1
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Michaeli L, Spector E, Haeussler S, Carvalho CA, Grobe H, Abu-Shach UB, Zinger H, Conradt B, Broday L. ULP-2 SUMO protease regulates UPR mt and mitochondrial homeostasis in Caenorhabditis elegans. Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 214:19-27. [PMID: 38301974 PMCID: PMC10929073 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2024.01.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondria are the powerhouses of cells, responsible for energy production and regulation of cellular homeostasis. When mitochondrial function is impaired, a stress response termed mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt) is initiated to restore mitochondrial function. Since mitochondria and UPRmt are implicated in many diseases, it is important to understand UPRmt regulation. In this study, we show that the SUMO protease ULP-2 has a key role in regulating mitochondrial function and UPRmt. Specifically, down-regulation of ulp-2 suppresses UPRmt and reduces mitochondrial membrane potential without significantly affecting cellular ROS. Mitochondrial networks are expanded in ulp-2 null mutants with larger mitochondrial area and increased branching. Moreover, the amount of mitochondrial DNA is increased in ulp-2 mutants. Downregulation of ULP-2 also leads to alterations in expression levels of mitochondrial genes involved in protein import and mtDNA replication, however, mitophagy remains unaltered. In summary, this study demonstrates that ULP-2 is required for mitochondrial homeostasis and the UPRmt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lirin Michaeli
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Eyal Spector
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Simon Haeussler
- Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Cátia A Carvalho
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Hanna Grobe
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Ulrike Bening Abu-Shach
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Hen Zinger
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Barbara Conradt
- Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Limor Broday
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel.
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2
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Liang S, Zhou Z, Zhou Z, Liang J, Lin W, Zhang C, Zhou C, Zhao H, Meng X, Zou F, Yu C, Cai S. Blockade of CBX4-mediated β-catenin SUMOylation attenuates airway epithelial barrier dysfunction in asthma. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 113:109333. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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3
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Tawfeek SE, Domouky AM, Abdel-Kareem RH. Protective effect of vitamin C against ivermectin induced nephrotoxicity in different age groups of male wistar rats: bio-histopathological study. Anat Cell Biol 2021; 54:501-517. [PMID: 34887362 PMCID: PMC8693136 DOI: 10.5115/acb.21.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Ivermectin (Ive) has exceedingly efficient against several microorganisms including viruses; therefore, it could help as a potential treatment of COVID-19. Because of increasing consumption of ivermectin and vitamin C (Vit.C) in hope to treat COVID-19, and because of ivermectin nephrotoxic effects have not been fully clarified especially in juvenile age, it was conducted to examine the histopathological and biochemical effects of ivermectin on adult and juvenile kidneys, and to assess the possible protective role of Vit.C against this potential toxicity. Rats were divided to 4 subgroups (Control subgroup, Vit.C subgroup, Ive subgroup, and Vit.C+Ive subgroup), 1 week after 4 doses of ivermectin (0.4 mg/kg Ive±1.25 mg/kg Vit.C), blood samples obtained for assessment of kidney function test, part of kidneys prepared for determination of matrix metalloproteinase-9 and antioxidant enzymes essay. Other parts prepared for histopathological and ultrastructural examination. Results showed that administration of ivermectin led to attenuation in kidney function and in activities of the antioxidant enzymes and increase in matrix metalloproteinase-9 activity. In addition, there were histological damages (shrunken glomeruli, widened urinary space, cytoplasmic vacuolation and pyknotic nuclei with epithelial exfoliation, extravasated blood, and mononuclear cell infiltration) and immunohistochemistry revealed increase in percentage of Bax proapoptotic protein expression. Also, ultrastructure examination showed alteration in cell architecture. All these changes were more obvious in juvenile group while co-administration of Vit.C led to significant protection more in adult group. In conclusion, Ivermectin should be used cautiously especially in juvenile age, and co-administration of Vit.C is highly recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shereen E Tawfeek
- Department of Human Anatomy & Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.,Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayat M Domouky
- Department of Human Anatomy & Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Reham H Abdel-Kareem
- Department of Human Anatomy & Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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4
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The role of SUMOylation during development. Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 48:463-478. [PMID: 32311032 PMCID: PMC7200636 DOI: 10.1042/bst20190390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
During the development of multicellular organisms, transcriptional regulation plays an important role in the control of cell growth, differentiation and morphogenesis. SUMOylation is a reversible post-translational process involved in transcriptional regulation through the modification of transcription factors and through chromatin remodelling (either modifying chromatin remodelers or acting as a ‘molecular glue’ by promoting recruitment of chromatin regulators). SUMO modification results in changes in the activity, stability, interactions or localization of its substrates, which affects cellular processes such as cell cycle progression, DNA maintenance and repair or nucleocytoplasmic transport. This review focuses on the role of SUMO machinery and the modification of target proteins during embryonic development and organogenesis of animals, from invertebrates to mammals.
