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Mosmann J, Frutos MC, Origlia JA, Gallo Vaulet ML, García MG, Vilar G, Pérez C, Madariaga MJ, Cuffini C, Cadario ME. Are Mycoplasma pneumoniae coinfections frequent in COVID-19 patients? A systematic review. Rev Argent Microbiol 2024:S0325-7541(24)00057-9. [PMID: 38991918 DOI: 10.1016/j.ram.2024.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Understanding the proportion of SARS-CoV-2 patients with Mycoplasmapneumoniae coinfection is crucial for treating patients suffering from coronavirus disease (COVID-19), help to ensure responsible use of antibiotics and minimize the negative consequences of overuse. In addition, this knowledge could have an impact on empirical antibiotic management guidelines for patients with COVID-19. This systematic review aimed to identify the prevalence of M. pneumoniae in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). A bibliographic search of studies published in Spanish or English was conducted using the PubMed search engine. Fourteen articles from different continents (America, Asia and Europe) were included, involving a total of 5855 patients in these studies. The mean age of COVID-19 patients with M. pneumoniae was 48 years old (range 1-107), most of whom were male. The detection of laboratory-confirmed M. pneumoniae infection varied between 0 and 33.3%. Most of patients referred fever, cough, and dyspnea, and received empirical antibiotic treatment. Bacterial coinfection was not associated with increased ICU admission and mortality. The prevalence of coinfection showed extremely dissimilar figures according to the population studied and diagnostic criteria. However, it is important to develop Latin American studies, given the heterogeneity observed in the studies conducted in different countries. Standardized definitions should be developed in order to be able to assess the impact of coinfections in patients with a diagnosis of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Mosmann
- Instituto de Virología, Dr. J.M. Vanella, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas - Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - María Celia Frutos
- Instituto de Virología, Dr. J.M. Vanella, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas - Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Javier Anibal Origlia
- Cátedra de Patología de Aves y Pilíferos, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - María Lucia Gallo Vaulet
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Cátedra de Microbiología Clínica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Miriam Gabriela García
- Laboratorio de Virología y Biología Molecular, Hospital Interzonal General Agudos Pedro Fiorito, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriela Vilar
- Departamento de Bacteriología, INEI-ANLIS Dr. Carlos G Malbrán, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Celeste Pérez
- Departamento de Bacteriología, INEI-ANLIS Dr. Carlos G Malbrán, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Julia Madariaga
- Sección Serología y Pruebas Biológicas, Instituto de Zoonosis Luis Pasteur, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cecilia Cuffini
- Instituto de Virología, Dr. J.M. Vanella, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas - Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - María Estela Cadario
- Departamento de Bacteriología, INEI-ANLIS Dr. Carlos G Malbrán, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Departamento de Virología, INEI-ANLIS Dr. Carlos G Malbrán, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Mills DC, Huder JB, Bloemberg GV, Huber M. Comparison of three cartridge-based platforms for syndromic testing for respiratory viruses. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2024; 109:116308. [PMID: 38688147 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2024.116308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Syndromic testing, the simultaneous testing for multiple pathogens causing similar symptoms, has recently gained ground in clinical diagnostics. This approach can significantly shorten time to diagnosis and speed up decision-making, leading to an improved outcome for the patient. Here, we compared three automated multiplex PCR platforms for syndromic testing of respiratory samples in a retrospective study, and assessed their relative sensitivities. The PPA between BioFire and QIAstat compared to ePlex was 98.4 % and 93.8 %, respectively, and 6 discrepant results were observed. The BioFire was identified as the platform with the highest relative sensitivity. Overall, the platforms performed similarly and are all suitable for syndromic testing of respiratory samples.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jon Barduot Huder
- Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Michael Huber
- Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Said KB, Alsolami A, Alshammari KF, Alshammari F, Alhallabi SA, Alafnan SF, Moussa S, Bashir AI, Alshurtan KS, Aboras R, Sogeir EK, Alnajib AMA, Alotaibi AD, Ahmed RME. A Sequent of Gram-Negative Co-Infectome-Induced Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Are Potentially Subtle Aggravators Associated to the SARS-CoV-2 Evolution of Virulence. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:120. [PMID: 38201429 PMCID: PMC10802668 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14010120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is one of the major problems in COVID-19 that is not well understood. ARDS is usually complicated by co-infections in hospitals. Although ARDS is inherited by Europeans and Africans, this is not clear for those from the Middle East. There are severe limitations in correlations made between COVID-19, ARDS, co-infectome, and patient demographics. We investigated 298 patients for associations of ARDS, coinfections, and patient demographics on COVID-19 patients' outcomes. Of the 149 patients examined for ARDS during COVID-19, 16 had an incidence with a higher case fatality rate (CFR) of 75.0% compared to those without ARDS (27.0%) (p value = 0.0001). The co-infectome association showed a CFR of 31.3% in co-infected patients; meanwhile, only 4.8% of those without co-infections (p value = 0.01) died. The major bacteria were Acinetobacter baumannii and Escherichia coli, either alone or in a mixed infection with Klebsiella pneumoniae. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis of COVID-19 patients with and without ARDS revealed a significant difference in the survival time of patients with ARDS (58.8 +/- 2.7 days) and without ARDS (41.9 +/- 1.8 days) (p value = 0.0002). These findings prove that increased hospital time was risky for co-infectome-induced SDRS later on. This also explained that while empiric therapy and lethal ventilations delayed the mortality in 75% of patients, they potentially did not help those without co-infection or ARDS who stayed for shorter times. In addition, the age of patients (n = 298) was significantly associated with ARDS (72.9 +/- 8.9) compared to those without it (56.2 +/- 15.1) and was irrespective of gender. However, there were no significant differences neither in the age of admitted patients before COVID-19 (58.5 +/- 15.3) and during COVID-19 (57.2 +/- 15.5) nor in the gender and COVID-19 fatality (p value 0.546). Thus, Gram-negative co-infectome potentially induced fatal ARDS, aggravating the COVID-19 outcome. These findings are important for the specific differential diagnosis of patients with and without ARDS and co-infections. Future vertical investigations on mechanisms of Gram-negative-induced ARDS are imperative since hypervirulent strains are rapidly circulating. This study was limited as it was a single-center study confined to Ha'il hospitals; a large-scale investigation in major national hospitals would gain more insights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamaleldin B. Said
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Ha’il, Ha’il 55476, Saudi Arabia (R.M.E.A.)
