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Chehimi SN, Crist RC, Reiner BC. Unraveling Psychiatric Disorders through Neural Single-Cell Transcriptomics Approaches. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14030771. [PMID: 36981041 PMCID: PMC10047992 DOI: 10.3390/genes14030771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of single-cell and single-nucleus transcriptome technologies is enabling the unraveling of the molecular and cellular heterogeneity of psychiatric disorders. The complexity of the brain and the relationships between different brain regions can be better understood through the classification of individual cell populations based on their molecular markers and transcriptomic features. Analysis of these unique cell types can explain their involvement in the pathology of psychiatric disorders. Recent studies in both human and animal models have emphasized the importance of transcriptome analysis of neuronal cells in psychiatric disorders but also revealed critical roles for non-neuronal cells, such as oligodendrocytes and microglia. In this review, we update current findings on the brain transcriptome and explore molecular studies addressing transcriptomic alterations identified in human and animal models in depression and stress, neurodegenerative disorders (Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease), schizophrenia, opioid use disorder, and alcohol and psychostimulant abuse. We also comment on potential future directions in single-cell and single-nucleus studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar N Chehimi
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Richard C Crist
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Benjamin C Reiner
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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2
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Raterman ST, Metz JR, Wagener FADTG, Von den Hoff JW. Zebrafish Models of Craniofacial Malformations: Interactions of Environmental Factors. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:600926. [PMID: 33304906 PMCID: PMC7701217 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.600926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The zebrafish is an appealing model organism for investigating the genetic (G) and environmental (E) factors, as well as their interactions (GxE), which contribute to craniofacial malformations. Here, we review zebrafish studies on environmental factors involved in the etiology of craniofacial malformations in humans including maternal smoking, alcohol consumption, nutrition and drug use. As an example, we focus on the (cleft) palate, for which the zebrafish ethmoid plate is a good model. This review highlights the importance of investigating ExE interactions and discusses the variable effects of exposure to environmental factors on craniofacial development depending on dosage, exposure time and developmental stage. Zebrafish also promise to be a good tool to study novel craniofacial teratogens and toxin mixtures. Lastly, we discuss the handful of studies on gene–alcohol interactions using mutant sensitivity screens and reverse genetic techniques. We expect that studies addressing complex interactions (ExE and GxE) in craniofacial malformations will increase in the coming years. These are likely to uncover currently unknown mechanisms with implications for the prevention of craniofacial malformations. The zebrafish appears to be an excellent complementary model with high translational value to study these complex interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- S T Raterman
- Radboud Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Department of Dentistry-Orthodontics and Craniofacial Biology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Department of Animal Ecology and Physiology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - J R Metz
- Department of Animal Ecology and Physiology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Frank A D T G Wagener
- Radboud Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Department of Dentistry-Orthodontics and Craniofacial Biology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Johannes W Von den Hoff
- Radboud Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Department of Dentistry-Orthodontics and Craniofacial Biology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
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3
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Kim CW, Lee SM, Ko EB, Go RE, Jeung EB, Kim MS, Choi KC. Inhibitory effects of cigarette smoke extracts on neural differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells. Reprod Toxicol 2020; 95:75-85. [PMID: 32454085 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2020.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Maternal smoking during the perinatal period is linked to adverse neonatal outcomes such as low birth weight and birth defects. Numerous studies have shown that cigarette smoke or nicotine exposure has a widespread effect on fetal nerve development. However, there exists a lack of understanding of what specific changes occur at the cellular level on persistent exposure to cigarette smoke during the differentiation of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) into neural cells. We previously investigated the effects of cigarette smoke extract (CSE) and its major component, nicotine, on the neural differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs). Differentiation of mESCs into neural progenitor cells (NPCs) or neural crest cells (NCCs) was induced with chemically defined media, and the cells were continuously exposed to CSE or nicotine during neural differentiation and development. Disturbed balance of the pluripotency state was observed in the NPCs, with consequent inhibition of neurite outgrowth and glial fibrillary acidic protein (Gfap) expression. These inhibitions correlated with the altered expression of proteins involved in the Notch-1 signaling pathways. The migration ability of NCCs was significantly decreased by CSE or nicotine exposure, which was associated with reduced protein expression of migration-related proteins. Taken together, we concluded that CSE and nicotine inhibit differentiation of mESCs into NPCs or NCCs, and may disrupt functional development of neural cells. These results imply that cigarette smoking during the perinatal period potentially inhibits neural differentiation and development of ESCs cells, leading to neonatal abnormal brain development and behavioral abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cho-Won Kim
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Moo Lee
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, Republic of Korea
| | - Eul-Bee Ko
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, Republic of Korea
| | - Ryeo-Eun Go
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, Republic of Korea
| | - Eui-Bae Jeung
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Seok Kim
- Inhalation Toxicology Research Group, Jeonbuk Department of Inhalation Research, Jeongeup, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Chul Choi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, Republic of Korea.
