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Dumitru A, Matei E, Cozaru GC, Chisoi A, Alexandrescu L, Popescu RC, Butcaru MP, Dumitru E, Rugină S, Tocia C. Endotoxin Inflammatory Action on Cells by Dysregulated-Immunological-Barrier-Linked ROS-Apoptosis Mechanisms in Gut-Liver Axis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2472. [PMID: 38473721 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Our study highlighted the immune changes by pro-inflammatory biomarkers in the gut-liver-axis-linked ROS-cell death mechanisms in chronic and acute inflammations when gut cells are exposed to endotoxins in patients with hepatic cirrhosis or steatosis. In duodenal tissue samples, gut immune barrier dysfunction was analyzed by pro-inflammatory biomarker expressions, oxidative stress, and cell death by flow cytometry methods. A significant innate and adaptative immune system reaction was observed as result of persistent endotoxin action in gut cells in chronic inflammation tissue samples recovered from hepatic cirrhosis with the A-B child stage. Instead, in patients with C child stage of HC, the endotoxin tolerance was installed in cells, characterized by T lymphocyte silent activation and increased Th1 cytokines expression. Interesting mechanisms of ROS-cell death were observed in chronic and acute inflammation samples when gut cells were exposed to endotoxins and immune changes in the gut-liver axis. Late apoptosis represents the chronic response to injury induction by the gut immune barrier dysfunction, oxidative stress, and liver-dysregulated barrier. Meanwhile, necrosis represents an acute and severe reply to endotoxin action on gut cells when the immune system reacts to pro-inflammatory Th1 and Th2 cytokines releasing, offering protection against PAMPs/DAMPs by monocytes and T lymphocyte activation. Flow cytometric analysis of pro-inflammatory biomarkers linked to oxidative stress-cell death mechanisms shown in our study recommends laboratory techniques in diagnostic fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei Dumitru
- Gastroenterology Department, "Sf. Apostol Andrei" Emergency County Hospital, 145 Tomis Blvd., 900591 Constanta, Romania
- Medicine Faculty, "Ovidius" University of Constanta, 1 Universitatii Street, 900470 Constanta, Romania
| | - Elena Matei
- Center for Research and Development of the Morphological and Genetic Studies of Malignant Pathology, "Ovidius" University of Constanta, 145 Tomis Blvd., 900591 Constanta, Romania
| | - Georgeta Camelia Cozaru
- Center for Research and Development of the Morphological and Genetic Studies of Malignant Pathology, "Ovidius" University of Constanta, 145 Tomis Blvd., 900591 Constanta, Romania
- Clinical Service of Pathology, "Sf. Apostol Andrei" Emergency County Hospital, 145 Tomis Blvd., 900591 Constanta, Romania
- Medical Sciences Academy, 1 I.C. Bratianu Street, 030167 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Anca Chisoi
- Center for Research and Development of the Morphological and Genetic Studies of Malignant Pathology, "Ovidius" University of Constanta, 145 Tomis Blvd., 900591 Constanta, Romania
- Clinical Service of Pathology, "Sf. Apostol Andrei" Emergency County Hospital, 145 Tomis Blvd., 900591 Constanta, Romania
- Medical Sciences Academy, 1 I.C. Bratianu Street, 030167 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Luana Alexandrescu
- Gastroenterology Department, "Sf. Apostol Andrei" Emergency County Hospital, 145 Tomis Blvd., 900591 Constanta, Romania
- Medicine Faculty, "Ovidius" University of Constanta, 1 Universitatii Street, 900470 Constanta, Romania
| | - Răzvan Cătălin Popescu
- Medicine Faculty, "Ovidius" University of Constanta, 1 Universitatii Street, 900470 Constanta, Romania
| | - Mihaela Pundiche Butcaru
- Medicine Faculty, "Ovidius" University of Constanta, 1 Universitatii Street, 900470 Constanta, Romania
| | - Eugen Dumitru
- Gastroenterology Department, "Sf. Apostol Andrei" Emergency County Hospital, 145 Tomis Blvd., 900591 Constanta, Romania
- Medicine Faculty, "Ovidius" University of Constanta, 1 Universitatii Street, 900470 Constanta, Romania
- Center for Research and Development of the Morphological and Genetic Studies of Malignant Pathology, "Ovidius" University of Constanta, 145 Tomis Blvd., 900591 Constanta, Romania
- Academy of Romanian Scientist, 3 Ilfov Street, 050044 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Sorin Rugină
- Medicine Faculty, "Ovidius" University of Constanta, 1 Universitatii Street, 900470 Constanta, Romania
- Academy of Romanian Scientist, 3 Ilfov Street, 050044 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cristina Tocia
- Gastroenterology Department, "Sf. Apostol Andrei" Emergency County Hospital, 145 Tomis Blvd., 900591 Constanta, Romania
- Medicine Faculty, "Ovidius" University of Constanta, 1 Universitatii Street, 900470 Constanta, Romania
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Chen HJ, Huang TX, Jiang YX, Chen X, Wang AF. Multifunctional roles of inflammation and its causative factors in primary liver cancer: A literature review. World J Hepatol 2023; 15:1258-1271. [PMID: 38223416 PMCID: PMC10784815 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v15.i12.1258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary liver cancer is a severe and complex disease, leading to 800000 global deaths annually. Emerging evidence suggests that inflammation is one of the critical factors in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Patients with viral hepatitis, alcoholic hepatitis, and steatohepatitis symptoms are at higher risk of developing HCC. However, not all inflammatory factors have a pathogenic function in HCC development. The current study describes the process and mechanism of hepatitis development and its progression to HCC, particularly focusing on viral hepatitis, alcoholic hepatitis, and steatohepatitis. Furthermore, the roles of some essential inflammatory cytokines in HCC progression are described in addition to a summary of future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Jin Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Translational Medicine Research Center, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Ting-Xiong Huang
- School of Clinical Medical, Translational Medicine Research Center, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Yu-Xi Jiang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiong Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
- Department of Endocrinology, The People's Hospital of Yuhuan, The Yuhuan Branch of The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Yuhuan 317600, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ai-Fang Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The People's Hospital of Yuhuan, The Yuhuan Branch of The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Yuhuan 317600, Zhejiang Province, China.
