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Rahman M, Akter K, Ahmed KR, Fahim MMH, Aktary N, Park MN, Shin SW, Kim B. Synergistic Strategies for Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer: Targeting AR-V7, Exploring Natural Compounds, and Optimizing FDA-Approved Therapies. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:2777. [PMID: 39199550 PMCID: PMC11352813 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16162777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/03/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) remains a significant therapeutic challenge due to its resistance to standard androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). The emergence of androgen receptor splice variant 7 (AR-V7) has been implicated in CRPC progression, contributing to treatment resistance. Current treatments, including first-generation chemotherapy, androgen receptor blockers, radiation therapy, immune therapy, and PARP inhibitors, often come with substantial side effects and limited efficacy. Natural compounds, particularly those derived from herbal medicine, have garnered increasing interest as adjunctive therapeutic agents against CRPC. This review explores the role of AR-V7 in CRPC and highlights the promising benefits of natural compounds as complementary treatments to conventional drugs in reducing CRPC and overcoming therapeutic resistance. We delve into the mechanisms of action underlying the anti-CRPC effects of natural compounds, showcasing their potential to enhance therapeutic outcomes while mitigating the side effects associated with conventional therapies. The exploration of natural compounds offers promising avenues for developing novel treatment strategies that enhance therapeutic outcomes and reduce the adverse effects of conventional CRPC therapies. These compounds provide a safer, more effective approach to managing CRPC, representing a significant advancement in improving patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muntajin Rahman
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; (M.R.); (K.R.A.); (M.M.H.F.); (N.A.); (M.N.P.)
| | - Khadija Akter
- Department of Plasma Bio Display, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea;
| | - Kazi Rejvee Ahmed
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; (M.R.); (K.R.A.); (M.M.H.F.); (N.A.); (M.N.P.)
| | - Md. Maharub Hossain Fahim
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; (M.R.); (K.R.A.); (M.M.H.F.); (N.A.); (M.N.P.)
| | - Nahida Aktary
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; (M.R.); (K.R.A.); (M.M.H.F.); (N.A.); (M.N.P.)
| | - Moon Nyeo Park
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; (M.R.); (K.R.A.); (M.M.H.F.); (N.A.); (M.N.P.)
| | - Sang-Won Shin
- Department of Humanities & Social Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, 49 Busandaehak-ro, Mulgeum-eup, Yangsan-si 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Bonglee Kim
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; (M.R.); (K.R.A.); (M.M.H.F.); (N.A.); (M.N.P.)
- Department of Plasma Bio Display, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea;
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Varaprasad GL, Gupta VK, Prasad K, Kim E, Tej MB, Mohanty P, Verma HK, Raju GSR, Bhaskar L, Huh YS. Recent advances and future perspectives in the therapeutics of prostate cancer. Exp Hematol Oncol 2023; 12:80. [PMID: 37740236 PMCID: PMC10517568 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-023-00444-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PC) is one of the most common cancers in males and the fifth leading reason of death. Age, ethnicity, family history, and genetic defects are major factors that determine the aggressiveness and lethality of PC. The African population is at the highest risk of developing high-grade PC. It can be challenging to distinguish between low-risk and high-risk patients due to the slow progression of PC. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is a revolutionary discovery for the identification of PC. However, it has led to an increase in over diagnosis and over treatment of PC in the past few decades. Even if modifications are made to the standard PSA testing, the specificity has not been found to be significant. Our understanding of PC genetics and proteomics has improved due to advances in different fields. New serum, urine, and tissue biomarkers, such as PC antigen 3 (PCA3), have led to various new diagnostic tests, such as the prostate health index, 4K score, and PCA3. These tests significantly reduce the number of unnecessary and repeat biopsies performed. Chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and prostatectomy are standard treatment options. However, newer novel hormone therapy drugs with a better response have been identified. Androgen deprivation and hormonal therapy are evolving as new and better options for managing hormone-sensitive and castration-resistant PC. This review aimed to highlight and discuss epidemiology, various risk factors, and developments in PC diagnosis and treatment regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganji Lakshmi Varaprasad
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Biohybrid Systems Research Center (BSRC), Inha University, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Vivek Kumar Gupta
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Biohybrid Systems Research Center (BSRC), Inha University, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Kiran Prasad
- Department of Zoology, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, India
| | - Eunsu Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Biohybrid Systems Research Center (BSRC), Inha University, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Mandava Bhuvan Tej
- Department of Health Care Informatics, Sacred Heart University, 5151 Park Avenue, Fair Fields, CT, 06825, USA
| | - Pratik Mohanty
- Department of Zoology, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, India
| | - Henu Kumar Verma
- Department of Immunopathology, Institute of Lungs Health and Immunity, Helmholtz Zentrum, 85764, Neuherberg, Munich, Germany
| | - Ganji Seeta Rama Raju
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul, 04620, Republic of Korea.
| | - Lvks Bhaskar
- Department of Zoology, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur, India.
| | - Yun Suk Huh
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Biohybrid Systems Research Center (BSRC), Inha University, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea.