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4
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He B, Chen J, Tian M, Chen J, Zhou C, Ou Y, Wang S, Li X, Zhuang J. Adverse effects of nicotine on cardiogenic differentiation from human embryonic stem cells detected by single-cell RNA sequencing. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 526:848-855. [PMID: 32276728 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.03.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Tobacco smoking was one of the important adverse factors for congenital heart disease. The effects of nicotine, the main component of tobacco, on human embryonic cardiogenesis and related mechanisms remain poorly understood. This work used single-cell RNA sequencing to investigate the effects of nicotine on human embryonic stem cell (hESC) line H9 and its underlying mechanisms during cardiac differentiation. H9 was cultured in feeder-free medium and differentiated in cardiac condition medium when cells reached 90% confluent. Cell viability was detected by MTT after different concentration of nicotine treatment. Different expressed genes during cardiac differentiation was analyzed by single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq). Key gene expressions were confirmed by qPCR and Western blot. Results showed that 0.1μM-10μM nicotine did not affect H9 cell proliferation. Nicotine 1 μM down-regulated cardiac progenitor cell, mesoderm cell, smooth muscle cell and neural crest cell relatively. Snail1/2 regulating endocardial cushion development were downregulated apparently at differention day 6. Nicotine didn't affect bry-1 and mesp-1 but inhibited cardiac transcript factors. Consequently, the expression of cTnI, a marker of cardiomyocytes was decreased significantly. The data suggest direct adverse effects of nicotine on heart development at the single-cell level and offer a new approach for estimate drug and environmental toxicity on the pathogenesis of the embryonic cardiovascular system development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biaochuan He
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of South China Structural Heart Disease, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Miao Tian
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Jimei Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China; Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of South China Structural Heart Disease, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Chengbin Zhou
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China; Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of South China Structural Heart Disease, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Yanqiu Ou
- Department of Epidemiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Sheng Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Xiaohong Li
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of South China Structural Heart Disease, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
| | - Jian Zhuang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
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5
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Kim CW, Go RE, Ko EB, Jeung EB, Kim MS, Choi KC. Effects of cigarette smoke components on myocardial differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2020; 35:66-77. [PMID: 31507073 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The heart is the first organ formed in the developing fetus, and abnormal development of the heart is a major cause of fetal death. The adverse effects of cigarette smoke on the heart have been well established, but it is not well understood how cigarette smoke components regulate signaling molecules and cardiac specific functions during the early differentiation stage of the embryonic heart. In this study, we identified changes in the size of mouse embryoid bodies (mEBs) in response to treatment with cigarette smoke extract (CSE) via regulation of HDAC2, p53, p21, and cyclin D1 protein expression, which are cardiac differentiation and cell-cycle markers, respectively. In addition, exposure of mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) to cigarette smoke components inhibited myocardial differentiation and development through the expression of HDAC1, HDAC2, GATA4, NKX2-5, TBX5, HAND1, and Troponin I. Long-term exposure studies showed that CSE and nicotine may delay the development of mouse cardiomyocytes from mESCs and inhibit the contractibility, which is a fundamental function of the heart. Taken together, these findings suggest that cigarette smoke components, including nicotine, may affect abnormal myocardial differentiation and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cho-Won Kim
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Ryeo-Eun Go
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Eul Bee Ko
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Eui-Bae Jeung
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Seok Kim
- Inhalation Toxicology Research Group, Jeonbuk Department of Inhalation Research, Jeongeup, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Chul Choi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
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6
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Guo H, Tian L, Zhang JZ, Kitani T, Paik DT, Lee WH, Wu JC. Single-Cell RNA Sequencing of Human Embryonic Stem Cell Differentiation Delineates Adverse Effects of Nicotine on Embryonic Development. Stem Cell Reports 2019; 12:772-786. [PMID: 30827876 PMCID: PMC6449785 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2019.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotine, the main chemical constituent of tobacco, is highly detrimental to the developing fetus by increasing the risk of gestational complications and organ disorders. The effects of nicotine on human embryonic development and related mechanisms, however, remain poorly understood. Here, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) of human embryonic stem cell (hESC)-derived embryoid body (EB) in the presence or absence of nicotine. Nicotine-induced lineage-specific responses and dysregulated cell-to-cell communication in EBs, shedding light on the adverse effects of nicotine on human embryonic development. In addition, nicotine reduced cell viability, increased reactive oxygen species (ROS), and altered cell cycling in EBs. Abnormal Ca2+ signaling was found in muscle cells upon nicotine exposure, as verified in hESC-derived cardiomyocytes. Consequently, our scRNA-seq data suggest direct adverse effects of nicotine on hESC differentiation at the single-cell level and offer a new method for evaluating drug and environmental toxicity on human embryonic development in utero.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongchao Guo
