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Xiao C, Liu J, Yang C, Zhai X, Liu P, Xiao X, Yu M. The Clinical Characteristics and Potential Molecular Mechanism of LMNA Mutation-Related Lipodystrophy. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2023; 7:e2200301. [PMID: 37303127 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202200301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to enhance understanding of LMNA mutation-related lipodystrophy by elucidating genotype-phenotype correlations and potential molecular mechanisms. Clinical data from six patients with LMNA mutation-related lipodystrophy are analyzed, and four distinct LMNA mutations are identified. Associations between mutations and lipodystrophy phenotypes are assessed. Three LMNA mutation plasmids are constructed and transfected into HEK293 cells. Protein stability, degradation pathways, and binding proteins of mutant Lamin A/C are examined using Western blotting, co-immunoprecipitation, and mass spectrometry. Confocal microscopy is employed to observe nuclear structure. Four different LMNA mutations are identified in the six patients, all exhibiting lipodystrophy and metabolic disorders. Cardiac dysfunction is observed in two out of six patients. Metformin and pioglitazone are the primary treatments for glucose control. Confocal microscopy revealed nuclear blebbing and irregular cell membranes. Mutant Lamin A/C stability is significantly decreased, and degradation occurred primarily via the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS). Potential binding ubiquitination-related proteins of mutant Lamin A/C are identified. This study investigated LMNA mutation-related lipodystrophy, identifying four unique mutations and their connections to specific phenotypes. It is found to decreased mutant Lamin A/C stability and degradation primarily through the UPS, offering new insights into molecular mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Xiao
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, National Health Commission, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Jieying Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, National Health Commission, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
- Department of Medical Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Chunru Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, National Health Commission, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Xiaojun Zhai
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, National Health Commission, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Medical Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Xinhua Xiao
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, National Health Commission, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Miao Yu
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, National Health Commission, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
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Muthu ML, Tiedemann K, Fradette J, Komarova S, Reinhardt DP. Fibrillin-1 regulates white adipose tissue development, homeostasis, and function. Matrix Biol 2022; 110:106-128. [DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2022.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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3
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Zastosowanie leptyny rekombinowanej w leczeniu różnych typów lipodystrofii Treatment options with recombinant leptin in various types of lipodystrophy. POSTEP HIG MED DOSW 2022. [DOI: 10.2478/ahem-2021-0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstrakt
Lipodystrofie to grupa chorób objawiających się zanikiem i/lub nieprawidłowym rozmieszczeniem tkanki tłuszczowej w organizmie człowieka. W związku z tym, że tkanka tłuszczowa jest narządem hormonalnie czynnym, jej niedobór doprowadza do powstania wielu zaburzeń metabolicznych i hormonalnych, wynikających w dużej mierze ze zmniejszonego wytwarzania leptyny, jednego z ważniejszych hormonów wydzielanych przez tkankę tłuszczową. Leptyna jest cytokiną, która po połączeniu z receptorem leptynowym uczestniczy przede wszystkim w regulacji ośrodka głodu, ale także wywołuje angiogenezę i stymuluje układ odpornościowy, przez stymulację wysp beta trzustki reguluje glikemię, działa protekcyjnie na układ kostny, wpływa na płodność, cykl menstruacyjny i ciążę, hamuje syntezę triglicerydów w wątrobie i tkance tłuszczowej oraz stymuluje lipolizę. W związku z tym uważa się, że to właśnie niedobór leptyny jest odpowiedzialny za zaburzenia metaboliczne powstałe w przebiegu lipodystrofii. Badania kliniczne wskazują na możliwość wykorzystania rekombinowanej leptyny – metreleptyny w celu uzupełnienia niedoboru hormonu. U pacjentów z różnymi typami lipodystrofii po zastosowaniu metreleptyny zaobserwowano normalizację poziomu glukozy, triglicerydów i cholesterolu frakcji HDL. Ponadto pacjenci sygnalizowali zmniejszenie apetytu i spadek BMI przy jednoczesnym braku istotnych działań niepożądanych leku. W związku z tym dopuszczono wykorzystanie metreleptyny w Stanach Zjednoczonych i Europie do leczenia chorych z niektórymi typami lipodystrofii. Natomiast zastosowanie leku w innych schorzeniach objawiających się zaburzeniami metabolicznymi jest w fazie badań klinicznych.