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Lin D, Mei Y, Lei L, Binte Hanafi Z, Jin Z, Liu Y, Song Y, Zhang Y, Hu B, Liu C, Lu J, Liu H. Immune suppressive function of IL-1α release in the tumor microenvironment regulated by calpain 1. Oncoimmunology 2022; 11:2088467. [PMID: 35756844 PMCID: PMC9225674 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2022.2088467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-1α (IL-1α) plays an important role in inflammation and hematopoiesis. Many tumors have increased IL-1α expression. However, the immune regulatory role of secreted IL-1α in tumor development and whether it can be targeted for cancer therapy are still unclear. Here, we found that tumoral-secreted IL-1α significantly promoted hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development in vivo. Tumoral-released IL-1α were found to inhibit T and NK cell activation, and the killing capacity of CD8+ T cells. Moreover, MDSCs were dramatically increased by tumoral-released IL-1α in both spleens and tumors. Indeed, higher tumoral IL-1α expression is associated with increased tumoral infiltration of MDSCs in HCC patients. Further studies showed that tumoral-released IL-1α promoted MDSC recruitment to the tumor microenvironment through a CXCR2-dependent mechanism. Depletion of MDSCs could diminish the tumor-promoting effect of tumoral-released IL-1α. On the contrary, systemic administration of recombinant IL-1α protein significantly inhibited tumor development by activating T cells. In fact, IL-1α protein could promote T cell activation and enhance the cytotoxicity of CD8+ T cells in vitro. Thus, our study demonstrated that tumoral-released IL-1α promoted tumor development through recruiting MDSCs to inhibit T cell activation, while systemic IL-1α directly promoted anti-tumor T cell responses. We further identified calpain 1 as the major intracellular protease mediating tumoral IL-1α secretion. Calpain 1 KO tumors had diminished IL-1α release and reduced tumor development. Thus, our findings provide new insights into the functions of secreted IL-1α in tumor immunity and its implications for immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Lin
- Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yu Mei
- Immunology Translational Research Programme, Department of Microbiology of Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lei Lei
- Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, P. R. China
| | - Zuhairah Binte Hanafi
- Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, P. R. China.,Immunology Translational Research Programme, Department of Microbiology of Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ziqi Jin
- Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yonghao Liu
- Immunology Translational Research Programme, Department of Microbiology of Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yuan Song
- Immunology Translational Research Programme, Department of Microbiology of Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yinsheng Zhang
- Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, P. R. China
| | - Bo Hu
- Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, P. R. China
| | - Chunliang Liu
- Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, P. R. China
| | - Jinhua Lu
- Immunology Translational Research Programme, Department of Microbiology of Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Haiyan Liu
- Immunology Translational Research Programme, Department of Microbiology of Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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Yan J, Zhao Z, Xia M, Chen S, Wan X, He A, Daniel Sheng G, Wang X, Qian Q, Wang H. Induction of lipid metabolism dysfunction, oxidative stress and inflammation response by tris(1-chloro-2-propyl)phosphate in larval/adult zebrafish. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 160:107081. [PMID: 35021149 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
As an important organophosphate flame retardant, tris(1-chloro-2-propyl)phosphate (TCPP) is ubiquitous in the environment leading to inevitable human exposure. However, there is a paucity of information regarding its acute/chronic effects on obesity, lipid homeostasis, and hepatocellular carcinoma, especially regarding the underlying molecular mechanisms in humans. Herein, we investigated the effects of TCPP exposure (5-25 mg/L) on lipid homeostasis in larval and adult zebrafish (Danio rerio). TCPP exposure caused remarkable lipid-metabolism dysfunction, which was reflected in obesity and excessive lipid accumulation in zebrafish liver. Mechanistically, TCPP induced the over-expression of adipogenesis genes and suppressed the expression of fatty-acid β-oxidation genes. Consequently, excess lipid synthesis and deficient expenditure triggered oxidative damage and an inflammation response by disrupting the antioxidant system and over-expressing proinflammatory cytokine. Based on high-throughput transcriptome sequencing, we found that TCPP exposure led to enrichment of several pathways involved in lipid metabolism and inflammation, as well as several genes related to pathways of cancer. Notably, increasing expressions of Ki-67 and 53BP1 proteins, which are reliable biomarkers for recognition and risk prediction of cellular proliferation in cancer cells, were observed in liver tissues of adult zebrafish. These results imply that chronic TCPP exposure triggers a potential risk of hepatocellular carcinogenesis (HCC) progression. Collectively, these findings offer new insights into our mechanistic understanding for the health effects of organophosphorus flame retardants on humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Yan
- Suzhou University of Science and Technology, National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Municipal Sewage Resource Utilization Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Zijia Zhao
- Suzhou University of Science and Technology, National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Municipal Sewage Resource Utilization Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Min Xia
- Suzhou University of Science and Technology, National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Municipal Sewage Resource Utilization Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Shuya Chen
- Suzhou University of Science and Technology, National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Municipal Sewage Resource Utilization Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Xiancheng Wan
- Suzhou University of Science and Technology, National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Municipal Sewage Resource Utilization Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Anfei He
- Suzhou University of Science and Technology, National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Municipal Sewage Resource Utilization Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Guangyao Daniel Sheng
- Suzhou University of Science and Technology, National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Municipal Sewage Resource Utilization Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Xuedong Wang
- Suzhou University of Science and Technology, National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Municipal Sewage Resource Utilization Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Qiuhui Qian
- Suzhou University of Science and Technology, National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Municipal Sewage Resource Utilization Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Huili Wang
- Suzhou University of Science and Technology, National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Municipal Sewage Resource Utilization Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou 215009, China.
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Ehlting C, Wolf SD, Bode JG. Acute-phase protein synthesis: a key feature of innate immune functions of the liver. Biol Chem 2021; 402:1129-1145. [PMID: 34323429 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2021-0209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The expression of acute-phase proteins (APP's) maintains homeostasis and tissue repair, but also represents a central component of the organism's defense strategy, especially in the context of innate immunity. Accordingly, an inflammatory response is accompanied by significant changes in the serum protein composition, an aspect that is also used diagnostically. As the main site of APP synthesis the liver is constantly exposed to antigens or pathogens via blood flow, but also to systemic inflammatory signals originating either from the splanchnic area or from the circulation. Under both homeostatic and acute-phase response (APR) conditions the composition of APP's is determined by the pattern of regulatory mediators derived from the systemic circulation or from local cell populations, especially liver macrophages. The key regulators mentioned here most frequently are IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α. In addition to a variety of molecular mediators described mainly on the basis of in vitro studies, recent data emphasize the in vivo relevance of cellular key effectors as well as molecular key mediators and protein modifications for the regulation and function of APP's. These are aspects, on which the present review is primarily focused.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Ehlting
- Clinic for Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital of the Heinrich-Heine-University, Moorenstrasse 5, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Stephanie D Wolf
- Clinic for Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital of the Heinrich-Heine-University, Moorenstrasse 5, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Johannes G Bode
- Clinic for Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital of the Heinrich-Heine-University, Moorenstrasse 5, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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Lin L, Zhou M, Que R, Chen Y, Liu X, Zhang K, Shi Z, Li Y. Saikosaponin-d protects against liver fibrosis by regulating Estrogen receptor-β/NLRP3 inflammasome pathway. Biochem Cell Biol 2021; 99:666-674. [PMID: 33974808 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2020-0561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is the ultimate common pathway in most types of chronic liver damage characterized by imbalance of extracellular matrix degradation and synthesis. Saikosaponin-d (SSd) possesses anti-inflammatory and anti-liver fibrosis effects. However, the underlying mechanism of SSd in repressing hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) activation remains unclear. Here we found that SSd alleviated remarkably carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver fibrosis, as evidenced by decreased collagen level and profibrotic markers (COl1a1 and α-smooth muscle actin (SMA)) expression. SSd repressed CCl4-induced NOD-like receptor family pyrin-domain-containng-3 (NLRP3) activation in fibrotic livers, as suggested by decreased level of NLRP3, IL-18, and IL-β. The primary HSCs of CCl4 mice exhibited a significant increase in profibrotic markers expression and NLRP3 activation, but SSd treatment reversed the effect. SSd also repressed TGF-β-induced profibrotic markers expression and NLRP3 activation in vitro. Mechanistically, TGF-β decreased the expression of Estrogen receptor-β (ERβ) in HSCs, whereas SSd treatment reversed the effect. ERβ inhibition enhanced NLRP3 activation in HSCs. More important, ERβ or NLRP3 inhibition destroyed partially the function of SSd on anti-liver fibrosis. In summary, the current data suggest that SSd prevents hepatic fibrosis through regulating ERβ/NLRP3 inflammasome pathway, and suggest SSd as a potential agent for treating liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liubing Lin
- Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Gastroenterology, Shanghai, China;
| | - Mengen Zhou
- Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Gastroenterology, Shanghai, China;
| | - Renye Que
- Shanghai TCM Integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Gastroenterology, Shanghai, China;
| | - Yirong Chen
- Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Gastroenterology, Shanghai, China;
| | - Xiaolin Liu
- Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Gastroenterology, Shanghai, China;
| | - Kehui Zhang
- Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Gastroenterology, Shanghai, China;
| | - Zhe Shi
- Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Gastroenterology, Shanghai, China;
