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Néel E, Chiritoiu-Butnaru M, Fargues W, Denus M, Colladant M, Filaquier A, Stewart SE, Lehmann S, Zurzolo C, Rubinsztein DC, Marin P, Parmentier ML, Villeneuve J. The endolysosomal system in conventional and unconventional protein secretion. J Cell Biol 2024; 223:e202404152. [PMID: 39133205 PMCID: PMC11318669 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202404152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Most secreted proteins are transported through the "conventional" endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi apparatus exocytic route for their delivery to the cell surface and release into the extracellular space. Nonetheless, formative discoveries have underscored the existence of alternative or "unconventional" secretory routes, which play a crucial role in exporting a diverse array of cytosolic proteins outside the cell in response to intrinsic demands, external cues, and environmental changes. In this context, lysosomes emerge as dynamic organelles positioned at the crossroads of multiple intracellular trafficking pathways, endowed with the capacity to fuse with the plasma membrane and recognized for their key role in both conventional and unconventional protein secretion. The recent recognition of lysosomal transport and exocytosis in the unconventional secretion of cargo proteins provides new and promising insights into our understanding of numerous physiological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eloïse Néel
- Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM , Montpellier, France
| | | | - William Fargues
- Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM , Montpellier, France
| | - Morgane Denus
- Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM , Montpellier, France
| | - Maëlle Colladant
- Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM , Montpellier, France
| | - Aurore Filaquier
- Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM , Montpellier, France
| | - Sarah E Stewart
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sylvain Lehmann
- Laboratoire de Biochimie-Protéomique Clinique-Plateforme de Protéomique Clinique, Université de Montpellier, Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapy Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier INSERM , Montpellier, France
| | - Chiara Zurzolo
- Unité de Trafic Membranaire et Pathogenèse, Institut Pasteur, UMR3691 CNRS , Paris, France
| | - David C Rubinsztein
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute , Cambridge, UK
| | - Philippe Marin
- Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM , Montpellier, France
| | - Marie-Laure Parmentier
- Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM , Montpellier, France
| | - Julien Villeneuve
- Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM , Montpellier, France
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2
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Mendes LFS, Gimenes CO, da Silva MDO, Rout SK, Riek R, Costa‐Filho AJ. The potential role of liquid-liquid phase separation in the cellular fate of the compartments for unconventional protein secretion. Protein Sci 2024; 33:e5085. [PMID: 38923199 PMCID: PMC11201811 DOI: 10.1002/pro.5085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Eukaryotic cells have developed intricate mechanisms for biomolecule transport, particularly in stressful conditions. This interdisciplinary study delves into unconventional protein secretion (UPS) pathways activated during starvation, facilitating the export of proteins bypassing most of the components of the classical secretory machinery. Specifically, we focus on the underexplored mechanisms of the GRASP's role in UPS, particularly in biogenesis and cargo recruitment for the vesicular-like compartment for UPS. Our results show that liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) plays a key role in the coacervation of Grh1, the GRASP yeast homologue, under starvation-like conditions. This association seems a precursor to the Compartment for Unconventional Protein Secretion (CUPS) biogenesis. Grh1's self-association is regulated by electrostatic, hydrophobic, and hydrogen-bonding interactions. Importantly, our study demonstrates that phase-separated states of Grh1 can recruit UPS cargo under starvation-like situations. Additionally, we explore how the coacervate liquid-to-solid transition could impact cells' ability to return to normal post-stress states. Our findings offer insights into intracellular protein dynamics and cell adaptive responses to stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Felipe S. Mendes
- Group of Biophysics and Structural Biology "Sergio Mascarenhas". São Carlos Institute of PhysicsUniversity of São PauloSão CarlosSão PauloBrazil
- Department of Physics, Ribeirão Preto School of Philosophy, Science, and LiteratureUniversity of São PauloRibeirão PretoSão PauloBrazil
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH HönggerbergZürichSwitzerland
| | - Carolina O. Gimenes
- Department of Physics, Ribeirão Preto School of Philosophy, Science, and LiteratureUniversity of São PauloRibeirão PretoSão PauloBrazil
| | - Marília D. O. da Silva
- Group of Biophysics and Structural Biology "Sergio Mascarenhas". São Carlos Institute of PhysicsUniversity of São PauloSão CarlosSão PauloBrazil
| | - Saroj K. Rout
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH HönggerbergZürichSwitzerland
| | - Roland Riek
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH HönggerbergZürichSwitzerland
| | - Antonio J. Costa‐Filho
- Department of Physics, Ribeirão Preto School of Philosophy, Science, and LiteratureUniversity of São PauloRibeirão PretoSão PauloBrazil
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3
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Dzaki N, Alenius M. A cilia-bound unconventional secretory pathway for Drosophila odorant receptors. BMC Biol 2024; 22:84. [PMID: 38610043 PMCID: PMC11015608 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-024-01877-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Post-translational transport is a vital process which ensures that each protein reaches its site of function. Though most do so via an ordered ER-to-Golgi route, an increasing number of proteins are now shown to bypass this conventional secretory pathway. RESULTS In the Drosophila olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs), odorant receptors (ORs) are trafficked from the ER towards the cilia. Here, we show that Or22a, a receptor of various esters and alcoholic compounds, reaches the cilia partially through unconventional means. Or22a frequently present as puncta at the somatic cell body exit and within the dendrite prior to the cilia base. These rarely coincide with markers of either the intermediary ER-Golgi-intermediate-compartment (ERGIC) or Golgi structures. ERGIC and Golgi also displayed axonal localization biases, a further indication that at least some measure of OR transport may occur independently of their involvement. Additionally, neither the loss of several COPII genes involved in anterograde trafficking nor ERGIC itself affected puncta formation or Or22a transport to the cilium. Instead, we observed the consistent colocalization of Or22a puncta with Grasp65, the sole Drosophila homolog of mammalian GRASP55/Grh1, a marker of the unconventional pathway. The numbers of both Or22a and Grasp65-positive puncta were furthermore increased upon nutritional starvation, a condition known to enhance Golgi-bypassing secretory activity. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate an alternative route of Or22a transport, thus expanding the repertoire of unconventional secretion mechanisms in neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najat Dzaki
- Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, 901 87, SE, Sweden
| | - Mattias Alenius
- Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, 901 87, SE, Sweden.
