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Hempe JM, Hsia DS, Hagar A, Byers L. The glucosylamine oxidation pathway of vitamin C recycling. J Diabetes Complications 2024; 38:108797. [PMID: 38909585 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2024.108797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
The proposed glucosylamine oxidation pathway (GOP) is a two-step, intraerythrocyte, thermodynamically favorable nonenzymatic reaction that first binds glucose to the N-terminal valine of beta globin (βVal1) to form a closed-chain glucosylamine that can spontaneously reduce oxidized vitamin C to its antioxidant form. This review summarizes analytical, biochemical and clinical research supporting the existence of the GOP and the surprising hypothesis that βVal1 glucosylamine is a reducing agent that works cooperatively with reduced glutathione to dynamically regulate vitamin C recycling during naturally occurring periods of transiently or chronically elevated blood glucose and oxidant production. Rationale for the existence of the GOP is presented from the perspective of the hemoglobin glycation index, a clinically practical biomarker of risk for chronic vascular disease that we propose is mechanistically explained by person-to-person variation in GOP activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- James M Hempe
- Department of Pediatrics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA.
| | - Daniel S Hsia
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Arthur Hagar
- Georgia Public Health Laboratory, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Larry Byers
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
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Liu N, Yin Z, Wang M, Kui H, Yuan Z, Tian Y, Liu C, Huang J. Pharmacodynamic and targeted amino acid metabolomics researches on the improvement of diabetic retinopathy with Fufang Xueshuantong component compatibility. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2024; 1242:124194. [PMID: 38924945 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2024.124194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
The Fufang Xueshuantong capsule (FXT) has significant preventive and therapeutic effects on diabetic retinopathy(DR), but the compatibility of its active components remains to be thoroughly explored. In this study, a zebrafish diabetic retinopathy model was established using high-mixed sugars, and the optimal ratios of notoginseng total saponins, total salvianolic acid, astragaloside, and harpagide were selected through orthogonal experiments. Furthermore, we used UPLC-QqQ/MS to detect the changes in amino acid content of DR zebrafish tissues after administration of FXT and its compatible formula to analyze the effects of FXT and its compatible formula on amino acid metabolites. The results showed that the final compatibility ratios of the components were 8: 5: 1: 6.6 by comprehensive evaluation of the indicators. FXT and its compatibility formula had beneficial effects on retinal vasodilatation, lipid accumulation in the liver, total glucose, and VEGF levels in DR zebrafish, and all of them could call back some amino acid levels in DR zebrafish. In this research, we determined the compatible formulation of the active ingredients in the FXT and investigated their efficacy in DR zebrafish for further clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China; Beijing Key Lab for Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ziqiang Yin
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Mingshuang Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Hongqian Kui
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Zhenshuang Yuan
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yue Tian
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Chuanxin Liu
- Luoyang Key Laboratory of Clinical Multiomics and Translational Medicine, Henan Key Laboratory of Rare Diseases, Endocrinology and Metabolism Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China, 471003.
| | - Jianmei Huang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
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Maqsood KM, Pahawani R, Avinash FNU, Shabbir MR, Basham MA, Khalid A, Balkhi F, Khalid D, Jahangir M. Association Between Levels of Pre-operative Glycosylated Hemoglobin and Post-operative Surgical Site Infections After Elective Surgery in a Low-Income Country. Cureus 2022; 14:e27397. [PMID: 36060332 PMCID: PMC9418640 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.27397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Diabetic patients undergoing surgery are more susceptible to hospital-acquired infection, particularly surgical site infection (SSI). Good glycemic control in preoperative patients significantly decreases the risk of SSI. There is a scarcity of data from low-income countries studying the relation between perioperative glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels and postoperative SSI. We aim to establish statistical relation between HbA1c and SSI which will help decrease post-operative infections and morbidity. Methods: This study was conducted in the surgical unit of Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan, from August 2020 to April 2022. Patients who underwent elective surgical procedures (n= 1024) were included in the study and divided into two groups based on their HbA1c levels. Patients with HbA1c levels higher than 6.5% were classified as group A and those with HbA1c less than 6.5% belonged to group B. For statistical analysis, IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 24.0 (Released 2016; IBM Corp., Armonk, New York, United States) was used. Results: Group A comprised 579 (56.5%) patients. The presence of SSI in participants with HbA1c >6.5% was statistically significant (p-value: 0.011). Genderwise comparison with the presence of SSI was found to be insignificant (p-value: 0.28). Smoking was positively correlated with the absence of SSI. No significance in terms of presence or absence of SSI was found in the comparison of the type of wounds (p-value: 0.25). Conclusion: There is a positive relationship between raised HbA1c levels and the development of SSI. Our study emphasizes the importance of the use of HbA1c levels as a more accurate predictor of glycemic control in pre-operative patients rather than blood glucose levels. It is imperative that surgeons must check HbA1c levels before selecting patients for elective surgeries, especially in low-income countries where the healthcare burden is already huge.