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4
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Chakarova N, Balabanski L, Dimova R, Shinkov A, Tankova T. A novel AGPAT2 mutation associated with a case of late-diagnosed congenital generalized lipodystrophy type 1. Acta Diabetol 2021; 58:505-511. [PMID: 33389126 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-020-01639-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nevena Chakarova
- Department of Endocrinology, Medical University of Sofia, 2 Zdrave Str, 1431, Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | - Lubomir Balabanski
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Sofia, 2 Zdrave Str, 1431, Sofia, Bulgaria
- Malinov Clinic, 46 Gotse Delchev Blvd, 1620, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Rumyana Dimova
- Department of Endocrinology, Medical University of Sofia, 2 Zdrave Str, 1431, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Alexander Shinkov
- Department of Endocrinology, Medical University of Sofia, 2 Zdrave Str, 1431, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Tsvetalina Tankova
- Department of Endocrinology, Medical University of Sofia, 2 Zdrave Str, 1431, Sofia, Bulgaria
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5
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Dinani A, Khan A, Dieterich D. Emerging prevalence of fatty liver disease in HIV. Future Virol 2021. [DOI: 10.2217/fvl-2020-0184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Fatty liver disease is a growing concern in people living with HIV, the main drivers are alcoholic liver disease and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. It has shown to negatively impact HIV care continuum and result in notable non-HIV related morbidity and mortality. With the advancement in antiretroviral therapy and effective direct acting antivirals, fatty liver disease is surfacing as the next big challenge in this population like that observed in the general population. This review article summarizes the gravity of these two common diseases in HIV-infected people and aims to sheds light on an unmet need to develop effective methods to identify, screen and manage fatty liver disease in this unique population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amreen Dinani
- Division of Liver Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Ali Khan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai West, New York, NY 10019, USA
| | - Douglas Dieterich
- Division of Liver Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
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6
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Lim K, Haider A, Adams C, Sleigh A, Savage DB. Lipodistrophy: a paradigm for understanding the consequences of "overloading" adipose tissue. Physiol Rev 2020; 101:907-993. [PMID: 33356916 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00032.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipodystrophies have been recognized since at least the nineteenth century and, despite their rarity, tended to attract considerable medical attention because of the severity and somewhat paradoxical nature of the associated metabolic disease that so closely mimics that of obesity. Within the last 20 yr most of the monogenic subtypes have been characterized, facilitating family genetic screening and earlier disease detection as well as providing important insights into adipocyte biology and the systemic consequences of impaired adipocyte function. Even more recently, compelling genetic studies have suggested that subtle partial lipodystrophy is likely to be a major factor in prevalent insulin-resistant type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), justifying the longstanding interest in these disorders. This progress has also underpinned novel approaches to treatment that, in at least some patients, can be of considerable therapeutic benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koini Lim
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Afreen Haider
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Claire Adams
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Alison Sleigh
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - David B Savage
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Hepatic Steatosis Resulting From LMNA-Associated Familial Lipodystrophy. ACG Case Rep J 2020; 7:e00375. [PMID: 32548202 PMCID: PMC7224721 DOI: 10.14309/crj.0000000000000375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most prevalent liver disease worldwide, with potential causes stemming from obesity, metabolic syndrome, genetic disorders, and drug toxicity. We report a 42-year-old woman with lipodystrophy and NAFLD due to a pathogenic variant in the LMNA (D300N) gene. This case report attempts to encourage clinicians to consider genetic diseases, specifically lipodystrophies, when working up uncommon causes of NAFLD.