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4
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Lolicato F, Steringer JP, Saleppico R, Beyer D, Fernandez-Sobaberas J, Unger S, Klein S, Riegerová P, Wegehingel S, Müller HM, Schmitt XJ, Kaptan S, Freund C, Hof M, Šachl R, Chlanda P, Vattulainen I, Nickel W. Disulfide bridge-dependent dimerization triggers FGF2 membrane translocation into the extracellular space. eLife 2024; 12:RP88579. [PMID: 38252473 PMCID: PMC10945597 DOI: 10.7554/elife.88579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) exits cells by direct translocation across the plasma membrane, a type I pathway of unconventional protein secretion. This process is initiated by phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PI(4,5)P2)-dependent formation of highly dynamic FGF2 oligomers at the inner plasma membrane leaflet, inducing the formation of lipidic membrane pores. Cell surface heparan sulfate chains linked to glypican-1 (GPC1) capture FGF2 at the outer plasma membrane leaflet, completing FGF2 membrane translocation into the extracellular space. While the basic steps of this pathway are well understood, the molecular mechanism by which FGF2 oligomerizes on membrane surfaces remains unclear. In the current study, we demonstrate the initial step of this process to depend on C95-C95 disulfide-bridge-mediated FGF2 dimerization on membrane surfaces, producing the building blocks for higher FGF2 oligomers that drive the formation of membrane pores. We find FGF2 with a C95A substitution to be defective in oligomerization, pore formation, and membrane translocation. Consistently, we demonstrate a C95A variant of FGF2 to be characterized by a severe secretion phenotype. By contrast, while also important for efficient FGF2 secretion from cells, a second cysteine residue on the molecular surface of FGF2 (C77) is not involved in FGF2 oligomerization. Rather, we find C77 to be part of the interaction interface through which FGF2 binds to the α1 subunit of the Na,K-ATPase, the landing platform for FGF2 at the inner plasma membrane leaflet. Using cross-linking mass spectrometry, atomistic molecular dynamics simulations combined with a machine learning analysis and cryo-electron tomography, we propose a mechanism by which disulfide-bridged FGF2 dimers bind with high avidity to PI(4,5)P2 on membrane surfaces. We further propose a tight coupling between FGF2 secretion and the formation of ternary signaling complexes on cell surfaces, hypothesizing that C95-C95-bridged FGF2 dimers are functioning as the molecular units triggering autocrine and paracrine FGF2 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Lolicato
- Heidelberg University Biochemistry CenterHeidelbergGermany
- Department of Physics, University of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | | | | | - Daniel Beyer
- Heidelberg University Biochemistry CenterHeidelbergGermany
| | | | | | - Steffen Klein
- Schaller Research Group, Department of Infectious Diseases-Virology, Heidelberg University HospitalHeidelbergGermany
| | - Petra Riegerová
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of SciencesPragueCzech Republic
| | | | | | - Xiao J Schmitt
- Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - Shreyas Kaptan
- Department of Physics, University of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Christian Freund
- Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - Martin Hof
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of SciencesPragueCzech Republic
| | - Radek Šachl
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of SciencesPragueCzech Republic
| | - Petr Chlanda
- Schaller Research Group, Department of Infectious Diseases-Virology, Heidelberg University HospitalHeidelbergGermany
| | | | - Walter Nickel
- Heidelberg University Biochemistry CenterHeidelbergGermany
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5
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Peña-Martinez C, Rickman AD, Heckmann BL. Beyond autophagy: LC3-associated phagocytosis and endocytosis. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabn1702. [PMID: 36288309 PMCID: PMC9604515 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abn1702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Noncanonical functions of the autophagy machinery in pathways including LC3-associated phagocytosis and LC3-associated endocytosis have garnered increasing interest in both normal physiology and pathobiology. New discoveries over the past decade of noncanonical uses of the autophagy machinery in these distinct molecular mechanisms have led to robust investigation into the roles of single-membrane LC3 lipidation. Noncanonical autophagy pathways have now been implicated in the regulation of multiple processes ranging from debris clearance, cellular signaling, and immune regulation and inflammation. Accumulating evidence is demonstrating roles in a variety of disease states including host-pathogen responses, autoimmunity, cancer, and neurological and neurodegenerative pathologies. Here, we broadly summarize the differences in the mechanistic regulation between autophagy and LAP and LANDO and highlight some of the key roles of LAP and LANDO in innate immune function, inflammation, and disease pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Peña-Martinez
- Department of Molecular Medicine, USF Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
- Byrd Alzheimer’s Center, USF Health Neuroscience Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Alexis D. Rickman
- Department of Molecular Medicine, USF Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
- Byrd Alzheimer’s Center, USF Health Neuroscience Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Bradlee L. Heckmann
- Department of Molecular Medicine, USF Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
- Byrd Alzheimer’s Center, USF Health Neuroscience Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
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6
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Choi W, Kang S, Kim J. New insights into the role of the Golgi apparatus in the pathogenesis and therapeutics of human diseases. Arch Pharm Res 2022; 45:671-692. [PMID: 36178581 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-022-01408-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The Golgi apparatus is an essential cellular organelle that mediates homeostatic functions, including vesicle trafficking and the post-translational modification of macromolecules. Its unique stacked structure and dynamic functions are tightly regulated, and several Golgi proteins play key roles in the functioning of unconventional protein secretory pathways triggered by cellular stress responses. Recently, an increasing number of studies have implicated defects in Golgi functioning in human diseases such as cancer, neurodegenerative, and immunological disorders. Understanding the extraordinary characteristics of Golgi proteins is important for elucidating its associated intracellular signaling mechanisms and has important ramifications for human health. Therefore, analyzing the mechanisms by which the Golgi participates in disease pathogenesis may be useful for developing novel therapeutic strategies. This review articulates the structural features and abnormalities of the Golgi apparatus reported in various diseases and the suspected mechanisms underlying the Golgi-associated pathologies. Furthermore, we review the potential therapeutic strategies based on Golgi function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wooseon Choi
- Department of Pharmacology, Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Korea
| | - Shinwon Kang
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jiyoon Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Korea.
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7
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Extended-synaptotagmin 1 engages in unconventional protein secretion mediated via SEC22B + vesicle pathway in liver cancer. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2202730119. [PMID: 36044553 PMCID: PMC9457520 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2202730119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein secretion in cancer cells defines tumor survival and progression by orchestrating the microenvironment. Studies suggest the occurrence of active secretion of cytosolic proteins in liver cancer and their involvement in tumorigenesis. Here, we investigated the identification of extended-synaptotagmin 1 (E-Syt1), an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-bound protein, as a key mediator for cytosolic protein secretion at the ER-plasma membrane (PM) contact sites. Cytosolic proteins interacted with E-Syt1 on the ER, and then localized spatially inside SEC22B+ vesicles of liver cancer cells. Consequently, SEC22B on the vesicle tethered to the PM via Q-SNAREs (SNAP23, SNX3, and SNX4) for their secretion. Furthermore, inhibiting the interaction of protein kinase Cδ (PKCδ), a liver cancer-specific secretory cytosolic protein, with E-Syt1 by a PKCδ antibody, decreased in both PKCδ secretion and tumorigenicity. Results reveal the role of ER-PM contact sites in cytosolic protein secretion and provide a basis for ER-targeting therapy for liver cancer.
