1
|
Wybitul M, Buchmann A, Langer N, Hock C, Treyer V, Gietl A. Trajectories of amyloid beta accumulation - Unveiling the relationship with APOE genotype and cognitive decline. Neurobiol Aging 2024; 139:44-53. [PMID: 38593527 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2024.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Amyloid beta (Aβ) follows a sigmoidal time function with varying accumulation rates. We studied how the position on this function, reflected by different Aβ accumulation phases, influences APOE ɛ4's association with Aβ and cognitive decline in 503 participants without dementia using Aβ-PET imaging over 5.3-years. First, Aβ load and accumulation were analyzed irrespective of phases using linear mixed regression. Generally, ɛ4 carriers displayed a higher Aβ load. Moreover, Aβ normal (Aβ-) ɛ4 carriers demonstrated higher accumulation. Next, we categorized accumulation phases as "decrease", "stable", or "increase" based on trajectory shapes. After excluding the Aβ-/decrease participants from the initial regression, the difference in accumulation attributable to genotype among Aβ- individuals was no longer significant. Further analysis revealed that in increase phases, Aβ accumulation was higher among noncarriers, indicating a genotype-related timeline shift. Finally, cognitive decline was analyzed across phases and was already evident in the Aβ-/increase phase. Our results encourage early interventions for ɛ4 carriers and imply that monitoring accumulating Aβ- individuals might help identify those at risk for cognitive decline.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maha Wybitul
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Schlieren 8952, Switzerland; Department of Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Zurich, Zurich 8050, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Buchmann
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Schlieren 8952, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Langer
- Methods of Plasticity Research, Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich 8050, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Hock
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Schlieren 8952, Switzerland; Neurimmune, Schlieren 8952, Switzerland
| | - Valerie Treyer
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Schlieren 8952, Switzerland; Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich 8091, Switzerland.
| | - Anton Gietl
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Schlieren 8952, Switzerland; University Hospital for Geriatric Psychiatry, Zurich 8008, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Queissner R, Buchmann A, Demjaha R, Tafrali C, Benkert P, Kuhle J, Jerkovic A, Dalkner N, Fellendorf F, Birner A, Platzer M, Tmava-Berisha A, Maget A, Stross T, Lenger M, Häussl A, Khalil M, Reininghaus E. Serum neurofilament light as a potential marker of illness duration in bipolar disorder. J Affect Disord 2024; 350:366-371. [PMID: 38215991 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.01.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Investigation on specific biomarkers for diagnostic or prognostic usage in mental diseases and especially bipolar disorder BD seems to be one outstanding field in current research. Serum neurofilament light (sNfL), a marker for neuro-axonal injury, is increased in various acute and chronic neurological disorders, but also neuro-psychiatric conditions, including affective disorders. The aim of our study was to determine a potential relation between a neuron-specific marker like sNfL and different clinical states of BD. METHODS In the current investigation, 51 patients with BD and 35 HC were included. Mood ratings with the Hamilton depression scale (HAMD) and the Young mania rating scale (YMRS) have been included. Illness duration was defined as the period from the time of diagnosis out of self-report and medical records. sNFL was quantified by a commercial ultrasensitive single molecule array (Simoa). RESULTS There was a significant positive correlation between the number of manic episodes in the past and sNfL, controlled for age and duration of illness. (R = 0.49, p = 0.03) Depressive episodes were not associated to sNfL values. (R = 0.311, p = n.s.) Patients with >3 years of illness duration showed significantly higher levels of sNfL (M18.59; SD 11.89) than patients with shorter illness duration (M = 12.38, p = 0.03) and HC (M = 11.35, p = 0.02). Patients with <3 years of illness and HC did not differ significantly in sNfL levels. DISCUSSION Interestingly, individuals with BD and HC did not differ in sNFL levels in general. Nevertheless, looking at the BD cohort more specifically, we found that individuals with BD with longer duration of illness (>3 years) had higher levels of sNfL than those with an illness duration below 3 years. Our results confirm previous reports on the relation of neuro-axonal injury as evidenced by sNfL and illness specific variables in bipolar disorder. Further studies are needed to clarify if sNfL may predict the disease course and/or indicated response to treatment regimes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Queissner
- Medical University of Graz, Department for Psychiatry, Austria
| | - A Buchmann
- Medical University of Graz, Department for Neurology, Austria
| | - R Demjaha
- Medical University of Graz, Department for Neurology, Austria
| | - C Tafrali
- Medical University of Graz, Department for Neurology, Austria
| | - P Benkert
- Multiple Sclerosis Centre and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience (RC2NB), Departments of Biomedicine and Clinical Research, University Hospital and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - J Kuhle
- Multiple Sclerosis Centre and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience (RC2NB), Departments of Biomedicine and Clinical Research, University Hospital and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - A Jerkovic
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Austria
| | - N Dalkner
- Medical University of Graz, Department for Psychiatry, Austria
| | - F Fellendorf
- Medical University of Graz, Department for Psychiatry, Austria
| | - A Birner
- Medical University of Graz, Department for Psychiatry, Austria
| | - M Platzer
- Medical University of Graz, Department for Psychiatry, Austria
| | - A Tmava-Berisha
- Medical University of Graz, Department for Psychiatry, Austria
| | - A Maget
- Medical University of Graz, Department for Psychiatry, Austria
| | - T Stross
- Medical University of Graz, Department for Psychiatry, Austria
| | - M Lenger
- Medical University of Graz, Department for Psychiatry, Austria
| | - A Häussl
- Medical University of Graz, Department for Psychiatry, Austria
| | - M Khalil
- Medical University of Graz, Department for Neurology, Austria.
| | - E Reininghaus
- Medical University of Graz, Department for Psychiatry, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Bachmann D, von Rickenbach B, Buchmann A, Hüllner M, Zuber I, Studer S, Saake A, Rauen K, Gruber E, Nitsch RM, Hock C, Treyer V, Gietl A. White matter hyperintensity patterns: associations with comorbidities, amyloid, and cognition. Alzheimers Res Ther 2024; 16:67. [PMID: 38561806 PMCID: PMC10983708 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-024-01435-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND White matter hyperintensities (WMHs) are often measured globally, but spatial patterns of WMHs could underlie different risk factors and neuropathological and clinical correlates. We investigated the spatial heterogeneity of WMHs and their association with comorbidities, Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk factors, and cognition. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, we studied 171 cognitively unimpaired (CU; median age: 65 years, range: 50 to 89) and 51 mildly cognitively impaired (MCI; median age: 72, range: 53 to 89) individuals with available amyloid (18F-flutementamol) PET and FLAIR-weighted images. Comorbidities were assessed using the Cumulative Illness Rating Scale (CIRS). Each participant's white matter was segmented into 38 parcels, and WMH volume was calculated in each parcel. Correlated principal component analysis was applied to the parceled WMH data to determine patterns of WMH covariation. Adjusted and unadjusted linear regression models were used to investigate associations of component scores with comorbidities and AD-related factors. Using multiple linear regression, we tested whether WMH component scores predicted cognitive performance. RESULTS Principal component analysis identified four WMH components that broadly describe FLAIR signal hyperintensities in posterior, periventricular, and deep white matter regions, as well as basal ganglia and thalamic structures. In CU individuals, hypertension was associated with all patterns except the periventricular component. MCI individuals showed more diverse associations. The posterior and deep components were associated with renal disorders, the periventricular component was associated with increased amyloid, and the subcortical gray matter structures was associated with sleep disorders, endocrine/metabolic disorders, and increased amyloid. In the combined sample (CU + MCI), the main effects of WMH components were not associated with cognition but predicted poorer episodic memory performance in the presence of increased amyloid. No interaction between hypertension and the number of comorbidities on component scores was observed. CONCLUSION Our study underscores the significance of understanding the regional distribution patterns of WMHs and the valuable insights that risk factors can offer regarding their underlying causes. Moreover, patterns of hyperintensities in periventricular regions and deep gray matter structures may have more pronounced cognitive implications, especially when amyloid pathology is also present.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dario Bachmann
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Campus Schlieren, Wagistrasse 12, 8952, Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland.
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | | | - Andreas Buchmann
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Campus Schlieren, Wagistrasse 12, 8952, Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Martin Hüllner
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Isabelle Zuber
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Campus Schlieren, Wagistrasse 12, 8952, Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Sandro Studer
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Campus Schlieren, Wagistrasse 12, 8952, Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Antje Saake
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Campus Schlieren, Wagistrasse 12, 8952, Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Katrin Rauen
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Campus Schlieren, Wagistrasse 12, 8952, Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Psychiatric Hospital Zurich, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Esmeralda Gruber
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Campus Schlieren, Wagistrasse 12, 8952, Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Roger M Nitsch
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Campus Schlieren, Wagistrasse 12, 8952, Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
- Neurimmune AG, 8952, Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Hock
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Campus Schlieren, Wagistrasse 12, 8952, Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
- Neurimmune AG, 8952, Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Valerie Treyer
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Campus Schlieren, Wagistrasse 12, 8952, Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anton Gietl
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Campus Schlieren, Wagistrasse 12, 8952, Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Psychiatric Hospital Zurich, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Bachmann D, Buchmann A, Studer S, Saake A, Rauen K, Gruber E, Nitsch RM, Hock C, Gietl A, Treyer V. Explaining variability in early stages of [18F]-flortaucipir tau-PET binding: Focus on sex differences. Alzheimers Dement (Amst) 2024; 16:e12565. [PMID: 38463040 PMCID: PMC10921068 DOI: 10.1002/dad2.12565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Female sex is associated with increased [18F]-flortaucipir signal, which may be affected by amyloid pathology, age, and off-target binding in skull and meninges. METHODS In this cross-sectional study comprising 52 females and 52 matched males, we examined sex-related differences in regional tau-positron emission tomography (PET) with and without considering off-target binding. We assessed the respective contributions of sex, age, amyloid-PET burden, and off-target binding to tau-PET signal. We explored associations between age at menopause and hormone replacement therapy (HRT) use with regional tau-PET signals. RESULTS Female sex was associated with increased regional tau both independently and interactively with amyloid, but amyloid-independent associations were largely reduced when controlling for off-target binding. Age but not age*sex interactions explained a small but significant amount of tau-PET signal in temporoparietal regions. Considering the sample size and limited range of amyloid-PET burden, no clear associations between regional tau-PET signals and age at menopause or HRT use could be found. DISCUSSION Female sex is associated with increased [18F]-flortaucipir signal mainly through its interaction with amyloid.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dario Bachmann
- Institute for Regenerative MedicineUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
- Department of Health Sciences and TechnologyETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Andreas Buchmann
- Institute for Regenerative MedicineUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Sandro Studer
- Institute for Regenerative MedicineUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Antje Saake
- Institute for Regenerative MedicineUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Katrin Rauen
- Institute for Regenerative MedicineUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
- Department of Geriatric PsychiatryPsychiatric Hospital ZurichZurichSwitzerland
- Neuroscience Center ZurichUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Esmeralda Gruber
- Institute for Regenerative MedicineUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Roger M. Nitsch
- Institute for Regenerative MedicineUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
- NeurimmuneZurichSwitzerland
| | - Christoph Hock
- Institute for Regenerative MedicineUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
- NeurimmuneZurichSwitzerland
| | - Anton Gietl
- Institute for Regenerative MedicineUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
- Department of Geriatric PsychiatryPsychiatric Hospital ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Valerie Treyer
- Institute for Regenerative MedicineUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
- Department of Nuclear MedicineUniversity Hospital Zurich, University of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Tuura RO, Buchmann A, Ritter C, Hase A, Haynes M, Noeske R, Hasler G. Prefrontal Glutathione Levels in Major Depressive Disorder Are Linked to a Lack of Positive Affect. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1475. [PMID: 37891842 PMCID: PMC10605149 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13101475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is one of the most common neuropsychiatric disorders, with symptoms including persistent sadness and loss of interest. MDD is associated with neurochemical alterations in GABA, glutamate, and glutamine levels but, to date, few studies have examined changes in glutathione (GSH) in MDD. This study investigated changes in GSH in an unmedicated group of young adults, including 46 participants with current (n = 12) or past MDD (n = 34) and 20 healthy controls. Glutathione levels were assessed from GSH-edited magnetic resonance (MR) spectra, acquired from a voxel in the left prefrontal cortex, and depressive symptoms were evaluated with validated questionnaires and clinical assessments. Cortisol levels were also assessed as a marker for acute stress. Participants with current MDD demonstrated elevated GSH in comparison to participants with past MDD and controls, although the results could be influenced by differences in tissue composition within the MRS voxel. In addition, participants with both current and past MDD showed elevated cortisol levels in comparison to controls. No significant association was observed between GSH and cortisol levels, but elevated GSH levels were associated with a decrease in positive affect. These results demonstrate for the first time that elevated GSH in current but not past depression may reflect a state rather than a trait neurobiological change, related to a loss of positive affect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruth O’Gorman Tuura
- Center for MR Research, University Children’s Hospital, 8032 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Buchmann
- Center for MR Research, University Children’s Hospital, 8032 Zürich, Switzerland
- Psychiatry Research Unit, University of Fribourg, 1752 Villars-sur-Glâne, Switzerland
| | - Christopher Ritter
- Center for MR Research, University Children’s Hospital, 8032 Zürich, Switzerland
- Psychiatry Research Unit, University of Fribourg, 1752 Villars-sur-Glâne, Switzerland
| | - Adrian Hase
- Center for MR Research, University Children’s Hospital, 8032 Zürich, Switzerland
- Psychiatry Research Unit, University of Fribourg, 1752 Villars-sur-Glâne, Switzerland
| | - Melanie Haynes
- Translational Research Center, University Hospital of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Gregor Hasler
- Psychiatry Research Unit, University of Fribourg, 1752 Villars-sur-Glâne, Switzerland
- Translational Research Center, University Hospital of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Bachmann D, Buchmann A, Studer S, Saake A, Rauen K, Zuber I, Gruber E, Nitsch RM, Hock C, Gietl A, Treyer V. Age-, sex-, and pathology-related variability in brain structure and cognition. Transl Psychiatry 2023; 13:278. [PMID: 37574523 PMCID: PMC10423720 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-023-02572-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This work aimed to investigate potential pathways linking age and imaging measures to early age- and pathology-related changes in cognition. We used [18F]-Flutemetamol (amyloid) and [18F]-Flortaucipir (tau) positron emission tomography (PET), structural MRI, and neuropsychological assessment from 232 elderly individuals aged 50-89 years (46.1% women, 23% APOE-ε4 carrier, 23.3% MCI). Tau-PET was available for a subsample of 93 individuals. Structural equation models were used to evaluate cross-sectional pathways between age, amyloid and tau burden, grey matter thickness and volumes, white matter hyperintensity volume, lateral ventricle volume, and cognition. Our results show that age is associated with worse outcomes in most of the measures examined and had similar negative effects on episodic memory and executive functions. While increased lateral ventricle volume was consistently associated with executive function dysfunction, participants with mild cognitive impairment drove associations between structural measures and episodic memory. Both age and amyloid-PET could be associated with medial temporal lobe tau, depending on whether we used a continuous or a dichotomous amyloid variable. Tau burden in entorhinal cortex was related to worse episodic memory in individuals with increased amyloid burden (Centiloid >12) independently of medial temporal lobe atrophy. Testing models for sex differences revealed that amyloid burden was more strongly associated with regional atrophy in women compared with men. These associations were likely mediated by higher tau burden in women. These results indicate that influences of pathological pathways on cognition and sex-specific vulnerabilities are dissociable already in early stages of neuropathology and cognitive impairment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dario Bachmann
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland.