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8
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Fibrillin-1 and fibrillin-1-derived asprosin in adipose tissue function and metabolic disorders. J Cell Commun Signal 2020; 14:159-173. [PMID: 32279186 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-020-00566-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix microenvironment of adipose tissue is of critical importance for the differentiation, remodeling and function of adipocytes. Fibrillin-1 is one of the main components of microfibrils and a key player in this process. Furin processing of profibrillin-1 results in mature fibrillin-1 and releases the C-terminal propeptide as a circulating hunger hormone, asprosin. Mutations in the fibrillin-1 gene lead to adipose tissue dysfunction and causes Marfan syndrome, marfanoid progeroid lipodystrophy syndrome, and neonatal progeroid syndrome. Increased TGF-β signaling, altered mechanical properties and impaired adipogenesis are potential causes of adipose tissue dysfunction, mediated through deficient microfibrils. Circulating asprosin on the other hand is secreted primarily by white adipose tissue under fasting conditions and in obesity. It increases hepatic glucose production and drives insulin secretion and appetite stimulation through inter-organ cross talk. This review discusses the metabolic consequences of fibrillin-1 and fibrillin-1-derived asprosin in pathological conditions. Understanding the dynamic role of fibrillin-1 in the adipose tissue milieu and of circulating asprosin in the body can provide novel mechanistic insights into how fibrillin-1 may contribute to metabolic syndrome. This could lead to new management regimens of patients with metabolic disease.
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9
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Safety and Localization of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Derived from Human Adipose Tissue-Associated Hyaluronic Acid: A Preclinical Study. Stem Cells Int 2020; 2020:1823427. [PMID: 32148515 PMCID: PMC7042549 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1823427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Millions of plastic surgeries are performed worldwide every year with the objective of correcting lipodystrophies stemming from lesions, tumor resections, birth defects, and AIDS-associated antiretroviral therapy. Besides that, a large number of clinical research have assessed the outcome of procedures that rely on combinations of dermal fillers and autologous cells. However, little is known about the safety of these combinations and the localization of the injected cells. The aim of this study was to test the toxicity of a solution containing 1% hyaluronic acid (HA) and adipose-derived stromal cells (ASCs) from the human adipose tissue and to assess the localization of the injected cells, with and without HA, labeled with technetium-99m. Rats received subcutaneous and intraperitoneal injections of a solution containing 1% HA/adipose-derived stromal cells isolated from the human fat tissue. The animals were then observed for up to forty-two days. The solution tested in this study did not result in systemic, biochemical, or anatomic alterations that could represent toxicity symptoms. The association of HA and ASCs labeled with technetium-99m remained at the site of the injection within a period of twenty-four hours, as demonstrated by a whole-body imaging software fusion of SPECT and CT. In conclusion, our study shows that the subcutaneous and intraperitoneal injection of HA associated with adipose-derived stromal cells (ASCs) is safe. The association of HA and ASCs did not induce local or systemic toxicity. Thus, the administration of volume equal to or less than 0.2 mL of the agent filler (1 × 106 ASC+HA 1%) should be considered for subsequent studies and may be an alternative to dermal fillers due to the expected lasting effects.
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10
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Karadag AS, Elmas ÖF, Altunay İK. Cutaneous manifestations associated with HIV infections: A great imitator. Clin Dermatol 2019; 38:160-175. [PMID: 32513397 DOI: 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2019.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
HIV is associated with an increased incidence of mucocutaneous disorders, with the overwhelming majority of HIV-infected individuals being afflicted with skin diseases during the course of the infection. Skin diseases in HIV patients are rarely fatal, but they have a significant effect on the quality of life. The immunologic stage of the infection and the use of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) are the main elements that determine the spectrum of the mucocutaneous involvement. Many skin diseases may occur simultaneously in HIV patients, and the course of these diseases may or may not be different than it is in HIV-negative individuals. The unusual, severe, and different presentations of the mucocutaneous involvement make HIV one of the great imitators in dermatology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayse Serap Karadag
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ömer Faruk Elmas
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahi Evran University, Kırşehir, Turkey.
