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Yamanaka R, Usui M, Kobayashi K, Onizuka S, Kasai S, Sano K, Hironaka S, Yamasaki R, Yoshii S, Sato T, Fujii W, Iwasaki M, Ariyoshi W, Nakashima K, Nishihara T. Evaluation of a Novel Immunochromatographic Device for Detecting Porphyromonas gingivalis in Patients with Periodontal Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8187. [PMID: 39125757 PMCID: PMC11311996 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25158187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Porphyromonas gingivalis is the most pathogenic periodontal bacterium in the world. Recently, P. gingivalis has been considered responsible for dysbiosis during the development of periodontitis. This study aimed to evaluate a novel immunochromatographic device using monoclonal antibodies against P. gingivalis in subgingival plaques. A total of 72 patients with chronic periodontitis and 53 periodontally healthy volunteers underwent clinical and microbiological examinations. Subgingival plaque samples were analyzed for the presence of P. gingivalis and compared using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). In the periodontitis group, a significant positive correlation was observed between the test device scores and the real-time PCR results. The specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy of the test device for P. gingivalis, as determined by real-time PCR, were 98%, 94%, 89%, and 90%, respectively. There were significant differences in bacterial counts by real-time PCR among the groups with different ranges of device scores. Additionally, there was a significant positive correlation between the device scores for P. gingivalis and periodontal parameters. These results suggest that this novel immunochromatographic device can be effectively used for rapid detection and semi-quantification of P. gingivalis in subgingival plaques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rieko Yamanaka
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Function, Kyushu Dental University, 2-6-1 Manazuru, Kokurakita-ku, Kitakyushu 803-8580, Fukuoka, Japan; (R.Y.); (S.O.); (S.K.); (K.S.); (S.H.); (K.N.)
| | - Michihiko Usui
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Function, Kyushu Dental University, 2-6-1 Manazuru, Kokurakita-ku, Kitakyushu 803-8580, Fukuoka, Japan; (R.Y.); (S.O.); (S.K.); (K.S.); (S.H.); (K.N.)
| | - Kaoru Kobayashi
- Division of Infections and Molecular Biology, Department of Health Promotion, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu 803-8580, Fukuoka, Japan; (K.K.); (R.Y.); (W.A.); (T.N.)
| | - Satoru Onizuka
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Function, Kyushu Dental University, 2-6-1 Manazuru, Kokurakita-ku, Kitakyushu 803-8580, Fukuoka, Japan; (R.Y.); (S.O.); (S.K.); (K.S.); (S.H.); (K.N.)
| | - Shingo Kasai
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Function, Kyushu Dental University, 2-6-1 Manazuru, Kokurakita-ku, Kitakyushu 803-8580, Fukuoka, Japan; (R.Y.); (S.O.); (S.K.); (K.S.); (S.H.); (K.N.)
| | - Kotaro Sano
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Function, Kyushu Dental University, 2-6-1 Manazuru, Kokurakita-ku, Kitakyushu 803-8580, Fukuoka, Japan; (R.Y.); (S.O.); (S.K.); (K.S.); (S.H.); (K.N.)
| | - Shou Hironaka
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Function, Kyushu Dental University, 2-6-1 Manazuru, Kokurakita-ku, Kitakyushu 803-8580, Fukuoka, Japan; (R.Y.); (S.O.); (S.K.); (K.S.); (S.H.); (K.N.)
| | - Ryota Yamasaki
- Division of Infections and Molecular Biology, Department of Health Promotion, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu 803-8580, Fukuoka, Japan; (K.K.); (R.Y.); (W.A.); (T.N.)
| | - Shinji Yoshii
- Division of Promoting Learning Design Education, Department of Physical Function, Kyushu Dental University, 2-6-1 Manazuru, Kokurakita-ku, Kitakyushu 803-8580, Fukuoka, Japan;
| | - Tsuyoshi Sato
- School of Oral Health Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Kyushu Dental University, 2-6-1 Manazuru, Kokurakita-ku, Kitakyushu 803-8580, Fukuoka, Japan; (T.S.); (W.F.)
| | - Wataru Fujii
- School of Oral Health Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Kyushu Dental University, 2-6-1 Manazuru, Kokurakita-ku, Kitakyushu 803-8580, Fukuoka, Japan; (T.S.); (W.F.)
| | - Masanori Iwasaki
- Division of Preventive Dentistry, Department of Oral Health Science, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 13, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8586, Hokkaido, Japan;
| | - Wataru Ariyoshi
- Division of Infections and Molecular Biology, Department of Health Promotion, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu 803-8580, Fukuoka, Japan; (K.K.); (R.Y.); (W.A.); (T.N.)
| | - Keisuke Nakashima
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Function, Kyushu Dental University, 2-6-1 Manazuru, Kokurakita-ku, Kitakyushu 803-8580, Fukuoka, Japan; (R.Y.); (S.O.); (S.K.); (K.S.); (S.H.); (K.N.)
| | - Tatsuji Nishihara
- Division of Infections and Molecular Biology, Department of Health Promotion, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu 803-8580, Fukuoka, Japan; (K.K.); (R.Y.); (W.A.); (T.N.)
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Kuret S, Kalajzic N, Ruzdjak M, Grahovac B, Jezina Buselic MA, Sardelić S, Delic A, Susak L, Sutlovic D. Real-Time PCR Method as Diagnostic Tool for Detection of Periodontal Pathogens in Patients with Periodontitis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5097. [PMID: 38791137 PMCID: PMC11121222 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The most common type of periodontal disease is chronic periodontitis, an inflammatory condition caused by pathogenic bacteria in subgingival plaque. The aim of our study was the development of a real-time PCR test as a diagnostic tool for the detection and differentiation of five periodontopathogenic bacteria, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, Prevotella intermedia, and Treponema denticola, in patients with periodontitis. We compared the results of our in-house method with the micro-IDent® semiquantitative commercially available test based on the PCR hybridization method. DNA was isolated from subgingival plaque samples taken from 50 patients and then analyzed by both methods. Comparing the results of the two methods, they show a specificity of 100% for all bacteria. The sensitivity for A. actinomycetemcomitans was 97.5%, for P. gingivalis 96.88%, and for P. intermedia 95.24%. The sensitivity for Tannerella forsythia and T. denticola was 100%. The Spearman correlation factor of two different measurements was 0.976 for A. actinomycetemcomitans, 0.967 for P. gingivalis, 0.949 for P. intermedia, 0.966 for Tannerella forsythia, and 0.917 for T. denticola. In conclusion, the in-house real-time PCR method developed in our laboratory can provide information about relative amount of five bacterial species present in subgingival plaque in patients with periodontitis. It is likely that such a test could be used in dental diagnostics in assessing the efficacy of any treatment to reduce the bacterial burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sendi Kuret
- Department of Health Studies, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia;
| | - Nina Kalajzic
- Department of Health Studies, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia;
| | - Matija Ruzdjak
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Science, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | | | | | - Sanda Sardelić
- Department of Microbiology, University Hospital Centre Split, 21000 Split, Croatia;
| | - Anja Delic
- Polyclinic Analysis, 21000 Split, Croatia; (A.D.); (L.S.)
| | - Lana Susak
- Polyclinic Analysis, 21000 Split, Croatia; (A.D.); (L.S.)
| | - Davorka Sutlovic
- Department of Health Studies, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia;
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacogenetics, School of Medicine, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
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Laugisch O, Auschill TM, Tumbrink A, Sculean A, Arweiler NB. Influence of Anti-Infective Periodontal Therapy on Subgingival Microbiota Evaluated by Chair-Side Test Compared to qPCR—A Clinical Follow-Up Study. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11050577. [PMID: 35625221 PMCID: PMC9137526 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11050577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
A chair-side test (CST) for five periodontal pathogens (Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, A.a.; Porphyromonas gingivalis, P.g.; Prevotella intermedia, P.i.; Treponema denticola, T.d.; Tannerella forsythia, T.f.) was compared with qPCR in a previous clinical study on 100 periodontitis patients at first diagnosis (T0). Following non-surgical treatment alone (SRP) or in combination with systemic or local antibiotics, 74 patients (57.4 ± 13.5 years) were again tested at the same sites from 14 to 24 months after T0. Bacterial elimination (%; compared to T0) was determined for each single species and compared between both test systems. In all patients, all five pathogens could not be fully eliminated regardless of therapy or test method. Tested with CST, the mean elimination ranged from 90% for SRP + Amoxicillin/Metronidazole to 59.13% for SRP only. The corresponding qPCR values were 30% and 29.6%. Only A.a. was eradicated in 100% by SRP + Amoxicillin/Metronidazole tested by CST, and it was 80% when qPCR was the test method. CST agreed with qPCR in 98.7% in the detection of A.a., and 74.3%, 78.4%, 73.0%, and 48.7% for P.g., P.i., T.d., and T.f., respectively. Neither conventional treatment nor the additional use of antibiotics—even with the correct indication—could completely eradicate the tested pathogens or prevent pocket reinfection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Laugisch
- Department of Periodontology and Peri-Implant Diseases, Philipps-University, 35039 Marburg, Germany; (O.L.); (T.M.A.); (A.T.)
| | - Thorsten M. Auschill
- Department of Periodontology and Peri-Implant Diseases, Philipps-University, 35039 Marburg, Germany; (O.L.); (T.M.A.); (A.T.)
| | - Anne Tumbrink
- Department of Periodontology and Peri-Implant Diseases, Philipps-University, 35039 Marburg, Germany; (O.L.); (T.M.A.); (A.T.)
- Private Practice, 48324 Sendenhorst, Germany
| | - Anton Sculean
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland;
| | - Nicole B. Arweiler
- Department of Periodontology and Peri-Implant Diseases, Philipps-University, 35039 Marburg, Germany; (O.L.); (T.M.A.); (A.T.)
- Correspondence:
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Périchon B, Lichtl-Häfele J, Bergsten E, Delage V, Trieu-Cuot P, Sansonetti P, Sobhani I, Dramsi S. Detection of Streptococcus gallolyticus and Four Other CRC-Associated Bacteria in Patient Stools Reveals a Potential "Driver" Role for Enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:794391. [PMID: 35360109 PMCID: PMC8963412 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.794391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Streptococcus gallolyticus subspecies gallolyticus (SGG) is an opportunistic pathogen causing invasive infections in the elderly often associated with colon neoplasia. The prevalence of SGG in the stools of patients with normal colonoscopy (control) was compared with patients with colorectal adenomas (CRA) or with carcinomas (CRC) from stages I to IV. The presence of the pks island encoding colibactin as well as other CRC-associated bacteria such as toxicogenic Bacteroides fragilis, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Parvimonas micra was also investigated. Patients and Methods Fecal samples collected in France between 2011 and 2016 from patients with normal colonoscopy (n = 25), adenoma (n = 23), or colorectal cancer at different stages (n = 81) were tested by PCR for the presence of SGG, B. fragilis, F. nucleatum, P. micra, and the pks island. Relative quantification of SGG, F. nucleatum, and P. micra in stools was performed by qPCR. Results SGG prevalence was significantly increased in the CRC group. Our results also revealed i) a strong and significant increase of toxinogenic B. fragilis in patients with early-stage adenoma and of pks island at late-stage CRC and ii) increased levels of F. nucleatum and P. micra in the stools of CRC patients. Furthermore, the simultaneous detection of these five bacterial markers was only found in CRC patients. Conclusions Our results indicate that the prevalence or relative levels of CRC-associated bacteria vary during CRC development. Among them, B. fragilis (bft+) was singled out as the sole pathobiont detected at the early adenoma stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Périchon
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Biologie des Bactéries Pathogènes à Gram-Positif, Paris, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR6047, Paris, France
| | - Julian Lichtl-Häfele
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Biologie des Bactéries Pathogènes à Gram-Positif, Paris, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR6047, Paris, France
| | - Emma Bergsten
- Service de Gastroentérologie, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Créteil, France
| | - Vincent Delage
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Biologie des Bactéries Pathogènes à Gram-Positif, Paris, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR6047, Paris, France
| | - Patrick Trieu-Cuot
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Biologie des Bactéries Pathogènes à Gram-Positif, Paris, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR6047, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Sansonetti
- Molecular Microbial Pathogenesis Unit, Institut Pasteur; Chaire de Microbiologie et Maladies Infectieuses, Collège de France, Paris, France
- The Center for Microbes, Development and Health, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shangaï, China
| | - Iradj Sobhani
- Service de Gastroentérologie, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Créteil, France
| | - Shaynoor Dramsi
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Biologie des Bactéries Pathogènes à Gram-Positif, Paris, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR6047, Paris, France
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Lang KN, Sculean A, Eick S, Stähli A. A novel in vitro periodontal pocket model to evaluate the effect of root surface instrumentation on biofilm-epithelial cell interactions. Clin Oral Investig 2022; 26:4021-4029. [PMID: 35048191 PMCID: PMC9072513 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-022-04371-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objective
To develop a novel in vitro periodontal pocket model for evaluating the effect of two different root surface instrumentation modalities on biofilm-epithelial cell interactions.
