1
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Ray A, Rai Y, Inamdar MS. The Endosomal Sorting Complex, ESCRT, has diverse roles in blood progenitor maintenance, lineage choice and immune response. Biol Open 2024; 13:bio060412. [PMID: 38828842 PMCID: PMC11212638 DOI: 10.1242/bio.060412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Most hematological malignancies are associated with reduced expression of one or more components of the Endosomal Sorting Complex Required for Transport (ESCRT). However, the roles of ESCRT in stem cell and progenitor maintenance are not resolved. Parsing signaling pathways in relation to the canonical role of ESCRT poses a challenge. The Drosophila hematopoietic organ, the larval lymph gland, provides a path to dissect the roles of cellular trafficking pathways such as ESCRT in blood development and maintenance. Drosophila has 13 core ESCRT components. Knockdown of individual ESCRTs showed that only Vps28 and Vp36 were required in all lymph gland progenitors. Using the well-conserved ESCRT-II complex as an example of the range of phenotypes seen upon ESCRT depletion, we show that ESCRTs have cell-autonomous as well as non-autonomous roles in progenitor maintenance and differentiation. ESCRT depletion also sensitized posterior lobe progenitors to respond to immunogenic wasp infestation. We also identify key heterotypic roles for ESCRT in position-dependent control of Notch activation to suppress crystal cell differentiation. Our study shows that the cargo sorting machinery determines the identity of progenitors and their adaptability to the dynamic microenvironment. These mechanisms for control of cell fate may tailor developmental diversity in multiple contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arindam Ray
- Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bangalore 560064, India
| | - Yashashwinee Rai
- Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bangalore 560064, India
| | - Maneesha S. Inamdar
- Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bangalore 560064, India
- Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine (DBT-inStem), GKVK Post, Bellary Road, Bangalore 560065, India
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2
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Pfitzner AK, Zivkovic H, Bernat-Silvestre C, West M, Peltier T, Humbert F, Odorizzi G, Roux A. Vps60 initiates alternative ESCRT-III filaments. J Cell Biol 2023; 222:e202206028. [PMID: 37768378 PMCID: PMC10538557 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202206028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Endosomal sorting complex required for transport-III (ESCRT-III) participates in essential cellular functions, from cell division to endosome maturation. The remarkable increase of its subunit diversity through evolution may have enabled the acquisition of novel functions. Here, we characterize a novel ESCRT-III copolymer initiated by Vps60. Membrane-bound Vps60 polymers recruit Vps2, Vps24, Did2, and Ist1, as previously shown for Snf7. Snf7- and Vps60-based filaments can coexist on membranes without interacting as their polymerization and recruitment of downstream subunits remain spatially and biochemically separated. In fibroblasts, Vps60/CHMP5 and Snf7/CHMP4 are both recruited during endosomal functions and cytokinesis, but their localization is segregated and their recruitment dynamics are different. Contrary to Snf7/CHMP4, Vps60/CHMP5 is not recruited during nuclear envelope reformation. Taken together, our results show that Vps60 and Snf7 form functionally distinct ESCRT-III polymers, supporting the notion that diversification of ESCRT-III subunits through evolution is linked to the acquisition of new cellular functions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Henry Zivkovic
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Matt West
- Department of Molecular Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Tanner Peltier
- Department of Molecular Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Frédéric Humbert
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Greg Odorizzi
- Department of Molecular Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Aurélien Roux
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- National Center of Competence in Research in Chemical Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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3
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Mehdi SMM, Szczesniak MW, Ludwików A. The Bro1-like domain-containing protein, AtBro1, modulates growth and abiotic stress responses in Arabidopsis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1157435. [PMID: 37251780 PMCID: PMC10213323 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1157435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) affects plant physiology by altering gene expression, enabling plants to adapt to a wide range of environments. Plants have evolved protective mechanisms to allow seed germination in harsh conditions. Here, we explore a subset of these mechanisms involving the AtBro1 gene, which encodes one of a small family of poorly characterised Bro1-like domain-containing proteins, in Arabidopsis thaliana plants subjected to multiple abiotic stresses. AtBro1 transcripts were upregulated by salt, ABA and mannitol stress, while AtBro1-overexpression lines demonstrated robust tolerance to drought and salt stress. Furthermore, we found that ABA elicits stress-resistance responses in loss-of-function bro1-1 mutant plants and AtBro1 regulates drought resistance in Arabidopsis. When the AtBro1 promoter was fused to the β-glucuronidase (GUS) gene and introduced into plants, GUS was expressed mainly in rosette leaves and floral clusters, especially in anthers. Using a construct expressing an AtBro1-GFP fusion protein, AtBro1 was found to be localized in the plasma membrane in Arabidopsis protoplasts. A broad RNA-sequencing analysis revealed specific quantitative differences in the early transcriptional responses to ABA treatment between wild-type and loss-of-function bro1-1 mutant plants, suggesting that ABA stimulates stress-resistance responses via AtBro1. Additionally, transcripts levels of MOP9.5, MRD1, HEI10, and MIOX4 were altered in bro1-1 plants exposed to different stress conditions. Collectively, our results show that AtBro1 plays a significant role in the regulation of the plant transcriptional response to ABA and the induction of resistance responses to abiotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Muhammad Muntazir Mehdi
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, Poznan, Poland
| | - Michal Wojciech Szczesniak
- Institute of Human Biology and Evolution, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, Poznan, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Ludwików
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, Poznan, Poland
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4
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Tseng CC, Piper RC, Katzmann DJ. Bro1 family proteins harmonize cargo sorting with vesicle formation. Bioessays 2022; 44:e2100276. [PMID: 35770783 PMCID: PMC9575758 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202100276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The Endosomal Sorting Complexes Required for Transport (ESCRTs) drive membrane remodeling in a variety of cellular processes that include the formation of endosomal intralumenal vesicles (ILVs) during multivesicular body (MVB) biogenesis. During MVB sorting, ESCRTs recognize ubiquitin (Ub) attached to membrane protein cargo and execute ILV formation by controlling the activities of ESCRT-III polymers regulated by the AAA-ATPase Vps4. Exactly how these events are coordinated to ensure proper cargo loading into ILVs remains unclear. Here we discuss recent work documenting the ability of Bro1, an ESCRT-associated Ub-binding protein, to coordinate ESCRT-III and Vps4-dependent ILV biogenesis with upstream events such as cargo recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Che Tseng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.,Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Robert C Piper
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - David J Katzmann
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.,Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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5
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Buysse D, West M, Leih M, Odorizzi G. Bro1 binds the Vps20 subunit of ESCRT-III and promotes ESCRT-III regulation by Doa4. Traffic 2022; 23:109-119. [PMID: 34908216 PMCID: PMC8792227 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The budding of intralumenal vesicles (ILVs) at endosomes requires membrane scission by the ESCRT-III complex. This step is negatively regulated in yeast by Doa4, the ubiquitin hydrolase that deubiquitinates transmembrane proteins sorted as cargoes into ILVs. Doa4 acts non-enzymatically to inhibit ESCRT-III membrane scission activity by directly binding the Snf7 subunit of ESCRT-III. This interaction inhibits the remodeling/disassembly of Snf7 polymers required for the ILV membrane scission reaction. Thus, Doa4 is thought to have a structural role that delays ILV budding while it also functions enzymatically to deubiquitinate ILV cargoes. In this study, we show that Doa4 binding to Snf7 in vivo is antagonized by another ESCRT-III subunit, Vps20. Doa4 is restricted from interacting with Snf7 in yeast expressing a mutant Vps20 allele that constitutively binds Doa4. This inhibitory effect of Vps20 is suppressed by overexpression of another ESCRT-III-associated protein, Bro1. We show that Bro1 binds directly to Vps20, suggesting that Bro1 has a central role in relieving the antagonistic relationship that Vps20 has toward Doa4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalton Buysse
- Department of Molecular Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Matt West
- Department of Molecular Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Mitchell Leih
- Department of Molecular Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Greg Odorizzi
- Department of Molecular Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA,Author for correspondence ()
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6
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Walker ME, Watson TL, Large CRL, Berkovich Y, Lang TA, Dunham MJ, Formby S, Jiranek V. OUP accepted manuscript. FEMS Yeast Res 2022; 22:6574411. [PMID: 35472090 PMCID: PMC9329090 DOI: 10.1093/femsyr/foac022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In winemaking, slow or stuck alcoholic fermentation can impact processing efficiency and wine quality. Residual fructose in the later stages of fermentation can leave the wine ‘out of specification’ unless removed, which requires reinoculation or use of a more fructophilic yeast. As such, robust, fermentation efficient strains are still highly desirable to reduce this risk. We report on a combined EMS mutagenesis and Directed Evolution (DE) approach as a ‘proof of concept’ to improve fructose utilization and decrease fermentation duration. One evolved isolate, Tee 9, was evaluated against the parent, AWRI 796 in defined medium (CDGJM) and Semillon juice. Interestingly, Tee 9 exhibited improved fermentation in CDGJM at several nitrogen contents, but not in juice. Genomic comparison between AWRI 796 and Tee 9 identified 371 mutations, but no chromosomal copy number variation. A total of 95 noncoding and 276 coding mutations were identified in 297 genes (180 of which encode proteins with one or more substitutions). Whilst introduction of two of these, Gid7 (E726K) or Fba1 (G135S), into AWRI 796 did not lead to the fermentation improvement seen in Tee 9, similar allelic swaps with the other mutations are needed to understand Tee 9’s adaption to CDGJM. Furthermore, the 378 isolates, potentially mutagenized but with the same genetic background, are likely a useful resource for future phenotyping and genome-wide association studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Christopher R L Large
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, 3720 15th Ave NE, Seattle, WA 98195, United States
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, United States
| | - Yan Berkovich
- Department of Wine Science, The University of Adelaide, PMB 1, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia
| | - Tom A Lang
- Department of Wine Science, The University of Adelaide, PMB 1, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia
| | - Maitreya J Dunham
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, 3720 15th Ave NE, Seattle, WA 98195, United States
| | - Sean Formby
- Bioinformatics Graduate Program, University of British Columbia, Genome Sciences Centre, BCCA, 100-570 West 7th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4S6, Canada
| | - Vladimir Jiranek
- Corresponding author: Department of Wine Science, The University of Adelaide, Urrbrae, SA 5064, Australia. Tel: +61 8 313 5561; E-mail:
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7
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Pashkova N, Gakhar L, Yu L, Schnicker NJ, Minard AY, Winistorfer S, Johnson IE, Piper RC. ANTH domains within CALM, HIP1R, and Sla2 recognize ubiquitin internalization signals. eLife 2021; 10:72583. [PMID: 34821552 PMCID: PMC8648300 DOI: 10.7554/elife.72583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Attachment of ubiquitin (Ub) to cell surface proteins serves as a signal for internalization via clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME). How ubiquitinated membrane proteins engage the internalization apparatus remains unclear. The internalization apparatus contains proteins such as Epsin and Eps15, which bind Ub, potentially acting as adaptors for Ub-based internalization signals. Here, we show that additional components of the endocytic machinery including CALM, HIP1R, and Sla2 bind Ub via their N-terminal ANTH domain, a domain belonging to the superfamily of ENTH and VHS domains. Structural studies revealed that Ub binds with µM affinity to a unique C-terminal region within the ANTH domain not found in ENTH domains. Functional studies showed that combined loss of Ub-binding by ANTH-domain proteins and other Ub-binding domains within the yeast internalization apparatus caused defects in the Ub-dependent internalization of the GPCR Ste2 that was engineered to rely exclusively on Ub as an internalization signal. In contrast, these mutations had no effect on the internalization of Ste2 engineered to use an alternate Ub-independent internalization signal. These studies define new components of the internalization machinery that work collectively with Epsin and Eps15 to specify recognition of Ub as an internalization signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalya Pashkova
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, United States
| | - Lokesh Gakhar
- Carver College of Medicine Protein Crystallography Core, University of Iowa, Iowa City, United States.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, United States
| | - Liping Yu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, United States.,Carver College of Medicine NMR Core, University of Iowa, Iowa City, United States
| | - Nicholas J Schnicker
- Carver College of Medicine Protein Crystallography Core, University of Iowa, Iowa City, United States
