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Velayutham N, Calderon MU, Alfieri CM, Padula SL, van Leeuwen FN, Scheijen B, Yutzey KE. Btg1 and Btg2 regulate neonatal cardiomyocyte cell cycle arrest. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2023; 179:30-41. [PMID: 37062247 PMCID: PMC10192094 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2023.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
Rodent cardiomyocytes undergo mitotic arrest in the first postnatal week. Here, we investigate the role of transcriptional co-regulator Btg2 (B-cell translocation gene 2) and functionally-similar homolog Btg1 in postnatal cardiomyocyte cell cycling and maturation. Btg1 and Btg2 (Btg1/2) are expressed in neonatal C57BL/6 mouse left ventricles coincident with cardiomyocyte cell cycle arrest. Btg1/2 constitutive double knockout (DKO) mouse hearts exhibit increased pHH3+ mitotic cardiomyocytes compared to Wildtype at postnatal day (P)7, but not at P30. Similarly, neonatal AAV9-mediated Btg1/2 double knockdown (DKD) mouse hearts exhibit increased EdU+ mitotic cardiomyocytes compared to Scramble AAV9-shRNA controls at P7, but not at P14. In neonatal rat ventricular myocyte (NRVM) cultures, siRNA-mediated Btg1/2 single and double knockdown cohorts showed increased EdU+ cardiomyocytes compared to Scramble siRNA controls, without increase in binucleation or nuclear DNA content. RNAseq analyses of Btg1/2-depleted NRVMs support a role for Btg1/2 in inhibiting cell proliferation, and in modulating reactive oxygen species response pathways, implicated in neonatal cardiomyocyte cell cycle arrest. Together, these data identify Btg1 and Btg2 as novel contributing factors in mammalian cardiomyocyte cell cycle arrest after birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nivedhitha Velayutham
- Molecular and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA; The Heart Institute, Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Maria Uscategui Calderon
- Molecular and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA; The Heart Institute, Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Christina M Alfieri
- The Heart Institute, Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Stephanie L Padula
- The Heart Institute, Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | | | | | - Katherine E Yutzey
- Molecular and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA; The Heart Institute, Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
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2
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Zhang C, Sun Q, Zhang X, Qin N, Pu Z, Gu Y, Yan C, Zhu M, Dai J, Wang C, Li N, Jin G, Ma H, Hu Z, Zhang E, Tan F, Shen H. Gene amplification-driven RNA methyltransferase KIAA1429 promotes tumorigenesis by regulating BTG2 via m6A-YTHDF2-dependent in lung adenocarcinoma. Cancer Commun (Lond) 2022; 42:609-626. [PMID: 35730068 PMCID: PMC9257983 DOI: 10.1002/cac2.12325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Epigenetic alterations have been shown to contribute immensely to human carcinogenesis. Dynamic and reversible N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) RNA modification regulates gene expression and cell fate. However, the reasons for activation of KIAA1429 (also known as VIRMA, an RNA methyltransferase) and its underlying mechanism in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) remain largely unexplored. In this study, we aimed to clarify the oncogenic role of KIAA1429 in the tumorigenesis of LUAD. Methods Whole‐genome sequencing and transcriptome sequencing of LUAD data were used to analyze the gene amplification of RNA methyltransferase. The in vitro and in vivo functions of KIAA1429 were investigated. Transcriptome sequencing, methylated RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing (MeRIP‐seq), m6A dot blot assays and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) were performed to confirm the modified gene mediated by KIAA1429. RNA stability assays were used to detect the half‐life of the target gene. Results Copy number amplification drove higher expression of KIAA1429 in LUAD, which was correlated with poor overall survival. Manipulating the expression of KIAA1429 could regulate the proliferation and metastasis of LUAD. Mechanistically, the target genes of KIAA1429‐mediated m6A modification were confirmed by transcriptome sequencing and MeRIP‐seq assays. We also revealed that KIAA1429 could regulate BTG2 expression in an m6A‐dependent manner. Knockdown of KIAA1429 significantly decreased the m6A levels of BTG2 mRNA, leading to enhanced YTH m6A RNA binding protein 2 (YTHDF2, the m6A “reader”)‐dependent BTG2 mRNA stability and promoted the expression of BTG2; thus, participating in the tumorigenesis of LUAD. Conclusions Our data revealed the activation mechanism and important role of KIAA1429 in LUAD tumorigenesis, which may provide a novel view on the targeted molecular therapy of LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, P. R. China.,Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, P. R. China
| | - Qi Sun
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, P. R. China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, P. R. China
| | - Na Qin
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, P. R. China
| | - Zhening Pu
- Center of Clinical Research, Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214023, P. R. China
| | - Yayun Gu
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, P. R. China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, P. R. China
| | - Caiwang Yan
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, P. R. China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, P. R. China
| | - Meng Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, P. R. China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, P. R. China
| | - Juncheng Dai
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, P. R. China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, P. R. China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, P. R. China.,Department of Bioinformatics, School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, P. R. China
| | - Ni Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, P. R. China
| | - Guangfu Jin
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, P. R. China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, P. R. China
| | - Hongxia Ma
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, P. R. China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, P. R. China
| | - Zhibin Hu
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, P. R. China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, P. R. China.,Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, P. R. China
| | - Erbao Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, P. R. China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, P. R. China
| | - Fengwei Tan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, P. R. China
| | - Hongbing Shen
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, P. R. China.,Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, P. R. China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, P. R. China.,Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, P. R. China.,Research Unit of Prospective Cohort of Cardiovascular Diseases and Cancers, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100142, P. R. China
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Lu R, Zhang H, Jiang YN, Wang ZQ, Sun L, Zhou ZW. Post-Translational Modification of MRE11: Its Implication in DDR and Diseases. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:1158. [PMID: 34440334 PMCID: PMC8392716 DOI: 10.3390/genes12081158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Maintaining genomic stability is vital for cells as well as individual organisms. The meiotic recombination-related gene MRE11 (meiotic recombination 11) is essential for preserving genomic stability through its important roles in the resection of broken DNA ends, DNA damage response (DDR), DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) repair, and telomere maintenance. The post-translational modifications (PTMs), such as phosphorylation, ubiquitination, and methylation, regulate directly the function of MRE11 and endow MRE11 with capabilities to respond to cellular processes in promptly, precisely, and with more diversified manners. Here in this paper, we focus primarily on the PTMs of MRE11 and their roles in DNA response and repair, maintenance of genomic stability, as well as their association with diseases such as cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqing Lu
- School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China; (R.L.); (Y.-N.J.)