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Paul P, Kaul R, Abdellatif B, Arabi M, Upadhyay R, Saliba R, Sebah M, Chaari A. The Promising Role of Microbiome Therapy on Biomarkers of Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic and Narrative Review. Front Nutr 2022; 9:906243. [PMID: 35711547 PMCID: PMC9197462 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.906243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background One in 10 adults suffer from type 2 diabetes (T2D). The role of the gut microbiome, its homeostasis, and dysbiosis has been investigated with success in the pathogenesis as well as treatment of T2D. There is an increasing volume of literature reporting interventions of pro-, pre-, and synbiotics on T2D patients. Methods Studies investigating the effect of pro-, pre-, and synbiotics on biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress in T2D populations were extracted from databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane from inception to January 2022. Results From an initial screening of 5,984 hits, 47 clinical studies were included. Both statistically significant and non-significant results have been compiled, analyzed, and discussed. We have found various promising pro-, pre-, and synbiotic formulations. Of these, multistrain/multispecies probiotics are found to be more effective than monostrain interventions. Additionally, our findings show resistant dextrin to be the most promising prebiotic, followed closely by inulin and oligosaccharides. Finally, we report that synbiotics have shown excellent effect on markers of oxidative stress and antioxidant enzymes. We further discuss the role of metabolites in the resulting effects in biomarkers and ultimately pathogenesis of T2D, bring attention toward the ability of such nutraceuticals to have significant role in COVID-19 therapy, and finally discuss few ongoing clinical trials and prospects. Conclusion Current literature of pro-, pre- and synbiotic administration for T2D therapy is promising and shows many significant results with respect to most markers of inflammation and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradipta Paul
- Division of Medical Education, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ridhima Kaul
- Division of Medical Education, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Basma Abdellatif
- Division of Medical Education, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Maryam Arabi
- Division of Premedical Education, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Rohit Upadhyay
- Department of Medicine—Nephrology and Hypertension, Tulane University, School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Reya Saliba
- Distributed eLibrary, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Majda Sebah
- Division of Premedical Education, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ali Chaari
- Division of Premedical Education, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
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Breyton AE, Lambert-Porcheron S, Laville M, Vinoy S, Nazare JA. CGMS and Glycemic Variability, Relevance in Clinical Research to Evaluate Interventions in T2D, a Literature Review. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:666008. [PMID: 34566883 PMCID: PMC8458933 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.666008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycemic variability (GV) appears today as an integral component of glucose homeostasis for the management of type 2 diabetes (T2D). This review aims at investigating the use and relevance of GV parameters in interventional and observational studies for glucose control management in T2D. It will first focus on the relationships between GV parameters measured by continuous glucose monitoring system (CGMS) and glycemic control and T2D-associated complications markers. The second part will be dedicated to the analysis of GV parameters from CGMS as outcomes in interventional studies (pharmacological, nutritional, physical activity) aimed at improving glycemic control in patients with T2D. From 243 articles first identified, 63 articles were included (27 for the first part and 38 for the second part). For both analyses, the majority of the identified studies were pharmacological. Lifestyle studies (including nutritional and physical activity-based studies, N-AP) were poorly represented. Concerning the relationships of GV parameters with those for glycemic control and T2D related-complications, the standard deviation (SD), the coefficient of variation (CV), the mean blood glucose (MBG), and the mean amplitude of the glycemic excursions (MAGEs) were the most studied, showing strong relationships, in particular with HbA1c. Regarding the use and relevance of GV as an outcome in interventional studies, in pharmacological ones, SD, MAGE, MBG, and time in range (TIR) were the GV parameters used as main criteria in most studies, showing significant improvement after intervention, in parallel or not with glycemic control parameters' (HbA1c, FBG, and PPBG) improvement. In N-AP studies, the same results were observed for SD, MAGE, and TIR. Despite the small number of N-AP studies addressing both GV and glycemic control parameters compared to pharmacological ones, N-AP studies have shown promising results on GV parameters and would require more in-depth work. Evaluating CGMS-GV parameters as outcomes in interventional studies may provide a more integrative dimension of glucose control than the standard postprandial follow-up. GV appears to be a key component of T2D dysglycemia, and some parameters such as MAGE, SD, or TIR could be used routinely in addition to classical markers of glycemic control such as HbA1c, fasting, or postprandial glycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Esther Breyton
- Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Rhône-Alpes, Univ-Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM, INRA, INSA Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Hospices Civils de Lyon, F-CRIN/FORCE Network, Pierre Bénite, France
- Nutrition Research, Mondelez International, Saclay, France
| | - Stéphanie Lambert-Porcheron
- Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Rhône-Alpes, Univ-Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM, INRA, INSA Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Hospices Civils de Lyon, F-CRIN/FORCE Network, Pierre Bénite, France
- Department of Endocrinology Diabetes and Nutrition, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pierre Bénite, France
| | - Martine Laville
- Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Rhône-Alpes, Univ-Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM, INRA, INSA Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Hospices Civils de Lyon, F-CRIN/FORCE Network, Pierre Bénite, France
- Department of Endocrinology Diabetes and Nutrition, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pierre Bénite, France
| | - Sophie Vinoy
- Nutrition Research, Mondelez International, Saclay, France
| | - Julie-Anne Nazare
- Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Rhône-Alpes, Univ-Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM, INRA, INSA Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Hospices Civils de Lyon, F-CRIN/FORCE Network, Pierre Bénite, France
- *Correspondence: Julie-Anne Nazare,
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Kim JA, Kim J, Roh E, Hong SH, Lee YB, Baik SH, Choi KM, Noh E, Hwang SY, Cho GJ, Yoo HJ. Association of fasting plasma glucose variability with gestational diabetes mellitus: a nationwide population-based cohort study. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 2020; 8:8/1/e001084. [PMID: 32327443 PMCID: PMC7202745 DOI: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2019-001084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Long-term glycemic variability has recently been recognized as another risk factor for future adverse health outcomes. We aimed to evaluate the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) according to the prepregnancy long-term fasting plasma glucose (FPG) variability. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A total of 164 053 women who delivered their first baby between January 1, 2012 and December 31, 2015, were selected from the Korean National Health Insurance data. All women underwent at least three national health screening examinations, and the last examination should be conducted within 2 years before their first delivery. GDM was defined as the presence of more than four times of claim of GDM (International Classification of Disease, 10th Revision (ICD-10) O24.4 and O24.9) or prescription of insulin under the ICD-code of GDM. FPG variability was assessed by variability independent of the mean (FPG-VIM), coefficient of variation, SD, and average successive variability. RESULTS Among the 164 053 women, GDM developed in 6627 (4.04%). Those in the higher quartiles of FPG-VIM showed a stepwise increased risk of GDM. In fully adjusted model, the ORs for GDM was 1.22 (95% CI 1.14 to 1.31) in women with the highest FPG-VIM quartile compared with those in the lowest quartile. The risk for GDM requiring insulin therapy was 48% increase in women in the highest quartile of FPG-VIM compared with those in the lowest quartile, while that for GDM not requiring insulin therapy was 19% increase. The association between high FPG variability and the risk of GDM was intensified in the obese and aged more than 35 years women. CONCLUSIONS Increased FPG variability in the prepregnancy state is associated with the risk of GDM independent of confounding factors. Therefore, prepregnancy FPG variability might be a surrogate marker of the risk of GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung A Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinsil Kim
- Smart Healthcare Cancer, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Roh
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Hyeon Hong
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - You-Bin Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sei Hyun Baik
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Mook Choi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunjin Noh
- Smart Healthcare Cancer, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon Young Hwang
- Smart Healthcare Cancer, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Geum Joon Cho
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jin Yoo