| | - Yong Li
- Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Gastroenterology, 274 Middle Zhijiang Road, Jing 'an District, Shanghai, Shanghai, China, 200071;
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Ko C, Lo YM, Xu J, Chang W, Huang D, Wu JS, Yang C, Huang W, Shen S. Alpha-lipoic acid alleviates NAFLD and triglyceride accumulation in liver via modulating hepatic NLRP3 inflammasome activation pathway in type 2 diabetic rats. Food Sci Nutr 2021; 9:2733-2742. [PMID: 34026086 PMCID: PMC8116866 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The occurrence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The activation of nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich-containing family, pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome in the liver may lead to hepatic fat accumulation. Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) has been reported to improve IR in a T2DM rodent model. We investigated the effects of ALA on NLRP3 inflammasome activation and fat accumulation in the liver of a high-fat diet (HFD) plus streptozotocin (STZ)-induced T2DM rats. The HFD/STZ-induced T2DM rats were orally administered ALA (50, 100, or 200 mg/kg BW) once a day for 13 weeks. The results showed that the liver triglyceride contents of T2DM rats were 11.35 ± 1.84%, whereas the administration of 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg BW ALA significantly reduced the liver triglyceride contents of T2DM rats to 4.14 ± 0.59%, 4.02 ± 0.41%, and 3.01 ± 1.07%, respectively. Moreover, 200 mg/kg BW ALA significantly decreased the hepatic levels of NLRP3 inflammasome activation-related proteins NLRP3, caspase-1, and interleukin-1β expression by 40.0%, 60.1%, and 24.5%, respectively, in T2DM rats. Furthermore, the expression levels of hepatic fat synthesis-related proteins decreased, namely a 45.4% decrease in sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c, whereas the expression of hepatic lipid oxidation-related proteins increased, including a 27.5% increase in carnitine palmitoyltransferase, in T2DM rats after 200 mg/kg BW ALA treatment. We concluded that ALA treatment may suppress hepatic NLRP3 inflammasome activation, consequently alleviating NAFLD and excess hepatic lipid accumulation in HFD/STZ-induced T2DM rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih‐Yuan Ko
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care MedicineThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical UniversityQuanzhouChina
- Department of Clinical NutritionThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical UniversityQuanzhouChina
- School of Public HealthFujian Medical UniversityFuzhouChina
- Respiratory Medicine Center of Fujian ProvinceQuanzhouChina
| | | | - Jian‐Hua Xu
- Department of Tumor SurgeryThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical UniversityQuanzhouChina
| | - Wen‐Chang Chang
- Department of Food ScienceNational Chiayi UniversityChiayi CityTaiwan
| | - Da‐Wei Huang
- Department of Biotechnology and Food TechnologySouthern Taiwan University of Science and TechnologyTainan CityTaiwan
| | - James Swi‐Bea Wu
- Graduate Institute of Food Science and TechnologyNational Taiwan UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Cho‐Hua Yang
- Graduate Program of Nutrition ScienceNational Taiwan Normal UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Wen‐Chung Huang
- Graduate Institute of Health Industry TechnologyChang Gung University of Science and TechnologyTaoyuanTaiwan
| | - Szu‐Chuan Shen
- Graduate Program of Nutrition ScienceNational Taiwan Normal UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
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4-Acetylantroquinonol B ameliorates nonalcoholic steatohepatitis by suppression of ER stress and NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 138:111504. [PMID: 33773468 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an inflammatory lipotoxic disorder with a prevalence of over 25% worldwide. However, safe and effective therapeutic agents for the management of NAFLD are still lacking. We aimed to investigate the hepatoprotective effect and molecular mechanism of 4-acetylantroquinonol B (4-AAQB), a natural ubiquinone derivative obtained from the mycelia of Antrodia cinnamomea. METHODS RAW264.7 and J774A.1 cells were treated with 4-AAQB and then stimulated with LPS or tunicamycin (TM) for 24 h. Inflammatory responses, markers of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome were analyzed in both cell lines. In the applied in vivo model, male C57BL/6J mice were fed with chow or a methionine/choline-deficient (MCD) diet along with vehicle or 4-AAQB (10 mg/kg, i.p. injected, once a day) for 10 consecutive days. Plasma levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were measured. Liver tissues were analyzed using histological techniques; protein levels involved in ER stress, NLRP3 inflammasome, and inflammatory responses were measured. RESULTS 4-AAQB significantly ameliorated the plasma levels of ALT and AST as well as the NAFLD activity score (NAS) in mice fed the MCD diet. In addition, 4-AAQB suppressed inflammatory responses, ER stress, and NLRP3 inflammasome activation, but increased the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) signaling pathways in both in vitro and in vivo models. CONCLUSIONS We suggest that 4-AAQB treatment might be a tangible therapeutic strategy in the management of NAFLD/NASH.
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Yin XZ, Chi WM, Zhang L, Su YQ, Zhang ZY, Xue CB. Protective effects of Dendrobium candidum Wall ex Lindl. on high-fat diet-induced liver damage in mice. J Food Biochem 2021; 45:e13687. [PMID: 33665859 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
D. candidum Wall. ex Lindl. (D. candidum) is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine with multiple therapeutic properties. D. candidum was administered to mice with high-fat diet (HFD)-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and its mechanism of action was elucidated. D. candidum was intragastrically administered to HFD mice for 6 weeks at a dosage of 200 or 400 mg/kg. D. candidum reduced body weight gain and blood glucose levels in HFD mice in a dose-dependent manner, while significantly reducing lipid accumulation in the liver. D. candidum significantly regulated the expression of lipid metabolism- and gluconeogenesis-related genes and inhibited activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. In summary, D. candidum significantly inhibits fat accumulation, maintains lipid metabolism and glucose homeostasis, and inhibits the inflammatory response in the liver of HFD mice. Our findings suggest that D. candidum may be an effective therapeutic strategy against NAFLD injury. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: The occurrence and development of fatty liver is closely related to abnormalities in lipid and glucose metabolism. An HFD-induced NAFLD mouse model was used to study the effects of D. candidum. After treatment with D. candidum, lipid and glucose metabolism in the mice was effectively regulated, which reduced liver damage and fat storage with obvious protective effects on the liver. Our results suggest that D. candidum has potential for further clinical application in the treatment of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiong-Zhang Yin
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei-Ming Chi
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third People's Hospital of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First People's Hospital of Xiantao, Xiantao, China
| | - Yan-Qi Su
- Department of Pharmacy, Wuhan Caidian District People's Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhong-Yuan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Tianyou Hospital Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Cheng-Bin Xue
- Department of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Hospital, Wuhan, China
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10
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Lou PH, Lucchinetti E, Wawrzyniak P, Morsy Y, Wawrzyniak M, Scharl M, Krämer SD, Rogler G, Hersberger M, Zaugg M. Choice of Lipid Emulsion Determines Inflammation of the Gut-Liver Axis, Incretin Profile, and Insulin Signaling in a Murine Model of Total Parenteral Nutrition. Mol Nutr Food Res 2021; 65:e2000412. [PMID: 32729969 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202000412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE The aim of this study is to test whether the choice of the lipid emulsion in total parenteral nutrition (TPN), that is, n-3 fatty acid-based Omegaven versus n-6 fatty acid-based Intralipid, determines inflammation in the liver, the incretin profile, and insulin resistance. METHODS AND RESULTS Jugular vein catheters (JVC) are placed in C57BL/6 mice and used for TPN for 7 days. Mice are randomized into a saline group (saline infusion with oral chow), an Intralipid group (IL-TPN, no chow), an Omegaven group (OV-TPN, no chow), or a chow only group (without JVC). Both TPN elicite higher abundance of lipopolysaccharide binding protein in the liver, but only IL-TPN increases interleukin-6 and interferon-γ, while OV-TPN reduces interleukin-4, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and interleukin-1α. Insulin plasma concentrations are higher in both TPN, while glucagon and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) were higher in IL-TPN. Gluconeogenesis is increased in IL-TPN and the nuclear profile of key metabolic transcription factors shows a liver-protective phenotype in OV-TPN. OV-TPN increases insulin sensitivity in the liver and skeletal muscle. CONCLUSION OV-TPN as opposed to IL-TPN mitigates inflammation in the liver and reduces the negative metabolic effects of hyperinsulinemia and hyperglucagonemia by "re-sensitizing" the liver and skeletal muscle to insulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phing-How Lou
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Eliana Lucchinetti
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Paulina Wawrzyniak
- Division of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, 8032, Switzerland
| | - Yasser Morsy
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, 8091, Switzerland
| | - Marcin Wawrzyniak
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, 8091, Switzerland
| | - Michael Scharl
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, 8091, Switzerland
| | - Stefanie D Krämer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - Gerhard Rogler
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, 8091, Switzerland
| | - Martin Hersberger
- Division of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, 8032, Switzerland
- Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, 8057, Switzerland
| | - Michael Zaugg
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2R3, Canada
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6G 2R3, Canada
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11
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Yen IC, Lin JC, Chen Y, Tu QW, Lee SY. Antrodia Cinnamomea Attenuates Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis by Suppressing NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation In Vitro and In Vivo. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2020; 48:1859-1874. [PMID: 33308101 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x20500937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Blockade of the NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome has been shown to be effective in halting the progression of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Antrodia cinnamomea is a well-known indigenous medicine used by Taiwanese aboriginal tribes. However, its effect on NASH remains unclear. This study aimed to examine the mechanistic insight of Antrodia cinnamomea extract (ACE) in both in vitro and in vivo models of NASH. Murine RAW264.7 macrophages and human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells were treated with the indicated concentration of ACE 30 minutes prior to stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for 24 h. Levels of inflammatory markers, NLRP3 inflammasome, components, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress markers were analyzed by Western blotting. For the in vivo experiments, male C57BL/6 mice weighing 21-25 g were fed a methionine/choline deficient (MCD) diet along with vehicle or ACE (100 mg/kg) for 10 consecutive days. The serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT) levels of the mice were measured. The liver tissues from the mice underwent histological analysis (hematoxylin and eosin staining), and the levels of inflammatory markers, NLRP3 inflammasome components, and autophagy-related proteins were evaluated. ACE significantly inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome activation in vitro and in vivo. In addition, ACE attenuated the severity of MCD-induced steatohepatitis, reduced the levels of oxidative stress markers, and ameliorated inflammatory responses, but restored autophagic flux. Based on these findings, Antrodia cinnamomea could be developed into an anti-non-alcoholic fatty liver disease/NASH agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Chuan Yen