| | - Annabel Y Minard
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, United States
| | - Stanley Winistorfer
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, United States
| | - Ivan E Johnson
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, United States
| | - Robert C Piper
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, United States
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8
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Kazan JM, Desrochers G, Martin CE, Jeong H, Kharitidi D, Apaja PM, Roldan A, St. Denis N, Gingras AC, Lukacs GL, Pause A. Endofin is required for HD-PTP and ESCRT-0 interdependent endosomal sorting of ubiquitinated transmembrane cargoes. iScience 2021; 24:103274. [PMID: 34761192 PMCID: PMC8567383 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Internalized and ubiquitinated signaling receptors are silenced by their intraluminal budding into multivesicular bodies aided by the endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRT) machinery. HD-PTP, an ESCRT protein, forms complexes with ESCRT-0, -I and -III proteins, and binds to Endofin, a FYVE-domain protein confined to endosomes with poorly understood roles. Using proximity biotinylation, we showed that Endofin forms a complex with ESCRT constituents and Endofin depletion increased integrin α5-and EGF-receptor plasma membrane density and stability by hampering their lysosomal delivery. This coincided with sustained receptor signaling and increased cell migration. Complementation of Endofin- or HD-PTP-depleted cells with wild-type Endofin or HD-PTP, but not with mutants harboring impaired Endofin/HD-PTP association or cytosolic Endofin, restored EGFR lysosomal delivery. Endofin also promoted Hrs indirect interaction with HD-PTP. Jointly, our results indicate that Endofin is required for HD-PTP and ESCRT-0 interdependent sorting of ubiquitinated transmembrane cargoes to ensure efficient receptor desensitization and lysosomal delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jalal M. Kazan
- Goodman Cancer Research Center, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada
- Biochemistry Department, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Guillaume Desrochers
- Goodman Cancer Research Center, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada
- Biochemistry Department, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Claire E. Martin
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Hyeonju Jeong
- Goodman Cancer Research Center, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada
- Biochemistry Department, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Dmitri Kharitidi
- Goodman Cancer Research Center, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada
- Biochemistry Department, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Pirjo M. Apaja
- Physiology Department, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Ariel Roldan
- Physiology Department, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Nicole St. Denis
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Anne-Claude Gingras
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Gergely L. Lukacs
- Biochemistry Department, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
- Physiology Department, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Arnim Pause
- Goodman Cancer Research Center, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada
- Biochemistry Department, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
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9
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Pashkova N, Yu L, Schnicker NJ, Tseng CC, Gakhar L, Katzmann DJ, Piper RC. Interactions of ubiquitin and CHMP5 with the V domain of HD-PTP reveals role for regulation of Vps4 ATPase. Mol Biol Cell 2021; 32:ar42. [PMID: 34586919 PMCID: PMC8694081 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e21-04-0219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The family of Bro1 proteins coordinates the activity of the Endosomal Sorting Complexes Required for Transport (ESCRTs) to mediate a number of membrane remodeling events. These events culminate in membrane scission catalyzed by ESCRT-III, whose polymerization and disassembly is controlled by the AAA-ATPase, Vps4. Bro1-family members Alix and HD-PTP as well as yeast Bro1 have central “V” domains that noncovalently bind Ub and connect ubiquitinated proteins to ESCRT-driven functions such as the incorporation of ubiquitinated membrane proteins into intralumenal vesicles of multivesicular bodies. Recently, it was discovered that the V domain of yeast Bro1 binds the MIT domain of Vps4 to stimulate its ATPase activity. Here we determine the structural basis for how the V domain of human HD-PTP binds ubiquitin. The HD-PTP V domain also binds the MIT domain of Vps4, and ubiquitin binding to the HD-PTP V domain enhances its ability to stimulate Vps4 ATPase activity. Additionally, we found that V domains of both HD-PTP and Bro1 bind CHMP5 and Vps60, respectively, providing another potential molecular mechanism to alter Vps4 activity. These data support a model whereby contacts between ubiquitin, ESCRT-III, and Vps4 by V domains of the Bro1 family may coordinate late events in ESCRT-driven membrane remodeling events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalya Pashkova
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242
| | - Liping Yu
- NMR facility, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242.,Department of Biochemistry, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242
| | | | - Chun-Che Tseng
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905.,Protein Crystallography Facility, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242
| | - Lokesh Gakhar
- Protein Crystallography Facility, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242
| | - David J Katzmann
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905
| | - Robert C Piper
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242
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10
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Rheinemann L, Thompson T, Mercenne G, Paine EL, Peterson FC, Volkman BF, Alam SL, Alian A, Sundquist WI. Interactions between AMOT PPxY motifs and NEDD4L WW domains function in HIV-1 release. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:100975. [PMID: 34284061 PMCID: PMC8368996 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Like most enveloped viruses, HIV must acquire a lipid membrane as it assembles and buds through the plasma membrane of infected cells to spread infection. Several sets of host cell machinery facilitate this process, including proteins of the endosomal sorting complexes required for transport pathway, which mediates the membrane fission reaction required to complete viral budding, as well as angiomotin (AMOT) and NEDD4L, which bind one another and promote virion membrane envelopment. AMOT and NEDD4L interact through the four NEDD4L WW domains and three different AMOT Pro-Pro-x (any amino acid)-Tyr (PPxY) motifs, but these interactions are not yet well defined. Here, we report that individual AMOT PPxY and NEDD4L WW domains interact with the following general affinity hierarchies: AMOT PPxY1>PPxY2>PPxY3 and NEDD4L WW3>WW2>WW1∼WW4. The unusually high-affinity of the AMOT PPxY1–NEDD4L WW3 interaction accounts for most of the AMOT–NEDD4L binding and is critical for stimulating HIV-1 release. Comparative structural, binding, and virological analyses reveal that complementary ionic and hydrophobic contacts on both sides of the WW–PPxY core interaction account for the unusually high affinity of the AMOT PPxY1–NEDD4L WW3 interaction. Taken together, our studies reveal how the first AMOT PPxY1 motif binds the third NEDD4L WW domain to stimulate HIV-1 viral envelopment and promote infectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Rheinemann
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Tuscan Thompson
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Gaelle Mercenne
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Elliott L Paine
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Francis C Peterson
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Brian F Volkman
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Steven L Alam
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.
| | - Akram Alian
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.
| | - Wesley I Sundquist
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.
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11
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Tseng CC, Dean S, Davies BA, Azmi IF, Pashkova N, Payne JA, Staffenhagen J, West M, Piper RC, Odorizzi G, Katzmann DJ. Bro1 stimulates Vps4 to promote intralumenal vesicle formation during multivesicular body biogenesis. J Cell Biol 2021; 220:212434. [PMID: 34160559 PMCID: PMC8240856 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202102070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRT-0, -I, -II, -III) execute cargo sorting and intralumenal vesicle (ILV) formation during conversion of endosomes to multivesicular bodies (MVBs). The AAA-ATPase Vps4 regulates the ESCRT-III polymer to facilitate membrane remodeling and ILV scission during MVB biogenesis. Here, we show that the conserved V domain of ESCRT-associated protein Bro1 (the yeast homologue of mammalian proteins ALIX and HD-PTP) directly stimulates Vps4. This activity is required for MVB cargo sorting. Furthermore, the Bro1 V domain alone supports Vps4/ESCRT–driven ILV formation in vivo without efficient MVB cargo sorting. These results reveal a novel activity of the V domains of Bro1 homologues in licensing ESCRT-III–dependent ILV formation and suggest a role in coordinating cargo sorting with membrane remodeling during MVB sorting. Moreover, ubiquitin binding enhances V domain stimulation of Vps4 to promote ILV formation via the Bro1–Vps4–ESCRT-III axis, uncovering a novel role for ubiquitin during MVB biogenesis in addition to facilitating cargo recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Che Tseng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.,Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Shirley Dean
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.,Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Brian A Davies
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Ishara F Azmi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.,Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Natalya Pashkova
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Johanna A Payne
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | | | - Matt West
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO
| | - Robert C Piper
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Greg Odorizzi
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO
| | - David J Katzmann
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.,Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
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12
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Rose KM. When in Need of an ESCRT: The Nature of Virus Assembly Sites Suggests Mechanistic Parallels between Nuclear Virus Egress and Retroviral Budding. Viruses 2021; 13:v13061138. [PMID: 34199191 PMCID: PMC8231873 DOI: 10.3390/v13061138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The proper assembly and dissemination of progeny virions is a fundamental step in virus replication. As a whole, viruses have evolved a myriad of strategies to exploit cellular compartments and mechanisms to ensure a successful round of infection. For enveloped viruses such as retroviruses and herpesviruses, acquisition and incorporation of cellular membrane is an essential process during the formation of infectious viral particles. To do this, these viruses have evolved to hijack the host Endosomal Sorting Complexes Required for Transport (ESCRT-I, -II, and -III) to coordinate the sculpting of cellular membrane at virus assembly and dissemination sites, in seemingly different, yet fundamentally similar ways. For instance, at the plasma membrane, ESCRT-I recruitment is essential for HIV-1 assembly and budding, while it is dispensable for the release of HSV-1. Further, HSV-1 was shown to recruit ESCRT-III for nuclear particle assembly and egress, a process not used by retroviruses during replication. Although the cooption of ESCRTs occurs in two separate subcellular compartments and at two distinct steps for these viral lifecycles, the role fulfilled by ESCRTs at these sites appears to be conserved. This review discusses recent findings that shed some light on the potential parallels between retroviral budding and nuclear egress and proposes a model where HSV-1 nuclear egress may occur through an ESCRT-dependent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M Rose
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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13
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Meusser B, Purfuerst B, Luft FC. HIV-1 Gag release from yeast reveals ESCRT interaction with the Gag N-terminal protein region. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:17950-17972. [PMID: 32994219 PMCID: PMC7939435 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.014710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The HIV-1 protein Gag assembles at the plasma membrane and drives virion budding, assisted by the cellular endosomal complex required for transport (ESCRT) proteins. Two ESCRT proteins, TSG101 and ALIX, bind to the Gag C-terminal p6 peptide. TSG101 binding is important for efficient HIV-1 release, but how ESCRTs contribute to the budding process and how their activity is coordinated with Gag assembly is poorly understood. Yeast, allowing genetic manipulation that is not easily available in human cells, has been used to characterize the cellular ESCRT function. Previous work reported Gag budding from yeast spheroplasts, but Gag release was ESCRT-independent. We developed a yeast model for ESCRT-dependent Gag release. We combined yeast genetics and Gag mutational analysis with Gag-ESCRT binding studies and the characterization of Gag-plasma membrane binding and Gag release. With our system, we identified a previously unknown interaction between ESCRT proteins and the Gag N-terminal protein region. Mutations in the Gag-plasma membrane-binding matrix domain that reduced Gag-ESCRT binding increased Gag-plasma membrane binding and Gag release. ESCRT knockout mutants showed that the release enhancement was an ESCRT-dependent effect. Similarly, matrix mutation enhanced Gag release from human HEK293 cells. Release enhancement partly depended on ALIX binding to p6, although binding site mutation did not impair WT Gag release. Accordingly, the relative affinity for matrix compared with p6 in GST-pulldown experiments was higher for ALIX than for TSG101. We suggest that a transient matrix-ESCRT interaction is replaced when Gag binds to the plasma membrane. This step may activate ESCRT proteins and thereby coordinate ESCRT function with virion assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Meusser
- Charité Medical Faculty, Berlin, Germany; Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Friedrich C Luft
- Charité Medical Faculty, Berlin, Germany; Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany; Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Berlin, Germany.