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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He L, Zhang G, Wei M, Zhao Y, Chen W, Peng Q, Meng G. Effect of Individualized Dietary Intervention on Oxidative Stress in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Complicated by Tuberculosis in Xinjiang, China. Diabetes Ther 2019; 10:2095-2105. [PMID: 31538317 PMCID: PMC6848526 DOI: 10.1007/s13300-019-00691-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study aimed to examine the effect of individual dietary intervention on nutrition and oxidative stress of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) complicated by pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) in Xinjiang. METHODS A total of 164 patients with T2DM and PTB from January 2018 to December 2018 in the Chest Hospital of Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region were included. According to the random number table method, the patients were divided into an experimental group (n = 82) and control group (n = 82). The original treatments of PTB and T2DM were maintained. The control group was treated with a self-controlled diet, while the experimental group was treated with an individual quantitative dietary intervention. All patients included in our study were closely followed up for 3 months and the serum levels of variables related to nutrition, oxidative stress, and blood glucose were measured to compare each patient's nutritional and oxidative stress after the intervention. Proportions of patients with sputum testing positive for bacteria before and after the intervention were also recorded and compared between the two groups. RESULTS There were no significant differences between the two groups with regard to age, sex, labor intensity, marital status, course and treatment of diabetes, and proportion of patients with sputum positive for bacteria before the intervention (P > 0.05). There were statistically significant differences between the two groups in variables to related nutrition and oxidative stress, especially SOD which was increased by 13.2% in the experimental group and 2.5% in the control group after intervention (P < 0.05). The proportion of patients with sputum positive for bacteria in the experimental group was significantly lower than that in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION A combination of individual quantitative dietary interventions can improve the nutritional status of patients with T2DM-PTB and adjust the oxidative stress. This method provides a theoretical basis for a reasonable diet in patients with T2DM-PTB. TRIAL REGISTRATION ChiCTR900025477 (Retrospectively registered).
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyun He
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830000, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoming Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830000, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Wei
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830000, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanjun Zhao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830000, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Weixing Chen
- Chest Hospital of Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, 830000, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiaojun Peng
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830000, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China.
| | - Guiyun Meng
- Chest Hospital of Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, 830000, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China.
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Hsieh CJ. High Glucose Variability Increases 30-Day Readmission Rates in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Hospitalized in Department of Surgery. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14240. [PMID: 31578446 PMCID: PMC6775142 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50751-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucose variability is common among hospitalized patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). I investigated to assess the variability of glucose in patients with type 2 DM accounts for in-hospital readmission rates in department of Surgery. I retrospectively analyzed 206 patients with type 2 DM, who was admitted to our hospital for surgical interventions and re-admitted within 30 days after discharge. I also enrolled 610 age, sex and diabetic duration matched patients with type 2 DM, as control. Outcomes measure included average and standard deviation (SD) of blood glucose during admission, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), lipid profile, renal function, length of stay (LOS). Patients who had re-admission within 30 days after discharge had higher SD of blood glucose levels than control (84.7 ± 53.5 mg/dL vs. 46.2 ± 42.8 mg/dL, p < 0.001) but not average of blood glucose levels. Comparing to control group, the study group also had higher HbA1c (8.4 ± 1.3% vs. 7.7 ± 1.1%, p = 0.015) and LOS (8.5 ± 2.5 days vs 7.0 ± 1.5 days, p = 0.020). The independent predictors of 30-day readmission rates were SD of blood glucose during admission and HbA1c (hazard ratio: 1.680, 1.493; p value < 0.001, 0.008, respectively). Decreasing glucose variability during admission for surgery is important for patients with type 2 DM to decreasing re-admission rates and LOS. HBA1c may also identify patients at higher risk of postoperative complications and possibility of re-admission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching Jung Hsieh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pao Chien Hospital, Ping Tung, Taiwan, ROC. .,Department of Nursing, College of Health and Nursing, Mei Ho University, Ping Tung, Taiwan.
