1
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Mayer J, Boeck D, Werner M, Frankenhauser D, Geley S, Farhan H, Shimozawa M, Nilsson P. Inhibition of Autophagy Alters Intracellular Transport of APP Resulting in Increased APP Processing. Traffic 2024; 25:e12934. [PMID: 38613404 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology is characterized by amyloid beta (Aβ) plaques and dysfunctional autophagy. Aβ is generated by sequential proteolytic cleavage of amyloid precursor protein (APP), and the site of intracellular APP processing is highly debated, which may include autophagosomes. Here, we investigated the involvement of autophagy, including the role of ATG9 in APP intracellular trafficking and processing by applying the RUSH system, which allows studying the transport of fluorescently labeled mCherry-APP-EGFP in a systematic way, starting from the endoplasmic reticulum. HeLa cells, expressing the RUSH mCherry-APP-EGFP system, were investigated by live cell imaging, immunofluorescence, and Western blot. We found that mCherry-APP-EGFP passed through the Golgi faster in ATG9 knockout cells. Furthermore, ATG9 deletion shifted mCherry-APP-EGFP from early endosomes and lysosomes toward the plasma membrane concomitant with reduced endocytosis. Importantly, this alteration in mCherry-APP-EGFP transport resulted in increased secreted mCherry-soluble APP and C-terminal fragment-EGFP. These effects were also phenocopied by pharmacological inhibition of ULK1, indicating that autophagy is regulating the intracellular trafficking and processing of APP. These findings contribute to the understanding of the role of autophagy in APP metabolism and could potentially have implications for new therapeutic approaches for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Mayer
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Dominik Boeck
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
- Institute of Molecular Neurogenetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michelle Werner
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | | | - Stephan Geley
- Institute of Pathophysiology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Hesso Farhan
- Institute of Pathophysiology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Makoto Shimozawa
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Per Nilsson
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
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2
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Caracci MO, Pizarro H, Alarcón-Godoy C, Fuentealba LM, Farfán P, De Pace R, Santibañez N, Cavieres VA, Pástor TP, Bonifacino JS, Mardones GA, Marzolo MP. The Reelin receptor ApoER2 is a cargo for the adaptor protein complex AP-4: Implications for Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia. Prog Neurobiol 2024; 234:102575. [PMID: 38281682 PMCID: PMC10979513 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2024.102575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Adaptor protein complex 4 (AP-4) is a heterotetrameric complex that promotes export of selected cargo proteins from the trans-Golgi network. Mutations in each of the AP-4 subunits cause a complicated form of Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia (HSP). Herein, we report that ApoER2, a receptor in the Reelin signaling pathway, is a cargo of the AP-4 complex. We identify the motif ISSF/Y within the ApoER2 cytosolic domain as necessary for interaction with the canonical signal-binding pocket of the µ4 (AP4M1) subunit of AP-4. AP4E1- knock-out (KO) HeLa cells and hippocampal neurons from Ap4e1-KO mice display increased co-localization of ApoER2 with Golgi markers. Furthermore, hippocampal neurons from Ap4e1-KO mice and AP4M1-KO human iPSC-derived cortical i3Neurons exhibit reduced ApoER2 protein expression. Analyses of biosynthetic transport of ApoER2 reveal differential post-Golgi trafficking of the receptor, with lower axonal distribution in KO compared to wild-type neurons, indicating a role of AP-4 and the ISSF/Y motif in the axonal localization of ApoER2. Finally, analyses of Reelin signaling in mouse hippocampal and human cortical KO neurons show that AP4 deficiency causes no changes in Reelin-dependent activation of the AKT pathway and only mild changes in Reelin-induced dendritic arborization, but reduces Reelin-induced ERK phosphorylation, CREB activation, and Golgi deployment. This work thus establishes ApoER2 as a novel cargo of the AP-4 complex, suggesting that defects in the trafficking of this receptor and in the Reelin signaling pathway could contribute to the pathogenesis of HSP caused by mutations in AP-4 subunits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario O Caracci
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, P. Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Héctor Pizarro
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, P. Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carlos Alarcón-Godoy
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, P. Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Luz M Fuentealba
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, P. Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pamela Farfán
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, P. Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Raffaella De Pace
- Neurosciences and Cellular and Structural Biology Division, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Natacha Santibañez
- Instituto de Patología Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Viviana A Cavieres
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Químicas, Fac. Med y Ciencia, USS, Santiago, Chile
| | - Tammy P Pástor
- Escuela de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Juan S Bonifacino
- Neurosciences and Cellular and Structural Biology Division, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Gonzalo A Mardones
- Escuela de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Valdivia, Chile
| | - María-Paz Marzolo
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, P. Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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3
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Wang J, Gleeson PA, Fourriere L. Spatial-Temporal Mapping Reveals the Golgi as the Major Processing Site for the Pathogenic Swedish APP Mutation: Familial APP Mutant Shifts the Major APP Processing Site. Traffic 2024; 25:e12932. [PMID: 38528836 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is associated with increased levels of amyloid beta (Aβ) generated by sequential intracellular cleavage of amyloid precursor protein (APP) by membrane-bound secretases. However, the spatial and temporal APP cleavage events along the trafficking pathways are poorly defined. Here, we use the Retention Using Selective Hooks (RUSH) to compare in real time the anterograde trafficking and temporal cleavage events of wild-type APP (APPwt) with the pathogenic Swedish APP (APPswe) and the disease-protective Icelandic APP (APPice). The analyses revealed differences in the trafficking profiles and processing between APPwt and the APP familial mutations. While APPwt was predominantly processed by the β-secretase, BACE1, following Golgi transport to the early endosomes, the transit of APPswe through the Golgi was prolonged and associated with enhanced amyloidogenic APP processing and Aβ secretion. A 20°C block in cargo exit from the Golgi confirmed β- and γ-secretase processing of APPswe in the Golgi. Inhibition of the β-secretase, BACE1, restored APPswe anterograde trafficking profile to that of APPwt. APPice was transported rapidly through the Golgi to the early endosomes with low levels of Aβ production. This study has revealed different intracellular locations for the preferential cleavage of APPwt and APPswe and Aβ production, and the Golgi as the major processing site for APPswe, findings relevant to understand the molecular basis of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingqi Wang
- The Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Paul A Gleeson
- The Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lou Fourriere
- The Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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4
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Caracci MO, Pizarro H, Alarcón-Godoy C, Fuentealba LM, Farfán P, Pace RD, Santibañez N, Cavieres VA, Pástor TP, Bonifacino JS, Mardones GA, Marzolo MP. The Reelin Receptor ApoER2 is a Cargo for the Adaptor Protein Complex AP-4: Implications for Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.21.572896. [PMID: 38187774 PMCID: PMC10769347 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.21.572896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Adaptor protein complex 4 (AP-4) is a heterotetrameric complex that promotes protein export from the trans -Golgi network. Mutations in each of the AP-4 subunits cause a complicated form of Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia (HSP). Herein, we report that ApoER2, a receptor in the Reelin signaling pathway, is a cargo of the AP-4 complex. We identify the motif ISSF/Y within the ApoER2 cytosolic domain as necessary for interaction with the canonical signal-binding pocket of the µ4 (AP4M1) subunit of AP-4. AP4E1 -knock-out (KO) HeLa cells and hippocampal neurons from Ap4e1 -KO mice display increased Golgi localization of ApoER2. Furthermore, hippocampal neurons from Ap4e1 -KO mice and AP4M1 -KO human iPSC-derived cortical i3Neurons exhibit reduced ApoER2 protein expression. Analyses of biosynthetic transport of ApoER2 reveal differential post-Golgi trafficking of the receptor, with lower axonal distribution in KO compared to wild-type neurons, indicating a role of AP-4 and the ISSF/Y motif in the axonal localization of ApoER2. Finally, analyses of Reelin signaling in mouse hippocampal and human cortical KO neurons show that AP4 deficiency causes no changes in Reelin-dependent activation of the AKT pathway and only mild changes in Reelin-induced dendritic arborization, but reduces Reelin-induced ERK phosphorylation, CREB activation, and Golgi deployment. Altogether, this work establishes ApoER2 as a novel cargo of the AP-4 complex, suggesting that defects in the trafficking of this receptor and in the Reelin signaling pathway could contribute to the pathogenesis of HSP caused by mutations in AP-4 subunits.
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5
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Aow J, Huang TR, Goh YT, Sun AX, Thinakaran G, Koo EH. Evidence for a clathrin-independent endocytic pathway for APP internalization in the neuronal somatodendritic compartment. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112774. [PMID: 37450368 PMCID: PMC10449584 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyloid precursor protein (APP) internalization via clathrin-/dynamin-mediated endocytosis (CME) mediated by its YENPTY motif into endosomes containing β-secretase is proposed to be critical for amyloid-beta (Aβ) production. Here, we show that somatodendritic APP internalization in primary rodent neurons is not blocked by inhibiting dynamin or mutating the YENPTY motif, in contrast to non-neuronal cell lines. These phenomena, confirmed in induced human neurons under dynamin inhibition, occur during basal conditions and chemical long-term-depression stimulus, pointing to a clathrin-independent internalization pathway for somatodendritic APP. Mutating the YENPTY motif does not alter APP recycling, degradation, or endolysosomal colocalization. However, both dynamin inhibition and the YENPTY mutant significantly decrease secreted Aβ in neurons, suggesting that internalized somatodendritic APP may not constitute a major source of Aβ. Interestingly, like APP, somatodendritic low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) internalization does not require its CME motif. These results highlight intriguing differences in neuronal internalization pathways and refine our understanding of Aβ production and secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Aow
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), 60 Biopolis Street, Genome, Singapore 138672, Singapore; Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Tzu-Rung Huang
- Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yeek Teck Goh
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), 60 Biopolis Street, Genome, Singapore 138672, Singapore
| | - Alfred Xuyang Sun
- Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Signature Research Program in Neuroscience and Behavioural Disorders, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Gopal Thinakaran
- USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Center and Research Institute and Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Edward H Koo
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA; Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
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6
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Gu F, Boisjoli M, Naghavi MH. HIV-1 promotes ubiquitination of the amyloidogenic C-terminal fragment of APP to support viral replication. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4227. [PMID: 37454116 PMCID: PMC10349857 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40000-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
HIV-1 replication in macrophages and microglia involves intracellular assembly and budding into modified subsets of multivesicular bodies (MVBs), which support both viral persistence and spread. However, the cellular factors that regulate HIV-1's vesicular replication remain poorly understood. Recently, amyloid precursor protein (APP) was identified as an inhibitor of HIV-1 replication in macrophages and microglia via an unknown mechanism. Here, we show that entry of HIV-1 Gag into MVBs is blocked by the amyloidogenic C-terminal fragment of APP, "C99", but not by the non-amyloidogenic product, "C83". To counter this, Gag promotes multi-site ubiquitination of C99 which controls both exocytic sorting of MVBs and further processing of C99 into toxic amyloids. Processing of C99, entry of Gag into MVBs and release of infectious virus could be suppressed by expressing ubiquitination-defective C99 or by γ-secretase inhibitor treatment, suggesting that APP's amyloidogenic pathway functions to sense and suppress HIV-1 replication in macrophages and microglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Gu
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Marie Boisjoli
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mojgan H Naghavi
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
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7
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Chen X, Dong T, Hu Y, De Pace R, Mattera R, Eberhardt K, Ziegler M, Pirovolakis T, Sahin M, Bonifacino JS, Ebrahimi-Fakhari D, Gray SJ. Intrathecal AAV9/AP4M1 gene therapy for hereditary spastic paraplegia 50 shows safety and efficacy in preclinical studies. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:e164575. [PMID: 36951961 PMCID: PMC10178841 DOI: 10.1172/jci164575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Spastic paraplegia 50 (SPG50) is an ultrarare childhood-onset neurological disorder caused by biallelic loss-of-function variants in the AP4M1 gene. SPG50 is characterized by progressive spastic paraplegia, global developmental delay, and subsequent intellectual disability, secondary microcephaly, and epilepsy. We preformed preclinical studies evaluating an adeno-associated virus (AAV)/AP4M1 gene therapy for SPG50 and describe in vitro studies that demonstrate transduction of patient-derived fibroblasts with AAV2/AP4M1, resulting in phenotypic rescue. To evaluate efficacy in vivo, Ap4m1-KO mice were intrathecally (i.t.) injected with 5 × 1011, 2.5 × 1011, or 1.25 × 1011 vector genome (vg) doses of AAV9/AP4M1 at P7-P10 or P90. Age- and dose-dependent effects were observed, with early intervention and higher doses achieving the best therapeutic benefits. In parallel, three toxicology studies in WT mice, rats, and nonhuman primates (NHPs) demonstrated that AAV9/AP4M1 had an acceptable safety profile up to a target human dose of 1 × 1015 vg. Of note, similar degrees of minimal-to-mild dorsal root ganglia (DRG) toxicity were observed in both rats and NHPs, supporting the use of rats to monitor DRG toxicity in future i.t. AAV studies. These preclinical results identify an acceptably safe and efficacious dose of i.t.-administered AAV9/AP4M1, supporting an investigational gene transfer clinical trial to treat SPG50.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Thomas Dong
- Department of Pediatrics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Yuhui Hu
- Department of Pediatrics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Raffaella De Pace
- Neurosciences and Cellular and Structural Biology Division, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Rafael Mattera
- Neurosciences and Cellular and Structural Biology Division, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Kathrin Eberhardt
- Department of Neurology and F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Marvin Ziegler
- Department of Neurology and F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Mustafa Sahin
- Department of Neurology and F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Juan S. Bonifacino
