, University Hospitals Leuven, KU Leuven, Belgium; Department of Oral Health Sciences, KU Leuven and Paediatric Dentistry and Special Dental Care, University Hospitals Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Adnan S, Lal A, Naved N, Umer F. A bibliometric analysis of scientific literature in digital dentistry from low- and lower-middle income countries. BDJ Open 2024; 10:38. [PMID: 38796474 PMCID: PMC11127973 DOI: 10.1038/s41405-024-00225-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Bibliometric analysis and citation counts help to acknowledge influence of publications. The aim of this study was to conduct bibliometric and citation analysis of top-cited articles, from low- and lower-middle income countries, on use and application of digital technology in dentistry. METHODOLOGY A search strategy based on "Digital Dentistry", "Low Income Countries", and "Lower-Middle Income Countries" was used in October 2023 using Scopus database to retrieve articles relevant to digital dentistry, with citation count of 10 or more. From 44 included articles, bibliometric information was analyzed on SPSS version 23. Network analysis based on co-citations, keywords, and number of citations was conducted on VOS software (version 1.6.20). RESULTS Most relevant articles were published in 2021 (n = 8), with 52.3% original articles, out of which 40.9% were in vitro studies. India had the highest number of articles (n = 24), with most publications in The Journal of Indian Prosthodontic Society (n = 4), and in the domain of General Dentistry (n = 15, 34.1%). Co-authorship network analysis was not significant, but country-wise co-authorship analysis revealed India with the greatest link strength (4.0). Highest occurring keyword was 3D printing (link strength 5.0), and the citation analysis revealed Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry with the most number of published documents (3), having a citation count of 275. Bibliographic coupling for sources revealed Journal of Indian Prosthodontic Society to have the highest link strength of 15.33. CONCLUSION This analysis uncovers interesting bibliometric and citation based information including key thematic trends, emphasizing crucial role of technologies like 3D printing, CAD/CAM, and CBCT in digital dentistry. The study underscores the imperative for increased original research efforts in low- and lower middle-income countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Adnan
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Sindh Institute of Oral Health Sciences, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Abhishek Lal
- Department of Medicine, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan.
| | - Nighat Naved
- Section of Dentistry, Department of Surgery, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Fahad Umer
- Section of Dentistry, Department of Surgery, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
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Zhang J, Fan L, Xie C, Li J, Zhang Y, Yu H. A digital workflow for layering composite resin restorations by using 3-dimensionally printed templates to replicate the contralateral tooth accurately and rapidly. J Prosthet Dent 2024; 131:774-780. [PMID: 35513919 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2022.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
This article described a digital workflow for layering composite resin restorations by using a digital software program and 3-dimensionally printed templates. To mimic the appearance of the natural tooth, the computer-aided design was used to copy the shape of the contralateral tooth. Three-dimensionally printed templates to replicate the contralateral tooth accurately and rapidly can help dentists build different layers of dentin and enamel composite resin, achieving layered esthetic outcomes. This workflow provides an efficient and accurate procedure, reduces chairside time, and simplifies the application of the technically sensitive composite resin layering technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjing Zhang
- Graduate student, Department of Dental Technology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Lin Fan
- Graduate student, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Chenyang Xie
- Graduate student, Department of Dental Technology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Junying Li
- Research Fellow and Clinical Lecturer, Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Mich
| | - Yuqiang Zhang
- Graduate student, Department of Dental Technology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Haiyang Yu
- Professor, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China.
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Al Mortadi NA, Khasawneh L, Alzoubi KH. Manufacturing of PEEK orthodontic baseplate and 3D-printed alloy components from an intraoral scan. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e38004. [PMID: 38669369 PMCID: PMC11049687 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000038004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This paper demonstrates a digital manufacturing technique of a removable orthodontic appliance from an intraoral scan. An intraoral scan was made for the maxillary and mandibular arches. 3Shape Orthodontics Appliance Designer produced the virtual Hawley retainer, consisting of alloy components (Adam Clasps and Fitted Labial bow) and a base plate. The base plate design was modified to adapt to inserting the alloy components, which were combined using cold-cured acrylic. The finished Hawley retainer was assessed intraorally. The described technique emphasizes the design specifications of digitally designed and manufactured removable orthodontic appliances. A combination of additive and subtractive techniques was successfully employed to manufacture the alloy components and base plate. This novel method provides an alternative approach to manufacturing removable appliances with computer-aided design (CAD)/computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) technologies. The described process offers a precursor to digital manufacturing of other developed designs of dental appliances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noor A. Al Mortadi
- Department of Applied Dental Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Lina Khasawneh
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Karem H. Alzoubi
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmacotherapeutics, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
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Tanaka A, Kawaguchi T, Ito A, Isshi K, Hamanaka I, Tsuzuki T. Shear bond strength of ultraviolet-polymerized resin to 3D-printed denture materials: Effects of post-polymerization, surface treatments, and thermocycling. J Prosthodont Res 2024:JPR_D_23_00321. [PMID: 38644230 DOI: 10.2186/jpr.jpr_d_23_00321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study is to compare the shear bond strength of ultraviolet (UV)-polymerized resin to 3D-printed denture materials, both with and without post-polymerization. Moreover, the effects of surface treatment and thermocycling on shear bond strength after post-polymerization were investigated. METHODS Cylindrical 3D-printed denture bases and teeth specimens were prepared. The specimens are subjected to two tests. For Test 1, the specimens were bonded without any surface treatment or thermal stress for comparison with and without post-polymerization. In Test 2, specimens underwent five surface treatments: untreated (CON), ethyl acetate (EA), airborne particle abrasion (APA) with 50 μm (50-APA) and 110 μm alumina (110-APA), and tribochemical silica coating (TSC). A UV-polymerized resin was used for bonding. Half of the Test 2 specimens were thermocycled for 10,000 cycles. Shear bond strength was measured and analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis and Steel-Dwass tests (n = 8). RESULTS In Test 1, post-polymerization significantly reduced shear bond strength of both 3D-printed denture materials (P < 0.05). No notable difference was observed between the denture teeth and the bases (P > 0.05). In Test 2, before thermocycling, the CON and EA groups exhibited low bond strengths, while the 50-APA, 110-APA, and TSC groups exhibited higher bond strengths. Thermocycling did not reduce bond strength in the latter groups, but significantly reduced bond strength in the EA group (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Post-polymerization can significantly reduce the shear bond strength of 3D-printed denture materials. Surface treatments, particularly APA and TSC, maintained bond strength even after thermocycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ami Tanaka
- Division of Removable Prosthodontics, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Kawaguchi
- Division of Removable Prosthodontics, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan
- Department of Biomaterials Science and Turku Clinical Biomaterials Centre - TCBC, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Ayaka Ito
- Division of Removable Prosthodontics, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kota Isshi
- Central Dental Laboratory, Fukuoka Dental College Medical & Dental Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ippei Hamanaka
- Division of Removable Prosthodontics, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takashi Tsuzuki
- Division of Removable Prosthodontics, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan
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11
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Reidelbach C, Swoboda M, Spraul M, Vach K, Patzelt SBM, Hellwig E, Polydorou O. Effects of erosion and abrasion on resin-matrix ceramic CAD/CAM materials: An in vitro investigation. Eur J Oral Sci 2024; 132:e12967. [PMID: 38105518 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of erosion and abrasion on resin-matrix ceramic CAD/CAM materials [CERASMART (GC); VITA ENAMIC (VITA Zahnfabrik); Lava Ultimate (3 M)] in comparison to feldspar ceramic (VITABLOCS Mark II, VITA Zahnfabrik) and resin composite materials (ceram.x universal, Dentsply Sirona). Daily brushing and acid exposure were simulated using a brushing apparatus and a solution of 0.5 vol% citric acid. Microhardness, surface roughness, and substance loss were measured at baseline and after simulation of 1 and 3 years of function. All materials showed a decrease in microhardness after 3 years and an increase in surface roughness (Ra) after 1 and 3 years. The Ra increase was statistically significantly lower for the resin-matrix ceramics than for feldspar ceramic and similar to composite material. After 3 years, only feldspar ceramic showed no significant substance loss. In conclusion, resin-matrix ceramics demonstrate reduced roughening compared to feldspar ceramics, potentially improving restoration longevity by preventing plaque buildup, but differences in abrasion resistance suggest the need for further material-specific research. Future research should aim to replicate clinical conditions closely and to transition to in vivo trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cosima Reidelbach
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Michael Swoboda
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Mathias Spraul
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Kirstin Vach
- Institute for Medical Biometry and Statistics, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian B M Patzelt
- Praxis für Zahnmedizin, Zimmern ob Rottweil, Germany
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Elmar Hellwig
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Olga Polydorou
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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Alshahrani AM, Lim CH, Wolff MS, Janal MN, Zhang Y. Current speed sintering and high-speed sintering protocols compromise the translucency but not strength of yttria-stabilized zirconia. Dent Mater 2024; 40:664-673. [PMID: 38378371 PMCID: PMC11015968 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2024.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the impacts of speed and high-speed sintering on the densification, microstructure, phase composition, translucency, and flexural strength of yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ). METHODS A total of 162 disc-shaped specimens (n = 18) were cold-isostatically pressed from 3YSZ (Zpex), 4YSZ (Zpex 4), and 5YSZ (Zpex Smile) powders (Tosoh Corporation) and sintered according to the following protocols: conventional (control, ∼12 h), speed (∼28 min for 3YSZ; ∼60 min for 4YSZ and 5YSZ), and high-speed (∼18 min) sintering. Dimensions of zirconia specimens after sintering and polishing (1-μm diamond grit finish) were Ø13.75 × 1 mm. Density, microstructure, phase content, translucency parameter, and biaxial flexural strength were evaluated using Archimedes', SEM, XRD, spectrophotometric, and piston-on-3-ball methods, respectively. Data were analyzed with either one-way ANOVA and Tukey's test or Kruskal-Wallis with Dunn's test (α = 0.05). RESULTS For all YSZ compositions, conventional sintering yielded the highest density followed by speed then high-speed sintering. All sintering protocols resulted in similar strength values; however, speed and high-speed sintering protocols afforded significantly lower translucency relative to conventional sintering. XRD analysis revealed similar spectra for YSZs sintered by various protocols. The speed sintered specimens had the smallest grain size whereas the high-speed sintered 5YSZ possessed the largest grain size among all groups. SEM examination of all YSZ compositions revealed that the average pore size was an order of magnitude smaller than the average grain size. SIGNIFICANCE Speed and high-speed sintering of YSZs yield similar strength but diminished density and translucency relative to their conventionally sintered counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulaziz M Alshahrani