Materials and methods
An artificial periodontal pocket model was created using an impression material. Dentin discs were prepared and incubated for 3.5 days with a biofilm consisting of 12 bacterial strains. Then, the discs were inserted into the pocket model and instrumented for 10 s or 10 strokes either with ultrasonics (US) or hand instruments (HI). Subsequently, a glass slide coated with epithelial cells was placed in close vicinity to the discs. After incubation of the pocket model in a 5% CO2 atmosphere for 6 h, residual bacteria of the biofilm as well as bacteria adhering to or invaded into epithelial cells were determined using colony-forming unit (cfu) counts and real-time PCR. Further, as a parameter of the pro-inflammatory cell response, interleukin (IL)-8 expression was determined by ELISA.
Results
Compared to untreated control, HI reduced the cfu counts by 0.63 log10 (not significant) and US by 1.78 log10 (p = 0.005) with a significant difference between the treatment modalities favoring US (p = 0.048). By trend, lower detection levels of Tannerella forsythia were detected in the US group compared to HI. Concerning the interaction with epithelial cells, half of the control and the HI samples showed epithelial cells with attaching or invading bacteria, while US displayed bacteria only in two out of eight samples. In addition, US resulted in significantly lower IL-8 secretion by epithelial cells compared to the untreated control. Between HI and controls, no statistically significant difference in IL-8 secretion was found.
Conclusion
This newly developed in vitro model revealed in terms of biofilm-epithelial cell interaction after root surface instrumentation that compared to hand curettes, ultrasonic instrumentation appeared to be more effective in removing bacterial biofilm and in decreasing the inflammatory response of epithelium to biofilm.
Clinical relevance
Ultrasonic instrumentation might be more advantageous to reduce cellular inflammatory response than hand instruments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiri N. Lang
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Anton Sculean
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sigrun Eick
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Alexandra Stähli
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
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Mohan R, Srirangarajan, Rao RJ, Prabhu S, Rudresh V. Utility of procalcitonin as an early diagnostic marker of bacteremia in individuals with periodontitis Stage II and III. J Periodontol 2020; 92:968-974. [PMID: 33151545 DOI: 10.1002/jper.20-0513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the present study is to assess the ability of procalcitonin (PCT) to differentiate between periodontal health and Stage II and III periodontitis. We further assessed, if PCT can reflect early bacteremia induced by non-surgical periodontal treatment (NSPT). METHODS Sixty-four systemically healthy individuals were divided into Group I, periodontally healthy, and Group II, Stage II and III periodontitis. NSPT was done for both the groups. Standardized serum and salivary samples were obtained and analyzed for PCT levels using highly sensitive double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay at baseline and 2 weeks. In addition, the serum levels of PCT were recorded at immediate and 1-hour post-NSPT. RESULTS Mean PCT levels (saliva = 0.03 ng/mL and serum = 0.05 ng/mL) in periodontally healthy group were considerably lower than that in the periodontitis group (saliva = 0.22 ng/mL and serum = 1.85 ng/mL) with significant intergroup comparison at P < 0.001. Post NSPT the mean serum PCT values increased from 1.854 ng/mL to 1.871 ng/mL at the immediate interval and remained at 0.879 ng/mL after 2 weeks at P < 0.001. Spearman correlation showed highly significant positive correlation between serum and salivary PCT values to clinical attachment level (CAL) at P < 0.001 and rho = 0.78 and 0.75, respectively. Linear regression model showed serum PCT to be a significant predictor for CAL. CONCLUSION Screening for serum PCT levels in patients with periodontitis could act not only as a guide to assess the bacterial load and use of antibiotics but also as a predictor for CAL loss in patients with periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjitha Mohan
- Department of Periodontics, Bangalore Institute of Dental Sciences and Post Graduate Research Centre, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Srirangarajan
- Department of Periodontics, Bangalore Institute of Dental Sciences and Post Graduate Research Centre, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Ravi J Rao
- Department of Periodontics, Bangalore Institute of Dental Sciences and Post Graduate Research Centre, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Srikumar Prabhu
- Department of Periodontics, Bangalore Institute of Dental Sciences and Post Graduate Research Centre, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Vinaya Rudresh
- Department of Periodontics, Bangalore Institute of Dental Sciences and Post Graduate Research Centre, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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Jentsch HFR, Dietrich M, Eick S. Non-Surgical Periodontal Therapy with Adjunctive Amoxicillin/Metronidazole or Metronidazole When No Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans Is Detected—A Randomized Clinical Trial. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9100686. [PMID: 33050325 PMCID: PMC7601813 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9100686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The aim was to compare two different systemic antibiotics regimens adjunctive to non-surgical periodontal therapy when Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans was not detected in the subgingival biofilm. Methods: A total of 58 patients with periodontitis and with no A. actinomycetemcomitans in the subgingival biofilm were treated with full-mouth subgingival instrumentation and either metronidazole (MET; n = 29) or amoxicillin/metronidazole (AMX/MET; n = 29). Probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL) and bleeding on probing (BOP) were recorded at baseline, as well as after three and six months. Subgingival biofilm and gingival crevicular fluid were collected and analyzed for major periodontopathogens and biomarkers. Results: PD, CAL and BOP improved at 3 and 6 months (each p < 0.001 vs. baseline) with no difference between the groups. Sites with initial PD ≥ 6 mm also improved in both groups after 3 and 6 months (p < 0.001) with a higher reduction of PD in the AMX/MET group (p < 0.05). T. forsythia was lower in the AMX/MET group after 3 months (p < 0.05). MMP-8 and IL-1β were without significant changes and differences between the groups. Conclusion: When A. actinomycetemcomitans was not detected in the subgingival biofilm, the adjunctive systemic use of amoxicillin/metronidazole results in better clinical and microbiological outcomes of non-surgical periodontal therapy when the application of systemic antibiotics is scheduled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holger F. R. Jentsch
- Centre for Periodontology, Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Periodontology, University Hospital of Leipzig, Liebigstr. 12, Haus 1, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-341-9721208; Fax: +49-341-9721259
| | - Martin Dietrich
- Private Dental Practice, Borngasse 12, D-99084 Erfurt, Germany;
| | - Sigrun Eick
- Department of Periodontology, Laboratory of Oral Microbiology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Freiburgstr. 7, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland;
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Clinical, host-derived immune biomarkers and microbiological outcomes with adjunctive photochemotherapy compared with local antimicrobial therapy in the treatment of peri-implantitis in cigarette smokers. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2020; 30:101684. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.101684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Radakovic S, Andreoli N, Schmid S, Nietzsche S, Zumbrunn J, Sculean A, Eick S. Taurolidine Acts on Bacterial Virulence Factors and Does Not Induce Resistance in Periodontitis-Associated Bacteria-An In-Vitro Study. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9040166. [PMID: 32272629 PMCID: PMC7235838 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9040166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aims of the present study were: (a) to determine the mechanism of action of taurolidine against bacterial species associated with periodontal disease, and (b) to evaluate the potential development of resistance against taurolidine as compared with minocycline. After visualizing the mode of action of taurolidine by transmission electron micrographs, the interaction with most important virulence factors (lipopolysaccharide (LPS), Porphyromonas gingivalis gingipains, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans leukotoxin), was analyzed. Then, 14 clinical isolates from subgingival biofilm samples were transferred on agar plates containing subinhibitory concentrations of taurolidine or minocycline up to 50 passages. Before and after each 10 passages, minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined. Increasing MICs were screened for efflux mechanism. Taurolidine inhibited in a concentration-dependent manner the activities of LPS and of the arginine-specific gingipains; however, an effect on A. actinomycetemcomitans leukotoxin was not detected. One P. gingivalis strain developed a resistance against taurolidine, which was probably linked with efflux mechanisms. An increase of MIC values of minocycline occurred in five of the 14 included strains after exposure to subinhibitory concentrations of the antibiotic. The present results indicate that: (a) taurolidine interacts with LPS and gingipains, and (b) development of resistance seems to be a rare event when using taurolidine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Radakovic
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland; (S.R.); (N.A.); (S.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Nicola Andreoli
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland; (S.R.); (N.A.); (S.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Simon Schmid
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland; (S.R.); (N.A.); (S.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Sandor Nietzsche
- Center for Electron Microscopy, Jena University Hospital, D-07743 Jena, Germany;
| | - Jürg Zumbrunn
- Department of Clinical Affairs R& D, Geistlich Pharma Ag, CH-6110 Wolhusen, Switzerland;
| | - Anton Sculean
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland; (S.R.); (N.A.); (S.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Sigrun Eick
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland; (S.R.); (N.A.); (S.S.); (A.S.)