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Andreas Buchmann
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Sandro Studer
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Antje Saake
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Katrin Rauen
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Psychiatric Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Isabelle Zuber
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Esmeralda Gruber
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Roger M Nitsch
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
- Neurimmune AG, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Hock
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
- Neurimmune AG, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Anton Gietl
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Psychiatric Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Valerie Treyer
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ritter C, Buchmann A, Müller ST, Volleberg M, Haynes M, Ghisleni C, Noeske R, Tuura R, Hasler G. Evaluation of Prefrontal γ-Aminobutyric Acid and Glutamate Levels in Individuals With Major Depressive Disorder Using Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. JAMA Psychiatry 2022; 79:1209-1216. [PMID: 36260322 PMCID: PMC9582968 DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2022.3384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Importance Major depressive disorder (MDD) is one of the most prevalent illnesses worldwide. Perturbations of the major inhibitory and excitatory neurotransmitters, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamate (Glu), respectively, as well as Glx (Glu or glutamine [Gln]) have been extensively reported in a multitude of brain areas of individuals with depression, but few studies have examined changes in Gln, the metabolic counterpart of synaptic Glu. Objective To investigate changes in GABA, Glx, Glu, and Gln levels in a voxel in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of participants with no, past, and current MDD using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS). Design, Setting, and Participants This community-based study used a cross-sectional design using 3-T 1H-MRS in participants not taking MDD medication recruited from the community. The sample consisted of 251 healthy controls, 98 participants with a history of past MDD, and 47 participants who met the diagnostic criteria for current MDD. Diagnostic groups were comparable regarding age, education, income, and diet. Data were collected from March 2014 to October 2021, and data were analyzed from October 2021 to June 2022. Main Outcomes and Measures GABA, Glx, Glu, and Gln concentrations in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Results Of 396 included participants, 258 (65.2%) were female, and the mean (SD) age was 25.0 (4.7) years. Compared with healthy controls, those with past MDD and current MDD had lower GABA concentrations (mean [SEM] concentration: healthy controls, 2.70 [0.03] mmol/L; past MDD, 2.49 [0.05] mmol/L; current MDD, 2.54 [0.07] mmol/L; 92 with past MDD vs 236 healthy controls: r = 0.18; P = .002; 44 with current MDD vs 236 healthy controls: r = 0.13; P = .04). Compared with healthy controls, those with past MDD also had lower Glu concentrations (mean [SEM] concentration: healthy controls, 7.52 [0.06] mmol/L; past MDD, 7.23 [0.11] mmol/L; 93 with past MDD vs 234 healthy controls: r = 0.16; P = .01) and higher Gln concentrations (mean [SEM] concentration: healthy controls, 1.63 [0.04] mmol/L; past MDD, 1.84 [0.07] mmol/L; 66 with past MDD 153 healthy controls: r = 0.17; P = .04). Conclusions and Relevance In a large, mostly medication-free community sample, reduced prefrontal GABA concentrations were associated with past MDD, consistent with histopathologic studies reporting reduced glial cell and GABA cell density in the prefrontal cortex in individuals with depression. Patients with MDD also demonstrated increased Gln levels, indicative of increased synaptic Glu release, adding to previous evidence for the Glu hypothesis of MDD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Ritter
- Psychiatric University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Unit of Psychiatry Research, University of Fribourg, Villars-sur-Glâne, Switzerland
- Center of MR Research, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Buchmann
- Psychiatric University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Unit of Psychiatry Research, University of Fribourg, Villars-sur-Glâne, Switzerland
- Center of MR Research, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Martin Volleberg
- Division of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Melanie Haynes
- Psychiatric University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Carmen Ghisleni
- Center of MR Research, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Ruth Tuura
- Center of MR Research, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gregor Hasler
- Unit of Psychiatry Research, University of Fribourg, Villars-sur-Glâne, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Bachmann D, Roman ZJ, Buchmann A, Zuber I, Studer S, Saake A, Rauen K, Gruber E, Nitsch RM, Hock C, Gietl AF, Treyer V. Lifestyle affects amyloid burden and cognition differently in men and women. Ann Neurol 2022; 92:451-463. [PMID: 35598071 PMCID: PMC9542817 DOI: 10.1002/ana.26417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Objective Evidence on associations of lifestyle factors with Alzheimer's pathology and cognition are ambiguous, potentially because they rarely addressed inter‐relationships of factors and sex effects. While considering these aspects, we examined the relationships of lifestyle factors with brain amyloid burden and cognition. Methods We studied 178 cognitively normal individuals (women, 49%; 65.0 [7.6] years) and 54 individuals with mild cognitive impairment (women, 35%; 71.3 [8.3] years) enrolled in a prospective study of volunteers who completed 18F‐Flutemetamol amyloid positron emission tomography. Using structural equation modeling, we examined associations between latent constructs representing metabolic/vascular risk, physical activity, and cognitive activity with global amyloid burden and cognitive performance. Furthermore, we investigated the influence of sex in this model. Results Overall, higher cognitive activity was associated with better cognitive performance and higher physical activity was associated with lower amyloid burden. The latter association was weakened to a nonsignificant level after excluding multivariate outliers. Examination of the moderating effect of sex in the model revealed an inverse association of metabolic/vascular risk with cognition in men, whereas in women metabolic/vascular risk trended toward increased amyloid burden. Furthermore, a significant inverse association between physical activity and amyloid burden was found only in men. Inheritance of an APOE4 allele was associated with higher amyloid burden only in women. Interpretation Sex modifies effects of certain lifestyle‐related factors on amyloid burden and cognition. Notably, our results suggest that the negative impact of metabolic/vascular risk influences the risk of cognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease through distinct paths in women and men. ANN NEUROL 2022;92:451–463
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dario Bachmann
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Zachary J Roman
- Department of Psychology, Psychological Methods, Evaluation, and Statistics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Buchmann
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Isabelle Zuber
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sandro Studer
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Antje Saake
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Katrin Rauen
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Psychiatric Hospital Zurich
| | - Esmeralda Gruber
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Roger M Nitsch
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Neurimmune, Schlieren, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Hock
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Neurimmune, Schlieren, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anton F Gietl
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Psychiatric Hospital Zurich
| | - Valerie Treyer
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Buchmann A, Ritter C, Müller ST, Haynes M, Ghisleni C, Tuura R, Hasler G. Associations between heart rate variability, peripheral inflammatory markers and major depressive disorder. J Affect Disord 2022; 304:93-101. [PMID: 35196535 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Measures for the irregularity of the heartbeat, for example respiratory sinus arrhythmia, have been implicated as a measure for restorative functions of the vegetative nervous system. METHODS In the current observational study, we investigated 265 subjects, 70 of whom had a lifetime history of major depression, with a plethysmographic heartbeat monitor, blood sampling, as well as a range of psychiatric questionnaires. RESULTS Subjects with a history of MDE had significantly reduced respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) as compared to never-depressed controls; in the whole sample, higher RSA went with lower anxiety/fear variables, especially in subscores related to cardiac symptoms as well as being afraid of dying. A reduced RSA was also associated with an increased concentration of cytokines (TNFa, IL1a, IL6, IFNg) and thyroid-stimulating hormone in the serum, pointing to a possible triangular relationship between immune system, vegetative nervous system, and emotional dysregulation. LIMITATIONS We used a plethysmographic device for the measurement of heartbeat instead of an electrocardiogram, and had a single time point only. CONCLUSIONS This data corroborate the idea that a disequilibrium of the vegetative nervous, especially if accompanied by a dysregulation system in immune function, can increase the risk for depression. Conversely, vagal stimulation and anti-inflammatory treatments may support the treatment with antidepressants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Buchmann
- Psychiatric University Hospital, University of Bern, Bolligenstrasse 111, 3000 Bern 60, Switzerland; Unit of Psychiatry Research, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Cardinal-Journet 3, 1752 Villars-sur-Glâne, Fribourg, Switzerland; Center of MR-Research, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Steinwiesstrasse 75, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Christopher Ritter
- Psychiatric University Hospital, University of Bern, Bolligenstrasse 111, 3000 Bern 60, Switzerland; Unit of Psychiatry Research, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Cardinal-Journet 3, 1752 Villars-sur-Glâne, Fribourg, Switzerland; Center of MR-Research, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Steinwiesstrasse 75, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sabrina Theresia Müller
- Psychiatric University Hospital, University of Bern, Bolligenstrasse 111, 3000 Bern 60, Switzerland
| | - Melanie Haynes
- Psychiatric University Hospital, University of Bern, Bolligenstrasse 111, 3000 Bern 60, Switzerland
| | - Carmen Ghisleni
- Center of MR-Research, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Steinwiesstrasse 75, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ruth Tuura
- Center of MR-Research, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Steinwiesstrasse 75, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gregor Hasler
- Unit of Psychiatry Research, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Cardinal-Journet 3, 1752 Villars-sur-Glâne, Fribourg, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Boccardi M, Monsch AU, Ferrari C, Altomare D, Berres M, Bos I, Buchmann A, Cerami C, Didic M, Festari C, Nicolosi V, Sacco L, Aerts L, Albanese E, Annoni JM, Ballhausen N, Chicherio C, Démonet JF, Descloux V, Diener S, Ferreira D, Georges J, Gietl A, Girtler N, Kilimann I, Klöppel S, Kustyniuk N, Mecocci P, Mella N, Pigliautile M, Seeher K, Shirk SD, Toraldo A, Brioschi-Guevara A, Chan KCG, Crane PK, Dodich A, Grazia A, Kochan NA, de Oliveira FF, Nobili F, Kukull W, Peters O, Ramakers I, Sachdev PS, Teipel S, Visser PJ, Wagner M, Weintraub S, Westman E, Froelich L, Brodaty H, Dubois B, Cappa SF, Salmon D, Winblad B, Frisoni GB, Kliegel M. Harmonizing neuropsychological assessment for mild neurocognitive disorders in Europe. Alzheimers Dement 2022; 18:29-42. [PMID: 33984176 PMCID: PMC9642857 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Harmonized neuropsychological assessment for neurocognitive disorders, an international priority for valid and reliable diagnostic procedures, has been achieved only in specific countries or research contexts. METHODS To harmonize the assessment of mild cognitive impairment in Europe, a workshop (Geneva, May 2018) convened stakeholders, methodologists, academic, and non-academic clinicians and experts from European, US, and Australian harmonization initiatives. RESULTS With formal presentations and thematic working-groups we defined a standard battery consistent with the U.S. Uniform DataSet, version 3, and homogeneous methodology to obtain consistent normative data across tests and languages. Adaptations consist of including two tests specific to typical Alzheimer's disease and behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia. The methodology for harmonized normative data includes consensus definition of cognitively normal controls, classification of confounding factors (age, sex, and education), and calculation of minimum sample sizes. DISCUSSION This expert consensus allows harmonizing the diagnosis of neurocognitive disorders across European countries and possibly beyond.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marina Boccardi
- DZNE - Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen, Rostock-Greifswald site, Rostock, Germany
- LANVIE - Laboratory of Neuroimaging of Aging, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Andreas U Monsch
- Memory Clinic, University Department of Geriatric Medicine FELIX PLATTER, Faculty of Psychology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Clarissa Ferrari
- Unit of Statistics, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Daniele Altomare
- LANVIE - Laboratory of Neuroimaging of Aging, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Memory Center, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Manfred Berres
- Department of Mathematics and Technology, University of Applied Sciences Koblenz, Koblenz, Germany
| | - Isabelle Bos
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Alzheimer Center Limburg, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Andreas Buchmann
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Chiara Cerami
- Institute for Advanced Studies (IUSS-Pavia), Pavia, Italy, Pavia, Italy
- IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Mira Didic
- APHM, Timone, Service de Neurologie et Neuropsychologie, Hôpital Timone Adultes, Marseille, France
- Aix-Marseille Université, Inserm, INS, UMR_S 1106, 13005, Marseille, France
| | - Cristina Festari
- Laboratory of Alzheimer's Neuroimaging and Epidemiology, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Valentina Nicolosi
- Laboratory of Alzheimer's Neuroimaging and Epidemiology, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Leonardo Sacco