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5
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Li P, Jing H, Wang Y, Yuan L, Xiao H, Zheng Q. SUMO modification in apoptosis. J Mol Histol 2020; 52:1-10. [PMID: 33225418 PMCID: PMC7790789 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-020-09924-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis and clearance of dead cells is highly evolutionarily conserved from nematode to humans, which is crucial to the growth and development of multicellular organism. Fail to remove apoptotic cells often lead to homeostasis imbalance, fatal autoimmune diseases, and neurodegenerative diseases. Small ubiquitin-related modifiers (SUMOs) modification is a post-translational modification of ubiquitin proteins mediated by the sentrin-specific proteases (SENPs) family. SUMO modification is widely involved in many cellular biological process, and abnormal SUMO modification is also closely related to many major human diseases. Recent researches have revealed that SUMO modification event occurs during apoptosis and clearance of apoptotic cells, and plays an important role in the regulation of apoptotic signaling pathways. This review summarizes some recent progress in the revelation of regulatory mechanisms of these pathways and provides some potential researching hotpots of the SUMO modification regulation to apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiyao Li
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Plant Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in the Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Huiru Jing
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Plant Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in the Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Yanzhe Wang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Plant Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in the Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Lei Yuan
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Plant Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in the Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Hui Xiao
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Plant Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in the Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Qian Zheng
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Plant Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in the Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China.
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6
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Adir O, Bening-Abu-Shach U, Arbib S, Henis-Korenblit S, Broday L. Inactivation of the Caenorhabditis elegans RNF-5 E3 ligase promotes IRE-1-independent ER functions. Autophagy 2020; 17:2401-2414. [DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2020.1827778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Orit Adir
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ulrike Bening-Abu-Shach
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Shir Arbib
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Sivan Henis-Korenblit
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Limor Broday
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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7
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Game of Tissues: How the Epidermis Thrones C. elegans Shape. J Dev Biol 2020; 8:jdb8010007. [PMID: 32182901 PMCID: PMC7151205 DOI: 10.3390/jdb8010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The versatility of epithelial cell structure is universally exploited by organisms in multiple contexts. Epithelial cells can establish diverse polarized axes within their tridimensional structure which enables them to flexibly communicate with their neighbors in a 360° range. Hence, these cells are central to multicellularity, and participate in diverse biological processes such as organismal development, growth or immune response and their misfunction ultimately impacts disease. During the development of an organism, the first task epidermal cells must complete is the formation of a continuous sheet, which initiates its own morphogenic process. In this review, we will focus on the C. elegans embryonic epithelial morphogenesis. We will describe how its formation, maturation, and spatial arrangements set the final shape of the nematode C. elegans. Special importance will be given to the tissue-tissue interactions, regulatory tissue-tissue feedback mechanisms and the players orchestrating the process.
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8
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Gao K, Li Y, Hu S, Liu Y. SUMO peptidase ULP-4 regulates mitochondrial UPR-mediated innate immunity and lifespan extension. eLife 2019; 8:41792. [PMID: 30642431 PMCID: PMC6355198 DOI: 10.7554/elife.41792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Animals respond to mitochondrial stress with the induction of mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt). A cascade of events occur upon UPRmt activation, ultimately triggering a transcriptional response governed by two transcription factors: DVE-1 and ATFS-1. Here we identify SUMO-specific peptidase ULP-4 as a positive regulator of C. elegans UPRmt to control SUMOylation status of DVE-1 and ATFS-1. SUMOylation affects these two axes in the transcriptional program of UPRmt with distinct mechanisms: change of DVE-1 subcellular localization vs. change of ATFS-1 stability and activity. Our findings reveal a post-translational modification that promotes immune response and lifespan extension during mitochondrial stress. Most animal cells carry compartments called mitochondria. These tiny powerhouses produce the energy that fuels many life processes, but they also store important compounds and can even cause an infected or defective cell to kill itself. For a cell, keeping its mitochondria