- Genomics, Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel-By Drive, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Ahmed Alsolami
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ha’il, Ha’il 55476, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid F. Alshammari
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ha’il, Ha’il 55476, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fawaz Alshammari
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, University of Ha’il, Ha’il 55476, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sulaf A. Alhallabi
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Ha’il, Ha’il 55476, Saudi Arabia (R.M.E.A.)
| | - Shahad F. Alafnan
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Ha’il, Ha’il 55476, Saudi Arabia (R.M.E.A.)
| | - Safia Moussa
- Department of Microbiology, King Salman Specialist Hospital, Ha’il 55476, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Abdelhafiz I. Bashir
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Hail, Ha’il 55476, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kareemah S. Alshurtan
- Departments of Intensive Care, College of Medicine, University of Ha’il, Ha’il 55476, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rana Aboras
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ha’il, Ha’il 55476, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ehab K. Sogeir
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ha’il, Ha’il 55476, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alfatih M. A. Alnajib
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Ha’il, Ha’il 55476, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah D. Alotaibi
- Department of Otolaryngology, College of Medicine, University of Ha’il, Ha’il 55476, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ruba M. Elsaid Ahmed
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Ha’il, Ha’il 55476, Saudi Arabia (R.M.E.A.)
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Sasidharan A, Selvarangan R, Konrad K, Faron ML, Shakir SM, Hillyard D, McCall RK, McHardy IH, Goldberg DC, Dunn JJ, Greninger AL, Lansang C, Bogh R, Remillard CV. Multi-center clinical evaluation of the Panther Fusion SARS-CoV-2/Flu A/B/RSV assay in nasopharyngeal swab specimens from symptomatic individuals. J Clin Microbiol 2023; 61:e0082723. [PMID: 37902331 PMCID: PMC10662375 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00827-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The symptomology is overlapping for respiratory infections due to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), influenza A/B viruses, and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). Accurate detection is essential for proper medical management decisions. This study evaluated the clinical performance of the Panther Fusion SARS-CoV-2/Flu A/B/RSV assay in nasopharyngeal swab (NPS) specimens from individuals of all ages with signs and symptoms of respiratory infection consistent with COVID-19, influenza, or RSV. Retrospective known-positive and prospectively obtained residual NPS specimens were collected during two respiratory seasons in the USA. Clinical performance was established by comparing Panther Fusion SARS-CoV-2/Flu assay results to a three-molecular assay composite comparator interpretation for SARS-CoV-2 and to the FDA-cleared Panther Fusion Flu A/B/RSV assay results for all non-SARS-CoV-2 targets. A total of 1,900 prospective and 95 retrospective NPS specimens were included in the analyses. The overall prevalence in prospectively obtained specimens was 20.7% for SARS-CoV-2, 6.7% for influenza A, and 0.7% for RSV; all influenza B-positive specimens were retrospective specimens. The positive percent agreement of the Panther Fusion assay was 96.9% (378/390) for SARS-CoV-2, 98.0% (121/123) for influenza A virus, 95.2% (20/21) for influenza B virus, and 96.6% (57/59) for RSV. The negative percent agreement was ≥98.5% for all target viruses. Specimens with discordant Panther Fusion SARS/Flu/RSV assay results all had cycle threshold values of ≥32.4 (by comparator or by Panther Fusion SARS/Flu/RSV assay). Only five co-infections were detected in the study specimens. The Panther Fusion SARS-CoV-2/Flu/RSV assay provides highly sensitive and specific detection of SARS-CoV-2, influenza A virus, influenza B virus, and RSV in NPS specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kennah Konrad
- The Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
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Bastos CIM, Dani C, Cechinel LR, da Silva Neves AH, Rasia FB, Bianchi SE, da Silveira Loss E, Lamers ML, Meirelles G, Bassani VL, Siqueira IR. Achyrocline satureioides as an adjuvant therapy for the management of mild viral respiratory infections in the context of COVID-19: Preliminary results of a randomized, placebo-controlled, and open-label clinical trial. Phytother Res 2023; 37:5354-5365. [PMID: 37583121 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated the impact of an Achyrocline satureioides inflorescence infusion on the clinical outcomes of viral respiratory infections, including those caused by SARS-CoV-2, in a monocentric, randomized, open-label, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Patients with symptoms of viral respiratory infection, including suspected cases of COVID-19, were included and assigned to receive either A. satureioides (n = 57) or Malus domestica (n = 67) infusions twice a day for 14 days. All participants were included before the RT-PCR results, performed using a nasopharyngeal swab. The patients were further divided into subgroups according to real-time polymerase chain reaction results: SARS-CoV-2-positive and SARS-CoV-2-negative subgroups for statistical analyses. We assessed clinical outcomes, such as the latency to resolution of cough, dyspnea, fever, sore throat, chest pain, smell and taste dysfunctions, diarrhea, nausea, abdominal pain, and loss of appetite; hospitalization; and mortality with questionnaires and medical records. The subjects that received early A. satureioides infusion showed a significant reduction in the average number of days with respiratory and neurological symptoms compared with the control group (M. domestica infusion). We conclude that A. satureioides is a safe agent and, in combination with standard care, improves viral respiratory infection symptoms, especially those related to COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherina Isdra Moszkowicz Bastos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Caroline Dani
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Laura Reck Cechinel
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Fisiologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Arthur Hipolito da Silva Neves
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Briato Rasia
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Sara Elis Bianchi
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Eloisa da Silveira Loss
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Fisiologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Lazzaron Lamers