- Laboratories for Microstructure Physics & Mechanics of Materials, Department of Preventive and Restorative Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Chek Hai Lim
- Laboratories for Microstructure Physics & Mechanics of Materials, Department of Preventive and Restorative Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Mark S Wolff
- Morton Amsterdam Dean, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Malvin N Janal
- Department of Epidemiology & Health Promotion, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Yu Zhang
- Laboratories for Microstructure Physics & Mechanics of Materials, Department of Preventive and Restorative Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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Aljehani A, Nabalawi A, Hefni A, Alsefri Z, Fakhry O, Al Zaibak W, Raffa O. Effect of build orientation on the fracture resistance and marginal quality of 3D-printed anatomic provisional crowns: An in-vitro study. Saudi Dent J 2024; 36:584-590. [PMID: 38690397 PMCID: PMC11056395 DOI: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2024.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) technologies have been increasingly used to fabricate provisional restorations in recent years. This study assessed how build orientation influences the fracture resistance and marginal quality of 3D-printed crowns compared with milled provisional crowns. Methods The test group included 3D-printed crowns (Freeprint temp Shade A2, Detax, Ettlingen, Germany), which were further subdivided based on print orientation (0°, 45°, and 90°; n = 10 for each subgroup). The control group (n = 10) included milled crowns (Coratemp, White Peaks, Germany) with the same design as those of the test group. The margin quality of each crown was assessed at 60 × magnification using a digital stereomicroscope. A load-to-fracture test was performed by applying a force at a rate of 2 mm/min to assess fracture resistance. One sample from each subgroup was also subjected to scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis. Results The milled group exhibited the highest fracture resistance and marginal quality. Within the printed subgroups, the 0° group showed the best mean marginal quality, whereas the 90° group showed the lowest mean marginal quality (p < 0.05). Within the test groups, the 90° group had the highest mean fracture resistance (p < 0.05). In the SEM analysis, the milled group exhibited the most homogenous boundaries, whereas among the 3D-printed subgroups, the samples printed at 0° had the best margin quality. Conclusion The manufacturing method significantly influences the marginal quality and fracture resistance. Milled crowns demonstrated superior marginal quality and fracture resistance compared to those of 3D printed crowns. Furthermore, the print orientation of 0° led to the best marginal quality, whereas printing at 90° led to the highest fracture resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ahmed Hefni
- King Abdulaziz University, Faculty of Dentistry, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ziyad Alsefri
- King Abdulaziz University, Faculty of Dentistry, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omar Fakhry
- King Abdulaziz University, Faculty of Dentistry, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Walaa Al Zaibak
- Department of Periodontics and Implants, Joele special medical center, Jeddah Saudi Arabia
| | - Ossama Raffa
- Department of Prosthodontics, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Wang H, Shao L, Sun J, Wang S, Ding Q, Zhang L. A fully digital workflow to design anterior guidance for an implant-supported single crown using a modified patient-specific motion technique. J Prosthet Dent 2024:S0022-3913(24)00134-3. [PMID: 38490934 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2024.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Current methods for designing anterior guidance of anterior fixed prostheses are either complicated or lack accuracy. The article describes a fully digital workflow to design individualized anterior guidance of an implant-supported single crown by using a modified patient-specific motion technique. The technique aims to optimize the digital occlusal design workflow, thereby improving the occlusal fit and long-term stability of anterior fixed prostheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Wang
- Graduate student, Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & NHC Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing, PR China
| | - Liang Shao
- Graduate student, Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & NHC Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing, PR China
| | - Jiao Sun
- Graduate student, Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & NHC Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing, PR China
| | - Shimin Wang
- Dental Technician, Denture Processing Center, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, PR China
| | - Qian Ding
- Resident, Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & NHC Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing, PR China.
| | - Lei Zhang
- Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & NHC Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing, PR China
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Alao AR. Optimization of surface roughness, phase transformation and shear bond strength in sandblasting process of YTZP using statistical machine learning. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2024; 150:106245. [PMID: 37992583 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2023.106245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Sandblasting process is often applied to roughen the intaglio of yttria tetragonal zirconia polycrystals (YTZP) surfaces for easy and quality adhesion and micro-shear retention with dentine/resin cements. Sandblasting process parameters have shown to influence, at different scales, surface roughness, phase transformation and shear bond strength, all of which are referred, herein, as performance characteristics. This study aimed to find the parametric settings of sandblasting parameters that could simultaneously optimize these performance characteristics, hypothetically testing the probability. YTZP surfaces were sandblasted at different levels of incidence angle (IA), abrasive particle size (AP), pressure(P) and sandblasting time (ST) following the Taguchi method based on the two-level parametric process settings (L8(27)). Surface morphologies, roughness (SR), monoclinic content (MC), and shear bond strength (SS) were characterized by the SEM, average surface roughness, XRD, and shear bond strength tests, respectively. Rough surfaces containing scratches, plastic deformation streaks, micro cracks and pitting were observed. According to the Taguchi method, the same optimum sandblasting parametric setting maximized SR and MC but failed to maximize SS. Subsequently, the principal component analysis embedded in statistical machine learning was applied to find the optimum sandblasting parametric setting that maximized all the performance characteristics. The optimum sandblasting setting of IA = 45°, AP = 110 μm, ST = 20 s and P = 400 kPa predicted the maximum values of SR = 0.773 μm, MC = 36% and SS = 16.6 MPa. Analysis of variance confirmed AP and P as the most influencing parameters affecting all performance characteristics. Finally, these results provide a systematic and comprehensive route for optimizing sandblasting roughening of YTZP surfaces which can be adopted in adhesive dental and orthodontic industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdur-Rasheed Alao
- Mechanical Engineering Programme Area, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Brunei, Gadong, BE1410, Brunei Darussalam; Wellness Research Thrust, Universiti Teknologi Brunei, Gadong, BE1410, Brunei Darussalam.
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de Souza FA, Blois MC, Collares K, Dos Santos MBF. 3D-printed and conventional provisional single crown fabrication on anterior implants: A randomized clinical trial. Dent Mater 2024; 40:340-347. [PMID: 38103959 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2023.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The present study aims to compare provisional single crowns on anterior implants made using conventional PMMA and 3D-printed workflows. The study assessed the occurrence of failures, color variation, signs of early deterioration, operating time, and patients' satisfaction with the treatment through a randomized controlled trial. METHODS This study was conducted as a randomized controlled trial, following the SPIRIT and CONSORT guidelines. Patients were included in the study after meeting the eligibility criteria and were randomly assigned to one of two groups (conventional and 3D-printed). FDI criteria, visible plaque index (VPI), bleeding on probing (BOP), and color variation were considered as the primary outcomes. Operating time and patient satisfaction were also assessed as secondary outcomes. Fisher's exact test was performed to analyze the association between the primary and secondary outcomes and the study groups. Mann-Whitney test was used to compare the mean VAS satisfaction scores between the conventional PMMA and 3D-printed groups (STATA 14™, with an α = 0.05). RESULTS A total of 42 provisional single crowns (n = 21) were made for 33 patients. Only the fracture parameter (FDI) showed a statistically significant difference, with 3D-printed provisionals exhibiting higher rates of catastrophic failures compared to conventional ones (p = 0.05). Although the operating time for the 3D-printed group was shorter (p < 0.001), no statistical difference observed in patients' satisfaction regarding esthetics, phonetics, chewing, or comfort. SIGNIFICANCE 3D-printed and conventional PMMA provisional single crowns showed comparable clinical performance, except for the observed fracture types. Although 3D-printed provisional restorations showed a shorter operating time, overall patients' satisfaction was not affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Angeloni de Souza
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil; Program in Dentistry, Mercosur Dental Educational Institute, Brazil
| | - Matheus Coelho Blois
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil; Program in Dentistry, Mercosur Dental Educational Institute, Brazil
| | - Kaue Collares
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
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Yang J, Hao Z, Xu J, Wang J, Jiang X. Fusion machine learning model predicts CAD-CAM ceramic colors and the corresponding minimal thicknesses over various clinical backgrounds. Dent Mater 2024; 40:285-296. [PMID: 37996303 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2023.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study has developed and optimized a machine learning model to accurately predict the final colors of CAD-CAM ceramics and determine their required minimum thicknesses to cover different clinical backgrounds. METHODS A total of 120 ceramic specimens (2 mm, 1 mm and 0.5 mm thickness; n = 10) of four CAD-CAM ceramics - IPS e.max, IPS ZirCAD, Upcera Li CAD and Upcera TT CAD - were studied. The CIELab coordinates (L*, a* and b*) of each specimen were obtained over seven different clinical backgrounds (A1, A2, A3.5, ND2, ND7, cobalt-chromium alloy (CC) and medium precious alloy (MPA)) using a digital spectrophotometer. The color difference (ΔE) and lightness difference (ΔL) results were submitted to 39 different models. The prediction results from the top-performing models were used to develop a fusion model via the Stacking integrated learning method for best-fitting prediction. The SHapley Additive exPlanation (SHAP) was performed to interpret the feature importance. RESULTS The fusion model, which combined the ExtraTreesRegressor (ET) and XGBRegressor (XGB) models, demonstrated minimal prediction errors (R2 = 0.9) in the external testing sets. Among the investigated variables, thickness and background colors (CC and MPA) majorly influenced the final color of restoration. To achieve perfect aesthetic restoration (ΔE<2.6), at least 1.9 mm IPS ZirCAD or 1.6 mm Upcera TT CAD were required to cover the CC background, while two tested glass-ceramics did not meet the requirements even with thicknesses over 2 mm. SIGNIFICANCE The fusion model provided a promising tool for automate decision-making in material selection with minimal thickness over various clinical background.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Yang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Advanced Dental Technology and Materials, Shanghai, China
| | - Zezhou Hao
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiani Xu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Advanced Dental Technology and Materials, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Advanced Dental Technology and Materials, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xinquan Jiang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Advanced Dental Technology and Materials, Shanghai, China.