- Clinic of Neurology, Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, EOC, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Liesbeth Aerts
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Jean-Marie Annoni
- Department of Neuroscience and Movement Sciences, University of Geneva and Fribourg Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nicola Ballhausen
- Department of Developmental Psychology, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | | | - Jean-François Démonet
- Leenaards Memory Centre-CHUV, Clinical Neuroscience Department, Cité Hospitalière CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Virginie Descloux
- Department of Neuroscience and Movement Sciences, University of Geneva and Fribourg Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Suzie Diener
- Department of Neurology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Ferreira
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Anton Gietl
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Nicola Girtler
- Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
- Dept of Neuroscience (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Ingo Kilimann
- DZNE - Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen, Rostock-Greifswald site, Rostock, Germany
| | - Stefan Klöppel
- Hospital of Old Age Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Nicole Kustyniuk
- Hospital of Old Age Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Patrizia Mecocci
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Gerontology and Geriatrics, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Nathalie Mella
- Cognitive Aging Lab, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Martina Pigliautile
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Gerontology and Geriatrics, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Katrin Seeher
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Steven D Shirk
- VISN 1 New England MIRECC and VISN 1 New England GRECC, Bedford VA Healthcare System, Bedford, Department of Psychiatry and Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alessio Toraldo
- Department of Brain and Behavioural Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy, Milan Center for Neuroscience, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Brioschi-Guevara
- Leenaards Memory Centre-CHUV, Clinical Neuroscience Department, Cité Hospitalière CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kwun C G Chan
- National Alzheimer's Coordination Center (NACC), Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Paul K Crane
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Alessandra Dodich
- Neuroimaging and Innovative Molecular Tracers Laboratory, and Division of Nuclear Medicine, Diagnostic Departement, University of Geneva, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Centre for Mind/Brain Sciences, University of Trento, Rovereto, Italy
| | - Alice Grazia
- DZNE - Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen, Rostock-Greifswald site, Rostock, Germany
| | - Nicole A Kochan
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Flavio Nobili
- Neurology Clinic, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
- Dept of Neuroscience (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Walter Kukull
- National Alzheimer's Coordination Center (NACC), Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Oliver Peters
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany, ZNE, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Berlin, Germany
| | - Inez Ramakers
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Alzheimer Center Limburg, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Perminder S Sachdev
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Stefan Teipel
- DZNE - Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen, Rostock-Greifswald site, Rostock, Germany
| | - Pieter Jelle Visser
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Alzheimer Center Limburg, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Michael Wagner
- DZNE, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Sandra Weintraub
- Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease, Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Eric Westman
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lutz Froelich
- University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Henry Brodaty
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Bruno Dubois
- Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Alzheimer Research Institute (IM2A), and Institut du cerveau et la moelle (ICM), Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Stefano F Cappa
- Institute for Advanced Studies (IUSS-Pavia), Pavia, Italy, Pavia, Italy
- IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - David Salmon
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, USA
| | - Bengt Winblad
- Dept NVS, Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Giovanni B Frisoni
- LANVIE - Laboratory of Neuroimaging of Aging, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Memory Center, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Kliegel
- Cognitive Aging Lab, Department of Psychology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ritter C, Buchmann A, Müller ST, Hersberger M, Haynes M, Ghisleni C, Tuura R, Hasler G. Cerebral perfusion in depression: Relationship to sex, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate and depression severity. Neuroimage Clin 2021; 32:102840. [PMID: 34628302 PMCID: PMC8515484 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2021.102840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a leading cause of disease burden and shows a marked sexual dimorphism. Previous studies reported changes in cerebral perfusion in MDD, an association between perfusion and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) levels, and large sex differences in perfusion. This study examines whether perfusion and DHEAS might mediate the link between sex and depressive symptoms in a large, unmedicated community sample. METHODS The sample included 203 healthy volunteers and 79 individuals with past or current MDD. Depression severity was assessed with the Hamilton Depression Scale (HAM-D) and Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS). 3 T MRI perfusion data were collected with a pseudocontinuous arterial spin labelling sequence and DHEAS was measured in serum by LC-MS/MS. RESULTS Large sex differences in perfusion were observed (p < 0.001). Perfusion was negatively correlated with DHEAS (r = -0.23, p < 0.01, n = 250) and with depression severity (HAM-D: r = -0.17, p = 0.01, n = 242; partial Spearman correlation, controlling for age and sex), but not with anxiety. A significant sex*perfusion interaction on depression severity was observed. In women, perfusion showed more pronounced negative correlations with depressive symptoms, with absent or, in the case of the MADRS, opposite effects observed in men. A mediation analysis identified DHEAS and perfusion as mediating variables influencing the link between sex and the HAM-D score. CONCLUSION Perfusion was linked to depression severity, with the strongest effects observed in women. Perfusion and the neurosteroid DHEAS appear to mediate the link between sex and HAM-D scores, suggesting that inter-individual differences in perfusion and DHEAS levels may contribute to the sexual dimorphism in depression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Ritter
- Psychiatric University Hospital, University of Bern, Bolligenstrasse 111, 3000 Bern 60, Switzerland; Unit of Psychiatry Research, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Cardinal-Journet 3, 1752 Villars-sur-Glâne, Fribourg, Switzerland; Center of MR-Research, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Steinwiesstrasse 75, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Andreas Buchmann
- Psychiatric University Hospital, University of Bern, Bolligenstrasse 111, 3000 Bern 60, Switzerland; Unit of Psychiatry Research, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Cardinal-Journet 3, 1752 Villars-sur-Glâne, Fribourg, Switzerland; Center of MR-Research, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Steinwiesstrasse 75, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sabrina Theresia Müller
- Psychiatric University Hospital, University of Bern, Bolligenstrasse 111, 3000 Bern 60, Switzerland
| | - Martin Hersberger
- Division of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Steinwiesstrasse 75, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Melanie Haynes
- Psychiatric University Hospital, University of Bern, Bolligenstrasse 111, 3000 Bern 60, Switzerland
| | - Carmen Ghisleni
- Center of MR-Research, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Steinwiesstrasse 75, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ruth Tuura
- Center of MR-Research, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Steinwiesstrasse 75, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gregor Hasler
- Unit of Psychiatry Research, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Cardinal-Journet 3, 1752 Villars-sur-Glâne, Fribourg, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Treyer V, Meyer RS, Buchmann A, Crameri GAG, Studer S, Saake A, Gruber E, Unschuld PG, Nitsch RM, Hock C, Gietl AF. Physical activity is associated with lower cerebral beta-amyloid and cognitive function benefits from lifetime experience-a study in exceptional aging. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0247225. [PMID: 33606797 PMCID: PMC7895362 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0247225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exceptional agers (85+ years) are characterized by preserved cognition presumably due to high cognitive reserve. In the current study, we examined whether personality, risk and protective factors for dementia as well as quality of life are associated with core features of Alzheimer's disease (amyloid-deposition and hippocampal volume) as well as cognition in exceptional aging. METHODS We studied 49 exceptional agers (average 87.8 years, range 84-94 years), with preserved activities of daily living and absence of dementia. All participants received a detailed clinical and neuropsychological examination. We used established questionnaires to measure lifetime experience, personality, recent physical and cognitive activity as well as quality of life. Cerebral amyloid-deposition was estimated by 18-[F]-Flutemetamol-PET and manual hippocampal volumetry was performed on 3D T1 MRI images. RESULTS In this sample of exceptional agers with preserved activities of daily living, we found intact cognitive performance in the subjects with the highest amyloid-load in the brain, but a lower quality of life with respect to autonomy as well as higher neuroticism. Higher self-reported physical activity in the last twelve months went with a lower amyloid load. Higher self-reported leisure-time/ not work-related activity went with better executive functioning at older age. CONCLUSION Even in exceptional aging, high amyloid load may subtly influence personality and quality of life. Our findings support a close relationship between high physical activity and low amyloid-deposition and underscore the importance of extracurricular activities for executive functions. As executive functions are known to be a central resource for everyday functioning in fostering extracurricular activities may be effective in delaying the onset of dementia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Treyer
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine (IREM), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Rafael S. Meyer
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine (IREM), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Buchmann
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine (IREM), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Sandro Studer
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine (IREM), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Antje Saake
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine (IREM), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Esmeralda Gruber
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine (IREM), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Paul G. Unschuld
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine (IREM), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Hospital for Psychogeriatric Medicine, Psychiatric University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Roger M. Nitsch
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine (IREM), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Neurimmune, Schlieren-Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Hock
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine (IREM), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Neurimmune, Schlieren-Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anton F. Gietl
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine (IREM), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Treyer V, Gietl AF, Suliman H, Gruber E, Meyer R, Buchmann A, Johayem A, Unschuld PG, Nitsch RM, Buck A, Ametamey SM, Hock C. Reduced uptake of [11C]-ABP688, a PET tracer for metabolic glutamate receptor 5 in hippocampus and amygdala in Alzheimer's dementia. Brain Behav 2020; 10:e01632. [PMID: 32304284 PMCID: PMC7303388 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Metabotropic glutamate receptors play a critical role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease due to their involvement in processes of memory formation, neuroplasticity, and synaptotoxity. The objective of the current study was to study mGluR5 availability measured by [11 C]-ABP688 (ABP) in patients with clinically diagnosed Alzheimer's dementia (AD). METHODS A bolus-infusion protocol of [11 C]-ABP688 was applied in 9 subjects with AD and 10 cognitively healthy controls (Controls) to derive distribution volume estimates of mGluR5. Furthermore, we also estimated cerebral perfusion by averaging early frame signal of initial ABP bolus injection. RESULTS Subjects with Alzheimer's dementia (mean age: 77.3/SD 5.7) were older than controls (mean age: 68.5/SD: 9.6) and scored lower on the MMSE (22.1/SD2.7 vs. 29.0/SD0.8). There were no overall differences in ABP signal. However, distribution volume ratio (DVR) for ABP was reduced in the bilateral hippocampus (AD: 1.34/SD: 0.40 vs. Control: 1.84/SD:0.31, p = .007) and the bilateral amygdala (AD:1.86/SD:0.26 vs. Control:2.33/SD:0.37 p = .006) in AD patients compared to controls. Estimate of cerebral blood flow was reduced in the bilateral hippocampus in AD (AD:0.75/SD:0.10 vs. Control:0.86/SD:0.09 p = .02). CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrate reduced mGluR5 binding in the hippocampus and amygdala in Alzheimer's dementia. Whether this is due to synaptic loss and/or consecutive reduction of potential binding sites or reflects disease inherent mechanisms remains to be elucidated in future studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Treyer
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine (IREM), University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anton F Gietl
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine (IREM), University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Husam Suliman
- Hospital for Psychogeriatric Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Esmeralda Gruber
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine (IREM), University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Rafael Meyer