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Liu Z, Wang Q, Wang H, Su W, Dong S. A chloroacetate based ratiometric fluorescent probe for cysteine detection in biosystems. Tetrahedron Lett 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2019.151218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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10
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Chemistry, Biological, and Pharmacological Properties of Gum Arabic. BIOACTIVE MOLECULES IN FOOD 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-78030-6_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Intensive insulin therapy increases glutathione synthesis rate in surgical ICU patients with stress hyperglycemia. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0190291. [PMID: 29300728 PMCID: PMC5754081 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0190291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The glutathione system plays an essential role in antioxidant defense after surgery. We assessed the effects of intensive insulin treatment (IIT) on glutathione synthesis rate and redox balance in cancer patients, who had developed stress hyperglycemia after major surgery. Methods We evaluated 10 non-diabetic cancer patients the day after radical abdominal surgery combined with intra-operative radiation therapy. In each patient, a 24-hr period of IIT, aimed at tight euglycemic control, was preceded, or followed, by a 24-hr period of conventional insulin treatment (CIT) (control regimen). Insulin was administered for 24 hours, during total parenteral nutrition, at a dosage to maintain a moderate hyperglycemia in CIT, and normoglycemic blood glucose levels in IIT (9.3±0.5 vs 6.5±0.3 mmol/L respectively, P<0.001; coefficient of variation, 9.7±1.4 and 10.5±1.1%, P = 0.43). No hypoglycemia (i.e., blood glucose < 3.9 mmol/L) was observed in any of the patients. Insulin treatments were performed on the first and second day after surgery, in randomized order, according to a crossover experimental design. Plasma concentrations of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and erythrocyte glutathione synthesis rates (EGSR), measured by primed-constant infusion of L-[2H2]cysteine, were assessed at the end of each 24-hr period of either IIT or CIT. Results Compared to CIT, IIT was associated with higher EGSR (2.70±0.51 versus 1.18±0.29 mmol/L/day, p = 0.01) and lower (p = 0.04) plasma TBARS concentrations (2.2±0.2 versus 2.9±0.4 nmol/L). Conclusions In patients developing stress hyperglycemia after major surgery, IIT, in absence of hypoglycemia, stimulates erythrocyte glutathione synthesis, while decreasing oxidative stress.