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Rençber Kızılkaya A, Kara A. Impact of different CAD software programs on marginal and internal fit of provisional crowns: An in vitro study. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24205. [PMID: 38293389 PMCID: PMC10824774 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Statement of the problem Different CAD software programs used for designing crowns show variations in marginal and internal fit. Marginal and internal discrepancies may cause poorly fitting crowns. Purpose The aim of this study was to compare the marginal and internal fit of single crown temporary restorations designed using three different CAD software programs. Materials and methods Dentbird, Exocad and Inlab 20 were used to design temporary single crowns using the same cement gap. Three experimental groups (n = 10/group) were formed based on the CAD software used. Geomagic Control X three-dimensional analysis software was used to compare the marginal and internal fit among the groups. Measurements were obtained at nine different thickness points. IBM SPSS Statistics, version 22 was used for all statistical analyses. Results Among the CAD software programs tested, Dentbird produced the best internal fit on the buccal surface and the best marginal fit on both buccal and mesial surfaces. Exocad achieved the best values on the distal surface for both internal and marginal fit, while Inlab showed the best values on the mesial surface for internal fit and on the palatal surface for marginal fit. Conclusions The Dentbird CAD software program provided the most accurate fit values that closely matched the design. The marginal and internal fit oftemporary crowns may vary depending on the CAD software used.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aybuke Kara
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
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Pontevedra P, Lopez-Suarez C, Rodriguez V, Tobar C, Pelaez J, Suarez MJ. Digital workflow for monolithic and veneered zirconia and metal-ceramic posterior fixed partial dentures: A five-year prospective randomized clinical trial. J Prosthodont Res 2024; 68:78-84. [PMID: 36990752 DOI: 10.2186/jpr.jpr_d_22_00237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate and compare the survival, success rates, and biological and technical complications of three-unit posterior monolithic and veneered zirconia and metal-ceramic (MC) posterior fixed partial dentures (FPDs) fabricated using a digital workflow and computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) over a 5-year follow-up.Methods Ninety patients in need of three-unit posterior FPDs were randomized to receive monolithic zirconia (MZ), veneered zirconia (VZ), and MC restorations (n = 30 each). Teeth preparations were scanned using an intraoral scanner, and restorations were milled and cemented with resin cement. Clinical performance and periodontal parameters were assessed at baseline and yearly up to 5 years after insertion. Data analysis was performed using the Kaplan-Meier method, Friedman test, and Wilcoxon signed-rank test with Bonferroni correction and Mann-Whitney U test.Results The 5-year survival rates of the MZ, VZ, and MC FPDs were 87%, 97%, and 100%, respectively (P = 0.04). Most complications were biological in nature. Only one MZ FPD fractured 58 months after placement. All the restorations were assessed as satisfactory at each recall. Differences were found in the gingival index score over time in the VZ and MC groups. The margin index remained stable throughout the follow-up period in both zirconia groups.Conclusions The results of this study suggest that using a digital workflow to fabricate posterior FPDs is an adequate treatment option and that monolithic zirconia could be a viable alternative to metal-ceramic or veneered zirconia. However, further long-term studies are necessary to provide stronger evidence in patients with bruxism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Pontevedra
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Buccofacial Prosthesis, Faculty of Odontology, University Complutense of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Lopez-Suarez
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Buccofacial Prosthesis, Faculty of Odontology, University Complutense of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Veronica Rodriguez
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Buccofacial Prosthesis, Faculty of Odontology, University Complutense of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Celia Tobar
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Buccofacial Prosthesis, Faculty of Odontology, University Complutense of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesus Pelaez
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Buccofacial Prosthesis, Faculty of Odontology, University Complutense of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria J Suarez
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Buccofacial Prosthesis, Faculty of Odontology, University Complutense of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Lee CG, Jin G, Lim JH, Liu Y, Afrashtehfar KI, Kim JE. Influence of hydrothermal aging on the shear bond strength of 3D printed denture-base resin to different relining materials. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2024; 149:106221. [PMID: 37976994 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2023.106221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study evaluated the repairability of three-dimensional printed (3DP) denture bases based on different conventional relining materials and aging. MATERIAL AND METHODS The groups for surface characterization (surface-roughness and contact-angle measurements) were divided based on the denture base and surface treatment. Shear bond strength test and failure-mode analysis were conducted by a combination of three variables: denture base, relining materials, and hydrothermal aging (HA). The initial characterization involved quantifying the surface roughness (n = 10) and contact angle (n = 10) of denture base specimens with and without sandblasting (SB) treatment. Four relining materials (Kooliner [K], Vertex Self-Curing [V], Tokuyama Rebase II (Normal) [T], and Ufi Gel Hard [U]) were applied to 3DP, heat-cured (HC), and self-cured (SC) denture-base resin specimens. Shear bond strength (n = 15) and failure-mode analyses (n = 15) were performed before and after HA, along with evaluations of the fractured surfaces (n = 4). Statistical analyses were performed using a two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) for surface characterization, and a three-way ANOVA was conducted for shear bond strength. RESULTS The surface roughness peaked in HC groups and increased after SB. The 3DP group displayed significantly lower contact angles, which increased after treatment, similar to the surface roughness. The shear bond strength was significantly lower for 3DP and HC denture bases than for SC denture bases, and peaked for U at 10.65 ± 1.88 MPa (mean ± SD). HA decreased the shear bond strength relative to untreated samples. Furthermore, 3DP, HC, and SC mainly showed mixed or cohesive failures with V, T, and U. K, on the other hand, trended toward adhesive failures when bonded with HC and SC. CONCLUSION This study has validated the repairability of 3DP dentures through relining them with common materials used in clinical practice. The repairability of the 3DP denture base was on par with that of conventional materials, but it decreased after aging. Notably, U, which had a postadhesive application, proved to be the most effective material for repairing 3DP dentures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan-Gyu Lee
- Department of Prosthodontics, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea; Oral Science Research Center, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
| | - Gan Jin
- Department of Prosthodontics, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea; Oral Science Research Center, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jung-Hwa Lim
- Department of Prosthodontics, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yunqi Liu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea; Oral Science Research Center, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kelvin I Afrashtehfar
- Division of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Ajman University, University Street, Al Jerf 1, 346 Ajman, United Arab Emirates; Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Gerodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, 3010, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Jong-Eun Kim
- Department of Prosthodontics, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
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Schierz O, Hirsch C, Krey KF, Ganss C, Kämmerer PW, Schlenz MA. DIGITAL DENTISTRY AND ITS IMPACT ON ORAL HEALTH-RELATED QUALITY OF LIFE. J Evid Based Dent Pract 2024; 24:101946. [PMID: 38401951 DOI: 10.1016/j.jebdp.2023.101946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
Over the past 50 years, digitization has gradually taken root in dentistry, starting with computer tomography in the 1970s. The most disruptive events in digital dentistry were the introduction of digital workflow and computer-aided manufacturing, which made new procedures and materials available for dental use. While the conventional lab-based workflow requires light or chemical curing under inconsistent and suboptimal conditions, computer-aided manufacturing allows for industrial-grade material, ensuring consistently high material quality. In addition, many other innovative, less disruptive, but relevant approaches have been developed in digital dentistry. These will have or already impact prevention, diagnosis, and therapy, thus impacting patients' oral health and, consequently, their oral health-related quality of life. Both software and hardware approaches attempt to maintain, restore, or optimize a patient's perceived oral health. This article outlines innovations in dentistry and their potential impact on patients' oral health-related quality of life in prevention and therapy. Furthermore, possible future developments and their potential implications are characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Schierz
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Material Sciences, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Christian Hirsch
- Clinic of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Karl-Friedrich Krey
- Department of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Orthopedics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Carolina Ganss
- Department for Operative Dentistry, Endodontics, and Pediatric Dentistry, Section Cariology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Peer W Kämmerer
- Department of Oral- and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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Alotaibi H, Al-Otibi F, Alharbi R, ALshwuaiman G, Altwaijri S, Alfouzan A, Altaweel S, Alshehri H, Binrayes A, Labban N. Assessing the effect of Artemisia sieberi extracts on surface roughness and candida growth of digitally processed denture acrylic materials. Technol Health Care 2024; 32:2629-2641. [PMID: 38517819 DOI: 10.3233/thc-231767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Denture stomatitis, frequently encountered, is generally addressed symptomatically, with limited exploration of preventive approaches involving antifungal medicinal plants. OBJECTIVE This study assessed the impact of Artemisia sieberi extracts on the candida growth of conventional and digitally processed acrylic materials. METHOD Thirty acrylic resin discs (3 mm thickness × 10 mm diameter) were prepared by conventional or CAD/CAM technology (milling and 3D printing). The resin discs were exposed to simulated brushing, thermocycling, and immersion in Artemisia sieberi extract for 8 hours. The surface roughness of the discs was assessed at baseline and after immersion in Artemisia sieberi extract. Candida growth was quantified through colony-forming units (CFU/mL). Data was analyzed using SPSS v.22 (α⩽ 0.05). RESULTS Irrespective of the material type, the post-immersion surface roughness was significantly higher compared to pre-immersion values (p< 0.05). Candida growth was significantly higher in conventional acrylic materials than digitally fabricated acrylics (p< 0.05). At × 3, Ra and CFU were found to be moderately positive and non-significantly correlated (R= 0.664, p= 0.149). At × 4, Ra and CFU were found to be weak positive and non-significantly correlated (R= 0.344, p= 0.503). CONCLUSION Artemisia sieberi extracts had a notable impact on digitally fabricated denture acrylics, reducing candida albicans growth compared to conventional heat-cured acrylic. This suggests a potential role for these extracts in improving denture hygiene and preventing denture stomatitis, particularly in the context of digitally fabricated dentures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan Alotaibi
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatimah Al-Otibi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Raedah Alharbi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghada ALshwuaiman
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shahad Altwaijri
- Department of Prosthodontics, Majmaah University, AlMajmaah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Prosthodontics, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Afnan Alfouzan
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sara Altaweel
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Huda Alshehri
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz Binrayes
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nawaf Labban
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Alfaraj A, Khanlar LN, Lin WS, Zandinejad A. Exploring the impact of the extent of the partially edentulous area on the accuracy of two intraoral scanners. J Prosthet Dent 2024; 131:163.e1-163.e8. [PMID: 37891042 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2023.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM The accuracy of intraoral scans, particularly in edentulous areas, remains a concern despite the increasing use of digital technology, especially intraoral scanners. PURPOSE The purpose of this in vitro study was to assess the impact of the extent of an edentulous area on the accuracy (trueness and precision) of intraoral scans from 2 intraoral scanners. MATERIAL AND METHODS A KaVo dentoform with epoxy resin teeth was used to generate 9 groups with different numbers of teeth removed. A laboratory scanner served as the reference dataset, and 2 intraoral scanners (TRIOS 3 and Primescan AC) were evaluated. A single operator performed all scans following standardized protocols and calibration. Trueness and precision were assessed by using root mean square (RMS) values. Analysis of variance was used to compare trueness and precision values obtained from the 2 scanners and different partially edentulous conditions (α=.05). RESULTS A significant difference was found in the trueness of intraoral scans of the 2 scanners and under different partially edentulous extensions. Primescan AC exhibited significantly lower trueness than TRIOS 3 (P<.001). For the individual edentulous conditions, Primescan had a significantly higher RMS mean than TRIOS 3 for G0, G3, G4, G6, G7, and G8 (P<.001) and a significantly lower RMS mean than TRIOS 3 for G1 and G4 (P<.001), while no significant difference in RMS mean was found between the 2 scanners for G2 (P=.999). For precision, no significant difference was found between the 2 scanners or different edentulous conditions [(F 8, 90)=1.82, P=.085]. CONCLUSIONS The accuracy of intraoral scans was influenced by the length of edentulous areas and the scanner used. Primescan AC demonstrated lower trueness than TRIOS 3 for most partially edentulous conditions, while the scanners were similar in precision. These findings highlight the need for careful scanner selection in specific clinical situations, as scanning accuracy may vary depending on the scanner and edentulous condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal Alfaraj
- Visting Clinical Faculty, Department of Prosthodontics, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, Ind.
