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Pei S, Babity S, Sara Cordeiro A, Brambilla D. Integrating microneedles and sensing strategies for diagnostic and monitoring applications: The state of the art. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2024; 210:115341. [PMID: 38797317 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2024.115341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Microneedles (MNs) offer minimally-invasive access to interstitial fluid (ISF) - a potent alternative to blood in terms of monitoring physiological analytes. This property is particularly advantageous for the painless detection and monitoring of drugs and biomolecules. However, the complexity of the skin environment, coupled with the inherent nature of the analytes being detected and the inherent physical properties of MNs, pose challenges when conducting physiological monitoring using this fluid. In this review, we discuss different sensing mechanisms and highlight advancements in monitoring different targets, with a particular focus on drug monitoring. We further list the current challenges facing the field and conclude by discussing aspects of MN design which serve to enhance their performance when monitoring different classes of analytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihao Pei
- Faculté de pharmacie, Université de Montréal, 2940 Chemin de Polytechnique, Montréal, Québec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Samuel Babity
- Faculté de pharmacie, Université de Montréal, 2940 Chemin de Polytechnique, Montréal, Québec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Ana Sara Cordeiro
- Leicester Institute for Pharmaceutical Innovation, Leicester School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, Leicester LE1 9BH, United Kingdom.
| | - Davide Brambilla
- Faculté de pharmacie, Université de Montréal, 2940 Chemin de Polytechnique, Montréal, Québec H3T 1J4, Canada.
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2
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Bao S, Yang S, Hua Z, Li J, Zang Y, Li X. Ziprasidone population pharmacokinetics and co-medication effects in Chinese patients. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024:10.1007/s00210-024-03244-y. [PMID: 38918237 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-03244-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Ziprasidone is widely used in the treatment of psychiatric disorders. Despite its prevalence, there is a notable lack of population pharmacokinetics (PPK) studies on ziprasidone in serum, both domestically and internationally. This study aimed to comprehensively investigate the various factors influencing the PPK characteristics of Ziprasidone, thereby providing a scientific basis for personalized treatment strategies in clinical settings. This is a retrospective study. A non-linear mixed-effects modeling method was used for data analysis, with the ziprasidone PPK model established using the Phoenix NLME 8.1 software. Model evaluation employed goodness-of-fit plots, visual predictive checks, and Bootstrap methods to ensure reliability and accuracy. To further validate the model's applicability, data from an additional 30 patients meeting the same inclusion criteria but not included in the final model were collected for external validation. Simulations were performed to explore the personalized dosage regimens. This retrospective analysis collected 547 drug concentration data points from 185 psychiatric disorder patients, along with related medical records. The data included detailed demographic information (such as age, gender, weight), dosing regimens, laboratory test results, and concomitant medication details. In the final model, Ka was fixed at 0.5 h-1 based on literature, and the population typical values for ziprasidone clearance (CL) and volume of distribution (V) were 18.74 L/h and 110.24 L, respectively. Co-administration of lorazepam and valproic acid significantly influenced the clearance of ziprasidone. Moreover, the model evaluation indicated good stability and predictive accuracy. A simple to use dosage regimen table was derived based on the results of simulations. This study successfully established and validated a PPK model for ziprasidone in Chinese patients with psychiatric disorders. The model provides a scientific reference for individualized dosing of ziprasidone and holds the potential to optimize treatment strategies, thereby enhancing therapeutic efficacy and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Bao
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 95 Yongan Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100050, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 5 Ankang Hutong, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100088, China
| | - Siyu Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 95 Yongan Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Zixin Hua
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 95 Yongan Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Jiqian Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 95 Yongan Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Yannan Zang
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 5 Ankang Hutong, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100088, China
| | - Xingang Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 95 Yongan Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100050, China.