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Fisiologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Meirelles
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Valquiria Linck Bassani
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Ionara Rodrigues Siqueira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Fisiologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Westbrook A, Wang T, Bhakta K, Sullivan J, Gonzalez MD, Lam W, Rostad CA. Respiratory Coinfections in Children With SARS-CoV-2. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2023; 42:774-780. [PMID: 37257127 PMCID: PMC10417240 DOI: 10.1097/inf.0000000000003981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As the transmission of endemic respiratory pathogens returns to prepandemic levels, understanding the epidemiology of respiratory coinfections in children with SARS-CoV-2 is of increasing importance. METHODS We performed a retrospective analysis of all pediatric patients 0-21 years of age who had a multiplexed BioFire Respiratory Panel 2.1 test performed at Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Georgia, from January 1 to December 31, 2021. We determined the proportion of patients with and without SARS-CoV-2 who had respiratory coinfections and performed Poisson regression to determine the likelihood of coinfection and its association with patient age. RESULTS Of 19,199 respiratory panel tests performed, 1466 (7.64%) were positive for SARS-CoV-2, of which 348 (23.74%) also had coinfection with another pathogen. The most common coinfection was rhino/enterovirus (n = 230, 15.69%), followed by adenovirus (n = 62, 4.23%), and RSV (n = 45, 3.507%). Coinfections with SARS-CoV-2 were most commonly observed in the era of Delta (B.1.617.2) predominance (190, 54.60%), which coincided with periods of peak rhino/enterovirus and RSV transmission. Although coinfections were common among all respiratory pathogens, they were significantly less common with SARS-CoV-2 than other pathogens, with exception of influenza A and B. Children <2 years of age had the highest frequency of coinfection and of detection of any pathogen, including SARS-CoV-2. Among children with SARS-CoV-2, for every 1-year increase in age, the rate of coinfections decreased by 8% (95% CI, 6-9). CONCLUSIONS Respiratory coinfections were common in children with SARS-CoV-2. Factors associated with the specific pathogen, host, and time period influenced the likelihood of coinfection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrianna Westbrook
- From the Pediatric Biostatistics Core, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Tingyu Wang
- From the Pediatric Biostatistics Core, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Kushmita Bhakta
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Julie Sullivan
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Mark D. Gonzalez
- Division of Pathology, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Wilbur Lam
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Christina A. Rostad
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia
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Marques LS, Boschiero MN, Sansone NMS, Brienze LR, Marson FAL. Epidemiological Profile of Hospitalized Patients with Cystic Fibrosis in Brazil Due to Severe Acute Respiratory Infection during the COVID-19 Pandemic and a Systematic Review of Worldwide COVID-19 in Those with Cystic Fibrosis. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:1936. [PMID: 37444770 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11131936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the onset of the coronavirus disease, COVID-19 pandemic, concern arose for those who might be at higher risk of a worse COVID-19 prognosis, such as those with cystic fibrosis (CF). In this context, we evaluated the features of hospitalized patients with CF due to severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) in Brazil and we also performed a systematic review including all the studies published from the beginning of the first case of COVID-19 (17 November 2019) to the date of this search (23 May 2022) which included, concomitantly, patients with CF and COVID-19 in the worldwide population. In our Brazilian data, we evaluated the period from December 2019 to March 2022, and we included 33 demographical and clinical patients' features. We classified the patients into groups: (G1) SARI due to another viral infection than severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) (23; 5.4%), (G2) SARI due to an unknown etiological agent (286; 67.1%), and (G3) SARI due to SARS-CoV-2 infection (117; 27.5%). The individuals in G3 tended to be older, especially over 50 years old, and presented a higher prevalence of dyspnea, peripheral capillary oxygen saturation (SpO2) <95%, and cardiopathy. The highest prevalence for intensive care unit (ICU) treatment (52; 44.4%) and invasive mechanical ventilation (29; 24.8%) was for patients in G3. Almost half of the patients in G3 died (51; 43.6%); in contrast, none in G1 died. However, we observed 43 (15.0%) deaths in G2. In addition, 12 (4.2%) and one (0.9%) death not associated with SARI occurred, respectively, in the G2 and G3. The patients who died due to SARS-CoV-2 infection had a higher frequency of SpO2 <95% (46; 90.2%), ICU treatment (34; 66.7%), and invasive mechanical ventilation (27; 52.9%) when compared to those who recovered. The systematic review comprised a total of 31 papers published as observational studies. These studies comprised 661,386 patients in total, including children, adults, and elderly age groups. However, only 19,150 (2.9%) patients were diagnosed with CF and, from these patients, 2523 (0.4%) were diagnosed with both CF and COVID-19. It was observed that the most common outcome was the need for hospitalization (n = 322 patients with CF), and the need for oxygen support (n = 139 patients with CF). One hundred patients with CF needed intensive care units, fifty patients needed non-invasive mechanical ventilation support, and only three patients were described as receiving invasive mechanical ventilation support. Deaths were described in 38 patients with CF. Importantly, lung-transplanted patients with CF represented an increased risk of death in one publication; in accordance, another study described that lung transplantation and moderate to severe lung disease were independent risk factors for severe outcomes after SARS-CoV-2 infection. In contrast with the literature, in conclusion, Brazilian patients in G3 presented a severe phenotype, even though most of the other studies did not observe worse outcomes in patients with CF and COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Souza Marques
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Genetics, São Francisco University, Bragança Paulista 12916-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Matheus Negri Boschiero
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Genetics, São Francisco University, Bragança Paulista 12916-900, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Letícia Rulli Brienze
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Genetics, São Francisco University, Bragança Paulista 12916-900, SP, Brazil