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Kaur M, Kaur M, Bandopadhyay T, Sharma A, Priya A, Singh A, Banerjee B. Naturally occurring, natural product inspired and synthetic heterocyclic anti-cancer drugs. PHYSICAL SCIENCES REVIEWS 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/psr-2022-0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
This chapter describes the importance and activity of a huge number of commercially available naturally occurring, natural product derived or synthetic heterocyclic anti-cancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manmeet Kaur
- Department of Chemistry , Akal University , Talwandi Sabo , Bathinda , Punjab 151302 , India
| | - Mandeep Kaur
- Department of Chemistry , Akal University , Talwandi Sabo , Bathinda , Punjab 151302 , India
| | - Tania Bandopadhyay
- Completed MBBS from North Bengal Medical College and Hospital , Darjeeling , West Bengal , Pin-734432 , India
| | - Aditi Sharma
- Department of Chemistry , Akal University , Talwandi Sabo , Bathinda , Punjab 151302 , India
| | - Anu Priya
- Department of Chemistry , Akal University , Talwandi Sabo , Bathinda , Punjab 151302 , India
| | - Arvind Singh
- Department of Chemistry , Akal University , Talwandi Sabo , Bathinda , Punjab 151302 , India
| | - Bubun Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry , Akal University , Talwandi Sabo , Bathinda , Punjab 151302 , India
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Topomer-CoMFA proposed as a tool to construct dual EGFR/HER-2 models. J Mol Model 2021; 27:239. [PMID: 34363097 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-021-04852-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Protein kinases (in this case, HER-2 and EGFR) are involved in cancer-related diseases. Some reports have shown unique CoMFA models using the sum of activities expressed as pIC50 (-log IC50), as the classical CoMFA technique would not be the best strategy to construct models for multitarget therapy considering that the molecular alignment will not be the same for different targets. An alternative for this problem is the use of Topomer-CoMFA, a variation of CoMFA, which does not require the alignment step in the generation of 3D models. In this study, we propose the combined use of the sum of activities and Topomer-CoMFA for the construction of a unique dual 3D model considering the inhibitory activities against EGFR and HER-2. For this, 88 compounds from the literature were divided into two groups: training (71) and test (17) sets. The biological activity of each compound, expressed as IC50 for EGFR and HER-2, was transformed into pIC50, summed, and used as the dependent variable in the Topomer-CoMFA analyses. The obtained model was considered statistically robust in the prediction of the dual activity of new compounds. Finally, based on the obtained model, we proposed structural modifications to some of the compounds used to improve the biological data. From the 3D model, we suggested new derivative compounds with improved biological activity for both targets. Therefore, the combination of the techniques proposed in this study proves to be a good strategy to construct better statistical models that can predict biological activities in multitarget systems.
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Sun M, Zhou Y, Zhuo X, Wang S, Jiang S, Peng Z, Kang K, Zheng X, Sun M. Design, Synthesis and Cytotoxicity Evaluation of Novel Indole Derivatives Containing Benzoic Acid Group as Potential AKR1C3 Inhibitors. Chem Biodivers 2020; 17:e2000519. [PMID: 33111427 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202000519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) is a fatal, metastatic form of prostate cancer, characterized by reactivation of the androgen axis. Aldo-keto reductase 1C3 (AKR1C3) converts androstenedione (AD) and 5α-androstanedione to testosterone (T) and 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT), respectively. In CRPC, AKR1C3 is upregulated and implicated in drug resistance and has been regarded as a potential therapeutic target. Here we examined a series of indole derivatives containing benzoic acid or phenylhydroxamic acid and found that 4-({3-[(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)sulfanyl]-1H-indol-1-yl}methyl)benzoic acid (3e) and N-hydroxy-4-({3-[(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)sulfanyl]-1H-indol-1-yl}methyl)benzamide (3q) inhibited 22Rv1 cell proliferation with IC50 values of 6.37 μM and 2.72 μM, respectively. In enzymatic assay, compounds 3e and 3q exhibited potent inhibitory effect against AKR1C3 (IC50 =0.26 and 2.39 μM, respectively). These results indicated that compounds 3e and 3q might be useful leads for further investigation of more potential AKR1C3 inhibitors used for CRPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjiao Sun
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, P. R. China.,Institute of Cancer, Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, 310002, P. R. China
| | - Yi Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, P. R. China
| | - Xuefang Zhuo
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, P. R. China
| | - Sheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, P. R. China
| | - Shisheng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, P. R. China
| | - Zhihuan Peng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, P. R. China
| | - Ke Kang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, P. R. China
| | - Xuehua Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, P. R. China
| | - Mingna Sun
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, P. R. China