- School of Pharmacy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Jung-Chun Lin
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yu Chen
- Graduate Institute of Aerospace and Undersea Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Qian-Wen Tu
- Graduate Institute of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Shih-Yu Lee
- Graduate Institute of Aerospace and Undersea Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
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12
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Wen B, Zhang C, Zhou J, Zhang Z, Che Q, Cao H, Bai Y, Guo J, Su Z. Targeted treatment of alcoholic liver disease based on inflammatory signalling pathways. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 222:107752. [PMID: 33253739 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Targeted therapy is an emerging treatment strategy for alcoholic liver disease (ALD). Inflammation plays an important role in the occurrence and development of ALD, and is a key choice for its targeted treatment, and anti-inflammatory treatment has been considered beneficial for liver disease. Surprisingly, immune checkpoint inhibitors have become important therapeutic agents for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Moreover, studies have shown that the combination of inflammatory molecule inhibitors and immune checkpoint inhibitors can exert better effects than either alone in mouse models of HCC. This review discusses the mechanism of hepatic ethanol metabolism and the conditions under which inflammation occurs. In addition, we focus on the potential molecular targets in inflammatory signalling pathways and summarize the potential targeted inhibitors and immune checkpoint inhibitors, providing a theoretical basis for the targeted treatment of ALD and the development of new combination therapy strategies for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingjian Wen
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Natural Products and New Drugs, Guangdong Provincial University Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Products and Drugs, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Centre of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Chengcheng Zhang
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Natural Products and New Drugs, Guangdong Provincial University Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Products and Drugs, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Centre of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jingwen Zhou
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Natural Products and New Drugs, Guangdong Provincial University Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Products and Drugs, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Centre of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhengyan Zhang
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Natural Products and New Drugs, Guangdong Provincial University Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Products and Drugs, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Centre of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Qishi Che
- Guangzhou Rainhome Pharm & Tech Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510663, China
| | - Hua Cao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan 528458, China
| | - Yan Bai
- School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510310, China
| | - Jiao Guo
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Centre of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Zhengquan Su
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Natural Products and New Drugs, Guangdong Provincial University Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Products and Drugs, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Centre of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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13
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He Y, Hwang S, Ahmed YA, Feng D, Li N, Ribeiro M, Lafdil F, Kisseleva T, Szabo G, Gao B. Immunopathobiology and therapeutic targets related to cytokines in liver diseases. Cell Mol Immunol 2020; 18:18-37. [PMID: 33203939 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-020-00580-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic liver injury with any etiology can progress to fibrosis and the end-stage diseases cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The progression of liver disease is controlled by a variety of factors, including liver injury, inflammatory cells, inflammatory mediators, cytokines, and the gut microbiome. In the current review, we discuss recent data on a large number of cytokines that play important roles in regulating liver injury, inflammation, fibrosis, and regeneration, with a focus on interferons and T helper (Th) 1, Th2, Th9, Th17, interleukin (IL)-1 family, IL-6 family, and IL-20 family cytokines. Hepatocytes can also produce certain cytokines (such as IL-7, IL-11, and IL-33), and the functions of these cytokines in the liver are briefly summarized. Several cytokines have great therapeutic potential, and some are currently being tested as therapeutic targets in clinical trials for the treatment of liver diseases, which are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong He
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Seonghwan Hwang
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Yeni Ait Ahmed
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.,Université Paris-Est, UMR-S955, UPEC, F-94000, Créteil, France
| | - Dechun Feng
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Na Li
- Department of Medicine and Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Marcelle Ribeiro
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Fouad Lafdil
- Université Paris-Est, UMR-S955, UPEC, F-94000, Créteil, France.,INSERM, U955, F-94000, Créteil, France.,Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Paris, F-75231, Cedex 05, France
| | - Tatiana Kisseleva
- Department of Medicine and Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Gyongyi Szabo
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bin Gao
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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14
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Brocker CN, Kim D, Melia T, Karri K, Velenosi TJ, Takahashi S, Aibara D, Bonzo JA, Levi M, Waxman DJ, Gonzalez FJ. Long non-coding RNA Gm15441 attenuates hepatic inflammasome activation in response to PPARA agonism and fasting. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5847. [PMID: 33203882 PMCID: PMC7673042 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19554-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Exploring the molecular mechanisms that prevent inflammation during caloric restriction may yield promising therapeutic targets. During fasting, activation of the nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) promotes the utilization of lipids as an energy source. Herein, we show that ligand activation of PPARα directly upregulates the long non-coding RNA gene Gm15441 through PPARα binding sites within its promoter. Gm15441 expression suppresses its antisense transcript, encoding thioredoxin interacting protein (TXNIP). This, in turn, decreases TXNIP-stimulated NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation, caspase-1 (CASP1) cleavage, and proinflammatory interleukin 1β (IL1B) maturation. Gm15441-null mice were developed and shown to be more susceptible to NLRP3 inflammasome activation and to exhibit elevated CASP1 and IL1B cleavage in response to PPARα agonism and fasting. These findings provide evidence for a mechanism by which PPARα attenuates hepatic inflammasome activation in response to metabolic stress through induction of lncRNA Gm15441.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad N Brocker
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Donghwan Kim
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Tisha Melia
- Department of Biology and Bioinformatics Program, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Kritika Karri
- Department of Biology and Bioinformatics Program, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Thomas J Velenosi
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Shogo Takahashi
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
- Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | - Daisuke Aibara
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Jessica A Bonzo
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Moshe Levi
- Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | - David J Waxman
- Department of Biology and Bioinformatics Program, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Frank J Gonzalez
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA.
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15
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Lyu H, Wang H, Li L, Zhu J, Chen F, Chen Y, Liu C, Fu J, Yang B, Zhang Q, Xu Y, Pi J. Hepatocyte-specific deficiency of Nrf2 exacerbates carbon tetrachloride-induced liver fibrosis via aggravated hepatocyte injury and subsequent inflammatory and fibrogenic responses. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 150:136-147. [PMID: 32112813 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver fibrosis, in which hepatocyte damage and inflammatory response play critical roles, is a physiological response to chronic or iterative liver injury and can progress to cirrhosis over time. Nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a master transcription factor that regulates oxidative and xenobiotic stress responses as well as inflammation. METHOD To ascertain the cell-specific roles of Nrf2 in hepatocytes and myeloid lineage cells in the progression of liver fibrosis, mice lacking Nrf2 specifically in hepatocytes [Nrf2(L)-KO] and myeloid lineage cells [Nrf2(M)-KO] were generated to evaluate carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver injury, subsequent inflammation and fibrosis. In addition, mouse primary hepatocytes were used to investigate the underlying mechanisms. RESULTS Nrf2-mediated antioxidant response in the liver is responsive to acute CCl4 exposure in mice. With repeated CCl4 administration, Nrf2(L)-KO, but not Nrf2(M)-KO, mice showed more severe liver fibrosis than Nrf2-LoxP control mice. In addition, in response to acute CCl4 exposure, Nrf2(L)-KO mice displayed aggravated liver injury, elevated lipid peroxidation and inflammatory response compared to control mice. In mouse primary hepatocytes, deficiency of Nrf2 resulted in more severe CCl4-induced lipid oxidation and inflammatory response. CONCLUSION Deficiency of Nrf2 in hepatocytes sensitizes the cells to CCl4-induced oxidative damage and inflammatory response, which are initiator and enhancer of subsequent hepatic inflammation and fibrosis. Thus, Nrf2 is a critical determinant of liver injury and fibrosis in response to CCl4, suggesting that Nrf2 might be a valuable target for the intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Lyu
- School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Huihui Wang
- School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Lu Li
- School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Jiayu Zhu
- School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, No. 16766 Jingshi Road, Lixia Area, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Yannan Chen
- School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Cuijie Liu
- School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Jingqi Fu
- School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Bei Yang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Yuanyuan Xu
- School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, China.
| | - Jingbo Pi
- School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, China.