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Kocot J, Dziemidok P, Kiełczykowska M, Hordyjewska A, Szcześniak G, Musik I. Adipokine Profile in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Depends on Degree of Obesity. Med Sci Monit 2017; 23:4995-5004. [PMID: 29049270 PMCID: PMC5659140 DOI: 10.12659/msm.904318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The fast pace of life, promoting fast food consumption and low physical activity, has resulted in obesity and/or diabetes as being serious social problems. The aim of the present study was to evaluate concentrations of selected adipokines (leptin, adiponectin, resistin, and visfatin) and to assess the leptin/adiponectin ratio in plasma of type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients in relation to degree of obesity. Material/Methods The study comprised 92 T2D subjects divided into 4 groups according to BMI value – I (normal body weight), II (overweight), III (obesity), and IV (severe obesity) – and 20 healthy volunteers (control group). Each group was divided into male and female subgroups. Plasma concentrations of adipokines were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results In women, leptin concentration was significantly higher in group IV, whereas in men it was higher in groups III and IV than in the control group and groups I and II. Irrespective of sex, a significant decrease in adiponectin level was observed in group III vs. control. There was no significant difference in resistin levels. In women visfatin was markedly enhanced in group III, whereas in men in groups II, III and IV vs. control. Leptin/adiponectin ratio was increased in groups III and IV vs. control in women, whereas in men vs. both control and group I. Conclusions The obese type 2 diabetic patients presented a disturbed adipokine profile, which seems to be an important link between obesity and T2D. The future studies concerning the question if regulating of adipokines’ concentrations could be a promising approach for managing metabolic disorders seem to be well-grounded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Kocot
- Chair and Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Piotr Dziemidok
- Institute of Public Health, Pope John Paul II State School of Higher Education, Biała Podlaska, Poland
| | | | - Anna Hordyjewska
- Chair and Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | | | - Irena Musik
- Chair and Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
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Shen ZZ, Huang YY, Hsieh CJ. Early short-term intensive multidisciplinary diabetes care: A ten-year follow-up of outcomes. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2017; 130:133-141. [PMID: 28618325 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2017.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Revised: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the outcome of an early short-term intensive diabetic care program followed by a regular out-patient shared-care education program. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed the medical charts of 196 patients newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) who were admitted to the hospital for intensive multidisciplinary interventions. For comparison, we also enrolled 206 patients with type 2 DM newly diagnosed but not receiving short-term intensive program. Both groups all attended an out-patient shared-care education program for more than one year. Outcome measure included average and standard deviation (SD) of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) over ten years, serum creatinine (Cr), lipid profile, urine albumin/Cr (UACR), and chronic diabetic complications after 10years later. The Kaplan-Meier event happening rates were used to compare the event rate of two samples. Multivariate Cox proportional-hazards models were used to investigate the influence of different variables on chronic complications. RESULTS Patients who received short-term intensive diabetic education had less SD of HbA1cs: (0.7±0.7% vs. 1.0±0.8% (5.3±5.3mmol/mol vs 9.2±6.4mmol/mol), p<0.001), less new-onset coronary heart disease (CHD) (8.2% vs. 13.7%, p=0.005), lower serum Cr (1.4±0.7mg/dL vs. 1.5±0.9mg/dL, p=0.005), less progression of nephropathy was also revealed (13.5% vs. 21.2%, p=0.009) and lower UACR (4.7±1.4mg/g vs. 5.3±1.0mg/g, p<0.001). There were no group differences in age, gender distribution, average HbA1c, lipid profile, and new-onset of neuropathy and retinopathy. The independent predictors of CHD and nephropathy were short-term intensive diabetic education and SD of HbA1cs. CONCLUSION Initiation of earlier intensive short-term multidisciplinary interventions in patients with newly diagnosed DM may decrease coronary heart disease and nephropathy. These better outcomes may be related to less fluctuation in blood glucose levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Zhi Shen
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yu Yao Huang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ching Jung Hsieh
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Paochien Hospital, Ping Tung, Taiwan.