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3
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Golovina A, Proia E, Fiorentino F, Yunin M, Kasatkina M, Zigangirova N, Soloveva A, Sysolyatina E, Ermolaeva S, Novikov R, Silonov S, Pushkin S, Mladenović M, Isakova J, Belik A, Nawrozkij M, Rotili D, Ragno R, Ivanov R. (Heteroarylmethyl)benzoic Acids as a New Class of Bacterial Cystathionine γ-Lyase Inhibitors: Synthesis, Biological Evaluation, and Molecular Modeling. ACS Infect Dis 2024; 10:2127-2150. [PMID: 38771206 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.4c00136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is one of the most serious global health threats. Therefore, there is a need to develop antimicrobial agents with new mechanisms of action. Targeting of bacterial cystathionine γ-lyase (bCSE), an enzyme essential for bacterial survival, is a promising approach to overcome antibiotic resistance. Here, we described a series of (heteroarylmethyl)benzoic acid derivatives and evaluated their ability to inhibit bCSE or its human ortholog hCSE using known bCSE inhibitor NL2 as a lead compound. Derivatives bearing the 6-bromoindole group proved to be the most active, with IC50 values in the midmicromolar range, and highly selective for bCSE over hCSE. Furthermore, none of these compounds showed significant toxicity to HEK293T cells. The obtained data were rationalized by ligand-based and structure-based molecular modeling analyses. The most active compounds were also found to be an effective adjunct to several widely used antibacterial agents against clinically relevant antibiotic-resistant strains of such bacteria as Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The most potent compounds, 3h and 3i, also showed a promising in vitro absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) profile. Finally, compound 3i manifested potentiating activity in pneumonia, sepsis, and infected-wound in vivo models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Golovina
- Sirius University of Science and Technology, Olympic Avenue, 1, Sirius , Krasnodar Region 354340, Russia
| | - Eleonora Proia
- Rome Center for Molecular Design, Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, P. le A. Moro 5 , Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Francesco Fiorentino
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, P. le A. Moro 5, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Maxim Yunin
- Sirius University of Science and Technology, Olympic Avenue, 1, Sirius , Krasnodar Region 354340, Russia
| | - Maria Kasatkina
- Sirius University of Science and Technology, Olympic Avenue, 1, Sirius , Krasnodar Region 354340, Russia
| | - Nailya Zigangirova
- National Research Centre of Epidemiology and Microbiology named after N. F. Gamaleya, Russian Health Ministry, Gamaleya St.18 , 123098 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna Soloveva
- National Research Centre of Epidemiology and Microbiology named after N. F. Gamaleya, Russian Health Ministry, Gamaleya St.18 , 123098 Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena Sysolyatina
- National Research Centre of Epidemiology and Microbiology named after N. F. Gamaleya, Russian Health Ministry, Gamaleya St.18 , 123098 Moscow, Russia
| | - Svetlana Ermolaeva
- National Research Centre of Epidemiology and Microbiology named after N. F. Gamaleya, Russian Health Ministry, Gamaleya St.18 , 123098 Moscow, Russia
| | - Roman Novikov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 32 Vavilov St. , Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Sergei Silonov
- Sirius University of Science and Technology, Olympic Avenue, 1, Sirius , Krasnodar Region 354340, Russia
- Laboratory of Structural Dynamics, Stability and Folding of Proteins, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Tikhoretsky Avenue , St. Petersburg 194064, Russia
| | - Sergei Pushkin
- Sirius University of Science and Technology, Olympic Avenue, 1, Sirius , Krasnodar Region 354340, Russia
| | - Milan Mladenović
- Kragujevac Center for Computational Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, Radoja Domanovića 12 , Kragujevac 34000, P.O. Box 60, Serbia
| | - Julia Isakova
- Sirius University of Science and Technology, Olympic Avenue, 1, Sirius , Krasnodar Region 354340, Russia
| | - Albina Belik
- Sirius University of Science and Technology, Olympic Avenue, 1, Sirius , Krasnodar Region 354340, Russia
| | - Maxim Nawrozkij
- Sirius University of Science and Technology, Olympic Avenue, 1, Sirius , Krasnodar Region 354340, Russia
| | - Dante Rotili
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, P. le A. Moro 5, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Rino Ragno
- Rome Center for Molecular Design, Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, P. le A. Moro 5 , Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Roman Ivanov
- Sirius University of Science and Technology, Olympic Avenue, 1, Sirius , Krasnodar Region 354340, Russia
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4
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Davis N, Heikenfeld J, Milla C, Javey A. The challenges and promise of sweat sensing. Nat Biotechnol 2024; 42:860-871. [PMID: 38212492 DOI: 10.1038/s41587-023-02059-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
The potential of monitoring biomarkers in sweat for health-related applications has spurred rapid growth in the field of wearable sweat sensors over the past decade. Some of the key challenges have been addressed, including measuring sweat-secretion rate and collecting sufficient sample volumes for real-time, continuous molecular analysis without intense exercise. However, except for assessment of cystic fibrosis and regional nerve function, the ability to accurately measure analytes of interest and their physiological relevance to health metrics remain to be determined. Although sweat is not a crystal ball into every aspect of human health, we expect sweat measurements to continue making inroads into niche applications involving active sweating, such as hydration monitoring for athletes and physical laborers and later for medical and casual health monitoring of relevant drugs and hormones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noelle Davis
- Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Jason Heikenfeld
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
| | - Carlos Milla
- The Stanford Cystic Fibrosis Center, Center for Excellence in Pulmonary Biology, Stanford School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
| | - Ali Javey
- Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.