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16
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Wu JS, Liu Q, Fang SH, Liu X, Zheng M, Wang TM, Zhang H, Liu P, Zhou H, Ma YM. Quantitative Proteomics Reveals the Protective Effects of Huangqi Decoction Against Acute Cholestatic Liver Injury by Inhibiting the NF-κB/IL-6/STAT3 Signaling Pathway. J Proteome Res 2019; 19:677-687. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.9b00563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Qian Liu
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and CAS Key Laboratory for Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Number 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shan-Hua Fang
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and CAS Key Laboratory for Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xing Liu
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and CAS Key Laboratory for Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | | | | | - Hua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ping Liu
- Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Hu Zhou
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and CAS Key Laboratory for Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Number 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
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17
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de Menezes MN, Salles ÉM, Vieira F, Amaral EP, Zuzarte-Luís V, Cassado A, Epiphanio S, Alvarez JM, Alves-Filho JC, Mota MM, D'Império-Lima MR. IL-1α promotes liver inflammation and necrosis during blood-stage Plasmodium chabaudi malaria. Sci Rep 2019; 9:7575. [PMID: 31110285 PMCID: PMC6527574 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-44125-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaria causes hepatic inflammation and damage, which contribute to disease severity. The pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-1α is released by non-hematopoietic or hematopoietic cells during liver injury. This study established the role of IL-1α in the liver pathology caused by blood-stage P. chabaudi malaria. During acute infection, hepatic inflammation and necrosis were accompanied by NLRP3 inflammasome-independent IL-1α production. Systemically, IL-1α deficiency attenuated weight loss and hypothermia but had minor effects on parasitemia control. In the liver, the absence of IL-1α reduced the number of TUNEL+ cells and necrotic lesions. This finding was associated with a lower inflammatory response, including TNF-α production. The main source of IL-1α in the liver of infected mice was inflammatory cells, particularly neutrophils. The implication of IL-1α in liver inflammation and necrosis caused by P. chabaudi infection, as well as in weight loss and hypothermia, opens up new perspectives for improving malaria outcomes by inhibiting IL-1 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Flávia Vieira
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Vanessa Zuzarte-Luís
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Alexandra Cassado
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sabrina Epiphanio
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Maria Alvarez
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Maria Manuel Mota
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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18
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Triantafyllou E, Woollard KJ, McPhail MJW, Antoniades CG, Possamai LA. The Role of Monocytes and Macrophages in Acute and Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2948. [PMID: 30619308 PMCID: PMC6302023 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute and acute-on-chronic liver failure (ALF and ACLF), though distinct clinical entities, are considered syndromes of innate immune dysfunction. Patients with ALF and ACLF display evidence of a pro-inflammatory state with local liver inflammation, features of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and vascular endothelial dysfunction that drive progression to multi-organ failure. In an apparent paradox, these patients are concurrently immunosuppressed, exhibiting acquired immune defects that render them highly susceptible to infections. This paradigm of tissue injury succeeded by immunosuppression is seen in other inflammatory conditions such as sepsis, which share poor outcomes and infective complications that account for high morbidity and mortality. Monocyte and macrophage dysfunction are central to disease progression of ALF and ACLF. Activation of liver-resident macrophages (Kupffer cells) by pathogen and damage associated molecular patterns leads to the recruitment of innate effector cells to the injured liver. Early monocyte infiltration may contribute to local tissue destruction during the propagation phase and results in secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines that drive SIRS. In the hepatic microenvironment, recruited monocytes mature into macrophages following local reprogramming so as to promote resolution responses in a drive to maintain tissue integrity. Intra-hepatic events may affect circulating monocytes through spill over of soluble mediators and exposure to apoptotic cell debris during passage through the liver. Hence, peripheral monocytes show numerous acquired defects in acute liver failure syndromes that impair their anti-microbial programmes and contribute to enhanced susceptibility to sepsis. This review will highlight the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which monocytes and macrophages contribute to the pathophysiology of ALF and ACLF, considering both hepatic inflammation and systemic immunosuppression. We identify areas for further research and potential targets for immune-based therapies to treat these devastating conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelos Triantafyllou
- Division of Integrative Systems Medicine and Digestive Disease, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.,Division of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin J Woollard
- Division of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mark J W McPhail
- Department of Inflammation Biology, Institute of Liver Studies, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Charalambos G Antoniades
- Division of Integrative Systems Medicine and Digestive Disease, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lucia A Possamai
- Division of Integrative Systems Medicine and Digestive Disease, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.,Division of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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19
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Tawfik AK, Amin AM, Yousef M, El-Sayd NM, Elashry H, Elkadeem M, Abd-Elsalam S. IL-1α correlates with severity of hepatitis C virus-related liver diseases. J Inflamm Res 2018; 11:289-295. [PMID: 30022847 PMCID: PMC6044361 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s166564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Immunoregulatory cytokines influence the persistence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) chronic infection and the extent of liver damage. Interleukin-1 (IL-1) plays an important role in the inflammatory process. Some studies have demonstrated that IL-1α production was impaired in patients with chronic infections of HCV, implying that IL-1α may play a role in viral clearance. The aim of this study was to evaluate the serum level of proinflammatory cytokine IL-1α in patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC). METHODS This study was performed on 20 CHC patients with cirrhosis in (Group I), 20 CHC patients without cirrhosis in (Group II), 20 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients with positive anti-HCV in (Group III), and 10 healthy subjects as a control group. Serum levels of IL-1α were measured by enzyme-linked immunoassay technique. RESULTS IL-1α had the highest mean concentration in the HCC group and then in the group of CHC with cirrhosis compared to the group of CHC without cirrhosis. Also, it was higher in all studied groups than in the control group (P<0.001). Statistical analysis showed that IL-1α was positively correlated with bilirubin (P≤0.001), alanine aminotransferase (P=0.006), aspartate aminotransferase (P=0.001), and viral load (P=0.001) but it was negatively correlated with albumin (P≤0.001) and Hb (P≤0.001), and was not significantly correlated with other parameters (age, international normalized ratio, urea, creatinine, white blood cells, and platelet count). CONCLUSION Serum level of IL-1α was elevated in patients with CHC and its related liver diseases (liver cirrhosis and HCC) and can be used as an important parameter of inflammatory activity and for fibrosis evaluation in patients with chronic liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Khaled Tawfik
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt,
| | - Ahmed Mustafa Amin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Yousef
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt,
| | - Noha Mohamed El-Sayd
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt,
| | - Heba Elashry
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt,
| | - Mahmoud Elkadeem
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt,
| | - Sherief Abd-Elsalam
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt,
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20
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Jeong YH, Hur HJ, Jeon EJ, Park SJ, Hwang JT, Lee AS, Lee KW, Sung MJ. Honokiol Improves Liver Steatosis in Ovariectomized Mice. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23010194. [PMID: 29342107 PMCID: PMC6017725 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23010194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Revised: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver disease, and is associated with the development of metabolic syndrome. Postmenopausal women with estrogen deficiency are at a higher risk of progression to NAFLD. Estrogen has a protective effect against the progression of the disease. Currently, there are no safe and effective treatments for these liver diseases in postmenopausal women. Honokiol (Ho), a bioactive natural product derived from Magnolia spp, has anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenic, and anti-oxidative properties. In our study, we investigated the beneficial effects of Ho on NAFLD in ovariectomized (OVX) mice. We divided the mice into four groups, as follows: SHAM, OVX, OVX+β-estradiol (0.4 mg/kg of bodyweight), and OVX+Ho (50 mg/kg of diet). Mice were fed diets with/without Ho for 12 weeks. The bodyweight, epidermal fat, and weights of liver tissue were lower in the OVX group than in the other groups. Ho improved hepatic steatosis and reduced proinflammatory cytokine levels. Moreover, Ho markedly downregulated plasma lipid levels. Our results indicate that Ho ameliorated OVX-induced fatty liver and inflammation, as well as associated lipid metabolism. These findings suggest that Ho may be hepatoprotective against NAFLD in postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeon-Hui Jeong
- Division of Nutrition and Diet, Korea Food Research Institute, Jeollabuk-Do 55365, Korea.
| | - Haeng Jeon Hur
- Division of Nutrition and Diet, Korea Food Research Institute, Jeollabuk-Do 55365, Korea.
| | - Eun-Joo Jeon
- Division of Nutrition and Diet, Korea Food Research Institute, Jeollabuk-Do 55365, Korea.
| | - Su-Jin Park
- Division of Nutrition and Diet, Korea Food Research Institute, Jeollabuk-Do 55365, Korea.
| | - Jin Taek Hwang
- Division of Nutrition and Diet, Korea Food Research Institute, Jeollabuk-Do 55365, Korea.
| | - Ae Sin Lee
- Division of Functional Food Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Jeollabuk-Do 55365, Korea.
| | - Kyong Won Lee
- Division of Functional Food Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Jeollabuk-Do 55365, Korea.
| | - Mi Jeong Sung
- Division of Nutrition and Diet, Korea Food Research Institute, Jeollabuk-Do 55365, Korea.