healthy is often a matter of life and death: failure to do so is linked with aging, cancer or diseases such as Alzheimer’s. The cell uses a surveillance program called the mitochondrial unfolded protein response to assess the health of its mitochondria. If something is amiss, the cell activates specific mechanisms to fix the problem, which involves turning on specific genes in its genome. A protein named ULP-4, which is found in the worm Caenorhabditis elegans but also in humans, participates in this process. This enzyme cuts off chemical ‘tags’ known as SUMO from proteins. Adding and removing these labels changes the place and role of a protein in the cell. However, it was still unclear how ULP-4 played a role in the mitochondrial unfolded protein response. Here, Gao et al. show that when mitochondria are in distress, ULP-4 removes SUMO from DVE-1 and ATFS-1, two proteins that control separate arms of the mitochondrial unfolded protein response. Without SUMO tags, DVE-1 can relocate to the area in the cell where it can turn on genes that protect and repair mitochondria; meanwhile SUMO-free ATFS-1 becomes more stable and can start acting on the genome. Finally, the experiments show that removing SUMO on DVE-1 and ATFS-1 is essential to keep the worms healthy and with a long lifespan under mitochondrial stress. The experiments by Gao et al. show that the mitochondrial unfolded protein response relies, at least in part, on SUMO tags. This knowledge opens new avenues of research, and could help fight diseases that emerge when mitochondria fail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyu Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, and Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, and Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Shumei Hu
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, and Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
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9
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Reichman R, Shi Z, Malone R, Smolikove S. Mitotic and Meiotic Functions for the SUMOylation Pathway in the Caenorhabditis elegans Germline. Genetics 2018; 208:1421-1441. [PMID: 29472245 PMCID: PMC5887140 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.118.300787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Meiosis is a highly regulated process, partly due to the need to break and then repair DNA as part of the meiotic program. Post-translational modifications are widely used during meiotic events to regulate steps such as protein complex formation, checkpoint activation, and protein attenuation. In this paper, we investigate how proteins that are obligatory components of the SUMO (small ubiquitin-like modifier) pathway, one such post-translational modification, affect the Caenorhabditis elegans germline. We show that UBC-9, the E2 conjugation enzyme, and the C. elegans homolog of SUMO, SMO-1, localize to germline nuclei throughout prophase I. Mutant analysis of smo-1 and ubc-9 revealed increased recombination intermediates throughout the germline, originating during the mitotic divisions. SUMOylation mutants also showed late meiotic defects including defects in the restructuring of oocyte bivalents and endomitotic oocytes. Increased rates of noninterfering crossovers were observed in ubc-9 heterozygotes, even though interfering crossovers were unaffected. We have also identified a physical interaction between UBC-9 and DNA repair protein MRE-11 ubc-9 and mre-11 null mutants exhibited similar phenotypes at germline mitotic nuclei and were synthetically sick. These phenotypes and genetic interactions were specific to MRE-11 null mutants as opposed to RAD-50 or resection-defective MRE-11 We propose that the SUMOylation pathway acts redundantly with MRE-11, and in this process MRE-11 likely plays a structural role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Reichman
- Department of Biology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242
| | - Zhuoyue Shi
- Department of Biology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242
| | - Robert Malone
- Department of Biology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242
| | - Sarit Smolikove
- Department of Biology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242
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10
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Comprehensive list of SUMO targets in Caenorhabditis elegans and its implication for evolutionary conservation of SUMO signaling. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1139. [PMID: 29348603 PMCID: PMC5773548 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19424-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Post-translational modification by small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO) is a key regulator of cell physiology, modulating protein-protein and protein-DNA interactions. Recently, SUMO modifications were postulated to be involved in response to various stress stimuli. We aimed to identify the near complete set of proteins modified by SUMO and the dynamics of the modification in stress conditions in the higher eukaryote, Caenorhabditis elegans. We identified 874 proteins modified by SUMO in the worm. We have analyzed the SUMO modification in stress conditions including heat shock, DNA damage, arsenite induced cellular stress, ER and osmotic stress. In all these conditions the global levels of SUMOylation was significantly increased. These results show the evolutionary conservation of SUMO modifications in reaction to stress. Our analysis showed that SUMO targets are highly conserved throughout species. By comparing the SUMO targets among species, we approximated the total number of proteins modified in a given proteome to be at least 15–20%. We developed a web server designed for convenient prediction of potential SUMO modification based on experimental evidences in other species.
