1
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Wu Y, Sun Y, Song Y, Wang J, Han Y, Yang N, Lin H, Yin Y, Han X. PPA1 promotes adipogenesis by regulating the stability of C/EBPs. Cell Death Differ 2024:10.1038/s41418-024-01309-2. [PMID: 38762596 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-024-01309-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Adipogenesis significantly contributes to healthy adipose tissue expansion in obesity. Increasing adipocyte number or function to alleviate adipose tissue overload could serve as a therapeutic strategy for both lipodystrophy and obesity-related metabolic syndrome. Inorganic pyrophosphatase (PPA1) is an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of pyrophosphate (PPi) and is involved in many biochemical reactions, but its function in adipose tissue has not been studied previously. In this study, we demonstrated that adipose-specific PPA1 knockout (PPA1AKO) mice showed lipodystrophy and spontaneously developed hepatic steatosis and severe insulin resistance under normal chow diet feeding. PPA1 deficiency suppressed the differentiation of primary adipocyte precursors and 3T3-L1 cells. Notably, PPA1 overexpression can restore inhibited adipogenesis in preadipocytes isolated from db/db mice and type 2 diabetes patients. Mechanistic studies have revealed that PPA1 acts as a positive regulator of early adipocyte differentiation by promoting CCAAT/enhancer-binding proteinβ and δ (C/EBPβ and δ) protein stability. Moreover, the function of PPA1 in adipogenesis is independent of its PPi catalytic activity. Collectively, our in vivo and in vitro findings demonstrated that PPA1 is a novel critical upstream regulator of adipogenesis, controlling adipose tissue development and whole-body metabolic homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Women and Children's Healthcare Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yue Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuqing Song
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiateng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ye Han
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Nan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haiyan Lin
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Ye Yin
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Xiao Han
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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2
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Accattatis FM, Caruso A, Carleo A, Del Console P, Gelsomino L, Bonofiglio D, Giordano C, Barone I, Andò S, Bianchi L, Catalano S. CEBP-β and PLK1 as Potential Mediators of the Breast Cancer/Obesity Crosstalk: In Vitro and In Silico Analyses. Nutrients 2023; 15:2839. [PMID: 37447165 DOI: 10.3390/nu15132839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last two decades, obesity has reached pandemic proportions in several countries, and expanding evidence is showing its contribution to several types of malignancies, including breast cancer (BC). The conditioned medium (CM) from mature adipocytes contains a complex of secretes that may mimic the obesity condition in studies on BC cell lines conducted in vitro. Here, we report a transcriptomic analysis on MCF-7 BC cells exposed to adipocyte-derived CM and focus on the predictive functional relevance that CM-affected pathways/processes and related biomarkers (BMs) may have in BC response to obesity. CM was demonstrated to increase cell proliferation, motility and invasion as well as broadly alter the transcript profiles of MCF-7 cells by significantly modulating 364 genes. Bioinformatic functional analyses unraveled the presence of five highly relevant central hubs in the direct interaction networks (DIN), and Kaplan-Meier analysis sorted the CCAAT/enhancer binding protein beta (CEBP-β) and serine/threonine-protein kinase PLK1 (PLK1) as clinically significant biomarkers in BC. Indeed, CEBP-β and PLK1 negatively correlated with BC overall survival and were up-regulated by adipocyte-derived CM. In addition to their known involvement in cell proliferation and tumor progression, our work suggests them as a possible "deus ex machina" in BC response to fat tissue humoral products in obese women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felice Maria Accattatis
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, Via P. Bucci, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), 87036 Cosenza, Italy
| | - Amanda Caruso
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, Via P. Bucci, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), 87036 Cosenza, Italy
| | - Alfonso Carleo
- Department of Pulmonology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Piercarlo Del Console
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, Via P. Bucci, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), 87036 Cosenza, Italy
| | - Luca Gelsomino
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, Via P. Bucci, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), 87036 Cosenza, Italy
| | - Daniela Bonofiglio
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, Via P. Bucci, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), 87036 Cosenza, Italy
- Centro Sanitario, Via P. Bucci, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), 87036 Cosenza, Italy
| | - Cinzia Giordano
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, Via P. Bucci, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), 87036 Cosenza, Italy
- Centro Sanitario, Via P. Bucci, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), 87036 Cosenza, Italy
| | - Ines Barone
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, Via P. Bucci, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), 87036 Cosenza, Italy
- Centro Sanitario, Via P. Bucci, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), 87036 Cosenza, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Andò
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, Via P. Bucci, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), 87036 Cosenza, Italy
- Centro Sanitario, Via P. Bucci, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), 87036 Cosenza, Italy
| | - Laura Bianchi
- Section of Functional Proteomics, Department of Life Sciences, Via Aldo Moro, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Stefania Catalano
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, Via P. Bucci, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), 87036 Cosenza, Italy
- Centro Sanitario, Via P. Bucci, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), 87036 Cosenza, Italy
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3
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Matsuguchi S, Hirai Y. Syntaxin4, P-cadherin, and CCAAT enhancer binding protein β as signaling elements in the novel differentiation pathway for cultured embryonic stem cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 672:27-35. [PMID: 37331168 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.06.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cells possess the potential to differentiate into all three germ layers. However, upon removal of the stemness factors, pluripotent stem cells, such as embryonic stem cells (ESCs), exhibit EMT-like cell behavior and lose stemness signatures. This process involves the membrane translocation of the t-SNARE protein syntaxin4 (Stx4) and the expression of the intercellular adhesion molecule P-cadherin. The forced expression of either of these elements induces the emergence of such phenotypes even in the presence of stemness factors. Interestingly, extracellular Stx4, but not P-cadherin, appears to induce a significant upregulation of the gastrulation-related gene brachyury, along with a slight upregulation of the smooth muscle cell-related gene ACTA2 in ESCs. Furthermore, our findings reveal that extracellular Stx4 plays a role in preventing the elimination of CCAAT enhancer binding protein β (C/EBPβ). Notably, the forced overexpression of C/EBPβ led to the downregulation of brachyury and a significant upregulation of ACTA2 in ESCs. These observations suggest that extracellular Stx4 contributes to early mesoderm induction while simultaneously activating an element that alters the differentiation state. The fact that a single differentiation cue can elicit multiple differentiation responses may reflect the challenges associated with achieving sensitive and directed differentiation in cultured stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuji Matsuguchi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Kwansei Gakuin University, 1 Gakuen-Uegahara, Sanda, 669-1330, Japan.
| | - Yohei Hirai
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Kwansei Gakuin University, 1 Gakuen-Uegahara, Sanda, 669-1330, Japan.