| | - Han Zhang
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College; Kunming 650118, China;
| | - Yi-Nan Jiang
- School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China; (R.L.); (Y.-N.J.)
| | - Zhao-Qi Wang
- Leibniz Institute on Aging–Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), 07745 Jena, Germany;
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Friedrich-Schiller-University of Jena, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Litao Sun
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Zhong-Wei Zhou
- School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China; (R.L.); (Y.-N.J.)
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Zhao A, Zhang J, Liu Y, Jia X, Lu X, Wang Q, Ji T, Yang L, Xue J, Gao R, Yu Y, Yang A. Synergic radiosensitization of sinomenine hydrochloride and radioiodine on human papillary thyroid carcinoma cells. Transl Oncol 2021; 14:101172. [PMID: 34243014 PMCID: PMC8273215 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2021.101172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This is the first time to study and find out that sinomenine hydrochloride and iodine-131 synergic enhance the apoptosis and regulate DNA repair and cell cycle checkpoint on papillary thyroid carcinoma cells. This is the first time to study and find out that sinomenine hydrochloride increased the radiosensitivity of papillary thyroid carcinoma cells and normal thyroid cells. This is the first time to study and find out that sinomenine hydrochloride could be a potential therapeutic radiosensitizer in papillary thyroid carcinoma radiotherapy after total thyroidectomy .
Radioiodine (131I) therapy is an important treatment for thyroid carcinoma. The response to radiotherapy sometimes limited by the development of radioresistance. Sinomenine hydrochloride(SH), was reported as a prospective radiosensitizer. This study was aim to evaluate synergic radiosensitization of SH and 131I on papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). We evaluated HTori-3, BCPAP and TPC-1 cells, the cell viability was evaluated by MTT. The experiment was divided into 4 groups: control group, SH (0.8 mM) group, I (131I 14.8 MBq/ml) group and ISH (SH 0.8 mM plus 131I 14.8 MBq/ml) group. Flow cytometry was used to investigate cell cycle phases and cell apoptosis. RT-PCR and western blotting were performed to determine the molecular changes. Compared to control group, SH significantly increased apoptosis and enhanced radiosensitivity of HTori-3 and PTC cells were related to the ratio of Bcl-2 to Bax protein downregulation and Fas, p21, p-ATM, p-Chk1, p-Chk2 and p53 protein expression upregulation in the ISH group (P < 0.05). Our results indicate that synergic radiosensitization of SH and iodine-131 on PTC cells and SH could be a potential therapeutic radiosensitizer in PTC radio therapy after total thyroidectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aomei Zhao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China
| | - Xi Jia
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China
| | - Xueni Lu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China
| | - Ting Ji
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China
| | - Lulu Yang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China
| | - Jianjun Xue
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China
| | - Rui Gao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China
| | - Yan Yu
- Department of Public Health, Health Science Center of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China
| | - Aimin Yang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, PR China.
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Amine H, Ripin N, Sharma S, Stoecklin G, Allain FH, Séraphin B, Mauxion F. A conserved motif in human BTG1 and BTG2 proteins mediates interaction with the poly(A) binding protein PABPC1 to stimulate mRNA deadenylation. RNA Biol 2021; 18:2450-2465. [PMID: 34060423 PMCID: PMC8632095 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2021.1925476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Antiproliferative BTG/Tob proteins interact directly with the CAF1 deadenylase subunit of the CCR4-NOT complex. This binding requires the presence of two conserved motifs, boxA and boxB, characteristic of the BTG/Tob APRO domain. Consistently, these proteins were shown to stimulate mRNA deadenylation and decay in several instances. Two members of the family, BTG1 and BTG2, were reported further to associate with the protein arginine methyltransferase PRMT1 through a motif, boxC, conserved only in this subset of proteins. We recently demonstrated that BTG1 and BTG2 also contact the first RRM domain of the cytoplasmic poly(A) binding protein PABPC1. To decipher the mode of interaction of BTG1 and BTG2 with partners, we performed nuclear magnetic resonance experiments as well as mutational and biochemical analyses. Our data demonstrate that, in the context of an APRO domain, the boxC motif is necessary and sufficient to allow interaction with PABPC1 but, unexpectedly, that it is not required for BTG2 association with PRMT1. We show further that the presence of a boxC motif in an APRO domain endows it with the ability to stimulate deadenylation in cellulo and in vitro. Overall, our results identify the molecular interface allowing BTG1 and BTG2 to activate deadenylation, a process recently shown to be necessary for maintaining T-cell quiescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamza Amine
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Illkirch, France.,Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 7104, Illkirch, France.,Institut National de Santé et de Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1258, Illkirch, France.,Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Nina Ripin
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, ETH Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Sahil Sharma
- Mannheim Institute for Innate Immunoscience (MI3), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)-ZMBH Alliance, Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Georg Stoecklin
- Mannheim Institute for Innate Immunoscience (MI3), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)-ZMBH Alliance, Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frédéric H Allain
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, ETH Zürich, Switzerland.,Department of Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, ETH Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Bertrand Séraphin