| | - İlknur Kıvanç Altunay
- Department of Dermatology, Şişli Hamidiye Etfal Research and Training Hospital, Health Science University, Istanbul, Turkey
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11
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Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in lean individuals. JHEP Rep 2019; 1:329-341. [PMID: 32039383 PMCID: PMC7001558 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2019.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a major cause of chronic liver disease, encompassing a spectrum from non-alcoholic fatty liver to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, which can progress to cirrhosis. It has recently been recognised that NAFLD also occurs in individuals who are not obese, especially in Asian populations. In these patients, NAFLD manifests at lower overall body mass index thresholds in the presence of increased visceral adipose tissue. Currently, the principles of clinical management are similar to those in obese individuals, although, in specific regions and clinical situations, unique aetiologies of NAFLD must be treated specifically.
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12
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Abstract
Lipid droplets are storage organelles at the centre of lipid and energy homeostasis. They have a unique architecture consisting of a hydrophobic core of neutral lipids, which is enclosed by a phospholipid monolayer that is decorated by a specific set of proteins. Originating from the endoplasmic reticulum, lipid droplets can associate with most other cellular organelles through membrane contact sites. It is becoming apparent that these contacts between lipid droplets and other organelles are highly dynamic and coupled to the cycles of lipid droplet expansion and shrinkage. Importantly, lipid droplet biogenesis and degradation, as well as their interactions with other organelles, are tightly coupled to cellular metabolism and are critical to buffer the levels of toxic lipid species. Thus, lipid droplets facilitate the coordination and communication between different organelles and act as vital hubs of cellular metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A Olzmann
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
| | - Pedro Carvalho
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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Rho NK, Kim WS. Acquired Partial Lipodystrophy (Barraquer-Simons Syndrome): Early Cosmetic Intervention with Autologous Fat. Ann Dermatol 2018; 30:610-613. [PMID: 33911488 PMCID: PMC7992487 DOI: 10.5021/ad.2018.30.5.610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 10/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Barraquer-Simons syndrome is a rare acquired lipodystrophy characterized by gradually symmetric subcutaneous fat loss in a craniocaudal distribution, often associated with hypocomplementemia and nephropathies. Facial cosmetic treatment in this disorder has not been fully described in the literature. We present a patient with Barraquer-Simons syndrome with emphasis on early cosmetic intervention with autologous fat grafting and its long-term efficacy. At the follow-up 37 months after the last fat grafting, preservation of the grafted fat was noted while lipodystrophy progressed in the trunk regions. Autologous fat grafting is suggested for the correction of facial dysmorphism in this type of lipodystrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Won-Serk Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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14
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Nurses' knowledge about Berardinelli-Seip Congenital Lipodystrophy. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0197784. [PMID: 29864145 PMCID: PMC5986131 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0197784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Berardinelli-Seip Congenital Lipodystrophy (BSCL) is a rare autosomal recessive disease characterized by the almost complete absence of adipose tissue. Due to a strong founder effect that resulted in a higher prevalence of BSCL in Rio Grande do Norte (RN), a state in northeastern Brazil, it has been essential that health professionals develop knowledge about this disease. Nurses are often the first point of contact with patients during health care assistance. The purpose of this study was to investigate the knowledge of these professionals about BSCL in two main hospitals in RN state. A questionnaire was applied to 199 nurses working in the Hospital Regional Mariano Coelho—HRMC (Regional Hospital Mariano Coelho), in Currais Novos–RN, and in the Hospital Universitário Onofre Lopes—HUOL (University Hospital Onofre Lopes), in Natal–RN. This study showed that most nursing professionals do not know about the disease, although they have already received patients with BSCL in those hospitals. The nurses from HRMC and HUOL lacked knowledge of BSCL and the healthcare of these patients requires immediate improvement. Significant efforts are required to close the gap between current and needed practice patterns.