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine (IREM), University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Buchmann
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine (IREM), University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Anass Johayem
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Paul G Unschuld
- Hospital for Psychogeriatric Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Roger M Nitsch
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine (IREM), University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland.,Neurimmune, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Alfred Buck
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Simon M Ametamey
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Hock
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine (IREM), University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland.,Neurimmune, Schlieren, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Wehrle FM, Lustenberger C, Buchmann A, Latal B, Hagmann CF, O'Gorman RL, Huber R. Multimodal assessment shows misalignment of structural and functional thalamocortical connectivity in children and adolescents born very preterm. Neuroimage 2020; 215:116779. [PMID: 32276056 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.116779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Thalamocortical connections are altered following very preterm birth but it is unknown whether structural and functional alterations are linked and how they contribute to neurodevelopmental deficits. We used a multimodal approach in 27 very preterm and 35 term-born children and adolescents aged 10-16 years: Structural thalamocortical connectivity was quantified with two measures derived from probabilistic tractography of diffusion tensor data, namely the volume of thalamic segments with cortical connections and mean fractional anisotropy (FA) within the respective segments. High-density sleep EEG was recorded and sleep spindles were identified at each electrode. Sleep spindle density and integrated spindle activity (ISA) were calculated to quantify functional thalamocortical connectivity. In term-born participants, the volume of the global thalamic segment with cortical connections was strongly related to sleep spindles across the entire head (mean r = .53 ± .10; range = 0.35 to 0.78). Regionally, the volume of the thalamic segment connecting to frontal brain regions correlated with sleep spindle density in two clusters of electrodes over fronto-temporal brain regions (.42 ± .06; 0.35 to 0.51 and 0.43 ± .08; 0.35 to 0.62) and the volume of the thalamic segment connecting to parietal brain regions correlated with sleep spindle density over parietal brain regions (mean r = .43 ± .07; 0.35 to 0.61). In very preterm participants, the volume of the thalamic segments was not associated with sleep spindles. In the very preterm group, mean FA within the global thalamic segment was negatively correlated with ISA over a cluster of frontal and temporo-occipital brain regions (mean r = -.53 ± .07; -.41 to -.72). No association between mean FA and ISA was found in the term-born group. With this multimodal study protocol, we identified a potential misalignment between structural and functional thalamocortical connectivity in children and adolescents born very preterm. Eventually, this may shed further light on the neuronal mechanisms underlying neurodevelopmental sequelae of preterm birth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Flavia M Wehrle
- University Children's Hospital Zurich, Child Development Center, Switzerland; University Children's Hospital Zurich, Department of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Switzerland; University Children's Hospital Zurich, Children's Research Center, Switzerland
| | | | - Andreas Buchmann
- University Children's Hospital Zurich, Center for MR Research, Switzerland
| | - Beatrice Latal
- University Children's Hospital Zurich, Child Development Center, Switzerland; University Children's Hospital Zurich, Children's Research Center, Switzerland
| | - Cornelia F Hagmann
- University Children's Hospital Zurich, Department of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Switzerland; University Children's Hospital Zurich, Children's Research Center, Switzerland
| | - Ruth L O'Gorman
- University Children's Hospital Zurich, Children's Research Center, Switzerland; University Children's Hospital Zurich, Center for MR Research, Switzerland
| | - Reto Huber
- University Children's Hospital Zurich, Child Development Center, Switzerland; University Children's Hospital Zurich, Children's Research Center, Switzerland; Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Hasler G, Haynes M, Müller ST, Tuura R, Ritter C, Buchmann A. The Association Between Adolescent Residential Mobility and Adult Social Anxiety, BDNF and Amygdala-Orbitofrontal Functional Connectivity in Young Adults With Higher Education. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:561464. [PMID: 33408651 PMCID: PMC7779475 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.561464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Large-scale epidemiological studies demonstrate that house moves during adolescence lead to an increase in anxiety and stress-sensitivity that persists into adulthood. As such, it might be expected that moves during adolescence have strong negative and long-lasting effects on the brain. We hypothesized that moves during adolescence impair fear circuit maturation, as measured by the connectivity between amygdala and orbitofrontal cortex, and expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Methods: We examined young adults with middle and high economic status recruited from the community using clinical interviews, self-report questionnaires, functional magnetic resonance imaging during an emotional faces task and during a 10 min rest phase, and serum BDNF serum concentration. Results: Out of 234 young adults, 164 did not move between ages 10 and 16 (i.e., moves with change of school), 50 moved once, and 20 moved twice or more than twice. We found relationships between adolescent moving frequency and social avoidance (pcorr = 0.012), right amygdala-orbitofrontal cortex connectivity (pcorr = 0.016) and low serum BDNF concentrations in young adulthood (pcorr = 0.012). Perceived social status of the mother partly mitigated the effects of moving on social avoidance and BDNF in adulthood. Conclusions: This study confirms previous reports on the negative and persistent effects of residential mobility during adolescence on mental health. It suggests that these effects are mediated by impairments in fear circuit maturation. Finally, it encourages research into protecting factors of moving during adolescents such as the perceived social status of the mother.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gregor Hasler
- Psychiatric University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Unit of Psychiatry Research, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Melanie Haynes
- Psychiatric University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sabrina Theresia Müller
- Psychiatric University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Center for MR-Research, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ruth Tuura
- Center for MR-Research, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christopher Ritter
- Psychiatric University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Unit of Psychiatry Research, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland.,Center for MR-Research, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Buchmann
- Psychiatric University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Unit of Psychiatry Research, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland.,Center for MR-Research, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Geisseler O, Pflugshaupt T, Buchmann A, Bezzola L, Reuter K, Schuknecht B, Weller D, Linnebank M, Brugger P. Random number generation deficits in patients with multiple sclerosis: Characteristics and neural correlates. Cortex 2016; 82:237-243. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2016.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Revised: 04/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
17
|
Lustenberger C, Mouthon AL, Tesler N, Kurth S, Ringli M, Buchmann A, Jenni OG, Huber R. Developmental trajectories of EEG sleep slow wave activity as a marker for motor skill development during adolescence: a pilot study. Dev Psychobiol 2016; 59:5-14. [DOI: 10.1002/dev.21446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Lustenberger
- Child Development Center; University Children's Hospital Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
- Children Research Center; University Children's Hospital Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich; University and ETH Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
- Department of Psychiatry; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Chapel Hill North Carolina
| | - Anne-Laure Mouthon
- Child Development Center; University Children's Hospital Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
- Children Research Center; University Children's Hospital Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich; University and ETH Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
| | - Noemi Tesler
- Child Development Center; University Children's Hospital Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
- Children Research Center; University Children's Hospital Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich; University and ETH Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
| | - Salome Kurth
- Child Development Center; University Children's Hospital Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
- Children Research Center; University Children's Hospital Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich; University and ETH Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
- Department of Integrative Physiology; University of Colorado Boulder; Boulder Colorado
| | - Maya Ringli
- Child Development Center; University Children's Hospital Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
- Children Research Center; University Children's Hospital Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich; University and ETH Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
| | - Andreas Buchmann
- Children Research Center; University Children's Hospital Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
- MR Research Center; University Children's Hospital Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
- Department of Neurology; University Hospital Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
| | - Oskar G. Jenni
- Child Development Center; University Children's Hospital Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
- Children Research Center; University Children's Hospital Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich; University and ETH Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology; University of Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
| | - Reto Huber
- Child Development Center; University Children's Hospital Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
- Children Research Center; University Children's Hospital Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich; University and ETH Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology; University of Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychiatric Hospital; University of Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Bernardi G, Cecchetti L, Siclari F, Buchmann A, Yu X, Handjaras G, Bellesi M, Ricciardi E, Kecskemeti SR, Riedner BA, Alexander AL, Benca RM, Ghilardi MF, Pietrini P, Cirelli C, Tononi G. Sleep reverts changes in human gray and white matter caused by wake-dependent training. Neuroimage 2016; 129:367-377. [PMID: 26812659 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Revised: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Learning leads to rapid microstructural changes in gray (GM) and white (WM) matter. Do these changes continue to accumulate if task training continues, and can they be reverted by sleep? We addressed these questions by combining structural and diffusion weighted MRI and high-density EEG in 16 subjects studied during the physiological sleep/wake cycle, after 12 h and 24 h of intense practice in two different tasks, and after post-training sleep. Compared to baseline wake, 12 h of training led to a decline in cortical mean diffusivity. The decrease became even more significant after 24 h of task practice combined with sleep deprivation. Prolonged practice also resulted in decreased ventricular volume and increased GM and WM subcortical volumes. All changes reverted after recovery sleep. Moreover, these structural alterations predicted cognitive performance at the individual level, suggesting that sleep's ability to counteract performance deficits is linked to its effects on the brain microstructure. The cellular mechanisms that account for the structural effects of sleep are unknown, but they may be linked to its role in promoting the production of cerebrospinal fluid and the decrease in synapse size and strength, as well as to its recently discovered ability to enhance the extracellular space and the clearance of brain metabolites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Bernardi
- Dept. of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53719, USA; Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa 56126, Italy; Clinical Psychology Branch, University of Pisa, AOUP Santa Chiara, Pisa 56126, Italy
| | - Luca Cecchetti
- Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa 56126, Italy; Clinical Psychology Branch, University of Pisa, AOUP Santa Chiara, Pisa 56126, Italy
| | - Francesca Siclari
- Dept. of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53719, USA
| | - Andreas Buchmann
- Dept. of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53719, USA
| | - Xiaoqian Yu
- Dept. of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53719, USA
| | - Giacomo Handjaras
- Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa 56126, Italy; Clinical Psychology Branch, University of Pisa, AOUP Santa Chiara, Pisa 56126, Italy
| | - Michele Bellesi
- Dept. of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53719, USA
| | - Emiliano Ricciardi
- Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa 56126, Italy; Clinical Psychology Branch, University of Pisa, AOUP Santa Chiara, Pisa 56126, Italy
| | - Steven R Kecskemeti
- Waisman Laboratory for Brain Imaging and Behavior, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Brady A Riedner
- Dept. of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53719, USA
| | - Andrew L Alexander
- Dept. of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53719, USA; Waisman Laboratory for Brain Imaging and Behavior, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Dept. of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Ruth M Benca
- Dept. of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53719, USA
| | - M Felice Ghilardi
- Dept. of Physiology and Pharmacology, City University of New York Medical School, New York, NY 10031, USA
| | - Pietro Pietrini
- Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa 56126, Italy; Clinical Psychology Branch, University of Pisa, AOUP Santa Chiara, Pisa 56126, Italy; IMT School for Advanced Studies Lucca, Lucca 55100, Italy.