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Illkirch, France.,Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 7104, Illkirch, France.,Institut National de Santé et de Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1258, Illkirch, France.,Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Fabienne Mauxion
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Illkirch, France.,Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 7104, Illkirch, France.,Institut National de Santé et de Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1258, Illkirch, France.,Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
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Suzuki K, Shinohara M, Uno Y, Tashiro Y, Gheni G, Yamamoto M, Fukumori A, Shindo A, Mashimo T, Tomimoto H, Sato N. Deletion of B-cell translocation gene 2 (BTG2) alters the responses of glial cells in white matter to chronic cerebral hypoperfusion. J Neuroinflammation 2021; 18:86. [PMID: 33812385 PMCID: PMC8019185 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-021-02135-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Subcortical ischemic vascular dementia, one of the major subtypes of vascular dementia, is characterized by lacunar infarcts and white matter lesions caused by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion. In this study, we used a mouse model of bilateral common carotid artery stenosis (BCAS) to investigate the role of B-cell translocation gene 2 (BTG2), an antiproliferation gene, in the white matter glial response to chronic cerebral hypoperfusion. METHODS Btg2-/- mice and littermate wild-type control mice underwent BCAS or sham operation. Behavior phenotypes were assessed by open-field test and Morris water maze test. Brain tissues were analyzed for the degree of white matter lesions and glial changes. To further confirm the effects of Btg2 deletion on proliferation of glial cells in vitro, BrdU incorporation was investigated in mixed glial cells derived from wild-type and Btg2-/- mice. RESULTS Relative to wild-type mice with or without BCAS, BCAS-treated Btg2-/- mice exhibited elevated spontaneous locomotor activity and poorer spatial learning ability. Although the severities of white matter lesions did not significantly differ between wild-type and Btg2-/- mice after BCAS, the immunoreactivities of GFAP, a marker of astrocytes, and Mac2, a marker of activated microglia and macrophages, in the white matter of the optic tract were higher in BCAS-treated Btg2-/- mice than in BCAS-treated wild-type mice. The expression level of Gfap was also significantly elevated in BCAS-treated Btg2-/- mice. In vitro analysis showed that BrdU incorporation in mixed glial cells in response to inflammatory stimulation associated with cerebral hypoperfusion was higher in Btg2-/- mice than in wild-type mice. CONCLUSION BTG2 negatively regulates glial cell proliferation in response to cerebral hypoperfusion, resulting in behavioral changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaoru Suzuki
- Department of Aging Neurobiology, Center for Development of Advanced Medicine for Dementia, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 7-430, Morioka, Obu, Aichi, 474-8511, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Shinohara
- Department of Aging Neurobiology, Center for Development of Advanced Medicine for Dementia, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 7-430, Morioka, Obu, Aichi, 474-8511, Japan
- Department of Aging Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Uno
- Institute of Experimental Animal Sciences, Osaka University Medical School, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Tashiro
- Department of Aging Neurobiology, Center for Development of Advanced Medicine for Dementia, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 7-430, Morioka, Obu, Aichi, 474-8511, Japan
| | - Ghupurjan Gheni
- Department of Aging Neurobiology, Center for Development of Advanced Medicine for Dementia, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 7-430, Morioka, Obu, Aichi, 474-8511, Japan
| | - Miho Yamamoto
- Department of Aging Neurobiology, Center for Development of Advanced Medicine for Dementia, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 7-430, Morioka, Obu, Aichi, 474-8511, Japan
| | - Akio Fukumori
- Department of Aging Neurobiology, Center for Development of Advanced Medicine for Dementia, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 7-430, Morioka, Obu, Aichi, 474-8511, Japan
- Department of Aging Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Akihiko Shindo
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, 174, Edobashi 2-chome, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Tomoji Mashimo
- Institute of Experimental Animal Sciences, Osaka University Medical School, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Tomimoto
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, 174, Edobashi 2-chome, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Sato
- Department of Aging Neurobiology, Center for Development of Advanced Medicine for Dementia, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 7-430, Morioka, Obu, Aichi, 474-8511, Japan.
- Department of Aging Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
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The Regulatory Properties of the Ccr4-Not Complex. Cells 2020; 9:cells9112379. [PMID: 33138308 PMCID: PMC7692201 DOI: 10.3390/cells9112379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian Ccr4–Not complex, carbon catabolite repression 4 (Ccr4)-negative on TATA-less (Not), is a large, highly conserved, multifunctional assembly of proteins that acts at different cellular levels to regulate gene expression. In the nucleus, it is involved in the regulation of the cell cycle, chromatin modification, activation and inhibition of transcription initiation, control of transcription elongation, RNA export, nuclear RNA surveillance, and DNA damage repair. In the cytoplasm, the Ccr4–Not complex plays a central role in mRNA decay and affects protein quality control. Most of our original knowledge of the Ccr4–Not complex is derived, primarily, from studies in yeast. More recent studies have shown that the mammalian complex has a comparable structure and similar properties. In this review, we summarize the evidence for the multiple roles of both the yeast and mammalian Ccr4–Not complexes, highlighting their similarities.