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Wani TA, Alsaif N, Bakheit AH, Zargar S, Al-Mehizia AA, Khan AA. Interaction of an abiraterone with calf thymus DNA: Investigation with spectroscopic technique and modelling studies. Bioorg Chem 2020; 100:103957. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.103957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Nucleolin represses transcription of the androgen receptor gene through a G-quadruplex. Oncotarget 2020; 11:1758-1776. [PMID: 32477465 PMCID: PMC7233804 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The androgen receptor (AR) is a major driver of prostate cancer development and progression. Men who develop advanced prostate cancer often have long-term cancer control when treated with androgen-deprivation therapies (ADT). Still, their disease inevitably becomes resistant to ADT and progresses to castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). ADT involves potent competitive AR antagonists and androgen synthesis inhibitors. Resistance to these types of treatments emerges, primarily through the maintenance of AR signaling by ligand-independent activation mechanisms. There is a need to find better ways to block AR to overcome CRPC. In the findings reported here, we demonstrate that the nuclear scaffold protein, nucleolin (NCL), suppresses the expression of AR. NCL binds to a G-rich region in the AR promoter that forms a G-quadruplex (G4) structure. Binding of NCL to this G4-element is required for NCL to suppress AR expression, specifically in AR-expressing tumor cells. Compounds that stabilize G4 structures require NCL to associate with the G4-element of the AR promoter in order to decrease AR expression. A newly discovered G4 compound that suppresses AR expression demonstrates selective killing of AR-expressing tumor cells, including CRPC lines. Our findings raise the significant possibility that G4-stabilizing drugs can be used to increase NCL transcriptional repressor activity to block AR expression in prostate cancer. Our studies contribute to a clearer understanding of the mechanisms that control AR expression, which could be exploited to overcome CRPC.
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Xu Z, Ma T, Zhou J, Gao W, Li Y, Yu S, Wang Y, Chan FL. Nuclear receptor ERRα contributes to castration-resistant growth of prostate cancer via its regulation of intratumoral androgen biosynthesis. Theranostics 2020; 10:4201-4216. [PMID: 32226548 PMCID: PMC7086365 DOI: 10.7150/thno.35589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Enhanced intratumoral androgen biosynthesis and persistent androgen receptor (AR) signaling are key factors responsible for the relapse growth of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Residual intraprostatic androgens can be produced by de novo synthesis of androgens from cholesterol or conversion from adrenal androgens by steroidogenic enzymes expressed in prostate cancer cells via different steroidogenic pathways. However, the dysregulation of androgen biosynthetic enzymes in CRPC still remains poorly understood. This study aims to elucidate the role of the nuclear receptor, estrogen-related receptor alpha (ERRα, ESRRA), in the promotion of androgen biosynthesis in CRPC growth. Methods: ERRα expression in CRPC patients was analyzed using Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets and validated in established CRPC xenograft model. The roles of ERRα in the promotion of castration-resistant growth were elucidated by overexpression and knockdown studies and the intratumoral androgen levels were measured by UPLC-MS/MS. The effect of suppression of ERRα activity in the potentiation of sensitivity to androgen-deprivation was determined using an ERRα inverse agonist. Results: ERRα exhibited an increased expression in metastatic CRPC and CRPC xenograft model, could act to promote castration-resistant growth via direct transactivation of two key androgen synthesis enzymes CYP11A1 and AKR1C3, and hence enhance intraprostatic production of dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and activation of AR signaling in prostate cancer cells. Notably, inhibition of ERRα activity by an inverse agonist XCT790 could reduce the DHT production and suppress AR signaling in prostate cancer cells. Conclusion: Our study reveals a new role of ERRα in the intratumoral androgen biosynthesis in CRPC via its transcriptional control of steroidogenic enzymes, and also provides a novel insight that targeting ERRα could be a potential androgen-deprivation strategy for the management of CRPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Xu
- Precision Medicine Centre, Yijishan Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui Province, PR China
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Taiyang Ma
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jianfu Zhou
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weijie Gao
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Youjia Li
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shan Yu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yuliang Wang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Franky Leung Chan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Barbosa EJ, Löbenberg R, de Araujo GLB, Bou-Chacra NA. Niclosamide repositioning for treating cancer: Challenges and nano-based drug delivery opportunities. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2019; 141:58-69. [PMID: 31078739 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2019.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Drug repositioning may be defined as a process when new biological effects for known drugs are identified, leading to recommendations for new therapeutic applications. Niclosamide, present in the Model List of Essential Medicines, from the World Health Organization, has been used since the 1960s for tapeworm infection. Several preclinical studies have been shown its impressive anticancer effects, which led to clinical trials for colon and prostate cancer. Despite high expectations, proof of efficacy and safety are still required, which are associated with diverse biopharmaceutical challenges, such as the physicochemical properties of the drug and its oral absorption, and their relationship with clinical outcomes. Nanostructured systems are innovative drug delivery strategies, which may provide interesting pharmaceutical advantages for this candidate. The aim of this review is to discuss challenges involving niclosamide repositioning for cancer diseases, and the opportunities of therapeutic benefits from nanosctrutured system formulations containing this compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo José Barbosa