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4
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Abstract
Recent studies have identified long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) as potential regulators of adipogenesis. In this study, we have characterized a lncRNA, LIPE-AS1, that spans genes CEACAM1 to LIPE in man with conservation of genomic organization and tissue expression between mouse and man. Tissue-specific expression of isoforms of the murine lncRNA were found in liver and adipose tissue, one of which, designated mLas-V3, overlapped the Lipe gene encoding hormone-sensitive lipase in both mouse and man suggesting that it may have a functional role in adipose tissue. Knock down of expression of mLas-V3 using anti-sense oligos (ASOs) led to a significant decrease in the differentiation of the OP9 pre-adipocyte cell line through the down regulation of the major adipogenic transcription factors Pparg and Cebpa. Knock down of mLas-V3 induced apoptosis during the differentiation of OP9 cells as shown by expression of active caspase-3, a change in the localization of LIP/LAP isoforms of C/EBPβ, and expression of the cellular stress induced factors CHOP, p53, PUMA, and NOXA. We conclude that mLas-V3 may play a role in protecting against stress associated with adipogenesis, and its absence leads to apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa Thunen
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
- Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Deirdre La Placa
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Zhifang Zhang
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - John E. Shively
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
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5
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Mandl M, Viertler HP, Hatzmann FM, Brucker C, Großmann S, Waldegger P, Rauchenwald T, Mattesich M, Zwierzina M, Pierer G, Zwerschke W. An organoid model derived from human adipose stem/progenitor cells to study adipose tissue physiology. Adipocyte 2022; 11:164-174. [PMID: 35297273 PMCID: PMC8932919 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2022.2044601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We established a functional adipose organoid model system for human adipose stem/progenitor cells (ASCs) isolated from white adipose tissue (WAT). ASCs were forced to self-aggregate by a hanging-drop technique. Afterwards, spheroids were transferred into agar-coated cell culture dishes to avoid plastic-adherence and dis-aggregation. Adipocyte differentiation was induced by an adipogenic hormone cocktail. Morphometric analysis revealed a significant increase in organoid size in the course of adipogenesis until d 18. Whole mount staining of organoids using specific lipophilic dyes showed large multi- and unilocular fat deposits in differentiated cells indicating highly efficient differentiation of ASCs into mature adipocytes. Moreover, we found a strong induction of the expression of key adipogenesis and adipocyte markers (CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP) β, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) γ, fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4), adiponectin) during adipose organoid formation. Secreted adiponectin was detected in the cell culture supernatant, underscoring the physiological relevance of mature adipocytes in the organoid model. Moreover, colony formation assays of collagenase-digested organoids revealed the maintenance of a significant fraction of ASCs within newly formed organoids. In conclusion, we provide a reliable and highly efficient WAT organoid model, which enables accurate analysis of cellular and molecular markers of adipogenic differentiation and adipocyte physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Mandl
- Division of Cell Metabolism and Differentiation Research, Research Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Hans P. Viertler
- Division of Cell Metabolism and Differentiation Research, Research Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Florian M. Hatzmann
- Division of Cell Metabolism and Differentiation Research, Research Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Camille Brucker
- Division of Cell Metabolism and Differentiation Research, Research Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Sonja Großmann
- Division of Cell Metabolism and Differentiation Research, Research Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Petra Waldegger
- Division of Cell Metabolism and Differentiation Research, Research Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Tina Rauchenwald
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Monika Mattesich
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Marit Zwierzina
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Gerhard Pierer
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Werner Zwerschke
- Division of Cell Metabolism and Differentiation Research, Research Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck, Austria
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6
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Regulatory mechanisms of the early phase of white adipocyte differentiation: an overview. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:139. [PMID: 35184223 PMCID: PMC8858922 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04169-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The adipose
organ comprises two main fat depots termed white and brown adipose tissues. Adipogenesis is a process leading to newly differentiated adipocytes starting from precursor cells, which requires the contribution of many cellular activities at the genome, transcriptome, proteome, and metabolome levels. The adipogenic program is accomplished through two sequential phases; the first includes events favoring the commitment of adipose tissue stem cells/precursors to preadipocytes, while the second involves mechanisms that allow the achievement of full adipocyte differentiation. While there is a very large literature about the mechanisms involved in terminal adipogenesis, little is known about the first stage of this process. Growing interest in this field is due to the recent identification of adipose tissue precursors, which include a heterogenous cell population within different types of adipose tissue as well as within the same fat depot. In addition, the alteration of the heterogeneity of adipose tissue stem cells and of the mechanisms involved in their commitment have been linked to adipose tissue development defects and hence to the onset/progression of metabolic diseases, such as obesity. For this reason, the characterization of early adipogenic events is crucial to understand the etiology and the evolution of adipogenesis-related pathologies, and to explore the adipose tissue precursors’ potential as future tools for precision medicine.
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7
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Thakkar N, Shin YB, Sung HK. Nutritional Regulation of Mammary Tumor Microenvironment. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:803280. [PMID: 35186923 PMCID: PMC8847692 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.803280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammary gland is a heterogeneous organ comprising of immune cells, surrounding adipose stromal cells, vascular cells, mammary epithelial, and cancer stem cells. In response to nutritional stimuli, dynamic interactions amongst these cell populations can be modulated, consequently leading to an alteration of the glandular function, physiology, and ultimately disease pathogenesis. For example, obesity, a chronic over-nutritional condition, is known to disrupt homeostasis within the mammary gland and increase risk of breast cancer development. In contrast, emerging evidence has demonstrated that fasting or caloric restriction can negatively impact mammary tumorigenesis. However, how fasting induces phenotypic and functional population differences in the mammary microenvironment is not well understood. In this review, we will provide a detailed overview on the effect of nutritional conditions (i.e., overnutrition or fasting) on the mammary gland microenvironment and its impact on mammary tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Thakkar
- Translational Medicine Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ye Bin Shin
- Translational Medicine Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Hoon-Ki Sung
- Translational Medicine Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- *Correspondence: Hoon-Ki Sung,
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8
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Gatticchi L, Petricciuolo M, Scarpelli P, Macchioni L, Corazzi L, Roberti R. Tm7sf2 gene promotes adipocyte differentiation of mouse embryonic fibroblasts and improves insulin sensitivity. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2020; 1868:118897. [PMID: 33121932 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2020.118897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Adipogenesis is a finely orchestrated program involving a transcriptional cascade coordinated by CEBP and PPAR family members and by hormonally induced signaling pathways. Alterations in any of these factors result into impaired formation of fully differentiated adipocytes. Tm7sf2 gene encodes for a Δ(14)-sterol reductase primarily involved in cholesterol biosynthesis. Furthermore, TM7SF2 modulates the expression of the master gene of adipogenesis PPARγ, suggesting a role in the regulation of adipose tissue homeostasis. We investigated the differentiation of Tm7sf2-/- MEFs into adipocytes, compared to Tm7sf2+/+ MEFs. Tm7sf2 expression was increased at late stage of differentiation in wild type cells, while Tm7sf2-/- MEFs exhibited a reduced capacity to differentiate into mature adipocytes. Indeed, Tm7sf2-/- MEFs had lower neutral lipid accumulation and reduced expression of adipogenic regulators. At early stage, the reduction in C/EBPβ expression impaired mitotic clonal expansion, which is needed by preadipocytes for adipogenesis induction. At late stage, the expression and activity of C/EBPα and PPARγ were inhibited in Tm7sf2-/- cells, leading to the reduced expression of adipocyte genes like Srebp-1c, Fasn, Scd-1, Adipoq, Fabp4, and Glut4. Loss of the acquisition of adipocyte phenotype was accompanied by a reduction in the levels of Irs1, and phosphorylated Akt and ERK1/2, indicating a blunted insulin signaling in differentiating Tm7sf2-/- cells. Moreover, throughout the differentiation process, increased expression of the antiadipogenic Mmp3 was observed in MEFs lacking Tm7sf2. These findings indicate Tm7sf2 as a novel factor influencing adipocyte differentiation that could be relevant to adipose tissue development and maintenance of metabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Gatticchi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Maya Petricciuolo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Paolo Scarpelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Lara Macchioni
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Lanfranco Corazzi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Rita Roberti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy.
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9
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Oh GS, Yoon J, Kim G, Kim GH, Kim DS, Choi B, Chang EJ, Lee ES, Kim SW. Regulation of adipocyte differentiation by clusterin-mediated Krüppel-like factor 5 stabilization. FASEB J 2020; 34:16276-16290. [PMID: 33078455 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202000551rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Clusterin (CLU) is a heterodimeric glycoprotein involved in a range of biological processes. We investigated the function of CLU as a novel regulator of adipogenesis. CLU expression increased during 3T3-L1 preadipocyte differentiation. CLU overexpression promoted adipogenic differentiation of preadipocytes and increased the mRNA levels of adipogenic markers including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (Pparg) and CCAAT enhancer-binding protein α (Cebpa). Conversely, knockdown of CLU attenuated adipogenesis and reduced transcript levels of Pparg and Cebpa. However, the promoter activities of both the Pparg and the Cebpa gene were not affected by alteration of CLU expression on its own. Additionally, the protein level of Krüppel-like factor 5 (KLF5), an upstream transcription factor of Pparg and Cebpa involved in adipogenic differentiation, was upregulated by CLU overexpression, although the mRNA level of Klf5 was not altered by changes in the expression level of CLU. Cycloheximide chase assay showed that the increased level of KLF5 by CLU overexpression was due to decreased degradation of KLF5 protein. Interestingly, CLU increased the stability of KLF5 by decreasing KLF5 ubiquitination. CLU inhibited the interaction between KLF5 and F-box/WD repeat-containing protein 7, which is an E3 ubiquitin ligase that targets KLF5. The adipogenic role of CLU was also addressed in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and Clu-/- mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs). Furthermore, CLU enhanced KLF5-mediated transcriptional activation of both the Cebpa and the Pparg promoter. Taken together, these results suggest that CLU is a novel regulator of adipocyte differentiation by modulating the protein stability of the adipogenic transcription factor KLF5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyun-Sik Oh
- Department of Pharmacology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Bio-Medical Institute of Technology, University of Ulsan, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Yoon
- Department of Pharmacology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Bio-Medical Institute of Technology, University of Ulsan, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gukhan Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Geun Hyang Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Seop Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Bio-Medical Institute of Technology, University of Ulsan, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Medical Science, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bongkun Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Ju Chang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Sook Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Bio-Medical Institute of Technology, University of Ulsan, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Whan Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Bio-Medical Institute of Technology, University of Ulsan, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Medical Science, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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10
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Regulation of MYO18B mRNA by a network of C19MC miRNA-520G, IFN-γ, CEBPB, p53 and bFGF in hepatocellular carcinoma. Sci Rep 2020; 10:12371. [PMID: 32704163 PMCID: PMC7378193 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69179-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
MYO18B has been proposed to contribute to the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the signals that govern MYO18B transcription are not known. Here we show that, a network of C19MC miRNA-520G, IFN-γ, CEBPB and p53 transcriptional-defects promote MYO18B mRNA expression in HCCs. IFN-γ by itself suppresses MYO18B transcription, but promotes it when miRNA-520G is stably overexpressed. Similarly, CEBPB-liver-enriched activator protein (LAP) isoform overexpression suppresses MYO18B transcription but promotes transcription when the cells are treated with IFN-γ. Furthermore, miR-520G together with mutant-p53 promotes MYO18B transcription. Conversely, bFGF suppresses MYO18B mRNA irrespective of CEBPB, miR-520G overexpression or IFN-γ treatment. Finally high MYO18B expression reflects poor prognosis while high MYL5 or MYO1B expression reflects better survival of HCC patients. Thus, we identified a network of positive and negative regulators of MYO18B mRNA expression which reflects the survival of HCC patients.