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14
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Suresh HG, Pascoe N, Andrews B. The structure and function of deubiquitinases: lessons from budding yeast. Open Biol 2020; 10:200279. [PMID: 33081638 PMCID: PMC7653365 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.200279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein ubiquitination is a key post-translational modification that regulates diverse cellular processes in eukaryotic cells. The specificity of ubiquitin (Ub) signalling for different bioprocesses and pathways is dictated by the large variety of mono-ubiquitination and polyubiquitination events, including many possible chain architectures. Deubiquitinases (DUBs) reverse or edit Ub signals with high sophistication and specificity, forming an integral arm of the Ub signalling machinery, thus impinging on fundamental cellular processes including DNA damage repair, gene expression, protein quality control and organellar integrity. In this review, we discuss the many layers of DUB function and regulation, with a focus on insights gained from budding yeast. Our review provides a framework to understand key aspects of DUB biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harsha Garadi Suresh
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3E1
| | - Natasha Pascoe
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3E1.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3E1
| | - Brenda Andrews
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3E1.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3E1
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15
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Larios J, Mercier V, Roux A, Gruenberg J. ALIX- and ESCRT-III-dependent sorting of tetraspanins to exosomes. J Cell Biol 2020; 219:133723. [PMID: 32049272 PMCID: PMC7054990 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201904113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The intraluminal vesicles (ILVs) of endosomes mediate the delivery of activated signaling receptors and other proteins to lysosomes for degradation, but they also modulate intercellular communication when secreted as exosomes. The formation of ILVs requires four complexes, ESCRT-0, -I, -II, and -III, with ESCRT-0, -I, and -II presumably involved in cargo sorting and ESCRT-III in membrane deformation and fission. Here, we report that an active form of the ESCRT-associated protein ALIX efficiently recruits ESCRT-III proteins to endosomes. This recruitment occurs independently of other ESCRTs but requires lysobisphosphatidic acid (LBPA) in vivo, and can be reconstituted on supported bilayers in vitro. Our data indicate that this ALIX- and ESCRT-III-dependent pathway promotes the sorting and delivery of tetraspanins to exosomes. We conclude that ALIX provides an additional pathway of ILV formation, secondary to the canonical pathway, and that this pathway controls the targeting of exosomal proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Larios
- Department of Biochemistry, Université de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Vincent Mercier
- Department of Biochemistry, Université de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Aurélien Roux
- Department of Biochemistry, Université de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jean Gruenberg
- Department of Biochemistry, Université de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland
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16
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Koonthongkaew J, Toyokawa Y, Ohashi M, Large CRL, Dunham MJ, Takagi H. Effect of the Ala234Asp replacement in mitochondrial branched-chain amino acid aminotransferase on the production of BCAAs and fusel alcohols in yeast. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020. [PMID: 32776205 DOI: 10.1101/2020.06.26.166157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the mitochondrial branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) aminotransferase Bat1 plays an important role in the synthesis of BCAAs (valine, leucine, and isoleucine). Our upcoming study (Large et al. bioRχiv. 10.1101/2020.06.26.166157, Large et al. 2020) will show that the heterozygous tetraploid beer yeast strain, Wyeast 1056, which natively has a variant causing one amino acid substitution of Ala234Asp in Bat1 on one of the four chromosomes, produced higher levels of BCAA-derived fusel alcohols in the brewer's wort medium than a derived strain lacking this mutation. Here, we investigated the physiological role of the A234D variant Bat1 in S. cerevisiae. Both bat1∆ and bat1A234D cells exhibited the same phenotypes relative to the wild-type Bat1 strain-namely, a repressive growth rate in the logarithmic phase; decreases in intracellular valine and leucine content in the logarithmic and stationary growth phases, respectively; an increase in fusel alcohol content in culture medium; and a decrease in the carbon dioxide productivity. These results indicate that amino acid change from Ala to Asp at position 234 led to a functional impairment of Bat1, although homology modeling suggests that Asp234 in the variant Bat1 did not inhibit enzymatic activity directly. KEY POINTS: • Yeast cells expressing Bat1A234D exhibited a slower growth phenotype. • The Val and Leu levels were decreased in yeast cells expressing Bat1A234D. • The A234D substitution causes a loss-of-function in Bat1. • The A234D substitution in Bat1 increased fusel alcohol production in yeast cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jirasin Koonthongkaew
- Division of Biological Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0192, Japan
| | - Yoichi Toyokawa
- Division of Biological Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0192, Japan
| | - Masataka Ohashi
- Nara Prefecture Institute of Industrial Development, 129-1 Kashiwagi-cho, Nara, Nara, 630-8031, Japan
| | - Christopher R L Large
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, 3720 15th Ave NE, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Maitreya J Dunham
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, 3720 15th Ave NE, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Hiroshi Takagi
- Division of Biological Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0192, Japan.
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17
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Spontaneous Polyploids and Antimutators Compete During the Evolution of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Mutator Cells. Genetics 2020; 215:959-974. [PMID: 32513814 PMCID: PMC7404223 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.120.303333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations affecting DNA polymerase exonuclease domains or mismatch repair (MMR) generate "mutator" phenotypes capable of driving tumorigenesis. Cancers with both defects exhibit an explosive increase in mutation burden that appears to reach a threshold, consistent with selection acting against further mutation accumulation. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae haploid yeast, simultaneous defects in polymerase proofreading and MMR select for "antimutator" mutants that suppress the mutator phenotype. We report here that spontaneous polyploids also escape this "error-induced extinction" and routinely outcompete antimutators in evolved haploid cultures. We performed similar experiments to explore how diploid yeast adapt to the mutator phenotype. We first evolved cells with homozygous mutations affecting polymerase δ proofreading and MMR, which we anticipated would favor tetraploid emergence. While tetraploids arose with a low frequency, in most cultures, a single antimutator clone rose to prominence carrying biallelic mutations affecting the polymerase mutator alleles. Variation in mutation rate between subclones from the same culture suggests that there exists continued selection pressure for additional antimutator alleles. We then evolved diploid yeast modeling MMR-deficient cancers with the most common heterozygous exonuclease domain mutation (POLE-P286R). Although these cells grew robustly, within 120 generations, all subclones carried truncating or nonsynonymous mutations in the POLE-P286R homologous allele (pol2-P301R) that suppressed the mutator phenotype as much as 100-fold. Independent adaptive events in the same culture were common. Our findings suggest that analogous tumor cell populations may adapt to the threat of extinction by polyclonal mutations that neutralize the POLE mutator allele and preserve intratumoral genetic diversity for future adaptation.