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Loeliger BW, Hanu C, Panyutin IV, Maass-Moreno R, Wakim P, Pritchard WF, Neumann RD, Panyutin IG. Effect of Ionizing Radiation on Transcriptome during Neural Differentiation of Human Embryonic Stem Cells. Radiat Res 2020; 193:460-470. [PMID: 32216708 DOI: 10.1667/rr15535.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Human embryonic brain development is highly sensitive to ionizing radiation. However, detailed information on the mechanisms of this sensitivity is not available due to limited experimental data. In this study, differentiation of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) to neural lineages was used as a model for early embryonic brain development to assess the effect of exposure to low (17 mGy) and high (572 mGy) doses of radiation on gene expression. Transcriptomes were assessed using RNA sequencing during neural differentiation at three time points in control and irradiated samples. The first time point was when the cells were still pluripotent (day 0), the second time point was during the stage of embryoid body formation (day 6), and the third and final time point was during the stage of neural rosette formation (day 10). Analysis of the transcriptomes revealed neurodifferentiation in both the control and irradiated cells. Low-dose irradiation did not result in changes in gene expression at any of the time points, whereas high-dose irradiation resulted in downregulation of some major neurodifferentiation markers on days 6 and 10. Gene ontology analysis showed that pathways related to nervous system development, neurogenesis and generation of neurons were among the most affected. Expression of such key regulators of neuronal development as NEUROG1, ARX, ASCL1, RFX4 and INSM1 was reduced more than twofold. In conclusion, exposure to a 17 mGy low dose of radiation was well tolerated by hESCs while exposure to 572 mGy significantly affected their genetic reprogramming into neuronal lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Paul Wakim
- Department of Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology Service, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
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9
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Pavey S, Pinder A, Fernando W, D'Arcy N, Matigian N, Skalamera D, Lê Cao KA, Loo-Oey D, Hill MM, Stark M, Kimlin M, Burgess A, Cloonan N, Sturm RA, Gabrielli B. Multiple interaction nodes define the postreplication repair response to UV-induced DNA damage that is defective in melanomas and correlated with UV signature mutation load. Mol Oncol 2019; 14:22-41. [PMID: 31733171 PMCID: PMC6944116 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Ultraviolet radiation‐induced DNA mutations are a primary environmental driver of melanoma. The reason for this very high level of unrepaired DNA lesions leading to these mutations is still poorly understood. The primary DNA repair mechanism for UV‐induced lesions, that is, the nucleotide excision repair pathway, appears intact in most melanomas. We have previously reported a postreplication repair mechanism that is commonly defective in melanoma cell lines. Here we have used a genome‐wide approach to identify the components of this postreplication repair mechanism. We have used differential transcript polysome loading to identify transcripts that are associated with UV response, and then functionally assessed these to identify novel components of this repair and cell cycle checkpoint network. We have identified multiple interaction nodes, including global genomic nucleotide excision repair and homologous recombination repair, and previously unexpected MASTL pathway, as components of the response. Finally, we have used bioinformatics to assess the contribution of dysregulated expression of these pathways to the UV signature mutation load of a large melanoma cohort. We show that dysregulation of the pathway, especially the DNA damage repair components, are significant contributors to UV mutation load, and that dysregulation of the MASTL pathway appears to be a significant contributor to high UV signature mutation load.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Pavey
- Diamantina Institute, TRI, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Alex Pinder
- Diamantina Institute, TRI, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Winnie Fernando
- Mater Research, TRI, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Nicholas D'Arcy
- Mater Research, TRI, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Nicholas Matigian
- Diamantina Institute, TRI, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia.,QFAB Bioinformatics, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Dubravka Skalamera
- Diamantina Institute, TRI, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia.,Mater Research, TRI, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Kim-Anh Lê Cao
- Diamantina Institute, TRI, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Dorothy Loo-Oey
- Diamantina Institute, TRI, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Michelle M Hill
- Diamantina Institute, TRI, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia.,QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Mitchell Stark
- Diamantina Institute, TRI, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Michael Kimlin
- University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Nicole Cloonan
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Richard A Sturm
- Diamantina Institute, TRI, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Brian Gabrielli
- Diamantina Institute, TRI, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia.,Mater Research, TRI, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
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10
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Mišík M, Nersesyan A, Ropek N, Huber WW, Haslinger E, Knasmueller S. Use of human derived liver cells for the detection of genotoxins in comet assays. MUTATION RESEARCH/GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2019; 845:402995. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2018.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/09/2018] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
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11
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Yuniati L, Scheijen B, van der Meer LT, van Leeuwen FN. Tumor suppressors BTG1 and BTG2: Beyond growth control. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:5379-5389. [PMID: 30350856 PMCID: PMC6587536 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Since the identification of B‐cell translocation gene 1 (BTG1) and BTG2 as antiproliferation genes more than two decades ago, their protein products have been implicated in a variety of cellular processes including cell division, DNA repair, transcriptional regulation and messenger RNA stability. In addition to affecting differentiation during development and in the adult, BTG proteins play an important role in maintaining homeostasis under conditions of cellular stress. Genomic profiling of B‐cell leukemia and lymphoma has put BTG1 and BTG2 in the spotlight, since both genes are frequently deleted or mutated in these malignancies, pointing towards a role as tumor suppressors. Moreover, in solid tumors, reduced expression of BTG1 or BTG2 is often correlated with malignant cell behavior and poor treatment outcome. Recent studies have uncovered novel roles for BTG1 and BTG2 in genotoxic and integrated stress responses, as well as during hematopoiesis. This review summarizes what is currently known about the roles of BTG1 and BTG2 in these and other cellular processes. In addition, we will highlight the molecular mechanisms and biological consequences of BTG1 and BTG2 deregulation during cancer progression and elaborate on the potential clinical implications of these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurensia Yuniati