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21
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Wu X, Dong L, Lin X, Li J. Relevance of the NLRP3 Inflammasome in the Pathogenesis of Chronic Liver Disease. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1728. [PMID: 29312290 PMCID: PMC5732938 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a common characteristic of chronic liver disease (CLD). Inflammasomes are multiprotein complexes that can sense and recognize various exogenous and endogenous danger signals, eventually activating interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18. The sensor component of the inflammasome system is a nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptors (NLRs). The NLRs family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome has been involved in the initiation and progression of CLD. However, the molecular mechanisms by which it triggers liver inflammation and damage remain unclear. Here, we focus on recent advances on the potential role of NLRP3 inflammasome activation in the progression of CLD, including viral hepatitis, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and alcoholic liver disease, and in particular, its ability to alleviate liver inflammation in animal models. Additionally, we also discuss various pharmacological inhibitors identifying the NLRP3 inflammasome signaling cascade as novel therapeutic targets in the treatment of CLD. In summary, this review summarizes the relevance of the NLRP3 inflammasome in the initiation and progression of CLD, and provides critical targets to suppress the development of CLD in clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqin Wu
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States.,School of Pharmacy, Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, ILDAMU, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Lei Dong
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States.,School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Xianhe Lin
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jun Li
- School of Pharmacy, Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, ILDAMU, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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22
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Wang CC, Yen JH, Cheng YC, Lin CY, Hsieh CT, Gau RJ, Chiou SJ, Chang HY. Polygala tenuifolia extract inhibits lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and high-fat diet-induced obese mouse model and affects hepatic transcriptome and gut microbiota profiles. Food Nutr Res 2017; 61:1379861. [PMID: 29056891 PMCID: PMC5642193 DOI: 10.1080/16546628.2017.1379861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity, the excessive accumulation of lipids in the body, is closely associated with many prevalent human disorders. Continued efforts to identify plant extracts that exhibit anti-obesity effects have drawn much attention. This study investigated whether a Polygala tenuifolia extract (PTE) possesses anti-obesity activity and how PTE may affect liver gene expression and gut microbiota. We used 3T3-L1 adipocytes and a high-fat diet–induced obese mouse model to determine the effects of PTE on lipid accumulation. Next-generation sequencing analysis of liver gene expression and gut microbiota profiles following PTE treatment were conducted to elucidate possible mechanisms. We found that treatment of fully differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes with PTE inhibited lipid accumulation in the cells through reducing lipid formation and triglyceride content and by increasing lipase activity. No cytotoxicity was observed from the PTE treatment. After 5 weeks of treatment with PTE, the increased body weight, elevated serum triglyceride content, and liver steatosis in the high-fat diet–induced obese mice were each reduced. Liver transcriptomic analysis revealed that expression of genes involved in lipid and cholesterol metabolism was significantly altered. The low-grade chronic inflammation of obesity caused by a high-fat diet was also decreased after PTE treatment. In addition, treatment with PTE improved the relatively low Bacteroidetes/Firmicutes ratio in the gut of high-fat diet–fed mice through enrichment of the Proteobacteria population and reduction of the Deferribacteres population. In conclusion, treatment with PTE inhibited lipid accumulation by inducing the expression of the master transcription factor PPARα, attenuated the low-grade chronic inflammation of obesity, and also altered gut microbiota profiles. These results indicate that PTE has the potential to be developed into an anti-obesity food supplement and therapy. Abbreviations: Abcg5: ATP-binding cassette subfamily G member 5; ALT: alanine aminotransferase; AMPK: adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase; AST: aspartate aminotransferase; B/F: Bacteroidetes to Firmicutes [ratio]; C/EBPα: CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha; CR: creatinine; Cyp51: cytochrome P450 family 51; DMEM: Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium; Fabp5: fatty acid-binding protein 5; FBS: fetal bovine serum; Fdps: farnesyl diphosphate synthase; Glc: Glucose; HFD: high-fat diet; GO: gene ontology; HPRT: hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyl transferase; IBMS: 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine; Idi1: isopentenyl-diphosphate delta isomerase 1; IL-1β: interleukin-1-beta; Lpin1: phosphatidic acid phosphohydrolase; LPS: lipopolysaccharide; Mvd: mevalonate diphosphate decarboxylase; ND: normal diet; OTU: operational taxonomic units; Pcsk9: proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin 9; Pctp: phosphatidylcholine transfer protein; PPARα: peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha; PPARγ: peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma; PTE: Polygala tenuifolia extract; Saa1: serum amyloid A1; SD: standard deviation; SEM: standard error of the mean; Serpina12: serpin family member 12; Sqle: squalene monooxygenase; SREBP1C: sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1C; TCHO: total cholesterol; TG: triglyceride
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Chung Wang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.,Biomedical Technology and Device Research Laboratory, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Hung Yen
- Biomedical Technology and Device Research Laboratory, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Cheng Cheng
- Biomedical Technology and Device Research Laboratory, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yu Lin
- Biomedical Technology and Device Research Laboratory, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Ta Hsieh
- Biomedical Technology and Device Research Laboratory, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Rung-Jiun Gau
- Biomedical Technology and Device Research Laboratory, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Jiau Chiou
- Biomedical Technology and Device Research Laboratory, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Hwan-You Chang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
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23
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Yeh MM, Boukhar S, Roberts B, Dasgupta N, Daoud SS. Genomic variants link to hepatitis C racial disparities. Oncotarget 2017; 8:59455-59475. [PMID: 28938650 PMCID: PMC5601746 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic liver diseases are one of the major public health issues in United States, and there are substantial racial disparities in liver cancer-related mortality. We previously identified racially distinct alterations in the expression of transcripts and proteins of hepatitis C (HCV)-induced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) between Caucasian (CA) and African American (AA) subgroups. Here, we performed a comparative genome-wide analysis of normal vs. HCV+ (cirrhotic state), and normal adjacent tissues (HCCN) vs. HCV+HCC (tumor state) of CA at the gene and alternative splicing levels using Affymetrix Human Transcriptome Array (HTA2.0). Many genes and splice variants were abnormally expressed in HCV+ more than in HCV+HCC state compared with normal tissues. Known biological pathways related to cell cycle regulations were altered in HCV+HCC, whereas acute phase reactants were deregulated in HCV+ state. We confirmed by quantitative RT-PCR that SAA1, PCNA-AS1, DAB2, and IFI30 are differentially deregulated, especially in AA compared with CA samples. Likewise, IHC staining analysis revealed altered expression patterns of SAA1 and HNF4α isoforms in HCV+ liver samples of AA compared with CA. These results demonstrate that several splice variants are primarily deregulated in normal vs. HCV+ stage, which is certainly in line with the recent observations showing that the pre-mRNA splicing machinery may be profoundly remodeled during disease progression, and may, therefore, play a major role in HCV racial disparity. The confirmation that certain genes are deregulated in AA compared to CA tissues also suggests that there is a biological basis for the observed racial disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew M Yeh
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Sarag Boukhar
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Benjamin Roberts
- The Liver Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Nairanjana Dasgupta
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Sayed S Daoud
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University Health Sciences, Spokane, WA 99210, USA
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24
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The Role of Tissue Macrophage-Mediated Inflammation on NAFLD Pathogenesis and Its Clinical Implications. Mediators Inflamm 2017; 2017:8162421. [PMID: 28115795 PMCID: PMC5237469 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8162421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Revised: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The obese phenotype is characterized by a state of chronic low-grade systemic inflammation that contributes to the development of comorbidities, including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). In fact, NAFLD is often associated with adipocyte enlargement and consequent macrophage recruitment and inflammation. Macrophage polarization is often associated with the proinflammatory state in adipose tissue. In particular, an increase of M1 macrophages number or of M1/M2 ratio triggers the production and secretion of various proinflammatory signals (i.e., adipocytokines). Next, these inflammatory factors may reach the liver leading to local M1/M2 macrophage polarization and consequent onset of the histological damage characteristic of NAFLD. Thus, the role of macrophage polarization and inflammatory signals appears to be central for pathogenesis and progression of NAFLD, even if the heterogeneity of macrophages and molecular mechanisms that govern their phenotype switch remain incompletely understood. In this review, we discuss the role of adipose and liver tissue macrophage-mediated inflammation in experimental and human NAFLD. This focus is relevant because it may help researchers that approach clinical and experimental studies on this disease advancing the knowledge of mechanisms that could be targeted in order to revert NAFLD-related fibrosis.