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8
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Maricchiolo E, Panfili E, Pompa A, De Marchis F, Bellucci M, Pallotta MT. Unconventional Pathways of Protein Secretion: Mammals vs. Plants. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:895853. [PMID: 35573696 PMCID: PMC9096121 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.895853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In eukaryotes, many proteins contain an N-terminal signal peptide that allows their translocation into the endoplasmic reticulum followed by secretion outside the cell according to the classical secretory system. However, an increasing number of secreted proteins lacking the signal peptide sequence are emerging. These proteins, secreted in several alternative ways collectively known as unconventional protein secretion (UPS) pathways, exert extracellular functions including cell signaling, immune modulation, as well as moonlighting activities different from their well-described intracellular functions. Pathways for UPS include direct transfer across the plasma membrane, secretion from endosomal/multivesicular body-related components, release within plasma membrane-derived microvesicles, or use of elements of autophagy. In this review we describe the mammals and plants UPS pathways identified so far highlighting commonalities and differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Maricchiolo
- Section of Biological and Biotechnological Sciences, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
| | - Eleonora Panfili
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Andrea Pompa
- Section of Biological and Biotechnological Sciences, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
| | - Francesca De Marchis
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, National Research Council of Italy, Perugia, Italy
| | - Michele Bellucci
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, National Research Council of Italy, Perugia, Italy
- *Correspondence: Michele Bellucci, ; Maria Teresa Pallotta,
| | - Maria Teresa Pallotta
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
- *Correspondence: Michele Bellucci, ; Maria Teresa Pallotta,
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9
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Filaquier A, Marin P, Parmentier ML, Villeneuve J. Roads and hubs of unconventional protein secretion. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2022; 75:102072. [PMID: 35305454 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2022.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In eukaryotes, there is now compelling evidence that in addition to the conventional endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi secretory pathway, there are additional routes for the export of cytoplasmic proteins with a critical role in numerous physio-pathological conditions. These alternative secretory pathways or unconventional protein secretion (UPS) start now to be molecularly dissected, and while UPS landscape appears to be governed by a striking diversity and heterogeneity of mechanisms, common principles are emerging. We review here the role of key molecular determinants as well as the role of central hubs for UPS, highlighting the plasticity and dynamic properties of membrane-bound compartments. We also describe recent findings that position UPS as an integral component of adaptive responses to cope with particular cellular needs and stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurore Filaquier
- Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Philippe Marin
- Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Marie-Laure Parmentier
- Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Julien Villeneuve
- Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France.
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10
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Resurrecting Golgi proteins to grasp Golgi ribbon formation and self-association under stress. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 194:264-275. [PMID: 34861272 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The Golgi complex is an essential organelle of the eukaryotic exocytic pathway. A subfamily of Golgi matrix proteins, called GRASPs, is central in stress-induced unconventional secretion, Golgi dynamics during mitosis/apoptosis, and Golgi ribbon formation. The Golgi ribbon is vertebrate-specific and correlates with the appearance of two GRASP paralogues and two Golgins (GM130/Golgin45), which form specific GRASP-Golgin pairs. The molecular details of their appearance only in Metazoans are unknown. Moreover, despite new functionalities supported by GRASP paralogy, little is known about their structural and evolutionary differences. Here, we used ancestor sequence reconstruction and biophysical/biochemical approaches to assess the evolution of GRASPs structure/dynamics, fibrillation, and how they started anchoring their Golgin partners. Our data showed that a GRASP ancestor anchored Golgins before gorasp gene duplication in Metazoans. After gene duplication, variations within the GRASP binding pocket determined which paralogue would recruit which Golgin. These interactions are responsible for their specific Golgi location and Golgi ribbon appearance. We also suggest that GRASPs have a long-standing capacity to form supramolecular structures, affecting their participation in stress-induced processes.
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11
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Pothukuchi P, Agliarulo I, Pirozzi M, Rizzo R, Russo D, Turacchio G, Nüchel J, Yang JS, Gehin C, Capolupo L, Hernandez-Corbacho MJ, Biswas A, Vanacore G, Dathan N, Nitta T, Henklein P, Thattai M, Inokuchi JI, Hsu VW, Plomann M, Obeid LM, Hannun YA, Luini A, D'Angelo G, Parashuraman S. GRASP55 regulates intra-Golgi localization of glycosylation enzymes to control glycosphingolipid biosynthesis. EMBO J 2021; 40:e107766. [PMID: 34516001 PMCID: PMC8521277 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2021107766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The Golgi apparatus, the main glycosylation station of the cell, consists of a stack of discontinuous cisternae. Glycosylation enzymes are usually concentrated in one or two specific cisternae along the cis‐trans axis of the organelle. How such compartmentalized localization of enzymes is achieved and how it contributes to glycosylation are not clear. Here, we show that the Golgi matrix protein GRASP55 directs the compartmentalized localization of key enzymes involved in glycosphingolipid (GSL) biosynthesis. GRASP55 binds to these enzymes and prevents their entry into COPI‐based retrograde transport vesicles, thus concentrating them in the trans‐Golgi. In genome‐edited cells lacking GRASP55, or in cells expressing mutant enzymes without GRASP55 binding sites, these enzymes relocate to the cis‐Golgi, which affects glycosphingolipid biosynthesis by changing flux across metabolic branch points. These findings reveal a mechanism by which a matrix protein regulates polarized localization of glycosylation enzymes in the Golgi and controls competition in glycan biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prathyush Pothukuchi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council of Italy, Rome, Italy
| | - Ilenia Agliarulo
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council of Italy, Rome, Italy
| | - Marinella Pirozzi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council of Italy, Rome, Italy
| | - Riccardo Rizzo
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council of Italy, Rome, Italy
| | - Domenico Russo
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council of Italy, Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriele Turacchio
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council of Italy, Rome, Italy
| | - Julian Nüchel
- Medical Faculty, Center for Biochemistry, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jia-Shu Yang
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Charlotte Gehin
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Laura Capolupo
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Ansuman Biswas
- National Center of Biological Sciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Giovanna Vanacore
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council of Italy, Rome, Italy