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11
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Campitelli M, Desiderio A, Cacace G, Nigro C, Prevenzano I, Leone A, de Simone S, Campiglia P, Formisano P, Raciti GA, Beguinot F, Miele C. Citrus aurantium L. Dry Extracts Ameliorate Adipocyte Differentiation of 3T3-L1 Cells Exposed to TNFα by Down-Regulating miR-155 Expression. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12061587. [PMID: 32481686 PMCID: PMC7352926 DOI: 10.3390/nu12061587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Citrus aurantium L. dry extracts (CAde) improve adipogenesis in vitro. These effects are dependent from an early modulation of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein beta (C/Ebpβ) expression and cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate (cAMP) response element-binding protein (CREB) activation. C/Ebpβ and Creb are also targets of miR-155. This study investigated whether CAde regulates miR-155 expression in the early stages of adipogenesis and whether it ameliorates adipocyte differentiation of cells exposed to tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα). Adipogenic stimuli (AS) were performed in 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes treated with CAde, TNFα, or both. Gene and miRNA expression were determined by quantitative real-time PCR. Adipogenesis was evaluated by Oil-Red O staining. CAde treatment enhanced AS effects during the early adipogenesis phases by further down-regulating miR-155 expression and increasing both C/Ebpβ and Creb mRNA and protein levels. At variance, TNFα inhibited 3T3-L1 adipogenesis and abolished AS effects on miR-155, C/Ebpβ, and Creb expression. However, in cells exposed to TNFα, CAde improved adipocyte differentiation and restored the AS effects on miRNA and gene expression at early time points. In conclusion, this study identified miR-155 down-regulation as part of the mechanism through which CAde enhances adipogenesis of pre-adipocytes in vitro. Furthermore, it provides evidence of CAde efficacy against TNFα negative effects on adipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Campitelli
- URT Genomics of Diabetes, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.C.); (A.D.); (G.C.); (C.N.); (I.P.); (A.L.); (S.d.S.); (P.F.); (F.B.)
- Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Antonella Desiderio
- URT Genomics of Diabetes, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.C.); (A.D.); (G.C.); (C.N.); (I.P.); (A.L.); (S.d.S.); (P.F.); (F.B.)
- Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Cacace
- URT Genomics of Diabetes, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.C.); (A.D.); (G.C.); (C.N.); (I.P.); (A.L.); (S.d.S.); (P.F.); (F.B.)
- Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Cecilia Nigro
- URT Genomics of Diabetes, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.C.); (A.D.); (G.C.); (C.N.); (I.P.); (A.L.); (S.d.S.); (P.F.); (F.B.)
- Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Immacolata Prevenzano
- URT Genomics of Diabetes, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.C.); (A.D.); (G.C.); (C.N.); (I.P.); (A.L.); (S.d.S.); (P.F.); (F.B.)
- Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Alessia Leone
- URT Genomics of Diabetes, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.C.); (A.D.); (G.C.); (C.N.); (I.P.); (A.L.); (S.d.S.); (P.F.); (F.B.)
- Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Sonia de Simone
- URT Genomics of Diabetes, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.C.); (A.D.); (G.C.); (C.N.); (I.P.); (A.L.); (S.d.S.); (P.F.); (F.B.)
- Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Pietro Campiglia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy;
- European Biomedical Research Institute of Salerno, 84125 Salerno, Italy
| | - Pietro Formisano
- URT Genomics of Diabetes, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.C.); (A.D.); (G.C.); (C.N.); (I.P.); (A.L.); (S.d.S.); (P.F.); (F.B.)
- Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Gregory A. Raciti
- URT Genomics of Diabetes, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.C.); (A.D.); (G.C.); (C.N.); (I.P.); (A.L.); (S.d.S.); (P.F.); (F.B.)
- Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence: (G.A.R.); (C.M.); Tel.: +39-081-746-3045 (G.A.R.); +39-081-746-3248 (C.M.)
| | - Francesco Beguinot
- URT Genomics of Diabetes, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.C.); (A.D.); (G.C.); (C.N.); (I.P.); (A.L.); (S.d.S.); (P.F.); (F.B.)
- Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Claudia Miele
- URT Genomics of Diabetes, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.C.); (A.D.); (G.C.); (C.N.); (I.P.); (A.L.); (S.d.S.); (P.F.); (F.B.)
- Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence: (G.A.R.); (C.M.); Tel.: +39-081-746-3045 (G.A.R.); +39-081-746-3248 (C.M.)
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12
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Muruganandan S, Ionescu AM, Sinal CJ. At the Crossroads of the Adipocyte and Osteoclast Differentiation Programs: Future Therapeutic Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21072277. [PMID: 32224846 PMCID: PMC7177886 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The coordinated development and function of bone-forming (osteoblasts) and bone-resorbing (osteoclasts) cells is critical for the maintenance of skeletal integrity and calcium homeostasis. An enhanced adipogenic versus osteogenic potential of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has been linked to bone loss associated with diseases such as diabetes mellitus, as well as aging and postmenopause. In addition to an inherent decrease in bone formation due to reduced osteoblast numbers, recent experimental evidence indicates that an increase in bone marrow adipocytes contributes to a disproportionate increase in osteoclast formation. Therefore, a potential strategy for therapeutic intervention in chronic bone loss disorders such as osteoporosis is to interfere with the pro-osteoclastogenic influence of marrow adipocytes. However, application of this approach is limited by the extremely complex regulatory processes in the osteoclastogenic program. For example, key regulators of osteoclastogenesis such as the receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB ligand (RANKL) and the soluble decoy receptor osteoprotegerin (OPG) are not only secreted by both osteoblasts and adipocytes, but are also regulated through several cytokines produced by these cell types. In this context, biologically active signaling molecules secreted from bone marrow adipocytes, such as chemerin, adiponectin, leptin, visfatin and resistin, can have a profound influence on the osteoclast differentiation program of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), and thus, hold therapeutic potential under disease conditions. In addition to these paracrine signals, adipogenic transcription factors including CCAAT/enhancer binding protein alpha (C/EBPα), C/EBP beta (C/EBPβ) and peroxisome proliferator-associated receptor gamma (PPARγ) are also expressed by osteoclastogenic cells. However, in contrast to MSCs, activation of these adipogenic transcription factors in HSCs promotes the differentiation of osteoclast precursors into mature osteoclasts. Herein, we discuss the molecular mechanisms that link adipogenic signaling molecules and transcription factors to the osteoclast differentiation program and highlight therapeutic strategies targeting these mechanisms for promoting bone homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanmugam Muruganandan
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, 188 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +614-971-0412
| | - Andreia M. Ionescu
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, 188 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
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Sulforaphene Suppresses Adipocyte Differentiation via Induction of Post-Translational Degradation of CCAAT/Enhancer Binding Protein Beta (C/EBPβ). Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12030758. [PMID: 32183002 PMCID: PMC7146557 DOI: 10.3390/nu12030758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipocyte differentiation (adipogenesis) is a crucial process that determines the total number and size of mature adipocytes that will develop. In this study, the anti-adipogenic effect of sulforaphene (SFEN), a dietary isothiocyanate (ITC) derived from radish, is investigated both in 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes and in human adipose tissue-derived stem cells. The results revealed that SFEN significantly inhibit adipogenic cocktail-induced adipocyte differentiation and lipid accumulation at the early stage of adipogenesis. Additionally, the effects are more potent compared to those of other ITCs derived from various cruciferous vegetables. As a related molecular mechanism of action, SFEN promotes the post-translational degradation of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP) β by decreasing the stability of C/EBPβ, which is responsible for decreasing the expression of master regulatory proteins such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ and C/EBPα. Collectively, these results suggest that the intake of SFEN-enriched natural materials could be helpful as a strategy for preventing obesity.