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18
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Liu J, Li J, Gao N, Zhang X, Zhao G, Song X. Identification and characterization of a protein Bro1 essential for sophorolipids synthesis in Starmerella bombicola. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 47:437-448. [PMID: 32377991 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-020-02272-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Sophorolipids (SLs) are surface-active molecules produced by the non-pathogenic yeast Starmerella bombicola CGMCC 1576. Several genes involved in the synthesis of SLs have been identified. However, the regulation mechanism of the synthesis pathway for SLs has not been investigated. We recently discovered a protein in S. bombicola, which is structurally related to Yarrowia lipolytica YlBro1. To identify the function of the protein SbBro1 in S. bombicola, the deletion, overexpression, and complementary mutant strains were constructed. We found that the deletion mutant no longer produced SLs. Transcriptome analysis indicated that the expression levels of the key enzyme genes of SLs biosynthetic pathway were significantly down-regulated in the Δbro1, especially the expression level of cyp52m1 encoding the first rate-limiting enzyme in SL synthesis pathway was down-regulated 13-folds and the expression of fatty acid β-oxidation-related enzymes was also down-regulated. This study can give insight into the regulation of SL synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Binhai Road 72, Qingdao, 266237, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiashan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Binhai Road 72, Qingdao, 266237, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Binhai Road 72, Qingdao, 266237, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Binhai Road 72, Qingdao, 266237, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoqin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Binhai Road 72, Qingdao, 266237, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Song
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Binhai Road 72, Qingdao, 266237, Shandong, People's Republic of China. .,National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Binhai Road 72, Qingdao, 266237, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
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19
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Badierah RA, Uversky VN, Redwan EM. Dancing with Trojan horses: an interplay between the extracellular vesicles and viruses. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2020; 39:3034-3060. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1756409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Raied A. Badierah
- Biological Science Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Vladimir N. Uversky
- Biological Science Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
- Laboratory of New Methods in Biology, Institute for Biological Instrumentation, Russian Academy of Sciences, Federal Research Center ‘Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences’, Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Elrashdy M. Redwan
- Biological Science Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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20
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Teng F, Fussenegger M. Shedding Light on Extracellular Vesicle Biogenesis and Bioengineering. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 8:2003505. [PMID: 33437589 PMCID: PMC7788585 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202003505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are biocompatible, nano-sized secreted vesicles containing many types of biomolecules, including proteins, RNAs, DNAs, lipids, and metabolites. Their low immunogenicity and ability to functionally modify recipient cells by transferring diverse bioactive constituents make them an excellent candidate for a next-generation drug delivery system. Here, the recent advances in EV biology and emerging strategies of EV bioengineering are summarized, and the prospects for clinical translation of bioengineered EVs and the challenges to be overcome are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Teng
- Department of Biosystems Science and EngineeringETH ZurichMattenstrasse 26BaselCH‐4058Switzerland
| | - Martin Fussenegger
- Department of Biosystems Science and EngineeringETH ZurichMattenstrasse 26BaselCH‐4058Switzerland
- Faculty of ScienceUniversity of BaselMattenstrasse 26BaselCH‐4058Switzerland
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21
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Schwihla M, Korbei B. The Beginning of the End: Initial Steps in the Degradation of Plasma Membrane Proteins. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:680. [PMID: 32528512 PMCID: PMC7253699 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The plasma membrane (PM), as border between the inside and the outside of a cell, is densely packed with proteins involved in the sensing and transmission of internal and external stimuli, as well as transport processes and is therefore vital for plant development as well as quick and accurate responses to the environment. It is consequently not surprising that several regulatory pathways participate in the tight regulation of the spatiotemporal control of PM proteins. Ubiquitination of PM proteins plays a key role in directing their entry into the endo-lysosomal system, serving as a signal for triggering endocytosis and further sorting for degradation. Nevertheless, a uniting picture of the different roles of the respective types of ubiquitination in the consecutive steps of down-regulation of membrane proteins is still missing. The trans-Golgi network (TGN), which acts as an early endosome (EE) in plants receives the endocytosed cargo, and here the decision is made to either recycled back to the PM or further delivered to the vacuole for degradation. A multi-complex machinery, the endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT), concentrates ubiquitinated proteins and ushers them into the intraluminal vesicles of multi-vesicular bodies (MVBs). Several ESCRTs have ubiquitin binding subunits, which anchor and guide the cargos through the endocytic degradation route. Basic enzymes and the mode of action in the early degradation steps of PM proteins are conserved in eukaryotes, yet many plant unique components exist, which are often essential in this pathway. Thus, deciphering the initial steps in the degradation of ubiquitinated PM proteins, which is the major focus of this review, will greatly contribute to the larger question of how plants mange to fine-tune their responses to their environment.
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22
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Que Y, Xu Z, Wang C, Lv W, Yue X, Xu L, Tang S, Dai H, Wang Z. The putative deubiquitinating enzyme MoUbp4 is required for infection-related morphogenesis and pathogenicity in the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae. Curr Genet 2019; 66:561-576. [PMID: 31872271 DOI: 10.1007/s00294-019-01049-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Ubiquitination is a key regulatory mechanism that affects numerous important biological processes, including cellular differentiation and pathogenesis in eukaryotic cells. Attachment of proteins to ubiquitin is reversed by specialized proteases, deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs), which are essential for precursor processing, maintaining ubiquitin homeostasis and promoting protein degradation by recycling ubiquitins. Here, we report the identification of a novel non-pathogenic T-DNA-tagged mutant T612 of Magnaporthe oryzae with a single insertion in the second exon of MoUBP4, which encodes a putative ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase. Targeted gene deletion mutants of MoUBP4 are significantly reduced in mycelial growth, conidiation, and increased in tolerance to SDS and CR (Congo red) cell-wall damage. The ΔMoubp4 mutants are blocked in penetration and invasive growth, which results in the loss of pathogenicity. Many conidia produced by the ΔMoubp4 mutants are unable to form appressoria and mobilization and degradation of glycogen and lipid droplets are significantly delayed. Moreover, immunohybridization analysis revealed that total protein ubiquitination levels of the null mutants were significantly increased, indicating that MoUbp4 functions as a deubiquitination enzyme. Taken together, we conclude that MoUbp4 is required for deubiquitination, infection-related morphogenesis and pathogenicity in M. oryzae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yawei Que
- State Key Laboratory for Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhe Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunyan Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Wuyun Lv
- State Key Laboratory for Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofeng Yue
- State Key Laboratory for Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuai Tang
- State Key Laboratory for Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Han Dai
- State Key Laboratory for Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengyi Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China.
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23
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Schäfer JA, Schessner JP, Bircham PW, Tsuji T, Funaya C, Pajonk O, Schaeff K, Ruffini G, Papagiannidis D, Knop M, Fujimoto T, Schuck S. ESCRT machinery mediates selective microautophagy of endoplasmic reticulum in yeast. EMBO J 2019; 39:e102586. [PMID: 31802527 PMCID: PMC6960443 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2019102586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
ER‐phagy, the selective autophagy of endoplasmic reticulum (ER), safeguards organelle homeostasis by eliminating misfolded proteins and regulating ER size. ER‐phagy can occur by macroautophagic and microautophagic mechanisms. While dedicated machinery for macro‐ER‐phagy has been discovered, the molecules and mechanisms mediating micro‐ER‐phagy remain unknown. Here, we first show that micro‐ER‐phagy in yeast involves the conversion of stacked cisternal ER into multilamellar ER whorls during microautophagic uptake into lysosomes. Second, we identify the conserved Nem1‐Spo7 phosphatase complex and the ESCRT machinery as key components for micro‐ER‐phagy. Third, we demonstrate that macro‐ and micro‐ER‐phagy are parallel pathways with distinct molecular requirements. Finally, we provide evidence that the ESCRT machinery directly functions in scission of the lysosomal membrane to complete the microautophagic uptake of ER. These findings establish a framework for a mechanistic understanding of micro‐ER‐phagy and, thus, a comprehensive appreciation of the role of autophagy in ER homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin A Schäfer
- DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance and CellNetworks Cluster of Excellence, Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Julia P Schessner
- DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance and CellNetworks Cluster of Excellence, Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter W Bircham
- DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance and CellNetworks Cluster of Excellence, Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Takuma Tsuji
- Research Institute for Diseases of Old Age, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Charlotta Funaya
- Electron Microscopy Core Facility, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Oliver Pajonk
- DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance and CellNetworks Cluster of Excellence, Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Katharina Schaeff
- DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance and CellNetworks Cluster of Excellence, Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Giulia Ruffini
- DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance and CellNetworks Cluster of Excellence, Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dimitrios Papagiannidis
- DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance and CellNetworks Cluster of Excellence, Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Knop
- DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance and CellNetworks Cluster of Excellence, Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Toyoshi Fujimoto
- Research Institute for Diseases of Old Age, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sebastian Schuck
- DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance and CellNetworks Cluster of Excellence, Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH), Heidelberg, Germany
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24
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Abstract
Cellular membranes can form two principally different involutions, which either exclude or contain cytosol. The 'classical' budding reactions, such as those occurring during endocytosis or formation of exocytic vesicles, involve proteins that assemble on the cytosol-excluding face of the bud neck. Inverse membrane involution occurs in a wide range of cellular processes, supporting cytokinesis, endosome maturation, autophagy, membrane repair and many other processes. Such inverse membrane remodelling is mediated by a heteromultimeric protein machinery known as endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT). ESCRT proteins assemble on the cytosolic (or nucleoplasmic) face of the neck of the forming involution and cooperate with the ATPase VPS4 to drive membrane scission or sealing. Here, we review similarities and differences of various ESCRT-dependent processes, with special emphasis on mechanisms of ESCRT recruitment.