| | - Chiara Cirelli
- Dept. of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53719, USA.
| | - Giulio Tononi
- Dept. of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53719, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Jentsch HFR, Buchmann A, Friedrich A, Eick S. Nonsurgical therapy of chronic periodontitis with adjunctive systemic azithromycin or amoxicillin/metronidazole. Clin Oral Investig 2015; 20:1765-73. [PMID: 26685849 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-015-1683-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of the present study is to compare the effect of systemic adjunctive use of azithromycin with amoxicillin/metronidazole to scaling and root planing (SRP) in a clinical study. MATERIALS AND METHODS Data from 60 individuals with chronic periodontitis were evaluated after full-mouth SRP. Antibiotics were given from the first day of SRP, in the test group (n = 29), azithromycin for 3 days and, in the control group (n = 31), amoxicillin/metronidazole for7 days. Probing depth (PD), attachment level (AL), and bleeding on probing (BOP) were recorded at baseline and after 3 and 12 months. Gingival crevicular fluid was analyzed for matrix metalloprotease (MMP)-8 and interleukin (IL)-1beta levels. Subgingival plaque was taken for assessment of the major bacteria associated with periodontitis. RESULTS In both groups, PD, AL, and BOP were significantly reduced (p < 0.001). A few significant differences between the groups were found; AL and BOP were significantly better in the test than in the control group at the end of the study (p = 0.020 and 0.009). Periodontopathogens were reduced most in the test group. CONCLUSIONS A noninferiority of the treatment with azithromycin in comparison with amoxicillin/metronidazole can be stated. The administration of azithromycin could be an alternative to the use of amoxicillin/metronidazole adjunctive to SRP in patients with moderate or severe chronic periodontitis; however, a randomized placebo-controlled multicenter study is needed. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Application of azithromycin as a single antibiotic for 3 days might be considered as an additional adjunctive antibiotic to SRP in selected patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Holger F R Jentsch
- Centre for Periodontology, Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Periodontology, University Hospital of Leipzig, Liebigstr. 12, Haus 1, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
| | | | | | - Sigrun Eick
- Department of Periodontology, Laboratory of Oral Microbiology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
von Rhein M, Buchmann A, Hagmann C, Dave H, Bernet V, Scheer I, Knirsch W, Latal B, Bürki C, Dave H, Prêtre R, Hagmann C, Knirsch W, Kretschmar O, Kellenberger C, Scheer I, Latal B, Liamlahi R, von Rhein M, Plecko BR, Sennhauser FH. Severe Congenital Heart Defects Are Associated with Global Reduction of Neonatal Brain Volumes. J Pediatr 2015; 167:1259-63.e1. [PMID: 26233604 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2015.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Revised: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine neonatal global and regional brain volumes in infants with congenital heart disease (CHD) in comparison with healthy controls and to determine brain growth. STUDY DESIGN Prospective cohort study in infants undergoing open-heart surgery for complex CHD. Global and regional volumetric measurements on preoperative cerebral magnetic resonance imaging were manually segmented in children without overt brain lesions. RESULTS Preoperative brain volumetry of 19 patients demonstrates reduction in total and regional brain volumes, without any specific regional predilection compared with 19 healthy control infants (total brain volume reduction: 21%, regional brain volume reduction 8%-28%, all P < .001). CONCLUSIONS Infants with CHD undergoing bypass surgery have smaller brain volumes prior to surgery without a specific regional predilection. This suggests a fetal origin of reduced brain growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael von Rhein
- Child Development Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Developmental Pediatrics, SPZ, Kantonsspital Winterthur, Winterthur, Switzerland; Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Buchmann
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Cornelia Hagmann
- Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hitendu Dave
- Congenital Cardiovascular Surgery, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Vera Bernet
- Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Neonatology and Intensive Care, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ianina Scheer
- Diagnostic Imaging, University Children's Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Walter Knirsch
- Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland; Cardiology, University Children's Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Beatrice Latal
- Child Development Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
McKay R, Buchmann A, Germann N, Yu S, Brugger P. Unrealistic optimism and 'nosognosia': illness recognition in the healthy brain. Cortex 2014; 61:141-7. [PMID: 25481472 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2014.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Revised: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION At the centenary of research on anosognosia, the time seems ripe to supplement work in anosognosic patients with empirical studies on nosognosia in healthy participants. To this end, we adopted a signal detection framework to investigate the lateralized recognition of illness words--an operational measure of nosognosia--in healthy participants. As positively biased reports about one's current health status (anosognosia) and future health status (unrealistic optimism) have both been associated with deficient right hemispheric functioning, and conversely with undisturbed left hemispheric functioning, we hypothesised that more optimistic participants would adopt a more conservative response criterion, and/or display less sensitivity, when identifying illnesses in our nosognosia task; especially harmful illnesses presented to the left hemisphere via the right visual field. MATERIAL AND METHODS Thirty-two healthy right-handed men estimated their own relative risk of contracting a series of illnesses in the future, and then completed a novel computer task assessing their recognition of illness names presented to the left or right visual field. To check that effects were specific to the recognition of illness (rather than reflecting recognition of lexical items per se), we also administered a standard lateralized lexical decision task. RESULTS Highly optimistic participants tended to be more conservative in detecting illnesses, especially harmful illnesses presented to the right visual field. Contrary to expectation, they were also more sensitive to illness names in this half-field. CONCLUSIONS We suggest that, in evolutionary terms, unrealistic optimism may be an adaptive trait that combines a high perceptual sensitivity to threat with a high threshold for acknowledging its presence. The signal detection approach to nosognosia developed here may open up new avenues for the understanding of anosognosia in neurological patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan McKay
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Cognition and its Disorders, Department of Psychology, Royal Holloway, University of London, United Kingdom.
| | - Andreas Buchmann
- Neuropsychology Unit, Department of Neurology, Zürich University Hospital, Switzerland
| | - Nicole Germann
- Neuropsychology Unit, Department of Neurology, Zürich University Hospital, Switzerland
| | - Shancong Yu
- Neuropsychology Unit, Department of Neurology, Zürich University Hospital, Switzerland
| | - Peter Brugger
- Neuropsychology Unit, Department of Neurology, Zürich University Hospital, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Buchmann A, Dentico D, Peterson MJ, Riedner BA, Sarasso S, Massimini M, Tononi G, Ferrarelli F. Reduced mediodorsal thalamic volume and prefrontal cortical spindle activity in schizophrenia. Neuroimage 2014; 102 Pt 2:540-7. [PMID: 25139002 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Revised: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 08/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We recently found marked deficits in sleep spindles, non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep oscillations that are generated within the thalamus and then amplified and sustained in the cortex, in patients with schizophrenia compared to both healthy and psychiatric controls. Here, we investigated the thalamic and cortical contributions to these sleep spindle deficits. METHODS Anatomical volume of interest analysis (i.e., thalamic volumes) and electroencephalogram (EEG) source modeling (i.e., spindle-related cortical currents) were performed in patients with schizophrenia and healthy comparison subjects. FINDINGS Schizophrenia patients had reduced mediodorsal (MD) thalamic volumes, especially on the left side, compared to healthy controls, whereas whole thalami and lateral geniculate nuclei did not differ between groups. Furthermore, left MD volumes were strongly correlated with the number of scalp-recorded spindles in an anterior frontal region, and cortical currents underlying these anterior frontal spindles were localized in the prefrontal cortex, in Brodmann area (BA) 10. Finally, prefrontal currents at the peak of spindle activity were significantly reduced in schizophrenia patients and correlated with their performance in an abstraction/working memory task. CONCLUSION Altogether, these findings point to deficits in a specific thalamo-cortical circuitry in schizophrenia, which is associated with some cognitive deficits commonly reported in those patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Simone Sarasso
- Department of Psychiatry, University of WI-Madison, USA; Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Marcello Massimini
- Department of Psychiatry, University of WI-Madison, USA; Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Giulio Tononi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of WI-Madison, USA
| | - Fabio Ferrarelli
- Department of Psychiatry, University of WI-Madison, USA; Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
von Rhein M, Buchmann A, Hagmann C, Huber R, Klaver P, Knirsch W, Latal B. Brain volumes predict neurodevelopment in adolescents after surgery for congenital heart disease. Brain 2013; 137:268-76. [DOI: 10.1093/brain/awt322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
24
|
Kurth S, Ringli M, LeBourgeois MK, Geiger A, Buchmann A, Jenni OG, Huber R. Mapping the electrophysiological marker of sleep depth reveals skill maturation in children and adolescents. Neuroimage 2012; 63:959-65. [PMID: 22498654 PMCID: PMC4444061 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.03.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2011] [Revised: 03/13/2012] [Accepted: 03/14/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Electroencephalographically (EEG) recorded slow wave activity (SWA, 1-4.5Hz), reflecting the depth of sleep, is suggested to play a crucial role in synaptic plasticity. Mapping of SWA by means of high-density EEG reveals that cortical regions showing signs of maturational changes (structural and behavioral) during childhood and adolescence exhibit more SWA. Moreover, the maturation of specific skills is predicted by the topographical distribution of SWA. Thus, SWA topography may serve as a promising neuroimaging tool with prognostic potential. Finally, our data suggest that deep sleep SWA in humans is involved in cortical development that optimizes performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Salome Kurth
- Child Development Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Steinwiesstr. 75, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maya Ringli
- Child Development Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Steinwiesstr. 75, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Monique K. LeBourgeois
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado at Boulder, 354 UDB Boulder, CO 80309, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Anja Geiger
- Child Development Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Steinwiesstr. 75, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Buchmann
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 6001 Research Park Blvd., Madison, WI 53719, USA
| | - Oskar G. Jenni
- Child Development Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Steinwiesstr. 75, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
- Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Steinwiesstr. 75, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Reto Huber
- Child Development Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Steinwiesstr. 75, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
- Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Steinwiesstr. 75, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Hänggi J, Mondadori CR, Buchmann A, Henke K, Hock C. A CYP46 T/C SNP modulates parahippocampal and hippocampal morphology in young subjects. Neurobiol Aging 2011; 32:1023-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2009.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2008] [Revised: 06/04/2009] [Accepted: 07/02/2009] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
|
26
|
Papassotiropoulos A, Henke K, Stefanova E, Aerni A, Müller A, Demougin P, Vogler C, Sigmund JC, Gschwind L, Huynh KD, Coluccia D, Mondadori CR, Hänggi J, Buchmann A, Kostic V, Novakovic I, van den Bussche H, Kaduszkiewicz H, Weyerer S, Bickel H, Riedel-Heller S, Pentzek M, Wiese B, Dichgans M, Wagner M, Jessen F, Maier W, de Quervain DJF. A genome-wide survey of human short-term memory. Mol Psychiatry 2011; 16:184-92. [PMID: 20038948 PMCID: PMC3030750 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2009.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in the development of high-throughput genotyping platforms allow for the unbiased identification of genes and genomic sequences related to heritable traits. In this study, we analyzed human short-term memory, which refers to the ability to remember information over a brief period of time and which has been found disturbed in many neuropsychiatric conditions, including schizophrenia and depression. We performed a genome-wide survey at 909 622 polymorphic loci and report six genetic variations significantly associated with human short-term memory performance after genome-wide correction for multiple comparisons. A polymorphism within SCN1A (encoding the α subunit of the type I voltage-gated sodium channel) was replicated in three independent populations of 1699 individuals. Functional magnetic resonance imaging during an n-back working memory task detected SCN1A allele-dependent activation differences in brain regions typically involved in working memory processes. These results suggest an important role for SCN1A in human short-term memory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Papassotiropoulos