- Neurosciences and Cellular and Structural Biology Division, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Darius Ebrahimi-Fakhari
- Department of Neurology and F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Steven J. Gray
- Department of Pediatrics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
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8
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Zhuang L, Li C, Peng F, Xue E, Li W, Sun X, Chen P, Zhou Q, Xue L. Depletion of ESCRT ameliorates APP-induced AD-like symptoms in Drosophila. J Cell Physiol 2023. [PMID: 37183375 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide, produced from amyloid precursor protein (APP) by β and γ-secretases, has been implicated in the etiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the precise intracellular trafficking pathway of APP and its subcellular locations to produce Aβ have remained unclear. To address these issues, we established fly AD models that recapitulated multiple AD-like symptoms by expressing human APP in the Drosophila nerve system. The ESCRT (endosomal sorting complexes required for transport) machinery regulates the sorting and trafficking of endocytosed proteins, yet its role in AD pathogenesis has not been explored in vivo. We found that knockdown of distinct ESCRT components ameliorated APP-induced morphological and behavioral defects, including impaired wing expansion, eye degeneration, dopamine neuron loss, locomotor disability, lifespan shortening, and cognitive deficits. Mechanistically, we showed that impaired ESCRT impeded APP's intracellular transportation from early endosomes to late endosomes, resulting in reduced Aβ production and amyloid deposit load. These data suggest that APP undergoes ESCRT-mediated endocytic trafficking, and Aβ is generated mainly in late endosomes. Our data provide the first in vivo evidence to support a physiological role of ESCRT in AD pathogenesis, suggesting that interfering with ESCRT machinery might be an alternative therapeutic strategy for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luming Zhuang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Diseases Research, School of Life Science and Technology, The First Rehabilitation Hospital of Shanghai, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenglin Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Diseases Research, School of Life Science and Technology, The First Rehabilitation Hospital of Shanghai, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Peng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Diseases Research, School of Life Science and Technology, The First Rehabilitation Hospital of Shanghai, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Elleen Xue
- Mathey College, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | - Wenzhe Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Diseases Research, School of Life Science and Technology, The First Rehabilitation Hospital of Shanghai, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinyue Sun
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Diseases Research, School of Life Science and Technology, The First Rehabilitation Hospital of Shanghai, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Diseases Research, School of Life Science and Technology, The First Rehabilitation Hospital of Shanghai, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Diseases Research, School of Life Science and Technology, The First Rehabilitation Hospital of Shanghai, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Xue
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Diseases Research, School of Life Science and Technology, The First Rehabilitation Hospital of Shanghai, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Zhuhai Precision Medical Center, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Guangdong, Zhuhai, China
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9
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The clathrin adaptor complex-1 and Rab12 regulate post-golgi trafficking of WT epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). J Biol Chem 2023; 299:102979. [PMID: 36739948 PMCID: PMC10017364 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.102979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) plays important roles in cancer progression and is one of the major drug targets for targeted cancer therapy. Although fundamentally important, how newly synthesized EGFR is delivered to the cell surface to perform its cellular functions remains to be further investigated. In this study, we found using the approaches of gene knockout, siRNA knockdown, streptavidin pull-down, and co-immunoprecipitation assays that the clathrin adaptor complex-1 (AP-1) and Rab12 interact with EGFR and regulate the export of EGFR out of the trans-Golgi network (TGN). In addition, the tyrosine residue at the 998 position on human EGFR is critical to bind to AP-1, and this residue is important for TGN export of EGFR. We demonstrate that AP-1 and Rab12 are important for epidermal growth factor-induced phosphorylation of EGFR, cell elongation, and proliferation, suggesting that AP-1-mediated and Rab12-mediated post-Golgi trafficking is important for EGFR signaling. Moreover, TGN export of the constitutively activated mutant form of EGFR (EGFRL858R) is independent of AP-1 and Rab12. Our results reveal insights into the molecular mechanisms that mediate the TGN-to-cell surface delivery of EGFR and indicate that TGN export of WT EGFR and EGFRL858R depends on different cellular factors.
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10
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Pembridge OG, Wallace NS, Clements TP, Jackson LP. AP-4 loss in CRISPR-edited zebrafish affects early embryo development. Adv Biol Regul 2023; 87:100945. [PMID: 36642642 PMCID: PMC9992121 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2022.100945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in the heterotetrametric adaptor protein 4 (AP-4; ε/β4/μ4/σ4 subunits) membrane trafficking coat complex lead to complex neurological disorders characterized by spastic paraplegia, microcephaly, and intellectual disabilities. Understanding molecular mechanisms underlying these disorders continues to emerge with recent identification of an essential autophagy protein, ATG9A, as an AP-4 cargo. Significant progress has been made uncovering AP-4 function in cell culture and patient-derived cell lines, and ATG9A trafficking by AP-4 is considered a potential target for gene therapy approaches. In contrast, understanding how AP-4 trafficking affects development and function at the organismal level has long been hindered by loss of conserved AP-4 genes in key model systems (S. cerevisiae, C. elegans, D. melanogaster). However, zebrafish (Danio rerio) have retained AP-4 and can serve as an important model system for studying both the nervous system and overall development. We undertook gene editing in zebrafish using a CRISPR-ExoCas9 knockout system to determine how loss of single AP-4, or its accessory protein tepsin, genes affect embryo development 24 h post-fertilization (hpf). Single gene-edited embryos display abnormal head morphology and neural necrosis. We further conducted the first exploration of how AP-4 single gene knockouts in zebrafish embryos affect expression levels and patterns of two autophagy genes, atg9a and map1lc3b. This work suggests zebrafish may be further adapted and developed as a tool to uncover AP-4 function in membrane trafficking and autophagy in the context of a model organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia G Pembridge
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Natalie S Wallace
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Thomas P Clements
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Lauren P Jackson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
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11
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Buser DP, Spang A. Protein sorting from endosomes to the TGN. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1140605. [PMID: 36895788 PMCID: PMC9988951 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1140605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Retrograde transport from endosomes to the trans-Golgi network is essential for recycling of protein and lipid cargoes to counterbalance anterograde membrane traffic. Protein cargo subjected to retrograde traffic include lysosomal acid-hydrolase receptors, SNARE proteins, processing enzymes, nutrient transporters, a variety of other transmembrane proteins, and some extracellular non-host proteins such as viral, plant, and bacterial toxins. Efficient delivery of these protein cargo molecules depends on sorting machineries selectively recognizing and concentrating them for their directed retrograde transport from endosomal compartments. In this review, we outline the different retrograde transport pathways governed by various sorting machineries involved in endosome-to-TGN transport. In addition, we discuss how this transport route can be analyzed experimentally.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anne Spang
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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12
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Barlow LD, Maciejowski W, More K, Terry K, Vargová R, Záhonová K, Dacks JB. Comparative Genomics for Evolutionary Cell Biology Using AMOEBAE: Understanding the Golgi and Beyond. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2557:431-452. [PMID: 36512230 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2639-9_26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Taking an evolutionary approach to cell biology can yield important new information about how the cell works and how it evolved to do so. This is true of the Golgi apparatus, as it is of all systems within the cell. Comparative genomics is one of the crucial first steps to this line of research, but comes with technical challenges that must be overcome for rigor and robustness. We here introduce AMOEBAE, a workflow for mid-range scale comparative genomic analyses. It allows for customization of parameters, queries, and taxonomic sampling of genomic and transcriptomics data. This protocol article covers the rationale for an evolutionary approach to cell biological study (i.e., when would AMOEBAE be useful), how to use AMOEBAE, and discussion of limitations. It also provides an example dataset, which demonstrates that the Golgi protein AP4 Epsilon is present as the sole retained subunit of the AP4 complex in basidiomycete fungi. AMOEBAE can facilitate comparative genomic studies by balancing reproducibility and speed with user-input and interpretation. It is hoped that AMOEBAE or similar tools will encourage cell biologists to incorporate an evolutionary context into their research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lael D Barlow
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada. .,Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK.
| | - William Maciejowski
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Kiran More
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Kara Terry
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Romana Vargová
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czechia
| | - Kristína Záhonová
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, BIOCEV, Vestec, Czechia.,Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czechia
| | - Joel B Dacks
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada. .,Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada. .,Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, BIOCEV, Vestec, Czechia. .,Centre for Life's Origin and Evolution, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College of London, London, UK.
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13
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Salayev K, Rocca C, Kaiyrzhanov R, Guliyeva U, Guliyeva S, Mursalova A, Rahman F, Anwar N, Zafar F, Jan F, Rana N, Maqbool S, Efthymiou S, Houlden H. AP4B1-associated hereditary spastic paraplegia: Expansion of clinico-genetic phenotype and geographic range. Eur J Med Genet 2022; 65:104620. [PMID: 36122674 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2022.104620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hereditary spastic paraplegias (HSP) are a group of neurodegenerative diseases that present with weakness and stiffness in the lower limb muscles and lead to progressive neurological decline. Bi-allelic loss-of-function variants in genes that encode subunits of the adaptor protein complex 4 (AP-4) lead to complex HSP. This study aimed to identify causative genetic variants in consanguineous families with HSP from Azerbaijan and Pakistan. METHODS We performed a thorough clinical and neuroradiological characterization followed by exome sequencing in 7 patients from 3 unrelated families. Segregation analysis was subsequently performed by Sanger sequencing. RESULTS We describe 7 patients (4 males, 2-31 years of age) with developmental delay and spasticity. Similar to the previously reported cases with AP4B1-associated HSP, cases in the present report besides spasticity in the lower limbs had additional features including microcephaly, facial dysmorphism, infantile hypotonia, and epilepsy. The imaging findings included thin corpus callosum, white matter loss, and ventriculomegaly. CONCLUSION In this study, we report 7 novel cases of HSP caused by bi-allelic variants in AP4B1 in Azerbaijani and Pakistani families. Our observations will help clinicians observe and compare common and unique clinical features of AP4B1-associated HSP patients, further improving our current understanding of HSP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamran Salayev
- Azerbaijan Medical University, Department of Neurology, Baku, AZ, 1010, Azerbaijan
| | - Clarissa Rocca
- University College London, Institute of Neurology, Department of Neuromuscular Disorders, Queen Square, WC1N 3BG, London, UK
| | - Rauan Kaiyrzhanov
- University College London, Institute of Neurology, Department of Neuromuscular Disorders, Queen Square, WC1N 3BG, London, UK
| | - Ulviyya Guliyeva
- MediClub Hospital, 45, Uzeyir Hajibeyli Str., Baku, AZ, 1010, Azerbaijan
| | - Sughra Guliyeva
- MediClub Hospital, 45, Uzeyir Hajibeyli Str., Baku, AZ, 1010, Azerbaijan
| | - Aytan Mursalova
- Baku City Gerontologic Centre, Azadliq Ave., Baku, Azerbaijan
| | - Fatima Rahman
- Development and Behavioral Pediatrics Department, Institute of Child Health and the Children Hospital, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Najwa Anwar
- Development and Behavioral Pediatrics Department, Institute of Child Health and the Children Hospital, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Faisal Zafar
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, Children's Hospital and Institute of Child Health, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Farida Jan
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Nuzhat Rana
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, Children's Hospital and Institute of Child Health, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Shazia Maqbool
- Development and Behavioral Pediatrics Department, Institute of Child Health and the Children Hospital, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Stephanie Efthymiou
- University College London, Institute of Neurology, Department of Neuromuscular Disorders, Queen Square, WC1N 3BG, London, UK
| | - Henry Houlden
- University College London, Institute of Neurology, Department of Neuromuscular Disorders, Queen Square, WC1N 3BG, London, UK.
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14
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Spatial snapshots of amyloid precursor protein intramembrane processing via early endosome proteomics. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6112. [PMID: 36245040 PMCID: PMC9573879 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33881-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Degradation and recycling of plasma membrane proteins occurs via the endolysosomal system, wherein endosomes bud into the cytosol from the plasma membrane and subsequently mature into degradative lysosomal compartments. While methods have been developed for rapid selective capture of lysosomes (Lyso-IP), analogous methods for isolation of early endosome intermediates are lacking. Here, we develop an approach for rapid isolation of early/sorting endosomes through affinity capture of the early endosome-associated protein EEA1 (Endo-IP) and provide proteomic and lipidomic snapshots of EEA1-positive endosomes in action. We identify recycling, regulatory and membrane fusion complexes, as well as candidate cargo, providing a proteomic landscape of early/sorting endosomes. To demonstrate the utility of the method, we combined Endo- and Lyso-IP with multiplexed targeted proteomics to provide a spatial digital snapshot of amyloid precursor protein (APP) processing by β and γ-Secretases, which produce amyloidogenic Aβ species, and quantify small molecule modulation of Secretase action on endosomes. We anticipate that the Endo-IP approach will facilitate systematic interrogation of processes that are coordinated on EEA1-positive endosomes.