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25
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Tilg H, Moschen AR, Szabo G. Interleukin-1 and inflammasomes in alcoholic liver disease/acute alcoholic hepatitis and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease/nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Hepatology 2016; 64:955-65. [PMID: 26773297 DOI: 10.1002/hep.28456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Both alcoholic liver disease (ALD) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease are characterized by massive lipid accumulation in the liver accompanied by inflammation, fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma in a substantial subgroup of patients. At several stages in these diseases, mediators of the immune system, such as cytokines or inflammasomes, are crucially involved. In ALD, chronic ethanol exposure sensitizes Kupffer cells to activation by lipopolysaccharides through Toll-like receptors, e.g., Toll-like receptor 4. This sensitization enhances the production of various proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1 (IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha, thereby contributing to hepatocyte dysfunction, necrosis, and apoptosis and the generation of extracellular matrix proteins leading to fibrosis/cirrhosis. Indeed, neutralization of IL-1 by IL-1 receptor antagonist has recently been shown to potently prevent liver injury in murine models of ALD. As IL-1 is clearly linked to key clinical symptoms of acute alcoholic hepatitis such as fever, neutrophilia, and wasting, interfering with the IL-1 pathway might be an attractive treatment strategy in the future. An important role for IL-1-type cytokines and certain inflammasomes has also been demonstrated in murine models of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. IL-1-type cytokines can regulate hepatic steatosis; the NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 inflammasome is critically involved in metabolic dysregulation. CONCLUSION IL-1 cytokine family members and various inflammasomes mediate different aspects of both ALD and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. (Hepatology 2016;64:955-965).
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Affiliation(s)
- Herbert Tilg
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Alexander R Moschen
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Gyongyi Szabo
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USAMA
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26
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Sato K, Hall C, Glaser S, Francis H, Meng F, Alpini G. Pathogenesis of Kupffer Cells in Cholestatic Liver Injury. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2016; 186:2238-47. [PMID: 27452297 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2016.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Revised: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Kupffer cells are the resident macrophages in the liver. They are located in hepatic sinusoid, which allows them to remove foreign materials, pathogens, and apoptotic cells efficiently. Activated Kupffer cells secrete various mediators, including cytokines and chemokines, to initiate immune responses, inflammation, or recruitment of other liver cells. Bile duct ligation (BDL) surgery in rodents is often studied as an animal model of cholestatic liver disease, characterized by obstruction of bile flow. BDL mice show altered functional activities of Kupffer cells compared with sham-operated mice, including elevated cytokine secretion and impaired bacterial clearance. Various mediators produced by other liver cells can regulate Kupffer cell activation, which suggest that Kupffer cells orchestrate with other liver cells to relay inflammatory signals and to maintain liver homeostasis during BDL-induced liver injury. Blocking or depletion of Kupffer cells, an approach for the treatment of liver diseases, has shown controversial implications. Procedures in Kupffer cell research have limitations and may produce various results in Kupffer cell research. It is important, however, to reveal underlying mechanisms of activation and functions of Kupffer cells, followed by hepatic inflammation and fibrosis. This review summarizes present Kupffer cell studies in cholestatic liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisaku Sato
- Research, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, Texas; Department of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Temple, Texas; Scott & White Digestive Disease Research Center, Scott & White, Temple, Texas
| | - Chad Hall
- Department of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Temple, Texas; Academic Research Integration, Department Surgery, Baylor Scott & White Healthcare, Temple, Texas
| | - Shannon Glaser
- Research, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, Texas; Department of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Temple, Texas; Scott & White Digestive Disease Research Center, Scott & White, Temple, Texas
| | - Heather Francis
- Research, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, Texas; Department of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Temple, Texas; Scott & White Digestive Disease Research Center, Scott & White, Temple, Texas
| | - Fanyin Meng
- Research, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, Texas; Department of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Temple, Texas; Scott & White Digestive Disease Research Center, Scott & White, Temple, Texas
| | - Gianfranco Alpini
- Research, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, Texas; Department of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Temple, Texas; Scott & White Digestive Disease Research Center, Scott & White, Temple, Texas.
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27
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Li H, You H, Fan X, Jia J. Hepatic macrophages in liver fibrosis: pathogenesis and potential therapeutic targets. BMJ Open Gastroenterol 2016; 3:e000079. [PMID: 27252881 PMCID: PMC4885270 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgast-2016-000079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2016] [Revised: 04/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatic macrophages account for the largest non-parenchymal cell population in the liver. Recent studies have found that hepatic macrophages have different functions in different stages of experimental liver fibrosis. Some studies found that there are different types of hepatic macrophages in the liver, although others have suggested that hepatic macrophages could switch to different phenotypes in different environments. Many studies demonstrated that while hepatic macrophages promoted fibrosis through the recruitment of proinflammatory immune cells, and the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines in the early stages, these also promoted the resolution of hepatic fibrosis through the secretion of matrix metalloproteinases in the late stages. This article will review the current role played by hepatic macrophages in liver fibrosis and the potential therapeutic targets that modulate hepatic macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Li
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary and Splenic Medicine , Affiliated Hospital, Logistics University of People's Armed Police Force , Tianjin , People's Republic of China
| | - Hong You
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medial University , Beijing , People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine , Beijing , People's Republic of China
| | - Jidong Jia
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medial University , Beijing , People's Republic of China
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28
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Depression of Macrophages Modifies Serum Lipid Profile in Hyperlipidemia. Bull Exp Biol Med 2016; 160:617-21. [PMID: 27021105 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-016-3231-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Suppression of functional activity of macrophages by gadolinium chloride, suppressing the macrophage population and the endocytosis velocity, was studied in vivo. Injection of GdCl3 led to an increase in serum cholesterol concentration. Preliminary injection of GdCl3 to mice with lipidemia 24 h before poloxamer 407 reduced the concentrations of triglycerides and LDL during marked depression of macrophages (in 24 h). Macrophage repopulation (days 5, 7) was associated with development of a trend to an increase of triglyceride and LDL levels. lectron microscopic study of Kupffer cells after injection of poloxamer 407 and its combination with gadoliniun chloride detected the intralysosomal accumulation syndrome in these cells (formation of auto- and heterophagolysosomes). Activity of cathepsin B, characteristic of macrophages, reduced 24 h after injections of GdCl3 and poloxamer 407 alone and restored in response to their combination.
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29
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Nati M, Haddad D, Birkenfeld AL, Koch CA, Chavakis T, Chatzigeorgiou A. The role of immune cells in metabolism-related liver inflammation and development of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2016; 17:29-39. [PMID: 26847547 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-016-9339-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The low grade inflammatory state present in obesity promotes the progression of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD). In Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH), augmented hepatic steatosis is accompanied by aberrant intrahepatic inflammation and exacerbated hepatocellular injury. NASH is an important disorder and can lead to fibrosis, cirrhosis and even neoplasia. The pathology of NASH involves a complex network of mechanisms, including increased infiltration of different subsets of immune cells, such as monocytes, T-lymphocytes and neutrophils, to the liver, as well as activation and in situ expansion of liver resident cells such as Kupffer cells or stellate cells. In this review, we summarize recent advances regarding understanding the role of the various cells of the innate and adaptive immunity in NASH development and progression, and discuss possible future therapeutic options and tools to interfere with disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Nati
- Department of Clinical Pathobiochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, MTZ, Fiedlerstrasse 42, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - David Haddad
- Department of Clinical Pathobiochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, MTZ, Fiedlerstrasse 42, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Andreas L Birkenfeld
- Section of Metabolic Vascular Medicine, Medical Clinic III, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden of the Helmholtz Center Munich at University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Neuherberg, Germany
- Division of Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences, Rayne Institute, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Christian A Koch
- Division of Endocrinology, Endocrine Tumor Program, Cancer Institute, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Triantafyllos Chavakis
- Department of Clinical Pathobiochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, MTZ, Fiedlerstrasse 42, 01307, Dresden, Germany
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden of the Helmholtz Center Munich at University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Antonios Chatzigeorgiou
- Department of Clinical Pathobiochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, MTZ, Fiedlerstrasse 42, 01307, Dresden, Germany.
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden of the Helmholtz Center Munich at University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Neuherberg, Germany.