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14
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Hwang SH, Lee M. Autophagy inhibition in 3T3-L1 adipocytes breaks the crosstalk with tumor cells by suppression of adipokine production. Anim Cells Syst (Seoul) 2020; 24:17-25. [PMID: 32158612 PMCID: PMC7048175 DOI: 10.1080/19768354.2019.1700159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Several studies have revealed the functional importance of autophagy in both adipogenesis and carcinogenesis. Here, we investigated autophagy as a link between tumorigenesis and adipogenesis using 3T3-L1 cells, which have been shown to closely mimic the in vivo differentiation process. The relative levels of LC3-II/I showed that autophagy was the highest after 4–6 days of initiation of differentiation and it diminished thereafter. Furthermore, chloroquine (CQ), a late autophagy inhibitor, effectively inhibited adipogenic differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells, suggesting that autophagy may have a positive impact on adipogenic differentiation. Notably, real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis showed that CQ completely blocked the mRNA expression of three adipokines (adiponectin, leptin, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ)), which increased proportionally to adipocyte differentiation. Using adipokine antibody arrays, we also found that among 38 adipokines examined, 6 adipokines were significantly differentially regulated in mature adipocytes compared to those in preadipocytes. A comparative analysis of adipokine production revealed that CQ-treated adipocytes displayed a profile similar to that of preadipocytes. Subsequently, CQ treatment significantly inhibited the migration capacity of v-Ha-ras-transformed cells in both 3T3-L1 adipocyte-conditioned medium and co-culture with 3T3-L1 using a transwell plate. Taken together, our results suggest that autophagy inhibition blocks the production of mediators relevant to the adipogenic process and may significantly contribute to reducing obesity-related cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Hee Hwang
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Michael Lee
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
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15
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Wang L, Wang C, Wu S, Fan Y, Li X. Influence of the mechanical properties of biomaterials on degradability, cell behaviors and signaling pathways: current progress and challenges. Biomater Sci 2020; 8:2714-2733. [DOI: 10.1039/d0bm00269k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
We have clarified the influence of the mechanical properties of biomaterials on degradability and cell response, and also mechanical design targets and approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering
- Beihang University
- Beijing 100083
- China
| | - Cunyang Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering
- Beihang University
- Beijing 100083
- China
| | - Shuai Wu
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering
- Beihang University
- Beijing 100083
- China
| | - Yubo Fan
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering
- Beihang University
- Beijing 100083
- China
| | - Xiaoming Li
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering
- Beihang University
- Beijing 100083
- China
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16
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Pesce Viglietti AI, Giambartolomei GH, Quarleri J, Delpino MV. Brucella abortus Infection Modulates 3T3-L1 Adipocyte Inflammatory Response and Inhibits Adipogenesis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:585923. [PMID: 33071987 PMCID: PMC7531218 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.585923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Brucellosis is a prevalent global zoonotic infection but has far more impact in developing countries. The adipocytes are the most abundant cell type of adipose tissue and their secreted factors play an important role in several aspects of the innate and adaptive immune response. Here, we demonstrated the ability of Brucella abortus to infect and replicate in both adipocytes and its precursor cells (pre-adipocytes) derived from 3T3-L1 cell line. Additionally, infection of pre-adipocytes also inhibited adipogenesis in a mechanism independent of bacterial viability and dependent on lipidated outer membrane protein (L-Omp19). B. abortus infection was able to modulate the secretion of IL-6 and the matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) -2 and-9 in pre-adipocytes and adipocytes, and also modulated de transcription of adiponectin, leptin, and resistin in differentiated adipocytes. B. abortus-infected macrophages also modulate adipocyte differentiation involving a TNF-α dependent mechanism, thus suggesting a plausible interplay between B. abortus, adipocytes, and macrophages. In conclusion, B. abortus is able to alter adipogenesis process in adipocytes and its precursors directly after their infection, or merely their exposure to the B. abortus lipoproteins, and indirectly through soluble factors released by B. abortus-infected macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayelén Ivana Pesce Viglietti
- Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo (INIGEM), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Guillermo Hernán Giambartolomei
- Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo (INIGEM), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jorge Quarleri
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y Sida (INBIRS), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- *Correspondence: María Victoria Delpino, ; Jorge Quarleri,
| | - María Victoria Delpino
- Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo (INIGEM), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- *Correspondence: María Victoria Delpino, ; Jorge Quarleri,
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17
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Türküner MS, Özcan F. Monosodium glutamate restricts the adipogenic potential of 3T3‐L1 preadipocytes through mitotic clonal expansion. Cell Biol Int 2019; 44:744-754. [DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Soner Türküner
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences Gebze Technical University (GTU) Gebze Kocaeli 41400 Turkey
| | - Ferruh Özcan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences Gebze Technical University (GTU) Gebze Kocaeli 41400 Turkey
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18
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Ejaz A, Hatzmann FM, Hammerle S, Ritthammer H, Mattesich M, Zwierzina M, Waldegger P, Zwerschke W. Fibroblast feeder layer supports adipogenic differentiation of human adipose stromal/progenitor cells. Adipocyte 2019; 8:178-189. [PMID: 31033380 PMCID: PMC6768258 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2019.1608751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose stromal/progenitor cells (ASCs) can differentiate into adipocytes in the course of adipogenesis. This process is governed by systemic factors and signals of the adipose stem cell niche. ASCs isolated from fat tissues and amplified in vitro provide an essential and reliable model system to study adipogenesis. However, current cell culture models routinely grow ASCs on plastic surfaces largely missing niche parameters. In the present communication, we employed human foreskin fibroblasts (HFFs) monolayers as feeder cells for ASCs, which were isolated from human subcutaneous white adipose tissue and amplified in vitro. We found that PPARγ2 and several adipocyte markers were significantly higher expressed in differentiated ASCs growing on feeder layers relative to plastic dishes. Moreover, a significant higher number of adipocytes was generated from ASCs cultured on feeder layer and these adipocytes contained larger fat droplets. Insulin strongly stimulated glucose uptake into adipocytes produced on feeder layer suggesting that these cells show characteristic metabolic features of fat cells. Finally, we show that the HFF feeder layer allows adipogenic differentiation of low-density-seeded ASCs. In conclusion, we demonstrate that the HFF feeder layer increases adipocyte differentiation of ASCs and allows differentiation of low density seeded progenitor cells into functional adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asim Ejaz
- Division of Cell Metabolism and Differentiation Research, Research Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Florian M Hatzmann
- Division of Cell Metabolism and Differentiation Research, Research Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Sarina Hammerle
- Division of Cell Metabolism and Differentiation Research, Research Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Heike Ritthammer
- Division of Cell Metabolism and Differentiation Research, Research Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Monika Mattesich
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Marit Zwierzina
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Petra Waldegger
- Division of Cell Metabolism and Differentiation Research, Research Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Werner Zwerschke
- Division of Cell Metabolism and Differentiation Research, Research Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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19
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Lindner A, Marbach F, Tschernitz S, Ortner C, Berneburg M, Felthaus O, Prantl L, Kye MJ, Rappl G, Altmüller J, Thiele H, Schreml S, Schreml J. Calcyphosine-like (CAPSL) is regulated in Multiple Symmetric Lipomatosis and is involved in Adipogenesis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:8444. [PMID: 31186450 PMCID: PMC6559987 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-44382-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Little is known on the causes and pathogenesis of the adipose tissue disorder (familial) Multiple Symmetric Lipomatosis (MSL). In a four-generation MSL-family, we performed whole exome sequencing (WES) in 3 affected individuals and 1 obligate carrier and identified Calcyphosine-like (CAPSL) as the most promising candidate gene for this family. Screening of 21 independent patients excluded CAPSL coding sequence variants as a common monogenic cause, but using immunohistochemistry we found that CAPSL was down-regulated in adipose tissue not only from the index patient but also in 10 independent sporadic MSL-patients. This suggests that CAPSL is regulated in sporadic MSL irrespective of the underlying genetic/multifactorial cause. Furthermore, we cultivated pre-adipocytes from MSL-patients and generated 3T3-L1-based Capsl knockout and overexpressing cell models showing altered autophagy, adipogenesis, lipogenesis and Sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) expression. CAPSL seems to be involved in adipocyte biology and perturbation of autophagy is a potential mechanism in the pathogenesis of MSL. Downregulation of CAPSL and upregulation of UCP1 were common features in MSL fat while the known MSL genes MFN2 and LIPE did not show consistent alterations. CAPSL immunostainings could serve as first diagnostic tools in MSL clinical care with a potential to improve time to diagnosis and healthcare options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angie Lindner
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Felix Marbach
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Sebastian Tschernitz
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Christine Ortner
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Mark Berneburg
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Oliver Felthaus
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Lukas Prantl
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Min Jeong Kye
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Gunter Rappl
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC) and Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Janine Altmüller
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Holger Thiele
- Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Stephan Schreml
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Julia Schreml
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
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20
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Sprouty1 is a weight-loss target gene in human adipose stem/progenitor cells that is mandatory for the initiation of adipogenesis. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:411. [PMID: 31138786 PMCID: PMC6538615 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1657-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The differentiation of adipose stem/progenitor cells (ASCs) into adipocytes contributes to adipose tissue expansion in obesity. This process is regulated by numerous signalling pathways including MAPK signalling. In the present study, we show that weight loss (WL) interventions induce upregulation of Sprouty1 (SPRY1), a negative regulator of MAPK signalling, in human ASCs and elucidate the role of the Sprouty1/MAPK interaction for adipogenic differentiation. We found that the Sprouty1 protein levels are low in proliferating ASCs, increasing in density arrested ASCs at the onset of adipogenic differentiation and decreasing in the course of adipogenesis. Knock-down (KD) of Sprouty1 by RNA interference led to elevated MAPK activity and reduced expression of the early adipogenic transcription factor CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein β (C/EBP β), concomitant with an abrogation of adipogenesis. Intriguingly, co-treatment of Sprouty1 KD ASCs with differentiation medium and the pharmacological MEK inhibitor U0126 blunted ERK phosphorylation; however, failed to rescue adipogenic differentiation. Thus, the effects of the Sprouty1 KD are not reversed by inhibiting MAPK signalling although the inhibition of MAPK signalling by U0126 did not prevent adipogenic differentiation in wild type ASCs. In conclusion, we show that Sprouty1 is induced after WL in ASCs of formerly obese people acting as a negative regulator of MAPK signalling, which is necessary to properly trigger adipogenesis at early stages by a C/EBP β dependent mechanism.