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Raimar Löbenberg
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - Nádia Araci Bou-Chacra
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Nongthombam GS, Borah K, Muinao T, Silla Y, Pal M, Deka Boruah HP, Boruah RC. Synthesis of D-Ring Annulated Pyridosteroids from β-Formyl Enamides and Their Biological Evaluations. ACS COMBINATORIAL SCIENCE 2019; 21:11-27. [PMID: 30576125 DOI: 10.1021/acscombsci.8b00140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report the synthesis of a novel class of substituted androst[17,16- b]pyridines (pyridosteroids) from the reaction of β-formyl enamides with alkynes in high yields. The optimized reaction protocol was extended to acyclic and cyclic β-formyl enamides to afford nonsteroidal pyridines. Cell survival assay of all compounds were carried against prostate cancer PC-3 cells wherein 3-hydroxy-5-en-2',3'-dicarbethoxy-androst[17,16- b]pyridine showed the highest cytotoxic activity. Phase contrast microscopy and flow cytometry studies exhibited marked morphological features characteristic of apoptosis in 3-hydroxy-5-en-2',3'-dicarbethoxy-androst[17,16- b]pyridine and abiraterone treated PC-3 cells. The treatment of 3-hydroxy-5-en-2',3'-dicarbethoxy-androst[17,16- b]pyridine induces G2/M phase cell cycle arrest in prostate cancer PC-3 cells. Enhancement of apoptotic inductions of PC-3 cells by 3-hydroxy-5-en-2',3'-dicarbethoxy-androst[17,16- b]pyridine and abiraterone through the activation of caspases-6, -7, and -8 pathways were supported by qRT-PCR. In silico study of the compound 3-hydroxy-5-en-2',3'-dicarbethoxy-androst[17,16- b]pyridine showed stable and promising interaction with the key caspase proteins. Our studies revealed that the pyridosteroid 3-hydroxy-5-en-2',3'-dicarbethoxy-androst[17,16- b]pyridine, bearing pyridine-2,3-dicarbethoxy pharmacophore, facilitated initiation of caspase-8 and activates downstream effectors caspase-6 and caspase-7 and thereby triggering apoptosis of PC-3 cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geetmani Singh Nongthombam
- Chemical Science and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science & Technology, Jorhat, Assam, India 785006
| | - Kasmika Borah
- Biological Science and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science & Technology, Jorhat, Assam, India 785006
| | - Thingreila Muinao
- Biological Science and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science & Technology, Jorhat, Assam, India 785006
| | - Yumnam Silla
- Biological Science and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science & Technology, Jorhat, Assam, India 785006
| | - Mintu Pal
- Biological Science and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science & Technology, Jorhat, Assam, India 785006
| | - Hari Prasanna Deka Boruah
- Biological Science and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science & Technology, Jorhat, Assam, India 785006
| | - Romesh Chandra Boruah
- Chemical Science and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science & Technology, Jorhat, Assam, India 785006
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11
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Systemic Treatment of Castration-Resistant Metastatic Prostate Cancer. Urol Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-42603-7_76-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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12
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Pezaro C, Qu L, Davis ID. Systemic Treatment of Castration-Resistant Metastatic Prostate Cancer. Urol Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-42623-5_76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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13
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Nguyen EV, Centenera MM, Moldovan M, Das R, Irani S, Vincent AD, Chan H, Horvath LG, Lynn DJ, Daly RJ, Butler LM. Identification of Novel Response and Predictive Biomarkers to Hsp90 Inhibitors Through Proteomic Profiling of Patient-derived Prostate Tumor Explants. Mol Cell Proteomics 2018; 17:1470-1486. [PMID: 29632047 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.ra118.000633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of the heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) chaperone is a promising therapeutic strategy to target expression of the androgen receptor (AR) and other oncogenic drivers in prostate cancer cells. However, identification of clinically-relevant responses and predictive biomarkers is essential to maximize efficacy and treatment personalization. Here, we combined mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomic analyses with a unique patient-derived explant (PDE) model that retains the complex microenvironment of primary prostate tumors. Independent discovery and validation cohorts of PDEs (n = 16 and 30, respectively) were cultured in the absence or presence of Hsp90 inhibitors AUY922 or 17-AAG. PDEs were analyzed by LC-MS/MS with a hyper-reaction monitoring data independent acquisition (HRM-DIA) workflow, and differentially expressed proteins identified using repeated measure analysis of variance (ANOVA; raw p value <0.01). Using gene set enrichment, we found striking conservation of the most significantly AUY922-altered gene pathways between the discovery and validation cohorts, indicating that our experimental and analysis workflows were robust. Eight proteins were selectively altered