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15
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Kha QH, Tran TO, Nguyen TTD, Nguyen VN, Than K, Le NQK. An interpretable deep learning model for classifying adaptor protein complexes from sequence information. Methods 2022; 207:90-96. [PMID: 36174933 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2022.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Adaptor proteins (APs) are a family of proteins that aids in intracellular membrane trafficking, and their impairments or defects are closely related to various disorders. Traditional methods to identify and classify APs require time and complex techniques, which were then advanced by machine learning and computational approaches to facilitate the APs recognition task. However, most studies focused on recognizing separate ones in the APs family or the APs in general with non-APs, lacking one comprehensive strategy to distinguish the complexes of AP subtypes. Herein, we proposed a novel method to implement one novel task as discriminating the AP complexes in the APs family, utilizing an interpretable deep neural network architecture on sequence-based encoding features. This work also introduced a benchmark data set of AP complexes originating from the UniProt and GeneOntology databases. To assess the robustness of our proposed method, we compared our performance to various machine learning algorithms and feature extraction strategies. Furthermore, the interpretation of the model's prediction performance was implemented using t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (t-SNE), uniform manifold approximation and projection (UMAP), and SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) analysis to show the distribution of AP complexes on optimal features. The promising performance of our architecture can assist scientists not only in AP complexes distinction but also in general protein sequences. Moreover, we have also made our work publicly on GitHub https://github.com/khanhlee/adaptor-dnn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quang-Hien Kha
- International Master/Ph.D. Program in Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Thi-Oanh Tran
- International Ph.D. Program for Cell Therapy and Regeneration Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Trinh-Trung-Duong Nguyen
- Personalised Medicine Cluster, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Van-Nui Nguyen
- University of Information and Communication Technology, Thai Nguyen University, Thai Nguyen, Viet Nam
| | - Khoat Than
- School of Information and Communication Technology, Hanoi University of Science and Technology, Viet Nam
| | - Nguyen Quoc Khanh Le
- Professional Master Program in Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 106, Taiwan; Research Center for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 106, Taiwan; Translational Imaging Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
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16
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Majumder P, Edmison D, Rodger C, Patel S, Reid E, Gowrishankar S. AP-4 regulates neuronal lysosome composition, function, and transport via regulating export of critical lysosome receptor proteins at the trans-Golgi network. Mol Biol Cell 2022; 33:ar102. [PMID: 35976706 PMCID: PMC9635302 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e21-09-0473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The adaptor protein complex-4 or AP-4 is known to mediate autophagosome maturation through regulating sorting of transmembrane cargo such as ATG9A at the Golgi. There is a need to understand AP-4 function in neurons, as mutations in any of its four subunits cause a complex form of hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) with intellectual disability. While AP-4 has been implicated in regulating trafficking and distribution of cargo such as ATG9A and APP, little is known about its effect on neuronal lysosomal protein traffic, lysosome biogenesis and function. In this study, we demonstrate that in human iPSC-derived neurons AP-4 regulates lysosome composition, function and transport via regulating export of critical lysosomal receptors, including Sortilin 1, from the trans-Golgi network to endo-lysosomes. Additionally, loss of AP-4 causes endo-lysosomes to stall and build up in axonal swellings potentially through reduced recruitment of retrograde transport machinery to the organelle. These findings of axonal lysosome build-up are highly reminiscent of those observed in Alzheimer's disease as well as in neurons modelling the most common form of HSP, caused by spastin mutations. Our findings implicate AP-4 as a critical regulator of neuronal lysosome biogenesis and altered lysosome function and axonal endo-lysosome transport as an underlying defect in AP-4 deficient HSP. Additionally, our results also demonstrate the utility of the human i3Neuronal model system in investigating neuronal phenotypes observed in AP-4 deficient mice and/or the human AP-4 deficiency syndrome. [Media: see text] [Media: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyali Majumder
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Daisy Edmison
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Catherine Rodger
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, England, UK
| | - Sruchi Patel
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Evan Reid
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, England, UK
| | - Swetha Gowrishankar
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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17
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Januário YC, Eden J, de Oliveira LS, De Pace R, Tavares LA, da Silva-Januário ME, Apolloni VB, Wilby EL, Altmeyer R, Burgos PV, Corrêa SAL, Gershlick DC, daSilva LLP. Clathrin adaptor AP-1-mediated Golgi export of amyloid precursor protein is crucial for the production of neurotoxic amyloid fragments. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102172. [PMID: 35753347 PMCID: PMC9352552 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease is the accumulation of toxic amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides in extracellular plaques. The direct precursor of Aβ is the carboxyl-terminal fragment β (or C99) of the amyloid precursor protein (APP). C99 is detected at elevated levels in Alzheimer's disease brains, and its intracellular accumulation has been linked to early neurotoxicity independently of Aβ. Despite this, the causes of increased C99 levels are poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that APP interacts with the clathrin vesicle adaptor AP-1 (adaptor protein 1), and we map the interaction sites on both proteins. Using quantitative kinetic trafficking assays, established cell lines and primary neurons, we also show that this interaction is required for the transport of APP from the trans-Golgi network to endosomes. In addition, disrupting AP-1-mediated transport of APP alters APP processing and degradation, ultimately leading to increased C99 production and Aβ release. Our results indicate that AP-1 regulates the subcellular distribution of APP, altering its processing into neurotoxic fragments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunan C Januário
- Center for Virology Research, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jessica Eden
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Luan S de Oliveira
- Center for Virology Research, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil; School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK
| | - Raffaella De Pace
- Cell Biology and Neurobiology Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Lucas A Tavares
- Center for Virology Research, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mara E da Silva-Januário
- Center for Virology Research, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vinícius B Apolloni
- Center for Virology Research, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Elise L Wilby
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Randolf Altmeyer
- Statslab, Department of Pure Mathematics and Mathematical Statistics, University of Cambridgee, Cambridge, UK
| | - Patricia V Burgos
- Centro de Biología Celular y Biomedicina (CEBICEM), Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile; Center for Aging and Regeneration (CARE), Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sonia A L Corrêa
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK; Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - David C Gershlick
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Luis L P daSilva
- Center for Virology Research, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
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18
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Ahmad T, Vullhorst D, Chaudhuri R, Guardia CM, Chaudhary N, Karavanova I, Bonifacino JS, Buonanno A. Transcytosis and trans-synaptic retention by postsynaptic ErbB4 underlie axonal accumulation of NRG3. J Cell Biol 2022; 221:213222. [PMID: 35579602 PMCID: PMC9118086 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202110167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuregulins (NRGs) are EGF-like ligands associated with cognitive disorders. Unprocessed proNRG3 is cleaved by BACE1 to generate the mature membrane-bound NRG3 ligand, but the subcellular site of proNRG3 cleavage, mechanisms underlying its transport into axons, and presynaptic accumulation remain unknown. Using an optogenetic proNRG3 cleavage reporter (LA143-NRG3), we investigate the spatial-temporal dynamics of NRG3 processing and sorting in neurons. In dark conditions, unprocessed LA143-NRG3 is retained in the trans-Golgi network but, upon photoactivation, is cleaved by BACE1 and released from the TGN. Mature NRG3 then emerges on the somatodendritic plasma membrane from where it is re-endocytosed and anterogradely transported on Rab4+ vesicles into axons via transcytosis. By contrast, the BACE1 substrate APP is sorted into axons on Rab11+ vesicles. Lastly, by a mechanism we denote "trans-synaptic retention," NRG3 accumulates at presynaptic terminals by stable interaction with its receptor ErbB4 on postsynaptic GABAergic interneurons. We propose that trans-synaptic retention may account for polarized expression of other neuronal transmembrane ligands and receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanveer Ahmad
- Section on Molecular Neurobiology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD,Multidisciplinary Centre for Advanced Research and Studies, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Detlef Vullhorst
- Section on Molecular Neurobiology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD
| | - Rituparna Chaudhuri
- Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, Neurovirology Section, National Brain Research Centre, Haryana, India
| | - Carlos M. Guardia
- Section on Intracellular Protein Trafficking, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD
| | - Nisha Chaudhary
- Multidisciplinary Centre for Advanced Research and Studies, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Irina Karavanova
- Section on Molecular Neurobiology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD
| | - Juan S. Bonifacino
- Section on Intracellular Protein Trafficking, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD
| | - Andres Buonanno
- Section on Molecular Neurobiology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD,Correspondence to Andres Buonanno:
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19
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Yoshida S, Hasegawa T. Beware of Misdelivery: Multifaceted Role of Retromer Transport in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:897688. [PMID: 35601613 PMCID: PMC9120357 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.897688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Retromer is a highly integrated multimeric protein complex that mediates retrograde cargo sorting from endosomal compartments. In concert with its accessory proteins, the retromer drives packaged cargoes to tubular and vesicular structures, thereby transferring them to the trans-Golgi network or to the plasma membrane. In addition to the endosomal trafficking, the retromer machinery participates in mitochondrial dynamics and autophagic processes and thus contributes to cellular homeostasis. The retromer components and their associated molecules are expressed in different types of cells including neurons and glial cells, and accumulating evidence from genetic and biochemical studies suggests that retromer dysfunction is profoundly involved in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer’s Disease and Parkinson’s disease. Moreover, targeting retromer components could alleviate the neurodegenerative process, suggesting that the retromer complex may serve as a promising therapeutic target. In this review, we will provide the latest insight into the regulatory mechanisms of retromer and discuss how its dysfunction influences the pathological process leading to neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Yoshida
- Division of Neurology, Department of Neuroscience and Sensory Organs, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
- Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization Yonezawa Hospital, Yonezawa, Japan
| | - Takafumi Hasegawa
- Division of Neurology, Department of Neuroscience and Sensory Organs, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
- *Correspondence: Takafumi Hasegawa,
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20
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Aow J, Huang TR, Thinakaran G, Koo EH. Enhanced cleavage of APP by co-expressed Bace1 alters the distribution of APP and its fragments in neuronal and non-neuronal cells. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:3073-3090. [PMID: 35266114 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-02733-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease amyloid-beta peptides (Aβ) are generated via sequential cleavage of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) by β-secretase (Bace1) and γ-secretase. Though the precise subcellular location(s) of Bace1-mediated APP cleavage remains unresolved, current models suggest APP internalization into Bace1-containing endosomes is a critical step. However, direct evidence for this model is lacking, and previous reports that probed the APP/Bace1 interaction (using co-expressed APP and Bace1 differentially labeled with fluorescent protein tags) did not determine if APP fluorescence originated from full-length APP (fl-APP) molecules that had internalized from the cell surface pool. METHODS We adapted the bungarotoxin-ligand (BTX) system to label surface APP and track internalized fluorescent APP/BTX puncta in rodent primary neurons co-expressing fluorescently-tagged Bace1. Subsequently, we employed imaging and biochemical-based approaches to measure N- and C-terminal APP epitope levels in primary neurons, N2a neuroblastoma, and HeLa cell lines. RESULTS We hypothesized that surface-labeled APP/BTX puncta would, upon internalization, colocalize with fluorescently-tagged Bace1. Unexpectedly, we observed a dramatic loss of internalized APP in co-transfected neurons and ~ 80-90% loss of surface-resident fl-APP, which we also observed in HeLa and N2a cells. Loss of surface fl-APP could be reversed by a Bace1 inhibitor, suggesting that enhanced Bace1-mediated APP cleavage was responsible for the altered processing and mis-sorting. Importantly, in a C-terminally-tagged APP construct, the majority of C-terminal fluorescence was preserved in HeLa cells despite the loss of N-terminal APP signal. This phenomenon was not only recapitulated in cultured neurons, but also showed a progressive disappearance of the APP N-terminal tag, reflecting continual cleavage of fl-APP by Bace1 away from the cell body. CONCLUSIONS Our results strongly suggested that in APP/Bace1 co-expression approaches, there was significant early and aberrant Bace1-mediated APP cleavage that perturbed fl-APP trafficking from the secretory pathway onwards, resulting in a substantial loss of surface fl-APP, which in turn led to a marked reduction in APP internalization. In C-terminally-tagged APP constructs, a large fraction of the APP fluorescence signal therefore likely arose from fluorescently-tagged β-C-terminal-fragment (β-CTF) or downstream proteolytic derivatives instead of fl-APP. Thus, care is needed in interpreting results where APP is detected only with a C-terminal tag in the presence of Bace1 co-expression, and previous findings may need to be reinterpreted if it is unclear whether fl-APP is present in normal physiological levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Aow
- Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Department of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Tzu-Rung Huang
- Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Gopal Thinakaran
- USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Center and Research Institute and Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Edward H Koo
- Department of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.