- Correspondence:
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Maldonado A, Pirracchio L, Imber JC, Bürgin W, Möller B, Sculean A, Eick S. Citrullination in periodontium is associated with Porphyromonas gingivalis. Arch Oral Biol 2020; 114:104695. [PMID: 32315811 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2020.104695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyse the citrulline level in the periodontium in association with the presence of or antibody levels against Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Porphyromonas gingivalis. DESIGN Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), subgingival biofilm and blood serum were sampled from 98 subjects (26 with RA, 72 without RA (NoRA)). GCF was analyzed for the level of citrulline, for interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-17, IL-10 and monocyte-chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1. Microorganisms were identified in subgingival biofilms. Antibodies againstP. gingivalis, and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans were quantified in serum. RESULTS GCF citrulline level was the lowest (by trend) in NoRA group without periodontitis. In NoRA, but not in RA an association between GCF citrulline level and P. gingivalis antibody levels was found and the GCF citrulline levels were higher in P. gingivalis positive samples. Any association of A. actinomycetemcomitans with GCF citrulline level did not exist. A model of univariate variance analysis (p = 0.001) showed a dependence of GCF citrulline level from the number of sites with PD (probing depth) ≥5 mm (p = 0.003) and the GCF MCP-1/CCL2 level (p = 0.019). Compared with NoRA in RA the number of teeth was lower, the number of sites with PD ≥ 5 mm was less, GCF levels of interleukin-17 and MCP-1/CCL2 were higher and those of IL-10 lower. Yeasts were only cultured in 15 RA patients (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Citrullination in periodontium might be associated with P. gingivalis supporting the potential role as a trigger in the development of RA. Pathogenesis of periodontal disease in RA patients seems to differ from that in NoRA and should be investigated further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Maldonado
- Department of Periodontology, University of Bern, School of Dental Medicine, Switzerland.
| | - Luca Pirracchio
- Department of Periodontology, University of Bern, School of Dental Medicine, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Claude Imber
- Department of Periodontology, University of Bern, School of Dental Medicine, Switzerland
| | - Walter Bürgin
- Ressort Research, University of Bern, School of Dental Medicine, Freiburgstrasse 7, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Burkhard Möller
- Clinic of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergology, University Hospital Bern, Freiburgstrasse 15, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Anton Sculean
- Department of Periodontology, University of Bern, School of Dental Medicine, Switzerland
| | - Sigrun Eick
- Department of Periodontology, University of Bern, School of Dental Medicine, Switzerland
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11
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In-vitro antibiofilm activity of chlorhexidine digluconate on polylactide-based and collagen-based membranes. BMC Oral Health 2019; 19:291. [PMID: 31878907 PMCID: PMC6933891 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-019-0979-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In Guided Tissue Regeneration (GTR), barrier membranes are used to allow selective cell populations to multiply and to promote periodontal regeneration. A frequent complication is membrane exposure to the oral cavity followed by bacterial colonization. The purpose of this in-vitro-study was to elucidate, if rinsing with a chlorhexidine digluconate solution (CHX) prevents bacterial adhesion, and whether it interferes with attachment of periodontal ligament (PDL) fibroblasts and epithelial cells to membrane surfaces. Methods Firstly, two bioresorbable membranes (polylactide-based and collagen-based) were dipped into 0.06% CHX and 0.12% CHX, before biofilms (2-species representing periodontal health, 6-species representing a periodontitis) were formed for 2 h and 8 h. Subsequently, colony forming units (cfu) were counted. Secondly, the membranes were treated with CHX and inoculated in bacteria suspension two-time per day for 3 d before cfu were determined. In additional series, the influence of CHX and bacterial lysates on attachment of epithelial cells and PDL fibroblasts was determined. Parameter-free tests were applied for statistical analysis. Results Cfu in “healthy” biofilms did not differ between the two membranes, more cfu were counted in “periodontitis” biofilm on collagen than on polylactide membranes. One-time dipping of membranes into CHX solutions did not markedly influence the cfu counts of both biofilms on polylactide membrane; those on collagen-based membrane were significantly reduced with being 0.12% CHX more active than 0.06% CHX. More-fold CHX dipping of membranes reduced concentration-dependent the cfu counts of both biofilms on both membranes. In general, the number of attached gingival epithelial cells and PDL fibroblasts was higher on collagen than on polylactide membrane. Lysates of the periodontopathogenic bacteria inhibited attachment of PDL fibroblasts to membranes. CHX decreased in a concentration-dependend manner the number of attached gingival epithelial cells and PDL fibroblasts. Conclusions The present in-vitro results appear to indicate that membranes in GTR should only be used when bacteria being associated with periodontal disease have been eliminated. An exposure of the membrane should be avoided. Rinsing with CHX may prevent or at least retard bacterial colonization on membrane exposed to the oral activity. However, a certain negative effect on wound healing cannot be excluded.
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12
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Kulik EM, Thurnheer T, Karygianni L, Walter C, Sculean A, Eick S. Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Porphyromonas gingivalis Strains from Different Decades. Antibiotics (Basel) 2019; 8:antibiotics8040253. [PMID: 31817588 PMCID: PMC6963212 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics8040253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the antibiotic susceptibility patterns of 57 Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and 56 Porphyromonas gingivalis strains isolated from subgingival biofilm samples of periodontitis patients in Switzerland from 1980 to 2017. The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of the most commonly used antibiotics in periodontal therapy (amoxicillin, metronidazole, azithromycin, and doxycycline) or in severe body infections (amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, clindamycin, ertapenem, and moxifloxacin) were determined. Furthermore, all the strains were screened for beta-lactamase activity and the presence of selected resistance genes (cfxA, ermF, and tetQ). Overall, there was no significant increase in MIC values over the 37‑year period. Two of the most recent P. gingivalis isolates yielded the highest MIC values. The first isolate was ermF-positive with MIC values >8 µg/mL, 2 µg/mL, and 0.25 µg/mL for clindamycin, azithromycin, and moxifloxacin, respectively. The second isolate showed a high MIC value of 4 µg/mL for moxifloxacin, which was associated with a confirmed single-point mutation in the quinolone resistance-determining region (QRDR) of the gyrA gene. Although there was no significant increase in the antibiotic resistance among the oral bacterial isolates tested, the detection of resistant P. gingivalis isolates underlines the need to optimize the antibiotic therapeutic protocols in dentistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva M. Kulik
- Department of Oral Health & Medicine, University Center for Dental Medicine, University of Basel, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
- Correspondence:
| | - Thomas Thurnheer
- Clinic of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Division of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland; (T.T.); (L.K.)
| | - Lamprini Karygianni
- Clinic of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Division of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland; (T.T.); (L.K.)
| | - Clemens Walter
- Department. of Periodontology, Endodontology and Cariology, University Center for Dental Medicine, University of Basel, 4058 Basel, Switzerland;
| | - Anton Sculean
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, 3001 Bern, Switzerland; (A.S.); (S.E.)
| | - Sigrun Eick
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, 3001 Bern, Switzerland; (A.S.); (S.E.)
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13
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Jentsch HFR, Heusinger T, Weickert A, Eick S. Professional tooth cleaning prior to non-surgical periodontal therapy: A randomized clinical trial. J Periodontol 2019; 91:174-182. [PMID: 31376167 DOI: 10.1002/jper.19-0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study was aimed to investigate if professional oral prophylaxis before scaling and root planing (SRP) has an effect on the outcome of non-surgical periodontal treatment in patients with chronic periodontitis. METHODS Fifty-two individuals with chronic periodontitis receiving non-surgical periodontal therapy by SRP with (test) and without (control) two appointments of professional tooth cleaning but with motivation and instruction were monitored for clinical variables, four selected microorganisms and two biomarkers at baseline, before SRP as well as 3 and 6 months after SRP. Statistical analysis included non-parametric tests for intra- and intergroup comparisons. RESULTS Probing depth (PD), attachment level, bleeding on probing (BOP), and interproximal plaque index (API) were significantly improved in both groups 3 and 6 months after SRP. PD, BOP, API, and the number of sites with PD ≥5 mm were significantly lower in the test group than in the control group at the appointment immediately before SRP. Tannerella forsythia was significantly reduced in both groups at 3 and 6 months, Porphyromonas gingivalis only in the test group. Interleukin-1β was significantly reduced in the control group 3 and 6 months after SRP, matrix metalloproteinase-8 level decreased in the test group 3 months after SRP. There was no significant difference of any clinical and non-clinical variable between both groups at 3 and 6 months after SRP. CONCLUSIONS Professional tooth cleaning before the SRP does not improve the clinical results of the SRP. It has no obvious long-lasting effects on major periodontopathogens in the subgingival biofilm as well as on biomarkers in the gingival crevicular fluid after SRP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holger F R Jentsch
- Center for Periodontology, Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Periodontology, University Hospital of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | | | - Sigrun Eick
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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14
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Bender P, Egger A, Westermann M, Taudte N, Sculean A, Potempa J, Möller B, Buchholz M, Eick S. Expression of human and Porphyromonas gingivalis glutaminyl cyclases in periodontitis and rheumatoid arthritis-A pilot study. Arch Oral Biol 2018; 97:223-230. [PMID: 30399509 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2018.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Human glutaminyl cyclases (QC and isoQC) play an important role in maintaining inflammatory conditions. Meanwhile a glutaminyl cyclase synthesized by Porphyromonas gingivalis (PgQC), a key pathogen in developing periodontitis and a potential link of periodontitis with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), was discovered. This study was aimed to determine the expression of QC, isoQC and PgQC in patients with chronic periodontitis (CP) and RA. DESIGN Thirty volunteers were enrolled in a pilot study and divided into 3 groups (healthy, CP and RA individuals). Blood samples, biofilm and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) were analysed for mRNA expression of QC, isoQC and P. gingivalis QC. Major bacteria being associated with periodontal disease were quantified in subgingival biofilm and protein levels for monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, MCP-3 and interleukin (IL)-1β) were determined in the GCF. Expression of PgQC on the mRNA and protein levels was assessed in two P. gingivalis strains. RESULTS PgQC is expressed in P. gingivalis strains and the protein seems to be located mainly in peri-plasmatic space. mRNA expression of QC was significantly increased in the peripheral blood from RA patients vs. healthy subjects and CP patients (p = 0.013 and p = 0.003, respectively). In GCF of RA patients, QC mRNA was detected more frequently than in healthy controls (p = 0.043). In these samples IL-1β levels were also elevated compared to GCF from periodontally healthy individuals (p = 0.003). PgQC was detected in eight out of the 13 P. gingivalis positive biofilm samples. CONCLUSION Activity of QC may play a supportive role in maintaining chronic periodontal inflammation and destruction in RA. PgQC is expressed in vivo but further research is needed to evaluate biological importance of this enzyme and if it constitutes a potential target in periodontal antimicrobial therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Bender
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Egger
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Martin Westermann
- Center of Electron Microscopy, University Hospital of Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Nadine Taudte
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology IZI-MWT, Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Anton Sculean
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jan Potempa
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University Krakow, Krakow, Poland; Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Louisville, USA
| | - Burkhard Möller
- Department of Rheumatology, Clinical Immunology and Allergology, University Hospital of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Mirko Buchholz
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology IZI-MWT, Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Sigrun Eick
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
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15
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Eckert M, Mizgalska D, Sculean A, Potempa J, Stavropoulos A, Eick S. In vivo expression of proteases and protease inhibitor, a serpin, by periodontal pathogens at teeth and implants. Mol Oral Microbiol 2018; 33:240-248. [PMID: 29498485 DOI: 10.1111/omi.12220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Porphyromonas gingivalis and Tannerella forsythia secrete proteases, gingipains and KLIKK-proteases. In addition, T. forsythia produces a serpin (miropin) with broad inhibitory spectrum. The aim of this pilot study was to determine the level of expression of miropin and individual proteases in vivo in periodontal and peri-implant health and disease conditions. Biofilm and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF)/ peri-implant sulcular fluid (PISF) samples were taken from healthy tooth and implant sites (n = 10), gingivitis and mucositis sites (n = 12), and periodontitis and peri-implantitis sites (n = 10). Concentration of interleukin-8 (IL-8), IL-1β and IL-10 in GCF was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Loads of P. gingivalis and T. forsythia and the presence of proteases and miropin genes were assessed in biofilm by quantitative PCR, whereas gene expression was estimated by quantitative RT-PCR. The presence of P. gingivalis and T. forsythia, as well as the level of IL-8 and IL-1β, were associated with disease severity in the periodontal and peri-implant tissues. In biofilm samples harboring T. forsythia, genes encoding proteases were found to be present at 72.4% for karilysin and 100% for other KLIKK-protease genes and miropin. At the same time, detectable mRNA expression of individual genes ranged from 20.7% to 58.6% of samples (for forsylisin and miropsin-1, respectively). In comparison with the T. forsythia proteases, miropin and the gingipains were highly expressed. The level of expression of gingipains was associated with those of miropin and certain T. forsythia proteases around teeth but not implants. Cumulatively, KLIKK-proteases and especially miropin, might play a role in pathogenesis of both periodontal and peri-implant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Eckert
- Department of Periodontology, University of Bern, School of Dental Medicine, Bern, Switzerland
| | - D Mizgalska
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - A Sculean
- Department of Periodontology, University of Bern, School of Dental Medicine, Bern, Switzerland
| | - J Potempa
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland.,Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - A Stavropoulos