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Wasnik RN, Vincze F, Földvári A, Pálinkás A, Sándor J. Effectiveness of and Inequalities in COVID-19 Epidemic Control Strategies in Hungary: A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11091220. [PMID: 37174762 PMCID: PMC10178097 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11091220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Before the mass vaccination, epidemiological control measures were the only means of containing the COVID-19 epidemic. Their effectiveness determined the consequences of the COVID-19 epidemic. Our study evaluated the impact of sociodemographic, lifestyle, and clinical factors on patient-reported epidemiological control measures. METHODS A nationwide representative sample of 1008 randomly selected adults were interviewed in person between 15 March and 30 May 2021. The prevalence of test-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection was 12.1%, of testing was 33.7%, and of contact tracing among test-confirmed infected subjects was 67.9%. The vaccination coverage was 52.4%. RESULTS According to the multivariable logistic regression models, the occurrence of infection was not influenced by sociodemographic and lifestyle factors or by the presence of chronic disease. Testing was more frequent among middle-aged adults (aOR = 1.53, 95% CI 1.10-2.13) and employed adults (aOR = 2.06, 95% CI 1.42-3.00), and was more frequent among adults with a higher education (aORsecondary = 1.93, 95% CI 1.20-3.13; aORtertiary = 3.19, 95% CI 1.81-5.63). Contact tracing was more frequently implemented among middle-aged (aOR41-7y = 3.33, 95% CI 1.17-9.45) and employed (aOR = 4.58, 95% CI 1.38-15.22), and those with chronic diseases (aOR = 5.92, 95% CI 1.56-22.47). Positive correlation was observed between age groups and vaccination frequency (aOR41-70y = 2.94, 95% CI 2.09-4.15; aOR71+y = 14.52, 95% CI 7.33-28.77). Higher than primary education (aORsecondary = 1.69, 95% CI 1.08-2.63; aORtertiary = 4.36, 95% CI 2.46-7.73) and the presence of a chronic disease (aOR = 2.58, 95% CI 1.75-3.80) positively impacted vaccination. Regular smoking was inversely correlated with vaccination (aOR = 0.60; 95% CI 0.44-0.83). CONCLUSIONS The survey indicated that testing, contact tracing, and vaccination were seriously influenced by socioeconomic position; less so by chronic disease prevalence and very minimally by lifestyle. The etiological role of socioeconomic inequalities in epidemic measure implementation likely generated socioeconomic inequality in COVID-19-related complication and death rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Naresh Wasnik
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4002 Debrecen, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Health Sciences, University of Debrecen, H-4002 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Vincze
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4002 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Anett Földvári
- Doctoral School of Health Sciences, University of Debrecen, H-4002 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Anita Pálinkás
- ELKH-DE Public Health Research Group, Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4002 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - János Sándor
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4002 Debrecen, Hungary
- ELKH-DE Public Health Research Group, Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4002 Debrecen, Hungary
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da Costa VG, Gomes AJC, Bittar C, Geraldini DB, Previdelli da Conceição PJ, Cabral ÁS, Carvalho T, Biselli JM, Provazzi PJS, Campos GRF, Sanches PRDS, Costa PI, Nogueira ML, Araujo JP, Spilki FR, Calmon MF, Rahal P. Burden of Influenza and Respiratory Syncytial Viruses in Suspected COVID-19 Patients: A Cross-Sectional and Meta-Analysis Study. Viruses 2023; 15:665. [PMID: 36992374 PMCID: PMC10055802 DOI: 10.3390/v15030665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-SARS-CoV-2 respiratory viral infections, such as influenza virus (FluV) and human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), have contributed considerably to the burden of infectious diseases in the non-COVID-19 era. While the rates of co-infection in SARS-CoV-2-positive group (SCPG) patients have been determined, the burden of other respiratory viruses in the SARS-CoV-2-negative group (SCNG) remains unclear. Here, we conducted a cross-sectional study (São José do Rio Preto county, Brazil), and we collected our data using a meta-analysis to evaluate the pooled prevalence of FluV and RSV among SCNG patients. Out of the 901 patients suspected of COVID-19, our molecular results showed positivity of FluV and RSV in the SCNG was 2% (15/733) and 0.27% (2/733), respectively. Co-infection with SARS-CoV-2 and FluV, or RSV, was identified in 1.7% of the patients (3/168). Following our meta-analysis, 28 studies were selected (n = 114,318 suspected COVID-19 patients), with a pooled prevalence of 4% (95% CI: 3-6) for FluV and 2% (95% CI: 1-3) for RSV among SCNG patients were observed. Interestingly, FluV positivity in the SCNG was four times higher (OR = 4, 95% CI: 3.6-5.4, p < 0.01) than in the SCPG. Similarly, RSV positivity was significantly associated with SCNG patients (OR = 2.9, 95% CI: 2-4, p < 0.01). For subgroup analysis, cold-like symptoms, including fever, cough, sore throat, headache, myalgia, diarrhea, and nausea/vomiting, were positively associated (p < 0.05) with the SCPG. In conclusion, these results show that the pooled prevalence of FluV and RSV were significantly higher in the SCNG than in the SCPG during the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivaldo Gomes da Costa
- Laboratório de Estudos Genômicos, Departamento de Biologia, Instituto de Biociências Letras e Ciências Exatas, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), São José do Rio Preto 15054-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Júlia Chaves Gomes
- Laboratório de Estudos Genômicos, Departamento de Biologia, Instituto de Biociências Letras e Ciências Exatas, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), São José do Rio Preto 15054-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Cíntia Bittar
- Laboratório de Estudos Genômicos, Departamento de Biologia, Instituto de Biociências Letras e Ciências Exatas, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), São José do Rio Preto 15054-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Dayla Bott Geraldini
- Laboratório de Estudos Genômicos, Departamento de Biologia, Instituto de Biociências Letras e Ciências Exatas, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), São José do Rio Preto 15054-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Pâmela Jóyce Previdelli da Conceição
- Laboratório de Estudos Genômicos, Departamento de Biologia, Instituto de Biociências Letras e Ciências Exatas, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), São José do Rio Preto 15054-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Ágata Silva Cabral