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Lockemer HE, Sumpter KM, Cope-Yokoyama S, Garg A. A novel paraneoplastic syndrome with acquired lipodystrophy and chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy in an adolescent male with craniopharyngioma. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2018; 31:479-483. [PMID: 29455190 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2017-0222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acquired lipodystrophy, craniopharyngioma and chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) are individually rare disorders, and have never before been reported in a single patient. CASE PRESENTATION A 15-year-7 month old Caucasian male presented with lower extremity weakness, frequent falls and abnormal fat distribution occurring over the previous 1 year. He was diagnosed with CIDP, craniopharyngioma and acquired lipodystrophy. The patient underwent tumor debulking and cranial irradiation for the craniopharyngioma, and received monthly intravenous immunoglobulin for the CIDP. The patient initially had some resolution of the lipodystrophy phenotype, but subsequently the abnormal fat distribution recurred and the patient developed additional systemic abnormalities, including mild pancytopenia and hepatic fibrosis. CONCLUSIONS Our patient represents a novel association of acquired lipodystrophy, craniopharyngioma, and CIDP, possibly due to an as yet unidentified paraneoplastic autoantibody.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hillary Elizabeth Lockemer
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, WakeMed Health and Hospitals, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Kathryn Maria Sumpter
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | | | - Abhimanyu Garg
- Division of Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases and the Center for Human Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, K5.214, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75390-8537, USA
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16
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Fatima F, Nawaz M. Long Distance Metabolic Regulation through Adipose-Derived Circulating Exosomal miRNAs: A Trail for RNA-Based Therapies? Front Physiol 2017; 8:545. [PMID: 28824444 PMCID: PMC5539684 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The contribution of non-coding RNAs, such as microRNAs (miRNAs) in regulating physiological and pathological states has been intensively elucidated during last 15 years. The discovery of circulating miRNAs (cir-miRNAs) in variety of body fluids, is, however a recent focus of interest in understanding pathophysiological states of their originating cells/organs. Yet another stimulating debate that takes miRNAs to the next level is their presence in exosomes, and this is truly interesting area of research. Exosomes are cell-derived extracellular vesicles, and are naturally equipped biological vehicles that not only enable functional transfer of miRNAs between cells (horizontal transfer) but also foster inter-organ communication, presumably guided by organ specific receptors—decorated on their surface. However, understandings on inter-organ communication elicited by tissue specific exosomal-miRNA fingerprints remain elusive. Recently, Thomou et al., has discovered that adipose tissue contributes a large fraction of adipose specific exosomal-miRNA fingerprints in blood circulation. Experimental evidence emphasize adipose tissue as major depot of cir-miRNAs that sail through blood flow and reach to distal organs—primarily in the liver, where they regulate gene expression of host tissue and elicit metabolic control. This appears to be a genetic form of adipokines (endocrine factors secreted from adipose tissue). We review such offshore metabolic insults, and make an effort to address few important missing links between miRNAs processing and their incorporation into exosomes. We provide potential perspectives on how this knowledge could be steered towards RNA-based therapeutics for monitoring complex metabolic diseases and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farah Fatima
- Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao PauloSao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Muhammad Nawaz
- Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao PauloSao Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of GothenburgGothenburg, Sweden
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Brandão BB, Guerra BA, Mori MA. Shortcuts to a functional adipose tissue: The role of small non-coding RNAs. Redox Biol 2017; 12:82-102. [PMID: 28214707 PMCID: PMC5312655 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2017.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes are a major public health issue worldwide. These diseases are often linked to a dysfunctional adipose tissue. Fat is a large, heterogenic, pleiotropic and rather complex tissue. It is found in virtually all cavities of the human body, shows unique plasticity among tissues, and harbors many cell types in addition to its main functional unit - the adipocyte. Adipose tissue function varies depending on the localization of the fat depot, the cell composition of the tissue and the energy status of the organism. While the white adipose tissue (WAT) serves as the main site for triglyceride storage and acts as an important endocrine organ, the brown adipose tissue (BAT) is responsible for thermogenesis. Beige adipocytes can also appear in WAT depots to sustain heat production upon certain conditions, and it is becoming clear that adipose tissue depots can switch phenotypes depending on cell autonomous and non-autonomous stimuli. To maintain such degree of plasticity and respond adequately to changes in the energy balance, three basic processes need to be properly functioning in the adipose tissue: i) adipogenesis and adipocyte turnover, ii) metabolism, and iii) signaling. Here we review the fundamental role of small non-coding RNAs (sncRNAs) in these processes, with focus on microRNAs, and demonstrate their importance in adipose tissue function and whole body metabolic control in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna B Brandão
- Program in Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Beatriz A Guerra
- Program in Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Marcelo A Mori
- Program in Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil; Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil.