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - S Eick
- Department of Periodontology, University of Bern, School of Dental Medicine, Bern, Switzerland
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16
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Diener VN, Gay A, Soyka MB, Attin T, Schmidlin PR, Sahrmann P. What is the influence of tonsillectomy on the level of periodontal pathogens on the tongue dorsum and in periodontal pockets. BMC Oral Health 2018; 18:62. [PMID: 29625605 PMCID: PMC5889595 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-018-0521-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND For periodontal treatment, the full mouth disinfection approach suggests disinfection of oral soft tissues, such as tongue and tonsils concomitant to scaling and root planning since patients might benefit from treatment of these oral niches either. Periodontopathogenes in tonsillar tissue support this hypothesis. This prospective controlled clinical study investigated the change in the oral flora of patients who underwent tonsillectomy. Pockets were tested for eleven bacterial species before and six weeks after the surgical intervention. METHODS Fifty generally healthy adults were included in this study. The test group consisted of 25 patients with tonsillectomy. The control group included 25 patients with otorhinolarynologic surgery without involvement of the oral cavity. Clinical parameters such as probing pocket depth, bleeding-on-probing index and plaque index were registered the evening before surgery. Also bacterial samples from the gingival sulcus and dorsum linguae were taken, and an additional sample from the removed tonsils in the test group. Six weeks after the intervention microbial samples of pockets and tongue were taken again. Data were tested for significant differences using Wilcoxon rank and Whitney-u-test. RESULTS No relevant intra- or intergroup differences were found for the change of the eleven investigated species. CONCLUSION Based on the results of the present study, tonsillectomy does not seem to have an immediate relevant effect on the bacterial flora of tongue or periodontium. This study design was approved by the ethical committee of Zurich (KEK-ZH-Nr.2013-0419). TRIAL REGISTRATION The trial was retrospectively registered in the German Clinical Trials Register ( DRK00014077 ) on February 20, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- V N Diener
- Clinic for Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariologiy, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - A Gay
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - M B Soyka
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - T Attin
- Clinic for Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariologiy, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - P R Schmidlin
- Clinic for Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariologiy, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - P Sahrmann
- Clinic for Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariologiy, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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17
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Effects of non-surgical periodontal therapy on periodontal laboratory and clinical data as well as on disease activity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Oral Investig 2018; 23:141-151. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-018-2420-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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18
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Microbiological analysis and the outcomes of periodontal treatment with or without adjunctive systemic antibiotics—a retrospective study. Clin Oral Investig 2018; 22:3031-3041. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-018-2392-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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19
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Activity of taurolidine gels on ex vivo periodontal biofilm. Clin Oral Investig 2017; 22:2031-2037. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-017-2297-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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20
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Jentsch HFR, Arnold N, Richter V, Deschner J, Kantyka T, Eick S. Salivary, gingival crevicular fluid and serum levels of ghrelin and chemerin in patients with periodontitis and overweight. J Periodontal Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/jre.12476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H. F. R. Jentsch
- Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Periodontology; Centre for Periodontology; University Hospital of Leipzig; Leipzig Germany
| | - N. Arnold
- Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Periodontology; Centre for Periodontology; University Hospital of Leipzig; Leipzig Germany
- Private Dental Practice; Hartha Germany
| | - V. Richter
- Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics; Institute for Laboratory Medicine; University Hospital of Leipzig; Leipzig Germany
| | - J. Deschner
- Experimental Dento-Maxillo-Facial Medicine; University of Bonn; Bonn Germany
| | - T. Kantyka
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology; Jagiellonian University; Kraków Poland
- Broegelmann Research Laboratory; Department of Clinical Science; University of Bergen; Bergen Norway
| | - S. Eick
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiology; Department of Periodontology; School of Dental Medicine; University of Bern; Bern Switzerland
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21
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Nickles K, Scharf S, Röllke L, Dannewitz B, Eickholz P. Comparison of Two Different Sampling Methods for Subgingival Plaque: Subgingival Paper Points or Mouthrinse Sample? J Periodontol 2017; 88:399-406. [DOI: 10.1902/jop.2016.160249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Nickles
- Department of Periodontology, Center for Dentistry and Oral Medicine (Carolinum), Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Susanne Scharf
- Department of Periodontology, Center for Dentistry and Oral Medicine (Carolinum), Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Lasse Röllke
- Department of Periodontology, Center for Dentistry and Oral Medicine (Carolinum), Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Bettina Dannewitz
- Department of Periodontology, Center for Dentistry and Oral Medicine (Carolinum), Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
- Department of Conservative Dentistry; Clinic for Oral, Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases; Heidelberg University; Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Eickholz
- Department of Periodontology, Center for Dentistry and Oral Medicine (Carolinum), Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
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22
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Godlewska U, Brzoza P, Sroka A, Majewski P, Jentsch H, Eckert M, Eick S, Potempa J, Zabel BA, Cichy J. Antimicrobial and Attractant Roles for Chemerin in the Oral Cavity during Inflammatory Gum Disease. Front Immunol 2017; 8:353. [PMID: 28424689 PMCID: PMC5372799 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontal inflammation is one of the most common chronic inflammatory conditions in humans. Despite recent advances in identifying and characterizing oral microbiota dysbiosis in the pathogenesis of gum disease, just how host factors maintain a healthy homeostatic oral microbial community or prevent the development of a pathogenic oral microbiota remains poorly understood. An important determinant of microbiota fate is local antimicrobial proteins. Here, we report that chemoattractant protein chemerin, which we recently identified as a potent endogenous antimicrobial agent in body barriers such as the skin, is present in the oral cavity under homeostatic and inflammatory conditions. Chemerin and a chemerin-derived antimicrobial peptide are bactericidal against select bacteria strategically positioned in dental biofilm. Gingival crevicular samples from patients with gingivitis but not periodontitis contain abundant bioactive chemerin capable of inducing CMKLR1-dependent leukocyte migration. Gingipains secreted by the periodontopathogen P. gingivalis inactivate chemerin. Together, these data suggest that as an antimicrobial agent and leukocyte chemoattractant, chemerin likely contributes to antimicrobial immune defense in the oral cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urszula Godlewska
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Department of Immunology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Piotr Brzoza
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Department of Immunology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Aneta Sroka
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Department of Microbiology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Pawel Majewski
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Department of Immunology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Holger Jentsch
- Centre for Periodontology, Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Periodontology, University Hospital of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Martin Eckert
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sigrun Eick
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jan Potempa
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Department of Microbiology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland.,Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Brian A Zabel
- Palo Alto Veterans Institute for Research, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Joanna Cichy
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Department of Immunology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
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23
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Eick S, Meier I, Spoerlé F, Bender P, Aoki A, Izumi Y, Salvi GE, Sculean A. In Vitro-Activity of Er:YAG Laser in Comparison with other Treatment Modalities on Biofilm Ablation from Implant and Tooth Surfaces. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0171086. [PMID: 28125700 PMCID: PMC5268770 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0171086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Bacterial biofilms play a major role in the etiology of periodontal and peri-implant diseases. The aim of the study was to evaluate the removal of bacterial biofilms and attachment of epithelial cells (EC), gingival fibroblasts (GF) and osteoblast-like cells (OC) to dentin and titanium surfaces after Er:YAG laser (Er:YAG) in comparison with other treatment methods. MATERIAL AND METHODS Multi-species bacterial biofilms were grown on standardized dentin and titanium specimens with a sand-blasted and acid etched (SLA) surface for 3.5 d. Thereafter, the specimens were placed into artificially-created pockets. The following methods for biofilm removal were used: 1) Gracey (dentin) or titanium curettes (CUR), 2) Er:YAG, 3) photodynamic therapy (PDT) and 4) CUR with adjunctive PDT (CUR/PDT). Colony forming units (CFUs) of the remaining biofilms and attachment of EC, GF and OC were determined. Statistical analysis was performed by means of ANOVA with post-hoc LSD. RESULTS All treatment methods decreased statistically significantly (p<0.001) total CFUs in biofilms compared with untreated dentin and titanium surfaces respectively. On dentin, Er:YAG was equally efficient as CUR and PDT but inferior to CUR/PDT (p = 0.005). On titanium, surfaces, the use of Er:YAG resulted in statistically significantly superior biofilm removal compared to the 3 other treatments (each p<0.001). Counts of attached EC, GF and OC were the lowest on untreated contaminated dentin and titanium surfaces each. After CUR/PDT higher EC counts were found on dentin (p = 0.006). On titanium, all decontamination methods statistically significantly increased (p<0.001) the counts of attached EC without differences between groups. Statistically significantly higher counts of GF (p = 0.024) and OC (p<0.001) were observed after Er:YAG decontamination compared with untreated surfaces. CONCLUSION Ablation of subgingival biofilms and in particular decontamination of titanium implant surfaces with an Er:YAG laser seem to be a promising approach and warrants further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigrun Eick
- School of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
| | - Ivan Meier
- School of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Florian Spoerlé
- School of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Philip Bender
- School of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Akira Aoki
- Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuichi Izumi
- Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Giovanni E. Salvi
- School of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Anton Sculean
- School of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Coffey J, Choudhry M, Shlossman M, Makin IRS, Singh VK. Multiplex real-time PCR detection and relative quantification of periodontal pathogens. Clin Exp Dent Res 2016; 2:185-192. [PMID: 29744166 PMCID: PMC5839218 DOI: 10.1002/cre2.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Revised: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease, which is strongly associated with certain pathogenic bacteria. The aim of this study was to develop a real-time multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay to detect and quantify bacterial species associated with periodontitis. We targeted detection and relative quantification of the following five bacterial species relevant to periodontal diseases: Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, and Tannerella forsythia. The conserved regions of the genome of these species were targeted with oligos and TaqMan probes in real-time PCR assays. The species-specific TaqMan oligos and TaqMan probes showed no cross-amplification, and there was no loss of amplification yield in multiplex real-time PCR assays. All five bacterial targets were amplified analogous to the template concentrations used in these assays. This multiplex real-time PCR strategy could potentially be used to detect the bacterial species in periodontal pockets of patients with periodontal diseases. This assay may also serve as a quick tool for profiling and quantifying bacteria relevant to periodontal diseases and likely be a valuable tool for clinical translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Coffey
- Missouri School of Dentistry and Oral HealthMissouriUSA
| | | | - Marc Shlossman
- Arizona School of Dentistry and Oral Health, A.T. Still University of Health SciencesArizonaUSA
| | - Inder Raj S. Makin
- Arizona School of Dentistry and Oral Health, A.T. Still University of Health SciencesArizonaUSA
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Adhesion of Porphyromonas gingivalis and Tannerella forsythia to dentin and titanium with sandblasted and acid etched surface coated with serum and serum proteins - An in vitro study. Arch Oral Biol 2016; 75:81-88. [PMID: 27825675 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2016.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Revised: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the adhesion of selected bacterial strains incl. expression of important virulence factors at dentin and titanium SLA surfaces coated with layers of serum proteins. METHODS Dentin- and moderately rough SLA titanium-discs were coated overnight with human serum, or IgG, or human serum albumin (HSA). Thereafter, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, or a six-species mixture were added for 4h and 24h. The number of adhered bacteria (colony forming units; CFU) was determined. Arg-gingipain activity of P. gingivalis and mRNA expressions of P. gingivalis and T. forsythia proteases and T. forsythia protease inhibitor were measured. RESULTS Coating specimens never resulted in differences exceeding 1.1 log10 CFU, comparing to controls, irrespective the substrate. Counts of T. forsythia were statistically significantly higher at titanium than dentin, the difference was up to 3.7 log10 CFU after 24h (p=0.002). No statistically significant variation regarding adhesion of the mixed culture was detected between surfaces or among coatings. Arg-gingipain activity of P. gingivalis was associated with log10 CFU but not with the surface or the coating. Titanium negatively influenced mRNA expression of T. forsythia protease inhibitor at 24h (p=0.026 uncoated, p=0.009 with serum). CONCLUSIONS The present findings indicate that: a) single bacterial species (T. forsythia) can adhere more readily to titanium SLA than to dentin, b) low expression of T. forsythia protease inhibitor may influence the virulence of the species on titanium SLA surfaces in comparison with teeth, and c) surface properties (e.g. material and/or protein layers) do not appear to significantly influence multi-species adhesion.