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21
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Shen Q, Wu X, Zhang Z, Zhang D, Yang S, Xing D. Gamma frequency light flicker regulates amyloid precursor protein trafficking for reducing β-amyloid load in Alzheimer's disease model. Aging Cell 2022; 21:e13573. [PMID: 35199454 PMCID: PMC8920449 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Inducing gamma oscillations with non‐invasive light flicker has been reported to impact Alzheimer's disease‐related pathology. However, it is unclear which signaling pathways are involved in reducing amyloid load. Here, we found that gamma frequency light flicker increased anchoring of amyloid precursor protein (APP) to the plasma membrane for non‐amyloidogenic processing, and then physically interacted with KCC2, a neuron‐specific K+‐Cl− cotransporter, suggesting that it is essential to maintain surface GABAA receptor α1 levels and reduce β‐amyloid (Aβ) production. Stimulation with such light flicker limited KCC2 internalization and subsequent degradation via both tyrosine phosphorylation and ubiquitination, leading to an increase in surface‐KCC2 levels. Specifically, PKC‐dependent phosphorylation of APP on a serine residue was induced by gamma frequency light flicker, which was responsible for maintaining plasma membrane levels of full‐length APP, leading to its reduced trafficking to endosomes and inhibiting the β‐secretase cleavage pathway. The activated PKC from the gamma frequency light flicker subsequently phosphorylated serine of KCC2 and stabilized it onto the cell surface, which contributed to the upregulation of surface GABAA receptor α1 levels. Together, these data indicate that enhancement of APP trafficking to the plasma membrane via light flicker plays a critical modulatory role in reduction of Aβ load in Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Shen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science South China Normal University Guangzhou China
- College of Biophotonics South China Normal University Guangzhou China
| | - Xiaolei Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science South China Normal University Guangzhou China
- College of Biophotonics South China Normal University Guangzhou China
| | - Zhan Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science South China Normal University Guangzhou China
- College of Biophotonics South China Normal University Guangzhou China
| | - Di Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science South China Normal University Guangzhou China
- College of Biophotonics South China Normal University Guangzhou China
| | - Sihua Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science South China Normal University Guangzhou China
- College of Biophotonics South China Normal University Guangzhou China
| | - Da Xing
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science South China Normal University Guangzhou China
- College of Biophotonics South China Normal University Guangzhou China
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22
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Yoshida S, Hasegawa T. Deciphering the prion-like behavior of pathogenic protein aggregates in neurodegenerative diseases. Neurochem Int 2022; 155:105307. [PMID: 35181393 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2022.105307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are hitherto classified based on their core clinical features, the anatomical distribution of neurodegeneration, and the cell populations mainly affected. On the other hand, the wealth of neuropathological, genetic, molecular and biochemical studies have identified the existence of distinct insoluble protein aggregates in the affected brain regions. These findings have spread the use of a collective term, proteinopathy, for neurodegenerative disorders with particular type of structurally altered protein accumulation. Particularly, a recent breakthrough in this field came with the discovery that these protein aggregates can transfer from one cell to another, thereby converting normal proteins to potentially toxic, misfolded species in a prion-like manner. In this review, we focus specifically on the molecular and cellular basis that underlies the seeding activity and transcellular spreading phenomenon of neurodegeneration-related protein aggregates, and discuss how these events contribute to the disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Yoshida
- Division of Neurology, Department of Neuroscience & Sensory Organs, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, 9808574, Japan; Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization Yonezawa Hospital, Yonezawa, Yamagata, 992-1202, Japan
| | - Takafumi Hasegawa
- Division of Neurology, Department of Neuroscience & Sensory Organs, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, 9808574, Japan.
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23
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Mapping the gene network landscape of Alzheimer's disease through integrating genomics and transcriptomics. PLoS Comput Biol 2022; 18:e1009903. [PMID: 35213535 PMCID: PMC8906581 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Integration of multi-omics data with molecular interaction networks enables elucidation of the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Using the latest genome-wide association studies (GWAS) including proxy cases and the STRING interactome, we identified an AD network of 142 risk genes and 646 network-proximal genes, many of which were linked to synaptic functions annotated by mouse knockout data. The proximal genes were confirmed to be enriched in a replication GWAS of autopsy-documented cases. By integrating the AD gene network with transcriptomic data of AD and healthy temporal cortices, we identified 17 gene clusters of pathways, such as up-regulated complement activation and lipid metabolism, down-regulated cholinergic activity, and dysregulated RNA metabolism and proteostasis. The relationships among these pathways were further organized by a hierarchy of the AD network pinpointing major parent nodes in graph structure including endocytosis and immune reaction. Control analyses were performed using transcriptomics from cerebellum and a brain-specific interactome. Further integration with cell-specific RNA sequencing data demonstrated genes in our clusters of immunoregulation and complement activation were highly expressed in microglia.
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24
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Fourriere L, Cho EHJ, Gleeson PA. Segregation of the membrane cargoes, BACE1 and amyloid precursor protein (APP) throughout the Golgi apparatus. Traffic 2022; 23:158-173. [PMID: 35076977 PMCID: PMC9303681 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The intracellular trafficking of β‐site amyloid precursor protein (APP) cleaving enzyme (BACE1) and APP regulates amyloid‐β production. Our previous work demonstrated that newly synthesized BACE1 and APP are segregated into distinct trafficking pathways from the trans‐Golgi network (TGN), and that alterations in their trafficking lead to an increase in Aβ production in non‐neuronal and neuronal cells. However, it is not known whether BACE1 and APP are transported through the Golgi stacks together and sorted at the TGN or segregated prior to arrival at the TGN. To address this question, we have used high‐resolution Airyscan technology followed by Huygens deconvolution to quantify the overlap of BACE1 and APP in Golgi subcompartments in HeLa cells and primary neurons. Here, we show that APP and BACE1 are segregated, on exit from the endoplasmic reticulum and in the cis‐Golgi and throughout the Golgi stack. In contrast, the transferrin receptor, which exits the TGN in AP‐1 mediated transport carriers as for BACE1, colocalizes with BACE1, but not APP, throughout the Golgi stack. The segregation of APP and BACE1 is independent of the Golgi ribbon structure and the cytoplasmic domain of the cargo. Overall, our findings reveal the segregation of different membrane cargoes early in the secretory pathway, a finding relevant to the regulation of APP processing events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lou Fourriere
- The Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ellie Hyun-Jung Cho
- The Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Biological Optical Microscopy Platform, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Paul A Gleeson
- The Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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25
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Eastman G, Sharlow ER, Lazo JS, Bloom GS, Sotelo-Silveira JR. Transcriptome and Translatome Regulation of Pathogenesis in Alzheimer's Disease Model Mice. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 86:365-386. [PMID: 35034904 DOI: 10.3233/jad-215357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Defining cellular mechanisms that drive Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis and progression will be aided by studies defining how gene expression patterns change during pre-symptomatic AD and ensuing periods of declining cognition. Previous studies have emphasized changes in transcriptome, but not translatome regulation, leaving the ultimate results of gene expression alterations relatively unexplored in the context of AD. OBJECTIVE To identify genes whose expression might be regulated at the transcriptome and translatome levels in AD, we analyzed gene expression in cerebral cortex of two AD model mouse strains, CVN (APPSwDI;NOS2 -/- ) and Tg2576 (APPSw), and their companion wild type (WT) strains at 6 months of age by tandem RNA-Seq and Ribo-Seq (ribosome profiling). METHODS Identical starting pools of bulk RNA were used for RNA-Seq and Ribo-Seq. Differential gene expression analysis was performed at the transcriptome, translatome, and translational efficiency levels. Regulated genes were functionally evaluated by gene ontology tools. RESULTS Compared to WT mice, AD model mice had similar levels of transcriptome regulation, but differences in translatome regulation. A microglial signature associated with early stages of Aβ accumulation was upregulated at both levels in CVN mice. Although the two mice strains did not share many regulated genes, they showed common regulated pathways related to AβPP metabolism associated with neurotoxicity and neuroprotection. CONCLUSION This work represents the first genome-wide study of brain translatome regulation in animal models of AD and provides evidence of a tight and early translatome regulation of gene expression controlling the balance between neuroprotective and neurodegenerative processes in brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Eastman
- Departamento de Genómica, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Ministerio de Educación y Cultura, Montevideo, Uruguay.,Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Elizabeth R Sharlow
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - John S Lazo
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.,Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - George S Bloom
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.,Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - José R Sotelo-Silveira
- Departamento de Genómica, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Ministerio de Educación y Cultura, Montevideo, Uruguay.,Sección Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
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26
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Nowakowska-Gołacka J, Czapiewska J, Sominka H, Sowa-Rogozińska N, Słomińska-Wojewódzka M. EDEM1 Regulates Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP) Metabolism and Amyloid-β Production. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010117. [PMID: 35008544 PMCID: PMC8745108 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) degradation-enhancing α-mannosidase-like protein 1 (EDEM1) is a quality control factor directly involved in the endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD) process. It recognizes terminally misfolded proteins and directs them to retrotranslocation which is followed by proteasomal degradation in the cytosol. The amyloid-β precursor protein (APP) is synthesized and N-glycosylated in the ER and transported to the Golgi for maturation before being delivered to the cell surface. The amyloidogenic cleavage pathway of APP leads to production of amyloid-β (Aβ), deposited in the brains of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients. Here, using biochemical methods applied to human embryonic kidney, HEK293, and SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells, we show that EDEM1 is an important regulatory factor involved in APP metabolism. We find that APP cellular levels are significantly reduced after EDEM1 overproduction and are increased in cells with downregulated EDEM1. We also report on EDEM1-dependent transport of APP from the ER to the cytosol that leads to proteasomal degradation of APP. EDEM1 directly interacts with APP. Furthermore, overproduction of EDEM1 results in decreased Aβ40 and Aβ42 secretion. These findings indicate that EDEM1 is a novel regulator of APP metabolism through ERAD.