| | - Nina Dathan
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council of Italy, Rome, Italy
| | - Takahiro Nitta
- Division of Glycopathology, Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Petra Henklein
- Universitätsmedizin Berlin Institut für Biochemie Charité CrossOver Charitéplatz 1 / Sitz, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mukund Thattai
- National Center of Biological Sciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Jin-Ichi Inokuchi
- Division of Glycopathology, Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Victor W Hsu
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Markus Plomann
- Medical Faculty, Center for Biochemistry, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Lina M Obeid
- Stony Brook University Medical Center, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Yusuf A Hannun
- Stony Brook University Medical Center, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Alberto Luini
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council of Italy, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni D'Angelo
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council of Italy, Rome, Italy.,École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
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12
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Tan X, Shi L, Banerjee P, Liu X, Guo HF, Yu J, Bota-Rabassedas N, Rodriguez BL, Gibbons DL, Russell WK, Creighton CJ, Kurie JM. A protumorigenic secretory pathway activated by p53 deficiency in lung adenocarcinoma. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:137186. [PMID: 32931483 DOI: 10.1172/jci137186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic strategies designed to target TP53-deficient cancer cells remain elusive. Here, we showed that TP53 loss initiated a pharmacologically actionable secretory process that drove lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) progression. Molecular, biochemical, and cell biological studies showed that TP53 loss increased the expression of Golgi reassembly and stacking protein 55 kDa (G55), a Golgi stacking protein that maintains Golgi organelle integrity and is part of a GOLGIN45 (G45)-myosin IIA-containing protein complex that activates secretory vesicle biogenesis in the Golgi. TP53 loss activated G55-dependent secretion by relieving G55 and myosin IIA from miR-34a-dependent silencing. G55-dependent secreted proteins enhanced the proliferative and invasive activities of TP53-deficient LUAD cells and promoted angiogenesis and CD8+ T cell exhaustion in the tumor microenvironment. A small molecule that blocks G55-G45 interactions impaired secretion and reduced TP53-deficient LUAD growth and metastasis. These results identified a targetable secretory vulnerability in TP53-deficient LUAD cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochao Tan
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Lei Shi
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Priyam Banerjee
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Hou-Fu Guo
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jiang Yu
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Neus Bota-Rabassedas
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - B Leticia Rodriguez
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Don L Gibbons
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - William K Russell
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Chad J Creighton
- Department of Medicine, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jonathan M Kurie
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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13
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Calderon-Dominguez M, Mangas A, Belmonte T, Quezada-Feijoo M, Ramos M, Toro R. Fisiopatología de la miocardiopatía dilatada isquémica a través del microRNA-16-5p. Rev Esp Cardiol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.recesp.2020.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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14
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Abstract
While p53 is the most highly mutated and perhaps best studied tumor suppressor protein related to cancer, it remains refractory to targeted therapeutic strategies. In this issue of the JCI, Tan and colleagues investigated the mechanistic basis of the mutant p53 secretome in preclinical models of lung adenocarcinoma. The authors uncovered miR-34a as a regulator of a conventional protein secretion axis, which is mediated by three proteins: the Golgi reassembly and stacking protein 55 kDa (GRASP55), basic leucine zipper nuclear factor 1, and myosin IIA. Inhibition of GRASP55 in TP53-deficient lung adenocarcinoma suppressed protumorigenic secretion of osteopontin/secreted phosphoprotein 1 and insulin-like growth factor binding protein 2 and reduced tumor growth and metastases in mice as well as in patient-derived xenografts. These results provide a therapeutic opportunity to target downstream effects of p53 loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kartik Sehgal
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - David A Barbie
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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15
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Nüchel J, Tauber M, Nolte JL, Mörgelin M, Türk C, Eckes B, Demetriades C, Plomann M. An mTORC1-GRASP55 signaling axis controls unconventional secretion to reshape the extracellular proteome upon stress. Mol Cell 2021; 81:3275-3293.e12. [PMID: 34245671 PMCID: PMC8382303 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2021.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Cells communicate with their environment via surface proteins and secreted factors. Unconventional protein secretion (UPS) is an evolutionarily conserved process, via which distinct cargo proteins are secreted upon stress. Most UPS types depend upon the Golgi-associated GRASP55 protein. However, its regulation and biological role remain poorly understood. Here, we show that the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) directly phosphorylates GRASP55 to maintain its Golgi localization, thus revealing a physiological role for mTORC1 at this organelle. Stimuli that inhibit mTORC1 cause GRASP55 dephosphorylation and relocalization to UPS compartments. Through multiple, unbiased, proteomic analyses, we identify numerous cargoes that follow this unconventional secretory route to reshape the cellular secretome and surfactome. Using MMP2 secretion as a proxy for UPS, we provide important insights on its regulation and physiological role. Collectively, our findings reveal the mTORC1-GRASP55 signaling hub as the integration point in stress signaling upstream of UPS and as a key coordinator of the cellular adaptation to stress. mTORC1 phosphorylates GRASP55 directly at the Golgi in non-stressed cells mTORC1 inactivation by stress leads to GRASP55 dephosphorylation and relocalization GRASP55 relocalization to autophagosomes and MVBs drives UPS of selected cargo mTORC1-GRASP55 link cellular stress to changes in the extracellular proteome via UPS
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Nüchel
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing (MPI-AGE), 50931 Cologne, Germany; University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Center for Biochemistry, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Marina Tauber
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Center for Biochemistry, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Janica L Nolte
- University of Cologne, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Clara Türk
- University of Cologne, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Beate Eckes
- University of Cologne, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), 50931 Cologne, Germany; University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Translational Matrix Biology, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Constantinos Demetriades
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing (MPI-AGE), 50931 Cologne, Germany; University of Cologne, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), 50931 Cologne, Germany.
| | - Markus Plomann
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Center for Biochemistry, 50931 Cologne, Germany.