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Guo L, Feng Y, Guo HG, Liu BW, Zhang Y. Consequences of orthodontic treatment in malocclusion patients: clinical and microbial effects in adults and children. BMC Oral Health 2016; 16:112. [PMID: 27793138 PMCID: PMC5084385 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-016-0308-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malocclusion is a common disease of oral and maxillofacial region. The study was aimed to investigate levels changes of periodontal pathogens in malocclusion patients before, during and after orthodontic treatments, and to confirm the difference between adults and children. METHOD One hundred and eight malocclusion patients (46 adults and 62 children at the school-age) were randomly selected and received orthodontic treatment with fixed orthodontic appliances. Subgingival plaques were Porphyromonas gingivalis (P.gingivalis), Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum), Prevotella intermedia (P. intermedia) and Tannerella forsythensis (T. forsythensis) collected from the observed regions before and after treatment. Clinical indexes, including plaque index (PLI), gingival index (GI), sulcus bleeding index (SBI), probing depth (PD) and attachment loss (AL) of observed teeth were examined. RESULTS The detection rates of P.gingivalis, F. nucleatum, P. intermedia and T. forsythensis increased from baseline to the third month without significant difference, and then returned to pretreatment levels 12 month after applying fixed orthodontic appliances. Adults' percentage contents of P.gingivalis, F. nucleatum, P. intermedia and T. forsythensis were significantly higher than those of children at baseline and the first month, but not obvious at the third month. PLI and SBI were increased from baseline to the first and to the third month both in adults and children groups. Besides, PD were increased from baseline to first month, followed by a downward trend in the third month; however, all patients were failed to detect with AL. CONCLUSIONS Periodontal and microbiological statuses of malocclusion patients may be influenced by fixed orthodontic appliances in both adults and children, more significant in children than in adults. Some microbiological indexes have synchronous trend with the clinical indexes. Long-term efficacy of fixed orthodontic appliances for malocclusion should be confirmed by future researches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Guo
- Department of Stomatology, Ninth Hospital of Xi'an, No. 151, 2nd Ring Road East, Xi'an, 710054, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ying Feng
- Department of Stomatology, Ninth Hospital of Xi'an, No. 151, 2nd Ring Road East, Xi'an, 710054, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Gang Guo
- Department of Orthopedic, Engineering University Hospital of PAPF, Xi'an, 710086, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo-Wen Liu
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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27
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Jusko M, Miedziak B, Ermert D, Magda M, King BC, Bielecka E, Riesbeck K, Eick S, Potempa J, Blom AM. FACIN, a Double-Edged Sword of the Emerging Periodontal Pathogen Filifactor alocis: A Metabolic Enzyme Moonlighting as a Complement Inhibitor. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 197:3245-3259. [PMID: 27638863 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1600739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Periodontal disease is one of the most common inflammatory infectious diseases worldwide and it is associated with other syndromes, such as cardiovascular disease or rheumatoid arthritis. Recent advances in sequencing allowed for identification of novel periodontopathogens such as Gram-positive Filifactor alocis, but its virulence mechanisms remain largely unknown. We confirmed that F. alocis is a prevalent species in periodontitis patients, and we also observed strong correlation of this bacterium with clinical parameters, highlighting its role in the pathogenesis of the disease. Further, we found that preincubation of human serum with F. alocis resulted in abolished bactericidal activity and that F. alocis was surviving readily in full blood. We demonstrated that one of the key contributors to F. alocis complement resistance is a unique protein, FACIN (F. alocis complement inhibitor), which binds to C3, resulting in suppression of all complement pathways. Interestingly, FACIN is a nonclassical cell surface protein, a cytosolic enzyme acetylornithine transaminase, for which we now identified a moonlighting function. FACIN binds to C3 alone, but more importantly it also captures activated complement factor 3 within the complex with factor B, thereby locking in the convertase in an inactive state. Because of the indispensable role of alternative pathway convertase in amplifying complement cascades, its inhibition by FACIN results in a very potent downregulation of activated complement factor 3 opsonization on the pathogen surface, accompanied by reduction of downstream C5 cleavage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Jusko
- Section of Protein Chemistry, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, 205 02 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Beata Miedziak
- Section of Protein Chemistry, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, 205 02 Malmö, Sweden
| | - David Ermert
- Section of Protein Chemistry, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, 205 02 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Michal Magda
- Section of Protein Chemistry, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, 205 02 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Ben C King
- Section of Protein Chemistry, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, 205 02 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Ewa Bielecka
- Section of Protein Chemistry, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, 205 02 Malmö, Sweden.,Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Kristian Riesbeck
- Section of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, 202 13 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Sigrun Eick
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiology, Department of Periodontology, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; and
| | - Jan Potempa
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland.,Centre for Oral Health and Systemic Diseases, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Louisville, KY 40202
| | - Anna M Blom
- Section of Protein Chemistry, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, 205 02 Malmö, Sweden;
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Eick S, Mathey A, Vollroth K, Kramesberger M, Bürgin W, Sculean A, Ramseier C, Jentsch H. Persistence of Porphyromonas gingivalis is a negative predictor in patients with moderate to severe periodontitis after nonsurgical periodontal therapy. Clin Oral Investig 2016; 21:665-674. [PMID: 27558382 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-016-1933-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality of prediction for stable results after nonsurgical periodontal therapy by several microbiological variables of the subgingival biofilm and biomarkers of gingival crevicular fluid or oral lavage. MATERIAL AND METHODS Forty-six individuals with moderate or severe chronic periodontitis receiving nonsurgical periodontal therapy were monitored for clinical variables, selected microorganisms, and biomarkers at baseline and 3 and 6 months thereafter. Logistic regression analysis and general linear model (GLM) were applied for analysis of variance and covariance. RESULTS At 6 months, 20 patients showed a high response (HR) to treatment (at least 60 % of reduction of numbers of sites with PD >4 mm), whereas 26 did not (low response, LR). All clinical variables were significantly improved at 3 and 6 months within each group (p < 0.001, each compared with baseline). Modeling the impact of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, and median of MMP-8 on to the response to treatment as continuous variables by GLM showed a significant influence of these variables (p = 0.045) with the strongest influence of P. gingivalis (p = 0.012) followed by T. denticola (p = 0.045) and no association with MMP-8 (p = 0.982). Samples tested positively for P. gingivalis decreased only in HR (3 months: p = 0.003; 6 months: p = 0.002). Calprotectin levels in GCF were lower in the HR group compared with the LR group at 3 months (p = 0.008) and at 6 months (p = 0.018). CONCLUSION Persistence of P. gingivalis combined with a high GCF level of calprotectin may have a negative predictive value on response to periodontal therapy. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Microbiological diagnostics for P. gingivalis before and 3 months after SRP may have a predictive value on response to periodontal therapy. The combination with MMP-8 in oral lavage or preferably calprotectin in GCF might give additional information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigrun Eick
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, 3010, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Ayse Mathey
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Karolin Vollroth
- Centre for Periodontology, Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Periodontology, University Hospital of Leipzig, Liebigstr. 12, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Martin Kramesberger
- Centre for Periodontology, Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Periodontology, University Hospital of Leipzig, Liebigstr. 12, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Walter Bürgin
- Ressort Research, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Anton Sculean
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Ramseier
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Holger Jentsch
- Centre for Periodontology, Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Periodontology, University Hospital of Leipzig, Liebigstr. 12, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
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Fahmy MD, Luepke PG, Ibrahim MS, Guentsch A. Treatment of a Periodontic-Endodontic Lesion in a Patient with Aggressive Periodontitis. Case Rep Dent 2016; 2016:7080781. [PMID: 27418983 PMCID: PMC4935913 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7080781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Revised: 05/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Case Description. This case report describes the successful management of a left mandibular first molar with a combined periodontic-endodontic lesion in a 35-year-old Caucasian woman with aggressive periodontitis using a concerted approach including endodontic treatment, periodontal therapy, and a periodontal regenerative procedure using an enamel matrix derivate. In spite of anticipated poor prognosis, the tooth lesion healed. This case report also discusses the rationale behind different treatment interventions. Practical Implication. Periodontic-endodontic lesions can be successfully treated if dental professionals follow a concerted treatment protocol that integrates endodontic and periodontic specialties. General dentists can be the gatekeepers in managing these cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina D. Fahmy
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Marquette University School of Dentistry, Milwaukee, WI 53233, USA
| | - Paul G. Luepke
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Marquette University School of Dentistry, Milwaukee, WI 53233, USA
| | - Mohamed S. Ibrahim
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Marquette University School of Dentistry, Milwaukee, WI 53233, USA
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Arndt Guentsch
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Marquette University School of Dentistry, Milwaukee, WI 53233, USA
- Center of Dental Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University, An der Alten Post 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
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Schmalz G, Tsigaras S, Rinke S, Kottmann T, Haak R, Ziebolz D. Detection of five potentially periodontal pathogenic bacteria in peri-implant disease: A comparison of PCR and real-time PCR. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2016; 85:289-294. [PMID: 27142589 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2016.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Revised: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare the microbial analysis methods of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and real-time PCR (RT-PCR) in terms of detection of five selected potentially periodontal pathogenic bacteria in peri-implant disease. Therefore 45 samples of healthy, mucositis and peri-implantitis (n = 15 each) were assessed according to presence of the following bacteria using PCR (DNA-strip technology) and RT-PCR (fluorescent dye SYBR green-system): Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa), Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), Treponema denticola (Td), Tanerella forsythia (Tf), and Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn). There were no significant correlations between the bacterial and disease patterns, so the benefit of using microbiological tests for the diagnosis of peri-implant diseases is questionable. Correlations between the methods were highest for Tf (Kendall's Tau: 0.65, Spearman: 0.78), Fn (0.49, 0.61) and Td (0.49, 0.59). For Aa (0.38, 0.42) and Pg (0.04, 0.04), lower correlation values were detected. Accordingly, conventional semi-quantitative PCR seems to be sufficient for analyzing potentially periodontal pathogenic bacterial species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerhard Schmalz
- Dept. of Cariology, Endodontology and Periodontology, University of Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sandra Tsigaras
- Dept. of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology, University Medical Centre Goettingen, Germany
| | - Sven Rinke
- Dental Practice Hanau & Alzenau, Germany; Dept. of Prosthodontics, University Medical Centre Goettingen, Germany
| | | | - Rainer Haak
- Dept. of Cariology, Endodontology and Periodontology, University of Leipzig, Germany
| | - Dirk Ziebolz
- Dept. of Cariology, Endodontology and Periodontology, University of Leipzig, Germany.