- Laboratory of Pediatric Oncology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Science, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Hubrecht Institute-KNAW, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Blanca Scheijen
- Laboratory of Pediatric Oncology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Science, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Pathology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Laurens T van der Meer
- Laboratory of Pediatric Oncology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Science, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Frank N van Leeuwen
- Laboratory of Pediatric Oncology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Science, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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12
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Zhang D, Dong Y, Zhao Y, Zhou C, Qian Y, Hegde ML, Wang H, Han S. Sinomenine hydrochloride sensitizes cervical cancer cells to ionizing radiation by impairing DNA damage response. Oncol Rep 2018; 40:2886-2895. [PMID: 30226618 PMCID: PMC6151895 DOI: 10.3892/or.2018.6693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of plant-based compounds derived from traditional medicine to improve human diseases has been gaining momentum, due to their high bioavailability and moderate adverse effects. Sinomenine is one such biomonomer alkali compound derived from Sinomenium acutum and is known for its anti-inflammatory and antitumor effects. However, the molecular mechanism(s) of its antitumor properties are not fully characterized. In the present study, we evaluated the radiosensitizing effects of the water-soluble sinomenine, sinomenine hydrochloride (SH) in human cervical cancer cell line (HeLa). SH sensitized HeLa cells to ionizing radiation (IR) by promoting accumulation of IR-induced DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) and also by interfering with DNA damage checkpoint activation. We then investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying the SH-mediated cellular sensitization to IR and found that SH inhibited the expression of DNA damage response (DDR) factors Ku80 and Rad51 at the transcription level. Finally, the radiosensitizing activity of SH was confirmed in a cervical cancer mouse xenograft model. The combinatorial treatment of SH and IR significantly slowed the tumor growth rate compared with IR alone. Collectively, our study not only provides molecular insights into the novel role of SH in cellular response to IR, but also suggests a therapeutic potential of SH as a radiosensitizer in cervical cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Yiping Dong
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Ying Zhao
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Congya Zhou
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Yuanjie Qian
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Muralidhar L Hegde
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Haibo Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Suxia Han
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
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13
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Ngan Tran K, Choi JI. Gene expression profiling of rat livers after continuous whole-body exposure to low-dose rate of gamma rays. Int J Radiat Biol 2018; 94:434-442. [PMID: 29557699 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2018.1455009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To study gene expression modulation in response to continuous whole-body exposure to low-dose-rate gamma radiation and improve our understanding of the mechanism of this impact at the molecular basis. MATERIALS AND METHODS cDNA microarray method with complete pooling of samples was used to study expression changes in the transcriptome profile of livers from rats treated with prolonged low-dose-rate ionizing radiation (IR) relative to that of sham-irradiated rats. RESULTS Of the 209 genes that were two-fold-up or down-regulated, 143 were known genes of which 27 were found in previous literatures to be modulated by IR. Remarkably, there were a significant number of differentially expressed genes involved in hepatic lipid metabolism. CONCLUSION This study showed changes in transcriptome profile of livers from low-dose irradiated rats when compared with that of sham-irradiated ones. This study will be useful for studying the metabolic changes of human exposed for long term to cosmic ray such as in space and in polar regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Ngan Tran
- a Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Interdisciplinary Program for Bioenergy & Biomaterials , Chonnam National University , Gwangju , South Korea
| | - Jong-Il Choi
- a Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Interdisciplinary Program for Bioenergy & Biomaterials , Chonnam National University , Gwangju , South Korea
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14
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Choi OR, Ryu MS, Lim IK. Shifting p53-induced senescence to cell death by TIS21(/BTG2/Pc3) gene through posttranslational modification of p53 protein. Cell Signal 2016; 28:1172-1185. [PMID: 27208501 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2016.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Revised: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Cellular senescence and apoptosis can be regulated by p53 activity, although the underlying mechanism of the switch between the two events remains largely unknown. Cells exposed to cancer chemotherapy can escape to senescence phenotype rather than undergoing apoptosis. By employing adenoviral transduction of p53 or TIS21 genes, we observed shifting of p53 induced-senescence to apoptosis in EJ bladder cancer cells, which express H-RasV12 and mutant p53; transduction of p53 increased H-RasV12 expression along with senescence phenotypes, whereas coexpression with TIS21 (p53+TIS21) induced cell death rather than senescence. The TIS21-mediated switch of senescence to apoptosis was accompanied by nuclear translocation of p53 protein and its modifications on Ser-15 and Ser-46 phosphorylation and acetylations on Lys-120, -320, -373 and -382 residues. Mechanistically, TIS21(/BTG2) regulated posttranslational modification of p53 via enhancing miR34a and Bax expressions as opposed to inhibiting SIRT1 and Bcl2 expression. At the same time, TIS21 increased APAF-1 and p53AIP1 expressions, but inhibited the interaction of p53 with iASPP. In vitro tumorigenicity was significantly reduced in the p53+TIS21 expresser through inhibiting micro-colony proliferation by TIS21. Effect of TIS21 on the regulation of p53 activity was confirmed by knockdown of TIS21 expression by RNA interference. Therefore, we suggest TIS21 expression as an endogenous cell death inducer at the downstream of p53 gene, which might be useful for intractable cancer chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ok Ran Choi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine and Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Sook Ryu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine and Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - In Kyoung Lim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine and Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea.