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, 265 Campus Drive G1120B, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Lei Tian
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, 265 Campus Drive G1120B, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Joe Z Zhang
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, 265 Campus Drive G1120B, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Tomoya Kitani
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, 265 Campus Drive G1120B, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - David T Paik
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, 265 Campus Drive G1120B, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Won Hee Lee
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
| | - Joseph C Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, 265 Campus Drive G1120B, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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7
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Assadollahi V, Mohammadi E, Fathi F, Hassanzadeh K, Erfan MBK, Soleimani F, Banafshi O, Yosefi F, Allahvaisi O. Effects of cigarette smoke condensate on proliferation and pluripotency gene expression in mouse embryonic stem cells. J Cell Biochem 2018; 120:4071-4080. [PMID: 30269371 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are derived from the inner cell mass (ICM) of blastocysts. They can be used as valuable experimental models to test the effects of drugs, chemicals, and environmental contaminants such as cigarette smoke condensate (CSC) on preimplantation embryo development. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of CSC on ESCs derived from mice with different genetic backgrounds and maternal ages. METHODS The study groups consisted of mouse ESCs (mESCs) obtained from three sources: blastocysts developed from fertilized oocytes of two-month-old (2-C57) and six-month-old (6-C57) C57BL/6 inbred mice and those developed from fertilized oocytes of two-month-old (2-NMRI) NMRI outbred mice. The groups of mESCs were exposed to 0.04, 4, and 40 μg/mL CSC. After exposure, we measured cell viability by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay and real-time polymerase chain reaction for changes in expressions of Oct4, Sox2, Nanog, Ahr, Bax, Bcl2, TFAM, and POLG. The cell doubling time (DT) of these populations was also determined. RESULTS We observed that CSC changed proliferation and DT in the 2-C57 and 6-C57 cells. There was no change in 2-NMRI cells. Exposure to CSC caused changes in the gene expressions and induced apoptosis in all three cell lines. CONCLUSION Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that CSC has an effect on the viability, DT and gene expression patterns in mouse ESCs and its effects vary based on the genetic background and maternal age of isolated mouse ESCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahideh Assadollahi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Mohammadi
- Environmental Health Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.,Department of Occupational Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Fardin Fathi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Kambiz Hassanzadeh
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Mohamad Bager Khadem Erfan
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Farzad Soleimani
- Department of Biology, School of Natural Science, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Omid Banafshi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Fayeg Yosefi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Ozra Allahvaisi
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
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8
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Hiraku Y. [Environmental Factors and MicroRNA: Application for DOHaD Research and Future Perspectives]. Nihon Eiseigaku Zasshi 2018; 73:105-109. [PMID: 29848859 DOI: 10.1265/jjh.73.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In Japan, the prevalence of low birth weight (< 2,500 g) has been increasing, probably owing to leanness, exposure to toxic chemicals and smoking. Epidemiological studies revealed that low birth weight poses risks of hypertension, coronary heart diseases and diabetes. Although the precise mechanism has not been understood, there is an urgent need for appropriate public health interventions. MicroRNA (miRNA) is a small RNA consisting of approximately 22 nucleotides and distributed in a wide variety of organs and body fluids. miRNAs are involved in the pathogenesis of various human diseases and expected to be their potential biomarkers. The interest on the study on miRNA in the research field of developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD) has been growing, and the number of related papers has been increasing. There are several molecular epidemiological studies on the relationship between maternal miRNA and fetal development. The effects of smoking and dietary factors on miRNA expression and fetal development have been investigated in epidemiological and experimental studies. However, the role of maternal miRNA in fetal development has not been well understood so far. In this review, the current status of studies on miRNA expression in DOHaD research is described and future perspectives are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Hiraku
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Medicine, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine
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9
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Jessen WJ, Borgerding MF, Prasad GL. Global methylation profiles in buccal cells of long-term smokers and moist snuff consumers. Biomarkers 2018; 23:625-639. [DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2018.1466367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Walter J. Jessen
- Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings (LabCorp), Burlington, NC, USA