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27
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Ford C, Parchure A, von Blume J, Burd CG. Cargo sorting at the trans-Golgi network at a glance. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:jcs259110. [PMID: 34870705 PMCID: PMC8714066 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.259110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The Golgi functions principally in the biogenesis and trafficking of glycoproteins and lipids. It is compartmentalized into multiple flattened adherent membrane sacs termed cisternae, which each contain a distinct repertoire of resident proteins, principally enzymes that modify newly synthesized proteins and lipids sequentially as they traffic through the stack of Golgi cisternae. Upon reaching the final compartments of the Golgi, the trans cisterna and trans-Golgi network (TGN), processed glycoproteins and lipids are packaged into coated and non-coated transport carriers derived from the trans Golgi and TGN. The cargoes of clathrin-coated vesicles are chiefly residents of endo-lysosomal organelles, while uncoated carriers ferry cargo to the cell surface. There are outstanding questions regarding the mechanisms of protein and lipid sorting within the Golgi for export to different organelles. Nonetheless, conceptual advances have begun to define the key molecular features of cargo clients and the mechanisms underlying their sorting into distinct export pathways, which we have collated in this Cell Science at a Glance article and the accompanying poster.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Julia von Blume
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Christopher G. Burd
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
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28
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Shin J, Nile A, Oh JW. Role of adaptin protein complexes in intracellular trafficking and their impact on diseases. Bioengineered 2021; 12:8259-8278. [PMID: 34565296 PMCID: PMC8806629 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1982846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Adaptin proteins (APs) play a crucial role in intracellular cell trafficking. The 'classical' role of APs is carried out by AP1‒3, which bind to clathrin, cargo, and accessory proteins. Accordingly, AP1-3 are crucial for both vesicle formation and sorting. All APs consist of four subunits that are indispensable for their functions. In fact, based on studies using cells, model organism knockdown/knock-out, and human variants, each subunit plays crucial roles and contributes to the specificity of each AP. These studies also revealed that the sorting and intracellular trafficking function of AP can exert varying effects on pathology by controlling features such as cell development, signal transduction related to the apoptosis and proliferation pathways in cancer cells, organelle integrity, receptor presentation, and viral infection. Although the roles and functions of AP1‒3 are relatively well studied, the functions of the less abundant and more recently identified APs, AP4 and AP5, are still to be investigated. Further studies on these APs may enable a better understanding and targeting of specific diseases.APs known or suggested locations and functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhyun Shin
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology and Animal Resources Research Center, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Arti Nile
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology and Animal Resources Research Center, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Wook Oh
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology and Animal Resources Research Center, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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29
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Chen J, Luo B, Zhong BR, Li KY, Wen QX, Song L, Xiang XJ, Zhou GF, Hu LT, Deng XJ, Ma YL, Chen GJ. Sulfuretin exerts diversified functions in the processing of amyloid precursor protein. Genes Dis 2021; 8:867-881. [PMID: 34522714 PMCID: PMC8427253 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2020.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Sulfuretin is a flavonoid that protects cell from damage induced by reactive oxygen species and inflammation. In this study, we investigated the role of sulfuretin in the processing of amyloid precursor protein (APP), in association with the two catalytic enzymes the α-secretase a disintegrin and metalloproteinase (ADAM10), and the beta-site APP cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) that play important roles in the generation of β amyloid protein (Aβ) in Alzheimer's disease (AD). We found that sulfuretin increased the levels of the immature but not the mature form of ADAM10 protein. The enhanced ADAM10 transcription by sulfuretin was mediated by the nucleotides −444 to −300 in the promoter region, and was attenuated by silencing or mutation of transcription factor retinoid X receptor (RXR) and by GW6471, a specific inhibitor of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPAR-α). We further found that sulfuretin preferentially increased protein levels of the immature form of APP (im-APP) but significantly reduced those of BACE1, sAPPβ and β-CTF, whereas Aβ1-42 levels were slightly increased. Finally, the effect of sulfuretin on BACE1 and im-APP was selectively attenuated by the translation inhibitor cycloheximide and by lysosomal inhibitor chloroquine, respectively. Taken together, (1) RXR/PPAR-α signaling was involved in sulfuretin-mediated ADAM10 transcription. (2) Alteration of Aβ protein level by sulfuretin was not consistent with that of ADAM10 and BACE1 protein levels, but was consistent with the elevated level of im-APP protein, suggesting that im-APP, an isoform mainly localized to trans-Golgi network, plays an important role in Aβ generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, 1 Youyi Road, Chongqing, 400016, PR China
| | - Biao Luo
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, 1 Youyi Road, Chongqing, 400016, PR China
| | - Bi-Rou Zhong
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, 1 Youyi Road, Chongqing, 400016, PR China
| | - Kun-Yi Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, 1 Youyi Road, Chongqing, 400016, PR China
| | - Qi-Xin Wen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, 1 Youyi Road, Chongqing, 400016, PR China
| | - Li Song
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, 1 Youyi Road, Chongqing, 400016, PR China
| | - Xiao-Jiao Xiang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, 1 Youyi Road, Chongqing, 400016, PR China
| | - Gui-Feng Zhou
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, 1 Youyi Road, Chongqing, 400016, PR China
| | - Li-Tian Hu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, 1 Youyi Road, Chongqing, 400016, PR China.,Department of Neurology, Nanchong Central Hospital, The Second Clinical College of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan Province, 637000, PR China
| | - Xiao-Juan Deng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, 1 Youyi Road, Chongqing, 400016, PR China
| | - Yuan-Lin Ma
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, 1 Youyi Road, Chongqing, 400016, PR China
| | - Guo-Jun Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, 1 Youyi Road, Chongqing, 400016, PR China
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30
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Fourriere L, Gleeson PA. Amyloid β production along the neuronal secretory pathway: Dangerous liaisons in the Golgi? Traffic 2021; 22:319-327. [PMID: 34189821 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
β-amyloid peptides (Aβ) are generated in intracellular compartments of neurons and secreted to form cytotoxic fibrils and plaques. Dysfunctional membrane trafficking contributes to aberrant Aβ production and Alzheimer's disease. Endosomes represent one of the major sites for Aβ production and recently the Golgi has re-emerged also as a major location for amyloid precursor protein (APP) processing and Aβ production. Based on recent findings, here we propose that APP processing in the Golgi is finely tuned by segregating newly-synthesised APP and the β-secretase BACE1 within the Golgi and into distinct trans-Golgi network transport pathways. We hypothesise that there are multiple mechanisms responsible for segregating APP and BACE1 during transit through the Golgi, and that perturbation in Golgi morphology associated with Alzheimer's disease, and or changes in cholesterol metabolism associated with Alzheimer's disease risk factors, may lead to a loss of partitioning and enhanced Aβ production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lou Fourriere
- The Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Paul A Gleeson
- The Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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31
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Uddin MS, Al Mamun A, Rahman MA, Behl T, Perveen A, Hafeez A, Bin-Jumah MN, Abdel-Daim MM, Ashraf GM. Emerging Proof of Protein Misfolding and Interactions in Multifactorial Alzheimer's Disease. Curr Top Med Chem 2021; 20:2380-2390. [PMID: 32479244 DOI: 10.2174/1568026620666200601161703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a devastating neurodegenerative disorder, characterized by the extracellular accumulations of amyloid beta (Aβ) as senile plaques and intracellular aggregations of tau in the form of neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) in specific brain regions. In this review, we focus on the interaction of Aβ and tau with cytosolic proteins and several cell organelles as well as associated neurotoxicity in AD. SUMMARY Misfolded proteins present in cells accompanied by correctly folded, intermediately folded, as well as unfolded species. Misfolded proteins can be degraded or refolded properly with the aid of chaperone proteins, which are playing a pivotal role in protein folding, trafficking as well as intermediate stabilization in healthy cells. The continuous aggregation of misfolded proteins in the absence of their proper clearance could result in amyloid disease including AD. The neuropathological changes of AD brain include the atypical cellular accumulation of misfolded proteins as well as the loss of neurons and synapses in the cerebral cortex and certain subcortical regions. The mechanism of neurodegeneration in AD that leads to severe neuronal cell death and memory dysfunctions is not completely understood until now. CONCLUSION Examining the impact, as well as the consequences of protein misfolding, could help to uncover the molecular etiologies behind the complicated AD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Sahab Uddin
- Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Dhaka, Bangladesh,Pharmakon Neuroscience Research Network, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Abdullah Al Mamun
- Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Dhaka, Bangladesh,Pharmakon Neuroscience Research Network, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Ataur Rahman
- Center for Neuroscience, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tapan Behl
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Asma Perveen
- Glocal School of Life Sciences, Glocal University, Saharanpur, India
| | - Abdul Hafeez
- Glocal School of Pharmacy, Glocal University, Saharanpur, India
| | - May N Bin-Jumah
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11474, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed M Abdel-Daim
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia,Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Ghulam Md Ashraf
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia,Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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32
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A novel loss of function mutation in adaptor protein complex 4, subunit mu-1 causing autosomal recessive spastic paraplegia 50. Neurol Sci 2021; 42:5311-5319. [PMID: 33884525 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-021-05262-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spastic paraplegia 50 (SPG50) is a rare autosomal recessive inherited disorder characterized by spasticity, severe intellectual disability and delayed or absent speech. Loss-of-function pathogenic mutations in the AP4M1 gene cause SPG50. METHODS In this study, we investigated the clinical and genetic characteristics of a consanguineous family with two male siblings who had infantile hypotonia that progressed to spasticity, paraplegia in one and quadriplegia in the other patient. In addition, the patients also exhibited neurodevelopmental phenotypes including severe intellectual disability, developmental delay, microcephaly and dysmorphism. RESULTS In order to identify the genetic cause, we performed cytogenetics, whole-exome sequencing and Sanger sequencing. Whole-exome sequencing of the affected siblings and unaffected parents revealed a novel exonic frameshift insertion of eight nucleotides (c.341_342insTGAAGTGC) on exon 4 of the AP4M1 gene. CONCLUSION Insertion of these eight nucleotides in the AP4M1 gene is predicted to result in a premature protein product of 132 amino acids. The truncated protein product lacks a signal binding domain which is essential for protein-protein interactions and the transport of cargo proteins to the membrane. Thus, the identified variant is pathogenic and our study expands the knowledge of clinical and genetic features of SPG50.
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33
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Novikova G, Kapoor M, Tcw J, Abud EM, Efthymiou AG, Chen SX, Cheng H, Fullard JF, Bendl J, Liu Y, Roussos P, Björkegren JL, Liu Y, Poon WW, Hao K, Marcora E, Goate AM. Integration of Alzheimer's disease genetics and myeloid genomics identifies disease risk regulatory elements and genes. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1610. [PMID: 33712570 PMCID: PMC7955030 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21823-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified more than 40 loci associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD), but the causal variants, regulatory elements, genes and pathways remain largely unknown, impeding a mechanistic understanding of AD pathogenesis. Previously, we showed that AD risk alleles are enriched in myeloid-specific epigenomic annotations. Here, we show that they are specifically enriched in active enhancers of monocytes, macrophages and microglia. We integrated AD GWAS with myeloid epigenomic and transcriptomic datasets using analytical approaches to link myeloid enhancer activity to target gene expression regulation and AD risk modification. We identify AD risk enhancers and nominate candidate causal genes among their likely targets (including AP4E1, AP4M1, APBB3, BIN1, MS4A4A, MS4A6A, PILRA, RABEP1, SPI1, TP53INP1, and ZYX) in twenty loci. Fine-mapping of these enhancers nominates candidate functional variants that likely modify AD risk by regulating gene expression in myeloid cells. In the MS4A locus we identified a single candidate functional variant and validated it in human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived microglia and brain. Taken together, this study integrates AD GWAS with multiple myeloid genomic datasets to investigate the mechanisms of AD risk alleles and nominates candidate functional variants, regulatory elements and genes that likely modulate disease susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloriia Novikova
- Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Manav Kapoor
- Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Julia Tcw
- Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Edsel M Abud
- Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Anastasia G Efthymiou
- Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Steven X Chen
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Haoxiang Cheng
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - John F Fullard
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jaroslav Bendl
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yiyuan Liu
- Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Panos Roussos
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Johan Lm Björkegren
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Integrated Cardio Metabolic Centre, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Yunlong Liu
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Wayne W Poon
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Ke Hao
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Edoardo Marcora
- Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Alison M Goate
- Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
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Wang X, Hu H, Li F, Yang B, Komatsu S, Zhou S. Quantitative proteomics reveals dual effects of calcium on radicle protrusion in soybean. J Proteomics 2021; 230:103999. [PMID: 33017647 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2020.103999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
To reveal calcium-mediated germination in soybean, a gel-free/label-free proteomics was performed in radicle of seed imbibed with CaCl2. Morphological analysis presented promoting and suppressing performance of seed growth under 5 and 50 mM CaCl2, respectively. A total of 106 and 581 proteins were identified in response to 5 and 50 mM CaCl2, respectively. Among 33 proteins, which were simultaneously affected by 5 and 50 mM CaCl2 imbibition, proteins related to protein metabolism, cell, development, and stress showed reversed abundance in response to CaCl2 on dose-dependent manner. Notably, protein abundance of late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) 4-5, LEA4, and dehydrin decreased and increased by 5 and 50 mM CaCl2, respectively, consistent with the transcript level. Moreover, inhibited biosynthesis of gibberellic acid repressed growth of 5 mM CaCl2-imbibed soybean, while inhibition of abscisic acid biosynthesis released the suppressing effects of 50 mM CaCl2. Taken together, these results suggest that decreased or increased protein abundance of LEA4-5, LEA4, and dehydrin might determine promoting or suppressing effects of low or high level of calcium on soybean through enhancing seed sensitivity to gibberellic acid or abscisic acid during radicle protrusion. SIGNIFICANCE: Calcium serves as a versatile signal in plant growth; however, calcium-mediated germination on dose-dependent manner remains elusive. In this study, dual effects of calcium on radicle protrusion in soybean were investigated using proteomic approach. Radicle growth of germinating seed was improved by 5 mM CaCl2; however, it was retarded by 50 mM CaCl2. Late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) 4-5, LEA4, and dehydrin displayed converse profiles in response to low and high concentrations of CaCl2 at both protein abundance and gene expression level. Inhibited biosynthesis of gibberellic acid (GA) significantly impeded radicle protrusion in presence of low concentration of CaCl2, while inhibiting of abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis released suppression induced by high concentration of CaCl2. These findings suggest that LEA proteins are associated with calcium-mediated radicle protrusion on dose-dependent manner, and seed sensitivity to GA and ABA might determine promoting and suppressing effects of calcium on radicle protrusion in soybean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Han Hu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Fang Li
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Bingxian Yang
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Setsuko Komatsu
- Faculty of Environmental and Information Sciences, Fukui University of Technology, Fukui 910-8505, Japan
| | - Shunli Zhou
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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Podleśny-Drabiniok A, Marcora E, Goate AM. Microglial Phagocytosis: A Disease-Associated Process Emerging from Alzheimer’s Disease Genetics. Trends Neurosci 2020; 43:965-979. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2020.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Eggert S, Gruebl T, Rajender R, Rupp C, Sander B, Heesch A, Zimmermann M, Hoepfner S, Zentgraf H, Kins S. The Rab5 activator RME-6 is required for amyloid precursor protein endocytosis depending on the YTSI motif. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:5223-5242. [PMID: 32065241 PMCID: PMC7671991 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03467-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Endocytosis of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) is critical for generation of β-amyloid, aggregating in Alzheimer's disease. APP endocytosis depending on the intracellular NPTY motif is well investigated, whereas involvement of the YTSI (also termed BaSS) motif remains controversial. Here, we show that APP lacking the YTSI motif (ΔYTSI) displays reduced localization to early endosomes and decreased internalization rates, similar to APP ΔNPTY. Additionally, we show that the YTSI-binding protein, PAT1a interacts with the Rab5 activator RME-6, as shown by several independent assays. Interestingly, knockdown of RME-6 decreased APP endocytosis, whereas overexpression increased the same. Similarly, APP ΔNPTY endocytosis was affected by PAT1a and RME-6 overexpression, whereas APP ΔYTSI internalization remained unchanged. Moreover, we could show that RME-6 mediated increase of APP endocytosis can be diminished upon knocking down PAT1a. Together, our data identify RME-6 as a novel player in APP endocytosis, involving the YTSI-binding protein PAT1a.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Eggert
- Department of Human Biology and Human Genetics, Technical University of Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Str. 13, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Tomas Gruebl
- Department of Human Biology and Human Genetics, Technical University of Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Str. 13, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Ritu Rajender
- Department of Human Biology and Human Genetics, Technical University of Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Str. 13, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Carsten Rupp
- Department of Human Biology and Human Genetics, Technical University of Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Str. 13, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Bianca Sander
- Department of Human Biology and Human Genetics, Technical University of Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Str. 13, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Amelie Heesch
- Department of Human Biology and Human Genetics, Technical University of Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Str. 13, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Marius Zimmermann
- Department of Human Biology and Human Genetics, Technical University of Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Str. 13, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Sebastian Hoepfner
- MPI of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
- Bird & Bird LLM, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Stefan Kins
- Department of Human Biology and Human Genetics, Technical University of Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Str. 13, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany.