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15
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Micheli L, Ceccarelli M, Farioli-Vecchioli S, Tirone F. Control of the Normal and Pathological Development of Neural Stem and Progenitor Cells by the PC3/Tis21/Btg2 and Btg1 Genes. J Cell Physiol 2015; 230:2881-90. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Micheli
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology; National Research Council; Fondazione S.Lucia Rome Italy
| | - Manuela Ceccarelli
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology; National Research Council; Fondazione S.Lucia Rome Italy
| | - Stefano Farioli-Vecchioli
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology; National Research Council; Fondazione S.Lucia Rome Italy
| | - Felice Tirone
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology; National Research Council; Fondazione S.Lucia Rome Italy
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16
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Mao B, Xiao H, Zhang Z, Wang D, Wang G. MicroRNA‑21 regulates the expression of BTG2 in HepG2 liver cancer cells. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:4917-24. [PMID: 26151427 PMCID: PMC4581755 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
B-cell translocation gene 2 (BTG2) is a tumor suppressor gene, which belongs to the anti-proliferation gene family. Our previous study demonstrated that microRNA (miR)-21 and the expression of BTG2 were negatively correlated during hepatocarcinogenesis. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of miR-21 on the growth and progression of liver cancer cells, and to determine the underlying mechanism. A luciferase reporter assay was used to demonstrate that the BTG2 gene was a direct target of miR-21. In addition, the effects of miR-21 on cell growth and gene expression in HepG2 human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells were analyzed using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction, western blotting, an MTT assay, flow cytometry, a Transwell invasion assay and a wound healing assay. The expression levels of miR-21 in the HepG2 cells were significantly higher, compared with those in L02 normal liver cells. The expression levels of BTG2 in liver cancer cell lines (HepG2 and Huh7) were significantly lower, compared with that in the L02 cells. These results suggested that BTG2 was the direct target gene of miR-21. The protein expression levels of BTG2 were inhibited by high expression levels of miR-21, and increased by inhibition of the expression of miR-21 in the HepG2 cells. Inhibition of miR-21 reduced cell proliferation and invasion, and increased the rate of apoptosis in the HepG2 cells. These results indicated that miR-21 regulates cell proliferation, invasion, migration and apoptosis in HepG2 cells, which may be associated with its effects on the expression of BTG2. The results of the present study may provide a basis for targeting the miR-21/BTG2 interaction for the treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bijing Mao
- Cancer Center, Institute of Surgical Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, P.R. China
| | - He Xiao
- Cancer Center, Institute of Surgical Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, P.R. China
| | - Zhimin Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Wuhan General Hospital of Guangzhou Command, People's Liberation Army, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, P.R. China
| | - Dong Wang
- Cancer Center, Institute of Surgical Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, P.R. China
| | - Ge Wang
- Cancer Center, Institute of Surgical Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, P.R. China
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17
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Comparative Analysis of Whole-Genome Gene Expression Changes in Cultured Human Embryonic Stem Cells in Response to Low, Clinical Diagnostic Relevant, and High Doses of Ionizing Radiation Exposure. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:14737-48. [PMID: 26133243 PMCID: PMC4519869 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160714737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2015] [Revised: 05/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The biological effects of low-dose ionizing radiation (LDIR) exposure in humans are not comprehensively understood, generating a high degree of controversy in published literature. The earliest stages of human development are known to be among the most sensitive to stress exposures, especially genotoxic stresses. However, the risks stemming from exposure to LDIR, particularly within the clinical diagnostic relevant dose range, have not been directly evaluated in human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). Here, we describe the dynamics of the whole genome transcriptional responses of different hESC lines to both LDIR and, as a reference, high-dose IR (HDIR). We found that even doses as low as 0.05 Gy could trigger statistically significant transient changes in a rather limited subset of genes in all hESCs lines examined. Gene expression signatures of hESCs exposed to IR appear to be highly dose-, time-, and cell line-dependent. We identified 50 genes constituting consensus gene expression signature as an early response to HDIR across all lines of hESC examined. We observed substantial differences in biological pathways affected by either LDIR or HDIR in hESCs, suggesting that the molecular mechanisms underpinning the responses of hESC may fundamentally differ depending on radiation doses.