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Lipid droplet-associated proteins in atherosclerosis (Review). Mol Med Rep 2016; 13:4527-34. [PMID: 27082419 PMCID: PMC4878557 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulation of atherosclerotic plaques in arterial walls leads to major cardiovascular diseases and stroke. Macrophages/foam cells are central components of atherosclerotic plaques, which populate the arterial wall in order to remove harmful modified low‑density lipoprotein (LDL) particles, resulting in the accumulation of lipids, mostly LDL‑derived cholesterol ester, in cytosolic lipid droplets (LDs). At present, LDs are recognized as dynamic organelles that govern cellular metabolic processes. LDs consist of an inner core of neutral lipids surrounded by a monolayer of phospholipids and free cholesterol, and contain LD‑associated proteins (LDAPs) that regulate LD functions. Foam cells are characterized by an aberrant accumulation of cytosolic LDs, and are considered a hallmark of atherosclerotic lesions through all stages of development. Previous studies have investigated the mechanisms underlying foam cell formation, aiming to discover therapeutic strategies that target foam cells and intervene against atherosclerosis. It is well established that LDAPs have a major role in the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases caused by dysfunction of lipid metabolism, and several studies have linked LDAPs to the development of atherosclerosis. In this review, several foam cell‑targeting pathways have been described, with an emphasis on the role of LDAPs in cholesterol mobilization from macrophages. In addition, the potential of LDAPs as therapeutic targets to prevent the progression and/or facilitate the regression of the disease has been discussed.
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Acquired facial lipoatrophy: pathogenesis and therapeutic options. Postepy Dermatol Alergol 2015; 32:127-33. [PMID: 26015783 PMCID: PMC4436232 DOI: 10.5114/pdia.2014.40971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2013] [Revised: 12/15/2013] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Facial lipoatrophy refers to the loss of subcutaneous fat tissue presenting by flattening or indentation of convex contour of the face. Facial lipoatrophy is a feature of the normal ageing process. It may be also a manifestation of chronic diseases, most frequently it affects HIV-infected individuals treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and may constitute a complication of connective tissue diseases, like lupus erythematosus profundus or morphea. Early recognition and treatment of the active stage of connective tissue diseases is of essential significance in prevention of subsequent scarring and atrophy lesions. In HIV-positive patients undergoing HAART therapy, the attempt to modify thetreatment scheme so it has a less lipemic effect seems to be justified. Esthetic correction of facial lipoatrophy in chronic diseases is a great challenge. Improvement of appearance is very important for affected individuals, because it diminishes their stigmatization and psychosocial dysfunction. Facial volumetric correction includes surgical and dermatological procedures such as adipose transfer and injectable dermal fillers.