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Accuracy of commercial kits and published primer pairs for the detection of periodontopathogens. Clin Oral Investig 2016; 20:2515-2528. [PMID: 27020914 PMCID: PMC5119851 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-016-1748-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Despite the input of microbiome research, a group of 20 bacteria continues to be the focus of periodontal diagnostics and therapy. The aim of this study was to compare three commercial kits and laboratory-developed primer pairs for effectiveness in detecting such periodontopathogens. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fourteen bacterial mock communities, consisting of 16 randomly assembled bacterial strains, were used as reference standard for testing kits and primers. Extracted DNA from mock communities was analyzed by PCR in-house with specific primers and forwarded for analysis to the manufacturer's laboratory of each of the following kits: ParoCheck®Kit 20, micro-IDent®plus11, and Carpegen® Perio Diagnostik. RESULTS The kits accurately detected Fusobacterium nucleatum, Prevotella intermedia/Prevotella nigrescens, Parvimonas micra, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Campylobacter rectus/showae, Streptococcus mitis, Streptococcus mutans, and Veillonella parvula. The in-house primers for F.nucleatum were highly specific to subtypes of the respective periopathogen. Other primers repeatedly detected oral pathogens not present in the mock communities, indicating reduced specificity. CONCLUSIONS The commercial kits used in this study are reliable tools to support periodontal diagnostics. Whereas the detection profile of the kits is fixed at a general specificity level, the design of primers can be adjusted to differentiate between highly specific strains. In-house primers are more error-prone. Bacterial mock communities can be established as a reference standard for any similar testing. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The tested kits render good results with selected bacterial species. Primers appear to be less useful for routine clinical diagnostics and of limited applicability in research. Basic information about the periodontopathogens identified in this study supports clinical decision-making.
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Hur Y, Choi SK, Ogata Y, Stark PC, Levi PA. Microbiologic Findings in Relation to Risk Assessment for Periodontal Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study. J Periodontol 2016; 87:21-6. [DOI: 10.1902/jop.2015.140237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Jentsch HFR, Buchmann A, Friedrich A, Eick S. Nonsurgical therapy of chronic periodontitis with adjunctive systemic azithromycin or amoxicillin/metronidazole. Clin Oral Investig 2015; 20:1765-73. [PMID: 26685849 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-015-1683-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of the present study is to compare the effect of systemic adjunctive use of azithromycin with amoxicillin/metronidazole to scaling and root planing (SRP) in a clinical study. MATERIALS AND METHODS Data from 60 individuals with chronic periodontitis were evaluated after full-mouth SRP. Antibiotics were given from the first day of SRP, in the test group (n = 29), azithromycin for 3 days and, in the control group (n = 31), amoxicillin/metronidazole for7 days. Probing depth (PD), attachment level (AL), and bleeding on probing (BOP) were recorded at baseline and after 3 and 12 months. Gingival crevicular fluid was analyzed for matrix metalloprotease (MMP)-8 and interleukin (IL)-1beta levels. Subgingival plaque was taken for assessment of the major bacteria associated with periodontitis. RESULTS In both groups, PD, AL, and BOP were significantly reduced (p < 0.001). A few significant differences between the groups were found; AL and BOP were significantly better in the test than in the control group at the end of the study (p = 0.020 and 0.009). Periodontopathogens were reduced most in the test group. CONCLUSIONS A noninferiority of the treatment with azithromycin in comparison with amoxicillin/metronidazole can be stated. The administration of azithromycin could be an alternative to the use of amoxicillin/metronidazole adjunctive to SRP in patients with moderate or severe chronic periodontitis; however, a randomized placebo-controlled multicenter study is needed. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Application of azithromycin as a single antibiotic for 3 days might be considered as an additional adjunctive antibiotic to SRP in selected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holger F R Jentsch
- Centre for Periodontology, Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Periodontology, University Hospital of Leipzig, Liebigstr. 12, Haus 1, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
| | | | | | - Sigrun Eick
- Department of Periodontology, Laboratory of Oral Microbiology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Bernasconi L, Ramenzoni LL, Al-Majid A, Tini GM, Graber SM, Schmidlin PR, Irani S. Elevated Matrix Metalloproteinase Levels in Bronchi Infected with Periodontopathogenic Bacteria. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0144461. [PMID: 26656474 PMCID: PMC4681451 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To determine whether bronchial colonisations/infections with periodontopathogenic bacteria are associated with elevated inflammatory markers such as MMPs, interleukins and Tumor necrosis factor alpha in the bronchial fluid. Methods Periodontal status was assessed in consecutive outpatients planned for elective bronchoscopies, and PCR for periodontopathogenic bacteria was performed from a protected specimen brush sample taken from the bronchial mucosa. Additionally, MMPs, interleukins and Tumor necrosis factor alpha were measured in the bronchial fluid. Results Out of the four species assessed, one species was found in 13 of 91 (14%) patients, and two in 12 (13%), three in 13 (14%) and all four in 1 (1%) patient, respectively. In multiple linear regression models the presence of Treponema denticola showed a consistent pattern of positive effects in bronchial fluid (Bonferroni adjusted p-values) on the levels of MMP9 (p adj.: 0.028) and MMP12 (p adj.: 0.029). Active smoking was independently associated with increased levels of aMMP8 (p adj.: 0.005) and MMP9 (p adj.: 0.009). Levels of IL-1 ß, IL-8 and Tumor necrosis factor alpha measured in the bronchial fluid were not affected by the presence of periodontopathogenic bacteria. Conclusions Bronchial colonisation/infection with Treponema denticola and smoking are independently associated with elevated MMPs (MMP9/MMP12 and MMP8/MMP9, respectively) in the bronchial fluid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Bernasconi
- Centre for Laboratory Medicine, Cantonal Hospital Aarau, Tellstrasse, CH-5001 Aarau, Switzerland
| | - Liza L. Ramenzoni
- Clinic of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology, and Cariology, Center for Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Plattenstrasse 11, CH-8032 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ahmed Al-Majid
- Clinic of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology, and Cariology, Center for Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Plattenstrasse 11, CH-8032 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gabrielo M. Tini
- Clinic of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Cantonal Hospital Aarau, Tellstrasse, CH-5001 Aarau, Switzerland
| | - Sereina M. Graber
- Anthropological Institute and Museum, University of Zürich-Irchel, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Patrick R. Schmidlin
- Clinic of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology, and Cariology, Center for Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Plattenstrasse 11, CH-8032 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sarosh Irani
- Clinic of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Cantonal Hospital Aarau, Tellstrasse, CH-5001 Aarau, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
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Laugisch O, Wong A, Sroka A, Kantyka T, Koziel J, Neuhaus K, Sculean A, Venables PJ, Potempa J, Möller B, Eick S. Citrullination in the periodontium--a possible link between periodontitis and rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Oral Investig 2015; 20:675-83. [PMID: 26264638 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-015-1556-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the present study was to assess human and bacterial peptidylarginine deiminase (PAD) activity in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) in the context of serum levels of antibodies against citrullinated epitopes in rheumatoid arthritis and periodontitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Human PAD and Porphyromonas gingivalis-derived enzyme (PPAD) activities were measured in the GCF of 52 rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients (48 with periodontitis and 4 without) and 44 non-RA controls (28 with periodontitis and 16 without). Serum antibodies against citrullinated epitopes were measured by ELISA. Bacteria being associated with periodontitis were determined by nucleic-acid-based methods. RESULTS Citrullination was present in 26 (50%) RA patients and 23 (48%) controls. PAD and PPAD activities were detected in 36 (69%) and 30 (58%) RA patients, respectively, and in 30 (68%) and 21 (50%) controls, respectively. PPAD activity was higher in RA and non-RA patients with periodontitis than in those without (p = 0.038; p = 0.004), and was detected in 35 of 59 P. gingivalis-positive samples, and in 16 of 37 P. gingivalis-negative samples in association with high antibody levels against that species. CONCLUSIONS PAD and PPAD activities within the periodontium are elevated in RA and non-RA patients with periodontitis. PPAD secreted by P. gingivalis residing in epithelial cells may exert its citrullinating activity in distant regions of the periodontium or even distant tissues. CLINICAL RELEVANCE In periodontitis, the citrullination of proteins/peptides by human and bacterial peptidylarginine deiminases may generate antibodies after breaching immunotolerance in susceptible individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Laugisch
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, CH-3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Alicia Wong
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Aneta Sroka
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Tomasz Kantyka
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
- Malopolska Center of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Joanna Koziel
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Klaus Neuhaus
- Department of Preventive, Restorative and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Anton Sculean
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, CH-3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Patrick J Venables
- Kennedy Institute, Nuffield Dept of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7FY, UK
| | - Jan Potempa
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
- Malopolska Center of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Burkhard Möller
- Department of Rheumatology, Clinical Immunology and Allergology, University Hospital of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sigrun Eick
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, CH-3010, Bern, Switzerland.
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Imamura K, Takayama S, Saito A, Inoue E, Nakayama Y, Ogata Y, Shirakawa S, Nagano T, Gomi K, Morozumi T, Akiishi K, Watanabe K, Yoshie H. Evaluation of a novel immunochromatographic device for rapid and accurate clinical detection of Porphyromonas gingivalis in subgingival plaque. J Microbiol Methods 2015; 117:4-10. [PMID: 26159910 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2015.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Revised: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED An important goal for the improved diagnosis and management of infectious and inflammatory diseases, such as periodontitis, is the development of rapid and accurate technologies for the decentralized detection of bacterial pathogens. The aim of this prospective multicenter study was to evaluate the clinical use of a novel immunochromatographic device with monoclonal antibodies for the rapid point-of-care detection and semi-quantification of Porphyromonas gingivalis in subgingival plaque. Sixty-three patients with chronic periodontitis and 28 periodontally healthy volunteers were subjected to clinical and microbiological examinations. Subgingival plaque samples were analyzed for the presence of P. gingivalis using a novel immunochromatography based device DK13-PG-001, designed to detect the 40k-outer membrane protein of P. gingivalis, and compared with a PCR-Invader method. In the periodontitis group, a significant strong positive correlation in detection results was found between the test device score and the PCR-Invader method (Spearman rank correlation, r=0.737, p<0.0001). The sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of the test device were 96.2%, 91.8%, 90.4% and 96.7%, respectively. The detection threshold of the test device was determined to be approximately 10(4) (per two paper points). There were significant differences in the bacterial counts by the PCR-Invader method among groups with different ranges of device scores. With a cut-off value of ≥0.25 in device score, none of periodontally healthy volunteers were tested positive for the subgingival presence of P. gingivalis, whereas 76% (n=48) of periodontitis subjects were tested positive. There was a significant positive correlation between device scores for P. gingivalis and periodontal parameters including probing pocket depth and clinical attachment level (r=0.317 and 0.281, respectively, p<0.01). The results suggested that the DK13-PG-001 device kit can be effectively used for rapid, chair-side detection and semi-quantification of P. gingivalis in subgingival plaque. TRIAL REGISTRATION UMIN Clinical Trials Registry (UMIN-CTR) UMIN000011943.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Imamura
- Department of Periodontology, Tokyo Dental College, 2-9-18 Misaki-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0061, Japan
| | - S Takayama
- Department of Periodontology, Tokyo Dental College, 2-9-18 Misaki-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0061, Japan
| | - A Saito
- Department of Periodontology, Tokyo Dental College, 2-9-18 Misaki-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0061, Japan.