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10
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Tie K, Wu M, Deng Y, Wen Y, Dan Xu, Chen L, Wang H. Histone hypo-acetylation of Sox9 mediates nicotine-induced weak cartilage repair by suppressing BMSC chondrogenic differentiation. Stem Cell Res Ther 2018; 9:98. [PMID: 29631619 PMCID: PMC5891899 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-018-0853-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Revised: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nicotine has negative effects on tissue repair, little research concerns its effect on the cartilage repair of tissue engineering stem cells. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of nicotine on the bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells' (BMSCs) chondrogenic repair function of cartilage defects and explored the molecular mechanism. METHODS A cartilage defect model of rat was repaired by BMSC transplantation, and treated with nicotine or saline at 2.0 mg/kg/d in 12 weeks. Nicotine's effect on chondrogenic differentiation was studied by exposing BMSCs to nicotine at 0.1, 1, 10, and 100 μM, and methyllycaconitine (MLA), which is a selective α7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) inhibitor and si-RNA of nuclear factor of activated T cells 2 (NFATc2), were used to verify the molecular mechanism of nicotine's effect. RESULTS Data showed that nicotine inhibited cartilage repair function by suppressing SRY-type high-mobility group box 9 (Sox9) in regenerated tissues. Further in vitro study demonstrated that nicotine enhanced intracellular Ca2+ and activity of calcineurin (CaN) through α7-nAChR, increased the nucleic expressions of NFATc2 and the bindings to SOX9 promoter, and thus reduced the acetylation of H3K9 and H3K14 in SOX9 promoter. CONCLUSIONS Findings from this study demonstrated that nicotine suppressed the chondrogenic differentiation of BMSCs in vivo and in vitro, which offers insight into the risk assessment of cartilage defect repair in a nicotine exposure population and its therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Tie
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China.,Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Diseases, 185 Donghu Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Deng
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China.,Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Diseases, 185 Donghu Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinxian Wen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China.,Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Diseases, 185 Donghu Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical School of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China.,Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Diseases, 185 Donghu Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Liaobin Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical School of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China. .,Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Diseases, 185 Donghu Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China.
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11
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Slotkin TA, Skavicus S, Stapleton HM, Seidler FJ. Brominated and organophosphate flame retardants target different neurodevelopmental stages, characterized with embryonic neural stem cells and neuronotypic PC12 cells. Toxicology 2017; 390:32-42. [PMID: 28851516 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2017.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2017] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
In addition to their activity as endocrine disruptors, brominated and organophosphate flame retardants are suspected to be developmental neurotoxicants, although identifying their specific mechanisms for that activity has been elusive. In the current study, we evaluated the effects of several flame retardants on neurodifferentiation using two in vitro models that assess distinct "decision nodes" in neural cell development: embryonic rat neural stem cells (NSCs), which evaluate the origination of neurons and glia from precursors, and rat neuronotypic PC12 cells, which characterize a later stage where cells committed to a neuronal phenotype undergo neurite outgrowth and neurotransmitter specification. In NSCs, both brominated and organophosphate flame retardants diverted the phenotype in favor of glia and away from formation of neurons, leading to an increased glia/neuron ratio, a common hallmark of the in vivo effects of neurotoxicants. For this early decision node, the brominated flame retardants were far more potent than the organophosphates. In PC12 cells, the brominated flame retardants were far less effective, whereas tris (1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate, an organophosphate, was more effective. Thus, the two classes of flame retardants differentially impact the two distinct vulnerable periods of neurodifferentiation. Furthermore, the effects on neurodifferentiation were separable from outright cytotoxicity, an important requirement in establishing a specific effect of these agents on neural cell development. These results reinforce the likelihood that flame retardants act as developmental neurotoxicants via direct effects on neural cell differentiation, over and above other activities that can impact nervous system development, such as endocrine disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodore A Slotkin
- Department of Pharmacology & Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
| | - Samantha Skavicus
- Department of Pharmacology & Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | | | - Frederic J Seidler
- Department of Pharmacology & Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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12