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11
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Surana P, Gowda CM, Tripathi V, Broday L, Das R. Structural and functional analysis of SMO-1, the SUMO homolog in Caenorhabditis elegans. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0186622. [PMID: 29045470 PMCID: PMC5646861 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
SUMO proteins are important post-translational modifiers involved in multiple cellular pathways in eukaryotes, especially during the different developmental stages in multicellular organisms. The nematode C. elegans is a well known model system for studying metazoan development and has a single SUMO homolog, SMO-1. Interestingly, SMO-1 modification is linked to embryogenesis and development in the nematode. However, high-resolution information about SMO-1 and the mechanism of its conjugation is lacking. In this work, we report the high-resolution three dimensional structure of SMO-1 solved by NMR spectroscopy. SMO-1 has flexible N-terminal and C-terminal tails on either side of a rigid beta-grasp folded core. While the sequence of SMO-1 is more similar to SUMO1, the electrostatic surface features of SMO-1 resemble more with SUMO2/3. SMO-1 can bind to typical SUMO Interacting Motifs (SIMs). SMO-1 can also conjugate to a typical SUMOylation consensus site as well as to its natural substrate HMR-1. Poly-SMO-1 chains were observed in-vitro even though SMO-1 lacks any consensus SUMOylation site. Typical deSUMOylation enzymes like Senp2 can cleave the poly-SMO-1 chains. Despite being a single gene, the SMO-1 structure allows it to function in a large repertoire of signaling pathways involving SUMO in C. elegans. Structural and functional features of SMO-1 studies described here will be useful to understand its role in development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parag Surana
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bengaluru, India
| | - Chandrakala M. Gowda
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bengaluru, India
| | - Vasvi Tripathi
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bengaluru, India
| | - Limor Broday
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ranabir Das
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bengaluru, India
- * E-mail:
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12
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Cao Z, Koochekpour S, Strup SE, Kyprianou N. Reversion of epithelial-mesenchymal transition by a novel agent DZ-50 via IGF binding protein-3 in prostate cancer cells. Oncotarget 2017; 8:78507-78519. [PMID: 29108245 PMCID: PMC5667978 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and insulin-like growth factor (IGF) axis has been linked to reactive stroma dynamics in prostate cancer progression. IGF binding protein-3 (IGFBP3) induction is initiated by stroma remodeling and could represent a potential therapeutic target for prostate cancer. In previous studies a lead quinazoline-based Doxazosin® derivative, DZ-50, impaired prostate tumor growth by targeting proteins involved in focal adhesion, anoikis resistance and epithelial-mesenchymal-transition (EMT). This study demonstrates that DZ-50 increased expression of the epithelial marker E-cadherin, and decreased the mesenchymal marker N-cadherin in human prostate cancer cells. In DU-145 cells, the effect of DZ-50 on EMT towards mesenchymal epithelial transition (MET) was inhibited by talin1 overexpression, a focal adhesion regulator promoting anoikis resistance and tumor invasion. DZ-50 treatment of human prostate cancer cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) downregulated IGFBP3 expression at mRNA and protein level. In TGF-β1 responsive LNCaPTβRII, TGF-β1 reversed DZ-50-induced MET by antagonizing the drug-induced decrease of nuclear IGFBP3. Furthermore, co-culture with CAFs promoted prostate cancer epithelial cell invasion, an effect that was significantly inhibited by DZ-50. Our findings demonstrate that the lead compound, DZ-50, inhibited the invasive properties of prostate cancer epithelial cells by targeting IGFBP3 and mediating EMT conversion to MET. This study integrated the mechanisms underlying the effect of DZ-50 and further supported the therapeutic value of this compound in the treatment of advanced metastatic prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Cao
- Department of Urology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Shahriar Koochekpour
- Department of Genetics and Genomic and Urology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Stephen E Strup
- Department of Urology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Natasha Kyprianou
- Department of Urology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.,Departments of Biochemistry and Toxicology & Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
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13
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Khan H, Singh RD, Tiwari R, Gangopadhyay S, Roy SK, Singh D, Srivastava V. Mercury exposure induces cytoskeleton disruption and loss of renal function through epigenetic modulation of MMP9 expression. Toxicology 2017; 386:28-39. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2017.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Revised: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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14
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Brüser L, Bogdan S. Adherens Junctions on the Move-Membrane Trafficking of E-Cadherin. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2017; 9:cshperspect.a029140. [PMID: 28096264 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a029140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cadherin-based adherens junctions are conserved structures that mediate epithelial cell-cell adhesion in invertebrates and vertebrates. Despite their pivotal function in epithelial integrity, adherens junctions show a remarkable plasticity that is a prerequisite for tissue architecture and morphogenesis. Epithelial cadherin (E-cadherin) is continuously turned over and undergoes cycles of endocytosis, sorting and recycling back to the plasma membrane. Mammalian cell culture and genetically tractable model systems such as Drosophila have revealed conserved, but also distinct, mechanisms in the regulation of E-cadherin membrane trafficking. Here, we discuss our current knowledge about molecules and mechanisms controlling endocytosis, sorting and recycling of E-cadherin during junctional remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Brüser