- Laboratório de Estudos Genômicos, Departamento de Biologia, Instituto de Biociências Letras e Ciências Exatas, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), São José do Rio Preto 15054-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Tamara Carvalho
- Laboratório de Estudos Genômicos, Departamento de Biologia, Instituto de Biociências Letras e Ciências Exatas, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), São José do Rio Preto 15054-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Joice Matos Biselli
- Laboratório de Estudos Genômicos, Departamento de Biologia, Instituto de Biociências Letras e Ciências Exatas, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), São José do Rio Preto 15054-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Paola Jocelan Scarin Provazzi
- Laboratório de Estudos Genômicos, Departamento de Biologia, Instituto de Biociências Letras e Ciências Exatas, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), São José do Rio Preto 15054-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Rodrigues Fernandes Campos
- Laboratório de Pesquisas em Virologia (LPV), Departamento de Doenças Dermatológicas, Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP), São José do Rio Preto 15090-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Paulo Ricardo da Silva Sanches
- Laboratório de Virologia Molecular, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas (UNESP), Araraquara 14800-903, SP, Brazil
| | - Paulo Inácio Costa
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas (UNESP), Araraquara 14801-360, SP, Brazil
| | - Maurício Lacerda Nogueira
- Laboratório de Pesquisas em Virologia (LPV), Departamento de Doenças Dermatológicas, Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP), São José do Rio Preto 15090-000, SP, Brazil
| | - João Pessoa Araujo
- Instituto de Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), Botucatu 18607-440, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernando Rosado Spilki
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Feevale, Novo Hamburgo 93525-075, RS, Brazil
| | - Marília Freitas Calmon
- Laboratório de Estudos Genômicos, Departamento de Biologia, Instituto de Biociências Letras e Ciências Exatas, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), São José do Rio Preto 15054-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Paula Rahal
- Laboratório de Estudos Genômicos, Departamento de Biologia, Instituto de Biociências Letras e Ciências Exatas, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), São José do Rio Preto 15054-000, SP, Brazil
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Horiuchi H, Utada S, Shinomiya Y, Sogo A, Miyagawa T, Niida S, Okano H, Suzuki N, Otsuka T, Miyazaki H, Furuya R. Effect of Past Chlamydophila pneumoniae Infection on the Short-Time Mortality of COVID-19: A Retrospective Cohort Study. Cureus 2023; 15:e34543. [PMID: 36879715 PMCID: PMC9985306 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.34543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although Chlamydophila pneumoniae (CP)is known to play a role in atherosclerosis and endothelial injury, its past infection on the mortality of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which was also reported to be a vascular disease, remains unknown. METHODS In this retrospective cohort study, we examined 78 COVID-19 patients and 32 bacterial pneumonia patients who visited a tertiary emergency center in Japan between April 1, 2021, and April 30, 2022. CP antibody levels, including IgM, IgG, and IgA, were measured. RESULTS Among all patients, the CP IgA-positive rate was significantly associated with age (P = 0.002). Between the COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 groups, no difference in the positive rate for both CP IgG and IgA was observed (P = 1.00 and 0.51, respectively). The mean age and proportion of males were significantly higher in the IgA-positive group than in the IgA-negative group (60.7 vs. 75.5, P = 0.001; 61.5% vs. 85.0%, P = 0.019, respectively). Smoking and dead outcomes were significantly higher both in the IgA-positive group and IgG-positive group (smoking: 26.7% vs. 62.2, P = 0.003; 34.7% vs. 73.1%, P = 0.002, dead outcome: 6.5% vs. 29.8%, P = 0.020; 13.5% vs. 34.6%, P = 0.039, respectively). Although the log-rank test revealed higher 30-day mortality in the IgG-positive group compared to the IgG-negative group (P = 0.032), Cox regression analysis demonstrated no significant difference between the IgG-positive and negative groups (hazard ratio (HR) = 4.10, 95%CI = 0.94-18.0, P = 0.061). CONCLUSION The effect of past CP infection on 30-day mortality in COVID-19 patients was not obvious.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Horiuchi
- Department of Critical Care and Emergency Medicine, National Hospital Organization Yokohama Medical Center, Yokohama, JPN
| | - Syusuke Utada
- Department of Critical Care and Emergency Medicine, National Hospital Organization Yokohama Medical Center, Yokohama, JPN
| | - Yoshie Shinomiya
- Department of Critical Care and Emergency Medicine, National Hospital Organization Yokohama Medical Center, Yokohama, JPN
| | - Azusa Sogo
- Department of Critical Care and Emergency Medicine, National Hospital Organization Yokohama Medical Center, Yokohama, JPN
| | - Takao Miyagawa
- Department of Critical Care and Emergency Medicine, National Hospital Organization Yokohama Medical Center, Yokohama, JPN
| | - Shoko Niida
- Department of Critical Care and Emergency Medicine, National Hospital Organization Yokohama Medical Center, Yokohama, JPN
| | - Hiromu Okano
- Department of Critical Care and Emergency Medicine, National Hospital Organization Yokohama Medical Center, Yokohama, JPN
| | - Naoya Suzuki
- Department of Critical Care and Emergency Medicine, National Hospital Organization Yokohama Medical Center, Yokohama, JPN
| | - Tsuyoshi Otsuka
- Department of Critical Care and Emergency Medicine, National Hospital Organization Yokohama Medical Center, Yokohama, JPN
| | - Hiroshi Miyazaki
- Department of Critical Care and Emergency Medicine, National Hospital Organization Yokohama Medical Center, Yokohama, JPN
| | - Ryosuke Furuya
- Department of Critical Care and Emergency Medicine, National Hospital Organization Yokohama Medical Center, Yokohama, JPN
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11