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Tai H, Wang MY, Zhao YP, Li LB, Dong QY, Liu XG, Kuang JS. The effect of alogliptin on pulmonary function in obese patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled by metformin monotherapy. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95:e4541. [PMID: 27537577 PMCID: PMC5370803 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000004541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To observe the effect of alogliptin combined with metformin on pulmonary function in obese patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled by metformin monotherapy (500 mg, bid po, for at least 3 months), and evaluate its efficacy and safety. METHODS After a 2-week screening period, adult patients (aged 36-72 years) entered a 4-week run-in/stabilization period. Then, patients were randomly assigned to either the intervention group (n = 55) or the control group (n = 50) for 26 weeks. The patients in the control group were given metformin (1000 mg, bid po) and the patients in the intervention group were given metformin (500 mg, bid po) combined with alogliptin (25 mg, qd po). All the patients received counseling about diet and exercise from a nutritionist during run-in and treatment periods.The primary endpoints were the between-group differences in the changes in pulmonary function parameters (vital capacity [VC]%, forced vital capacity [FVC]%, forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1)%, peak expiratory force [PEF]%, maximal voluntary ventilation [MVV]%, total lung capacity [TLC%], forced expiratory volume in 1 second/forced vital capacity [FEV1/FVC%], diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide of lung [DLCO]%, and diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide of lung/unit volume [DLCO/VA%]) between pretherapy and posttreatment. The secondary endpoints were changes from baseline to week 26 in glycosylated hemoglobinA1c (HbA1c), FPG, 2hPG, homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), waist circumference (WC), and BMI. The tertiary endpoints were the changes from baseline to week 26 in blood-fat (total cholesterol [TC], high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-C], low-density lipoprotein cholesterol [LDL-C], and triglycerides [TG]). The quartus endpoints were the changes from baseline to week 26 in systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP). The 5th endpoints were the changes from baseline to week 26 in oxidative/antioxidative parameters (reactive oxygen species [ROS], malondialdehyde [MDA], superioxide dismutase [SOD], and glutathione peroxidase [GSH-Px]). In addition, safety endpoints were assessed (AEs, clinical laboratory tests, vital signs, and electrocardiographic readings). RESULTS Eighty-one patients completed our clinical trial: intervention group (n = 44) and control group (n = 37). At week 26, pulmonary function parameters (VC%, FVC%, FEV1%, PEF%, MVV%, TLC%, FEV1/FVC%, DLCO%, and DLCO/VA%) had increased significantly from pretherapy values in both groups (P < 0.05), and the pulmonary function tests were significantly greater (P < 0.05) in intervention group than in controls posttherapy. Pulmonary function (FVC%, FEV1%, PEF%, TLC%, FEV1/FVC%, DLCO%, and DLCO/VA%) was lower in the group with HbA1c levels ≥8.0 at 26 weeks, but VC%, FEV1%, MVV%, and TLC% were not significantly lower (P > 0.05). Pulmonary function parameters were positively correlated with GSH-Px and SOD and negatively correlated with ROS and MDA. Mean declines in HbA1c, FPG, 2hPG, HOMA-IR, and blood-fat (TC, HDL-C, LDL-C, and TG) were significantly greater (P < 0.05) in intervention group compared with the controls, but mean declines in BMI, WC, and BP (SBP, DBP) did not differ significantly between the 2 groups (P > 0.05). SOD and GSH-Px increased more (P < 0.05) in the intervention group, compared with the controls; ROS and MDA declined more (P < 0.05) in intervention group, as compared with the control group. The most common AEs were gastrointestinal events, headaches, skin-related AEs (mostly pruritic events), and hypoglycemia. The incidences of AEs did not differ significantly (P > 0.05) between the 2 groups except for the headache and skin-related adverse events (the incidence of headache was higher in the intervention group than in controls; P < 0.05). No patient died during the study. CONCLUSION In patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) inadequately controlled by metformin monotherapy, the addition of alogliptin contributed to clinically significant increases in pulmonary function through regulating glycemia and improving the imbalance of the oxidative-related substances in the serum, without increasing the incidence of hypoglycemia, dyslipidemia, dysarteriotony, and any notable increase in body weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Tai
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic, Liaoning Provincial Corps Hospital of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces
| | - Ming-Yue Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic, Liaoning Provincial Corps Hospital of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces
| | - Yue-Ping Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic, Liaoning Provincial Corps Hospital of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces
| | - Ling-Bing Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic, Liaoning Provincial Corps Hospital of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Shenyang
| | - Qian-Yan Dong
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic, Shenyang the Fourth Hospital of People, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xin-Guang Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic, Shenyang the Fourth Hospital of People, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Jin-Song Kuang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic, Shenyang the Fourth Hospital of People, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- Correspondence: Jin-Song Kuang, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic, Shenyang the Fourth Hospital of People, No.20 Huanghe Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110031, China (e-mail: )