| | - Leila Nasiry Khanlar
- Assistant Professor, A.T.Still University, Missouri School of Dentistry & Oral Health, Kirksville, Mo
| | - Wei-Shao Lin
- Professor, Chair, Department of Prosthodontics, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, Ind
| | - Amirali Zandinejad
- Private practice, Arlington, Texas; Adjunct Assistant Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY; and Visiting Clinical Faculty, Department of Prosthodontics, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, Ind
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Alsarani MM. Influence of aging process and restoration thickness on the fracture resistance of provisional crowns: A comparative study. Saudi Dent J 2023; 35:939-945. [PMID: 38107052 PMCID: PMC10724475 DOI: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2023.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The advancement of digital dentistry enhanced the fabrication of indirect provisional restorations utilizing durable materials, yet the performance of provisional crowns fabricated with various techniques, and different thickness remains unknown. Thus, this in-vitro study aimed to evaluate the influence of restoration thickness and aging on the fracture behavior of provisional crowns fabricated using different techniques. Methods A dentiform maxillary first molar was prepared using a highly filled epoxy resin material to construct identical die replicas. Four groups of provisional crowns were fabricated: Group 1 was milled at 1.5 mm occlusal thickness; Group 2 was milled at 0.9 mm thickness; Group 3 was 3D-printed at 1.5 mm occlusal thickness; and Group 4 was 3D-printed at 0.9 mm occlusal thickness. Eight crowns from each group were subjected to a thermocycling process for 5000 cycles between baths held at 5 °C and 55 °C with a dwell time of 30 s and transfer time of 5 s. All crowns (aged and non-aged (control)) were loaded for fracturing using a universal testing machine at a 0.5 mm/min crosshead speed. Data were analyzed using a two-way analysis of variance and multiple comparisons at (α = 0.05). Results The maximum mean force load was found in the non-aged milled group (M1.5) at 1706.36 ± 124.07 N; the minimum mean force load was recorded for the aged 3D-printed group (3D0.9) at 552.49 ± 173.46 N. A significant difference was observed before and after thermocycling (p < 0.01). Conclusion Computer-aided design and manufacture of milled provisional crowns is superior to 3D-printed crowns for fracture resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majed M. Alsarani
- Dental Health Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, KSU, Building 24, Office: 2201, Riyadh 12372, Saudi Arabia
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Jindanil T, Marinho-Vieira LE, de-Azevedo-Vaz SL, Jacobs R. A unique artificial intelligence-based tool for automated CBCT segmentation of mandibular incisive canal. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 2023; 52:20230321. [PMID: 37870152 DOI: 10.1259/dmfr.20230321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To develop and validate a novel artificial intelligence (AI) tool for automated segmentation of mandibular incisive canal on cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans. METHODS After ethical approval, a data set of 200 CBCT scans were selected and categorized into training (160), validation (20), and test (20) sets. CBCT scans were imported into Virtual Patient Creator and ground truth for training and validation were manually segmented by three oral radiologists in multiplanar reconstructions. Intra- and interobserver analysis for human segmentation variability was performed on 20% of the data set. Segmentations were imported into Mimics for standardization. Resulting files were imported to 3-Matic for analysis using surface- and voxel-based methods. Evaluation metrics involved time efficiency, analysis metrics including Dice Similarity Coefficient (DSC), Intersection over Union (IoU), Root mean square error (RMSE), precision, recall, accuracy, and consistency. These values were calculated considering AI-based segmentation and refined-AI segmentation compared to manual segmentation. RESULTS Average time for AI-based segmentation, refined-AI segmentation and manual segmentation was 00:10, 08:09, and 47:18 (284-fold time reduction). AI-based segmentation showed mean values of DSC 0.873, IoU 0.775, RMSE 0.256 mm, precision 0.837 and recall 0.890 while refined-AI segmentation provided DSC 0.876, IoU 0.781, RMSE 0.267 mm, precision 0. 852 and recall 0.902 with the accuracy of 0.998 for both methods. The consistency was one for AI-based segmentation and 0.910 for manual segmentation. CONCLUSIONS An innovative AI-tool for automated segmentation of mandibular incisive canal on CBCT scans was proofed to be accurate, time efficient, and highly consistent, serving pre-surgical planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanatchaporn Jindanil
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, OMFS-IMPATH Research Group, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Luiz Eduardo Marinho-Vieira
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, OMFS-IMPATH Research Group, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Division of Oral Radiology, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | | | - Reinhilde Jacobs
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, OMFS-IMPATH Research Group, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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Su S, Liu YM, Zhan LP, Gao SY, He C, Zhang Q, Huang XF. Evaluation of the accuracy of cone-beam computed tomography image segmentation of isolated tooth roots based on the dynamic threshold method. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:752. [PMID: 37833773 PMCID: PMC10571368 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03423-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Accurate quantification of the root surface area (RSA) plays a decisive role in the advancement of periodontal, orthodontic, and restorative treatment modalities. In this study, we aimed to develop a dynamic threshold-based computer-aided system for segmentation and calculation of the RSA of isolated teeth on cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and to assess the accuracy of the measured data. METHOD We selected 24 teeth to be extracted, including single-rooted and multi-rooted teeth, from 22 patients who required tooth extraction. In the experimental group, we scanned 24 isolated teeth using CBCT with a voxel size of 0.3 mm. We designed a computer-aided system based on a personalized dynamic threshold algorithm to automatically segment the roots of 24 isolated teeth in CBCT images and calculate the RSA. In the control group, we employed digital intraoral scanner devices to perform optical scanning on 24 isolated teeth and subsequently manually segmented the roots using 3-matic software to calculate the RSA. We used the paired t-test (P < 0.05) and Bland-Altman plots to analyze the consistency of the two measurement methods. RESULTS The results of the paired t-test showed that there was no significant difference in the RSAs obtained using the dynamic threshold method and the optical scanning image reconstruction (t = 1.005, P = 0.325 > 0.05). As per the Bland-Altman plot, the results were evenly distributed within the region of ± 1.96 standard deviations of the mean, with no increasing or decreasing trends and good consistency. CONCLUSION In this study, we designed a computer-aided root segmentation system based on a personalized dynamic threshold algorithm to automatically segment the roots of isolated teeth in CBCT images with a voxel size of 0.3 mm. We found that the RSA calculated using this approach was highly accurate, and a voxel of 0.3 mm in size could accurately display the surface area data in CBCT images. Overall, our findings in this study provide a foundation for future work on accurate automatic segmentation of tooth roots in full-mouth CBCT images and the computation of RSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Su
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, 95 Yong 'an Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Yu-Meng Liu
- Department of General surgery, Beijing Huaxin Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100016, China
| | - Li-Ping Zhan
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, 95 Yong 'an Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Si-Yuan Gao
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, 95 Yong 'an Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Cai He
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, 95 Yong 'an Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, 95 Yong 'an Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Huang
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, 95 Yong 'an Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100050, China.
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Bonny T, Al Nassan W, Obaideen K, Al Mallahi MN, Mohammad Y, El-damanhoury HM. Contemporary Role and Applications of Artificial Intelligence in Dentistry. F1000Res 2023; 12:1179. [PMID: 37942018 PMCID: PMC10630586 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.140204.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies play a significant role and significantly impact various sectors, including healthcare, engineering, sciences, and smart cities. AI has the potential to improve the quality of patient care and treatment outcomes while minimizing the risk of human error. Artificial Intelligence (AI) is transforming the dental industry, just like it is revolutionizing other sectors. It is used in dentistry to diagnose dental diseases and provide treatment recommendations. Dental professionals are increasingly relying on AI technology to assist in diagnosis, clinical decision-making, treatment planning, and prognosis prediction across ten dental specialties. One of the most significant advantages of AI in dentistry is its ability to analyze vast amounts of data quickly and accurately, providing dental professionals with valuable insights to enhance their decision-making processes. The purpose of this paper is to identify the advancement of artificial intelligence algorithms that have been frequently used in dentistry and assess how well they perform in terms of diagnosis, clinical decision-making, treatment, and prognosis prediction in ten dental specialties; dental public health, endodontics, oral and maxillofacial surgery, oral medicine and pathology, oral & maxillofacial radiology, orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics, pediatric dentistry, periodontics, prosthodontics, and digital dentistry in general. We will also show the pros and cons of using AI in all dental specialties in different ways. Finally, we will present the limitations of using AI in dentistry, which made it incapable of replacing dental personnel, and dentists, who should consider AI a complimentary benefit and not a threat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talal Bonny
- Department of Computer Engineering, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Wafaa Al Nassan
- Department of Computer Engineering, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Khaled Obaideen
- Sustainable Energy and Power Systems Research Centre, RISE, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Maryam Nooman Al Mallahi
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain City, Abu Dhabi, 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Yara Mohammad
- College of Engineering and Information Technology, Ajman University, Ajman University, Ajman, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hatem M. El-damanhoury
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates
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Abad-Coronel C, Ruano Espinosa C, Ordóñez Palacios S, Paltán CA, Fajardo JI. Comparative Analysis between Conventional Acrylic, CAD/CAM Milled, and 3D CAD/CAM Printed Occlusal Splints. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:6269. [PMID: 37763547 PMCID: PMC10532716 DOI: 10.3390/ma16186269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
The development of digital technologies has allowed for the fabrication of new materials; however, it makes it difficult to choose the best methods to obtain occlusal splints with optimal properties, so it is essential to evaluate the effectiveness of these materials. The aim of the study is to compare the fracture resistance of occlusal splints made of different materials after thermo-mechanical aging. METHODS A total of 32 samples were made from 4 materials (two 3D printed polymeric materials, a PMMA disc for CAD/CAM, and a conventional heat-cured acrylic resin); subsequently, the fracture test was performed using the load compression mode applied occlusally on the splint surface. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Four statistical tests were used (Shapiro-Wilk, Levene's test, ANOVA, and Tukey's HSD test). RESULTS The following study showed that there are differences in fracture strength among the four materials investigated, where the highest strength was observed in the milled splint, with a mean of 3051.2 N (newton) compared to the strength of the flexible splint with 1943.4 N, the printed splint with 1489.9 N, and the conventional acrylic splint with 1303.9 N. CONCLUSIONS The milled splints were the most resistant to fracture. Of the printed splints, the splint made with flexural rigid resin withstood the applied forces in acceptable ranges, so its clinical indication may be viable. Although the results of this research indicated differences in the mechanical properties between the CAD/CAM and conventional fabrication methods, the selection may also be influenced by processing time and cost, since with a CAD/CAM system there is a significant reduction in the production time of the splint material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Abad-Coronel
- CAD/CAM Materials and Digital Dentistry Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Cuenca, Cuenca 010204, Ecuador
| | | | | | - César A. Paltán
- New Materials and Transformation Processes Research Group GiMaT, Universidad Politécnica Salesiana, Cuenca 010105, Ecuador; (C.A.P.); (J.I.F.)
| | - Jorge I. Fajardo
- New Materials and Transformation Processes Research Group GiMaT, Universidad Politécnica Salesiana, Cuenca 010105, Ecuador; (C.A.P.); (J.I.F.)