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25
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García-León M, Cuyas L, El-Moneim DA, Rodriguez L, Belda-Palazón B, Sanchez-Quant E, Fernández Y, Roux B, Zamarreño ÁM, García-Mina JM, Nussaume L, Rodriguez PL, Paz-Ares J, Leonhardt N, Rubio V. Arabidopsis ALIX Regulates Stomatal Aperture and Turnover of Abscisic Acid Receptors. THE PLANT CELL 2019; 31:2411-2429. [PMID: 31363038 PMCID: PMC6790096 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.19.00399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The plant endosomal trafficking pathway controls the abundance of membrane-associated soluble proteins, as shown for abscisic acid (ABA) receptors of the PYRABACTIN RESISTANCE1/PYR1-LIKE/REGULATORY COMPONENTS OF ABA RECEPTORS (PYR/PYL/RCAR) family. ABA receptor targeting for vacuolar degradation occurs through the late endosome route and depends on FYVE DOMAIN PROTEIN REQUIRED FOR ENDOSOMAL SORTING1 (FYVE1) and VACUOLAR PROTEIN SORTING23A (VPS23A), components of the ENDOSOMAL SORTING COMPLEX REQUIRED FOR TRANSPORT-I (ESCRT-I) complexes. FYVE1 and VPS23A interact with ALG-2 INTERACTING PROTEIN-X (ALIX), an ESCRT-III-associated protein, although the functional relevance of such interactions and their consequences in cargo sorting are unknown. In this study we show that Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) ALIX directly binds to ABA receptors in late endosomes, promoting their degradation. Impaired ALIX function leads to altered endosomal localization and increased accumulation of ABA receptors. In line with this activity, partial loss-of-function alix-1 mutants display ABA hypersensitivity during growth and stomatal closure, unveiling a role for the ESCRT machinery in the control of water loss through stomata. ABA-hypersensitive responses are suppressed in alix-1 plants impaired in PYR/PYL/RCAR activity, in accordance with ALIX affecting ABA responses primarily by controlling ABA receptor stability. ALIX-1 mutant protein displays reduced interaction with VPS23A and ABA receptors, providing a molecular basis for ABA hypersensitivity in alix-1 mutants. Our findings unveil a negative feedback mechanism triggered by ABA that acts via ALIX to control the accumulation of specific PYR/PYL/RCAR receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura Cuyas
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Aix Marseille Université, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, BIAM, UMR7265, SAVE, Saint Paul-Lez-Durance, France
- Centre Mondial de l'Innovation, Groupe Roullier, Saint-Malo, France
| | - Diaa Abd El-Moneim
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Plant Production, Genetic Branch, Faculty of Environmental and Agricultural Sciences, Arish University, North Sinai, Egypt
| | - Lesia Rodriguez
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, ES-46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Borja Belda-Palazón
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, ES-46022 Valencia, Spain
| | | | | | - Brice Roux
- Aix Marseille Université, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, BIAM, UMR7265, SAVE, Saint Paul-Lez-Durance, France
| | - Ángel María Zamarreño
- Department of Environmental Biology, Agricultural Chemistry and Biology Group-CMI Roullier, Faculty of Sciences, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - José María García-Mina
- Department of Environmental Biology, Agricultural Chemistry and Biology Group-CMI Roullier, Faculty of Sciences, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Laurent Nussaume
- Aix Marseille Université, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, BIAM, UMR7265, SAVE, Saint Paul-Lez-Durance, France
| | - Pedro L Rodriguez
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, ES-46022 Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Nathalie Leonhardt
- Aix Marseille Université, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, BIAM, UMR7265, SAVE, Saint Paul-Lez-Durance, France
| | - Vicente Rubio
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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Sanchez JC, Ollodart A, Large CRL, Clough C, Alvino GM, Tsuchiya M, Crane M, Kwan EX, Kaeberlein M, Dunham MJ, Raghuraman MK, Brewer BJ. Phenotypic and Genotypic Consequences of CRISPR/Cas9 Editing of the Replication Origins in the rDNA of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Genetics 2019; 213:229-249. [PMID: 31292210 PMCID: PMC6727806 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.119.302351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The complex structure and repetitive nature of eukaryotic ribosomal DNA (rDNA) is a challenge for genome assembly, thus the consequences of sequence variation in rDNA remain unexplored. However, renewed interest in the role that rDNA variation may play in diverse cellular functions, aside from ribosome production, highlights the need for a method that would permit genetic manipulation of the rDNA. Here, we describe a clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9-based strategy to edit the rDNA locus in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, developed independently but similar to one developed by others. Using this approach, we modified the endogenous rDNA origin of replication in each repeat by deleting or replacing its consensus sequence. We characterized the transformants that have successfully modified their rDNA locus and propose a mechanism for how CRISPR/Cas9-mediated editing of the rDNA occurs. In addition, we carried out extended growth and life span experiments to investigate the long-term consequences that altering the rDNA origin of replication have on cellular health. We find that long-term growth of the edited clones results in faster-growing suppressors that have acquired segmental aneusomy of the rDNA-containing region of chromosome XII or aneuploidy of chromosomes XII, II, or IV. Furthermore, we find that all edited isolates suffer a reduced life span, irrespective of their levels of extrachromosomal rDNA circles. Our work demonstrates that it is possible to quickly, efficiently, and homogeneously edit the rDNA origin via CRISPR/Cas9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph C Sanchez
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
- Bioscience Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos New Mexico 87544
| | - Anja Ollodart
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
| | - Christopher R L Large
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
| | - Courtnee Clough
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
| | - Gina M Alvino
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
| | - Mitsuhiro Tsuchiya
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
| | - Matthew Crane
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
| | - Elizabeth X Kwan
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
| | - Matt Kaeberlein
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
| | - Maitreya J Dunham
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
| | - M K Raghuraman
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
| | - Bonita J Brewer
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
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27
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Smukowski Heil CS, Large CRL, Patterson K, Hickey ASM, Yeh CLC, Dunham MJ. Temperature preference can bias parental genome retention during hybrid evolution. PLoS Genet 2019; 15:e1008383. [PMID: 31525194 PMCID: PMC6762194 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Interspecific hybridization can introduce genetic variation that aids in adaptation to new or changing environments. Here, we investigate how hybrid adaptation to temperature and nutrient limitation may alter parental genome representation over time. We evolved Saccharomyces cerevisiae x Saccharomyces uvarum hybrids in nutrient-limited continuous culture at 15°C for 200 generations. In comparison to previous evolution experiments at 30°C, we identified a number of responses only observed in the colder temperature regime, including the loss of the S. cerevisiae allele in favor of the cryotolerant S. uvarum allele for several portions of the hybrid genome. In particular, we discovered a genotype by environment interaction in the form of a loss of heterozygosity event on chromosome XIII; which species' haplotype is lost or maintained is dependent on the parental species' temperature preference and the temperature at which the hybrid was evolved. We show that a large contribution to this directionality is due to a temperature dependent fitness benefit at a single locus, the high affinity phosphate transporter gene PHO84. This work helps shape our understanding of what forces impact genome evolution after hybridization, and how environmental conditions may promote or disfavor the persistence of hybrids over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiti S. Smukowski Heil
- Genome Sciences Department, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Christopher R. L. Large
- Genome Sciences Department, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Kira Patterson
- Genome Sciences Department, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Angela Shang-Mei Hickey
- Genome Sciences Department, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Chiann-Ling C. Yeh
- Genome Sciences Department, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Maitreya J. Dunham
- Genome Sciences Department, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
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28
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Mosesso N, Nagel MK, Isono E. Ubiquitin recognition in endocytic trafficking - with or without ESCRT-0. J Cell Sci 2019; 132:132/16/jcs232868. [PMID: 31416855 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.232868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to sense and adapt to the constantly changing environment is important for all organisms. Cell surface receptors and transporters are key for the fast response to extracellular stimuli and, thus, their abundance on the plasma membrane has to be strictly controlled. Heteromeric endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRTs) are responsible for mediating the post-translational degradation of endocytosed plasma membrane proteins in eukaryotes and are essential both in animals and plants. ESCRTs bind and sort ubiquitylated cargoes for vacuolar degradation. Although many components that comprise the multi-subunit ESCRT-0, ESCRT-I, ESCRT-II and ESCRT-III complexes are conserved in eukaryotes, plant and animal ESCRTs have diverged during the course of evolution. Homologues of ESCRT-0, which recognises ubiquitylated cargo, have emerged in metazoan and fungi but are not found in plants. Instead, the Arabidopsis genome encodes plant-specific ubiquitin adaptors and a greater number of target of Myb protein 1 (TOM1) homologues than in mammals. In this Review, we summarise and discuss recent findings on ubiquitin-binding proteins in Arabidopsis that could have equivalent functions to ESCRT-0. We further hypothesise that SH3 domain-containing proteins might serve as membrane curvature-sensing endophilin and amphiphysin homologues during plant endocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niccolò Mosesso
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, D-78464 Konstanz, Germany
| | | | - Erika Isono
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, D-78464 Konstanz, Germany
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29
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Ahmed I, Akram Z, Iqbal HMN, Munn AL. The regulation of Endosomal Sorting Complex Required for Transport and accessory proteins in multivesicular body sorting and enveloped viral budding - An overview. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 127:1-11. [PMID: 30615963 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
ESCRT (Endosomal Sorting Complex Required for Transport) machinery drives different cellular processes such as endosomal sorting, organelle biogenesis, vesicular trafficking, maintenance of plasma membrane integrity, membrane fission during cytokinesis and enveloped virus budding. The normal cycle of assembly and disassembly of some ESCRT complexes at the membrane requires the AAA-ATPase vacuolar protein sorting 4 (Vps4p). A number of ESCRT proteins are hijacked by clinically significant enveloped viruses including Ebola, and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) to enable enveloped virus budding and Vps4p provides energy for the disassembly/recycling of these ESCRT proteins. Several years ago, the failure of the terminal budding process of HIV following Vps4 protein inhibition was published; although at that time a detailed understanding of the molecular players was missing. However, later it was acknowledged that the ESCRT machinery has a role in enveloped virus budding from cells due to its role in the multivesicular body (MVB) sorting pathway. The MVB sorting pathway facilitates several cellular activities in uninfected cells, such as the down-regulation of signaling through cell surface receptors as well as the process of viral budding from infected host cells. In this review, we focus on summarising the functional organisation of ESCRT proteins at the membrane and the role of ESCRT machinery and Vps4p during MVB sorting and enveloped viral budding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishtiaq Ahmed
- School of Medical Science, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University (Gold Coast campus), Parklands Drive, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia.
| | - Zain Akram
- School of Medical Science, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University (Gold Coast campus), Parklands Drive, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Hafiz M N Iqbal
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Campus Monterrey, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey, N. L. CP 64849, Mexico
| | - Alan L Munn
- School of Medical Science, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University (Gold Coast campus), Parklands Drive, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia.
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30
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Desrochers G, Kazan JM, Pause A. Structure and functions of His domain protein tyrosine phosphatase in receptor trafficking and cancer. Biochem Cell Biol 2019; 97:68-72. [DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2017-0322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell surface receptors trigger the activation of signaling pathways to regulate key cellular processes, including cell survival and proliferation. Internalization, sorting, and trafficking of activated receptors, therefore, play a major role in the regulation and attenuation of cell signaling. Efficient sorting of endocytosed receptors is performed by the ESCRT machinery, which targets receptors for degradation by the sequential establishment of protein complexes. These events are tightly regulated and malfunction of ESCRT components can lead to abnormal trafficking and sustained signaling and promote tumor formation or progression. In this review, we analyze the modular domain organization of the alternative ESCRT protein HD-PTP and its role in receptor trafficking and tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Desrochers
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Jalal M. Kazan
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Arnim Pause
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada
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31
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Endosomal trafficking of yeast membrane proteins. Biochem Soc Trans 2018; 46:1551-1558. [PMID: 30381337 DOI: 10.1042/bst20180258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 09/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Various membrane trafficking pathways transport molecules through the endosomal system of eukaryotic cells, where trafficking decisions control the localisation and activity of a diverse repertoire of membrane protein cargoes. The budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been used to discover and define many mechanisms that regulate conserved features of endosomal trafficking. Internalised surface membrane proteins first localise to endosomes before sorting to other compartments. Ubiquitination of endosomal membrane proteins is a signal for their degradation. Ubiquitinated cargoes are recognised by the endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) apparatus, which mediate sorting through the multivesicular body pathway to the lysosome for degradation. Proteins that are not destined for degradation can be recycled to other intracellular compartments, such as the Golgi and the plasma membrane. In this review, we discuss recent developments elucidating the mechanisms that drive membrane protein degradation and recycling pathways in yeast.