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Ma Y, McClatchy DB, Martínez-Bartolomé S, Bamberger C, Yates JR. Temporal Quantitative Profiling of Newly Synthesized Proteins during Aβ Accumulation. J Proteome Res 2020; 20:763-775. [PMID: 33147027 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.0c00645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Accumulation of aggregated amyloid beta (Aβ) in the brain is believed to impair multiple cellular pathways and play a central role in Alzheimer's disease pathology. However, how this process is regulated remains unclear. In theory, measuring protein synthesis is the most direct way to evaluate a cell's response to stimuli, but to date, there have been few reliable methods to do this. To identify the protein regulatory network during the development of Aβ deposition in AD, we applied a new proteomic technique to quantitate newly synthesized protein (NSP) changes in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus of 2-, 5-, and 9-month-old APP/PS1 AD transgenic mice. This bio-orthogonal noncanonical amino acid tagging analysis combined PALM (pulse azidohomoalanine labeling in mammals) and HILAQ (heavy isotope labeled AHA quantitation) to reveal a comprehensive dataset of NSPs prior to and post Aβ deposition, including the identification of proteins not previously associated with AD, and demonstrated that the pattern of differentially expressed NSPs is age-dependent. We also found dysregulated vesicle transportation networks including endosomal subunits, coat protein complex I (COPI), and mitochondrial respiratory chain throughout all time points and two brain regions. These results point to a pathological dysregulation of vesicle transportation which occurs prior to Aβ accumulation and the onset of AD symptoms, which may progressively impact the entire protein network and thereby drive neurodegeneration. This study illustrates key pathway regulation responses to the development of AD pathogenesis by directly measuring the changes in protein synthesis and provides unique insights into the mechanisms that underlie AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanhui Ma
- Department of Chemical Physiology and Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Daniel B McClatchy
- Department of Chemical Physiology and Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Salvador Martínez-Bartolomé
- Department of Chemical Physiology and Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Casimir Bamberger
- Department of Chemical Physiology and Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - John R Yates
- Department of Chemical Physiology and Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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The role of AP-4 in cargo export from the trans-Golgi network and hereditary spastic paraplegia. Biochem Soc Trans 2020; 48:1877-1888. [PMID: 33084855 DOI: 10.1042/bst20190664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Heterotetrameric adaptor protein (AP) complexes play key roles in protein sorting and transport vesicle formation in the endomembrane system of eukaryotic cells. One of these complexes, AP-4, was identified over 20 years ago but, up until recently, its function remained unclear. AP-4 associates with the trans-Golgi network (TGN) through interaction with small GTPases of the ARF family and recognizes transmembrane proteins (i.e. cargos) having specific sorting signals in their cytosolic domains. Recent studies identified accessory proteins (tepsin, RUSC2 and the FHF complex) that co-operate with AP-4, and cargos (amyloid precursor protein, ATG9A and SERINC3/5) that are exported from the TGN in an AP-4-dependent manner. Defective export of ATG9A from the TGN in AP-4-deficient cells was shown to reduce ATG9A delivery to pre-autophagosomal structures, impairing autophagosome formation and/or maturation. In addition, mutations in AP-4-subunit genes were found to cause neurological dysfunction in mice and a form of complicated hereditary spastic paraplegia referred to as 'AP-4-deficiency syndrome' in humans. These findings demonstrated that mammalian AP-4 is required for the development and function of the central nervous system, possibly through its role in the sorting of ATG9A for the maintenance of autophagic homeostasis. In this article, we review the properties and functions of AP-4, and discuss how they might explain the clinical features of AP-4 deficiency.
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Ebrahimi-Fakhari D, Teinert J, Behne R, Wimmer M, D'Amore A, Eberhardt K, Brechmann B, Ziegler M, Jensen DM, Nagabhyrava P, Geisel G, Carmody E, Shamshad U, Dies KA, Yuskaitis CJ, Salussolia CL, Ebrahimi-Fakhari D, Pearson TS, Saffari A, Ziegler A, Kölker S, Volkmann J, Wiesener A, Bearden DR, Lakhani S, Segal D, Udwadia-Hegde A, Martinuzzi A, Hirst J, Perlman S, Takiyama Y, Xiromerisiou G, Vill K, Walker WO, Shukla A, Dubey Gupta R, Dahl N, Aksoy A, Verhelst H, Delgado MR, Kremlikova Pourova R, Sadek AA, Elkhateeb NM, Blumkin L, Brea-Fernández AJ, Dacruz-Álvarez D, Smol T, Ghoumid J, Miguel D, Heine C, Schlump JU, Langen H, Baets J, Bulk S, Darvish H, Bakhtiari S, Kruer MC, Lim-Melia E, Aydinli N, Alanay Y, El-Rashidy O, Nampoothiri S, Patel C, Beetz C, Bauer P, Yoon G, Guillot M, Miller SP, Bourinaris T, Houlden H, Robelin L, Anheim M, Alamri AS, Mahmoud AAH, Inaloo S, Habibzadeh P, Faghihi MA, Jansen AC, Brock S, Roubertie A, Darras BT, Agrawal PB, Santorelli FM, Gleeson J, Zaki MS, Sheikh SI, Bennett JT, Sahin M. Defining the clinical, molecular and imaging spectrum of adaptor protein complex 4-associated hereditary spastic paraplegia. Brain 2020; 143:2929-2944. [PMID: 32979048 PMCID: PMC7780481 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awz307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Bi-allelic loss-of-function variants in genes that encode subunits of the adaptor protein complex 4 (AP-4) lead to prototypical yet poorly understood forms of childhood-onset and complex hereditary spastic paraplegia: SPG47 (AP4B1), SPG50 (AP4M1), SPG51 (AP4E1) and SPG52 (AP4S1). Here, we report a detailed cross-sectional analysis of clinical, imaging and molecular data of 156 patients from 101 families. Enrolled patients were of diverse ethnic backgrounds and covered a wide age range (1.0-49.3 years). While the mean age at symptom onset was 0.8 ± 0.6 years [standard deviation (SD), range 0.2-5.0], the mean age at diagnosis was 10.2 ± 8.5 years (SD, range 0.1-46.3). We define a set of core features: early-onset developmental delay with delayed motor milestones and significant speech delay (50% non-verbal); intellectual disability in the moderate to severe range; mild hypotonia in infancy followed by spastic diplegia (mean age: 8.4 ± 5.1 years, SD) and later tetraplegia (mean age: 16.1 ± 9.8 years, SD); postnatal microcephaly (83%); foot deformities (69%); and epilepsy (66%) that is intractable in a subset. At last follow-up, 36% ambulated with assistance (mean age: 8.9 ± 6.4 years, SD) and 54% were wheelchair-dependent (mean age: 13.4 ± 9.8 years, SD). Episodes of stereotypic laughing, possibly consistent with a pseudobulbar affect, were found in 56% of patients. Key features on neuroimaging include a thin corpus callosum (90%), ventriculomegaly (65%) often with colpocephaly, and periventricular white-matter signal abnormalities (68%). Iron deposition and polymicrogyria were found in a subset of patients. AP4B1-associated SPG47 and AP4M1-associated SPG50 accounted for the majority of cases. About two-thirds of patients were born to consanguineous parents, and 82% carried homozygous variants. Over 70 unique variants were present, the majority of which are frameshift or nonsense mutations. To track disease progression across the age spectrum, we defined the relationship between disease severity as measured by several rating scales and disease duration. We found that the presence of epilepsy, which manifested before the age of 3 years in the majority of patients, was associated with worse motor outcomes. Exploring genotype-phenotype correlations, we found that disease severity and major phenotypes were equally distributed among the four subtypes, establishing that SPG47, SPG50, SPG51 and SPG52 share a common phenotype, an 'AP-4 deficiency syndrome'. By delineating the core clinical, imaging, and molecular features of AP-4-associated hereditary spastic paraplegia across the age spectrum our results will facilitate early diagnosis, enable counselling and anticipatory guidance of affected families and help define endpoints for future interventional trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darius Ebrahimi-Fakhari
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Julian Teinert
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Child Neurology and Metabolic Medicine, Centre for Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Robert Behne
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Miriam Wimmer
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Angelica D'Amore
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Molecular Medicine, IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Pisa, Italy
| | - Kathrin Eberhardt
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Barbara Brechmann
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marvin Ziegler
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dana M Jensen
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Premsai Nagabhyrava
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Translational Neuroscience Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gregory Geisel
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Translational Neuroscience Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Erin Carmody
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Translational Neuroscience Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Uzma Shamshad
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Translational Neuroscience Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kira A Dies
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Translational Neuroscience Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christopher J Yuskaitis
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Catherine L Salussolia
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel Ebrahimi-Fakhari
- Pediatric Neurology, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg/Saar, Germany
- Department of General Pediatrics, University Children's Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Toni S Pearson
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Afshin Saffari
- Division of Child Neurology and Metabolic Medicine, Centre for Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Ziegler
- Division of Child Neurology and Metabolic Medicine, Centre for Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Kölker
- Division of Child Neurology and Metabolic Medicine, Centre for Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jens Volkmann
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Antje Wiesener
- Institute of Human Genetics, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - David R Bearden
- Child Neurology, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Shenela Lakhani
- Center for Neurogenetics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Devorah Segal
- Center for Neurogenetics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Child Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Anaita Udwadia-Hegde
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Jaslok Hospital and Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Andrea Martinuzzi
- Scientific Institute, IRCCS E. Medea, Unità Operativa Conegliano, Treviso, Italy
| | - Jennifer Hirst
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Seth Perlman
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | | | | | - Katharina Vill
- Pediatric Neurology and Developmental Medicine, Dr. v. Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - William O Walker
- Department of Pediatrics, Seattle Children's Hospital, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Anju Shukla
- Department of Medical Genetics, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | | | - Niklas Dahl
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ayse Aksoy
- Pediatric Neurology, Dr. Sami Ulus Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Helene Verhelst
- Pediatric Neurology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Mauricio R Delgado
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Radka Kremlikova Pourova
- Department of Biology and Medical Genetics, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University and UH Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Abdelrahim A Sadek
- Pediatric Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
| | | | - Lubov Blumkin
- Movement Disorders Clinic, Pediatric Neurology Unit, Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Israel
| | | | - David Dacruz-Álvarez
- Neurología Pediátrica, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Thomas Smol
- CHU Lille, Institut de Génétique Médicale, RADEME, Lille, France
| | - Jamal Ghoumid
- CHU Lille, Institut de Génétique Médicale, RADEME, Lille, France
| | - Diego Miguel
- Serviço de Genética Médica, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Constanze Heine
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | | | - Jonathan Baets
- Neurogenetics Group and Neuromuscular Reference Center, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Saskia Bulk
- Medical Genetics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Hossein Darvish
- Cancer Research Center and Department of Medical Genetics, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Somayeh Bakhtiari
- Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Michael C Kruer
- Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Elizabeth Lim-Melia
- Pediatric Medical Genetics, Maria Fareri Children's Hospital, Valhalla, NY, USA
| | - Nur Aydinli
- Pediatric Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yasemin Alanay
- Pediatric Neurology, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | | | - Chirag Patel
- Genetic Health Queensland, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | | | - Grace Yoon
- Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Mireille Guillot
- Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children and The University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Steven P Miller
- Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children and The University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Thomas Bourinaris
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Henry Houlden
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Laura Robelin
- Service de Neurologie, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Mathieu Anheim
- Service de Neurologie, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Abdullah S Alamri
- Pediatric Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adel A H Mahmoud
- Pediatrics, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Soroor Inaloo
- Neonatal Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Parham Habibzadeh
- Persian BayanGene Research and Training Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Faghihi
- Persian BayanGene Research and Training Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Center for Therapeutic Innovation and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Anna C Jansen
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, UZ Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Stefanie Brock
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, UZ Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Basil T Darras
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pankaj B Agrawal
- Divisions of Newborn Medicine and Genetics and Genomics, The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Joseph Gleeson
- Rady Children's Institute for Genomic Medicine, Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Maha S Zaki
- Clinical Genetics, Human Genetics and Genome Research Division, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - James T Bennett
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Mustafa Sahin
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Translational Neuroscience Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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40
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Wu H, Li T, Zhao J. GRASP55: A Multifunctional Protein. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2020; 21:544-552. [DOI: 10.2174/1389203721666200218105302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
GRASP55 was first found as Golgi cisternae stacking protein. Due to the crucial role of
Golgi in vesicular trafficking and protein modification, GRASP55 was found to function in these two
aspects. Further investigation revealed that GRASP55 also participates in the unconventional secretory
pathway under stress. Moreover, GRASP55 is involved in autophagy initiation and autophagosome
maturation, as well as cell activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongrong Wu
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Tianjiao Li
- Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Jianfeng Zhao
- Institute of Neuroscience, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, China
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41
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Human Golgi phosphoprotein 3 is an effector of RAB1A and RAB1B. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0237514. [PMID: 32790781 PMCID: PMC7425898 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Golgi phosphoprotein 3 (GOLPH3) is a peripheral membrane protein localized at the trans-Golgi network that is also distributed in a large cytosolic pool. GOLPH3 has been involved in several post-Golgi protein trafficking events, but its precise function at the molecular level is not well understood. GOLPH3 is also considered the first oncoprotein of the Golgi apparatus, with important roles in several types of cancer. Yet, it is unknown how GOLPH3 is regulated to achieve its contribution in the mechanisms that lead to tumorigenesis. Binding of GOLPH3 to Golgi membranes depends on its interaction to phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate. However, an early finding showed that GTP promotes the binding of GOLPH3 to Golgi membranes and vesicles. Nevertheless, it remains largely unknown whether this response is consequence of the function of GTP-dependent regulatory factors, such as proteins of the RAB family of small GTPases. Interestingly, in Drosophila melanogaster the ortholog of GOLPH3 interacts with- and behaves as effector of the ortholog of RAB1. However, there is no experimental evidence implicating GOLPH3 as a possible RAB1 effector in mammalian cells. Here, we show that human GOLPH3 interacted directly with either RAB1A or RAB1B, the two isoforms of RAB1 in humans. The interaction was nucleotide dependent and it was favored with GTP-locked active state variants of these GTPases, indicating that human GOLPH3 is a bona fide effector of RAB1A and RAB1B. Moreover, the expression in cultured cells of the GTP-locked variants resulted in less distribution of GOLPH3 in the Golgi apparatus, suggesting an intriguing model of GOLPH3 regulation.