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Inhibition of Gata4 and Tbx5 by Nicotine-Mediated DNA Methylation in Myocardial Differentiation. Stem Cell Reports 2017; 8:290-304. [PMID: 28111280 PMCID: PMC5312513 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2016.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Revised: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal nicotine exposure causes alteration of gene expression and cardiovascular programming. The discovery of nicotine-medicated regulation in cardiogenesis is of major importance for the study of cardiac defects. The present study investigated the effect of nicotine on cardiac gene expression and epigenetic regulation during myocardial differentiation. Persistent nicotine exposure selectively inhibited expression of two cardiac genes, Tbx5 and Gata4, by promoter DNA hypermethylation. The nicotine-induced suppression on cardiac differentiation was restored by general nicotinic acetylcholine receptor inhibition. Consistent results of Tbx5 and Gata4 gene suppression and cardiac function impairment with decreased left ventricular ejection fraction were obtained from in vivo studies in offspring. Our results present a direct repressive effect of nicotine on myocardial differentiation by regulating cardiac gene suppression via promoter DNA hypermethylation, contributing to the etiology of smoking-associated cardiac defects. Nicotine downregulates Tbx5 and Gata4 during in vitro and in vivo cardiogenesis Nicotine causes diminished cardiac differentiation and impaired cardiac function Nicotine causes Tbx5 and Gata4 gene suppression via promoter DNA hypermethylation nAChR antagonist restores nicotine-induced gene suppression and DNA methylation
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Slotkin TA, Skavicus S, Card J, Levin ED, Seidler FJ. Diverse neurotoxicants target the differentiation of embryonic neural stem cells into neuronal and glial phenotypes. Toxicology 2016; 372:42-51. [PMID: 27816694 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2016.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The large number of compounds that needs to be tested for developmental neurotoxicity drives the need to establish in vitro models to evaluate specific neurotoxic endpoints. We used neural stem cells derived from rat neuroepithelium on embryonic day 14 to evaluate the impact of diverse toxicants on their ability to differentiate into glia and neurons: a glucocorticoid (dexamethasone), organophosphate insecticides (chlorpyrifos, diazinon, parathion), insecticides targeting the GABAA receptor (dieldrin, fipronil), heavy metals (Ni2+, Ag+), nicotine and tobacco smoke extract. We found three broad groupings of effects. One diverse set of compounds, dexamethasone, the organophosphate pesticides, Ni2+ and nicotine, suppressed expression of the glial phenotype while having little or no effect on the neuronal phenotype. The second pattern was restricted to the pesticides acting on GABAA receptors. These compounds promoted the glial phenotype and suppressed the neuronal phenotype. Notably, the actions of compounds eliciting either of these differentiation patterns were clearly unrelated to deficits in cell numbers: dexamethasone, dieldrin and fipronil all reduced cell numbers, whereas organophosphates and Ni2+ had no effect. The third pattern, shared by Ag+ and tobacco smoke extract, clearly delineated cytotoxicity, characterized by major cell loss with suppression of differentiation into both glial and neuronal phenotypes; but here again, there was some selectivity in that glia were suppressed more than neurons. Our results, from this survey with diverse compounds, point to convergence of neurotoxicant effects on a specific "decision node" that controls the emergence of neurons and glia from neural stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodore A Slotkin
- Department of Pharmacology & Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
| | - Samantha Skavicus
- Department of Pharmacology & Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Jennifer Card
- Department of Pharmacology & Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Edward D Levin
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Frederic J Seidler
- Department of Pharmacology & Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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Cheng W, Zhou R, Feng Y, Wang Y. Mainstream smoke and sidestream smoke affect the cardiac differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells discriminately. Toxicology 2016; 357-358:1-10. [PMID: 27237783 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2016.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Revised: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiology studies suggest that maternal smoking and passive smoking have strongly resulted in the occurrence of congenital heart defects (CHD) in offspring. Cigarette smoke (CS) can be divided into mainstream smoke (MS) and sidestream smoke (SS); CS chemistry study indicates that significant differences exist in the composition of MS and SS. Therefore, MS and SS were suspected to process toxicity dissimilarly. However, much less was known about the difference in the developmental effects induced by MS and SS. In the current study, heart development was mimicked by mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) differentiation. After MS and SS exposure, by tracing the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-Smad4 signalling pathway, interruption of downstream gene expression was observed, including Gata4, Mef2c and Nkx2.5, as well as myosin heavy chain and myosin light chain. Specifically, SS caused inhibition of Gata4 expression, even at non-cytotoxic concentration. Further, SS-induced hypoacetylation in promoter regions of Gata4 reflected the orchestration of CS-gene modulation-epigenetic regulation. Even though SS induced apoptosis in ESC-derived cardiomyocytes, the partial clearance in cells with down-regulated Gata4 caused these cells to survive and undergo further differentiation, which laid potential risk for abnormal heart development. These data uncovered the difference between MS and SS on heart development preliminarily.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Cheng
- College of Public Health, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200025, PR China.
| | - Ren Zhou
- College of Public Health, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200025, PR China.
| | - Yan Feng
- College of Public Health, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200025, PR China.
| | - Yan Wang
- College of Public Health, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200025, PR China; Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 200336, PR China; Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, PR China.