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18
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Jetten MJA, Ruiz-Aracama A, Coonen MLJ, Claessen SM, van Herwijnen MHM, Lommen A, van Delft JHM, Peijnenburg AACM, Kleinjans JCS. Interindividual variation in gene expression responses and metabolite formation in acetaminophen-exposed primary human hepatocytes. Arch Toxicol 2015; 90:1103-15. [PMID: 26104854 PMCID: PMC4830893 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-015-1545-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Acetaminophen (APAP) is a readily available over-the-counter drug and is one of the most commonly used analgesics/antipyretics worldwide. Large interindividual variation in susceptibility toward APAP-induced liver failure has been reported. However, the exact underlying factors causing this variability in susceptibility are still largely unknown. The aim of this study was to better understand this variability in response to APAP by evaluating interindividual differences in gene expression changes and APAP metabolite formation in primary human hepatocytes (PHH) from several donors (n = 5) exposed in vitro to a non-toxic to toxic APAP dose range. To evaluate interindividual variation, gene expression data/levels of metabolites were plotted against APAP dose/donor. The correlation in APAP dose response between donors was calculated by comparing data points from one donor to the data points of all other donors using a Pearson-based correlation analysis. From that, a correlation score/donor for each gene/metabolite was defined, representing the similarity of the omics response to APAP in PHH of a particular donor to all other donors. The top 1 % highest variable genes were selected for further evaluation using gene set overrepresentation analysis. The biological processes in which the genes with high interindividual variation in expression were involved include liver regeneration, inflammatory responses, mitochondrial stress responses, hepatocarcinogenesis, cell cycle, and drug efficacy. Additionally, the interindividual variation in the expression of these genes could be associated with the variability in expression levels of hydroxyl/methoxy-APAP and C8H13O5N-APAP-glucuronide. The before-mentioned metabolites or their derivatives have also been reported in blood of humans exposed to therapeutic APAP doses. Possibly these findings can contribute to elucidating the causative factors of interindividual susceptibility toward APAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlon J A Jetten
- Department of Toxicogenomics, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, Room 4.112 UNS 50, 6229 ER, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Ainhoa Ruiz-Aracama
- RIKILT, Institute of Food Safety, Wageningen UR, PO Box 230, 6700 AE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten L J Coonen
- Department of Toxicogenomics, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, Room 4.112 UNS 50, 6229 ER, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Sandra M Claessen
- Department of Toxicogenomics, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, Room 4.112 UNS 50, 6229 ER, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel H M van Herwijnen
- Department of Toxicogenomics, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, Room 4.112 UNS 50, 6229 ER, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Arjen Lommen
- RIKILT, Institute of Food Safety, Wageningen UR, PO Box 230, 6700 AE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Joost H M van Delft
- Department of Toxicogenomics, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, Room 4.112 UNS 50, 6229 ER, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ad A C M Peijnenburg
- RIKILT, Institute of Food Safety, Wageningen UR, PO Box 230, 6700 AE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jos C S Kleinjans
- Department of Toxicogenomics, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, Room 4.112 UNS 50, 6229 ER, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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19
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Morettin A, Baldwin RM, Cote J. Arginine methyltransferases as novel therapeutic targets for breast cancer. Mutagenesis 2015; 30:177-89. [DOI: 10.1093/mutage/geu039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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20
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MAO BIJING, ZHANG ZHIMIN, WANG GE. BTG2: A rising star of tumor suppressors (Review). Int J Oncol 2014; 46:459-64. [DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2014.2765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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21
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Yong KJ, Milenic DE, Baidoo KE, Brechbiel MW. Impact of α-targeted radiation therapy on gene expression in a pre-clinical model for disseminated peritoneal disease when combined with paclitaxel. PLoS One 2014; 9:e108511. [PMID: 25268703 PMCID: PMC4182481 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0108511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
To better understand the molecular basis of the enhanced cell killing effected by the combined modality of paclitaxel and ²¹²Pb-trastuzumab (Pac/²¹²Pb-trastuzumab), gene expression in LS-174T i.p. xenografts was investigated 24 h after treatment. Employing a real time quantitative PCR array (qRT-PCR array), 84 DNA damage response genes were quantified. Differentially expressed genes following therapy with Pac/²¹²Pb-trastuzumab included those involved in apoptosis (BRCA1, CIDEA, GADD45α, GADD45γ, GML, IP6K3, PCBP4, PPP1R15A, RAD21, and p73), cell cycle (BRCA1, CHK1, CHK2, GADD45α, GML, GTSE1, NBN, PCBP4, PPP1R15A, RAD9A, and SESN1), and damaged DNA repair (ATRX, BTG2, EXO1, FEN1, IGHMBP2, OGG1, MSH2, MUTYH, NBN, PRKDC, RAD21, and p73). This report demonstrates that the increased stressful growth arrest conditions induced by the Pac/²¹²Pb-trastuzumab treatment suppresses cell proliferation through the regulation of genes which are involved in apoptosis and damaged DNA repair including single and double strand DNA breaks. Furthermore, the study demonstrates that ²¹²Pb-trastuzumab potentiation of cell killing efficacy results from the perturbation of genes related to the mitotic spindle checkpoint and BASC (BRCA1-associated genome surveillance complex), suggesting cross-talk between DNA damage repair and the spindle damage response.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins/genetics
- Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins/metabolism
- Cell Cycle Proteins/genetics
- Cell Cycle Proteins/metabolism
- Colonic Neoplasms/genetics
- Colonic Neoplasms/metabolism
- Colonic Neoplasms/pathology
- Colonic Neoplasms/therapy
- Combined Modality Therapy
- DNA Breaks, Double-Stranded/drug effects
- DNA Breaks, Double-Stranded/radiation effects
- DNA Breaks, Single-Stranded/drug effects
- DNA Breaks, Single-Stranded/radiation effects
- DNA Repair Enzymes/genetics
- DNA Repair Enzymes/metabolism
- Drug Evaluation, Preclinical
- Female
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Injections, Intraperitoneal
- Lead Radioisotopes
- Mice
- Mice, Nude
- Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis
- Paclitaxel/pharmacology
- Peritoneal Neoplasms/genetics
- Peritoneal Neoplasms/metabolism
- Peritoneal Neoplasms/pathology
- Peritoneal Neoplasms/therapy
- Radioimmunotherapy/methods
- Trastuzumab
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwon Joong Yong
- Radioimmune & Inorganic Chemistry Section, Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Diane E. Milenic
- Radioimmune & Inorganic Chemistry Section, Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Kwamena E. Baidoo
- Radioimmune & Inorganic Chemistry Section, Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Martin W. Brechbiel
- Radioimmune & Inorganic Chemistry Section, Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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22
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Abstract
The last one and half a decade witnessed an outstanding re-emergence of attention and remarkable progress in the field of protein methylation. In the present article, we describe the early discoveries in research and review the role protein methylation played in the biological function of the antiproliferative gene, BTG2/TIS21/PC3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woon Ki Paik
- Professor Emeritus, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sangduk Kim
- Professor Emeritus, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - In Kyoung Lim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
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Effects of low doses of ionizing radiation exposures on stress-responsive gene expression in human embryonic stem cells. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:588-604. [PMID: 24398983 PMCID: PMC3907827 DOI: 10.3390/ijms15010588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2013] [Revised: 12/25/2013] [Accepted: 12/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a great deal of uncertainty on how low (≤0.1 Gy) doses of ionizing radiation (IR) affect human cells, partly due to a lack of suitable experimental model systems for such studies. The uncertainties arising from low-dose IR human data undermine practical societal needs to predict health risks emerging from diagnostic medical tests’ radiation, natural background radiation, and environmental radiological accidents. To eliminate a variability associated with remarkable differences in radioresponses of hundreds of differentiated cell types, we established a novel, human embryonic stem cell (hESC)-based model to examine the radiobiological effects in human cells. Our aim is to comprehensively elucidate the gene expression changes in a panel of various hESC lines following low IR doses of 0.01; 0.05; 0.1 Gy; and, as a reference, relatively high dose of 1 Gy of IR. Here, we examined the dynamics of transcriptional changes of well-established IR-responsive set of genes, including CDKN1A, GADD45A, etc. at 2 and 16 h post-IR, representing “early” and “late” radioresponses of hESCs. Our findings suggest the temporal- and hESC line-dependence of stress gene radioresponses with no statistically significant evidence for a linear dose-response relationship within the lowest doses of IR exposures.