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Ahmed AA, Fedail JS, Musa HH, Kamboh AA, Sifaldin AZ, Musa TH. Gum Arabic extracts protect against hepatic oxidative stress in alloxan induced diabetes in rats. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 2015; 22:189-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pathophys.2015.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2015] [Revised: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
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Farabi SS, Carley DW, Smith D, Quinn L. Impact of exercise on diurnal and nocturnal markers of glycaemic variability and oxidative stress in obese individuals with type 2 diabetes or impaired glucose tolerance. Diab Vasc Dis Res 2015; 12:381-5. [PMID: 25994591 DOI: 10.1177/1479164115579003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We measured the effects of a single bout of exercise on diurnal and nocturnal oxidative stress and glycaemic variability in obese subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus or impaired glucose tolerance versus obese healthy controls. METHODS Subjects (in random order) performed either a single 30-min bout of moderate-intensity exercise or remained sedentary for 30 min at two separate visits. To quantify glycaemic variability, standard deviation of glucose (measured by continuous glucose monitoring system) and continuous overlapping net glycaemic action of 1-h intervals (CONGA-1) were calculated for three 12-h intervals during each visit. Oxidative stress was measured by 15-isoprostane F(2t) levels in urine collections for matching 12-h intervals. RESULTS Exercise reduced daytime glycaemic variability (ΔCONGA-1 = -12.62 ± 5.31 mg/dL, p = 0.04) and urinary isoprostanes (ΔCONGA-1 = -0.26 ± 0.12 ng/mg, p = 0.04) in the type 2 diabetes mellitus/impaired glucose tolerance group. Daytime exercise-induced change in urinary 15-isoprostane F(2t) was significantly correlated with both daytime standard deviation (r = 0.68, p = 0.03) and with subsequent overnight standard deviation (r = 0.73, p = 0.027) in the type 2 diabetes mellitus/impaired glucose tolerance group. CONCLUSION Exercise significantly impacts the relationship between diurnal oxidative stress and nocturnal glycaemic variability in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus/impaired glucose tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah S Farabi
- Center for Narcolepsy, Sleep and Health Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA Department of Biobehavioral Health Science, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - David W Carley
- Center for Narcolepsy, Sleep and Health Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA Department of Biobehavioral Health Science, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Lauretta Quinn
- Department of Biobehavioral Health Science, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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Isokawa M, Kanamori T, Funatsu T, Tsunoda M. Analytical methods involving separation techniques for determination of low-molecular-weight biothiols in human plasma and blood. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2014; 964:103-15. [PMID: 24556466 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.12.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2013] [Revised: 12/31/2013] [Accepted: 12/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Low-molecular-weight biothiols such as homocysteine, cysteine, and glutathione are metabolites of the sulfur cycle and play important roles in biological processes such as the antioxidant defense network, methionine cycle, and protein synthesis. Thiol concentrations in human plasma and blood are related to diseases such as cardiovascular disease, neurodegenerative disease, and cancer. The concentrations of homocysteine, cysteine, and glutathione in plasma samples from healthy human subjects are approximately in the range of 5-15, 200-300, and 1-5 μM, respectively. Glutathione concentration in the whole blood is in the millimolar range. Measurement of biothiol levels in plasma and blood is thought to be important for understanding the physiological roles and biomarkers for certain diseases. This review summarizes the relationship of biothiols with certain disease as well as pre-analytical treatment and analytical methods for determination of biothiols in human plasma and blood by using high-performance liquid chromatography and capillary electrophoresis coupled with ultraviolet, fluorescence, or chemiluminescence detection; or mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muneki Isokawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Kanamori
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Funatsu
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Tsunoda
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
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Markers of Oxidative Stress during Diabetes Mellitus. J Biomark 2013; 2013:378790. [PMID: 26317014 PMCID: PMC4437365 DOI: 10.1155/2013/378790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 408] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2013] [Accepted: 11/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of diabetes mellitus is rising all over the world. Uncontrolled state of hyperglycemia due to defects in insulin secretion/action leads to a variety of complications including peripheral vascular diseases, nephropathy, neuropathy, retinopathy, morbidity, and/or mortality. Large body of evidence suggests major role of reactive oxygen species/oxidative stress in development and progression of diabetic complications. In the present paper, we have discussed the recent researches on the biomarkers of oxidative stress during type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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