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21
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Lee KW, Jeong JY, An YJ, Lee JH, Yim HS. FGF11 influences 3T3-L1 preadipocyte differentiation by modulating the expression of PPARγ regulators. FEBS Open Bio 2019; 9:769-780. [PMID: 30984550 PMCID: PMC6443871 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor 11 (FGF11) is a member of the intracellular fibroblast growth factor superfamily. Here, we identified FGF11 as a novel mediator of adipogenesis. During 3T3‐L1 adipocyte differentiation, the expression of FGF11 decreased at the mitotic clonal expansion stage and increased at the terminal differentiation stage. FGF11 knockdown reduced the expression of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), a master regulator of adipogenesis, resulting in the inhibition of adipocyte differentiation. Treatment with the PPARγ agonist rosiglitazone restored the inhibition of adipogenesis caused by FGF11 knockdown. We also report that the expression of the PPARγ regulators CCAAT/enhancer‐binding protein α, sterol regulatory element‐binding protein 1, KLF9, KLF2, GATA binding factor 2, and GATA binding factor 3 was influenced by FGF11. These results suggest that FGF11 indirectly controls the expression of PPARγ through modifying the expression of multiple PPARγ regulators, thereby mediating adipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyeong Won Lee
- Marine Biotechnology Research Center Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology Busan Korea
| | - Jae-Yeon Jeong
- Marine Biotechnology Research Center Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology Busan Korea
| | - Young Jun An
- Marine Biotechnology Research Center Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology Busan Korea
| | - Jung-Hyun Lee
- Marine Biotechnology Research Center Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology Busan Korea.,Department of Marine Biotechnology Korea University of Science and Technology Daejeon Korea
| | - Hyung-Soon Yim
- Marine Biotechnology Research Center Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology Busan Korea
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22
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Logan NJ, Camman M, Williams G, Higgins CA. Demethylation of ITGAV accelerates osteogenic differentiation in a blast-induced heterotopic ossification in vitro cell culture model. Bone 2018; 117:149-160. [PMID: 30219480 PMCID: PMC6218666 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2018.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Trauma-induced heterotopic ossification is an intriguing phenomenon involving the inappropriate ossification of soft tissues within the body such as the muscle and ligaments. This inappropriate formation of bone is highly prevalent in those affected by blast injuries. Here, we developed a simplified cell culture model to evaluate the molecular events involved in heterotopic ossification onset that arise from the shock wave component of the disease. We exposed three subtypes of human mesenchymal cells in vitro to a single, high-energy shock wave and observed increased transcription in the osteogenic master regulators, Runx2 and Dlx5, and significantly accelerated cell mineralisation. Reduced representation bisulfite sequencing revealed that the shock wave altered methylation of gene promoters, leading to opposing changes in gene expression. Using a drug to target ITGAV, whose expression was perturbed by the shock wave, we found that we could abrogate the deposition of mineral in our model. These findings show how new therapeutics for the treatment of heterotopic ossification can be identified using cell culture models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niall J Logan
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom,.
| | - Marie Camman
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Greg Williams
- Farjo Hair Institute, London, W1G 7LH, United Kingdom.
| | - Claire A Higgins
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom,.
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23
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Substrate elasticity regulates adipose-derived stromal cell differentiation towards osteogenesis and adipogenesis through β-catenin transduction. Acta Biomater 2018; 79:83-95. [PMID: 30134207 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2017] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
It is generally recognised that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can differentiate into multiple lineages through guidance from the biophysical properties of the substrates. However, the precise biophysical mechanism that enables MSCs to respond to substrate properties remains unclear. In the current study, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrates with different stiffnesses were fabricated and the way in which the elastic modulus of the substrate regulated differentiation towards osteogenesis and adipogenesis in adipose-derived stromal cells (ASCs) was explored. Initially, a cell morphology change by SEM was observed between the stiff and soft substrates. The cytoskeleton stains including microfilament by F-actin and microtubule by α- and β-tubulin further showed a larger cell spreading area on the stiff substrate. Then the expression of vinculin, in charge for the linkage of adhesion molecules to the actin cytoskeleton, was enhanced on the stiff substrate. This change in focal adhesion plaque further triggered intracellular β-catenin signaling and promoted its nuclear translocation especially on the stiff substrate. The influence of β-catenin signaling on direct differentiation to osteogenic lineages was through direct binding between its downstream protein, Lef-1, and the osteogenic transcriptional factors, Runx2 and Osx, while on differentiation to adipogenic lineages was through modulating the expression of PPARγ. The imbalance of stiffness-induced β-catenin signaling finally induced a stronger osteogenesis and a weaker adipogenesis on the stiff substrate relative to those on the soft substrate. This study indicates the importance of stiffness on ASC differentiation and could help to increase understanding of the mechanism underlying molecular signal transduction from mechanosensing, mechanotransducing to stem cell differentiation. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Mesenchymal stem cells can differentiate into multiple lineages, such as adipogenesis, myogenesis, neurogenesis, angiogenesis and osteogenesis, through influence of biophysical properties of the extracellular matrix. However, the precise bio-mechanism that triggers stem cell differentiation in response to matrix biophysical properties remains unclear. In the current study, we provide a series of experiments involving the characterization of cell morphology, microfilament, microtubule and adhesion capacity of adipose-derived stromal cells (ASCs) in response to substrate stiffness, and further elucidation of cytoplasmic β-catenin-dependent signal transduction, nuclear translocation and resultant promoter activation of transcriptional factors for osteogenesis and adipogenesis. This study provides an explanation on deeper understanding of bio-mechanism underlying substrate stiffness-triggered β-catenin signal transduction from active mechanosensing, mechanotransducing to stem cell differentiation.