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
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30
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Role of NLRP3 Inflammasome in the Progression of NAFLD to NASH. Can J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2016; 2016:6489012. [PMID: 27446858 PMCID: PMC4904645 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6489012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has been recognized as a major public health problem worldwide. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is an advanced form of NAFLD that may progress to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The pathogenesis of disease progression from NAFLD to NASH has not been fully understood. Immunological mechanisms that have been increasingly recognized in the disease progression include defects in innate immunity, adaptive immunity, Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling, and gut-liver axis. The NLRP3 inflammasome is an intracellular multiprotein complex involved in the production of mature interleukin 1-beta (IL-1β) and induces metabolic inflammation. NLRP3 inflammasome has been recently demonstrated to play a crucial role in the progression of NASH. This review highlights the recent findings linking NLRP3 inflammasome to the progression of NASH.
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31
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Kandel-Kfir M, Almog T, Shaish A, Shlomai G, Anafi L, Avivi C, Barshack I, Grosskopf I, Harats D, Kamari Y. Interleukin-1α deficiency attenuates endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced liver damage and CHOP expression in mice. J Hepatol 2015; 63:926-33. [PMID: 26022690 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2015.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Revised: 05/01/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS ER stress promotes liver fat accumulation and induction of inflammatory cytokines, which contribute to the development of steatohepatitis. Unresolved ER stress upregulates the pro-apoptotic CHOP. IL-1α is localized to the nucleus in apoptotic cells, but is released when these cells become necrotic and induce sterile inflammation. We investigated whether IL-1α is involved in ER stress-induced apoptosis and steatohepatitis. METHODS We employed WT and IL-1α-deficient mice to study the role of IL-1α in ER stress-induced steatohepatitis. RESULTS Liver CHOP mRNA was induced in a time dependent fashion in the atherogenic diet-induced steatohepatitis model, and was twofold lower in IL-1α deficient compared to WT mice. In the ER stress-driven steatohepatitis model, IL-1α deficiency decreased the elevation in serum ALT levels, the number of apoptotic cells (measured as caspase-3-positive hepatocytes), and the expression of IL-1β, IL-6, TNFα, and CHOP, with no effect on the degree of fatty liver formation. IL-1α was upregulated in ER-stressed-macrophages and the protein was localized to the nucleus. IL-1β mRNA and CHOP mRNA and protein levels were lower in ER-stressed-macrophages from IL-1α deficient compared to WT mice. ER stress induced the expression of IL-1α and IL-1β also in mouse primary hepatocytes. Recombinant IL-1α treatment in hepatocytes did not affect CHOP expression but upregulated both IL-1α and IL-1β mRNA levels. CONCLUSION We show that IL-1α is upregulated in response to ER stress and IL-1α deficiency reduces ER stress-induced CHOP expression, apoptosis and steatohepatitis. As a dual function cytokine, IL-1α may contribute to the induction of CHOP intracellularly, while IL-1α released from necrotic cells accelerates steatohepatitis via induction of inflammatory cytokines by neighboring cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Kandel-Kfir
- The Bert W. Strassburger Lipid Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Tal Almog
- The Bert W. Strassburger Lipid Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Aviv Shaish
- The Bert W. Strassburger Lipid Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Gadi Shlomai
- The Bert W. Strassburger Lipid Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Liat Anafi
- The Pathology Department, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Camila Avivi
- The Pathology Department, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Iris Barshack
- The Pathology Department, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Israel
| | - Itamar Grosskopf
- The Bert W. Strassburger Lipid Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Dror Harats
- The Bert W. Strassburger Lipid Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Israel
| | - Yehuda Kamari
- The Bert W. Strassburger Lipid Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Israel.
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Rubenstein DA, Hom S, Ghebrehiwet B, Yin W. Tobacco and e-cigarette products initiate Kupffer cell inflammatory responses. Mol Immunol 2015; 67:652-60. [PMID: 26072673 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2015.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Revised: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Kupffer cells are liver resident macrophages that are responsible for screening and clearing blood of pathogens and foreign particles. It has recently been shown that Kupffer cells interact with platelets, through an adhesion based mechanism, to aid in pathogen clearance and then these platelets re-enter the general systemic circulation. Thus, a mechanism has been identified that relates liver inflammation to possible changes in the systemic circulation. However, the role that Kupffer cells play in cardiovascular disease initiation/progression has not been elucidated. Thus, our objective was to determine whether or not Kupffer cells are responsive to a classical cardiovascular risk factor and if these changes can be transmitted into the general systemic circulation. If Kupffer cells initiate inflammatory responses after exposure to classical cardiovascular risk factors, then this provides a potential alternative/synergistic pathway for cardiovascular disease initiation. We aimed to elucidate the prevalence of this potential pathway. We hypothesized that Kupffer cells would initiate a robust inflammatory response after exposure to tobacco cigarette or e-cigarette products and that the inflammatory response would have the potential to antagonize other salient cells for cardiovascular disease progression. To test this, Kupffer cells were incubated with tobacco smoke extracts, e-cigarette vapor extracts or pure nicotine. Complement deposition onto Kupffer cells, Kupffer cell complement receptor expression, oxidative stress production, cytokine release and viability and density were assessed after the exposure. We observed a robust inflammatory response, oxidative stress production and cytokine release after Kupffer cells were exposed to tobacco or e-cigarette extracts. We also observed a marginal decrease in cell viability coupled with a significant decrease in cell density. In general, this was not a function of the extract formulation (e.g. tobacco vs. e-cigarette products or the formulation of the cigarette product). These results indicate that Kupffer cells are responsive to classical cardiovascular risk factors and that an inflammatory response is initiated that may pass into the general systemic circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Rubenstein
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, United States.
| | - Sarah Hom
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, United States
| | - Berhane Ghebrehiwet
- School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, United States
| | - Wei Yin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, United States
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Choline and Cystine Deficient Diets in Animal Models with Hepatocellular Injury: Evaluation of Oxidative Stress and Expression of RAGE, TNF-α, and IL-1β. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2015:121925. [PMID: 26137185 PMCID: PMC4468296 DOI: 10.1155/2015/121925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Revised: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the effects of diets deficient in choline and/or cystine on hepatocellular injury in animal models (young male Wistar rats, aged 21 days), by monitoring some of the oxidative stress biomarkers and the expression of RAGE, TNF-α, and IL-1β. The animals were divided into 6 groups (n = 10) and submitted to different diets over 30 days: AIN-93 diet (standard, St), AIN-93 choline deficient (CD) diet and AIN-93 choline and cystine deficient (CCD) diet, in the pellet (pl) and powder (pw) diet forms. Independently of the diet form, AIN-93 diet already led to hepatic steatosis and CD/CCD diets provoked hepatic damage. The increase of lipid peroxidation, represented by the evaluation of thiobarbituric acid reactive species, associated with the decrease of levels of antioxidant enzymes, were the parameters with higher significance toward redox profile in this model of hepatic injury. Regarding inflammation, in relation to TNF-α, higher levels were evidenced in CD(pl), while, for IL-1β, no significant alteration was detected. RAGE expression was practically the same in all groups, with exception of CCD(pw) versus CCD(pl). These results together confirm that AIN-93 causes hepatic steatosis and choline and/or cysteine deficiencies produce important hepatic injury associated with oxidative stress and inflammatory profiles.
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Lin D, Lei L, Zhang Y, Hu B, Bao G, Liu Y, Song Y, Liu C, Wu Y, Zhao L, Yu X, Liu H. Secreted IL-1α promotes T-cell activation and expansion of CD11b+Gr1+cells in carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury in mice. Eur J Immunol 2015; 45:2084-98. [DOI: 10.1002/eji.201445195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Revised: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Lin
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Tumor Immunology; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University; Suzhou Jiangsu China
| | - Lei Lei
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Tumor Immunology; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University; Suzhou Jiangsu China
| | - Yinsheng Zhang
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Tumor Immunology; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University; Suzhou Jiangsu China
| | - Bo Hu
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Tumor Immunology; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University; Suzhou Jiangsu China
| | - Guangming Bao
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Tumor Immunology; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University; Suzhou Jiangsu China
| | - Yonghao Liu
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Tumor Immunology; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University; Suzhou Jiangsu China
| | - Yuan Song
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Tumor Immunology; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University; Suzhou Jiangsu China
| | - Chunliang Liu
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Tumor Immunology; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University; Suzhou Jiangsu China
| | - Yan Wu
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Tumor Immunology; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University; Suzhou Jiangsu China
| | - Lixiang Zhao
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Tumor Immunology; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University; Suzhou Jiangsu China
| | - Xiao Yu
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Tumor Immunology; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University; Suzhou Jiangsu China
| | - Haiyan Liu
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Tumor Immunology; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University; Suzhou Jiangsu China
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center; Department of Hematology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology and Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis Ministry of Health; Suzhou Jiangsu China
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