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32
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Shen J, Zhao Q, Wang X, Gao C, Zhu Y, Zeng Y, Jiang L. A plant Bro1 domain protein BRAF regulates multivesicular body biogenesis and membrane protein homeostasis. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3784. [PMID: 30224707 PMCID: PMC6141507 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05913-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant development, defense, and many physiological processes rely on the endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) machinery to control the homeostasis of membrane proteins by selective vacuolar degradation. Although ESCRT core components are conserved among higher eukaryotes, the regulators that control the function of the ESCRT machinery remain elusive. We recently identified a plant-specific ESCRT component, FREE1, that is essential for multivesicular body/prevacuolar compartment (MVB/PVC) biogenesis and vacuolar sorting of membrane proteins. Here we identify a plant-specific Bro1-domain protein BRAF, which regulates FREE1 recruitment to the MVB/PVC membrane by competitively binding to the ESCRT-I component Vps23. Altogether, we have successfully identified a role for BRAF, whose function as a unique evolutionary ESCRT regulator in orchestrating intraluminal vesicle formation in MVB/PVCs and the sorting of membrane proteins for degradation in plants makes it an important regulatory mechanism underlying the ESCRT machinery in higher eukaryotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinbo Shen
- Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Linan, Hangzhou, 311300, China.
| | - Qiong Zhao
- Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiangfeng Wang
- Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Plant Sciences, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Caiji Gao
- Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University (SCNU), Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yonglun Zeng
- Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Liwen Jiang
- Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China.
- CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518057, China.
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33
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Martínez-Cruz J, Romero D, de la Torre FN, Fernández-Ortuño D, Torés JA, de Vicente A, Pérez-García A. The Functional Characterization of Podosphaera xanthii Candidate Effector Genes Reveals Novel Target Functions for Fungal Pathogenicity. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2018; 31:914-931. [PMID: 29513627 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-12-17-0318-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Podosphaera xanthii is the main causal agent of powdery mildew disease in cucurbits. In a previous study, we determined that P. xanthii expresses approximately 50 Podosphaera effector candidates (PECs), identified based on the presence of a predicted signal peptide and the absence of functional annotation. In this work, we used host-induced gene silencing (HIGS), employing Agrobacterium tumefaciens as a vector for the delivery of the silencing constructs (ATM-HIGS), to identify genes involved in early plant-pathogen interaction. The analysis of seven selected PEC-encoding genes showed that six of them, PEC007, PEC009, PEC019, PEC032, PEC034, and PEC054, are required for P. xanthii pathogenesis, as revealed by reduced fungal growth and increased production of hydrogen peroxide by host cells. In addition, protein models and protein-ligand predictions allowed us to identify putative functions for these candidates. The biochemical activities of PEC019, PEC032, and PEC054 were elucidated using their corresponding proteins expressed in Escherichia coli. These proteins were confirmed as phospholipid-binding protein, α-mannosidase, and cellulose-binding protein. Further, BLAST searches showed that these three effectors are widely distributed in phytopathogenic fungi. These results suggest novel targets for fungal effectors, such as host-cell plasma membrane, host-cell glycosylation, and damage-associated molecular pattern-triggered immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Martínez-Cruz
- 1 Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga and Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea "La Mayora"-Universidad de Málaga-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - Diego Romero
- 1 Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga and Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea "La Mayora"-Universidad de Málaga-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - Fernando N de la Torre
- 2 Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain; and
| | - Dolores Fernández-Ortuño
- 3 Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea "La Mayora"-Universidad de Málaga-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), 29750 Algarrobo-Costa, Málaga, Spain
| | - Juan A Torés
- 3 Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea "La Mayora"-Universidad de Málaga-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), 29750 Algarrobo-Costa, Málaga, Spain
| | - Antonio de Vicente
- 1 Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga and Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea "La Mayora"-Universidad de Málaga-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - Alejandro Pérez-García
- 1 Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga and Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea "La Mayora"-Universidad de Málaga-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), 29071 Málaga, Spain
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34
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Frankel EB, Audhya A. ESCRT-dependent cargo sorting at multivesicular endosomes. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2018; 74:4-10. [PMID: 28797838 PMCID: PMC5803488 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Revised: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) machinery is composed of five multi-subunit protein complexes, which act cooperatively at specialized endosomes to facilitate the movement of specific cargoes from the limiting membrane into vesicles that bud into the endosome lumen. Over the past decade, numerous proteins, lipids, and RNAs have been shown to be incorporated into intralumenal vesicles (ILVs), but the mechanisms by which these unique cargoes are captured are only now becoming better understood. Here, we discuss the potential roles that the ESCRT machinery plays during cargo sorting at multivesicular endosomes (MVEs).
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Affiliation(s)
- E B Frankel
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, 440 Henry Mall, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Anjon Audhya
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, 440 Henry Mall, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
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35
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Romero-Barrios N, Vert G. Proteasome-independent functions of lysine-63 polyubiquitination in plants. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2018; 217:995-1011. [PMID: 29194634 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Contents Summary 995 I. Introduction 995 II. The plant Ub machinery 996 III. From Ub to Ub linkage types in plants 997 IV. Increasing analytical resolution for K63 polyUb in plants 998 V. How to build K63 polyUb chains? 998 VI. Cellular roles of K63 polyUb in plants 999 VII. Physiological roles of K63 polyUb in plants 1004 VIII. Future perspectives: towards the next level of the Ub code 1006 Acknowledgements 1006 References 1007 SUMMARY: Ubiquitination is a post-translational modification essential for the regulation of eukaryotic proteins, having an impact on protein fate, function, localization or activity. What originally appeared to be a simple system to regulate protein turnover by the 26S proteasome is now known to be the most intricate regulatory process cells have evolved. Ubiquitin can be arranged in countless chain assemblies, triggering various cellular outcomes. Polyubiquitin chains using lysine-63 from ubiquitin represent the second most abundant type of ubiquitin modification. Recent studies have exposed their common function in proteasome-independent functions in non-plant model organisms. The existence of lysine-63 polyubiquitination in plants is, however, only just emerging. In this review, we discuss the recent advances on the characterization of ubiquitin chains and the molecular mechanisms driving the formation of lysine-63-linked ubiquitin modifications. We provide an overview of the roles associated with lysine-63 polyubiquitination in plant cells in the light of what is known in non-plant models. Finally, we review the crucial roles of lysine-63 polyubiquitin-dependent processes in plant growth, development and responses to environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natali Romero-Barrios
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CNRS/CEA/Univ. Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, 91198, France
| | - Grégory Vert
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CNRS/CEA/Univ. Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, 91198, France
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36
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Lee S, Tumolo JM, Ehlinger AC, Jernigan KK, Qualls-Histed SJ, Hsu PC, McDonald WH, Chazin WJ, MacGurn JA. Ubiquitin turnover and endocytic trafficking in yeast are regulated by Ser57 phosphorylation of ubiquitin. eLife 2017; 6:29176. [PMID: 29130884 PMCID: PMC5706963 DOI: 10.7554/elife.29176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite its central role in protein degradation little is known about the molecular mechanisms that sense, maintain, and regulate steady state concentration of ubiquitin in the cell. Here, we describe a novel mechanism for regulation of ubiquitin homeostasis that is mediated by phosphorylation of ubiquitin at the Ser57 position. We find that loss of Ppz phosphatase activity leads to defects in ubiquitin homeostasis that are at least partially attributable to elevated levels of Ser57 phosphorylated ubiquitin. Phosphomimetic mutation at the Ser57 position of ubiquitin conferred increased rates of endocytic trafficking and ubiquitin turnover. These phenotypes are associated with bypass of recognition by endosome-localized deubiquitylases - including Doa4 which is critical for regulation of ubiquitin recycling. Thus, ubiquitin homeostasis is significantly impacted by the rate of ubiquitin flux through the endocytic pathway and by signaling pathways that converge on ubiquitin itself to determine whether it is recycled or degraded in the vacuole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sora Lee
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, United States
| | - Jessica M Tumolo
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, United States
| | - Aaron C Ehlinger
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, United States
| | - Kristin K Jernigan
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, United States
| | - Susan J Qualls-Histed
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, United States
| | - Pi-Chiang Hsu
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, United States
| | - W Hayes McDonald
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, United States.,Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, United States
| | - Walter J Chazin
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, United States
| | - Jason A MacGurn
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, United States
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37
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Role of ESCRT component HD-PTP/ PTPN23 in cancer. Biochem Soc Trans 2017; 45:845-854. [PMID: 28620046 DOI: 10.1042/bst20160332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Sustained cellular signalling originated from the receptors located at the plasma membrane is widely associated with cancer susceptibility. Endosomal sorting and degradation of the cell surface receptors is therefore crucial to preventing chronic downstream signalling and tumorigenesis. Since the Endosomal Sorting Complexes Required for Transport (ESCRT) controls these processes, ESCRT components were proposed to act as tumour suppressor genes. However, the bona fide role of ESCRT components in tumorigenesis has not been clearly demonstrated. The ESCRT member HD-PTP/PTPN23 was recently identified as a novel haplo-insufficient tumour suppressor in vitro and in vivo, in mice and humans. In this mini-review, we outline the role of the ESCRT components in cancer and summarize the functions of HD-PTP/PTPN23 in tumorigenesis.
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38
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Borland H, Vilhardt F. Prelysosomal Compartments in the Unconventional Secretion of Amyloidogenic Seeds. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18010227. [PMID: 28124989 PMCID: PMC5297856 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18010227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Revised: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A mechanistic link between neuron-to-neuron transmission of secreted amyloid and propagation of protein malconformation cytopathology and disease has recently been uncovered in animal models. An enormous interest in the unconventional secretion of amyloids from neurons has followed. Amphisomes and late endosomes are the penultimate maturation products of the autophagosomal and endosomal pathways, respectively, and normally fuse with lysosomes for degradation. However, under conditions of perturbed membrane trafficking and/or lysosomal deficiency, prelysosomal compartments may instead fuse with the plasma membrane to release any contained amyloid. After a brief introduction to the endosomal and autophagosomal pathways, we discuss the evidence for autophagosomal secretion (exophagy) of amyloids, with a comparative emphasis on Aβ1-42 and α-synuclein, as luminal and cytosolic amyloids, respectively. The ESCRT-mediated import of cytosolic amyloid into late endosomal exosomes, a known vehicle of transmission of macromolecules between cells, is also reviewed. Finally, mechanisms of lysosomal dysfunction, deficiency, and exocytosis are exemplified in the context of genetically identified risk factors, mainly for Parkinson's disease. Exocytosis of prelysosomal or lysosomal organelles is a last resort for clearance of cytotoxic material and alleviates cytopathy. However, they also represent a vehicle for the concentration, posttranslational modification, and secretion of amyloid seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Borland
- Department of Neurodegeneration In Vitro, H. Lundbeck A/S, 2500 Valby, Denmark.
| | - Frederik Vilhardt
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, 2200N Copenhagen, Denmark.