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Gadbery JE, Abraham A, Needle CD, Moth C, Sheehan J, Capra JA, Jackson LP. Integrating structural and evolutionary data to interpret variation and pathogenicity in adapter protein complex 4. Protein Sci 2020; 29:1535-1549. [PMID: 32285480 PMCID: PMC7255511 DOI: 10.1002/pro.3870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Genetic variation in the membrane trafficking adapter protein complex 4 (AP-4) can result in pathogenic neurological phenotypes including microencephaly, spastic paraplegias, epilepsy, and other developmental defects. We lack molecular mechanisms responsible for impaired AP-4 function arising from genetic variation, because AP-4 remains poorly understood structurally. Here, we analyze patterns of AP-4 genetic evolution and conservation to identify regions that are likely important for function and thus more susceptible to pathogenic variation. We map known variants onto an AP-4 homology model and predict the likelihood of pathogenic variation at a given location on the structure of AP-4. We find significant clustering of likely pathogenic variants located at the interface between the β4 and N-μ4 subunits, as well as throughout the C-μ4 subunit. Our work offers an integrated perspective on how genetic and evolutionary forces affect AP-4 structure and function. As more individuals with uncharacterized AP-4 variants are identified, our work provides a foundation upon which their functional effects and disease relevance can be interpreted.
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Affiliation(s)
- John E. Gadbery
- Department of Biological SciencesVanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - Abin Abraham
- Vanderbilt Genetics InstituteVanderbilt University School of MedicineNashvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - Carli D. Needle
- Department of Biological SciencesVanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - Christopher Moth
- Center for Structural BiologyVanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - Jonathan Sheehan
- Center for Structural BiologyVanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTennesseeUSA
- Department of BiochemistryVanderbilt University School of MedicineNashvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - John A. Capra
- Department of Biological SciencesVanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTennesseeUSA
- Vanderbilt Genetics InstituteVanderbilt University School of MedicineNashvilleTennesseeUSA
- Center for Structural BiologyVanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTennesseeUSA
- Department of Biomedical InformaticsVanderbilt University School of MedicineNashvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - Lauren P. Jackson
- Department of Biological SciencesVanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTennesseeUSA
- Center for Structural BiologyVanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTennesseeUSA
- Department of BiochemistryVanderbilt University School of MedicineNashvilleTennesseeUSA
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43
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Chen CD, Zeldich E, Khodr C, Camara K, Tung TY, Lauder EC, Mullen P, Polanco TJ, Liu YY, Zeldich D, Xia W, Van Nostrand WE, Brown LE, Porco JA, Abraham CR. Small Molecule Amyloid-β Protein Precursor Processing Modulators Lower Amyloid-β Peptide Levels via cKit Signaling. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 67:1089-1106. [PMID: 30776010 DOI: 10.3233/jad-180923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by the accumulation of neurotoxic amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides consisting of 39-43 amino acids, proteolytically derived fragments of the amyloid-β protein precursor (AβPP), and the accumulation of the hyperphosphorylated microtubule-associated protein tau. Inhibiting Aβ production may reduce neurodegeneration and cognitive dysfunction associated with AD. We have previously used an AβPP-firefly luciferase enzyme complementation assay to conduct a high throughput screen of a compound library for inhibitors of AβPP dimerization, and identified a compound that reduces Aβ levels. In the present study, we have identified an analog, compound Y10, which also reduced Aβ. Initial kinase profiling assays identified the receptor tyrosine kinase cKit as a putative Y10 target. To elucidate the precise mechanism involved, AβPP phosphorylation was examined by IP-western blotting. We found that Y10 inhibits cKit phosphorylation and increases AβPP phosphorylation mainly on tyrosine residue Y743, according to AβPP751 numbering. A known cKit inhibitor and siRNA specific to cKit were also found to increase AβPP phosphorylation and lower Aβ levels. We also investigated a cKit downstream signaling molecule, the Shp2 phosphatase, and found that known Shp2 inhibitors and siRNA specific to Shp2 also increase AβPP phosphorylation, suggesting that the cKit signaling pathway is also involved in AβPP phosphorylation and Aβ production. We further found that inhibitors of both cKit and Shp2 enhance AβPP surface localization. Thus, regulation of AβPP phosphorylation by small molecules should be considered as a novel therapeutic intervention for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ci-Di Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ella Zeldich
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christina Khodr
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kaddy Camara
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.,Center for Molecular Discovery (BU-CMD), Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tze Yu Tung
- Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Emma C Lauder
- Department of Neuroscience, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Patrick Mullen
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Taryn J Polanco
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yen-Yu Liu
- Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dean Zeldich
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Weiming Xia
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.,Bedford Geriatric Research Education Clinical Center, Bedford VA Medical Center, Bedford, MA, USA
| | - William E Van Nostrand
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| | - Lauren E Brown
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.,Center for Molecular Discovery (BU-CMD), Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John A Porco
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.,Center for Molecular Discovery (BU-CMD), Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Carmela R Abraham
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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44
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Jiang R, Wu XF, Wang B, Guan RX, Lv LM, Li AP, Lei L, Ma Y, Li N, Li QF, Ma QH, Zhao J, Li S. Reduction of NgR in perforant path decreases amyloid-β peptide production and ameliorates synaptic and cognitive deficits in APP/PS1 mice. Alzheimers Res Ther 2020; 12:47. [PMID: 32331528 PMCID: PMC7181577 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-020-00616-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amyloid beta (Aβ) which is recognized as a main feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been proposed to "spread" through anatomically and functionally connected brain regions. The entorhinal cortex and perforant path are the earliest affected brain regions in AD. The perforant path is the most vulnerable circuit in the cortex with respect to both aging and AD. Previous data show that the origins and terminations of the perforant path are susceptible to amyloid deposition at the younger age in AD. Nogo receptor (NgR) plays an essential role in limiting injury-induced axonal growth and experience-dependent plasticity in the adult brain. It has been suggested that NgR is involved in AD pathological features, but the results have been conflicting and the detailed mechanism needs further investigation. In this study, the effect of NgR in the perforant path on the pathological and functional phenotype of APP/PS1 transgenic mice was studied. METHODS To genetically manipulate NgR expression, adeno-associated virus (AAV) with short hairpin (shRNA) against NgR was injected into the perforant path of APP/PS1 transgenic mice, followed by an assessment of behavioral, synaptic plasticity and neuropathological phenotypes. NgR was overexpressed or knockdown in neuroblastoma N2a cells and APPswe/HEK293 cells to investigate the interaction between NgR and amyloid precursor protein (APP). RESULTS It is shown that reduction of NgR in the perforant path rescued cognitive and synaptic deficits in APP/PS1 transgenic mice. Concurrently, Aβ production in the perforant path and levels of soluble Aβ and amyloid plaques in the hippocampus were significantly decreased. There was a positive correlation between the total APP protein level and NgR expression both in transgenic mice and in cultured cells, where the α-secretase and β-secretase cleavage products both changed with APP level in parallel. Finally, NgR might inhibit APP degradation through lysosome by Rho/Rho-associated protein kinases (ROCK) signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate that perforant path NgR plays an important role in regulating APP/Aβ level and cognitive functions in AD transgenic mice, which might be related to the suppression of APP degradation by NgR. Our study suggests that NgR in the perforant path could be a potential target for modulating AD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Jiang
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Cerebral Diseases, Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xue-Fei Wu
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Cerebral Diseases, Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Cerebral Diseases, Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Rong-Xiao Guan
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Drug Research and Development (R&D) of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Lang-Man Lv
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Cerebral Diseases, Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Ai-Ping Li
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Cerebral Diseases, Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Lei Lei
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Drug Research and Development (R&D) of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Ye Ma
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Cerebral Diseases, Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Na Li
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Cerebral Diseases, Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Qi-Fa Li
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Cerebral Diseases, Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Quan-Hong Ma
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Drug Research and Development (R&D) of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Shao Li
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Cerebral Diseases, Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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45
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Mattera R, Williamson CD, Ren X, Bonifacino JS. The FTS-Hook-FHIP (FHF) complex interacts with AP-4 to mediate perinuclear distribution of AP-4 and its cargo ATG9A. Mol Biol Cell 2020; 31:963-979. [PMID: 32073997 PMCID: PMC7185972 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e19-11-0658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The heterotetrameric adaptor protein complex 4 (AP-4) is a component of a protein coat associated with the trans-Golgi network (TGN). Mutations in AP-4 subunits cause a complicated form of autosomal-recessive hereditary spastic paraplegia termed AP-4-deficiency syndrome. Recent studies showed that AP-4 mediates export of the transmembrane autophagy protein ATG9A from the TGN to preautophagosomal structures. To identify additional proteins that cooperate with AP-4 in ATG9A trafficking, we performed affinity purification-mass spectrometry followed by validation of the hits by biochemical and functional analyses. This approach resulted in the identification of the fused toes homolog-Hook-FHIP (FHF) complex as a novel AP-4 accessory factor. We found that the AP-4-FHF interaction is mediated by direct binding of the AP-4 μ4 subunit to coiled-coil domains in the Hook1 and Hook2 subunits of FHF. Knockdown of FHF subunits resulted in dispersal of AP-4 and ATG9A from the perinuclear region of the cell, consistent with the previously demonstrated role of the FHF complex in coupling organelles to the microtubule (MT) retrograde motor dynein-dynactin. These findings thus uncover an additional mechanism for the distribution of ATG9A within cells and provide further evidence for a role of protein coats in coupling transport vesicles to MT motors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Mattera
- Neurosciences and Cellular and Structural Biology Division, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Chad D. Williamson
- Neurosciences and Cellular and Structural Biology Division, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Xuefeng Ren
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology and California Institute of Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Juan S. Bonifacino
- Neurosciences and Cellular and Structural Biology Division, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
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46
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Bustamante HA, Cereceda K, González AE, Valenzuela GE, Cheuquemilla Y, Hernández S, Arias-Muñoz E, Cerda-Troncoso C, Bandau S, Soza A, Kausel G, Kerr B, Mardones GA, Cancino J, Hay RT, Rojas-Fernandez A, Burgos PV. The Proteasomal Deubiquitinating Enzyme PSMD14 Regulates Macroautophagy by Controlling Golgi-to-ER Retrograde Transport. Cells 2020; 9:E777. [PMID: 32210007 PMCID: PMC7140897 DOI: 10.3390/cells9030777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitination regulates several biological processes, however the role of specific members of the ubiquitinome on intracellular membrane trafficking is not yet fully understood. Here, we search for ubiquitin-related genes implicated in protein membrane trafficking performing a High-Content siRNA Screening including 1187 genes of the human "ubiquitinome" using amyloid precursor protein (APP) as a reporter. We identified the deubiquitinating enzyme PSMD14, a subunit of the 19S regulatory particle of the proteasome, specific for K63-Ub chains in cells, as a novel regulator of Golgi-to-endoplasmic reticulum (ER) retrograde transport. Silencing or pharmacological inhibition of PSMD14 with Capzimin (CZM) caused a robust increase in APP levels at the Golgi apparatus and the swelling of this organelle. We showed that this phenotype is the result of rapid inhibition of Golgi-to-ER retrograde transport, a pathway implicated in the early steps of the autophagosomal formation. Indeed, we observed that inhibition of PSMD14 with CZM acts as a potent blocker of macroautophagy by a mechanism related to the retention of Atg9A and Rab1A at the Golgi apparatus. As pharmacological inhibition of the proteolytic core of the 20S proteasome did not recapitulate these effects, we concluded that PSMD14, and the K63-Ub chains, act as a crucial regulatory factor for macroautophagy by controlling Golgi-to-ER retrograde transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hianara A Bustamante
- Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5110566, Chile; (H.A.B.); (A.E.G.); (G.A.M.)
| | - Karina Cereceda
- Centro de Biología Celular y Biomedicina (CEBICEM), Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Lota 2465, Santiago 7510157, Chile; (K.C.); (S.H.); (E.A.-M.); (C.C.-T.); (A.S.); (B.K.); (J.C.)
| | - Alexis E González
- Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5110566, Chile; (H.A.B.); (A.E.G.); (G.A.M.)
| | - Guillermo E Valenzuela
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5110566, Chile; (G.E.V.); (G.K.)