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24
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Schwind L, Nalbach L, Zimmer AD, Kostelnik KB, Menegatti J, Grässer F, Götz C, Montenarh M. Quinalizarin inhibits adipogenesis through down-regulation of transcription factors and microRNA modulation. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2017; 1861:3272-3281. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2017.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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25
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Ejaz A, Mattesich M, Zwerschke W. Silencing of the small GTPase DIRAS3 induces cellular senescence in human white adipose stromal/progenitor cells. Aging (Albany NY) 2017; 9:860-879. [PMID: 28316325 PMCID: PMC5391236 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Inhibition of Akt-mTOR signaling protects from obesity and extends life span in animals. In the present study, we analyse the impact of the small GTPase, GTP-binding RAS-like 3 (DIRAS3), a recently identified weight-loss target gene, on cellular senescence in adipose stromal/progenitor cells (ASCs) derived from human subcutaneous white adipose tissue (sWAT). We demonstrate that DIRAS3 knock-down (KD) in ASCs induces activation of Akt-mTOR signaling and proliferation arrest. DIRAS3 KD ASCs lose the potential to form colonies and are negative for Ki-67. Moreover, silencing of DIRAS3 results in a premature senescence phenotype. This is characterized by senescence-associated β-galactosidase positive enlarged ASCs containing increased p16INK4A level and activated retinoblastoma protein. DIRAS3 KD ASCs form senescence-associated heterochromatic foci as shown by increased level of γ-H2A.X positive foci. Furthermore, these cells express a senescence-associated secretory phenotype characterized by increased interleukin-8 secretion. Human DIRAS3 KD ASCs develop also a senescence phenotype in sWAT of SCID mice. Finally, we show that DIRAS3 KD in ASCs stimulates both adipogenic differentiation and premature senescence. In conclusion, our data suggest that silencing of DIRAS3 in ASCs and subsequently hyper-activation of Akt-mTOR drives adipogenesis and premature senescence. Moreover, differentiating ASCs and/or mature adipocytes may acquire features of cellular senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asim Ejaz
- Division of Cell Metabolism and Differentiation Research, Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Monika Mattesich
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Innsbruck Medical University, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Werner Zwerschke
- Division of Cell Metabolism and Differentiation Research, Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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26
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Pramme-Steinwachs I, Jastroch M, Ussar S. Extracellular calcium modulates brown adipocyte differentiation and identity. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8888. [PMID: 28827782 PMCID: PMC5567186 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09025-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Brown adipocytes are important in regulating non-shivering thermogenesis, whole body glucose and lipid homeostasis. Increasing evidence supports an important role of metabolites as well as macro- and micronutrients in brown adipocyte differentiation and function. Calcium is one of the most abundant ions in the body regulating multiple cellular processes. We observed that increasing extracellular calcium concentration during brown adipocyte differentiation blocks lipid accumulation and suppresses induction of major adipogenic transcription factors such as PPARγ and C/EBPα. In contrast, the depletion of calcium in the medium enhances adipogenesis and expression of brown adipocyte selective genes, such as UCP1. Mechanistically, we show that elevated extracellular calcium inhibits C/EBPβ activity through hyperactivation of ERK, a process that is independent of intracellular calcium levels and reversibly halts differentiation. Moreover, increased extracellular calcium solely after the induction phase of differentiation specifically suppresses gene expression of UCP1, PRDM16 and PGC1-α. Notably, depleting extracellular calcium provokes opposite effects. Together, we show that modulating extracellular calcium concentration controls brown adipocyte differentiation and thermogenic gene expression, highlighting the importance of tissue microenvironment on brown adipocyte heterogeneity and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Pramme-Steinwachs
- JRG Adipocytes & Metabolism, Institute for Diabetes & Obesity, Helmholtz Center Munich, 85748, Garching, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Martin Jastroch
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute for Diabetes & Obesity, Helmholtz Center Munich, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Siegfried Ussar
- JRG Adipocytes & Metabolism, Institute for Diabetes & Obesity, Helmholtz Center Munich, 85748, Garching, Germany. .,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.
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27
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Hörl S, Ejaz A, Ernst S, Mattesich M, Kaiser A, Jenewein B, Zwierzina ME, Hammerle S, Miggitsch C, Mitterberger-Vogt MC, Krautgasser C, Pierer G, Zwerschke W. CD146 (MCAM) in human cs-DLK1 -/cs-CD34 + adipose stromal/progenitor cells. Stem Cell Res 2017; 22:1-12. [PMID: 28549249 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2017.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Revised: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
To precisely characterize CD146 in adipose stromal/progenitor cells (ASCs) we sorted the stromal vascular faction (SVF) of human abdominal subcutaneous white adipose tissue (sWAT) according to cell surface (cs) expression of CD146, DLK1 and CD34. This test identified three main SVF cell populations: ~50% cs-DLK1-/cs-CD34+/cs-CD146- ASCs, ~7.5% cs-DLK1+/cs-CD34dim/+/cs-CD146+ and ~7.5% cs-DLK1+/cs-CD34dim/+/cs-CD146- cells. All cells contained intracellular CD146. Whole mount fluorescent IHC staining of small vessels detected CD146+ endothelial cells (CD31+/CD34+/CD146+) and pericytes (CD31-/CD34-/CD146+ ASCs). The cells in the outer adventitial layer showed the typical ASC morphology, were strongly CD34+ and contained low amounts of intracellular CD146 protein (CD31-/CD34+/CD146+). Additionally, we detected wavy CD34-/CD146+ and CD34dim/CD146+ cells. CD34dim/CD146+ cells were slightly more bulky than CD34-/CD146+ cells. Both CD34-/CD146+ and CD34dim/CD146+ cells were detached from the inner pericyte layer and protruded into the outer adventitial layer. Cultured early passage ASCs contained low levels of CD146 mRNA, which was expressed in two different splicing variants, at a relatively high amount of the CD146-long form and at a relatively low amount of the CD146-short form. ASCs contained low levels of CD146 protein, which consisted predominantly long form and a small amount of short form. The CD146 protein was highly stable, and the majority of the protein was localized in the Golgi apparatus. In conclusion, the present study contributes to a better understanding of the spatial localization of CD34+/CD146+ and CD34-/CD146+ cells in the adipose niche of sWAT and identifies CD146 as intracellular protein in cs-DLK1-/cs-CD34+/cs-CD146- ASCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Hörl
- Division of Cell Metabolism and Differentiation Research, Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck, Rennweg 10, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Asim Ejaz
- Division of Cell Metabolism and Differentiation Research, Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck, Rennweg 10, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Sebastian Ernst
- Division of Cell Metabolism and Differentiation Research, Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck, Rennweg 10, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Monika Mattesich
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstraße 35, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Andreas Kaiser
- Division of Cell Metabolism and Differentiation Research, Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck, Rennweg 10, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Brigitte Jenewein
- Division of Cell Metabolism and Differentiation Research, Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck, Rennweg 10, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Marit E Zwierzina
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstraße 35, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Sarina Hammerle
- Division of Cell Metabolism and Differentiation Research, Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck, Rennweg 10, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Carina Miggitsch
- Division of Cell Metabolism and Differentiation Research, Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck, Rennweg 10, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Maria C Mitterberger-Vogt
- Division of Cell Metabolism and Differentiation Research, Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck, Rennweg 10, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Claudia Krautgasser
- Division of Cell Metabolism and Differentiation Research, Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck, Rennweg 10, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Gerhard Pierer
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstraße 35, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Werner Zwerschke
- Division of Cell Metabolism and Differentiation Research, Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck, Rennweg 10, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
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28
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Peng X, Giménez-Cassina A, Petrus P, Conrad M, Rydén M, Arnér ESJ. Thioredoxin reductase 1 suppresses adipocyte differentiation and insulin responsiveness. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28080. [PMID: 27346647 PMCID: PMC4921861 DOI: 10.1038/srep28080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently thioredoxin reductase 1 (TrxR1), encoded by Txnrd1, was suggested to modulate glucose and lipid metabolism in mice. Here we discovered that TrxR1 suppresses insulin responsiveness, anabolic metabolism and adipocyte differentiation. Immortalized mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) lacking Txnrd1 (Txnrd1−/−) displayed increased metabolic flux, glycogen storage, lipogenesis and adipogenesis. This phenotype coincided with upregulated PPARγ expression, promotion of mitotic clonal expansion and downregulation of p27 and p53. Enhanced Akt activation also contributed to augmented adipogenesis and insulin sensitivity. Knockdown of TXNRD1 transcripts accelerated adipocyte differentiation also in human primary preadipocytes. Furthermore, TXNRD1 transcript levels in subcutaneous adipose tissue from 56 women were inversely associated with insulin sensitivity in vivo and lipogenesis in their isolated adipocytes. These results suggest that TrxR1 suppresses anabolic metabolism and adipogenesis by inhibition of intracellular signaling pathways downstream of insulin stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Peng
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alfredo Giménez-Cassina
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.,Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CSIC-UAM), 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Paul Petrus
- Clinical Research Center, and the Department of Medicine, Huddinge University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, SE-141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marcus Conrad
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Developmental Genetics, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Mikael Rydén
- Clinical Research Center, and the Department of Medicine, Huddinge University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, SE-141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elias S J Arnér
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
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29
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Su X, Peng D, Zheng X. Apolipoprotein A5 inhibits adipogenesis of AMSCs potentially through the Cidec pathway. Int J Cardiol 2016; 212:107-8. [PMID: 27045875 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.03.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Su
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China.
| | - Daoquan Peng
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China.