- Division of Molecular Psychology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland. or
| | - K Henke
- Department of Psychology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - E Stefanova
- Institute of Neurology, CCS, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - A Aerni
- Division of Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - A Müller
- Division of Molecular Psychology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland,Life Sciences Training Facility, Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - P Demougin
- Division of Molecular Psychology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland,Life Sciences Training Facility, Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - C Vogler
- Division of Molecular Psychology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland,Life Sciences Training Facility, Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - J C Sigmund
- Division of Molecular Psychology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland,Life Sciences Training Facility, Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - L Gschwind
- Division of Molecular Psychology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland,Life Sciences Training Facility, Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - K-D Huynh
- Division of Molecular Psychology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland,Life Sciences Training Facility, Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - D Coluccia
- Division of Psychiatry Research, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - C R Mondadori
- Division of Neuropsychology, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - J Hänggi
- Division of Neuropsychology, Institute of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - A Buchmann
- Division of Psychiatry Research, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - V Kostic
- Institute of Neurology, CCS, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - I Novakovic
- Institute of Biology, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - H van den Bussche
- Institute of Primary Medical Care, University Medical Center, Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - H Kaduszkiewicz
- Institute of Primary Medical Care, University Medical Center, Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - S Weyerer
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, Germany
| | - H Bickel
- Department of Psychiatry, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - S Riedel-Heller
- Public Mental Health Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - M Pentzek
- Department of General Practice, Dusseldorf University Medical Center, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - B Wiese
- Institute for Biometrics, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - M Dichgans
- Department of Neurology, Klinikum Großhadern, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - M Wagner
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - F Jessen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - W Maier
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - D J-F de Quervain
- Division of Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland,Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland,Division of Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Basel, Birmannsgasse 8, Basel 4055, Switzerland. E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Buchmann A, Ringli M, Kurth S, Schaerer M, Geiger A, Jenni OG, Huber R. EEG sleep slow-wave activity as a mirror of cortical maturation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 21:607-15. [PMID: 20624840 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhq129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Deep (slow wave) sleep shows extensive maturational changes from childhood through adolescence, which is reflected in a decrease of sleep depth measured as the activity of electroencephalographic (EEG) slow waves. This decrease in sleep depth is paralleled by massive synaptic remodeling during adolescence as observed in anatomical studies, which supports the notion that adolescence represents a sensitive period for cortical maturation. To assess the relationship between slow-wave activity (SWA) and cortical maturation, we acquired sleep EEG and magnetic resonance imaging data in children and adolescents between 8 and 19 years. We observed a tight relationship between sleep SWA and a variety of indexes of cortical maturation derived from magnetic resonance (MR) images. Specifically, gray matter volumes in regions correlating positively with the activity of slow waves largely overlapped with brain areas exhibiting an age-dependent decrease in gray matter. The positive relationship between SWA and cortical gray matter was present also for power in other frequency ranges (theta, alpha, sigma, and beta) and other vigilance states (theta during rapid eye movement sleep). Our findings indicate a strong relationship between sleep EEG activity and cortical maturation. We propose that in particular, sleep SWA represents a good marker for structural changes in neuronal networks reflecting cortical maturation during adolescence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Buchmann
- Children's Hospital, University of Zurich, CH-8032 Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Hänggi J, Buchmann A, Mondadori CRA, Henke K, Jäncke L, Hock C. Sexual Dimorphism in the Parietal Substrate Associated with Visuospatial Cognition Independent of General Intelligence. J Cogn Neurosci 2010; 22:139-55. [DOI: 10.1162/jocn.2008.21175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Sex differences in visuospatial cognition (VSC) with male advantage are frequently reported in the literature. There is evidence for sexual dimorphisms in the human brain, one of which postulates more gray matter (GM) in females and more white matter (WM) in males relative to total intracranial volume. We investigated the neuroanatomy of VSC independent of general intelligence (g) in sex-separated populations, homogenous in age, education, memory performance, a memory- and brain morphology-related gene, and g. VSC and g were assessed with the Wechsler adult intelligence scale. The influence of g on VSC was removed using a hierarchical factor analysis and the Schmid–Leiman solution. Structural high-resolution magnetic resonance images were acquired and analyzed with voxel-based morphometry. As hypothesized, the clusters of positive correlations between local volumes and VSC performance independent of g were found mainly in parietal areas, but also in pre- and postcentral regions, predominantly in the WM in males, whereas in females these correlations were located in parietal and superior temporal areas, predominantly in the GM. Our results suggest that VSC depends more strongly on parietal WM structures in males and on parietal GM structures in females. This sex difference might have to do with the increased axonal and decreased somatodendritic tissue in males relative to females. Whether such sex-specific implementations of the VSC network can be explained genetically as suggested in investigations into the Turner syndrome or as a result of structural neural plasticity upon different experience and usage remains to be shown.
Collapse
|
29
|
Buchmann A, Mondadori CR, Hänggi J, Aerni A, Vrticka P, Luechinger R, Boesiger P, Hock C, Nitsch RM, de Quervain DJF, Papassotiropoulos A, Henke K. Prion protein M129V polymorphism affects retrieval-related brain activity. Neuropsychologia 2008; 46:2389-402. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2008.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2007] [Revised: 03/03/2008] [Accepted: 03/06/2008] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
30
|
Huentelman MJ, Papassotiropoulos A, Craig DW, Hoerndli FJ, Pearson JV, Huynh KD, Corneveaux J, Hänggi J, Mondadori CRA, Buchmann A, Reiman EM, Henke K, de Quervain DJF, Stephan DA. Calmodulin-binding transcription activator 1 (
CAMTA1
) alleles predispose human episodic memory performance. Hum Mol Genet 2007; 16:1469-77. [PMID: 17470457 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddm097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Little is known about the genes and proteins involved in the process of human memory. To identify genetic factors related to human episodic memory performance, we conducted an ultra-high-density genome-wide screen at > 500 000 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in a sample of normal young adults stratified for performance on an episodic recall memory test. Analysis of this data identified SNPs within the calmodulin-binding transcription activator 1 (CAMTA1) gene that were significantly associated with memory performance. A follow up study, focused on the CAMTA1 locus in an independent cohort consisting of cognitively normal young adults, singled out SNP rs4908449 with a P-value of 0.0002 as the most significant associated SNP in the region. These validated genetic findings were further supported by the identification of CAMTA1 transcript enrichment in memory-related human brain regions and through a functional magnetic resonance imaging experiment on individuals matched for memory performance that identified CAMTA1 allele-specific upregulation of medial temporal lobe brain activity in those individuals harboring the 'at-risk' allele for poorer memory performance. The CAMTA1 locus encodes a purported transcription factor that interfaces with the calcium-calmodulin system of the cell to alter gene expression patterns. Our validated genomic and functional biological findings described herein suggest a role for CAMTA1 in human episodic memory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Huentelman
- Neurogenomics Division, The Translational Genomics Research Institute, 445 N Fifth Street, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Mondadori CRA, de Quervain DJF, Buchmann A, Mustovic H, Wollmer MA, Schmidt CF, Boesiger P, Hock C, Nitsch RM, Papassotiropoulos A, Henke K. Better memory and neural efficiency in young apolipoprotein E epsilon4 carriers. Cereb Cortex 2006; 17:1934-47. [PMID: 17077159 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhl103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The apolipoprotein E (APOE) epsilon4 allele is the major genetic risk factor for Alzheimer's disease, but an APOE effect on memory performance and memory-related neurophysiology in young, healthy subjects is unknown. We found an association of APOE epsilon4 with better episodic memory compared with APOE epsilon2 and epsilon3 in 340 young, healthy persons. Neuroimaging was performed in a subset of 34 memory-matched individuals to study genetic effects on memory-related brain activity independently of differential performance. E4 carriers decreased brain activity over 3 learning runs, whereas epsilon2 and epsilon3 carriers increased activity. This smaller neural investment of epsilon4 carriers into learning reappeared during retrieval: epsilon4 carriers exhibited reduced retrieval-related activity with equal retrieval performance. APOE isoforms had no differential effects on cognitive measures other than memory, brain volumes, and brain activity related to working memory. We suggest that APOE epsilon4 is associated with good episodic memory and an economic use of memory-related neural resources in young, healthy humans.
Collapse
|
32
|
Papassotiropoulos A, Stephan DA, Huentelman MJ, Hoerndli FJ, Craig DW, Pearson JV, Huynh KD, Brunner F, Corneveaux J, Osborne D, Wollmer MA, Aerni A, Coluccia D, Hänggi J, Mondadori CRA, Buchmann A, Reiman EM, Caselli RJ, Henke K, de Quervain DJF. Common Kibra alleles are associated with human memory performance. Science 2006; 314:475-8. [PMID: 17053149 DOI: 10.1126/science.1129837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 323] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Human memory is a polygenic trait. We performed a genome-wide screen to identify memory-related gene variants. A genomic locus encoding the brain protein KIBRA was significantly associated with memory performance in three independent, cognitively normal cohorts from Switzerland and the United States. Gene expression studies showed that KIBRA was expressed in memory-related brain structures. Functional magnetic resonance imaging detected KIBRA allele-dependent differences in hippocampal activations during memory retrieval. Evidence from these experiments suggests a role for KIBRA in human memory.
Collapse
|
33
|
Zimmermann US, Buchmann A, Steffin B, Dieterle C, Uhr M. Alcohol drinking but not psychosocial stress acutely affects ghrelin secretion in healthy volunteers. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2006. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-954727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
34
|
Mondadori CRA, Buchmann A, Mustovic H, Schmidt CF, Boesiger P, Nitsch RM, Hock C, Streffer J, Henke K. Enhanced brain activity may precede the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease by 30 years. Brain 2006; 129:2908-22. [PMID: 17012294 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awl266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Presenilin 1 (PSEN1) mutations cause autosomal dominant familial Alzheimer's disease (FAD). PSEN1 mutation carriers undergo the course of cognitive deterioration, which is typical for sporadic Alzheimer's disease but disease onset is earlier and disease progression is faster. Here, we sought to detect signs of FAD in presymptomatic carriers of the PSEN1 mutation (C410Y) by use of a neuropsychological examination, functional MRI during learning and memory tasks and MRI volumetry. We examined five non-demented members of a FAD family and 21 non-related controls. Two of the five family members were carrying the mutation; one was 20 years old and the other 45 years old. The age of clinical manifestation of FAD in the family studied here is approximately 48 years. Neuropsychological assessments suggested subtle problems with episodic memory in the 20-year-old mutation carrier. The middle-aged mutation carrier fulfilled criteria for amnestic mild cognitive impairment. The 20-year-old mutation carrier exhibited increased, while the middle-aged mutation carrier exhibited decreased brain activity compared to controls within memory-related neural networks during episodic learning and retrieval, but not during a working-memory task. The increased memory-related brain activity in the young mutation carrier might reflect a compensatory effort to overcome preclinical neural dysfunction caused by first pathological changes. The activity reductions in the middle-aged mutation carrier might reflect gross neural dysfunction in a more advanced stage of neuropathology. These data suggest that functional neuroimaging along with tasks that challenge specifically those brain areas which are initial targets of Alzheimer's disease pathology may reveal activity alterations on a single-subject level decades before the clinical manifestation of Alzheimer's disease.