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16
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Cruz-Garcia D, Brouwers N, Malhotra V, Curwin AJ. Reactive oxygen species triggers unconventional secretion of antioxidants and Acb1. J Cell Biol 2020; 219:151570. [PMID: 32328640 PMCID: PMC7147093 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201905028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nutrient deprivation triggers the release of signal-sequence–lacking Acb1 and the antioxidant superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1). We now report that secreted SOD1 is functionally active and accompanied by export of other antioxidant enzymes such as thioredoxins (Trx1 and Trx2) and peroxiredoxin Ahp1 in a Grh1-dependent manner. Our data reveal that starvation leads to production of nontoxic levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Treatment of cells with N-acetylcysteine (NAC), which sequesters ROS, prevents antioxidants and Acb1 secretion. Starved cells lacking Grh1 are metabolically active, but defective in their ability to regrow upon return to growth conditions. Treatment with NAC restored the Grh1-dependent effect of starvation on cell growth. In sum, starvation triggers ROS production and cells respond by secreting antioxidants and the lipogenic signaling protein Acb1. We suggest that starvation-specific unconventional secretion of antioxidants and Acb1-like activities maintain cells in a form necessary for growth upon their eventual return to normal conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Cruz-Garcia
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nathalie Brouwers
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vivek Malhotra
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.,Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Pg. Lluis COmpanys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Amy J Curwin
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
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17
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Mendes A, Gigan JP, Rodriguez Rodrigues C, Choteau SA, Sanseau D, Barros D, Almeida C, Camosseto V, Chasson L, Paton AW, Paton JC, Argüello RJ, Lennon-Duménil AM, Gatti E, Pierre P. Proteostasis in dendritic cells is controlled by the PERK signaling axis independently of ATF4. Life Sci Alliance 2020; 4:4/2/e202000865. [PMID: 33443099 PMCID: PMC7756897 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202000865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Differentiated dendritic cells display an unusual activation of the integrated stress response, which is necessary for normal type-I Interferon production and cell migration. In stressed cells, phosphorylation of eukaryotic initiation factor 2α (eIF2α) controls transcriptome-wide changes in mRNA translation and gene expression known as the integrated stress response. We show here that DCs are characterized by high eIF2α phosphorylation, mostly caused by the activation of the ER kinase PERK (EIF2AK3). Despite high p-eIF2α levels, DCs display active protein synthesis and no signs of a chronic integrated stress response. This biochemical specificity prevents translation arrest and expression of the transcription factor ATF4 during ER-stress induction by the subtilase cytotoxin (SubAB). PERK inactivation, increases globally protein synthesis levels and regulates IFN-β expression, while impairing LPS-stimulated DC migration. Although the loss of PERK activity does not impact DC development, the cross talk existing between actin cytoskeleton dynamics; PERK and eIF2α phosphorylation is likely important to adapt DC homeostasis to the variations imposed by the immune contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreia Mendes
- Aix Marseille Université, Centre National de la Recherch Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille Luminy (CIML), CENTURI, Marseille, France.,Department of Medical Sciences, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (iBiMED) and Ilidio Pinho Foundation, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.,International Associated Laboratory (LIA) CNRS "Mistra", Marseille, France
| | - Julien P Gigan
- Aix Marseille Université, Centre National de la Recherch Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille Luminy (CIML), CENTURI, Marseille, France
| | - Christian Rodriguez Rodrigues
- Aix Marseille Université, Centre National de la Recherch Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille Luminy (CIML), CENTURI, Marseille, France
| | - Sébastien A Choteau
- Aix Marseille Université, Centre National de la Recherch Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille Luminy (CIML), CENTURI, Marseille, France.,Aix-Marseille Université, INSERM, Theories and Approaches of Genomic Complexity (TAGC), CENTURI, Marseille, France
| | - Doriane Sanseau
- INSERM U932, Institut Curie, ANR-10-IDEX-0001-02 PSL* and ANR-11-LABX-0043, Paris, France
| | - Daniela Barros
- Aix Marseille Université, Centre National de la Recherch Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille Luminy (CIML), CENTURI, Marseille, France.,Department of Medical Sciences, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (iBiMED) and Ilidio Pinho Foundation, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.,International Associated Laboratory (LIA) CNRS "Mistra", Marseille, France
| | - Catarina Almeida
- Department of Medical Sciences, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (iBiMED) and Ilidio Pinho Foundation, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.,International Associated Laboratory (LIA) CNRS "Mistra", Marseille, France
| | - Voahirana Camosseto
- Aix Marseille Université, Centre National de la Recherch Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille Luminy (CIML), CENTURI, Marseille, France.,International Associated Laboratory (LIA) CNRS "Mistra", Marseille, France.,INSERM U932, Institut Curie, ANR-10-IDEX-0001-02 PSL* and ANR-11-LABX-0043, Paris, France
| | - Lionel Chasson
- Aix Marseille Université, Centre National de la Recherch Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille Luminy (CIML), CENTURI, Marseille, France
| | - Adrienne W Paton
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Science, Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - James C Paton
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Science, Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Rafael J Argüello
- Aix Marseille Université, Centre National de la Recherch Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille Luminy (CIML), CENTURI, Marseille, France.,INSERM U932, Institut Curie, ANR-10-IDEX-0001-02 PSL* and ANR-11-LABX-0043, Paris, France
| | | | - Evelina Gatti
- Aix Marseille Université, Centre National de la Recherch Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille Luminy (CIML), CENTURI, Marseille, France .,Department of Medical Sciences, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (iBiMED) and Ilidio Pinho Foundation, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.,International Associated Laboratory (LIA) CNRS "Mistra", Marseille, France.,INSERM U932, Institut Curie, ANR-10-IDEX-0001-02 PSL* and ANR-11-LABX-0043, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Pierre
- Aix Marseille Université, Centre National de la Recherch Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille Luminy (CIML), CENTURI, Marseille, France .,Department of Medical Sciences, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (iBiMED) and Ilidio Pinho Foundation, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.,International Associated Laboratory (LIA) CNRS "Mistra", Marseille, France.,INSERM U932, Institut Curie, ANR-10-IDEX-0001-02 PSL* and ANR-11-LABX-0043, Paris, France
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18
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The exquisite structural biophysics of the Golgi Reassembly and Stacking Proteins. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 164:3632-3644. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.08.203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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19
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Zhang X, Wang Y. Nonredundant Roles of GRASP55 and GRASP65 in the Golgi Apparatus and Beyond. Trends Biochem Sci 2020; 45:1065-1079. [PMID: 32893104 PMCID: PMC7641999 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2020.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
It has been demonstrated that two Golgi stacking proteins, GRASP55 and GRASP65, self-interact to form trans-oligomers that tether adjacent Golgi membranes into stacks and ribbons in mammalian cells. This ensures proper functioning of the Golgi apparatus in protein trafficking and processing. More recently, GRASP proteins have drawn extensive attention from researchers due to their diverse and essential roles in and out of the Golgi in different organisms. In this review, we summarize their established roles in Golgi structure formation and function under physiological conditions. We then highlight the emerging and divergent roles for individual GRASP proteins, focusing on GRASP65 in cell migration and apoptosis and GRASP55 in unconventional protein secretion and autophagy under stress or pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Zhang
- College of Biomedicine and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China; College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Yanzhuang Wang
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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20