| | - E Inoue
- Department of Periodontology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, 2-870-1 Sakaecho-nishi, Matsudo, Chiba 271-8587, Japan
| | - Y Nakayama
- Department of Periodontology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, 2-870-1 Sakaecho-nishi, Matsudo, Chiba 271-8587, Japan
| | - Y Ogata
- Department of Periodontology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, 2-870-1 Sakaecho-nishi, Matsudo, Chiba 271-8587, Japan
| | - S Shirakawa
- Department of Periodontology, Tsurumi University, School of Dental Medicine, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-8501, Japan
| | - T Nagano
- Department of Periodontology, Tsurumi University, School of Dental Medicine, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-8501, Japan
| | - K Gomi
- Department of Periodontology, Tsurumi University, School of Dental Medicine, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-8501, Japan
| | - T Morozumi
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Biological Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 2-5274 Gakkocho-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8514, Japan
| | - K Akiishi
- Reagent R&D Department, Denka Seiken Co., Ltd., 1359-1, Kagamida, Kigoshi, Gosen-shi, Niigata 959-1695, Japan
| | - K Watanabe
- Showa Yakuhin Kako Co., Ltd, 4-12-15-19F Ginza, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0061, Japan
| | - H Yoshie
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Biological Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 2-5274 Gakkocho-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8514, Japan
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Schmidlin PR, Fachinger P, Tini G, Graber S, Seifert B, Dombrowa S, Irani S. Shared microbiome in gums and the lung in an outpatient population. J Infect 2014; 70:255-63. [PMID: 25445885 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2014.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2014] [Revised: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 10/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Whether periopathogenic bacteria occur in the lung and gums simultaneously and what impact periodontitis has is unknown. METHODS In consecutive outpatients scheduled for bronchoscopies we performed a periodontal screening index. PCR to determine four periopathogens and seven less pathogenic species in both the periodontal pocket and bronchial protected specimen brush was used. Activated MMP8 in saliva and bronchial fluid was measured. RESULTS Periopathogens were detectable in gums and in the bronchial protected specimen brush in 75 (80%) and 27 (30%) of the cases, respectively. The concentration of activated MMP 8 was above 40 ng/ml in the saliva and in the bronchial fluid sample in six and 31 subjects, respectively. Significant agreement between the periodontal and bronchial compartment was found in three out of the four periopathogens. Patients with periopathogens in the lung suffered from periodontitis more frequently (p = 0.01). In patients with periopathogens detectable in the lung the concentration of aMMP8 tends to be more frequently above 40 ng/ml in the bronchial fluid (p = 0.09). CONCLUSIONS Agreement between periodontal and bronchial microbiome is more distinct for periopathogens than for less pathogenic species. Periodontitis itself represents a risk factor for pulmonary colonization with certain periopathogens. Pulmonary colonization with periopathogens seems to be associated with increased local inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick R Schmidlin
- Clinic of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology, and Cariology, Center for Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Plattenstrasse 11, Zurich CH-8032, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Fachinger
- Clinic of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Cantonal Hospital Aarau, Tellstrasse, Aarau CH-5001, Switzerland
| | - Gabrielo Tini
- Clinic of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Cantonal Hospital Aarau, Tellstrasse, Aarau CH-5001, Switzerland
| | - Sereina Graber
- Division of Biostatistics, Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Zurich, Hirschengraben 84, Zurich CH-8001, Switzerland
| | - Burkhardt Seifert
- Division of Biostatistics, Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Zurich, Hirschengraben 84, Zurich CH-8001, Switzerland
| | - Sylke Dombrowa
- Hain Lifescience, Hardwiesenstrasse 1, Nehren D-72147, Germany
| | - Sarosh Irani
- Clinic of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Cantonal Hospital Aarau, Tellstrasse, Aarau CH-5001, Switzerland.
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Eick S, Puklo M, Adamowicz K, Kantyka T, Hiemstra P, Stennicke H, Guentsch A, Schacher B, Eickholz P, Potempa J. Lack of cathelicidin processing in Papillon-Lefèvre syndrome patients reveals essential role of LL-37 in periodontal homeostasis. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2014; 9:148. [PMID: 25260376 PMCID: PMC4181722 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-014-0148-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Loss-of-function point mutations in the cathepsin C gene are the underlying genetic event in patients with Papillon-Lefèvre syndrome (PLS). PLS neutrophils lack serine protease activity essential for cathelicidin LL-37 generation from hCAP18 precursor. Aim We hypothesized that a local deficiency of LL-37 in the infected periodontium is mainly responsible for one of the clinical hallmark of PLS: severe periodontitis already in early childhood. Methods To confirm this effect, we compared the level of neutrophil-derived enzymes and antimicrobial peptides in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and saliva from PLS, aggressive and chronic periodontitis patients. Results Although neutrophil numbers in GCF were present at the same level in all periodontitis groups, LL-37 was totally absent in GCF from PLS patients despite the large amounts of its precursor, hCAP18. The absence of LL-37 in PLS patients coincided with the deficiency of both cathepsin C and protease 3 activities. The presence of other neutrophilic anti-microbial peptides in GCF from PLS patients, such as alpha-defensins, were comparable to that found in chronic periodontitis. In PLS microbial analysis revealed a high prevalence of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans infection. Most strains were susceptible to killing by LL-37. Conclusions Collectively, these findings imply that the lack of protease 3 activation by dysfunctional cathepsin C in PLS patients leads to the deficit of antimicrobial and immunomodulatory functions of LL-37 in the gingiva, allowing for infection with A. actinomycetemcomitans and the development of severe periodontal disease. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13023-014-0148-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Yang NY, Zhang Q, Li JL, Yang SH, Shi Q. Progression of periodontal inflammation in adolescents is associated with increased number of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Tannerella forsythensis, and Fusobacterium nucleatum. Int J Paediatr Dent 2014; 24:226-33. [PMID: 24025042 DOI: 10.1111/ipd.12065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study aims to evaluate the change of related subgingival periodontopathogens among different stage of gingivitis in adolescent and assess the relationship between periodontopathogens and the progression of periodontal inflammation. METHODS A total of 77 subgingival plaque samples from 35 adolescent individuals were divided into three groups including gingivitis group (mild, 15 samples; moderate, 16 samples; severe, 15 samples), chronic periodontitis group (15 samples) and healthy group (15 samples). Real-time PCR was used to quantitate Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Tannerella forsythensis, and Fusobacterium nucleatum in subgingival plaque samples. RESULTS All species, except for F. nucleatum, were detected in samples from gingivitis and periodontitis groups in significantly greater number than in those from healthy group (P < 0.05). In gingivitis groups, the number of P. gingivalis, T. forsythensis, and F. nucleatum in moderate and severe gingivitis groups was significantly higher than in mild gingivitis group (P < 0.05). After merging moderate gingivitis and severe gingivitis groups into moderate-to-severe gingivitis group, the four periodontopathogens were detected in samples from periodontitis group in significantly greater number than in those from moderate-to-severe gingivitis group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION The number of P. gingivalis, P. intermedia, T. forsythensis, and F. nucleatum in subgingival plaque increases with progression of periodontal inflammation in adolescents. Examination of periodontopathogens number in adolescents may be of some value for monitoring of periodontal disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning-Yan Yang
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China
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40
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Guentsch A, Pfister W, Cachovan G, Raschke G, Kuepper H, Schaefer O, Eick S. Oral prophylaxis and its effects on halitosis-associated and inflammatory parameters in patients with chronic periodontitis. Int J Dent Hyg 2013; 12:199-207. [PMID: 24314016 DOI: 10.1111/idh.12063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A controlled clinical trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of oral prophylaxis on halitosis-associated, immunological and microbiological parameters. METHODS Thirty subjects were included in this controlled clinical trial (patients with generalized chronic periodontitis and controls without clinical attachment loss; each n = 15). Before oral prophylaxis and 14 days after (including tongue cleaning) volatile sulphur compounds (VSC), organoleptic scores and a tongue coating index were evaluated. The levels of IL-1β, IL-8, IL-10 and MMP-8 were measured in GCF, and also major periodontal pathogens were detected. Data were statistically analysed using anova and paired t-test. RESULTS Supragingival plaque and calculus removal with combined tongue cleaning was able to reduce significantly (P < 0.05) the VSC values in both groups (no significant differences between both groups). Two weeks after periodontal debridement, the VSC values were observed in the periodontitis group, but not in the control group, similar to the baseline values. The difference between the groups was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Only a repeated prophylaxis session in the periodontitis group was able to reduce VSC values significantly in comparison with baseline (P < 0.05). Organoleptic scores (10 and 30 cm) were significantly different (P < 0.05) between both groups before and after the treatment. Periodontal pathogens and host-derived markers were not significantly affected by a single prophylaxis session. CONCLUSIONS Oral prophylaxis may result in a significant decrease in VSC values. However, in periodontal diseases, a more complex treatment seems to be necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Guentsch
- Policlinic of Prosthetic Dentistry and Material Science, Jena University Hospital - Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany; Marquette University School of Dentistry, Milwaukee, WI, USA
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Tsaousoglou P, Nietzsche S, Cachovan G, Sculean A, Eick S. Antibacterial activity of moxifloxacin on bacteria associated with periodontitis within a biofilm. J Med Microbiol 2013; 63:284-292. [PMID: 24217128 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.065441-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The activity of moxifloxacin was compared with ofloxacin and doxycycline against bacteria associated with periodontitis within a biofilm (single strain and mixed population) in vitro. MICs and minimal bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) of moxifloxacin, ofloxacin and doxycyline were determined against single strains and mixed populations in a planktonic state. Single-species biofilms of two Porphyromonas gingivalis and two Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans strains and a multispecies biofilm consisting of 12 species were formed for 3 days. The minimal biofilm eradication concentrations (MBECs) were determined after exposing the biofilms to the antibacterials (0.002-512 µg ml(-1)) for 18 h, addition of nutrient broth for 3 days and subsequent subcultivation. Photographs were taken using confocal laser-scanning microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The MICs and MBCs did not differ between ofloxacin and moxifloxacin against A. actinomycetemcomitans, whilst moxifloxacin was more active than the other tested antibacterials against anaerobes and the mixed population. The single-species biofilms were eradicated by moderate concentrations of the antibacterials, and the lowest MBECs were always found for moxifloxacin (2-8 µg ml(-1)). MBECs against the multispecies biofilms were 128, >512 and >512 µg ml(-1) for moxifloxacin, ofloxacin and doxycycline, respectively. In summary, moxifloxacin in a topical formulation may have potential as an adjunct to mechanical removal of the biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phoebus Tsaousoglou
- School of Dental Medicine, Department of Periodontology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sandor Nietzsche
- Department of Electron Microscopy, University Hospital of Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Georg Cachovan
- Department of Restorative and Preventive Dentistry, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anton Sculean
- School of Dental Medicine, Department of Periodontology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sigrun Eick