- Instituto de Medicina & Centro Interdisciplinario de Estudios del Sistema Nervioso (CISNe), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5110566, Chile;
| | - Yorka Cheuquemilla
- Instituto de Medicina & Centro Interdisciplinario de Estudios del Sistema Nervioso (CISNe), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5110566, Chile;
| | - Sergio Hernández
- Centro de Biología Celular y Biomedicina (CEBICEM), Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Lota 2465, Santiago 7510157, Chile; (K.C.); (S.H.); (E.A.-M.); (C.C.-T.); (A.S.); (B.K.); (J.C.)
| | - Eloisa Arias-Muñoz
- Centro de Biología Celular y Biomedicina (CEBICEM), Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Lota 2465, Santiago 7510157, Chile; (K.C.); (S.H.); (E.A.-M.); (C.C.-T.); (A.S.); (B.K.); (J.C.)
| | - Cristóbal Cerda-Troncoso
- Centro de Biología Celular y Biomedicina (CEBICEM), Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Lota 2465, Santiago 7510157, Chile; (K.C.); (S.H.); (E.A.-M.); (C.C.-T.); (A.S.); (B.K.); (J.C.)
| | - Susanne Bandau
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, DD1 4HN, Dundee DD1 4HN UK; (S.B.); (R.T.H.)
| | - Andrea Soza
- Centro de Biología Celular y Biomedicina (CEBICEM), Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Lota 2465, Santiago 7510157, Chile; (K.C.); (S.H.); (E.A.-M.); (C.C.-T.); (A.S.); (B.K.); (J.C.)
| | - Gudrun Kausel
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5110566, Chile; (G.E.V.); (G.K.)
| | - Bredford Kerr
- Centro de Biología Celular y Biomedicina (CEBICEM), Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Lota 2465, Santiago 7510157, Chile; (K.C.); (S.H.); (E.A.-M.); (C.C.-T.); (A.S.); (B.K.); (J.C.)
| | - Gonzalo A Mardones
- Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5110566, Chile; (H.A.B.); (A.E.G.); (G.A.M.)
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Estudios del Sistema Nervioso (CISNe), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5110566, Chile
| | - Jorge Cancino
- Centro de Biología Celular y Biomedicina (CEBICEM), Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Lota 2465, Santiago 7510157, Chile; (K.C.); (S.H.); (E.A.-M.); (C.C.-T.); (A.S.); (B.K.); (J.C.)
| | - Ronald T Hay
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, DD1 4HN, Dundee DD1 4HN UK; (S.B.); (R.T.H.)
| | - Alejandro Rojas-Fernandez
- Instituto de Medicina & Centro Interdisciplinario de Estudios del Sistema Nervioso (CISNe), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5110566, Chile;
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, DD1 4HN, Dundee DD1 4HN UK; (S.B.); (R.T.H.)
| | - Patricia V Burgos
- Centro de Biología Celular y Biomedicina (CEBICEM), Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Lota 2465, Santiago 7510157, Chile; (K.C.); (S.H.); (E.A.-M.); (C.C.-T.); (A.S.); (B.K.); (J.C.)
- Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE-UC), Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 83330023, Chile
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47
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Behne R, Teinert J, Wimmer M, D’Amore A, Davies AK, Scarrott JM, Eberhardt K, Brechmann B, Chen IPF, Buttermore ED, Barrett L, Dwyer S, Chen T, Hirst J, Wiesener A, Segal D, Martinuzzi A, Duarte ST, Bennett JT, Bourinaris T, Houlden H, Roubertie A, Santorelli FM, Robinson M, Azzouz M, Lipton JO, Borner GHH, Sahin M, Ebrahimi-Fakhari D. Adaptor protein complex 4 deficiency: a paradigm of childhood-onset hereditary spastic paraplegia caused by defective protein trafficking. Hum Mol Genet 2020; 29:320-334. [PMID: 31915823 PMCID: PMC7001721 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddz310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Deficiency of the adaptor protein complex 4 (AP-4) leads to childhood-onset hereditary spastic paraplegia (AP-4-HSP): SPG47 (AP4B1), SPG50 (AP4M1), SPG51 (AP4E1) and SPG52 (AP4S1). This study aims to evaluate the impact of loss-of-function variants in AP-4 subunits on intracellular protein trafficking using patient-derived cells. We investigated 15 patient-derived fibroblast lines and generated six lines of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived neurons covering a wide range of AP-4 variants. All patient-derived fibroblasts showed reduced levels of the AP4E1 subunit, a surrogate for levels of the AP-4 complex. The autophagy protein ATG9A accumulated in the trans-Golgi network and was depleted from peripheral compartments. Western blot analysis demonstrated a 3-5-fold increase in ATG9A expression in patient lines. ATG9A was redistributed upon re-expression of AP4B1 arguing that mistrafficking of ATG9A is AP-4-dependent. Examining the downstream effects of ATG9A mislocalization, we found that autophagic flux was intact in patient-derived fibroblasts both under nutrient-rich conditions and when autophagy is stimulated. Mitochondrial metabolism and intracellular iron content remained unchanged. In iPSC-derived cortical neurons from patients with AP4B1-associated SPG47, AP-4 subunit levels were reduced while ATG9A accumulated in the trans-Golgi network. Levels of the autophagy marker LC3-II were reduced, suggesting a neuron-specific alteration in autophagosome turnover. Neurite outgrowth and branching were reduced in AP-4-HSP neurons pointing to a role of AP-4-mediated protein trafficking in neuronal development. Collectively, our results establish ATG9A mislocalization as a key marker of AP-4 deficiency in patient-derived cells, including the first human neuron model of AP-4-HSP, which will aid diagnostic and therapeutic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Behne
- Department of Neurology, The F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Julian Teinert
- Department of Neurology, The F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Division of Pediatric Neurology and Metabolic Medicine, Center for Child and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Miriam Wimmer
- Department of Neurology, The F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Angelica D’Amore
- Department of Neurology, The F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Molecular Medicine, IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, 56018 Pisa, Italy
| | - Alexandra K Davies
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
- Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Joseph M Scarrott
- Department of Neuroscience, Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2HQ, UK
| | - Kathrin Eberhardt
- Department of Neurology, The F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Barbara Brechmann
- Department of Neurology, The F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ivy Pin-Fang Chen
- Translational Neuroscience Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Elizabeth D Buttermore
- Translational Neuroscience Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Lee Barrett
- Translational Neuroscience Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sean Dwyer
- Translational Neuroscience Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Teresa Chen
- Translational Neuroscience Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jennifer Hirst
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Antje Wiesener
- Institute of Human Genetics, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Devorah Segal
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York City, NY 10021, USA
| | - Andrea Martinuzzi
- Scientific Institute, IRCCS E. Medea, Unità Operativa Conegliano, 31015 Treviso, Italy
| | - Sofia T Duarte
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Central, 1169-050 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - James T Bennett
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Thomas Bourinaris
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Henry Houlden
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | | | | | - Margaret Robinson
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Mimoun Azzouz
- Department of Neuroscience, Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2HQ, UK
| | - Jonathan O Lipton
- Department of Neurology, The F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Georg H H Borner
- Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Mustafa Sahin
- Department of Neurology, The F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Translational Neuroscience Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Darius Ebrahimi-Fakhari
- Department of Neurology, The F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Tan JZA, Fourriere L, Wang J, Perez F, Boncompain G, Gleeson PA. Distinct anterograde trafficking pathways of BACE1 and amyloid precursor protein from the TGN and the regulation of amyloid-β production. Mol Biol Cell 2020; 31:27-44. [PMID: 31746668 PMCID: PMC6938271 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e19-09-0487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Processing of amyloid precursor protein (APP) by the β-secretase BACE1 is the initial step of the amyloidogenic pathway to generate amyloid-β (Aβ). Although newly synthesized BACE1 and APP are transported along the secretory pathway, it is not known whether BACE1 and APP share the same post-Golgi trafficking pathways or are partitioned into different transport routes. Here we demonstrate that BACE1 exits the Golgi in HeLa cells and primary neurons by a pathway distinct from the trafficking pathway for APP. By using the Retention Using Selective Hooks system, we show that BACE1 is transported from the trans-Golgi network to the plasma membrane in an AP-1- and Arf1/4-dependent manner. Subsequently, BACE1 is endocytosed to early and recycling endosomes. Perturbation of BACE1 post-Golgi trafficking results in an increase in BACE1 cleavage of APP and increased production of both Aβ40 and Aβ42. These findings reveal that Golgi exit of BACE1 and APP in primary neurons is tightly regulated, resulting in their segregation along different transport routes, which limits APP processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhi A. Tan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Lou Fourriere
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Jingqi Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Franck Perez
- Dynamics of Intracellular Organization Laboratory, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Sorbonne Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 144, 75248 Paris, France
| | - Gaelle Boncompain
- Dynamics of Intracellular Organization Laboratory, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Sorbonne Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 144, 75248 Paris, France
| | - Paul A. Gleeson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
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Teinert J, Behne R, Wimmer M, Ebrahimi-Fakhari D. Novel insights into the clinical and molecular spectrum of congenital disorders of autophagy. J Inherit Metab Dis 2020; 43:51-62. [PMID: 30854657 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is a fundamental and conserved catabolic pathway that mediates the degradation of macromolecules and organelles in lysosomes. Autophagy is particularly important to postmitotic and metabolically active cells such as neurons. The complex architecture of neurons and their long axons pose additional challenges for efficient recycling of cargo. Not surprisingly autophagy is required for normal central nervous system development and function. Several single-gene disorders of the autophagy pathway have been discovered in recent years giving rise to a novel group of inborn errors of metabolism referred to as congenital disorders of autophagy. While these disorders are heterogeneous, they share several clinical and molecular characteristics including a prominent and progressive involvement of the central nervous system leading to brain malformations, developmental delay, intellectual disability, epilepsy, movement disorders, and cognitive decline. On brain magnetic resonance imaging a predominant involvement of the corpus callosum, the corticospinal tracts and the cerebellum are noted. A storage disease phenotype is present in some diseases, underscoring both clinical and molecular overlaps to lysosomal storage diseases. This review provides an update on the clinical, imaging, and genetic spectrum of congenital disorders of autophagy and highlights the importance of this pathway for neurometabolism and childhood-onset neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Teinert
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Robert Behne
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Miriam Wimmer
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Darius Ebrahimi-Fakhari
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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50
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McCullough CG, Szelinger S, Belnap N, Ramsey K, Schrauwen I, Claasen AM, Burke LW, Siniard AL, Huentelman MJ, Narayanan V, Craig DW. Utilizing RNA and outlier analysis to identify an intronic splice-altering variant in AP4S1 in a sibling pair with progressive spastic paraplegia. Hum Mutat 2019; 41:412-419. [PMID: 31660686 DOI: 10.1002/humu.23939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
We report a likely pathogenic splice-altering AP4S1 intronic variant in two sisters with progressive spastic paraplegia, global developmental delay, shy character, and foot deformities. Sequencing was completed on whole-blood messenger RNA (mRNA) and analyzed for gene expression outliers after exome sequencing analysis failed to identify a causative variant. AP4S1 was identified as an outlier and contained a rare homozygous variant located three bases upstream of exon 5 (NC_000014.8(NM_007077.4):c.295-3C>A). Confirmed by additional RNA-seq, reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction, and Sanger sequencing, this variant corresponded with exon 5, including skipping, altered isoform usage, and loss of expression from the canonical isoform 2 (NM_001128126.3). Previously, loss-of-function variants within AP4S1 were associated with a quadriplegic cerebral palsy-6 phenotype, AP-4 Deficiency Syndrome. In this study, the inclusion of mRNA-seq allowed for the identification of a previously missed splice-altering variant, and thereby expands the mutational spectrum of AP-4 Deficiency Syndrome to include impacts to some tissue-dependent isoforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmel G McCullough
- Department of Translational Genomics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Szabolcs Szelinger
- Center for Rare Childhood Disorders, Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Newell Belnap
- Center for Rare Childhood Disorders, Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Keri Ramsey
- Center for Rare Childhood Disorders, Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Isabelle Schrauwen
- Center for Rare Childhood Disorders, Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Ana M Claasen
- Center for Rare Childhood Disorders, Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Leah W Burke
- Department of Pediatrics, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Ashley L Siniard
- Center for Rare Childhood Disorders, Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Matthew J Huentelman
- Center for Rare Childhood Disorders, Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Vinodh Narayanan
- Center for Rare Childhood Disorders, Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - David W Craig
- Department of Translational Genomics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
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