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Pallotta MT, Nickel W. FGF2 and IL-1β – explorers of unconventional secretory pathways at a glance. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:133/21/jcs250449. [DOI: 10.1242/jcs.250449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) and interleukin 1β (IL-1β) were among the earliest examples of a subclass of proteins with extracellular functions that were found to lack N-terminal secretory signal peptides and were shown to be secreted in an ER- and Golgi-independent manner. Many years later, a number of alternative secretory pathways have been discovered, processes collectively termed unconventional protein secretion (UPS). In the course of these studies, unconventional secretion of FGF2 and IL-1β were found to be based upon distinct pathways, mechanisms and molecular machineries. Following a concise introduction into various pathways mediating unconventional secretion and transcellular spreading of proteins, this Cell Science at a Glance poster article aims at a focused analysis of recent key discoveries providing unprecedented detail about the molecular mechanisms and machineries driving FGF2 and IL-1β secretion. These findings are also highly relevant for other unconventionally secreted cargoes that, like FGF2 and IL1β, exert fundamental biological functions in biomedically relevant processes, such as tumor-induced angiogenesis and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Walter Nickel
- Heidelberg University Biochemistry Center, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
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21
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Reddy ST, Uversky VN, Costa-Filho AJ. Biophysical characterization of intrinsically disordered human Golgi matrix protein GRASP65. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 162:1982-1993. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.08.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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22
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Lyn kinase regulates egress of flaviviruses in autophagosome-derived organelles. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5189. [PMID: 33060596 PMCID: PMC7564011 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19028-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Among the various host cellular processes that are hijacked by flaviviruses, few mechanisms have been described with regard to viral egress. Here we investigate how flaviviruses exploit Src family kinases (SFKs) for exit from infected cells. We identify Lyn as a critical component for secretion of Dengue and Zika infectious particles and their corresponding virus like particles (VLPs). Pharmacological inhibition or genetic depletion of the SFKs, Lyn in particular, block virus secretion. Lyn−/− cells are impaired in virus release and are rescued when reconstituted with wild-type Lyn, but not a kinase- or palmitoylation-deficient Lyn mutant. We establish that virus particles are secreted in two distinct populations – one as free virions and the other enclosed within membranes. Lyn is critical for the latter, which consists of proteolytically processed, infectious virus progenies within autophagosome-derived vesicles. This process depends on Ulk1, Rab GTPases and SNARE complexes implicated in secretory but not degradative autophagy and occur with significantly faster kinetics than the conventional secretory pathway. Our study reveals a previously undiscovered Lyn-dependent exit route of flaviviruses in LC3+ secretory organelles that enables them to evade circulating antibodies and might affect tissue tropism. Egress of flaviviruses and involved host pathways are not well understood. Here, the authors show that Lyn is a critical host kinase for Dengue and Zika virus egress resulting in infectious virus progenies within autophagosome-derived vesicles, which might help the virus to evade antibody responses.
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23
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Ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy pathophysiology through microRNA-16-5p. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 74:740-749. [PMID: 33051165 DOI: 10.1016/j.rec.2020.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES The expression levels of microRNA-16-5p (miR-16) are upregulated in ischemic cardiomyopathy and in animal models of ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy (iDCM), inducing myocardial apoptosis. We investigated the role of miR-16 in the adaptive cellular response associated with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and autophagy in the apoptotic iDCM environment. METHODS We quantified the miR-16 plasma levels of 168 participants-76 controls, 60 iDCM patients, and 32 familial DCM patients with the pathogenic variant of BAG3-by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and correlated the levels with patient variables. The effects of intracellular miR-16 overexpression were analyzed in a human cardiac cell line. Apoptosis and cell viability were measured, as well as the levels of markers associated with ER stress, cardiac injury, and autophagy. RESULTS Plasma miR-16 levels were upregulated in iDCM patients (P=.039). A multivariate logistic regression model determined the association of miR-16 with iDCM clinical variables (P <.001). In vitro, miR-16 overexpression increased apoptosis (P=.02) and reduced cell viability (P=.008). Furthermore, it induced proapoptotic components of ER stress, based on upregulation of the PERK/CHOP pathway. However, we observed augmentation of autophagic flux (P <.001) without lysosomal blockade by miR-16 as a possible cytoprotective mechanism. CONCLUSIONS MiR-16 is specifically associated with iDCM. In an ischemic setting, miR-16 activates ER stress and promotes inflammation followed by autophagy in human cardiac cells. Thus, autophagy may be an attempt to maintain cellular homeostasis in response to misfolded/aggregated proteins related to ER stress, prior to apoptosis.
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24
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Bulek K, Zhao J, Liao Y, Rana N, Corridoni D, Antanaviciute A, Chen X, Wang H, Qian W, Miller-Little WA, Swaidani S, Tang F, Willard BB, McCrae K, Kang Z, Dubyak GR, Cominelli F, Simmons A, Pizarro TT, Li X. Epithelial-derived gasdermin D mediates nonlytic IL-1β release during experimental colitis. J Clin Invest 2020; 130:4218-4234. [PMID: 32597834 PMCID: PMC7410065 DOI: 10.1172/jci138103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Gasdermin D (GSDMD) induces pyroptosis via the pore-forming activity of its N-terminal domain, cleaved by activated caspases associated with the release of IL-1β. Here, we report a nonpyroptotic role of full-length GSDMD in guiding the release of IL-1β-containing small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) from intestinal epithelial cells (IECs). In response to caspase-8 inflammasome activation, GSDMD, chaperoned by Cdc37/Hsp90, recruits the E3 ligase, NEDD4, to catalyze polyubiquitination of pro-IL-1β, serving as a signal for cargo loading into secretory vesicles. GSDMD and IL-1β colocalize with the exosome markers CD63 and ALIX intracellularly, and GSDMD and NEDD4 are required for release of CD63+ sEVs containing IL-1β, GSDMD, NEDD4, and caspase-8. Importantly, increased expression of epithelial-derived GSDMD is observed both in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and those with experimental colitis. While GSDMD-dependent release of IL-1β-containing sEVs is detected in cultured colonic explants from colitic mice, GSDMD deficiency substantially attenuates disease severity, implicating GSDMD-mediated release of IL-1β sEVs in the pathogenesis of intestinal inflammation, such as that observed in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Bulek
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Junjie Zhao
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Yun Liao
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Nitish Rana
- Department of Pathology and
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Daniele Corridoni
- Medical Research Counsel (MRC) Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Agne Antanaviciute
- Medical Research Counsel (MRC) Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Xing Chen
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Han Wang
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Wen Qian
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - William A. Miller-Little
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pathology and
| | | | - Fangqiang Tang
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Belinda B. Willard
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Core, Cleveland Clinic, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Keith McCrae
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences and
| | - Zizhen Kang
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - George R. Dubyak
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Fabio Cominelli
- Department of Pathology and
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Digestive Health Institute, University Hospitals of Cleveland, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Alison Simmons
- Medical Research Counsel (MRC) Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Theresa T. Pizarro
- Department of Pathology and
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Xiaoxia Li
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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25