across both cohorts by the most potent inhibitor, AUY922, including TIMP1, SERPINA3 and CYP51A (adjusted p < 0.01). The AUY922-mediated decrease in secretory TIMP1 was validated by ELISA of the PDE culture medium. We next exploited the heterogeneous response of PDEs to 17-AAG in order to detect predictive biomarkers of response and identified PCBP3 as a marker with increased expression in PDEs that had no response or increased in proliferation. Also, 17-AAG treatment led to increased expression of DNAJA1 in PDEs that exhibited a cytostatic response, revealing potential drug resistance mechanisms. This selective regulation of DNAJA1 was validated by Western blot analysis. Our study establishes "proof-of-principle" that proteomic profiling of drug-treated PDEs represents an effective and clinically-relevant strategy for identification of biomarkers that associate with certain tumor-specific responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth V Nguyen
- From the ‡Cancer Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.,§Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Margaret M Centenera
- ¶Adelaide Medical School and Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men's Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia.,‖South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
| | - Max Moldovan
- ‖South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
| | - Rajdeep Das
- ¶Adelaide Medical School and Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men's Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Swati Irani
- ¶Adelaide Medical School and Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men's Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia.,‖South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
| | - Andrew D Vincent
- ¶Adelaide Medical School and Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men's Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Howard Chan
- From the ‡Cancer Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.,§Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Lisa G Horvath
- **Cancer Division, The Kinghorn Cancer Centre/Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Australia.,‡‡Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, New South Wales 2050, Australia.,§§Department of Medical Oncology, Chris O'Brien Lifehouse, Camperdown, New South Wales 2050, Australia
| | - David J Lynn
- ‖South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia.,¶¶School of Medicine, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia
| | - Roger J Daly
- From the ‡Cancer Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia; .,§Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Lisa M Butler
- ¶Adelaide Medical School and Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men's Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia.,‖South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
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14
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Systemic Treatment of Castration-Resistant Metastatic Prostate Cancer. Urol Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-42603-7_76-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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15
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Sun XL, Kido T, Honma S, Koh E, Okamoto R, Manh HD, Maruzeni S, Nishijo M, Nakagawa H, Nakano T, Takasuga T, Nhu DD, Hung NN, Son LK. The relationship between dioxins exposure and risk of prostate cancer with steroid hormone and age in Vietnamese men. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 595:842-848. [PMID: 28412653 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Revised: 04/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Although Vietnam's massive herbicide exposure in 1960s and 1970s was clearly injurious to health, not all causal relationships have been clarified. We therefore explored associations among dioxins, steroid hormones, age and prostate cancer risk in men. We compared serum levels of dioxin, steroid hormones and prostate specific antigen (PSA) in men aged 56-81years from herbicide-exposed hotspots (n=50) with those from non-sprayed regions (n=48). Mean serum levels of dioxin congeners in the hotspot group were 1.5-11.3 times higher than the non-sprayed group depending on specific compound. Levels of testosterone, estradiol and 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β-HSD) activity in the hotspot group were also significantly higher than in non-sprayed group. Estradiol levels were significantly related to levels of several specific dioxin derivatives in both group. Significant positive correlations were also found between DHT and 1234678-HpCDD or 1234678-HpCDF; and between 3β-HSD activity and 123678-HxCDD, 123478-HxCDF, 123678-HxCDF, or HxCB#169. After adjusting for age, body mass index, and tobacco use, multiple linear regressions showed levels of dihydrotestosterone (DHT), estradiol, testosterone and 3β-HSD activity were not associated with dioxins in the two groups; however, levels of DHT, testosterone and 3β-HSD activity increased significantly with age in the hotspot group. The hotspot and non-sprayed groups did not significantly differ in PSA levels. But six of the hotspot subjects had PSA levels >3ng/mL, 3 of whom were suspected to have prostate cancer (PC) after digital rectal examination. Our findings suggest that dioxin exposure can lead to increased levels of several sex steroid hormones with age. The correlation of dioxin with steroid hormone levels and prostate cancer risk should be studied further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Liang Sun
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Jiaxing University, China; Division of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Japan
| | - Teruhiko Kido
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical, and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Japan.