Collapse
|
35
|
Aydinlik H, Nguyen TD, Moennikes O, Buchmann A, Schwarz M. Selective pressure during tumor promotion by phenobarbital leads to clonal outgrowth of beta-catenin-mutated mouse liver tumors. Oncogene 2001; 20:7812-6. [PMID: 11753661 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1204982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2001] [Revised: 09/11/2001] [Accepted: 09/18/2001] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Tumor promoters are non-mutagenic chemicals which increase the probability of cancer by accelerating the clonal expansion of cells transformed during tumor initiation. Phenobarbital (PB) is an antiepileptic drug which promotes hepatocarcinogenesis in rodents when administered subsequent to an initiating carcinogen like diethylnitrosamine (DEN). Here we have investigated the prevalence and patterns of mutations in two genes, Ha-ras and beta-catenin, both known mutational targets in mouse hepatocarcinogenesis. Liver tumors were generated by a single administration of DEN to 6 week old mice followed by feeding of PB (0.05%) containing or control diet for 39 weeks. Mutations at Ha-ras codon 61 were screened by allele-specific oligonucleotide hybridization; beta-catenin mutations were detected by direct sequencing of PCR products spanning exon 2. In tumors from mice treated with DEN alone, the prevalence of Ha-ras mutations was approximately 30% (6/20), while no beta-catenin mutations (0/13) were detectable in tumors of this treatment group. By contrast, Ha-ras mutations were undetectable in tumors from mice treated with DEN/PB (0/32), while approximately 80% (37/46) of tumors from this group showed beta-catenin mutations. These results demonstrate that PB strongly affects the prevalence of mutations in the two cancer-related genes, presumably by positive and negative selection for cells harboring the respective mutation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Aydinlik
- Institut für Toxikologie, Universität Tübingen, Wilhelmstr. 56, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Buenemann CL, Willy C, Buchmann A, Schmiechen A, Schwarz M. Transforming growth factor-beta1-induced Smad signaling, cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis in hepatoma cells. Carcinogenesis 2001; 22:447-52. [PMID: 11238185 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/22.3.447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGFbeta) is involved in the regulation of liver cell proliferation and apoptosis, and escape of hepatoma cells from the growth restraining signals of TGFbeta has been suggested to contribute to tumor development. TGFbeta modulates gene transcription by receptor-mediated activation of Smad proteins which act as transcription factors. TGFbeta-mediated primary signaling responses as well as effects on the cell cycle and apoptosis were investigated in the human hepatoblastoma line HepG2, the rat hepatoma line FTO-2B and the mouse hepatoma line 55.1c. Activation of a Smad (Sma and Mad homolog) response-element-driven luciferase reporter by TGFbeta was very similar in all three cell lines, indicating functionality of the primary TGFbeta signaling pathway. Moreover, TGFbeta-inducible early gene was transiently activated by TGFbeta in all cell lines as shown by RT-PCR. HepG2 cells, however, were completely resistant to TGFbeta-induced growth arrest and apoptosis and 55.1c cells were only slightly susceptible to TGFbeta-induced apoptosis. By contrast, treatment of FTO-2B cells with TGFbeta led to a partial G0/G1 arrest and a strong induction of apoptosis. TGFbeta-induced apoptosis of FTO-2B cells was inhibited by dexamethasone, insulin, phenobarbital and dieldrin. Of these agents, only insulin led to a significant reduction of TGFbeta-stimulated Smad-reporter activity, suggesting that the other compounds interfere with TGFbeta-induced apoptosis downstream of Smad-mediated primary transcriptional responses at a level that may be constitutively altered in apoptosis-resistant hepatoma cell lines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C L Buenemann
- Institute of Toxicology, University of Tübingen, Wilhelmstrabetae 56, D-72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Moennikes O, Buchmann A, Romualdi A, Ott T, Werringloer J, Willecke K, Schwarz M. Lack of phenobarbital-mediated promotion of hepatocarcinogenesis in connexin32-null mice. Cancer Res 2000; 60:5087-91. [PMID: 11016633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Connexin32 (Cx32) is the major gap junction forming protein in liver. We have recently shown that hepatocarcinogenesis is strongly enhanced in mice deficient in Cx32, demonstrating that lack of functional Cx32 accelerates liver tumorigenesis. Many tumor-promoting agents, including phenobarbital, block gap junctional intercellular communication in vitro, and it has been suggested that this effect is relevant for clonal expansion of neoplastic cells in vivo. We have now tested this hypothesis by analyzing the potency of phenobarbital as a liver tumor promoter in male Cx32-wild-type (Cx32(Y/+)) and Cx32-null (Cx32(Y/-)) mice. Preneoplastic and neoplastic liver lesions were induced in 6-week-old male mice by a single injection of 90 microg/g body weight of N-nitrosodiethylamine, and groups of mice were subsequently kept on phenobarbital-containing (0.05%) or control diet for 39 weeks. Frozen liver sections were prepared, and (pre)neoplastic lesions were identified by their deficiency in glucose-6-phosphatase staining. In addition, the number and size of macroscopically visible tumors were monitored. Phenobarbital led to a approximately 5-fold increase in the volume fraction occupied by glucose-6-phosphatase-deficient liver lesions in Cx32(Y/+) mice, whereas there was no such increase in Cx32(Y/-) mice. Even more pronounced differences were observed with respect to tumor response. Whereas phenobarbital clearly promoted the occurrence of numerous large hepatomas in Cx32(Y/+) mice, no such effect was seen in Cx32(Y/-) mice. These results demonstrate, for the first time, that functional Cx32 protein is required for tumor promotion by phenobarbital.
Collapse
|
38
|
Abstract
Mice deficient for connexin32 (Cx32), the major gap junction forming protein in liver, are highly susceptible to hepatocarcinogenesis. Because the Cx32 gene is located on the X-chromosome, heterozygous females show mosaicism with respect to Cx32 expression; this enables their use in studying the effect of Cx32-deficiency in a mixed Cx32-plus/Cx32-minus environment in vivo. Female C3H/He mice (Cx32(+/+)) were crossed with Cx32-deficient C57BL/129Sv males (Cx32(Y/-)) to yield F1 females heterozygous with respect to Cx32 (Cx32(+/-)). Patches of hepatocytes were observed in normal liver that either expressed Cx32 or failed to express the protein. The mean fraction of Cx32-negative tissue in liver was about 60% and did not change significantly with age of mice. Neoplastic liver lesions, induced in weanling mice, were identified in serial liver sections by their deficiency in glucose-6-phosphatase staining. Parallel sections were used for immunohistochemical demonstration of Cx32 protein. Smaller lesions were either homogenously Cx32-negative or showed unchanged to slightly elevated levels of Cx32 protein. There were no major differences in number and size distribution between lesions of these 2 phenotypes. In addition, larger lesions were mostly Cx32-negative but often contained embedded patches of Cx32-positive cells. Staining for the proliferation-associated nuclear antigen Ki-67 did not reveal significant differences between Cx32-negative and Cx32-positive hepatocytes in Cx32-mosaic tumors. This suggests that expression of Cx32 within a subpopulation of tumor cells does not negatively regulate their growth nor does it seem to affect the proliferation of their directly neighboring Cx32-negative counterparts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- O Moennikes
- Institut für Toxikologie, Tübingen, Bonn, Germany
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Luebeck EG, Buchmann A, Stinchcombe S, Moolgavkar SH, Schwarz M. Effects of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin on initiation and promotion of GST-P-positive foci in rat liver: A quantitative analysis of experimental data using a stochastic model. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2000; 167:63-73. [PMID: 10936080 DOI: 10.1006/taap.2000.8980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We use a stochastic model describing initiation and clonal growth of altered cells to analyze data from an initiation-promotion hepatocarcinogenesis experiment in female Wistar rats. Starting at 7 weeks of age, the animals were treated for 10 days with the initiating agent diethylnitrosamine (DEN, 10 mg/kg body wt per day). After a 10-week resting period, the animals were treated either with corn oil or with 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) via biweekly sc injections of 1.4 microg/kg body wt of TCDD dissolved in corn oil. Groups of four or five animals were euthanized 3, 17, 31, 73, and 115 days after start of TCDD/corn oil treatment. The data analyzed consist of the number and sizes of GST-P-positive focal transections at various time points. By fitting the model to the data, we estimate the rates of initiation, cell division, and cell death during different time periods of the experiment. The model estimates of cell kinetic parameters are consistent with directly made experimental observations of cell division and cell death. The model predicts that DEN-induced initiation of GST-P-positive cells is highly protracted in controls and TCDD-treated animals alike. We also find that TCDD interferes with the normal rate at which cells with (DEN-inflicted) DNA damage are converted into cells expressing the GST-P-positive phenotype, suggesting a TCDD-mediated "acceleration" of the appearance of de novo GST-P-positive initiated cells from damaged precursor cells. Furthermore, the model predicts a significant reduction in the rate of apoptosis within the first 4 to 5 weeks of TCDD treatment, and after 10 weeks of TCDD treatment, but not in between.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E G Luebeck
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Avenue North, Seattle, Washington 98109-1024, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Abstract
A number of agonists of the aryl hydrocarbon or dioxin receptor (AhR) are potent tumor promoters in rodent liver. The prototype compound is 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). Tumor promotion by TCDD is likely to be AhR-mediated. Tumor promoters may affect the rate of division, terminal differentiation or death (apoptosis) of tumor precursor cells. The present paper reviews some of the effects of TCDD on liver cell homeostasis that have been observed under diverse experimental settings and discusses some of the possible underlying mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Schwarz
- Institute of Toxicology, University of Tübingen, Wilhelmstr. 56, D-72074, Tübingen, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Abstract
Liver tumors were induced in male C3H mice by a single injection of N-nitrosodiethylamine and characterized with respect to the presence of base substitutions in the hot-spot position at codon 61 of the Ha-ras proto-oncogene. An increase in Ha-ras mutation prevalence was found with time after induction of tumors, suggesting that the activated ras gene provides a selective growth advantage. However, no significant differences in 5-bromodeoxyuridine labeling indices were evident between ras mutated and ras wild-type tumors, demonstrating that cell division rates in the two tumor populations were very similar. Apoptotic indices were determined by counting eosinophilic apoptotic bodies. The frequency of occurrence of apoptotic bodies was found to be approximately five times lower in tumors with Ha-ras mutations when compared with tumors not showing the mutation. This demonstrates that the activated p21(Ras) protein has anti-apoptotic activity in transformed mouse hepatocytes in vivo and suggests that the preferential outgrowth of Ha-ras-mutated hepatoma cells is mediated by suppression of apoptosis rather than by stimulation of cell division.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Frey
- Institut für Toxikologie, Universität Tübingen, Wilhelmstrabetae 56, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Moennikes O, Buchmann A, Ott T, Willecke1 K, Schwarz M. The effect of connexin32 null mutation on hepatocarcinogenesis in different mouse strains. Carcinogenesis 1999; 20:1379-82. [PMID: 10383916 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/20.7.1379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Connexin32 (Cx32) is the major gap junctional protein in mouse liver. We have shown recently that the formation of liver tumours in Cx32-deficient mice is strongly increased in comparison with control wild-type mice, demonstrating that the deficiency in gap junctional communication has an enhancing effect on hepatocarcinogenesis. We have now compared the effect of Cx32 deficiency on liver carcinogenesis in two strains of mice with differing susceptibility to hepatocarcinogenesis. Heterozygous Cx32(+/-) females were crossed with male Cx32 wild-type C57BL/6J (low susceptibility) or C3H/He (high susceptibility) mice. Since the Cx32 gene is located on the X-chromosome, the resulting F1 males segregated to the genotypes Cx32(Y/+) and Cx32(Y/-). Genotyping was performed by PCR-analysis using tail-tip DNA. Weanling male mice were i.p. injected with a single dose of N-nitrosodiethylamine and were killed 16, 21 or 26 weeks later. The number, volume fraction and size distribution of precancerous liver lesions characterized by a deficiency in the marker enzyme glucose-6-phosphatase were quantitated. The results demonstrate that Cx32 deficiency only slightly affects the number of enzyme-altered lesions, but strongly enhances their growth, both in the resistant and the susceptible mouse strain, suggesting that decreased intercellular communication results in tumour promoting activity irrespective of the genetic background of the mouse strain used. Since Cx32-deficient C3H/He hybrids were approximately 5-10 times more sensitive than C3H/He hybrids with an intact Cx32 gene, this mouse strain may prove very useful for toxicological screening purposes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- O Moennikes
- Institut für Toxikologie, Wilhelmstrabetae 56, 72074 Tübingen and Institut für Genetik, Bonn, Germany
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Buchmann A, Willy C, Buenemann CL, Stroh C, Schmiechen A, Schwarz M. Inhibition of transforming growth factor beta1-induced hepatoma cell apoptosis by liver tumor promoters: characterization of primary signaling events and effects on CPP32-like caspase activity. Cell Death Differ 1999; 6:190-200. [PMID: 10200566 DOI: 10.1038/sj.cdd.4400475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of the liver tumor promoters phenobarbital, clofibrate, dieldrin, and DDT on transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGFbeta)-induced apoptosis were studied in FTO-2B hepatoma cells. Inhibition of apoptosis by these compounds was strongly correlated with a decrease in CPP32-like caspase activity. Similar effects were obtained with insulin and dexamethasone. CPP32-like activity may thus provide a useful tool for quantiation of apoptosis under various treatment conditions. Diverse effects on apoptosis-associated cellular signaling proteins were observed: insulin led to an activation of the MAP kinases ERK1/2, of PKB/Akt and of NF-kappaB, phenobarbital and clofibrate enhanced NF-kappaB activity solely, while dexamethasone slightly enhanced NF-kappaB activity and increased the expression of Bcl-xL. Since inhibition of apoptosis was still detectable if the anti-apoptotic compounds were administered more than 10 h after TGFbeta, the diverse primary signals appear to converge at a presumably late stage of apoptosis, but upstream of activation of CPP32 or related caspases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Buchmann