| | - Xiaoyan Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China
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30
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Ejaz A, Mitterberger MC, Lu Z, Mattesich M, Zwierzina ME, Hörl S, Kaiser A, Viertler HP, Rostek U, Meryk A, Khalid S, Pierer G, Bast RC, Zwerschke W. Weight Loss Upregulates the Small GTPase DIRAS3 in Human White Adipose Progenitor Cells, Which Negatively Regulates Adipogenesis and Activates Autophagy via Akt-mTOR Inhibition. EBioMedicine 2016; 6:149-161. [PMID: 27211557 PMCID: PMC4856797 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2016.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Revised: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Long-term weight-loss (WL) interventions reduce insulin serum levels, protect from obesity, and postpone age-associated diseases. The impact of long-term WL on adipose-derived stromal/progenitor cells (ASCs) is unknown. We identified DIRAS3 and IGF-1 as long-term WL target genes up-regulated in ASCs in subcutaneous white adipose tissue of formerly obese donors (WLDs). We show that DIRAS3 negatively regulates Akt, mTOR and ERK1/2 signaling in ASCs undergoing adipogenesis and acts as a negative regulator of this pathway and an activator of autophagy. Studying the IGF-1–DIRAS3 interaction in ASCs of WLDs, we demonstrate that IGF-1, although strongly up-regulated in these cells, hardly activates Akt, while ERK1/2 and S6K1 phosphorylation is activated by IGF-1. Overexpression of DIRAS3 in WLD ASCs completely inhibits Akt phosphorylation also in the presence of IGF-1. Phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and S6K1 is lesser reduced under these conditions. In conclusion, our key findings are that DIRAS3 down-regulates Akt–mTOR signaling in ASCs of WLDs. Moreover, DIRAS3 inhibits adipogenesis and activates autophagy in these cells. Long-term weight loss (WL) induces DIRAS3 and IGF-1 in ASCs of sWAT in formerly obese humans. DIRAS3 selectively down-regulates IGF-1R-Akt–mTOR signaling in ASCs and channels the IGF-1 stimulus to the ERK1/2 branch. DIRAS3 inhibits adipogenesis and activates autophagy in ASCs.
Long-term weight loss (WL) interventions reduce insulin serum levels, protect from obesity and postpone age-associated diseases. The impact of WL on adipose-derived stromal/progenitor cells (ASCs), stem cell-like cells in human subcutaneous white adipose tissue (sWAT), is not understood. We found that WL induced GTP-binding RAS-like 3 (DIRAS3) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), regulators of the IGF-1–mTOR signal transduction pathway, in ASCs in sWAT of formerly obese humans. We demonstrate that DIRAS3 selectively down-regulates IGF-1R–Akt–mTOR signaling in ASCs upon WL even in the presence of high IGF-1 level and that DIRAS3 inhibits adipogenesis and activates autophagy in these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asim Ejaz
- Division of Cell Metabolism and Differentiation Research, Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Maria C Mitterberger
- Division of Cell Metabolism and Differentiation Research, Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Zhen Lu
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Monika Mattesich
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Innsbruck Medical University, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Marit E Zwierzina
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Innsbruck Medical University, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Susanne Hörl
- Division of Cell Metabolism and Differentiation Research, Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Andreas Kaiser
- Division of Cell Metabolism and Differentiation Research, Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Hans-Peter Viertler
- Division of Cell Metabolism and Differentiation Research, Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ursula Rostek
- Division of Cell Metabolism and Differentiation Research, Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Andreas Meryk
- Division of Cell Metabolism and Differentiation Research, Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Sana Khalid
- Daniel Swarovski Research Laboratory, Department of Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic Surgery, Innsbruck Medical University, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Gerhard Pierer
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Innsbruck Medical University, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Robert C Bast
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Werner Zwerschke
- Division of Cell Metabolism and Differentiation Research, Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
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31
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Lala-Tabbert N, Fu D, Wiper-Bergeron N. Induction of CCAAT/Enhancer-Binding Protein β Expression With the Phosphodiesterase Inhibitor Isobutylmethylxanthine Improves Myoblast Engraftment Into Dystrophic Muscle. Stem Cells Transl Med 2016; 5:500-10. [PMID: 26941360 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2015-0169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), caused by mutations in the dystrophin gene, is the most common muscular dystrophy. Characterized by rounds of muscle degeneration and regeneration, DMD features progressive muscle wasting and is fatal. One approach for treatment is transplantation of muscle progenitor cells to repair and restore dystrophin expression to damaged muscle. However, the success of this approach has been limited by difficulties in isolating large numbers of myogenic progenitors with strong regenerative potential, poor engraftment, poor survival of donor cells, and limited migration in the diseased muscle. We demonstrate that induction of the transcription factor CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein β (C/EBPβ) using the cyclic adenosine monophosphate phosphodiesterase inhibitor isobutylmethylxanthine (IBMX) results in enhanced myoblast expansion in culture and increased satellite cell marker expression. When equal numbers of IBMX-treated cells were transplanted into dystrophic muscle, they contributed to muscle repair more efficiently than did vehicle-treated cells and engrafted into the satellite cell niche in higher numbers, demonstrating improved cell migration from the site of injury and enhanced survival after transplantation. Thus, pharmacologic stimulation of C/EBPβ expression reprograms myoblasts to a more stem cell-like state, promotes expansion in culture, and improves engraftment such that better transplantation outcomes are achieved. SIGNIFICANCE Duchenne muscular dystrophy is a genetic disorder for which no cure exists. One therapeutic approach is transplantation of myogenic progenitors to restore dystrophin to damaged muscle, but this approach is limited by poor engraftment of cultured myoblasts. Transient upregulation of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein β in primary myoblasts using the phosphodiesterase isobutylmethylxanthine (IBMX) increases satellite cell marker expression in cultured myoblasts, improves their migration, and increases their survival after transplantation. When transplanted into C57BL/10ScSn-mdx/J mice , IBMX-treated myoblasts restored dystrophin expression and were able to occupy the satellite cell niche more efficiently than controls. A myoblast culture approach that reprograms myoblasts to a more primitive state, resulting in improved transplantation outcomes and reinvigorating research into myoblast transplantation as a viable therapeutic approach, is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neena Lala-Tabbert
- Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dechen Fu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nadine Wiper-Bergeron
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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32
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Huber R, Panterodt T, Welz B, Christmann M, Friesenhagen J, Westphal A, Pietsch D, Brand K. C/EBPβ-LAP*/LAP Expression Is Mediated by RSK/eIF4B-Dependent Signalling and Boosted by Increased Protein Stability in Models of Monocytic Differentiation. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0144338. [PMID: 26646662 PMCID: PMC4672875 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor C/EBPβ plays a key role in monocytic differentiation and inflammation. Its small isoform LIP is associated with proliferation at early premonocytic developmental stages and regulated via mTOR-dependent signalling. During later stages of (pre)monocytic differentiation there is a considerable increase in the large C/EBPβ isoforms LAP*/LAP which inhibit proliferation thus supporting terminal differentiation. Here, we showed in different models of monocytic differentiation that this dramatic increase in the LAP*/LAP protein and LAP/LIP ratio was accompanied by an only modest/retarded mRNA increase suggesting an important role for (post)translational mechanisms. We found that LAP*/LAP formation was induced via MEK/RSK-dependent cascades, whereas mTOR/S6K1 were not involved. Remarkably, LAP*/LAP expression was dependent on phosphorylated eIF4B, an acceleratory protein of RNA helicase eIF4A. PKR inhibition reduced the expression of eIF4B and C/EBPβ in an eIF2α-independent manner. Furthermore, under our conditions a marked stabilisation of LAP*/LAP protein occurred, accompanied by reduced chymotrypsin-like proteasome/calpain activities and increased calpastatin levels. Our study elucidates new signalling pathways inducing LAP*/LAP expression and indicates new alternative PKR functions in monocytes. The switch from mTOR- to RSK-mediated signalling to orchestrate eIF4B-dependent LAP*/LAP translation, accompanied by increased protein stability but only small mRNA changes, may be a prototypical example for the regulation of protein expression during selected processes of differentiation/proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- René Huber
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas Panterodt
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Bastian Welz
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Martin Christmann
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Judith Friesenhagen
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Andreas Westphal
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Daniel Pietsch
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Korbinian Brand
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- * E-mail:
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33
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Lin JC. Impacts of Alternative Splicing Events on the Differentiation of Adipocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:22169-89. [PMID: 26389882 PMCID: PMC4613302 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160922169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Revised: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alternative splicing was found to be a common phenomenon after the advent of whole transcriptome analyses or next generation sequencing. Over 90% of human genes were demonstrated to undergo at least one alternative splicing event. Alternative splicing is an effective mechanism to spatiotemporally expand protein diversity, which influences the cell fate and tissue development. The first focus of this review is to highlight recent studies, which demonstrated effects of alternative splicing on the differentiation of adipocytes. Moreover, use of evolving high-throughput approaches, such as transcriptome analyses (RNA sequencing), to profile adipogenic transcriptomes, is also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Chun Lin