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Cui Y, Sun Q, Liu Z. Ambient particulate matter exposure and cardiovascular diseases: a focus on progenitor and stem cells. J Cell Mol Med 2016; 20:782-93. [PMID: 26988063 PMCID: PMC4831366 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Air pollution is a major challenge to public health. Ambient fine particulate matter (PM) is the key component for air pollution, and associated with significant mortality. The majority of the mortality following PM exposure is related to cardiovascular diseases. However, the mechanisms for the adverse effects of PM exposure on cardiovascular system remain largely unknown and under active investigation. Endothelial dysfunction or injury is considered one of the major factors that contribute to the development of cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease. Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) play a critical role in maintaining the structural and functional integrity of vasculature. Particulate matter exposure significantly suppressed the number and function of EPCs in animals and humans. However, the mechanisms for the detrimental effects of PM on EPCs remain to be fully defined. One of the important mechanisms might be related to increased level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inflammation. Bone marrow (BM) is a major source of EPCs. Thus, the number and function of EPCs could be intimately associated with the population and functional status of stem cells (SCs) in the BM. Bone marrow stem cells and other SCs have the potential for cardiovascular regeneration and repair. The present review is focused on summarizing the detrimental effects of PM exposure on EPCs and SCs, and potential mechanisms including ROS formation as well as clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Cui
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Qinghua Sun
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Zhenguo Liu
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
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Kok DEG, Dhonukshe-Rutten RAM, Lute C, Heil SG, Uitterlinden AG, van der Velde N, van Meurs JBJ, van Schoor NM, Hooiveld GJEJ, de Groot LCPGM, Kampman E, Steegenga WT. The effects of long-term daily folic acid and vitamin B12 supplementation on genome-wide DNA methylation in elderly subjects. Clin Epigenetics 2015; 7:121. [PMID: 26568774 PMCID: PMC4644301 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-015-0154-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Folate and its synthetic form folic acid function as donor of one-carbon units and have been, together with other B-vitamins, implicated in programming of epigenetic processes such as DNA methylation during early development. To what extent regulation of DNA methylation can be altered via B-vitamins later in life, and how this relates to health and disease, is not exactly known. The aim of this study was to identify effects of long-term supplementation with folic acid and vitamin B12 on genome-wide DNA methylation in elderly subjects. This project was part of a randomized, placebo-controlled trial on effects of supplemental intake of folic acid and vitamin B12 on bone fracture incidence (B-vitamins for the PRevention Of Osteoporotic Fractures (B-PROOF) study). Participants with mildly elevated homocysteine levels, aged 65-75 years, were randomly assigned to take 400 μg folic acid and 500 μg vitamin B12 per day or a placebo during an intervention period of 2 years. DNA was isolated from buffy coats, collected before and after intervention, and genome-wide DNA methylation was determined in 87 participants (n = 44 folic acid/vitamin B12, n = 43 placebo) using the Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChip. RESULTS After intervention with folic acid and vitamin B12, 162 (versus 14 in the placebo group) of the 431,312 positions were differentially methylated as compared to baseline. Comparisons of the DNA methylation changes in the participants receiving folic acid and vitamin B12 versus placebo revealed one single differentially methylated position (cg19380919) with a borderline statistical significance. However, based on the analyses of differentially methylated regions (DMRs) consisting of multiple positions, we identified 6 regions that differed statistically significantly between the intervention and placebo group. Pronounced changes were found for regions in the DIRAS3, ARMC8, and NODAL genes, implicated in carcinogenesis and early embryonic development. Furthermore, serum levels of folate and vitamin B12 or plasma homocysteine were related to DNA methylation of 173, 425, and 11 regions, respectively. Interestingly, for several members of the developmental HOX genes, DNA methylation was related to serum levels of folate. CONCLUSIONS Long-term supplementation with folic acid and vitamin B12 in elderly subjects resulted in effects on DNA methylation of several genes, among which genes implicated in developmental processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dieuwertje E G Kok
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, PO Box 8129, 6700 EV Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Carolien Lute
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, PO Box 8129, 6700 EV Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sandra G Heil
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - André G Uitterlinden
- Genetic Laboratory Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands ; Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nathalie van der Velde
- Genetic Laboratory Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands ; Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Geriatrics, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joyce B J van Meurs
- Genetic Laboratory Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Natasja M van Schoor
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Guido J E J Hooiveld
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, PO Box 8129, 6700 EV Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lisette C P G M de Groot
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, PO Box 8129, 6700 EV Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ellen Kampman
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, PO Box 8129, 6700 EV Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wilma T Steegenga