| | - Seijiro Honma
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical, and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Japan
| | - Eitetsu Koh
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical, and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Japan
| | - Rie Okamoto
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical, and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Japan
| | - Ho Dung Manh
- Division of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Japan; Faculty of Pharmacy, Lac Hong University, Bien Hoa, Vietnam
| | - Shoko Maruzeni
- Department of Public Health, Kanazawa Medical University, Japan
| | - Muneko Nishijo
- Department of Public Health, Kanazawa Medical University, Japan
| | | | - Takeshi Nakano
- Center for Advanced Science and Innovation, Osaka University, Japan
| | | | - Dang Duc Nhu
- 10-80 Division, Hanoi Medical University, Vietnam
| | | | - Le Ke Son
- Environment Administration, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, Vietnam
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16
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Tian Y, Zhao L, Wang Y, Zhang H, Xu D, Zhao X, Li Y, Li J. Berberine inhibits androgen synthesis by interaction with aldo-keto reductase 1C3 in 22Rv1 prostate cancer cells. Asian J Androl 2017; 18:607-12. [PMID: 26698234 PMCID: PMC4955188 DOI: 10.4103/1008-682x.169997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C3 has recently been regarded as a potential therapeutic target in castrate-resistant prostate cancer. Herein, we investigated whether berberine delayed the progression of castrate-resistant prostate cancer by reducing androgen synthesis through the inhibition of Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C3. Cell viability and cellular testosterone content were measured in prostate cancer cells. Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C3 mRNA and protein level were detected by RT-PCR and Western bolt analyses, respectively. Computer analysis with AutoDock Tools explored the molecular interaction of berberine with Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C3. We found that berberine inhibited 22Rv1 cells proliferation and decreased cellular testosterone formation in a dose-dependent manner. Berberine inhibited Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C3 enzyme activity, rather than influenced mRNA and protein expressions. Molecular docking study demonstrated that berberine could enter the active center of Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C3 and form p-p interaction with the amino-acid residue Phe306 and Phe311. In conclusion, the structural interaction of berberine with Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C3 is attributed to the suppression of Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C3 enzyme activity and the inhibition of 22Rv1 prostate cancer cell growth by decreasing the intracellular androgen synthesis. Our result provides the experimental basis for the design, research, and development of AKR1C3 inhibitors using berberine as the lead compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuantong Tian
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medical Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130021; Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, China
| | - Lijing Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medical Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Ye Wang
- School of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Haitao Zhang
- Tulane Cancer Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue SL-79, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Duo Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medical Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Xuejian Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medical Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medical Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medical Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
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17
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Al-Masoudi NA, Kadhim RA, Abdul-Rida NA, Saeed BA, Engel M. New biaryl-chalcone derivatives of pregnenolone via Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction. Synthesis, CYP17 hydroxylase inhibition activity, QSAR, and molecular docking study. Steroids 2015; 101:43-50. [PMID: 26051784 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2015.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Revised: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A new class of steroids is being synthesized for its ability to prevent intratumoral androgen production by inhibiting the activity of CYP17 hydroxylase enzyme. The scheme involved the synthesis of chalcone derivative of pregnenolone 5 which was further modified to the corresponding biaryl-chalcone pregnenolone analogs 16-25 using Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction. The synthesized compounds were tested for activity using human CYP17α hydroxylase expressed in Escherichia coli. Compounds 21 was the most active inhibitor in this series, with IC50 values of 0.61μM and selectivity profile of 88.7% inhibition of hydroxylase enzyme. Molecular docking study of 21 was performed and showed the hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interaction with the amino acid residues of the active site of CYP17.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najim A Al-Masoudi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq.
| | - Rawaa A Kadhim
- Department of Chemistry, College of Education, University of Qadisiya, Qadisiya, Iraq
| | - Nabeel A Abdul-Rida
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Qadisiya, Qadisiya, Iraq
| | - Bahjat A Saeed
- Department of Chemistry, College of Education, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq
| | - Matthias Engel
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, Universität des Saarlandes, Saarbrücken, Germany
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18
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Al-Masoudi NA, Mahdi KM, Abdul-Rida NA, Saeed BA, Engel M. A new pregnenolone analogues as privileged scaffolds in inhibition of CYP17 hydroxylase enzyme. Synthesis and in silico molecular docking study. Steroids 2015; 100:52-9. [PMID: 25988615 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2015.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2015] [Revised: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A new series of 17-(N-(arylimino)-5-pregnen-3β-ol derivatives 19-32 as well as carboxylate and acrylate analogues of pregnenolone 37-40 were synthesized and evaluated for their inhibitory activity against human CYP17 hydroxylase expressed in Escherichia coli. Compounds 32 and 37 were the most potent analogues in this series, showing inhibition activity with IC50 = 2.11 and 1.29 μM, respectively. However, the analogue 37 revealed a better selectivity profile (83.21% inhibition of hydroxylase), which is a leading candidate for further development. Molecular docking study of 37 showed binding with the amino acid residues of CYP17 through hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najim A Al-Masoudi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq; Am Tannenhof 8, 78464 Konstanz, Germany.