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TIS21(/BTG2/PC3) inhibits interleukin-6 expression via downregulation of STAT3 pathway. Cell Signal 2013; 25:2391-9. [PMID: 23917204 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2013.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2013] [Accepted: 07/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cell growth was increased when co-cultured with fibroblasts, however, no effect was observed when co-cultured with TIS21-overexpressed fibroblast. Therefore, the role of TIS21 played in cancer microenvironment was investigated. TIS21 decreased interleukin-6 (IL-6) expression in human dermal fibroblast (HDF). Adenoviral transduction of TIS21 gene to HDF decreased the secretion of IL-6, whereas knockdown of the gene increased IL-6 expression. Furthermore, TIS21 overexpression inhibited STAT3 binding to IL-6 promoter region as well as JAK2-STAT3 signaling by inhibiting reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation by being localized in mitochondria. Mitochondria-target TIS21 (MT-TIS21) also inhibited IL-6 expression by downregulating STAT3 phosphorylation, whereas NF-κB pathway was not influenced by TIS21 expression. These results indicate that TIS21 negatively regulated cancer cell growth by inhibiting IL-6 expression through downregulation of STAT3 activation.
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Imran M, Lim IK. Regulation of Btg2(/TIS21/PC3) expression via reactive oxygen species-protein kinase C-ΝFκΒ pathway under stress conditions. Cell Signal 2013; 25:2400-12. [PMID: 23876794 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2013.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2013] [Revised: 07/03/2013] [Accepted: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Human B-cell translocation gene 2 (BTG2), an ortholog of mouse TIS21 (12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate inducible sequence 21) and rat PC3 (Pheochromocytoma Cell 3), is a tumor suppressor gene that belongs to an antiproliferative gene family. Btg2 is involved in a variety of biological processes including cell growth, development, differentiation, senescence, and cell death and its expression is strongly regulated by p53. Recently, we have reported transient induction of Btg2 expression in response to oxidative damage; however, the regulatory mechanism was not explored. In the present study we revealed ΝFκΒ as the upstream mediator involved in Btg2 transcription in response to cell stress challenges such as serum deprivation and oxidative stress i.e. H2O2, TPA or doxorubicin treatments in several cell lines. We observed close interrelation between generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), enhanced IκBα degradation, nuclear translocation of ΝFκΒ (p65/RelA) and the significant increase of Btg2 expression independent of p53 status. ChIP analysis revealed an enrichment of RelA (p65) bound to the κB response element on Btg2 promoter in response to the cell stress challenges. Employing various inhibitors led to cytoplasmic accumulation of IκBα, decreased p65 nuclear translocation along with significant reduction of Btg2 expression. Generation of ROS was the common event mediating ΝFκΒ activation and Btg2 transcription. Furthermore, PKC activation was also found to be a critical factor mediating ROS-mediated signals to NFκB pathway that culminate on Btg2 regulation, and specifically PKC-δ was responsible for this regulation under oxidative stress. However, serum deprivation-associated ROS generation bypassed PKC activation for induction of Btg2 expression via NFκB activation. The present data imply that oxidative stress upregulates Btg2 expression via ROS-PKC-ΝFκΒ cascade, independent of p53 status that in turn could be involved in mediating various biological phenotypes depending on the cellular context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Imran
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, BK21 Cell Transformation and Restoration Project, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 443-721, Republic of Korea
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Wang G, Zhang ZM. Molecular mechanisms underlying the development of hepatocellular carcinoma and molecular targeted therapy. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2013; 21:1791-1796. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v21.i19.1791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma is one of the most common malignant tumors worldwide and remains one of leading causes of death from cancer in China. Hepatocarcinogenesis is a complex process associated with many environmental risk factors, including cellular and molecular signaling pathways, oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes, and the differentiation of cancer stem cells. Molecular targeted therapy is a new approach to the treatment of liver cancer. The main mechanism of therapy is a type of medication that blocks the growth of cancer cells by interfering with specific targeted molecules needed for carcinogenesis and tumor growth, which can enhance the specificity and selectivity of the treatment. In this review, we discuss recent advances in the understanding of molecular mechanisms underlying the development of HCC and in the development of novel cancer therapeutics.
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