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Abad-Coronel C, Pazán DP, Hidalgo L, Larriva Loyola J. Comparative Analysis between 3D-Printed Models Designed with Generic and Dental-Specific Software. Dent J (Basel) 2023; 11:216. [PMID: 37754336 PMCID: PMC10529710 DOI: 10.3390/dj11090216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
With the great demand in the market for new dental software, the need has been seen to carry out a precision study for applications in digital dentistry, for which there is no comparative study, and there is a general ignorance regarding their applications. The purpose of this study was to investigate the accuracy differences between digital impressions obtained using generic G-CAD (general CAD) and D-CAD (CAD dental) software. Today, there is a difference between the design software used in dentistry and these in common use. Thus, it is necessary to make a comparison of precision software for specific and generic dental use. We hypothesized that there is no significant difference between the software for specific and general dental use. METHODS A typodont was digitized with an intraoral scanner and the models obtained were exported in STL format to four different softwares (Autodesk MeshMixer 3.5, Exocad Dental, Blender for dental, and InLAB). The STL files obtained by each software were materialized using a 3D printer. The printed models were scanned and exported in STL files, with which six pairs of groups were formed. The groups were compared using analysis software (3D Geomagic Control X) by superimposing them in the initial alignment order and using the best fit method. RESULTS There were no significant differences between the four analyzed software types; however, group 4, composed of the combination of D-CAD (Blender-InLAB), obtained the highest average (-0.0324 SD = 0.0456), with a higher accuracy compared to the group with the lowest average (group 5, composed of the combination of the Meshmixer and Blender models), a generic software and a specific software (0.1024 SD = 0.0819). CONCLUSION Although no evidence of significant difference was found regarding the accuracy of 3D models produced by G-CAD and D-CAD, combinations of groups where specific dental design software was present showed higher accuracy (precision and trueness). The comparison of the 3D graphics obtained with the superimposition of the digital meshes of the printed models performed with the help of the analysis software using the best fit method, replicating the same five reference points for the six groups formed, evidenced a greater tolerance in the groups using D-CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Abad-Coronel
- CAD/CAM Materials and Digital Dentistry Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Cuenca, Cuenca 010107, Ecuador
| | - Doménica Patricia Pazán
- Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Cuenca, Cuenca 010101, Ecuador; (D.P.P.); (L.H.); (J.L.L.)
| | - Lorena Hidalgo
- Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Cuenca, Cuenca 010101, Ecuador; (D.P.P.); (L.H.); (J.L.L.)
| | - Jaime Larriva Loyola
- Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Cuenca, Cuenca 010101, Ecuador; (D.P.P.); (L.H.); (J.L.L.)
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Hatamleh MM, Maqableh AM, Al-Wahadni A, Al-Rabab'ah MA. Mechanical properties and bonding of maxillofacial silicone elastomer mixed with nano-sized anti-microbials. Dent Mater 2023; 39:677. [PMID: 37271602 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2023.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The antibacterial efficacy of silicone is improved by impregnating it with antimicrobials such as chlorohexidine and zinc oxide. The purpose of this study was to examine mechanical properties and bonding of maxillofacial silicone elastomer mixed with Zinc Oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NP), and Chlorohexidine Diacetate Salt (CHX) at three different concentrations (1 %, 3 %, and 5 %). METHODS Specimens of a silicone elastomer (M511) were prepared and divided into 7 groups. Group 1 was control of no additive. Groups 2-4 included silicone elastomer mixed with ZnO-NP (surface area = 67 m2/g) at 3 different concentrations (by weight %); 1 %, 3 % and 5 %. Groups 5-7 included silicone elastomer mixed with CHX at the same concentrations. Tear and tensile strengths, elongation percentage, modulus of elasticity, and shear bond strength to primed acrylic resin surfaces were evaluated. Data was analyzed with 1-way ANOVA, Bonferroni, and Dunnett's T3 post-hoc tests (P < 0.05). RESULTS There was significant effect of the additives on the tensile strength, elongation percentage, tear strength, and shear bond strength (P < 0.05). Shear bond strengths ranged from 0.55 to 0.96 MPa. Silicone elastomer mixed with CHX (5 %) resulted in the highest shear bond strength (P < 0.05). Non-linear regressions between tensile strength and ZnO and CHX additives were 0.95 and 0.96 respectively. SIGNIFICANCE All additives reduced the tensile strength of the silicone. However, CHX at 5 % optimized shear bond strength and thus is proposed in order to fabricate maxillofacial prostheses of sufficient mechanical properties, bonding and antimicrobial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhanad M Hatamleh
- School of Applied Medical Science, Luminus Technical University College (LTUC), Amman, Jordan.
| | - Ayman M Maqableh
- School of Electro-Mechanical Engineering, Luminus Technical University College (LTUC), Amman, Jordan
| | - Ahed Al-Wahadni
- Faculty of Dentistry, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
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Cevik P, Yildirim AZ, Demir Sevinc EH, Gonder A, Kiat-Amnuay S. Using Peek as a Framework Material for Maxillofacial Silicone Prosthesis: An In Vitro Study. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:2694. [PMID: 37376341 DOI: 10.3390/polym15122694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
There are often bonding problems between acrylic resins and silicone. PEEK (polyetheretherketone), which is a high-performance polymer, has great potential for the implant, and fixed or removable prosthodontics. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different surface treatments on PEEK to be bonded to maxillofacial silicone elastomers. A total of 48 specimens were fabricated from either PEEK or PMMA (Polymethylmethacrylate) (n = 8). PMMA specimens acted as a positive control group. PEEK specimens were divided into five study groups as surface treatments as control PEEK, silica-coating, plasma etching, grinding, or nano-second fiber laser. Surface topographies were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). A platinum-primer was used on top of all specimens including control groups prior to silicone polymerization. The peel bond strength of the specimens to a platinum-type silicone elastomer was tested at a cross-head speed of 5 mm/min. The data were statistically analyzed (α = 0.05). The control PEEK group showed the highest bond strength (p < 0.05) among the groups. No statistical difference was found between control PEEK, grinding, or plasma etching groups (p > 0.05). The lowest bond strength was seen in the laser group, which was not statistically different from silica-coating (p > 0.05), and statistically different from control PEEK, grinding, or plasma groups (p < 0.05). Positive control PMMA specimens had statistically lower bond strength than either control PEEK or plasma etching groups (p < 0.05). All specimens exhibited adhesive failure after a peel test. The study results indicate that PEEK could serve as a potential alternative substructure for implant-retained silicone prostheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinar Cevik
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Gazi University, Ankara 06490, Turkey
- Department of General Practice and Dental Public Health, School of Dentistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77054, USA
- Houston Center of Biomaterials and Biomimetics, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Arzu Zeynep Yildirim
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Gazi University, Ankara 06490, Turkey
| | | | - Aykut Gonder
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Gazi University, Ankara 06490, Turkey
| | - Sudarat Kiat-Amnuay
- Department of General Practice and Dental Public Health, School of Dentistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77054, USA
- Houston Center of Biomaterials and Biomimetics, Houston, TX 77054, USA
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Lukomska-Szymanska M, Radwanski M, Kharouf N, Mancino D, Tassery H, Caporossi C, Inchingolo F, de Almeida Neves A, Chou YF, Sauro S. Evaluation of Physical-Chemical Properties of Contemporary CAD/CAM Materials with Chromatic Transition "Multicolor". MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:4189. [PMID: 37297323 PMCID: PMC10254467 DOI: 10.3390/ma16114189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The use of materials for computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) has been rapidly increasing in daily practice. However, one of the main issues regarding modern CAD/CAM materials is their aging in the oral environment, which may lead to significant changes in their overall properties. The aim of this study was to compare the flexural strength, water sorption, cross-link density (softening ratio%), surface roughness, and SEM analysis of three modern CAD/CAM "multicolor" composites. Grandio (Grandio disc multicolor-VOCO GmbH, Cuxhaven, Germany), Shofu (Shofu Block HC-Shofu Inc., Kyoto, Japan), and Vita (Vita Enamic multiColor-Vita Zahnfabrik, Bad Sackingen, Germany) were tested in this study. They were prepared in stick-shaped specimens and submitted to different tests after several aging protocols, such as thermocycling and mechanical cycle loading challenge. Further disc-shaped specimens were also created and tested for water sorption, cross-link density, surface roughness, and SEM ultramorphology, before and after storage in an ethanol-based solution. For flexural strength and ultimate tensile strength, Grandio showed the greatest values both at baseline and after aging (p < 0.05). Grandio and Vita Enamic presented the highest modulus of elasticity and the lowest water sorption (p < 0.05). A significant reduction (p < 0.05) in microhardness after ethanol storage (softening ratio%) was observed especially in Shofu. Grandio had the lowest roughness parameters compared to the other tested CAD/CAM materials, while ethanol storage significantly increased the Ra and RSm values in Shofu (p < 0.05). Despite the comparable modulus of elasticity of Vita and Grandio, this latter showed greater flexural strength and ultimate tensile strength both at baseline and after aging. Hence, Grandio and Vita Enamic may be employed for the anterior teeth and for those restorations requiring load-bearing capacity. Conversely, aging seems to affect several properties of Shofu, so its use for permanent restorations should be well-pondered based on the clinical situation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mateusz Radwanski
- Department of Endodontics, Medical University of Lodz, 251 Pomorska Str., 92-213 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Naji Kharouf
- Department of Endodontics and Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Strasbourg University, 67000 Strasbourg, France; (N.K.)
- Department of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, INSERM UMR_S 1121, Strasbourg University, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Davide Mancino
- Department of Endodontics and Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Strasbourg University, 67000 Strasbourg, France; (N.K.)
- Department of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, INSERM UMR_S 1121, Strasbourg University, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Herve Tassery
- Ecole de Médecine Dentaire de Marseille, Université d’Aix-Marseille, 13385 Marseille, France
- Laboratoire Bioinginierie et Nanoscience, LBN, Université de Montpellier, 545 Pr JL Viala, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | | | - Francesco Inchingolo
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Aline de Almeida Neves
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-853, Brazil
| | - Yu Fu Chou
- Dental Biomaterials and Minimally Invasive Dentistry, Departamento de Odontología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad CEU-Cardenal Herrera, C/Del Pozo s/n, Alfara del Patriarca, 46115 Valencia, Spain
| | - Salvatore Sauro
- Independent Researcher, Roma, 65B, 00030 Labico, Italy
- Dental Biomaterials and Minimally Invasive Dentistry, Departamento de Odontología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad CEU-Cardenal Herrera, C/Del Pozo s/n, Alfara del Patriarca, 46115 Valencia, Spain
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Hou C, Zhu HZ, Xue B, Song HJ, Yang YB, Wang XX, Sun HQ. New clinical application of digital intraoral scanning technology in occlusal reconstruction: A case report. World J Clin Cases 2023; 11:3522-3532. [PMID: 37383897 PMCID: PMC10294190 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v11.i15.3522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Digital intraoral scanning, although developing rapidly, is rarely used in occlusal reconstruction. To compensate for the technical drawbacks of current occlusal reconstruction techniques, such as time consumption and high technical requirements, digital intraoral scanning can be used in clinics. This report aims to provide a way of selecting the most suitable maxillo-mandibular relationship (MMR) during recovery.