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5
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Manhas D, Dhiman S, Kour H, Kour D, Sharma K, Wazir P, Vij B, Kumar A, Sawant SD, Ahmed Z, Nandi U. ADME/PK Insights of Crocetin: A Molecule Having an Unusual Chemical Structure with Druglike Features. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:21494-21509. [PMID: 38764638 PMCID: PMC11097163 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c02116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Crocetin is a promising phyto-based molecule to treat Alzheimer's disease (AD). The chemical structure of crocetin is incongruent with various standard structural features of CNS drugs. As poor pharmacokinetic behavior is the major hurdle for any candidate to become a drug, we elucidated its druggable characteristics by implementing in silico, in vitro, and in vivo approaches, as limited ADME/PK information is available. Results demonstrate several attributes of crocetin based on rules of drug-likeness, lipophilicity, pKa, P-gp inhibitory activity, plasma stability, RBC partitioning, metabolic stability, CYP inhibitory action, blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability, oral bioavailability, and pharmacokinetic interaction with marketed anti-Alzheimer's drugs (memantine, donepezil, galantamine, and rivastigmine). However, aqueous solubility, chemical stability, plasma protein binding, and P-gp induction are some concerns associated with this molecule that should be taken into consideration during its further development. Overall results indicate favorable ADME/PK behavior and potential druggable candidature of crocetin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diksha Manhas
- Pharmacology
Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative
Medicine, Jammu 180001, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Sumit Dhiman
- Pharmacology
Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative
Medicine, Jammu 180001, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Harpreet Kour
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
- Natural
Products & Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India
| | - Dilpreet Kour
- Pharmacology
Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative
Medicine, Jammu 180001, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Kuhu Sharma
- Pharmacology
Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative
Medicine, Jammu 180001, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Priya Wazir
- Pharmacology
Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative
Medicine, Jammu 180001, India
| | - Bhavna Vij
- Pharmacology
Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative
Medicine, Jammu 180001, India
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Pharmacology
Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative
Medicine, Jammu 180001, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Sanghapal D. Sawant
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
- Natural
Products & Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India
| | - Zabeer Ahmed
- Pharmacology
Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative
Medicine, Jammu 180001, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Utpal Nandi
- Pharmacology
Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative
Medicine, Jammu 180001, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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6
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Fitzpatrick G, Huang Y, Qiu F, Habgood MD, Medcalf RL, Ho H, Dziegielewska KM, Saunders NR. Entry of cannabidiol into the fetal, postnatal and adult rat brain. Cell Tissue Res 2024; 396:177-195. [PMID: 38366086 PMCID: PMC11055756 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-024-03867-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Cannabidiol is a major component of cannabis but without known psychoactive properties. A wide range of properties have been attributed to it, such as anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anti-cancer, anti-seizure and anxiolytic. However, being a fairly new compound in its purified form, little is known about cannabidiol brain entry, especially during development. Sprague Dawley rats at four developmental ages: embryonic day E19, postnatal day P4 and P12 and non-pregnant adult females were administered intraperitoneal cannabidiol at 10 mg/kg with [3H] labelled cannabidiol. To investigate the extent of placental transfer, the drug was injected intravenously into E19 pregnant dams. Levels of [3H]-cannabidiol in blood plasma, cerebrospinal fluid and brain were estimated by liquid scintillation counting. Plasma protein binding of cannabidiol was identified by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and its bound and unbound fractions measured by ultrafiltration. Using available RNA-sequencing datasets of E19 rat brain, choroid plexus and placenta, as well as P5 and adult brain and choroid plexus, expression of 13 main cannabidiol receptors was analysed. Results showed that cannabidiol rapidly entered both the developing and adult brains. Entry into CSF was more limited. Its transfer across the placenta was substantially restricted as only about 50% of maternal blood plasma cannabidiol concentration was detected in fetal plasma. Albumin was the main, but not exclusive, cannabidiol binding protein at all ages. Several transcripts for cannabidiol receptors were expressed in age- and tissue-specific manner indicating that cannabidiol may have different functional effects in the fetal compared to adult brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Fitzpatrick
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Yifan Huang
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Fiona Qiu
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Mark D Habgood
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Robert L Medcalf
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Heidi Ho
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | | | - Norman R Saunders
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia.