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Lalitha P, Prajna NV, Gunasekaran R, Teja GV, Sharma SS, Hinterwirth A, Ruder K, Zhong L, Chen C, Deiner M, Huang C, Pinsky BA, Lietman TM, Doan T, Seitzman GD. Deep sequencing analysis of clinical samples from patients with acute infectious conjunctivitis during the COVID-19 delta surge in Madurai, India. J Clin Virol 2022; 157:105318. [PMID: 36242841 PMCID: PMC9534536 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2022.105318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Seasonal outbreaks of infectious conjunctivitis remain a public health issue. Determination of outbreak etiologies in the context of a worldwide pandemic may provide useful information to guide public health strategies. The aim of this study was to identify pathogens associated with outpatient infectious conjunctivitis during the COVID-19 Delta surge. METHODS This prospective study was conducted from April 2021 to September 2021. All outpatients presenting to the Aravind Eye Center (Madurai, India) with signs and symptoms consistent with acute infectious conjunctivitis were eligible. Three swabs were obtained from each participant: one from each conjunctiva and one from the anterior nares. Samples were processed for metagenomic RNA deep sequencing (RNA-seq). RESULTS Samples from 106 study participants were sequenced. The most common presenting symptoms were tearing (86%) and itching (71%). Preauricular lymphadenopathy was present in 38% of participants. 20% of participants had close contacts with similar symptoms. Systemic symptoms such as coughing, runny nose, vomiting or diarrhea were uncommonly reported. 60% of all participants used some medicated eye drops upon enrollment. 75% of study participants demonstrated infection with human adenovirus D (HAdV-D). 11% of conjunctivitis was associated with SARS-CoV-2. 15% had no definitive pathogen detected. 8% of all participants had codetection of more than one pathogen on RNA-seq. CONCLUSIONS During the COVID-19 Delta surge in India, HAdV-D was the most common pathogen associated with infectious conjunctivitis. SARS-CoV-2 was the second most common associated pathogen. Seasonal surveillance may be necessary for the determination of emerging and reemerging pathogens responsible for infectious conjunctivitis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Armin Hinterwirth
- Francis I. Proctor Foundation, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Kevin Ruder
- Francis I. Proctor Foundation, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Lina Zhong
- Francis I. Proctor Foundation, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Cindi Chen
- Francis I. Proctor Foundation, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Michael Deiner
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - ChunHong Huang
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Benjamin A. Pinsky
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States,Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Thomas M. Lietman
- Francis I. Proctor Foundation, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States,Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Thuy Doan
- Francis I. Proctor Foundation, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States,Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States,Corresponding author
| | - Gerami D. Seitzman
- Francis I. Proctor Foundation, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States,Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
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12
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Kuitunen I. Bordetella pertussis, Chlamydia pneumoniae, and Mycoplasma pneumoniae Findings in Children During COVID-19 Pandemic in Finland. SN COMPREHENSIVE CLINICAL MEDICINE 2022; 4:154. [PMID: 35856013 PMCID: PMC9281357 DOI: 10.1007/s42399-022-01251-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Social restrictions effectively interrupted the typical respiratory virus circulation. The aim of this report is to describe how atypical pneumonia bacteria detections have changed during the COVID-19 pandemic in Finnish children. Bordetella pertussis, Chlamydia pneumoniae, and Mycoplasma pneumoniae findings were gathered from the National Infectious Diseases Register from 2015 to 2021 and stratified into three age groups (0–4, 5–9, and 10–14 years). Incidences per 100,000 children were calculated and 2020 and 2021 was compared to the mean incidence of reference years (2015–2019) by incidence rate ratios. B. pertussis incidence was 32% lower in 2020 and 88% lower in 2021 compared to reference years. C. pneumoniae detections decreased rapidly in 2020 and not a single detection of C. pneumoniae was reported to the register in 2021. M. pneumoniae incidence was 72% lower in 2020 and 89% lower in 2021 than in the reference years. All these findings were seen in all age groups. As the incidences of B. pertussis, C. pneumoniae, and M. pneumoniae detections have been low throughout the pandemic, it seems that the social restrictions have been effective in preventing the spreading of these respiratory bacteria in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilari Kuitunen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine and Department of Pediatrics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Pediatrics, Mikkeli Central Hospital, 35-37, 50100 Mikkeli, Finland
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13
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Sansone NMS, Boschiero MN, Valencise FE, Palamim CVC, Marson FAL. Characterization of demographic data, clinical signs, comorbidities, and outcomes according to the race in hospitalized individuals with COVID-19 in Brazil: An observational study. J Glob Health 2022; 12:05027. [PMID: 35871427 PMCID: PMC9309002 DOI: 10.7189/jogh.12.05027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Brazil is a multiracial country with five major official races: White, Black, individuals with multiracial backgrounds, Asian, and Indigenous. Brazil is also one of the epicentres of the Coronavirus Disease (COVID)-19 pandemic. Thus, we evaluated how the races of the Brazilian population contribute to the outcomes in hospitalized individuals with COVID-19, and we also described the clinical profile of the five official Brazilian races. Methods We performed an epidemiological analysis for the first 67 epidemiological weeks of the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil (from February 22, 2020, to April 04, 2021) using the data available at OpenDataSUS of the Brazilian Ministry of Health, a data set containing data from Brazilian hospitalized individuals. We evaluated more than 30 characteristics, including demographic data, clinical symptoms, comorbidities, need for intensive care unit and mechanical ventilation, and outcomes. Results In our data, 585 655 hospitalized individuals with a positive result in SARS-CoV-2 real-time chain reaction (RT-PCR) were included. Of these total, 309 646 (52.9%) identified as White, 31 872 (5.4%) identified as Black, 7108 (1.2%) identified as Asian, 235 108 (40.1%) identified as individuals with multiracial background, and 1921 (0.3%) identified as Indigenous. The multivariate analysis demonstrated that race was significative to predict the death being that Black (OR = 1.43; 95% CI = 1.39-1.48), individuals with multiracial background (OR = 1.36; 95% CI = 1.34-1.38), and Indigenous (OR = 1.91; 95% CI = 1.70-2.15) races were more prone to die compared to the White race. The Asian individuals did not have a higher chance of dying due to SARS-CoV-2 infection compared to White individuals (OR = 0.99; 95% CI = 0.94-1.06). In addition, other characteristics contributed as such as being male (OR = 1.17; 95% CI = 1.16-1.19), age (mainly, +85 years old – OR = 23.02; 95% CI = 20.05-26.42) compared to 1-year-old individuals, living in rural areas (OR = 1.22; 95% CI = 1.18-1.26) or in peri-urban places (OR = 1.25; 95% CI = 1.11-1.40), and the presence of nosocomial infection (OR = 1.91; 95% CI = 