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, PO Box 8129, 6700 EV Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Massarsky A, Jayasundara N, Bailey JM, Oliveri AN, Levin ED, Prasad GL, Di Giulio RT. Teratogenic, bioenergetic, and behavioral effects of exposure to total particulate matter on early development of zebrafish (Danio rerio) are not mimicked by nicotine. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2015; 51:77-88. [PMID: 26391568 PMCID: PMC4821439 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2015.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Revised: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Cigarette smoke has been associated with a number of pathologies; however, the mechanisms leading to developmental effects are yet to be fully understood. The zebrafish embryo is regarded as a 'bridge model'; however, not many studies examined its applicability to cigarette smoke toxicity. This study examined the effects of total particulate matter (TPM) from 3R4F reference cigarettes on the early development of zebrafish (Danio rerio). Zebrafish embryos were exposed to two concentrations of TPM (0.4 and 1.4 μg/mL equi-nicotine units) or nicotine at equivalent doses. The exposures began at 2h post-fertilization (hpf) and lasted until 96 hpf. Several physiological parameters were assessed during or after the exposure. We show that TPM increased mortality, delayed hatching, and increased the incidence of deformities in zebrafish. TPM exposure also increased the incidence of hemorrhage and disrupted the angiogenesis of the major vessels in the brain. Moreover, TPM exposure reduced the larval body length, decreased the heart rate, and reduced the metabolic rate. Biomarkers of xenobiotic metabolism and oxidative stress were also affected. TPM-exposed zebrafish also differed behaviorally: at 24 hpf the embryos had a higher frequency of spontaneous contractions and at 144 hpf the larvae displayed swimming hyperactivity. This study demonstrates that TPM disrupts several aspects of early development in zebrafish. The effects reported for TPM were not attributable to nicotine, since embryos treated with nicotine alone did not differ significantly from the control group. Collectively, our work illustrates the utility of zebrafish as an alternative model to evaluate the toxic effects of cigarette smoke constituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey Massarsky
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
| | - Nishad Jayasundara
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
| | - Jordan M Bailey
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
| | - Anthony N Oliveri
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
| | - Edward D Levin
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
| | - G L Prasad
- R&D Department, R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company, Winston-Salem, NC 27102, USA.
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Palpant NJ, Hofsteen P, Pabon L, Reinecke H, Murry CE. Cardiac development in zebrafish and human embryonic stem cells is inhibited by exposure to tobacco cigarettes and e-cigarettes. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0126259. [PMID: 25978043 PMCID: PMC4433280 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0126259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Maternal smoking is a risk factor for low birth weight and other adverse developmental outcomes. Objective We sought to determine the impact of standard tobacco cigarettes and e-cigarettes on heart development in vitro and in vivo. Methods Zebrafish (Danio rerio) were used to assess developmental effects in vivo and cardiac differentiation of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) was used as a model for in vitro cardiac development. Results In zebrafish, exposure to both types of cigarettes results in broad, dose-dependent developmental defects coupled with severe heart malformation, pericardial edema and reduced heart function. Tobacco cigarettes are more toxic than e-cigarettes at comparable nicotine concentrations. During cardiac differentiation of hESCs, tobacco smoke exposure results in a delayed transition through mesoderm. Both types of cigarettes decrease expression of cardiac transcription factors in cardiac progenitor cells, suggesting a persistent delay in differentiation. In definitive human cardiomyocytes, both e-cigarette- and tobacco cigarette-treated samples showed reduced expression of sarcomeric genes such as MLC2v and MYL6. Furthermore, tobacco cigarette-treated samples had delayed onset of beating and showed low levels and aberrant localization of N-cadherin, reduced myofilament content with significantly reduced sarcomere length, and increased expression of the immature cardiac marker smooth muscle alpha-actin. Conclusion These data indicate a negative effect of both tobacco cigarettes and e-cigarettes on heart development in vitro and in vivo. Tobacco cigarettes are more toxic than E-cigarettes and exhibit a broader spectrum of cardiac developmental defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan J. Palpant
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Peter Hofsteen
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Lil Pabon
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Hans Reinecke
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Charles E. Murry
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Medicine/Cardiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Cui Y, Jia F, He J, Xie X, Li Z, Fu M, Hao H, Liu Y, Liu DZ, Cowan PJ, Zhu H, Sun Q, Liu Z. Ambient Fine Particulate Matter Suppresses In Vivo Proliferation of Bone Marrow Stem Cells through Reactive Oxygen Species Formation. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0127309. [PMID: 26058063 PMCID: PMC4461321 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0127309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Some environmental insults, such as fine particulate matter (PM) exposure, significantly impair the function of stem cells. However, it is unknown if PM exposure could affect the population of bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs). The present study was to investigate the effects of PM on BMSCs population and related mechanism(s). MAIN METHEODS PM was intranasally distilled into male C57BL/6 mice for one month. Flow cytometry with antibodies for BMSCs, Annexin V and BrdU ware used to determine the number of BMSCs and the levels of their apoptosis and proliferation in vivo. Phosphorylated Akt (P-Akt) level was determined in the BM cells with western blotting. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation was quantified using flow cytometry analysis. To determine the role of PM-induced ROS in BMSCs population, proliferation, and apotosis, experiments were repeated using N-acetylcysteine (NAC)-treated wild type mice or a triple transgenic mouse line with overexpression of antioxidant network (AON) composed of superoxide dismutase (SOD)1, SOD3, and glutathione peroxidase-1 with decreased in vivo ROS production. KEY FINDINGS PM treatment significantly reduced BMSCs population in association with increased ROS formation, decreased P-Akt level, and inhibition of proliferation of BMSCs without induction of apoptosis. NAC treatment or AON overexpression with reduced ROS formation effectively prevented PM-induced reduction of BMSCs population and proliferation with partial recovery of P-Akt level. SIGNIFICANCE PM exposure significantly decreased the population of BMSCs due to diminished proliferation via ROS-mediated mechanism (could be partially via inhibition of Akt signaling).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Cui
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States of America
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, 324 Jing 5 road, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Fengpeng Jia
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States of America
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital,Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Jianfeng He
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - Xiaoyun Xie
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - Zhihong Li
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - Minghuan Fu
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - Hong Hao
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - Ying Liu
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - Dylan Z. Liu
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - Peter J. Cowan
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, St. Vincent’s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Hua Zhu
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - Qinghua Sun
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - Zhenguo Liu
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Wei J, Zheng L, Liu S, Yin J, Wang L, Wang X, Shi Y, Shao A, Tang W, Ding G, Liu C, Chen S, Gu H. MiR-196a2 rs11614913 T > C polymorphism and risk of esophageal cancer in a Chinese population. Hum Immunol 2013; 74:1199-205. [PMID: 23792053 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2013.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2013] [Revised: 04/23/2013] [Accepted: 06/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Esophageal cancer is the eighth most common cancer and sixth leading cause of cancer associated death worldwide. Besides environmental risk factors, genetic factors might play an important role in the esophageal cancer carcinogenesis. METHODS We conducted a hospital based case-control study to evaluate the genetic susceptibility of functional single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the microRNAs on the development of esophageal cancer. A total of 380 esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) cases and 380 controls were recruited for this study. The miR-196a2 rs11614913 T > C, miR-146a rs2910164 C > G, miR-499 rs3746444 T > C, miR-26a-1 rs7372209 C > T and miR-27a rs895819 T > C genotypes were determined using a custom-by-design 48-Plex SNPscan™ Kit and matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). RESULTS MiR-196a2 rs11614913 T > C polymorphism was associated with borderline statistically decreased risk of ESCC. In the recessive model, when the miR-196a2 rs11614913 TT/TC genotypes were used as the reference group, the CC homozygote genotype was associated with a borderline statistically decreased risk for ESCC (adjusted OR 0.72, 95% CI 0.50-1.03, p = 0.070). In stratification analyses, a significantly decreased risk of ESCC associated with the miR-196a2 rs11614913 T > C polymorphism was evident among women patients and patients who never smoking or drinking. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicated that functional polymorphism miR-196a2 rs11614913 T > C might contribute to decreased ESCC risk among women patients and patients who never smoking or drinking. However, our results were obtained with a limited sample size. Future larger studies with other ethnic populations and tissue-specific biological characterization are required to confirm current findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jishu Wei
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
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Toledo-Rodriguez M, Loyse N, Bourdon C, Arab S, Pausova Z. Effect of prenatal exposure to nicotine on kidney glomerular mass and AT1R expression in genetically diverse strains of rats. Toxicol Lett 2012; 213:228-34. [PMID: 22728133 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2012.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2012] [Revised: 06/11/2012] [Accepted: 06/12/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Prenatal exposure to maternal cigarette smoking in humans or nicotine in experimental animals is associated with elevated blood pressure in the offspring. This effect may be limited to genetically vulnerable individuals and related to alterations in the kidneys. Here we investigated whether prenatal exposure to nicotine (PEN) alters kidney morphology and gene expression, and whether these effects differ between two genetically distant strains, i.e. spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) and Brown Norway (BN) rats. The results showed that, in SHR but not in BN offspring, PEN decreases kidney glomerular mass and increases renal expression of the angiotensin II type 1b receptor gene; the latter is not mediated through changes in DNA methylation of the proximal promoter of this gene. The results also showed that PEN alters expression of multiple genes involved in the kidney nervous system function, with mostly opposite effects being seen in SHR and BN. These results suggest that, in genetically vulnerable individuals, PEN leads to morphological and molecular changes in the kidneys that may contribute to fetal programming of hypertension.
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