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Zhang M, Liu L, Lin X, Wang Y, Li Y, Guo Q, Li S, Sun Y, Tao X, Zhang D, Lv X, Zheng L, Ge L. A Translocation Pathway for Vesicle-Mediated Unconventional Protein Secretion. Cell 2020; 181:637-652.e15. [PMID: 32272059 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Many cytosolic proteins lacking a signal peptide, called leaderless cargoes, are secreted through unconventional secretion. Vesicle trafficking is a major pathway involved. It is unclear how leaderless cargoes enter into the vesicle. Here, we find a translocation pathway regulating vesicle entry and secretion of leaderless cargoes. We identify TMED10 as a protein channel for the vesicle entry and secretion of many leaderless cargoes. The interaction of TMED10 C-terminal region with a motif in the cargo accounts for the selective release of the cargoes. In an in vitro reconstitution assay, TMED10 directly mediates the membrane translocation of leaderless cargoes into the liposome, which is dependent on protein unfolding and enhanced by HSP90s. In the cell, TMED10 localizes on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-Golgi intermediate compartment and directs the entry of cargoes into this compartment. Furthermore, cargo induces the formation of TMED10 homo-oligomers which may act as a protein channel for cargo translocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua University-Peking University Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Lei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua University-Peking University Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xubo Lin
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua University-Peking University Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua University-Peking University Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Qing Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua University-Peking University Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Shulin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua University-Peking University Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yuxin Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua University-Peking University Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xuan Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua University-Peking University Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Di Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua University-Peking University Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiachen Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua University-Peking University Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Li Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua University-Peking University Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Liang Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua University-Peking University Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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26
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The Golgi ribbon: mechanisms of maintenance and disassembly during the cell cycle. Biochem Soc Trans 2020; 48:245-256. [PMID: 32010930 DOI: 10.1042/bst20190646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 01/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The Golgi complex (GC) has an essential role in the processing and sorting of proteins and lipids. The GC of mammalian cells is composed of stacks of cisternae connected by membranous tubules to create a continuous network, the Golgi ribbon, whose maintenance requires several core and accessory proteins. Despite this complex structural organization, the Golgi apparatus is highly dynamic, and this property becomes particularly evident during mitosis, when the ribbon undergoes a multistep disassembly process that allows its correct partitioning and inheritance by the daughter cells. Importantly, alterations of the Golgi structure are associated with a variety of physiological and pathological conditions. Here, we review the core mechanisms and signaling pathways involved in both the maintenance and disassembly of the Golgi ribbon, and we also report on the signaling pathways that connect the disassembly of the Golgi ribbon to mitotic entry and progression.
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27
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Bailly AL, Grenier JMP, Cartier-Michaud A, Bardin F, Balzano M, Goubard A, Lissitzky JC, De Grandis M, Mancini SJC, Serge A, Aurrand-Lions M. GRASP55 Is Dispensable for Normal Hematopoiesis but Necessary for Myc-Dependent Leukemic Growth. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 204:2685-2696. [PMID: 32229537 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1901124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Grasp55 is a ubiquitous Golgi stacking protein involved in autophagy, protein trafficking, and glucose deprivation sensing. The function of Grasp55 in protein trafficking has been attributed to its PDZ-mediated interaction with the C-terminal PDZ-binding motifs of protein cargos. We have recently shown that such an interaction occurs between Grasp55 and the adhesion molecule Jam-C, which plays a central role in stemness maintenance of hematopoietic and spermatogenic cells. Accordingly, we have found that Grasp55-deficient mice suffer from spermatogenesis defects similar to Jam-C knockout mice. However, whether Grasp55 is involved in the maintenance of immunohematopoietic homeostasis through regulation of protein transport and Jam-C expression remains unknown. In this study, we show that Grasp55 deficiency does not affect hematopoietic stem cell differentiation, engraftment, or mobilization, which are known to depend on expression of Grasp55-dependent protein cargos. In contrast, using an Myc-dependent leukemic model addicted to autophagy, we show that knockdown of Grasp55 in leukemic cells reduces spleen and bone marrow tumor burden upon i.v. leukemic engraftment. This is not due to reduced homing of Grasp55-deficient cells to these organs but to increased spontaneous apoptosis of Grasp55-deficient leukemic cells correlated with increased sensitivity of the cells to glucose deprivation. These results show that Grasp55 plays a role in Myc-transformed hematopoietic cells but not in normal hematopoietic cells in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Laure Bailly
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Aix Marseille University, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Cancerology Research Center of Marseille, Marseille 13009, France; and
| | - Julien M P Grenier
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Aix Marseille University, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Cancerology Research Center of Marseille, Marseille 13009, France; and
| | - Amandine Cartier-Michaud
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Aix Marseille University, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Cancerology Research Center of Marseille, Marseille 13009, France; and
| | - Florence Bardin
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Aix Marseille University, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Cancerology Research Center of Marseille, Marseille 13009, France; and
| | - Marielle Balzano
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Aix Marseille University, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Cancerology Research Center of Marseille, Marseille 13009, France; and
| | - Armelle Goubard
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Aix Marseille University, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Cancerology Research Center of Marseille, Marseille 13009, France; and
| | - Jean-Claude Lissitzky
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Aix Marseille University, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Cancerology Research Center of Marseille, Marseille 13009, France; and
| | - Maria De Grandis
- Etablissement Français du Sang PACA Corse, Biologie des Groupes Sanguins, UMR 7268, Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Marseille 13005, France
| | - Stéphane J C Mancini
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Aix Marseille University, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Cancerology Research Center of Marseille, Marseille 13009, France; and
| | - Arnauld Serge
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Aix Marseille University, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Cancerology Research Center of Marseille, Marseille 13009, France; and
| | - Michel Aurrand-Lions
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Aix Marseille University, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Cancerology Research Center of Marseille, Marseille 13009, France; and