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20
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Lamagna B, Greco A, Guardascione A, Navas L, Ragozzino M, Paciello O, Brunetti A, Meomartino L. Canine lipomas treated with steroid injections: clinical findings. PLoS One 2012; 7:e50234. [PMID: 23226250 PMCID: PMC3511498 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0050234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2012] [Accepted: 10/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipomas are common benign tumours of fat cells. In most cases, surgical excision is curative and simple to perform; however, such a procedure requires general anaesthesia and may be associated with delayed wound healing, seroma formation and nerve injury in deep and intramuscular tumours. The objective of this study was to evaluate treatment of subcutaneous, subfascial or intermuscular lipomas using intralesional steroid injections in dogs. Fifteen dogs presenting with lipomas were selected for treatment with ultrasound-guided intralesional injection of triamcinolone acetonide at a dose of 40 mg/mL. Nine subcutaneous and subfascial tumours showed a complete regression. The other lipomas decreased in diameter, achieving, in some cases, remission of discomfort and regression of lameness. Steroid injection was a relatively safe and effective treatment for lipomas in dogs; only six dogs experienced polyuria/polydipsia for about 2 weeks post-treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Lamagna
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Unit of Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Adelaide Greco
- Department of Biomorphological and Functional Science, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Ceinge, Biotecnologie Avanzate, scarl, Naples, Italy
- Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging, CNR, Naples, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Anna Guardascione
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Unit of Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Navas
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Unit of Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Manuela Ragozzino
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Unit of Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Orlando Paciello
- Department of Pathology and Animal Health, Unit of Pathology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Arturo Brunetti
- Department of Biomorphological and Functional Science, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Ceinge, Biotecnologie Avanzate, scarl, Naples, Italy
- Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging, CNR, Naples, Italy
| | - Leonardo Meomartino
- Interdepartmental Veterinary Radiology Centre, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is becoming the most common cause of chronic liver disease in the developing world, found in 17-30% of the population in Western countries and 2-4% worldwide. Defined as the accumulation of fatty acid content greater than 5% of liver weight, NAFLD is a spectrum of disease ranging from simple steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. The pathophysiology of NAFLD involves increased de novo synthesis of fatty acids in hepatocytes, the retention of lipids due to impaired hepatocyte apolipoprotein secretion or beta-oxidation. The well-known primary causes of NAFLD are obesity, type II diabetes, dyslipidemia, and insulin resistance. However, other less common conditions can cause a similar clinical and histologic picture, and should be considered in patients who present with NAFLD but do not have traditional risk factors. In this review, we discuss uncommon but important causes of NAFLD, including inborn errors of metabolism, iatrogenic causes, viral hepatitis, and nutritional disorders to provide practicing clinicians with an understanding of the less well recognized causes of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob M. Kneeman
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joseph Misdraji
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kathleen E. Corey
- Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, BLK 4, Boston, MA 02114-2696, USA
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22
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Marcela RJ. Características biológicas del tejido adiposo: el adipocito como célula endocrina. REVISTA MÉDICA CLÍNICA LAS CONDES 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s0716-8640(12)70290-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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23
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Juchem GMV, Lazzarotto AR. Treinamento físico na síndrome lipodistrófica: revisão sistemática. REV BRAS MED ESPORTE 2010. [DOI: 10.1590/s1517-86922010000400015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Com a cronicidade da infecção pelo HIV, a partir do uso da terapia antirretroviral combinada (TARV), o indivíduo torna-se predisposto às alterações metabólicas e corporais denominadas síndrome lipodistrófica, que têm como consequência o risco aumentado para doenças cardiovasculares. Tornam-se necessários estudos com viabilidades terapêuticas com o intuito de melhorar a qualidade de vida destes pacientes. Neste contexto, o treinamento físico deve ser abordado como terapêutica para minimizar os efeitos deletérios da TARV. O objetivo desse artigo foi revisar na literatura as evidências científicas sobre o treinamento físico na síndrome lipodistrófica. O método utilizado foi uma revisão sistemática com a localização de artigos publicados entre 2000 e 2008 nas bases de dados PubMed e SciELO. As evidências científicas encontradas nos estudos analisados indicam que a maioria dos estudos, independente do tipo de treinamento, obtiveram melhoria significativa na composição corporal. Dessa forma, tornam-se necessário mais estudos investigando o treinamento físico no perfil lipídico, na resistência a insulina e nas alterações glicêmicas em pessoas vivendo com HIV/Aids.