CASE SUMMARY A 68-year-old man with severely worn posterior teeth underwent occlusal reconstruction with fixed prosthesis using digital intraoral scanning. A series of digital models in different stages of treatment were obtained, subsequently compared, and selected using digital intraoral scanning together with traditional measurements, such as cone beam computed tomography, joint imaging, and clinical examination. Using digital intraoral scanning, the MMR in different stages of treatment was accurately recorded, which provided feasibility for deciding the best occlusal reconstruction treatment, made the treatment process easier, and improved patient satisfaction.
CONCLUSION This case report highlights the clarity, recordability, repeatability, and selectivity of digital intraoral scanning to replicate and transfer the MMR during occlusal reconstruction, expanding new perspectives for its design, fabrication, and postoperative evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Hou
- Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250010, Shandong Province, China
- Department of Stomatology, Zaozhuang Municipal Hospital, Zaozhuang 277100, Shandong Province, China
| | - Hua-Zhang Zhu
- Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250010, Shandong Province, China
| | - Bai Xue
- Department of Audit, Shandong Youth Political College, Jinan 250103, Shandong Province, China
| | - Hong-Jie Song
- Department of Stomatology, Chengdu Second People’s Hospital, Chengdu 610021, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Ying-Bei Yang
- Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250010, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xiao-Xue Wang
- Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250010, Shandong Province, China
| | - Hui-Qiang Sun
- Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
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Martins JNR, Pinto R, Silva EJNL, Simões-Carvalho M, Marques D, Martins RF, Versiani MA. 3D Surface Scanning-A Novel Protocol to Characterize Virtual Nickel-Titanium Endodontic Instruments. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:3636. [PMID: 37241263 PMCID: PMC10222178 DOI: 10.3390/ma16103636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The nickel-titanium (NiTi) instruments' geometry plays an important role in their performance and behavior. The present assessment intends to validate and test the applicability of a 3D surface scanning method using a high-resolution laboratory-based optical scanner to create reliable virtual models of NiTi instruments. Sixteen instruments were scanned using a 12-megapixel optical 3D scanner, and methodological validation was performed by comparing quantitative and qualitative measurements of specific dimensions and identifying some geometric features of the 3D models with images obtained through scanning electron microscopy. Additionally, the reproducibility of the method was assessed by calculating 2D and 3D parameters of three different instruments twice. The quality of the 3D models created by two different optical scanners and a micro-CT device was compared. The 3D surface scanning method using the high-resolution laboratory-based optical scanner allowed for the creation of reliable and precise virtual models of different NiTi instruments with discrepancies varying from 0.0002 to 0.0182 mm. The reproducibility of measurements performed with this method was high, and the acquired virtual models were adequate for use in in silico experiments, as well as for commercial or educational purposes. The quality of the 3D model obtained using the high-resolution optical scanner was superior to that acquired by micro-CT technology. The ability to superimpose virtual models of scanned instruments and apply them in Finite Element Analysis and educational purposes was also demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge N. R. Martins
- Faculdade de Medicina Dentária, Universidade de Lisboa, 1600-277 Lisboa, Portugal
- Grupo de Investigação em Bioquimica e Biologia Oral, Unidade de Investigação em Ciências Orais e Biomédicas (UICOB), 1600-277 Lisboa, Portugal
- Centro de Estudo de Medicina Dentária Baseada na Evidência (CEMDBE), 1600-277 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Pinto
- Faculdade de Medicina Dentária, Universidade de Lisboa, 1600-277 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Emmanuel J. N. L. Silva
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Grande Rio University (UNIGRANRIO), Rio de Janeiro 21210-623, Brazil
- Department of Endodontics, Fluminense Federal University, Niterio, Rio de Janeiro 24220-900, Brazil
| | - Marco Simões-Carvalho
- Department of Endodontics, Fluminense Federal University, Niterio, Rio de Janeiro 24220-900, Brazil
| | - Duarte Marques
- Faculdade de Medicina Dentária, Universidade de Lisboa, 1600-277 Lisboa, Portugal
- Grupo de Investigação em Bioquimica e Biologia Oral, Unidade de Investigação em Ciências Orais e Biomédicas (UICOB), 1600-277 Lisboa, Portugal
- Centro de Estudo de Medicina Dentária Baseada na Evidência (CEMDBE), 1600-277 Lisboa, Portugal
- LIBPhys-FCT UID/FIS/04559/2013, 1600-277 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Rui F. Martins
- UNIDEMI, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Marco A. Versiani
- Dental Specialty Center, Brazilian Military Police, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 30350-190, Brazil
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Alshahrani AM, Lim CH, Kim J, Zhang Y. Transient thermal stresses developed during speed sintering of 3 mol% yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystals. Dent Mater 2023; 39:522-528. [PMID: 37045719 PMCID: PMC10168597 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2023.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate transient thermal stresses that developed in 3Y-TZP green compacts during speed sintering. METHODS A total of 312 disc-shaped green compacts (Ø17.1 ×1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3 mm) were cold-isostatically pressed from 3Y-TZP powder (Zpex, Tosoh Corp.) for speed sintering studies as well as compositional analysis and biaxial flexural strength measurements (both at room temperature and following heating at 90 °C/min to 500 °C). Flexural strength was determined using the piston-on-3-ball method. Phase assemblies were analyzed using the X-ray diffraction method. Effects of heating/cooling rates on transient stresses were investigated by conducting definitive sintering studies to determine the threshold for fracture. Finite element analysis (FEA) was used to validate the experimental findings using measured thermomechanical properties. RESULTS The bulk and relative density of the green compact were 2.95 ± 0.03 g/cm3 and 48.52% ± 0.45%. The flexural strength was drastically decreased from 10.3 ± 0.4 MPa to 1.09 ± 0.07 MPa following heating at 90 °C/min to 500 °C. The monoclinic and tetragonal contents were 54.9% and 45.1%, respectively. The threshold for fracture was located at 500 °C during the first heating stage with a 90 °C/min heating rate in specimens of 2.5 mm thickness or greater. No fractures occurred in the second heating stage and cooling phase. The FEA estimated that the principal transient tensile stress was ∼1.14 MPa at 500 °C during the heating phase, which exceeded the corresponding flexural strength (1.09 ± 0.07 MPa). SIGNIFICANCE Advanced FEA methods are an accurate and efficient tool to analyze the history of transient stresses during sintering of ceramic dental restorations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulaziz M Alshahrani
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Chek Hai Lim
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jeongho Kim
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Connecticut, 261 Glenbrook Rd, U-3037, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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Robles M, Jurado CA, Azpiazu-Flores FX, Villalobos-Tinoco J, Afrashtehfar KI, Fischer NG. An Innovative 3D Printed Tooth Reduction Guide for Precise Dental Ceramic Veneers. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:216. [PMID: 37103306 PMCID: PMC10146615 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14040216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Tooth reduction guides allow clinicians to obtain the ideal space required for ceramic restorations. This case report describes a novel design (CAD) for an additive computer-aided manufactured (a-CAM) tooth reduction guide with channels that permitted access for the preparation and evaluation of the reduction with the same guide. The guide features innovative vertical and horizontal channels that permit comprehensive access for preparation and evaluation of the reduction with a periodontal probe, ensuring uniform tooth reduction and avoiding overpreparation. This approach was successfully applied to a female patient with non-carious lesions and white spot lesions, resulting in minimally invasive tooth preparations and hand-crafted laminate veneer restorations that met the patient's aesthetic demands while preserving tooth structure. Compared to traditional silicone reduction guides, this novel design offers greater flexibility, enabling clinicians to evaluate tooth reduction in all directions and providing a more comprehensive assessment. Overall, this 3D printed tooth reduction guide represents a significant advancement in dental restoration technology, offering clinicians a useful tool for achieving optimal outcomes with minimal tooth reduction. Future work is warranted to compare tooth reductions and preparation time for this guide to other 3D printed guides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Robles
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Facultad de Odontologia, Universidad Vizcaya de las Americas, Hermosillo 83240, Mexico
| | - Carlos A. Jurado
- Department of Prosthodontics, The University of Iowa College of Dentistry and Dental Clinics, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Francisco X. Azpiazu-Flores
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dr. Gerald Niznick College of Dentistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0W3, Canada
| | - Jose Villalobos-Tinoco
- Postgraduate Program in Periodontology and Implant Surgery, Facultad de Odontologia, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario S2002KTT, Argentina
| | - Kelvin I. Afrashtehfar
- Evidence-Based Practice Unit, Clinical Sciences Department, College of Dentistry, Ajman University, Ajman City P.O. Box 346, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Gerodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Nicholas G. Fischer
- Minnesota Dental Research Center for Biomaterials and Biomechanics, University of Minnesota School of Dentistry, Minneapolis, MN 55108, USA
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Sarhan MM, Khamis MM, Abdelhamid AM, Ezzelarab S. Evaluation of the virtual cement gap parameter of different CAD software programs in designing a single crown restoration: An in vitro study. J Prosthet Dent 2023; 129:777.e1-777.e7. [PMID: 37029006 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2023.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM The accuracy of different virtual cement gap parameters in designing a single crown in a computer-aided design (CAD) software program is still unclear. PURPOSE The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate and compare the virtual cement gap settings of 3 different CAD software programs used to design a single crown restoration. MATERIAL AND METHODS Three different CAD software programs (exocad, Dental System, and B4D) were evaluated for designing single crowns with similar virtual cement gap settings. Three experimental groups were created based on the CAD software program used (n=10). Three-dimensional analysis software program was used to assess the virtual cement gap in the CAD restoration. The Shapiro-Wilk test of normality was used. Comparisons were carried out by using 1-way ANOVA and the Scheffé post hoc test (α=.05). RESULTS The Dental System software program had the lowest statistical mean error values at both tooth margin (4.6 μm) and axial wall (1.5 μm), followed by B4D then exocad. At the occlusal surface, the lowest statistical mean error value of 5 μm was achieved by the Dental System followed by exocad then B4D. CONCLUSIONS Accuracy of the virtual cement gap parameter in single crown design varies based on the CAD software used. The highest accuracy was attained by the Dental System software program at all tooth surfaces, followed by B4D at the tooth margin and axial wall and by exocad at the occlusal surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moamen Mohsen Sarhan
- Assistant Lecturer of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt; and PhD student, Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed Moataz Khamis
- Professor and Chairman, Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | | | - Salah Ezzelarab