- Institute of Toxicology, University of Tübingen, Wilhelmstr. 56, 72074 Tübingen, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Kress S, Stein A, Maurer P, Weber B, Reichert J, Buchmann A, Huppert P, Schwarz M. Expression of hypoxia-inducible genes in tumor cells. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 1998; 124:315-20. [PMID: 9692838 DOI: 10.1007/s004320050175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Tumor tissue oxygenation impacts on proliferation of cancer cells and their sensitivity towards radio- and chemotherapy. Under low oxygen, mammalian cells show an adaptive response that leads to the induction of a number of genes with well-defined roles in oxygen supply and energy maintenance, e.g. genes encoding enzymes of the glycolytic pathway. The hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1), a transcription factor consisting of the two proteins HIF-1alpha and HIF-1beta, plays a major role in the pleiotropic response observed under low oxygen. We have determined, by Northern analysis, the mRNA levels of HIF-1alpha and of two glycolytic enzymes known to be transcriptionally activated by HIF-1, namely phosphoglycerate kinase 1 (PGK 1) and pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2), in different hepatoma cell lines and in mouse and human tissues. Hypoxic treatment of various mouse and human hepatoma cell lines led to the expected increase in the amount of PGK1 and PKM2 mRNA, while HIF-1alpha mRNA levels were not significantly elevated. Analysis of mouse liver tumors demonstrated no tumor-specific increases in HIF-1alpha or PGK1 mRNA levels. In five of eight human colorectal cancers investigated, PGK1 and PKM2 mRNA levels were increased in comparison to the corresponding normal tissues, while HIF-1alpha mRNA levels were not significantly changed. The majority of the colorectal cancers demonstrated p53 immunoreactivity, presumably due to mutation of the gene; there was, however, no correlation between the p53 staining pattern and mRNA expression levels of glycolytic enzymes.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Blotting, Northern
- Cell Hypoxia/physiology
- Colorectal Neoplasms/enzymology
- Colorectal Neoplasms/genetics
- Colorectal Neoplasms/metabolism
- DNA-Binding Proteins/biosynthesis
- DNA-Binding Proteins/physiology
- Enzyme Activation
- Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Hepatoblastoma/enzymology
- Hepatoblastoma/genetics
- Hepatoblastoma/metabolism
- Humans
- Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1
- Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit
- Liver Neoplasms/enzymology
- Liver Neoplasms/genetics
- Liver Neoplasms/metabolism
- Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/enzymology
- Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/genetics
- Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/metabolism
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C3H
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Muscles/enzymology
- Neoplasms/enzymology
- Neoplasms/genetics
- Neoplasms/metabolism
- Nuclear Proteins/biosynthesis
- Nuclear Proteins/physiology
- Phosphoglycerate Kinase/biosynthesis
- Pyruvate Kinase/biosynthesis
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Transcription Factors
- Transcriptional Activation
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Kress
- Institut für Toxikologie, Universität Tübingen, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Kalkuhl A, Troppmair J, Buchmann A, Stinchcombe S, Buenemann CL, Rapp UR, Kaestner K, Schwarz M. p21Ras downstream effectors are increased in activity or expression in mouse liver tumors but do not differ between ras-mutated and ras-wild-type lesions. Hepatology 1998; 27:1081-8. [PMID: 9537449 DOI: 10.1002/hep.510270425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
Mouse liver tumors frequently harbor activating ras gene mutations. Downstream effector molecules of p21Ras include Raf-1 kinase which mediates external signals via kinase signaling pathways to nuclear transcription factors including c-Fos and c-Jun. Mouse liver tumors with differing ras-mutational status were analyzed for alterations in Ras/Raf-1 signal transduction. Tumors were characterized with respect to the presence of base substitutions in the 3 known hot-spot positions at codons 12, 13, and 61 of Ha-ras, Ki-ras, and N-ras. Ha-ras codon 61 or Ki-ras codon 13 mutations, but no N-ras mutations, were detected in 23 out of 33 tumors analyzed, while no ras-mutations were found in 10 of the tumors. There was no significant difference in the expression of p21RaS proteins between ras-mutated tumors and tumors without detectable ras mutations. To allow for determination of Raf-1 kinase activity in tumors, a sensitive and specific assay was developed for measurements with tissue homogenates. Raf-1 kinase activity was increased about four-fold in liver tumors as compared with normal liver tissue. No significant differences in kinase activity, however, were evident between ras-mutated and ras-wild-type tumors. The same was true with respect to the levels of c-fos and c-jun mRNAs. Moreover, there were no significant differences in cell division (5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine-labeling indices) of hepatocytes from ras-mutated and ras-wild-type tumors. The similar degree of constitutive activation of the Ras/Raf-1 signaling pathway in liver tumors, with and without detectable ras mutations, suggests that other molecules within the signaling pathway may substitute for ras-mutations during oncogenic conversion of ras-wild-type hepatocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Kalkuhl
- Institute of Toxicology, University of Tübingen, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Unger C, Buchmann A, Bünemann CL, Kress S, Schwarz M. Wild-type function of the p53 tumor suppressor protein is not required for apoptosis of mouse hepatoma cells. Cell Death Differ 1998; 5:87-95. [PMID: 10200449 DOI: 10.1038/sj.cdd.4400321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of the tumor suppressor protein p53 in apoptosis of mouse hepatoma cells was studied. Different lines were used which were either p53 wild-type or carried various types of heterozygous or homozygous p53 mutations. The presence of mutations was demonstrated to correlate with a lack in transactivating activity of p53. While UV-light effectively produced apoptosis in cells of all lines, irrespective of their p53 mutational status, gamma-irradiation induced the formation of micronuclei but failed to induce apoptosis. Both UV- and gamma-irradiation led to nuclear accumulation and increases in p53 protein in p53 wild-type cells. Similarly, no significant differences in apoptotic response between p53 wild-type and p53 mutated cells were seen with other apoptotic stimuli like CD95/APO-1/Fas or TNFalpha. These data suggest that wild-type p53 is not required for induction of apoptosis in mouse hepatoma cells which may explain the apparent lack of p53 mutations in mouse liver tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Unger
- Institute of Toxicology, University of Tübingen, Wilhelmstr. 56, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Buniatian G, Traub P, Albinus M, Beckers G, Buchmann A, Gebhardt R, Osswald H. The immunoreactivity of glial fibrillary acidic protein in mesangial cells and podocytes of the glomeruli of rat kidney in vivo and in culture. Biol Cell 1998; 90:53-61. [PMID: 9691426 DOI: 10.1016/s0248-4900(98)80232-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In this study the presence of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in kidney is for the first time demonstrated in cryostat sections and cultures of isolated glomerular explants derived from rat kidneys. In double immunolabelling analysis of adult rat kidney sections using antiserum against GFAP and monoclonal antibody (mAb) against vimentin or desmin, the presence of immunoreactivity for GFAP could be observed in the glomerulus of the kidney and vascular cells situated in the peritubular space which expressed vimentin and desmin. Labelling of the sections with absorbed antiserum against GFAP completely abolished the staining in all these cells. The mAb against GFAP, clone GF12.24 which is known to label GFAP both in neural and non-neural cells, recognised its antigen only in the cells located in glomeruli. The investigations performed on early 2- or 3-day-old cultures from glomerular explants revealed different patterns of staining for GFAP in mesangial cells and podocytes: weak filamentous in mesangial cells and a strong non-filamentous perinuclear pattern in podocytes. Due to prominent perinuclear expression in podocytes GFAP may be considered as a marker of these cells. A different pattern of distribution of immunoreactivity for GFAP in podocytes and mesangial cells might be due to function-related posttranslational modifications of GFAP resulting in assembly or disassembly of GFAP filaments. The different pattern of staining for GFAP in the podocytes and mesangial cells, cells which exert a different influence on the capillaries of the glomeruli, suggests a role for GFAP in regulation of the tension and permeability of vascular walls. Previous investigations and present studies hint at GFAP as being a general marker of perivascular cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Buniatian
- Physiologisch-chemisches Institut der Universität, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Temme A, Buchmann A, Gabriel HD, Nelles E, Schwarz M, Willecke K. High incidence of spontaneous and chemically induced liver tumors in mice deficient for connexin32. Curr Biol 1997; 7:713-6. [PMID: 9285723 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-9822(06)00302-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Connexins are subunits of gap junction channels, which mediate the direct transfer of ions, second messenger molecules and other metabolites between contacting cells. Gap junctions are thought to be involved in tissue homeostasis, embryonic development and the control of cell proliferation [1,2]. It has also been suggested that the loss of intercellular communication via gap junctions may contribute to multistage carcinogenesis [3-5]. We have previously shown that transgenic mice that lack connexin32 (Cx32), the major gap junction protein expressed in hepatocytes, express lower levels of a second hepatic gap junction protein, Cx26, suggesting that Cx32 has a stabilizing effect on Cx26 [6]. Here, we report that male and female one-year-old mice deficient for Cx32 had 25-fold more and 8-fold more spontaneous liver tumors than wild-type mice, respectively. Incorporation of bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) into the liver was higher for Cx32-deficient mice than for wild-type mice, suggesting that their hepatocyte proliferation rate was higher. Furthermore, intraperitoneal injection, two weeks after birth, of the carcinogen diethylnitrosamine (DEN) led, after one year, both to more liver tumors in Cx32-deficient mice than in controls, and to accelerated tumor growth. Loss of Cx32 protein from hepatic gap junctions is therefore likely to cause enhanced clonal survival and expansion of mutated ('initiated') cells, which results in a higher susceptibility to hepatic tumors. Our results demonstrate that functional gap junctions inhibit the development of spontaneous and chemically induced tumors in mouse liver.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Temme
- Institut für Genetik, Abt. Molekulargenetik, Universität Bonn, Römerstr. 164, 53117 Bonn, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Moolgavkar SH, Luebeck EG, Buchmann A, Bock KW. Quantitative analysis of enzyme-altered liver foci in rats initiated with diethylnitrosamine and promoted with 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin or 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-heptachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 1996; 138:31-42. [PMID: 8658510 DOI: 10.1006/taap.1996.0094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
A quantitative method based upon a stochastic model was used to estimate rates of initiation (alteration to express the ATPase-deficient phenotype) and of clonal growth of altered cells in an initiation promotion experiment in the livers of female Wistar rats. Diethylnitrosamine (DEN) was used as the initiating agent followed by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) or 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-heptachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (HCDD) as promoters. Two distinct versions of the stochastic model, called Model I and Model II, were fitted to the data. Model I made the assumption that, after the initial phase of acute initiation with DEN, background rates of initiation were equal in animals treated with DEN and controls that were not so treated. Model II, which fit the data substantially better than Model I, assumed that background rates of initiation were different in DEN-treated animals and animals not so treated, even after the acute phase of initiation was over. Both models indicate that the rates of cell division and apoptosis of altered cells are increased during TCDD treatment. In contrast, the rate of division remains more or less constant during treatment with HCDD, but the rate of apoptosis is decreased. The background rate of initiation during treatment with HCDD is equal to that in controls not administered promoters. With TCDD treatment, however, the rate of initiation estimated from the model is substantially increased over controls. The analysis also suggests that there is heterogeneity within foci of the rates of cell division, with cells on the surface of foci dividing faster than cells in the interior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S H Moolgavkar
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98104, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Abstract
Preneoplastic and neoplastic lesions in rodent liver show alterations in the expression of various enzymes which can be used for their identification. To address the question whether these enzymatic alterations result from specific changes in the levels of hepatocyte-enriched nuclear factors (HNF), we analysed the mRNA levels of six different HNFs (HNF-1alpha, beta, HNF-3alpha, beta, gamma, and HNF-4) by RNase protection assay in chemically induced liver tumours and corresponding normal liver tissue from mice of three different strains. When compared with the normal liver tissue, HNF-1beta, HNF-3alpha and HNF-3beta showed unchanged expression levels in the various liver tumours, which HNF-1alpha and HNF-4 mRNAs were lowered by 20-30%, and HNF-3gamma mRNA was increased by 50%. There were no significant differences in HNF-expression between tumours harbouring point mutations at codon 61 of the Ha-ras protooncogene and tumours without detectable Ha-ras mutations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Kalkuhl
- Institute of Toxicology, University of Tübingen, Germany
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|