- School of Dental Medicine, Department of Periodontology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Haririan H, Andrukhov O, Bertl K, Lettner S, Kierstein S, Moritz A, Rausch-Fan X. Microbial analysis of subgingival plaque samples compared to that of whole saliva in patients with periodontitis. J Periodontol 2013; 85:819-28. [PMID: 24144271 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2013.130306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The detection of special bacterial species in patients with periodontitis is considered to be useful for clinical diagnosis and treatment. The collection of subgingival plaque samples is the common way for the determination of periodontopathic bacteria. However, recently, salivary analysis has been discussed as an advantageous future diagnostic method for periodontitis because it offers simple quantitative sampling and the possibility to assess various bacteria. The aim of this cross-sectional study is to investigate whether there is a correlation between the results of different bacterial species in saliva and subgingival plaque samples from individuals with aggressive periodontitis (AgP) and chronic periodontitis (CP). METHODS Whole saliva and subgingival plaque samples from the deepest pocket of each quadrant were collected from 43 patients with CP and 33 patients with AgP. Twenty different bacterial species from both samplings were determined by the 16S ribosomal RNA-based polymerase chain reaction with microarray technique. RESULTS All bacterial species were detected in salivary and subgingival plaque samples. For Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, and Tannerella forsythia, as well as Actinomyces viscosus, Campylobacter rectus/showae, Prevotella intermedia, Parvimonas micra, Eubacterium nodatum, and Campylobacter gracilis, a significant positive correlation between salivary and subgingival plaque samples was detected in patients with both types of periodontitis. There were no significant differences in bacteria in salivary and subgingival plaque samples between AgP and CP. CONCLUSION Salivary analysis might be discussed as a potential alternative to subgingival plaque sampling for microbiologic analysis in both AgP and CP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hady Haririan
- Division of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, Bernhard Gottlieb School of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Bertl K, Zatorska B, Leonhard M, Rechenmacher-Strauss J, Roesner I, Schneider-Stickler B. Oral microbial colonization in laryngectomized patients as a possible cofactor of biofilm formation on their voice prostheses. J Clin Periodontol 2013; 40:833-40. [DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Bertl
- Division of Oral Surgery; Bernhard Gottlieb School of Dentistry; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - Beata Zatorska
- Division of Phoniatrics-Logopedics; Department of Otorhinolaryngology; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - Matthias Leonhard
- Division of Phoniatrics-Logopedics; Department of Otorhinolaryngology; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - Julia Rechenmacher-Strauss
- Division of Phoniatrics-Logopedics; Department of Otorhinolaryngology; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - Imme Roesner
- Division of Phoniatrics-Logopedics; Department of Otorhinolaryngology; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - Berit Schneider-Stickler
- Division of Phoniatrics-Logopedics; Department of Otorhinolaryngology; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
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Eick S, Renatus A, Heinicke M, Pfister W, Stratul SI, Jentsch H. Hyaluronic Acid as an Adjunct After Scaling and Root Planing: A Prospective Randomized Clinical Trial. J Periodontol 2013; 84:941-9. [DOI: 10.1902/jop.2012.120269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Periodontopathogen profile of healthy and oral lichen planus patients with gingivitis or periodontitis. Int J Oral Sci 2013; 5:92-7. [PMID: 23743616 PMCID: PMC3707073 DOI: 10.1038/ijos.2013.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2012] [Accepted: 04/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic inflammatory disease that is frequently detected in oral tissues. The aim of our study was to identify the prevalence of the detection of periodontopathogenic microorganisms (Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Tannerella forsythia and Treponema denticola in OLP patients and to compare with this prevalence of periodontopathogenic microorganisms in healthy non-OLP patients. Our study included 27 (18 chronic periodontitis (OLPP) and 9 gingivitis (OLPG)) patients diagnosed with OLP along with 26 (13 chronic periodontitis (HP) and 13 gingivitis (HG)) healthy non-OLP patients. The multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with subsequent reverse hybridization method (micro-IDent) was used for identifying periodontopathogenic microorganisms present in subgingival plaque samples. The percentages of detection for A. actinomycetemcomitans, P. gingivalis, P. intermedia, T. forsythia and T. denticola in subgingival plaque samples taken from OLP patients (OLPG and OLPP) were 18.5%, 85.1%, 81.4%, 88.8% and 74%, respectively. Meanwhile, in the non-OLP patients (HG and HP), these values were 7.6%, 50%, 46.1%, 73% and 57.7%, respectively. Thus, comparing the non-OLP groups with the OLP groups, the periodontopathogens' percentages of detection in the OLP groups were higher than those in the non-OLP groups. According to our study results, OLP patients have higher levels of infection with A. actinomycetemcomitans, P. gingivalis, P. intermedia, T. forsythia and T. denticola than non-OLP patients. We argue that the high percentages in patients with OLP may help identify the importance of periodontopathogenic microorganisms in the progress of periodontal diseases of OLP.
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Bassetti M, Schär D, Wicki B, Eick S, Ramseier CA, Arweiler NB, Sculean A, Salvi GE. Anti-infective therapy of peri-implantitis with adjunctive local drug delivery or photodynamic therapy: 12-month outcomes of a randomized controlled clinical trial. Clin Oral Implants Res 2013; 25:279-287. [DOI: 10.1111/clr.12155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mario Bassetti
- Department of Periodontology; School of Dental Medicine; University of Bern; Bern Switzerland
| | - Dorothee Schär
- Department of Periodontology; School of Dental Medicine; University of Bern; Bern Switzerland
| | - Beat Wicki
- Department of Periodontology; School of Dental Medicine; University of Bern; Bern Switzerland
| | - Sigrun Eick
- Department of Periodontology; School of Dental Medicine; University of Bern; Bern Switzerland
| | - Christoph A. Ramseier
- Department of Periodontology; School of Dental Medicine; University of Bern; Bern Switzerland
| | | | - Anton Sculean
- Department of Periodontology; School of Dental Medicine; University of Bern; Bern Switzerland
| | - Giovanni E. Salvi
- Department of Periodontology; School of Dental Medicine; University of Bern; Bern Switzerland
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Nogueira AVB, Nokhbehsaim M, Eick S, Bourauel C, Jäger A, Jepsen S, Cirelli JA, Deschner J. Regulation of visfatin by microbial and biomechanical signals in PDL cells. Clin Oral Investig 2013; 18:171-8. [PMID: 23404558 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-013-0935-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2012] [Accepted: 01/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This in vitro study was established to examine whether visfatin thought to be a link between periodontitis and obesity is produced by periodontal ligament (PDL) cells and, if so, whether its synthesis is modulated by microbial and/or biomechanical signals. MATERIALS AND METHODS PDL cells seeded on BioFlex® plates were exposed to the oral pathogen Fusobacterium nucleatum ATCC 25586 and/or subjected to biomechanical strain for up to 3 days. Gene expression of visfatin and toll-like receptors (TLR) 2 and 4 was analyzed by RT-PCR, visfatin protein synthesis by ELISA and immunocytochemistry, and NFκB nuclear translocation by immunofluorescence. RESULTS F. nucleatum upregulated the visfatin expression in a dose- and time-dependent fashion. Preincubation with neutralizing antibodies against TLR2 and TLR4 caused a significant inhibition of the F. nucleatum-upregulated visfatin expression at 1 day. F. nucleatum stimulated the NFκB nuclear translocation. Biomechanical loading reduced the stimulatory effects of F. nucleatum on visfatin expression at 1 and 3 days and also abrogated the F. nucleatum-induced NFκB nuclear translocation at 60 min. Biomechanical loading inhibited significantly the expression of TLR2 and TLR4 at 3 days. The regulatory effects of F. nucleatum and/or biomechanical loading on visfatin expression were also observed at protein level. CONCLUSIONS PDL cells produce visfatin, and this production is enhanced by F. nucleatum. Biomechanical loading seems to be protective against the effects of F. nucleatum on visfatin expression. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Visfatin produced by periodontal tissues could play a major role in the pathogenesis of periodontitis and the interactions with obesity and other systemic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andressa Vilas Boas Nogueira
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, Univ Estadual Paulista -- UNESP, Araraquara, Brazil
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Guentsch A, Hirsch C, Pfister W, Vincents B, Abrahamson M, Sroka A, Potempa J, Eick S. Cleavage of IgG1 in gingival crevicular fluid is associated with the presence of Porphyromonas gingivalis. J Periodontal Res 2012; 48:458-65. [PMID: 23116446 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/26/2012] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Immunoglobulin (Ig) G1 plays an important role in the adaptive immune response. Kgp, a lysine-specific cysteine protease from Porphyromonas gingivalis, specifically hydrolyses IgG1 heavy chains. The purpose of this study was to examine whether cleavage of IgG1 occurs in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) in vivo, and whether there is any association with the presence of Porphyromonas gingivalis and other periodontopathogens. MATERIAL AND METHODS GCF was obtained from nine patients with aggressive periodontitis, nine with chronic periodontitis and five periodontally healthy individuals. The bacterial loads of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Treponema denticola, Prevotella intermedia and Tannerella forsythia were analysed by real-time polymerase chain reaction, and the presence and cleavage of IgG1 and IgG2 were determined using Western blotting. Kgp levels were measured by ELISA. RESULTS Cleaved IgG1 was identified in the GCF from 67% of patients with aggressive periodontitis and in 44% of patients with chronic periodontitis. By contrast, no cleaved IgG1 was detectable in healthy controls. No degradation of IgG2 was detected in any of the samples, regardless of health status. Porphyromonas gingivalis was found in high numbers in all samples in which cleavage of IgG1 was detected (P < 0.001 compared with samples with no IgG cleavage). Furthermore, high numbers of Tannerella forsythia and Prevotella intermedia were also present in these samples. The level of Kgp in the GCF correlated with the load of Porphyromonas gingivalis (r = 0.425, P < 0.01). The presence of Kgp (range 0.07-10.98 ng/mL) was associated with proteolytic fragments of IgG1 (P < 0.001). However, cleaved IgG1 was also detected in samples with no detectable Kgp. CONCLUSION In patients with periodontitis, cleavage of IgG1 occurs in vivo and may suppress antibody-dependent antibacterial activity in subgingival biofilms especially those colonized by Porphyromonas gingivalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Guentsch
- Center of Dental Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.
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Giannelli M, Bani D, Viti C, Tani A, Lorenzini L, Zecchi-Orlandini S, Formigli L. Comparative evaluation of the effects of different photoablative laser irradiation protocols on the gingiva of periodontopathic patients. Photomed Laser Surg 2012; 30:222-30. [PMID: 22401128 DOI: 10.1089/pho.2011.3172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed at quantifying the presence of periodontopathogens in gingival biopsies from periodontitis patients treated with different photoablative lasers (diode GaAs, Er:YAG, Nd:YAG, and CO(2) lasers) and histologically analyzing their effects on the gingiva. BACKGROUND DATA Substantial evidence indicates that intracellular location of periodontal bacteria in the gingival epithelium may contribute to chronic periodontitis. METHODS Sixteen adult subjects with chronic periodontitis were subjected to conventional scaling/root planing and topical chlorhexidine, and immediately laser-irradiated on the inner and outer free gingiva. Small gingival biopsies were subjected to real-time polymerase chain reaction and cytofluorescence to identify periodontopathogens; tissue damage and endothelial ICAM-1 expression were assessed by histological and immunofluorescence analyses. RESULTS High DNA levels of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Treponema denticola, Prevotella intermedia, and Ekenella corrodens, were detected in all samples. Nd:YAG and diode lasers were capable of eradicating periodontopathogenic bacteria endowed within gingival epithelial cells outside periodontal pockets, without causing connective tissue damage and microvessel rupture. They also reduced ICAM-1 immunolabelling by the vascular endothelium. Conversely, Er:YAG lasers induced marked microvessel rupture and bleeding and failed to completely and selectively ablate the infected gingival epithelium, whereas CO(2) laser caused heat-induced coagulation of the lamina propria. CONCLUSIONS This study indicates that periodontopathogens can persist within cells outside the pocket epithelium, despite conventional periodontal treatment. Nd:YAG and diode lasers are able to eradicate intra- and extracellular bacteria from these sites, suggesting that they can be considered suitable devices to improve the clinical outcome of periodontal disease.
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Eick S, Pietkiewicz M, Sculean A. Oral microbiota in Swiss adolescents. Clin Oral Investig 2012; 17:79-86. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-012-0696-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2011] [Accepted: 02/13/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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