| | - Kuthiar M Mahdi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Education, University of Qadisiya, Qadisiya, Iraq
| | - Nabeel A Abdul-Rida
- Department of Chemistry, College of Education, University of Qadisiya, Qadisiya, Iraq
| | - Bahjat A Saeed
- Department of Chemistry, College of Education, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq
| | - Mathias Engel
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, Universität des Saarlandes, Saarbrücken, Germany
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19
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Safi R, Nelson ER, Chitneni SK, Franz KJ, George DJ, Zalutsky MR, McDonnell DP. Copper signaling axis as a target for prostate cancer therapeutics. Cancer Res 2014; 74:5819-31. [PMID: 25320179 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-13-3527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Previously published reports indicate that serum copper levels are elevated in patients with prostate cancer and that increased copper uptake can be used as a means to image prostate tumors. It is unclear, however, to what extent copper is required for prostate cancer cell function as we observed only modest effects of chelation strategies on the growth of these cells in vitro. With the goal of exploiting prostate cancer cell proclivity for copper uptake, we developed a "conditional lethal" screen to identify compounds whose cytotoxic actions were manifested in a copper-dependent manner. Emerging from this screen was a series of dithiocarbamates, which, when complexed with copper, induced reactive oxygen species-dependent apoptosis of malignant, but not normal, prostate cells. One of the dithiocarbamates identified, disulfiram (DSF), is an FDA-approved drug that has previously yielded disappointing results in clinical trials in patients with recurrent prostate cancer. Similarly, in our studies, DSF alone had a minimal effect on the growth of prostate cancer tumors when propagated as xenografts. However, when DSF was coadministered with copper, a very dramatic inhibition of tumor growth in models of hormone-sensitive and of castrate-resistant disease was observed. Furthermore, we determined that prostate cancer cells express high levels of CTR1, the primary copper transporter, and additional chaperones that are required to maintain intracellular copper homeostasis. The expression levels of most of these proteins are increased further upon treatment of androgen receptor (AR)-positive prostate cancer cell lines with androgens. Not surprisingly, robust CTR1-dependent uptake of copper into prostate cancer cells was observed, an activity that was accentuated by activation of AR. Given these data linking AR to intracellular copper uptake, we believe that dithiocarbamate/copper complexes are likely to be effective for the treatment of patients with prostate cancer whose disease is resistant to classical androgen ablation therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachid Safi
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Erik R Nelson
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | | | | | - Daniel J George
- Divisions of Medical Oncology and Urology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | | | - Donald P McDonnell
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina.
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20
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Al-Masoudi NA, Ali DS, Saeed B, Hartmann RW, Engel M, Rashid S, Saeed A. New CYP17 Hydroxylase Inhibitors: Synthesis, Biological Evaluation, QSAR, and Molecular Docking Study of New Pregnenolone Analogs. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2014; 347:896-907. [DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201400255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Revised: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Najim A. Al-Masoudi
- Department of Chemistry; College of Science; University of Basrah; Basrah Iraq
| | - Dawood S. Ali
- Department of Chemistry; College of Science; University of Basrah; Basrah Iraq
| | - Bahjat Saeed
- Department of Chemistry; College of Education; University of Basrah; Basrah Iraq
| | - Rolf W. Hartmann
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie; Universität des Saarlandes; Saarbrücken Germany
| | - Matthias Engel
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie; Universität des Saarlandes; Saarbrücken Germany
| | - Sajid Rashid
- National Center for Bioinformatics; Quaid-i-Azam University; Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Aamer Saeed
- Department of Chemistry; Quaid-i-Azam University; Islamabad Pakistan
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21
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Menon R, Deng M, Rüenauver K, Queisser A, Peifer M, Pfeifer M, Offermann A, Boehm D, Vogel W, Scheble V, Fend F, Kristiansen G, Wernert N, Oberbeckmann N, Biskup S, Rubin MA, Adler D, Perner S. Somatic copy number alterations by whole-exome sequencing implicates YWHAZ and PTK2 in castration-resistant prostate cancer. J Pathol 2014; 231:505-16. [PMID: 24114522 DOI: 10.1002/path.4274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2013] [Revised: 09/10/2013] [Accepted: 09/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) is the most aggressive form of prostate cancer (PCa) and remains a significant therapeutic challenge. The key to the development of novel therapeutic targets for CRPC is to decipher the molecular alterations underlying this lethal disease. The aim of our study was to identify therapeutic targets for CRPC by assessing somatic copy number alterations (SCNAs) by whole-exome sequencing on five CRPC/normal paired formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) samples, using the SOLiD4 next-generation sequencing (NGS) platform. Data were validated