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Mendes LFS, Batista MRB, Judge PJ, Watts A, Redfield C, Costa-Filho AJ. Conformational flexibility of GRASPs and their constituent PDZ subdomains reveals structural basis of their promiscuous interactome. FEBS J 2020; 287:3255-3272. [PMID: 31920006 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The Golgi complex is a central component of the secretory pathway, responsible for several critical cellular functions in eukaryotes. The complex is organized by the Golgi matrix that includes the Golgi reassembly and stacking protein (GRASP), which was shown to be involved in cisternae stacking and lateral linkage in metazoan. GRASPs also have critical roles in other processes, with an unusual ability to interact with several different binding partners. The conserved N terminus of the GRASP family includes two PSD-95, DLG, and ZO-1 (PDZ) domains. Previous crystallographic studies of orthologues suggest that PDZ1 and PDZ2 have similar conformations and secondary structure content. However, PDZ1 alone mediates nearly all interactions between GRASPs and their partners. In this work, NMR, synchrotron radiation CD, and molecular dynamics (MD) were used to examine the structure, flexibility, and stability of the two constituent PDZ domains. GRASP PDZs are structured in an unusual β3 α1 β4 β5 α2 β6 β1 β2 secondary structural arrangement and NMR data indicate that the PDZ1 binding pocket is formed by a stable β2 -strand and a more flexible and unstable α2 -helix, suggesting an explanation for the higher PDZ1 promiscuity. The conformational free energy profiles of the two PDZ domains were calculated using MD simulations. The data suggest that, after binding, the protein partner significantly reduces the conformational space that GRASPs can access by stabilizing one particular conformation, in a partner-dependent fashion. The structural flexibility of PDZ1, modulated by PDZ2, and the coupled, coordinated movement between the two PDZs enable GRASPs to interact with multiple partners, allowing them to function as promiscuous, multitasking proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Felipe S Mendes
- Molecular Biophysics Laboratory, Ribeirão Preto School of Philosophy, Sciences and Literature, Physics Department, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Mariana R B Batista
- Molecular Biophysics Laboratory, Ribeirão Preto School of Philosophy, Sciences and Literature, Physics Department, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Peter J Judge
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Anthony Watts
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, UK
| | | | - Antonio J Costa-Filho
- Molecular Biophysics Laboratory, Ribeirão Preto School of Philosophy, Sciences and Literature, Physics Department, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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29
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Reddy ST, Uversky VN, Costa-Filho AJ. Nucleation-dependent amyloid fibrillation of human GRASP55 in aqueous solution. EUROPEAN BIOPHYSICS JOURNAL: EBJ 2020; 49:133-143. [DOI: 10.1007/s00249-019-01419-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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30
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Bassaganyas L, Popa SJ, Horlbeck M, Puri C, Stewart SE, Campelo F, Ashok A, Butnaru CM, Brouwers N, Heydari K, Ripoche J, Weissman J, Rubinsztein DC, Schekman R, Malhotra V, Moreau K, Villeneuve J. New factors for protein transport identified by a genome-wide CRISPRi screen in mammalian cells. J Cell Biol 2019; 218:3861-3879. [PMID: 31488582 PMCID: PMC6829651 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201902028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein and membrane trafficking pathways are critical for cell and tissue homeostasis. Traditional genetic and biochemical approaches have shed light on basic principles underlying these processes. However, the list of factors required for secretory pathway function remains incomplete, and mechanisms involved in their adaptation poorly understood. Here, we present a powerful strategy based on a pooled genome-wide CRISPRi screen that allowed the identification of new factors involved in protein transport. Two newly identified factors, TTC17 and CCDC157, localized along the secretory pathway and were found to interact with resident proteins of ER-Golgi membranes. In addition, we uncovered that upon TTC17 knockdown, the polarized organization of Golgi cisternae was altered, creating glycosylation defects, and that CCDC157 is an important factor for the fusion of transport carriers to Golgi membranes. In conclusion, our work identified and characterized new actors in the mechanisms of protein transport and secretion and opens stimulating perspectives for the use of our platform in physiological and pathological contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laia Bassaganyas
- Department of Medical Genetics, National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, and Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Stephanie J Popa
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Max Horlbeck
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Claudia Puri
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sarah E Stewart
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Felix Campelo
- Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Castelldefels, Spain
| | - Anupama Ashok
- Centre for Genomic Regulation, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristian M Butnaru
- Centre for Genomic Regulation, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Photonic Investigations, Center of Advanced Laser Technologies, National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics, Magurele, Romania
| | - Nathalie Brouwers
- Centre for Genomic Regulation, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Jean Ripoche
- Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale U1026, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Jonathan Weissman
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - David C Rubinsztein
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Randy Schekman
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA
| | - Vivek Malhotra
- Centre for Genomic Regulation, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kevin Moreau
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Julien Villeneuve
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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31
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Lystad AH, Simonsen A. Mechanisms and Pathophysiological Roles of the ATG8 Conjugation Machinery. Cells 2019; 8:E973. [PMID: 31450711 PMCID: PMC6769624 DOI: 10.3390/cells8090973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Since their initial discovery around two decades ago, the yeast autophagy-related (Atg)8 protein and its mammalian homologues of the light chain 3 (LC3) and γ-aminobutyric acid receptor associated proteins (GABARAP) families have been key for the tremendous expansion of our knowledge about autophagy, a process in which cytoplasmic material become targeted for lysosomal degradation. These proteins are ubiquitin-like proteins that become directly conjugated to a lipid in the autophagy membrane upon induction of autophagy, thus providing a marker of the pathway, allowing studies of autophagosome biogenesis and maturation. Moreover, the ATG8 proteins function to recruit components of the core autophagy machinery as well as cargo for selective degradation. Importantly, comprehensive structural and biochemical in vitro studies of the machinery required for ATG8 protein lipidation, as well as their genetic manipulation in various model organisms, have provided novel insight into the molecular mechanisms and pathophysiological roles of the mATG8 proteins. Recently, it has become evident that the ATG8 proteins and their conjugation machinery are also involved in intracellular pathways and processes not related to autophagy. This review focuses on the molecular functions of ATG8 proteins and their conjugation machinery in autophagy and other pathways, as well as their links to disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alf Håkon Lystad
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 1112 Blindern, 0317 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Anne Simonsen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 1112 Blindern, 0317 Oslo, Norway.
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32
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Reddy ST, Mendes LFS, Fontana NA, Costa-Filho AJ. Exploring structural aspects of the human Golgi matrix protein GRASP55 in solution. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 135:481-489. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.05.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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33
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Ahat E, Li J, Wang Y. New Insights Into the Golgi Stacking Proteins. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:131. [PMID: 31380369 PMCID: PMC6660245 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The Golgi stacking proteins, GRASP55 and GRASP65, are best known for their roles in Golgi structure formation. These peripheral Golgi proteins form trans-oligomers that hold the flat cisternal membranes into stacks. Depletion of both GRASP proteins in cells disrupts the Golgi stack structure, increases protein trafficking, but impairs accurate glycosylation, and sorting. Golgi unstacking by GRASPs depletion also reduces cell adhesion and migration in an integrin-dependent manner. In addition to Golgi structure formation and regulation of cellular activities, GRASPs, in particular GRASP55, have recently drawn attention in their roles in autophagy, and unconventional secretion. In autophagy, GRASP55 senses the energy level by O-GlcNAcylation, which regulates GRASP55 translocation from the Golgi to the autophagosome-lysosome interface, where it interacts with LC3 and LAMP2 to facilitate autophagosome-lysosome fusion. This newly discovered function of GRASP55 in autophagy may help explain its role in the stress-induced, autophagosome-dependent unconventional secretion. In this review, we summarize the emerging functions of the GRASP proteins, focusing on their roles in cell adhesion and migration, autophagy, unconventional secretion, as well as on novel GRASP-interacting proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erpan Ahat
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Yanzhuang Wang
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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