- School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
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34
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Zwierzina ME, Ejaz A, Bitsche M, Blumer MJF, Mitterberger MC, Mattesich M, Amann A, Kaiser A, Pechriggl EJ, Hörl S, Rostek U, Pierer G, Fritsch H, Zwerschke W. Characterization of DLK1(PREF1)+/CD34+ cells in vascular stroma of human white adipose tissue. Stem Cell Res 2015; 15:403-18. [PMID: 26342195 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2015.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Revised: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Sorting of native (unpermeabilized) SVF-cells from human subcutaneous (s)WAT for cell surface staining (cs) of DLK1 and CD34 identified three main populations: ~10% stained cs-DLK1+/cs-CD34-, ~20% cs-DLK1+/cs-CD34+dim and ~45% cs-DLK1-/cs-CD34+. FACS analysis after permeabilization showed that all these cells stained positive for intracellular DLK1, while CD34 was undetectable in cs-DLK1+/cs-CD34- cells. Permeabilized cs-DLK1-/cs-CD34+ cells were positive for the pericyte marker α-SMA and the mesenchymal markers CD90 and CD105, albeit CD105 staining was dim (cs-DLK1-/cs-CD34+/CD90+/CD105+dim/α-SMA+/CD45-/CD31-). Only these cells showed proliferative and adipogenic capacity. Cs-DLK1+/cs-CD34- and cs-DLK1+/cs-CD34+dim cells were also α-SMA+ but expressed CD31, had a mixed hematopoietic and mesenchymal phenotype, and could neither proliferate nor differentiate into adipocytes. Histological analysis of sWAT detected DLK1+/CD34+ and DLK1+/CD90+ cells mainly in the outer ring of vessel-associated stroma and at capillaries. DLK1+/α-SMA+ cells were localized in the CD34- perivascular ring and in adventitial vascular stroma. All these DLK1+ cells possess a spindle-shaped morphology with extremely long processes. DLK1+/CD34+ cells were also detected in vessel endothelium. Additionally, we show that sWAT contains significantly more DLK1+ cells than visceral (v)WAT. We conclude that sWAT has more DKL1+ cells than vWAT and contains different DLK1/CD34 populations, and only cs-DLK1-/cs-CD34+/CD90+/CD105+dim/α-SMA+/CD45-/CD31- cells in the adventitial vascular stroma exhibit proliferative and adipogenic capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marit E Zwierzina
- Division for Clinical and Functional Anatomy, Department for Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Asim Ejaz
- Cell Metabolism and Differentiation Research Group, Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Mario Bitsche
- Division for Clinical and Functional Anatomy, Department for Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Michael J F Blumer
- Division for Clinical and Functional Anatomy, Department for Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Maria C Mitterberger
- Cell Metabolism and Differentiation Research Group, Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Monika Mattesich
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Arno Amann
- Department of Internal Medicine V, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Andreas Kaiser
- Cell Metabolism and Differentiation Research Group, Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Elisabeth J Pechriggl
- Division for Clinical and Functional Anatomy, Department for Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Susanne Hörl
- Cell Metabolism and Differentiation Research Group, Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ursula Rostek
- Cell Metabolism and Differentiation Research Group, Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Gerhard Pierer
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Helga Fritsch
- Division for Clinical and Functional Anatomy, Department for Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Werner Zwerschke
- Cell Metabolism and Differentiation Research Group, Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck, Austria.
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35
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Pulido-Salgado M, Vidal-Taboada JM, Saura J. C/EBPβ and C/EBPδ transcription factors: Basic biology and roles in the CNS. Prog Neurobiol 2015; 132:1-33. [PMID: 26143335 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2015.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Revised: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP) β and C/EBPδ are transcription factors of the basic-leucine zipper class which share phylogenetic, structural and functional features. In this review we first describe in depth their basic molecular biology which includes fascinating aspects such as the regulated use of alternative initiation codons in the C/EBPβ mRNA. The physical interactions with multiple transcription factors which greatly opens the number of potentially regulated genes or the presence of at least five different types of post-translational modifications are also remarkable molecular mechanisms that modulate C/EBPβ and C/EBPδ function. In the second part, we review the present knowledge on the localization, expression changes and physiological roles of C/EBPβ and C/EBPδ in neurons, astrocytes and microglia. We conclude that C/EBPβ and C/EBPδ share two unique features related to their role in the CNS: whereas in neurons they participate in memory formation and synaptic plasticity, in glial cells they regulate the pro-inflammatory program. Because of their role in neuroinflammation, C/EBPβ and C/EBPδ in microglia are potential targets for treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. Any strategy to reduce C/EBPβ and C/EBPδ activity in neuroinflammation needs to take into account its potential side-effects in neurons. Therefore, cell-specific treatments will be required for the successful application of this strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Pulido-Salgado
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Casanova 143, planta 3, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jose M Vidal-Taboada
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Casanova 143, planta 3, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Saura
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Casanova 143, planta 3, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.
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36
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Fu D, Lala-Tabbert N, Lee H, Wiper-Bergeron N. Mdm2 promotes myogenesis through the ubiquitination and degradation of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein β. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:10200-7. [PMID: 25720496 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.638577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Myogenesis is a tightly regulated differentiation process during which precursor cells express in a coordinated fashion the myogenic regulatory factors, while down-regulating the satellite cell marker Pax7. CCAAT/Enhancer-binding protein β (C/EBPβ) is also expressed in satellite cells and acts to maintain the undifferentiated state by stimulating Pax7 expression and by triggering a decrease in MyoD protein expression. Herein, we show that C/EBPβ protein is rapidly down-regulated upon induction of myogenesis and this is not due to changes in Cebpb mRNA expression. Rather, loss of C/EBPβ protein is accompanied by an increase in Mdm2 expression, an E3 ubiquitin ligase. We demonstrate that Mdm2 interacts with, ubiquitinates and targets C/EBPβ for degradation by the 26 S proteasome, leading to increased MyoD expression. Knockdown of Mdm2 expression in myoblasts using a shRNA resulted in high C/EBPβ levels and a blockade of myogenesis, indicating that Mdm2 is necessary for myogenic differentiation. Primary myoblasts expressing the shMdm2 construct were unable to contribute to muscle regeneration when grafted into cardiotoxin-injured muscle. The differentiation defect imposed by loss of Mdm2 could be partially rescued by loss of C/EBPβ, suggesting that the regulation of C/EBPβ turnover is a major role for Mdm2 in myoblasts. Taken together, we provide evidence that Mdm2 regulates entry into myogenesis by targeting C/EBPβ for degradation by the 26 S proteasome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dechen Fu
- From the Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and
| | - Neena Lala-Tabbert
- Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Hwabin Lee
- Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
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37
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Boucher JG, Boudreau A, Atlas E. Bisphenol A induces differentiation of human preadipocytes in the absence of glucocorticoid and is inhibited by an estrogen-receptor antagonist. Nutr Diabetes 2014; 4:e102. [PMID: 24418828 PMCID: PMC3904083 DOI: 10.1038/nutd.2013.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 12/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Obesity is a major health concern in the developed world, and increasing evidence suggests that exposures to common environmental substances may enhance the risk for the development of this disease. Objectives: The current study examines the effect of the ubiquitous plastic monomer bisphenol A (BPA) on the differentiation of primary human preadipocytes in vitro and the role of the estrogen and glucocorticoid receptors. Methods: In this study, the mechanism of BPA-induced adipogenesis in preadipocytes from donors with healthy body mass index in the absence of exogenous glucocorticoid was evaluated. The effects of estradiol, the estrogen-receptor (ER) antagonist ICI and the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) antagonist RU486 on BPA-induced adipogenesis were examined. The expression levels of key adipogenic factors were assessed. Results: Treatment of preadipocytes with 1–50 μM BPA induced a dose-dependent increase in differentiation and lipid accumulation as determined by lipid staining and triacylglyceride quantification. BPA also induced expression of the adipogenic markers aP2, adipsin, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ and the CCAAT-enhancer-binding proteins α and β. Co-treatment of cells with ICI inhibited the BPA-induced increase in aP2 levels, while treatment with ICI or estradiol alone had no effect. Treatment of cells with the GR antagonist RU486 had no effect on BPA-induced differentiation as evaluated by aP2 levels. Conclusions: This study is one of the first to show that BPA induces human adipocyte differentiation in the absence of exogenous glucocorticoid through a non-classical ER pathway rather than through GR activation. These studies add to the growing evidence that endocrine-disrupting chemicals such as BPA have the potential to modulate adipogenesis and impact human biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- J G Boucher
- In Vitro Molecular Toxicology Laboratory, Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - A Boudreau
- In Vitro Molecular Toxicology Laboratory, Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - E Atlas
- In Vitro Molecular Toxicology Laboratory, Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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