using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) on a PCa progression cohort. PTK2 and YWHAZ amplification, mRNA and protein expression were determined in selected PCa cell lines. Effects of PTK2 inhibition using TAE226 inhibitor and YWHAZ knock-down on cell proliferation and migration were tested in PC3 cells in vitro. In a larger validation cohort, the amplification frequency of YWHAZ was 3% in localized PCa and 48% in CRPC, whereas PTK2 was amplified in 1% of localized PCa and 35% in CRPC. YWHAZ knock-down and PTK2 inhibition significantly affected cell proliferation and migration in the PC3 cells. Our findings suggest that inhibition of YWHAZ and PTK2 could delay the progression of the disease in CRPC patients harbouring amplification of the latter genes. Furthermore, our validated whole-exome sequencing data show that FFPE tissue could be a promising alternative for SCNA screening using next-generation sequencing technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roopika Menon
- Department of Prostate Cancer Research, University Hospital of Bonn, Germany; Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Bonn, Germany
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22
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Pezaro C, Omlin A, Bianchini D, de Bono J. New Therapies in Hormone Relapsed Disease. Prostate Cancer 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/9781118347379.ch14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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23
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Contemporary issues in radiotherapy for clinically localized prostate cancer. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 2013; 27:1137-62, vii. [PMID: 24188256 DOI: 10.1016/j.hoc.2013.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Radiotherapy is a valid curative alternative to surgery for prostate cancer. However, patient selection is critical to ensure patients obtain benefits from therapy delivered with curative intent. Dose-escalated radiation has been shown to improve patient outcomes, facilitated by development of robust image guidance and better target delineation imaging technologies. These concepts have also rekindled interest in hypofractionated radiotherapy in the forms of stereotactic body radiotherapy and brachytherapy. Postprostatectomy radiotherapy also improves long-term biochemical outcome in men at high risk of local recurrence.
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24
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Salvador JAR, Carvalho JFS, Neves MAC, Silvestre SM, Leitão AJ, Silva MMC, Sá e Melo ML. Anticancer steroids: linking natural and semi-synthetic compounds. Nat Prod Rep 2013; 30:324-74. [PMID: 23151898 DOI: 10.1039/c2np20082a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Steroids, a widespread class of natural organic compounds occurring in animals, plants and fungi, have shown great therapeutic value for a broad array of pathologies. The present overview is focused on the anticancer activity of steroids, which is very representative of a rich structural molecular diversity and ability to interact with various biological targets and pathways. This review encompasses the most relevant discoveries on steroid anticancer drugs and leads through the last decade and comprises 668 references.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge A R Salvador
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Polo das Ciências da Saúde, 3000-508, Coimbra, Portugal.
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25
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Discovery of AZD3514, a small-molecule androgen receptor downregulator for treatment of advanced prostate cancer. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:1945-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.02.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2013] [Revised: 02/05/2013] [Accepted: 02/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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26
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Cleve A, Fritzemeier KH, Haendler B, Heinrich N, Möller C, Schwede W, Wintermantel T. Pharmacology and clinical use of sex steroid hormone receptor modulators. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2012:543-587. [PMID: 23027466 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-30726-3_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Sex steroid receptors are ligand-triggered transcription factors. Oestrogen, progesterone and androgen receptors form, together with the glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid receptors, a subgroup of the superfamily of nuclear receptors. They share a common mode of action, namely translating a hormone-i.e. a small-molecule signal-from outside to changes in gene expression and cell fate, and thereby represent "natural" pharmacological targets.For pharmacological therapy, these receptors have originally been addressed by hormones and synthetic hormone analogues in order to overcome pathologies related to deficiencies in the natural ligands. Another major use for female sex hormone receptor modulators is oral contraception, i.e. birth control.On the other side, blocking the activity of sex steroid receptors has become an established way to treat hormone-dependent malignancies, such as breast and prostate cancer.In this review, we will discuss how the experience gained from the classical pharmacology of these receptors and their molecular similarities led to new options for the treatment of gender-specific diseases and highlight recent progress in medicinal chemistry of sex hormone-modulating drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Cleve
- Bayer Pharma AG, Muellerstr. 178, Berlin, Germany
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