- Institut für Neurobiologie, Universität Münster, Badestraße 9, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Sven Bogdan
- Institut für Neurobiologie, Universität Münster, Badestraße 9, 48149 Münster, Germany.,Institut für Physiologie und Pathophysiologie, Abteilung Molekulare Zellphysiologie, Phillips-Universität Marburg, Emil-Mannkopff-Straße 2, 35037 Marburg, Germany
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15
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Pelisch F, Tammsalu T, Wang B, Jaffray EG, Gartner A, Hay RT. A SUMO-Dependent Protein Network Regulates Chromosome Congression during Oocyte Meiosis. Mol Cell 2017; 65:66-77. [PMID: 27939944 PMCID: PMC5222697 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2016.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Revised: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
During Caenorhabditis elegans oocyte meiosis, a multi-protein ring complex (RC) localized between homologous chromosomes, promotes chromosome congression through the action of the chromokinesin KLP-19. While some RC components are known, the mechanism of RC assembly has remained obscure. We show that SUMO E3 ligase GEI-17/PIAS is required for KLP-19 recruitment to the RC, and proteomic analysis identified KLP-19 as a SUMO substrate in vivo. In vitro analysis revealed that KLP-19 is efficiently sumoylated in a GEI-17-dependent manner, while GEI-17 undergoes extensive auto-sumoylation. GEI-17 and another RC component, the kinase BUB-1, contain functional SUMO interaction motifs (SIMs), allowing them to recruit SUMO modified proteins, including KLP-19, into the RC. Thus, dynamic SUMO modification and the presence of SIMs in RC components generate a SUMO-SIM network that facilitates assembly of the RC. Our results highlight the importance of SUMO-SIM networks in regulating the assembly of dynamic protein complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Pelisch
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, Sir James Black Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Triin Tammsalu
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, Sir James Black Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Bin Wang
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, Sir James Black Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Ellis G Jaffray
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, Sir James Black Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Anton Gartner
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, Sir James Black Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Ronald T Hay
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, Sir James Black Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH, UK.
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Walck-Shannon E, Hardin J. Another morphogenetic movement on the map: Charting dorsal intercalation in C. elegans. WORM 2016; 5:e1176664. [PMID: 27385264 DOI: 10.1080/21624054.2016.1176664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Dorsal intercalation is a coordinated cell migration event that rearranges hypodermal cells during C. elegans embryogenesis, and that resembles cell intercalation in many systems from flies to mice. Despite its conservation, the molecular mechanisms that govern dorsal intercalation in worms have remained elusive. Here, we comment on our recent publication, Walck-Shannon et al.,(1) which begins to spatially map the molecular requirements for intercalation. First, we provide a historical perspective on the factors that have previously hampered the study of dorsal intercalation. Next, we provide a summary of the molecular pathways identified in Walck-Shannon et al.,(1) pointing out surprises along the way. Finally, we consider the potential conservation of the molecular pathway we described and discuss future questions surrounding dorsal intercalation. Despite the challenges, dorsal intercalation is a process poised to advance our understanding of cell intercalation during morphogenesis throughout the animal kingdom.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jeff Hardin
- Department of Zoology, University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison, WI, USA
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Adhesion with a Sumo. Dev Cell 2016; 35:8-9. [PMID: 26460942 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2015.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Adherens junctions (AJs) play a crucial role in epithelial tissue development and tumorigenesis, and the mechanisms controlling their assembly and disassembly have therefore attracted considerable attention. A paper from Tsur et al. (2015) in this issue of Developmental Cell now shows how sumoylation and desumoylation of E-cadherin promotes its recruitment to AJs.
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Abstract
The cell biology of sumoylation has mostly been studied using transformed cultured cells and yeast. In recent years, genetic analysis has demonstrated important roles for sumoylation in the biology of C. elegans. Here, we expand the existing set of tools making it possible to address the role of sumoylation in the nematode C. elegans using a combination of genetics, imaging, and biochemistry. Most importantly, the dynamics of SUMO conjugation and deconjugation can be followed very precisely both in space and time within living worms. Additionally, the biochemistry of SUMO conjugation and deconjugation can be addressed using recombinant purified components of the C. elegans sumoylation machinery, including E3 ligases and SUMO proteases. These tools and reagents will be useful to gain insights into the biological role of SUMO in the context of a multicellular organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Pelisch
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Sir James Black Centre, Dow Street, Dundee, DD1 5EH, UK.
| | - Ronald T Hay
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Sir James Black Centre, Dow Street, Dundee, DD1 5EH, UK
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