1.82-2.01). Among the clinical symptoms, the main predictors were dyspnoea (OR = 1.25; 95% CI = 1.23-1.28), respiratory discomfort (OR = 1.30; 95% CI = 1.28-1.32), oxygen saturation <95% (OR = 1.40; 95% CI = 1.38-1.43). Also, among the comorbidities, the main predictors were the presence of immunosuppressive disorder (OR = 1.44; 95% CI = 1.39-1.49), neurological disorder (OR = 1.21; 95% CI = 1.17-1.25), hepatic disorder (OR = 1.41; 95% CI = 1.34-1.50), diabetes mellitus (OR = 1.40; 95% CI = 1.37-1.42), cardiopathy (OR = 1.13; 95%CI = 1.11-1.14), hematologic disorder (OR = 1.34; 95% CI = 1.24-1.43), Down syndrome (OR = 1.61; 95% CI = 1.43-1.81), renal disease (OR = 1.15; 95% CI = 1.11-1.18), and obesity (OR = 1.18; 95% CI = 1.15-1.21). Individuals on intensive care unit (OR = 2.25; 95% CI = 2.22-2.29) and on invasive (OR = 10.92; 95% CI = 10.66-11.18) or non-invasive (OR = 1.33; 95% CI = 1.30-1.35) mechanical ventilation were more prone to die. Conclusions Alongside several clinical symptoms and comorbidities, we associated race with an enhanced risk of death in Black individuals, individuals with multiracial backgrounds, and Indigenous peoples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathália MS Sansone
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Tumor Biology and Bioactive Compounds, São Francisco University, Bragança Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratory of Human and Medical Genetics, São Francisco University, Bragança Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Matheus N Boschiero
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Tumor Biology and Bioactive Compounds, São Francisco University, Bragança Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratory of Human and Medical Genetics, São Francisco University, Bragança Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Felipe E Valencise
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Tumor Biology and Bioactive Compounds, São Francisco University, Bragança Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratory of Human and Medical Genetics, São Francisco University, Bragança Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Camila VC Palamim
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Tumor Biology and Bioactive Compounds, São Francisco University, Bragança Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratory of Human and Medical Genetics, São Francisco University, Bragança Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernando AL Marson
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Tumor Biology and Bioactive Compounds, São Francisco University, Bragança Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratory of Human and Medical Genetics, São Francisco University, Bragança Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil
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14
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Boschiero MN, Palamim CVC, Ortega MM, Marson FAL. Clinical characteristics and comorbidities of COVID-19 in unvaccinated patients with Down syndrome: first year report in Brazil. Hum Genet 2022; 141:1887-1904. [PMID: 35763088 PMCID: PMC9244024 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-022-02468-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Patients with Down syndrome (DS) are more affected by the Coronavirus Disease (COVID)-19 pandemic when compared with other populations. Therefore, the primary aim of our study was to report the death (case fatality rate) from SARS-CoV-2 infection in Brazilian hospitalized patients with DS from 03 January 2020 to 04 April 2021. The secondary objectives were (i) to compare the features of patients with DS and positive for COVID-19 (G1) to those with DS and with a severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) from other etiological factors (G2) to tease apart the unique influence of COVID-19, and (ii) to compare the features of patients with DS and positive for COVID-19 to those without DS, but positive for COVID-19 (G3) to tease apart the unique influence of DS. We obtained the markers for demographic profile, clinical symptoms, comorbidities, and the clinical features for SARI evolution during hospitalization in the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil from a Brazilian open-access database. The data were compared between (i) G1 [1619 (0.4%) patients] and G2 [1431 (0.4%) patients]; and between (ii) G1 and G3 [222,181 (64.8%) patients]. The case fatality rate was higher in patients with DS and COVID-19 (G1: 39.2%), followed by individuals from G2 (18.1%) and G3 (14.0%). Patients from G1, when compared to G2, were older (≥ 25 years of age), presented more clinical symptoms related to severe illness and comorbidities, needed intensive care unit (ICU) treatment and non-invasive mechanical ventilation (MV) more frequently, and presented a nearly two fold-increased chance of death (OR = 2.92 [95% CI 2.44–3.50]). Patients from G1, when compared to G3, were younger (< 24 years of age), more prone to nosocomial infection, presented an increased chance for clinical symptoms related to a more severe illness; frequently needed ICU treatment, and invasive and non-invasive MV, and raised almost a three fold-increased chance of death (OR = 3.96 [95% CI 3.60–4.41]). The high case fatality rate in G1 was associated with older age (≥ 25 years of age), presence of clinical symptoms, and comorbidities, such as obesity, related to a more severe clinical condition. Unvaccinated patients with DS affected by COVID-19 had a high case fatality rate, and these patients had a different profile for comorbidities, clinical symptoms, and treatment (such as the need for ICU and MV) when compared with other study populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus Negri Boschiero
- Postgraduate Program in Health Science, Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Tumor Biology and Bioactive Compounds, São Francisco University, Avenida São Francisco de Assis, 218. Jardim São José, Bragança Paulista, SP, 12916-900, Brazil
| | - Camila Vantini Capasso Palamim
- Postgraduate Program in Health Science, Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Tumor Biology and Bioactive Compounds, São Francisco University, Avenida São Francisco de Assis, 218. Jardim São José, Bragança Paulista, SP, 12916-900, Brazil.,Laboratory of Human and Medical Genetics, São Francisco University, Bragança Paulista, Brazil
| | - Manoela Marques Ortega
- Postgraduate Program in Health Science, Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Tumor Biology and Bioactive Compounds, São Francisco University, Avenida São Francisco de Assis, 218. Jardim São José, Bragança Paulista, SP, 12916-900, Brazil.,Laboratory of Human and Medical Genetics, São Francisco University, Bragança Paulista, Brazil
| | - Fernando Augusto Lima Marson
- Postgraduate Program in Health Science, Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Tumor Biology and Bioactive Compounds, São Francisco University, Avenida São Francisco de Assis, 218. Jardim São José, Bragança Paulista, SP, 12916-900, Brazil. .,Laboratory of Human and Medical Genetics, São Francisco University, Bragança Paulista, Brazil.