- Professor of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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Lam J, Freer E, Miles P. Comparative assessment of treatment efficiency and patient experience between Dental Monitoring and conventional monitoring of clear aligner therapy: A single-center randomized controlled trial. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2023; 163:456-464. [PMID: 36990528 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2022.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This 2-arm randomized controlled clinical trial (RCT) aimed to assess the effect of Dental Monitoring (DM) on the efficiency of clear aligner therapy (CAT) and patient experience compared with conventional monitoring (CM) used for regularly scheduled clinical appointments. METHODS Fifty-six patients with full permanent dentition treated with CAT participated in this RCT. Patients were recruited from a single private practice and treated by 1 experienced orthodontist. Randomization was performed with permutated blocks of 8 patients assigned to either a CM or DM group with allocations concealed in opaque, sealed envelopes. It was not feasible to blind subjects or investigators. The primary treatment efficiency outcome assessed was the number of appointments. Secondary outcomes included the time to reach the first refinement, the number of refinements, the total number of aligners, and treatment duration. The patient experience was assessed using a visual analog scale questionnaire administered at the end of CAT. RESULTS No patients were lost to follow-up. There was no significant difference in the number of refinements (mean = 0.1; 95% confidence interval [CI], -0.2 to 0.5; P = 0.43) and the number of total aligners (median = 5; 95% CI, -1 to 13; P = 0.09). There was a significant difference in the number of appointments, with the DM group requiring 1.5 fewer visits (95% CI, -3.3, -0.7; p = 0.02) as well as overall treatment duration, with the DM group taking 1.9 months longer (95% CI, 0.0-3.6; P = 0.04). There was a difference between study groups regarding the importance of face-to-face appointments, with the DM group not perceiving face-to-face appointments as important (P = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS DM with CAT resulted in 1.5 fewer clinical appointments and a longer treatment duration of 1.9 months. There were no significant intergroup differences in the number of refinements or total aligners. CM and DM groups had similarly high levels of satisfaction with CAT. REGISTRATION The trial was registered at Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12620000475943). PROTOCOL The protocol was published before trial commencement. FUNDING This research did not receive any grant from funding agencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Lam
- School of Dentistry, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Elissa Freer
- School of Dentistry, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Peter Miles
- Private practice, Caloundra, Queensland, Australia
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Abstract
The purpose of this article is to review current understanding of lithia-based glass-ceramics and to identify future research needs for this class of dental materials in relation to novel compositions and fabrication methods. With rapid advances in material development and digital technology, time efficiency of dental workflow and fit accuracy of ceramic restorations are ever improving. Lithia-based glass-ceramics are at the forefront of this advance-new variants with more efficient fabrication routes are continually being introduced into the marketplace. Base glass composition, crystallization heat treatment, nucleant and coloration additives, and property gradation are some pertinent variables. The trend in fabrication is to move from CAD/CAM grinding of partially crystallized glass-ceramics to fully crystallized materials, thereby circumventing the need for postmachining firing altogether. In these endeavors, a better understanding of mechanical properties and evolving shaping technologies, such as ductile grinding, is paramount. Additive manufacturing and 3-dimensional printing methodologies offer a promising alternative to current CAD/CAM subtractive manufacturing routes. Challenges to the implementation of new technologies in efficient development and production of high-quality dental glass-ceramic prostheses are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y. Zhang
- Department of Preventive and
Restorative Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania,
Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - S. Vardhaman
- Department of Preventive and
Restorative Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania,
Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - C.S. Rodrigues
- Department of Dental Materials and
Prosthodontics, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University, São
José dos Campos, Brazil
| | - B.R. Lawn
- Material Measurement Laboratory,
National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
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Schneider B, Pfaffeneder-Mantai F, Meller O, Bytyqi D, Dobbertin M, Turhani D. Dealing with abutment design errors of an osseointegrated one-piece hybrid root-analogue implant in the esthetic zone. ADVANCES IN ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.adoms.2023.100395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
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Hartshorn JE, Nair RU. Dental innovations which will influence the oral health care of baby boomers. SPECIAL CARE IN DENTISTRY 2023; 43:359-369. [PMID: 36782274 DOI: 10.1111/scd.12835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
From the widespread use of smartphones and tablets to the multitude of applications available, older adults are showing an interest in utilizing technology to maintain their independence and to improve their quality of life. As technology continues to advance and be incorporated into many day-to-day activities, the baby boom generation will see these changes affecting the way they access and utilize dental services. Innovative toothbrushes and chemotherapeutics are continuing to be developed and utilized by many older adults. Within the dental office, older adults are seeing greater application of technology in every day dental procedures. These include the use of teledentistry, artificial intelligence (AI), innovative restorative materials, digitization of fixed and removable prosthodontics, cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans to guide dental implant placement and endodontic procedures. There is also new technology to aid in cancer detection and shielding during cancer treatment. Improved communication between the medical and dental fields has become increasingly necessary to facilitate effective patient care and a few innovative healthcare systems have begun to consolidate these services. Overall, the baby boom generation will continue to see dental innovations that will change the way they experience everyday life and dental services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer E Hartshorn
- Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, The University of Iowa College of Dentistry and Dental Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Rohit U Nair
- Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, The University of Iowa College of Dentistry and Dental Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
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Zeng J, Jiang Y, Liu Y, Hu Y, Guo C, Zhou L. Research on a novel digital tooth sectioning guide system for tooth sectioning during mandibular third molar extraction: An in vitro study. JOURNAL OF STOMATOLOGY, ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY 2023; 124:101383. [PMID: 36646285 DOI: 10.1016/j.jormas.2023.101383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To construct a novel portable tooth sectioning guide to improve the accuracy of mandibular third molar extraction. METHODS First, 72 samples of an identical 3D-printed double-rooted mandibular third molar were obtained and used in 36 mandibular models. Three different models were constructed (class B vertical, mesial, and horizontal impaction). Then, we made the tooth sectioning guides. mimicking clinical tooth sectioning conditions, two dental surgeons with different levels of experience used both the digital guided technique and the traditional empirical technique during surgery. Accuracy indicators, including apical deviation and angle deviation, were analyzed and compared on postoperative cone-beam computed tomographic scanning and via image reconstruction. Descriptive statistical analyses were performed. A p-value of 0.05 indicated statistically significant differences among the groups. RESULTS Overall, the mean apical deviation of experienced/inexperienced operators using the conventional section technique was 1.120 mm (0.7 mm, 2.3 mm) and 1.54± 0.84 mm, respectively. Correspondingly, the mean apical deviation under the guided section technique was 0.28 mm (0.2 mm, 0.4 mm) and 0.32±0.16 mm, respectively. The mean angle deviations of experienced/inexperienced operators under the conventional section technique were 8.015° (3.5°, 10.5°) and 6.570° (5.5°, 14.9°). Correspondingly, the mean apical deviation using the guided section technique was 1.880° (0.4°, 2.9°) and 1.470° (0.7°, 3.1°), respectively. The conventional and guided techniques were significantly different (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS In the digital guide technique, sectioning is more predictable and accurate, and the success of the operation is achievable with different proficiencies among dental surgeons. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE This technique will not only reduce the difficulty of tooth extraction but also reduce the risk of damage to the surrounding soft and hard tissues, especially damage to the inferior alveolar nerve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zeng
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510182, China
| | - Ye Jiang
- Department of Endodontics, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510182, China
| | - Yudong Liu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510182, China
| | - Yongxin Hu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510182, China
| | - Chenmiao Guo
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510182, China
| | - Libin Zhou
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510182, China.
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Henarejos-Domingo V, de la Nuez González A, Lóbez Valverde R, Blasi A. A cost-effective technique for fabricating a dentoform by using a complete digital workflow. J Prosthet Dent 2023; 129:373-375. [PMID: 34373112 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2021.06.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Víctor Henarejos-Domingo
- Associate Professor, Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, International University of Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain; Private practice, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Andrés de la Nuez González
- Resident, Máster en estética y rehabilitación oral, Barcelona Denal Institute by Padrós-Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain; Private practice, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Alvaro Blasi
- Adjunct Assistant Professor, Department of Restorative Sciences, Dental College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Ga; Private practice, Barcelona, Spain
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Petre AE, Pantea M, Drafta S, Imre M, Țâncu AMC, Liciu EM, Didilescu AC, Pițuru SM. Modular Digital and 3D-Printed Dental Models with Applicability in Dental Education. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:medicina59010116. [PMID: 36676740 PMCID: PMC9861456 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59010116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The ever more complex modern dental education requires permanent adaptation to expanding medical knowledge and new advancements in digital technologies as well as intensification of interdisciplinary collaboration. Our study presents a newly developed computerized method allowing virtual case simulation on modular digital dental models and 3D-printing of the obtained digital models; additionally, undergraduate dental students' opinion on the advanced method is investigated in this paper. Materials and Methods: Based on the digitalization of didactic dental models, the proposed method generates modular digital dental models that can be easily converted into different types of partial edentulism scenarios, thus allowing the development of a digital library. Three-dimensionally printed simulated dental models can subsequently be manufactured based on the previously obtained digital models. The opinion of a group of undergraduate dental students (n = 205) on the proposed method was assessed via a questionnaire, administered as a Google form, sent via email. Results: The modular digital models allow students to perform repeated virtual simulations of any possible partial edentulism cases, to project 3D virtual treatment plans and to observe the subtle differences between diverse teeth preparations; the resulting 3D-printed models could be used in students' practical training. The proposed method received positive feedback from the undergraduate students. Conclusions: The advanced method is adequate for dental students' training, enabling the gradual design of modular digital dental models with partial edentulism, from simple to complex cases, and the hands-on training on corresponding 3D-printed dental models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandru Eugen Petre
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 17–23 Calea Plevnei, 010221 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mihaela Pantea
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 17–23 Calea Plevnei, 010221 Bucharest, Romania
- Correspondence: (M.P.); (S.D.); Tel.: +40-722-387-969 (M.P.); +40-722-657-800 (S.D.)
| | - Sergiu Drafta
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 17–23 Calea Plevnei, 010221 Bucharest, Romania
- Correspondence: (M.P.); (S.D.); Tel.: +40-722-387-969 (M.P.); +40-722-657-800 (S.D.)