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24
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Morillo Verdugo R, Fernández Lisón LC, Huertas Fernández MJ, Martín Conde MT, Roldan Morales JC, Ruano Camps R, Serrano López De Las Hazas JI, Ibarra Barrueta O, Illaro Uranga A. [The role of the hospital pharmacist in the prevention, treatment and management of the side effects associated with antiretroviral treatment]. FARMACIA HOSPITALARIA 2010; 34:237-50. [PMID: 20655783 DOI: 10.1016/j.farma.2010.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2009] [Accepted: 01/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
At present, the side effects associated with antiretroviral treatment are the main reasons for discontinuation of this kind of therapy, both in clinical trials and in regular clinical practise. On the other hand, due to the change of direction that our profession has suffered in recent years, we face the need to establish a different relationship with the patient, achieving direct and effective Pharmaceutical Care within a framework of shared responsibility for therapeutic results. Pharmacist interventions should be aimed at improving the quality of life of patients, which can only be achieved with a multidisciplinary approach and individualised and adjusted to new patterns of toxicity of the drugs currently used. The pharmacist who does this work must know how to interpret these side effects, giving accurate information to the patient about both pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment and correct pharmaceutical follow-up which clearly sets forth the criteria for referral to medical appointments. The aim of this paper is to establish baselines so that the hospital pharmacist can perform clearly and uniformly in the prevention, identification and management of major side effects: gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, dermatological, at the central nervous system and kidney level, associated with antiretroviral therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Morillo Verdugo
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Farmacia, Hospital Universitario de Valme, Sevilla, España.
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25
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Beller M, Thiel K, Thul PJ, Jäckle H. Lipid droplets: a dynamic organelle moves into focus. FEBS Lett 2010; 584:2176-82. [PMID: 20303960 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2010.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2010] [Revised: 03/15/2010] [Accepted: 03/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) were perceived as static storage deposits, which passively participate in the energy homeostasis of both cells and entire organisms. However, this view has changed recently after the realization of a complex and highly dynamic LD proteome. The proteome contains key components of the fat mobilization system and proteins that suggest LD interactions with a variety of cell organelles, including the endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria and peroxisomes. The study of LD cell biology, including cross-talk with other organelles, the trafficking of LDs in the cell and regulatory events involving the LD coat proteins is now on the verge of leaving its infancy and unfolds that LDs are highly dynamic cellular organelles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Beller
- Max-Planck-Institut für biophysikalische Chemie, Abteilung für molekulare Entwicklungsbiologie, Göttingen, Germany.
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26
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Holstein A, Stege H, Kovacs P. Lipoatrophy associated with the use of insulin analogues: a new case associated with the use of insulin glargine and review of the literature. Expert Opin Drug Saf 2009; 9:225-31. [DOI: 10.1517/14740330903496402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Holstein
- Lippe-Detmold Clinic, 1st Department of Medicine, Röntgenstr. 18, Detmold, D-32756, Germany ;
| | - Helger Stege
- Lippe-Detmold Clinic, Department of Dermatology, Röntgenstr. 18, Detmold, D-32756, Germany
| | - Peter Kovacs
- University of Leipzig, Interdisciplinary Centre for Clinical Research, Inselstraße 22, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
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27
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Argo CK, Caldwell SH. Epidemiology and natural history of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Clin Liver Dis 2009; 13:511-31. [PMID: 19818302 DOI: 10.1016/j.cld.2009.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 271] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver condition in many parts of the world. This article describes the epidemiology and natural history of this disorder. It also describes current diagnostic and treatment methods and describes future implications NAFLD may have.
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Affiliation(s)
- Curtis K Argo
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Virginia Health System, 1335 Lee Street, MSB 2091, Box 800708, Charlottesville, VA 22908-0708, USA.
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