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15
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Temte JL, Barlow S, Temte E, Goss M, Bateman A, Florek K, Uzicanin A. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Codetection With Influenza A and Other Respiratory Viruses Among School-Aged Children and Their Household Members-12 March 2020 to 22 February 2022, Dane County, Wisconsin. Clin Infect Dis 2022; 75:S205-S215. [PMID: 35737942 PMCID: PMC9278263 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciac487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Concurrent detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and another respiratory virus in individuals can document contemporaneous circulation. We used an ongoing, community-based study of school-aged children and their households to evaluate SARS-CoV-2 codetections with other respiratory viruses in a non-medically attended population over a 2-year period. METHODS Household enrollment was predicated on an acute respiratory illness in a child residing in that household who was also a kindergarten through 12th-grade student in the participating school district. Demographic, symptom, and household composition data and self-collected nasal specimens were obtained on the recruitment day, and 7 and 14 days later, from the index child and all other household members. All specimens were tested for SARS-CoV-2 and influenza A/B by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. Day 0 specimens from the index children were simultaneously tested for 16 pathogens using a commercial respiratory pathogen panel (RPP). To assess viral codetections involving SARS-CoV-2, all household specimens were tested via RPP if the index child's day 0 specimen tested positive to any of the 16 pathogen targets in RPP and any household member tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. RESULTS Of 2109 participants (497 index children in 497 households with 1612 additional household members), 2 (0.1%) were positive for both SARS-CoV-2 and influenza A; an additional 11 (0.5%) were positive for SARS-CoV-2 and another RPP-covered respiratory virus. Codetections predominantly affected school-aged children (12 of 13 total) and were noted in 11 of 497 households. CONCLUSIONS SARS-CoV-2 codetections with other respiratory viruses were uncommon and predominated in school-aged children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan L Temte
- Alternate corresponding author: Jonathan L. Temte, MD/PhD University of Wisconsin-Madison Dept of Family Medicine and Community Health 1100 Delaplaine Court Madison, WI 53515
| | - Shari Barlow
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health. University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health. Madison, WI
| | - Emily Temte
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health. University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health. Madison, WI
| | - Maureen Goss
- Corresponding author: Maureen Goss, MPH University of Wisconsin-Madison Dept of Family Medicine and Community Health 1100 Delaplaine Court Madison, WI 53715
| | | | | | - Amra Uzicanin
- U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Atlanta, GA
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Tao Y, Zhang X, Qiu G, Spillmann M, Ji Z, Wang J. SARS-CoV-2 and other airborne respiratory viruses in outdoor aerosols in three Swiss cities before and during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 164:107266. [PMID: 35512527 PMCID: PMC9060371 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been affecting the world since the end of 2019. While virus-laden particles have been commonly detected and studied in the aerosol samples from indoor healthcare settings, studies are scarce on air surveillance of the virus in outdoor non-healthcare environments, including the correlations between SARS-CoV-2 and other respiratory viruses, between viruses and environmental factors, and between viruses and human behavior changes due to the public health measures against COVID-19. Therefore, in this study, we collected airborne particulate matter (PM) samples from November 2019 to April 2020 in Bern, Lugano, and Zurich. Among 14 detected viruses, influenza A, HCoV-NL63, HCoV-HKU1, and HCoV-229E were abundant in air. SARS-CoV-2 and enterovirus were moderately common, while the remaining viruses occurred only in low concentrations. SARS-CoV-2 was detected in PM10 (PM below 10 µm) samples of Bern and Zurich, and PM2.5 (PM below 2.5 µm) samples of Bern which exhibited a concentration positively correlated with the local COVID-19 case number. The concentration was also correlated with the concentration of enterovirus which raised the concern of coinfection. The estimated COVID-19 infection risks of an hour exposure at these two sites were generally low but still cannot be neglected. Our study demonstrated the potential functionality of outdoor air surveillance of airborne respiratory viruses, especially at transportation hubs and traffic arteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yile Tao
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich 8093, Switzerland; Laboratory for Advanced Analytical Technologies, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf 8600, Switzerland
| | - Xiaole Zhang
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich 8093, Switzerland; Laboratory for Advanced Analytical Technologies, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf 8600, Switzerland
| | - Guangyu Qiu
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich 8093, Switzerland; Laboratory for Advanced Analytical Technologies, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf 8600, Switzerland
| | - Martin Spillmann
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich 8093, Switzerland; Laboratory for Advanced Analytical Technologies, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf 8600, Switzerland
| | - Zheng Ji
- School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich 8093, Switzerland; Laboratory for Advanced Analytical Technologies, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf 8600, Switzerland.
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Selective COVID-19 Coinfections in Diabetic Patients with Concomitant Cardiovascular Comorbidities Are Associated with Increased Mortality. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11050508. [PMID: 35631029 PMCID: PMC9145452 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11050508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Coinfections and comorbidities add additional layers of difficulties into the challenges of COVID-19 patient management strategies. However, studies examining these clinical conditions are limited. We have independently investigated the significance of associations of specific bacterial species and different comorbidities in the outcome and case fatality rates among 129 hospitalized comorbid COVID-19 patients. For the first time, to best of our knowledge, we report on the predominance of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Acinetobacter baumannii in COVID-19 non-survival diabetic patients The two species were significantly associated to COVID-19 case fatality rates (p-value = 0.02186). Coinfection rates of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Acinetobacter baumannii in non-survivors were 93% and 73%, respectively. Based on standard definitions for antimicrobial resistance, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Acinetobacter baumannii were classified as multidrug resistant and extremely drug resistant, respectively. All patients died at ICU with similar clinical characterisitics. Of the 28 major coinfections, 24 (85.7%) were in non-survivor diabetic patients, implying aggravating and worsening the course of COVID-19. The rates of other comorbidities varied: asthma (47%), hypertension (79.4%), ischemic heart disease (71%), chronic kidney disease (35%), and chronic liver disease (32%); however, the rates were higher in K. pneumoniae and were all concomitantly associated to diabetes. Other bacterial species and comorbidities did not have significant correlation to the outcomes. These findings have highly significant clinical implications in the treatment strategies of COVID-19 patients. Future vertical genomic studies would reveal more insights into the molecular and immunological mechanisms of these frequent bacterial species. Future large cohort multicenter studies would reveal more insights into the mechanisms of infection in COVID-19.
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Suzuki M, Hayakawa K, Asai Y, Matsunaga N, Terada M, Ohtsu H, Toyoda A, Takasaki J, Hojo M, Yanagawa Y, Saito S, Yamamoto K, Ide S, Akiyama Y, Suzuki T, Moriya A, Mezaki K, Ohmagari N. Evaluation of the detection of other pathogens in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 at a tertiary hospital in Japan. Jpn J Infect Dis 2022; 75:419-422. [DOI: 10.7883/yoken.jjid.2021.232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michiyo Suzuki
- Disease Control and Prevention Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Japan
| | - Kayoko Hayakawa
- Disease Control and Prevention Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Japan
| | - Yusuke Asai
- AMR Clinical Reference Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Matsunaga
- AMR Clinical Reference Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Japan
| | - Mari Terada
- Disease Control and Prevention Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ohtsu
- Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Japan
| | - Ako Toyoda
- Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Japan
| | - Jin Takasaki
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Japan
| | - Masayuki Hojo
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Japan
| | - Yasuaki Yanagawa
- AIDS Clinical Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Japan
| | - Sho Saito
- Disease Control and Prevention Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Japan
| | - Kei Yamamoto
- Disease Control and Prevention Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ide
- Disease Control and Prevention Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Japan
| | - Yutaro Akiyama
- Disease Control and Prevention Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Suzuki
- Disease Control and Prevention Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Japan
| | - Ataru Moriya
- Microbiology Laboratory, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Mezaki
- Microbiology Laboratory, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Japan
| | - Norio Ohmagari
- Disease Control and Prevention Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Japan
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