| | - Marina Imre
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 17–23 Calea Plevnei, 010221 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ana Maria Cristina Țâncu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 17–23 Calea Plevnei, 010221 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Eduard M. Liciu
- Coordinator of the 3D Printing Department, Center for Innovation and e-Health (CieH), “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 20 Pitar Mos Str., 010454 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Andreea Cristiana Didilescu
- Department of Embryology, Faculty of Dentistry, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroii Sanitari Boulevard, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Silviu Mirel Pițuru
- Department of Professional Organization and Medical Legislation-Malpractice, Faculty of Dentistry, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
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de Freitas BN, Mendonça LM, Cruvinel PB, de Lacerda TJ, Leite FGJ, Oliveira-Santos C, Tirapelli C. Comparison of intraoral scanning and CBCT to generate digital and 3D-printed casts by fused deposition modeling and digital light processing. J Dent 2023; 128:104387. [PMID: 36496106 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2022.104387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES to evaluate trueness and precision of digital casts from intraoral scanning (IOS) and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT); trueness and precision of 3D-printed casts using digital light processing (DLP) and fused deposition modeling (FDM); the influence of digitizing method in the 3D-printed casts and, to compare STL data after DICOM segmentation and conversion. METHODS a reference cast was digitized with IOS and CBCT, and 3D-printed using FDM and DLP. Linear measurements of occlusocervical (OC), interarch (IEA), and mesiodistal (MD) dimensions were taken on reference, digital and 3D-printed casts. Trueness was observed as the distortion, and precision was observed as the variation of measurements. One and Two-way ANOVA, Student t-test, and Chi-Square were applied to analyze data. RESULTS distortion varied between digital casts for all dimensions; at OC, both showed expanded dimensions with IOS being significantly greater; in turn, CBCT digital casts showed higher distortion at IEA and MD. Dimensions of 3D-printed casts showed a predominance of shrinkage, DLP presented higher distortion compared to FDM for both digitizing methods. Digitizing methods influenced the 3D-printing of casts, especially for DLP. Regarding precision, no statistical difference was found. STL converted from DICOM showed statistical difference in IEA (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS digital casts showed distortion depending on the digitizing method. IOS was better in IEA and MD, and CBCT in OC dimensions. Overall, DLP casts presented higher distortion compared to FDM. The digitizing method influences trueness on 3D-printed casts. File conversion from DICOM to STL per se could change the dimension. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE This investigation showed that digital casts from IOS and CBCT as well 3D-printed casts from FDM and DLP can show different trueness. It is clinically relevant as clinicians have various workflows available in Digital Dentistry which involve these digitizing and manufacturing methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Neves de Freitas
- University of São Paulo, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil, 14040-904
| | - Lucas Moreira Mendonça
- University of São Paulo, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil, 14040-904
| | - Pedro Bastos Cruvinel
- University of São Paulo, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil, 14040-904
| | - Tito José de Lacerda
- DVI Dentomaxillofacial Radiology Center, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil, 14010-180
| | | | - Christiano Oliveira-Santos
- University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Department of Diagnosis & Oral Health, Louisville, Kentucky, U.S.A, 40202
| | - Camila Tirapelli
- University of São Paulo, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil, 14040-904.
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Lone MA, Iqbal UA, Lone MM, Adnan S, Heboyan A, Ahmed N, Karobari MI, Marya A. Current Trends in Fixed Prosthodontics Education in Undergraduate Dental Colleges. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL EDUCATION AND CURRICULAR DEVELOPMENT 2023; 10:23821205231193282. [PMID: 37614332 PMCID: PMC10443680 DOI: 10.1177/23821205231193282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to explore current trends in undergraduate fixed prosthodontics teaching at undergraduate dental level education. METHODS This cross-sectional descriptive study included close-ended questions to inquire about the teaching practices of fixed prosthodontics at Bachelor of Dental Surgery level education. Electronic copies of the survey forms were sent to the heads or directors of department of prosthodontics responsible for undergraduate dental students teaching and learning in various institutes of Sindh by the help of Google forms in December 2020. The form included questions on sociodemographic details and questions inquiring the theoretical and clinical teaching practices in undergraduate fixed prosthodontics course. Data was entered and analyzed using SPSS 25. Frequency distribution and percentages of categorical variables were recorded. RESULTS Out of total 18 dental institutes of Sindh, 15 returned the completely filled form, giving a response rate of 83.3%. Seven (46.7%) schools teach various fixed prosthesis in the preclinical years to their students. All 15 colleges carry out didactic teaching and provide exposure by live clinical demonstrations for various fixed prosthesis. Faculty of 12 (80%) dental colleges where fixed prostheses are being constructed in the dental outpatient department mentioned that their students observe or assist the clinical procedures during their clinical rotation; but none of the students fabricate any type of fixed prosthesis in the clinical setting during their undergraduate years. CONCLUSION Didactic teaching and live clinical demonstrations of fixed prosthodontics is being carried out in all dental colleges of Sindh. Almost half of the dental schools teach crown preparation on phantom teeth during their preclinical course. Contrary to this, none of the students fabricate any type of fixed prosthesis in the clinical setting during their undergraduate years. As these procedures are not included in the current undergraduate curriculum, recommendations should be forwarded to governing educational body of the country to include cases of fixed prosthesis in their skill set prior to their graduation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muneeb Ahmed Lone
- Department of Prosthodontics, Dr Ishrat-ul-Ebad Khan Institute of Oral Health Sciences, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Uzma Anam Iqbal
- Department of Prosthodontics, Dr Ishrat-ul-Ebad Khan Institute of Oral Health Sciences, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Maham Muneeb Lone
- Department of Operative Dentistry Sindh Institute of Oral Health Sciences, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Samira Adnan
- Department of Operative Dentistry Sindh Institute of Oral Health Sciences, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Artak Heboyan
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Stomatology, Yerevan State Medical University after Mkhitar Heratsi, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Naseer Ahmed
- Department of Prosthodontics, Altamash Institute of Dental Medicine, Karachi, Pakistan
- Prosthodontics Unit, School of Dental Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Mohmed Isaqali Karobari
- Department of Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Puthisastra, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
- Conservative Dentistry Unit, School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Anand Marya
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Puthisastra, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
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Implementation of a Full Digital Workflow by 3D Printing Intraoral Splints Used in Dental Education: An Exploratory Observational Study with Respect to Students' Experiences. Dent J (Basel) 2022; 11:dj11010005. [PMID: 36661542 PMCID: PMC9858622 DOI: 10.3390/dj11010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Fully digital workflows gained acceptance in dental practice and thereby are of interest for undergraduate education. An exploratory clinical observation was designed to track the implementation of such a workflow with novice digital users in order to describe its feasibility, time investment, and pitfalls. METHODS Students were invited to provide feedback for their experiences with a training module that consisted of the following: intraoral scanning, computer-aided design (CAD), manual finishing, and insertion of a 3D-printed bite splint for the lower jaw. RESULTS A total of 82 fourth-year students participated in the module. The average time required to perform an intraoral scan was 17 m 5 s, and all students were able to design a splint with an average time of 2 h 38 m. Students who indicated prior experience with CAD seem to outperform inexperienced students in both CAD task completion and intraoral scanning. The initial fit was reported as clinically acceptable by 68.5% of the participants, while 79% rated the workflow as very good to satisfactory and indicated that the training was helpful for dental practice. CONCLUSIONS The implementation of a digital workflow in undergraduate dental education is feasible and has acceptable clinical results. However, CAD is time-intensive, and the experience can be challenging.
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Maruo Y, Yoshihara K, Irie M, Nagaoka N, Matsumoto T, Minagi S. Does Multifunctional Acrylate's Addition to Methacrylate Improve Its Flexural Properties and Bond Ability to CAD/CAM PMMA Block? MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:7564. [PMID: 36363156 PMCID: PMC9657670 DOI: 10.3390/ma15217564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of a multifunctional acrylate copolymer-Trimethylolpropane Triacrylate (TMPTA) and Di-pentaerythritol Polyacrylate (A-DPH)-on the mechanical properties of chemically polymerized acrylic resin and its bond strength to a CAD/CAM polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) disk. The methyl methacrylate (MMA) samples were doped with one of the following comonomers: TMPTA, A-DPH, or Trimethylolpropane Trimethacrylate (TMPTMA). The doping ratio ranged from 10 wt% to 50 wt% in 10 wt% increments. The flexural strength (FS) and modulus (FM) of PMMA with and without comonomer doping, as well as the shear bond strength (SBS) between the comonomer-doped PMMA and CAD/CAM PMMA disk, were evaluated. The highest FS (93.2 ± 4.2 MPa) was obtained when doped with 20 wt% of TMPTA. For TMPTMA, the FS decreased with the increase in the doping ratio. For SBS, TMPTA showed almost constant values (ranging from 7.0 to 8.2 MPa) regardless of the doping amount, and A-DPH peaked at 10 wt% doping (8.7 ± 2.2 MPa). TMPTMA showed two peaks at 10 wt% (7.2 ± 2.6 MPa) and 40 wt% (6.5 ± 2.3 MPa). Regarding the failure mode, TMPTMA showed mostly adhesive failure between the CAD/CAM PMMA disk and acrylic resin while TMPTA and A-DPH showed an increased rate of cohesive or mixed failures. Acrylate's addition as a comonomer to PMMA provided improved mechanical properties and bond strength to the CAD/CAM PMMA disk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukinori Maruo
- Department of Prosthodontics, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Okayama 700-8525, Japan
| | - Kumiko Yoshihara
- Health Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 2217-14 Hayashi-cho, Takamatsu, Kagawa 761-0395, Japan
| | - Masao Irie
- Department of Biomaterials, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Okayama 700-8525, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Nagaoka
- Advanced Research Center for Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, Okayama University Dental School, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Takuya Matsumoto
- Department of Biomaterials, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Okayama 700-8525, Japan
| | - Shogo Minagi
- Department of Prosthodontics, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Okayama 700-8525, Japan
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Edher F. Innovations in fixed prosthodontic workflows. J Prosthet Dent 2022; 128:545-547. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2022.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Abstract
Although the accuracy of direct digitization of oral structure has been improved, indirect digitization is still required in specific situations such as full-arch scanning. Once accurate images are imported, efficient designing can be achieved by CAD software. Although smile design using a 3-dimensional facial scan better predicts planned restorations, further improvement in virtual articulators is needed for complex cases. Computer-aided manufacturing can be offered in several formats such as chairside, laboratory, or centralized fabrications. The subtractive technique is mainly used for restorations, and many chairside CAM materials are available now, but the additive technique has the potential to save materials and an advantage in fabricating complex geometries. Limited evidence is available in applying CAD/CAM technologies in implant restorations. However, it is used to fabricate custom implant abutments and crowns from various materials such as titanium, zirconia, and PEEK and hybrid crowns using stock titanium base abutments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidehiko Watanabe
- Restorative Dentistry, Oregon Health & Science University, School of Dentistry, 2730 S Moody Avenue, Portland, OR 97201-5042, USA.
| | - Christopher Fellows
- Restorative Dentistry, Oregon Health & Science University, School of Dentistry, 2730 S Moody Avenue, Portland, OR 97201-5042, USA
| | - Hongseok An
- Restorative Dentistry, Oregon Health & Science University, School of Dentistry, 2730 S Moody Avenue, Portland, OR 97201-5042, USA
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