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39
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Christ L, Raiborg C, Wenzel EM, Campsteijn C, Stenmark H. Cellular Functions and Molecular Mechanisms of the ESCRT Membrane-Scission Machinery. Trends Biochem Sci 2017; 42:42-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2016.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 300] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Revised: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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40
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Gahloth D, Levy C, Heaven G, Stefani F, Wunderley L, Mould P, Cliff MJ, Bella J, Fielding AJ, Woodman P, Tabernero L. Structural Basis for Selective Interaction between the ESCRT Regulator HD-PTP and UBAP1. Structure 2016; 24:2115-2126. [PMID: 27839950 PMCID: PMC5145805 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2016.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Revised: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRTs) are essential for ubiquitin-dependent degradation of mitogenic receptors, a process often compromised in cancer pathologies. Sorting of ubiquinated receptors via ESCRTs is controlled by the tumor suppressor phosphatase HD-PTP. The specific interaction between HD-PTP and the ESCRT-I subunit UBAP1 is critical for degradation of growth factor receptors and integrins. Here, we present the structural characterization by X-ray crystallography and double electron-electron resonance spectroscopy of the coiled-coil domain of HD-PTP and its complex with UBAP1. The coiled-coil domain adopts an unexpected open and rigid conformation that contrasts with the closed and flexible coiled-coil domain of the related ESCRT regulator Alix. The HD-PTP:UBAP1 structure identifies the molecular determinants of the interaction and provides a molecular basis for the specific functional cooperation between HD-PTP and UBAP1. Our findings provide insights into the molecular mechanisms of regulation of ESCRT pathways that could be relevant to anticancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepankar Gahloth
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Colin Levy
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Graham Heaven
- School of Chemistry and Photon Science Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Flavia Stefani
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Lydia Wunderley
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Paul Mould
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Matthew J Cliff
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Jordi Bella
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Alistair J Fielding
- School of Chemistry and Photon Science Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Philip Woodman
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK.
| | - Lydia Tabernero
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK.
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41
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Abstract
The narrow membrane necks formed during viral, exosomal and intra-endosomal budding from membranes, as well as during cytokinesis and related processes, have interiors that are contiguous with the cytosol. Severing these necks involves action from the opposite face of the membrane as occurs during the well-characterized formation of coated vesicles. This 'reverse' (or 'inverse')-topology membrane scission is carried out by the endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) proteins, which form filaments, flat spirals, tubes and conical funnels that are thought to direct membrane remodelling and scission. Their assembly, and their disassembly by the ATPase vacuolar protein sorting-associated 4 (VPS4) have been intensively studied, but the mechanism of scission has been elusive. New insights from cryo-electron microscopy and various types of spectroscopy may finally be close to rectifying this situation.
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42
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Sun S, Sun L, Zhou X, Wu C, Wang R, Lin SH, Kuang J. Phosphorylation-Dependent Activation of the ESCRT Function of ALIX in Cytokinetic Abscission and Retroviral Budding. Dev Cell 2016; 36:331-43. [PMID: 26859355 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2016.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Revised: 11/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The modular adaptor protein ALIX is a key player in multiple ESCRT-III-mediated membrane remodeling processes. ALIX is normally present in a closed conformation due to an intramolecular interaction that renders ALIX unable to perform its ESCRT functions. Here we demonstrate that M phase-specific phosphorylation of the intramolecular interaction site within the proline-rich domain (PRD) of ALIX transforms cytosolic ALIX from closed to open conformation. Defining the role of this mechanism of ALIX regulation in three classical ESCRT-mediated processes revealed that phosphorylation of the intramolecular interaction site in the PRD is required for ALIX to function in cytokinetic abscission and retroviral budding, but not in multivesicular body sorting of activated epidermal growth factor receptor. Thus, phosphorylation of the intramolecular interaction site in the PRD is one of the major mechanisms that activates the ESCRT function of ALIX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Sun
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77230, USA; Experimental Therapeutics Academic Program, The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Le Sun
- AbMax Biotechnology, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Xi Zhou
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77230, USA
| | - Chuanfen Wu
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77230, USA
| | - Ruoning Wang
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77230, USA
| | - Sue-Hwa Lin
- Experimental Therapeutics Academic Program, The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jian Kuang
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77230, USA; Experimental Therapeutics Academic Program, The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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43
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Dores MR, Grimsey NJ, Mendez F, Trejo J. ALIX Regulates the Ubiquitin-Independent Lysosomal Sorting of the P2Y1 Purinergic Receptor via a YPX3L Motif. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0157587. [PMID: 27301021 PMCID: PMC4907476 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0157587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Endocytic sorting and lysosomal degradation are integral to the regulation of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) function. Upon ligand binding, classical GPCRs are activated, internalized and recycled or sorted to lysosomes for degradation, a process that requires receptor ubiquitination. However, recent studies have demonstrated that numerous GPCRs are sorted to lysosomes independent of receptor ubiquitination. Here, we describe an ubiquitin-independent lysosomal sorting pathway for the purinergic GPCR P2Y1. After activation, P2Y1 sorts to lysosomes for degradation independent of direct ubiquitination that is mediated by a YPX3L motif within the second intracellular loop that serves as a binding site for the adaptor protein ALIX. Depletion of ALIX or site-directed mutation of the YPX3L motif inhibits P2Y1 sorting into the lumen of multivesicular endosomes/lysosomes and degradation. These findings confirm the function of YPX3L motifs as lysosomal targeting sequences for GPCRs and demonstrate that ALIX mediates the ubiquitin-independent degradation of certain GPCRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R. Dores
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States of America
- Department of Biology, Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY 11549, United States of America
| | - Neil J. Grimsey
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States of America
| | - Francisco Mendez
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States of America
| | - JoAnn Trejo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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44
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Ehrt C, Brinkjost T, Koch O. Impact of Binding Site Comparisons on Medicinal Chemistry and Rational Molecular Design. J Med Chem 2016; 59:4121-51. [PMID: 27046190 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b00078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Modern rational drug design not only deals with the search for ligands binding to interesting and promising validated targets but also aims to identify the function and ligands of yet uncharacterized proteins having impact on different diseases. Additionally, it contributes to the design of inhibitors with distinct selectivity patterns and the prediction of possible off-target effects. The identification of similarities between binding sites of various proteins is a useful approach to cope with those challenges. The main scope of this perspective is to describe applications of different protein binding site comparison approaches to outline their applicability and impact on molecular design. The article deals with various substantial application domains and provides some outstanding examples to show how various binding site comparison methods can be applied to promote in silico drug design workflows. In addition, we will also briefly introduce the fundamental principles of different protein binding site comparison methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane Ehrt
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University , Otto-Hahn-Straße 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Tobias Brinkjost
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University , Otto-Hahn-Straße 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany.,Department of Computer Science, TU Dortmund University , Otto-Hahn-Straße 14, 44224 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Oliver Koch
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University , Otto-Hahn-Straße 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
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45
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Tang S, Buchkovich NJ, Henne WM, Banjade S, Kim YJ, Emr SD. ESCRT-III activation by parallel action of ESCRT-I/II and ESCRT-0/Bro1 during MVB biogenesis. eLife 2016; 5. [PMID: 27074665 PMCID: PMC4865371 DOI: 10.7554/elife.15507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRT) pathway facilitates multiple fundamental membrane remodeling events. Previously, we determined X-ray crystal structures of ESCRT-III subunit Snf7, the yeast CHMP4 ortholog, in its active and polymeric state (Tang et al., 2015). However, how ESCRT-III activation is coordinated by the upstream ESCRT components at endosomes remains unclear. Here, we provide a molecular explanation for the functional divergence of structurally similar ESCRT-III subunits. We characterize novel mutations in ESCRT-III Snf7 that trigger activation, and identify a novel role of Bro1, the yeast ALIX ortholog, in Snf7 assembly. We show that upstream ESCRTs regulate Snf7 activation at both its N-terminal core domain and the C-terminus α6 helix through two parallel ubiquitin-dependent pathways: the ESCRT-I-ESCRT-II-Vps20 pathway and the ESCRT-0-Bro1 pathway. We therefore provide an enhanced understanding for the activation of the spatially unique ESCRT-III-mediated membrane remodeling. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.15507.001
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaogeng Tang
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, United States.,Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, United States
| | - Nicholas J Buchkovich
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, United States.,Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, United States
| | - W Mike Henne
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, United States.,Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, United States
| | - Sudeep Banjade
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, United States.,Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, United States
| | - Yun Jung Kim
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, United States.,Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, United States
| | - Scott D Emr
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, United States.,Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, United States
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46
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Sunshine AB, Ong GT, Nickerson DP, Carr D, Murakami CJ, Wasko BM, Shemorry A, Merz AJ, Kaeberlein M, Dunham MJ. Aneuploidy shortens replicative lifespan in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Aging Cell 2016; 15:317-24. [PMID: 26762766 PMCID: PMC4783355 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Aneuploidy and aging are correlated; however, a causal link between these two phenomena has remained elusive. Here, we show that yeast disomic for a single native yeast chromosome generally have a decreased replicative lifespan. In addition, the extent of this lifespan deficit correlates with the size of the extra chromosome. We identified a mutation in BUL1 that rescues both the lifespan deficit and a protein trafficking defect in yeast disomic for chromosome 5. Bul1 is an E4 ubiquitin ligase adaptor involved in a protein quality control pathway that targets membrane proteins for endocytosis and destruction in the lysosomal vacuole, thereby maintaining protein homeostasis. Concurrent suppression of the aging and trafficking phenotypes suggests that disrupted membrane protein homeostasis in aneuploid yeast may contribute to their accelerated aging. The data reported here demonstrate that aneuploidy can impair protein homeostasis, shorten lifespan, and may contribute to age-associated phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna B. Sunshine
- Department of Genome SciencesUniversity of WashingtonFoege Building, Room S403B, 3720 15th Ave NE, Box 355065SeattleWA98195‐5065USA
| | - Giang T. Ong
- Department of Genome SciencesUniversity of WashingtonFoege Building, Room S403B, 3720 15th Ave NE, Box 355065SeattleWA98195‐5065USA
| | - Daniel P. Nickerson
- Departments of Biochemistry and Physiology and BiophysicsUniversity of WashingtonRoom HSB J‐355, 1705 NE Pacific St, UW box 357350SeattleWA98195‐7350USA
| | - Daniel Carr
- Department of PathologyUniversity of WashingtonRoom HSB D‐514, 1705 NE Pacific St, Box 357470SeattleWA98195‐7470USA
| | - Christopher J. Murakami
- Department of PathologyUniversity of WashingtonRoom HSB D‐514, 1705 NE Pacific St, Box 357470SeattleWA98195‐7470USA
| | - Brian M. Wasko
- Department of PathologyUniversity of WashingtonRoom HSB D‐514, 1705 NE Pacific St, Box 357470SeattleWA98195‐7470USA
| | - Anna Shemorry
- Department of PathologyUniversity of WashingtonRoom HSB D‐514, 1705 NE Pacific St, Box 357470SeattleWA98195‐7470USA
| | - Alexey J. Merz
- Departments of Biochemistry and Physiology and BiophysicsUniversity of WashingtonRoom HSB J‐355, 1705 NE Pacific St, UW box 357350SeattleWA98195‐7350USA
| | - Matt Kaeberlein
- Department of PathologyUniversity of WashingtonRoom HSB D‐514, 1705 NE Pacific St, Box 357470SeattleWA98195‐7470USA
| | - Maitreya J. Dunham
- Department of Genome SciencesUniversity of WashingtonFoege Building, Room S403B, 3720 15th Ave NE, Box 355065SeattleWA98195‐5065USA
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47
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Lee J, Oh KJ, Lee D, Kim BY, Choi JS, Ku B, Kim SJ. Structural Study of the HD-PTP Bro1 Domain in a Complex with the Core Region of STAM2, a Subunit of ESCRT-0. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0149113. [PMID: 26866605 PMCID: PMC4751086 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0149113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
EGFR is a key player in cell proliferation and survival signaling, and its sorting into MVBs for eventual lysosomal degradation is controlled by the coordination of multiple ESCRT complexes on the endosomal membrane. HD-PTP is a cytosolic protein tyrosine phosphatase, and is associated with EGFR trafficking by interacting with the ESCRT-0 protein STAM2 and the ESCRT-III protein CHMP4B via its N-terminal Bro1 domain. Intriguingly, the homologous domain of two other human Bro1 domain-containing proteins, Alix and Brox, binds CHMP4B but not STAM2, despite their high structural similarity. To elucidate this binding specificity, we determined the complex structure of the HD-PTP Bro1 domain bound to the STAM2 core region. STAM2 binds to the hydrophobic concave pocket of the HD-PTP Bro1 domain, as CHMP4B does to the pocket of Alix, Brox, or HD-PTP but in the opposite direction. Critically, Thr145 of HD-PTP, corresponding to Lys151 of Alix and Arg145 of Brox, is revealed to be a determinant residue enabling this protein to bind STAM2, as the Alix- or Brox-mimicking mutations of this residue blocks the intermolecular interaction. This work therefore provides the structural basis for how HD-PTP recognizes the ESCRT-0 component to control EGFR sorting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhyeon Lee
- Disease Target Structure Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Korea
- Department of Biochemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Kyoung-Jin Oh
- Research Center for Metabolic Regulation, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Dasom Lee
- Research Center for Metabolic Regulation, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Bo Yeon Kim
- Incurable Diseases Therapeutics Research Center, World Class Institute, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Ochang, Cheongwon, Korea
| | - Joon Sig Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Bonsu Ku
- Disease Target Structure Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Korea
- * E-mail: (BK); (SJK)
| | - Seung Jun Kim
- Disease Target Structure Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Korea
- * E-mail: (BK); (SJK)
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48
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Kovalev N, de Castro Martín IF, Pogany J, Barajas D, Pathak K, Risco C, Nagy PD. Role of Viral RNA and Co-opted Cellular ESCRT-I and ESCRT-III Factors in Formation of Tombusvirus Spherules Harboring the Tombusvirus Replicase. J Virol 2016; 90:3611-26. [PMID: 26792735 PMCID: PMC4794697 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02775-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Plus-stranded RNA viruses induce membrane deformations in infected cells in order to build viral replication complexes (VRCs). Tomato bushy stunt virus (TBSV) co-opts cellular ESCRT (endosomal sorting complexes required for transport) proteins to induce the formation of vesicle (spherule)-like structures in the peroxisomal membrane with tight openings toward the cytosol. In this study, using a yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) vps23Δ bro1Δ double-deletion mutant, we showed that the Vps23p ESCRT-I protein (Tsg101 in mammals) and Bro1p (ALIX) ESCRT-associated protein, both of which bind to the viral p33 replication protein, play partially complementary roles in TBSV replication in cells and in cell extracts. Dual expression of dominant-negative versions of Arabidopsis homologs of Vps23p and Bro1p inhibited tombusvirus replication to greater extent than individual expression in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves. We also demonstrated the critical role of Snf7p (CHMP4), Vps20p, and Vps24p ESCRT-III proteins in tombusvirus replication in yeast and in vitro. Electron microscopic imaging of vps23Δ yeast revealed the lack of tombusvirus-induced spherule-like structures, while crescent-like structures are formed in ESCRT-III deletion yeasts replicating TBSV RNA. In addition, we also showed that the length of the viral RNA affects the sizes of spherules formed in N. benthamiana cells. The 4.8-kb genomic RNA is needed for the formation of spherules 66 nm in diameter, while spherules formed during the replication of the ∼600-nucleotide (nt)-long defective interfering RNA in the presence of p33 and p92 replication proteins are 42 nm. We propose that the viral RNA serves as a "measuring string" during VRC assembly and spherule formation. IMPORTANCE Plant positive-strand RNA viruses, similarly to animal positive-strand RNA viruses, replicate in membrane-bound viral replicase complexes in the cytoplasm of infected cells. Identification of cellular and viral factors affecting the formation of the membrane-bound viral replication complex is a major frontier in current virology research. In this study, we dissected the functions of co-opted cellular ESCRT-I (endosomal sorting complexes required for transport I) and ESCRT-III proteins and the viral RNA in tombusvirus replicase complex formation using in vitro, yeast-based, and plant-based approaches. Electron microscopic imaging revealed the lack of tombusvirus-induced spherule-like structures in ESCRT-I or ESCRT-III deletion yeasts replicating TBSV RNA, demonstrating the requirement for these co-opted cellular factors in tombusvirus replicase formation. The work could be of broad interest in virology and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolay Kovalev
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | | | - Judit Pogany
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Daniel Barajas
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Kunj Pathak
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Cristina Risco
- Cell Structure Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Madrid, Spain
| | - Peter D Nagy
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
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Dores MR, Lin H, J Grimsey N, Mendez F, Trejo J. The α-arrestin ARRDC3 mediates ALIX ubiquitination and G protein-coupled receptor lysosomal sorting. Mol Biol Cell 2015; 26:4660-73. [PMID: 26490116 PMCID: PMC4678022 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e15-05-0284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The novel ALIX-dependent GPCR sorting pathway is regulated by the a-arrestin ARRDC3. A critical role is also shown for the E3 ubiquitin ligase WWP2 in regulation of ALIX ubiquitination and lysosomal sorting of GPCRs. The sorting of G protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs) to lysosomes is critical for proper signaling and cellular responses. We previously showed that the adaptor protein ALIX regulates lysosomal degradation of protease-activated receptor-1 (PAR1), a GPCR for thrombin, independent of ubiquitin-binding ESCRTs and receptor ubiquitination. However, the mechanisms that regulate ALIX function during PAR1 lysosomal sorting are not known. Here we show that the mammalian α-arrestin arrestin domain–containing protein-3 (ARRDC3) regulates ALIX function in GPCR sorting via ubiquitination. ARRDC3 colocalizes with ALIX and is required for PAR1 sorting at late endosomes and degradation. Depletion of ARRDC3 by small interfering RNA disrupts ALIX interaction with activated PAR1 and the CHMP4B ESCRT-III subunit, suggesting that ARRDC3 regulates ALIX activity. We found that ARRDC3 is required for ALIX ubiquitination induced by activation of PAR1. A screen of nine mammalian NEDD4-family E3 ubiquitin ligases revealed a critical role for WWP2. WWP2 interacts with ARRDC3 and not ALIX. Depletion of WWP2 inhibited ALIX ubiquitination and blocked ALIX interaction with activated PAR1 and CHMP4B. These findings demonstrate a new role for the α-arrestin ARRDC3 and the E3 ubiquitin ligase WWP2 in regulation of ALIX ubiquitination and lysosomal sorting of GPCRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Dores
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Huilan Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Neil J Grimsey
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Francisco Mendez
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - JoAnn Trejo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
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Kharitidi D, Apaja PM, Manteghi S, Suzuki K, Malitskaya E, Roldan A, Gingras MC, Takagi J, Lukacs GL, Pause A. Interplay of Endosomal pH and Ligand Occupancy in Integrin α5β1 Ubiquitination, Endocytic Sorting, and Cell Migration. Cell Rep 2015; 13:599-609. [PMID: 26456826 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Revised: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Membrane trafficking of integrins plays a pivotal role in cell proliferation and migration. How endocytosed integrins are targeted either for recycling or lysosomal delivery is not fully understood. Here, we show that fibronectin (FN) binding to α5β1 integrin triggers ubiquitination and internalization of the receptor complex. Acidification facilitates FN dissociation from integrin α5β1 in vitro and in early endosomes, promoting receptor complex deubiquitination by the USP9x and recycling to the cell surface. Depending on residual ligand occupancy of receptors, some α5β1 integrins remain ubiquitinated and are captured by ESCRT-0/I, containing histidine domain-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase (HD-PTP) and ubiquitin-associated protein 1 (UBAP1), and are directed for lysosomal proteolysis, limiting receptor downstream signaling and cell migration. Thus, HD-PTP or UBAP1 depletion confers a pro-invasive phenotype. Thus, pH-dependent FN-integrin dissociation and deubiquitination of the activated integrin α5β1 are required for receptor resensitization and cell migration, representing potential targets to modulate tumor invasiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitri Kharitidi
- Department of Biochemistry, Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Canada, H3G 1Y6
| | - Pirjo M Apaja
- Department of Physiology and Research Group Focused on Protein Structure, McGill University, Montreal, Canada, H3G 1Y6
| | - Sanaz Manteghi
- Department of Biochemistry, Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Canada, H3G 1Y6
| | - Kei Suzuki
- Laboratory of Protein Synthesis and Expression, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Elena Malitskaya
- Department of Biochemistry, Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Canada, H3G 1Y6
| | - Ariel Roldan
- Department of Physiology and Research Group Focused on Protein Structure, McGill University, Montreal, Canada, H3G 1Y6
| | - Marie-Claude Gingras
- Department of Biochemistry, Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Canada, H3G 1Y6
| | - Junichi Takagi
- Laboratory of Protein Synthesis and Expression, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Gergely L Lukacs
- Department of Biochemistry, Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Canada, H3G 1Y6; Department of Physiology and Research Group Focused on Protein Structure, McGill University, Montreal, Canada, H3G 1Y6.
| | - Arnim Pause
- Department of Biochemistry, Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Canada, H3G 1Y6.
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