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7
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Rigo-Bonnin R, Mas-Bosch V, Canalias F. Measurement uncertainty estimation of free drug concentrations in clinical laboratories using equilibrium dialysis. Clin Chem Lab Med 2024; 62:870-880. [PMID: 38050372 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2023-1023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Developing procedures based on equilibrium dialysis (ED) that allow measuring the free drug concentration in plasma improves therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) in those cases where its measurement is justified. However, this procedure requires specific sample preparation and presents different pitfalls, which are not error-free. As with any result provided by a clinical laboratory, this one should be as accurate as possible to allow a correct clinical interpretation. The measurement uncertainty (MU) is a parameter that enables the accuracy of results to be known, and that is mandated by ISO 15189. Herein, this study suggests how the MU for the results of the free drug concentrations in serum could be estimated when an ED is used. METHODS A combination of the top-down and bottom-up approaches was used to estimate the MU based on the ISO/TS 20914:2019 and JCGM 100:2008 guidelines, including the concentration of free phenytoin in serum, as an example. Different scenarios were incorporated considering or not a significant bias related to the primary drawbacks of ED: the non-specific binding, the volume shift effect and the Gibbs-Donnan effect. RESULTS The expanded uncertainties estimated ranged between 13.0 and 30.9 %. The highest MU corresponded to the free drug concentrations in serum results when significant biases related to the volume shift and Gibbs-Donnan effects exist. CONCLUSIONS A detailed estimation of MU for free drug concentrations is presented using ED, considering different scenarios. This study could stimulate clinical laboratories to perform MU studies and its application in TDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raúl Rigo-Bonnin
- Laboratori Clínic, IDIBELL, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Virgínia Mas-Bosch
- Laboratori Clínic, IDIBELL, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesca Canalias
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Laboratori de Referència d'Enzimologia Clínica, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
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8
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Scherf-Clavel M, Baumann P, Hart XM, Schneider H, Schoretsanitis G, Steimer W, Zernig G, Zurek G. Behind the Curtain: Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Psychotropic Drugs from a Laboratory Analytical Perspective. Ther Drug Monit 2024; 46:143-154. [PMID: 36941240 DOI: 10.1097/ftd.0000000000001092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is a well-established tool for guiding psychopharmacotherapy and improving patient care. Despite their established roles in the prescription of psychotropic drugs, the "behind the curtain" processes of TDM requests are invariably obscure to clinicians, and literature addressing this topic is scarce. METHODS In the present narrative review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the various steps, starting from requesting TDM to interpreting TDM findings, in routine clinical practice. Our goal was to improve clinicians' insights into the numerous factors that may explain the variations in TDM findings due to methodological issues. RESULTS We discussed challenges throughout the TDM process, starting from the analyte and its major variation forms, through sampling procedures and pre-analytical conditions, time of blood sampling, sample matrices, and collection tubes, to analytical methods, their advantages and shortcomings, and the applied quality procedures. Additionally, we critically reviewed the current and future advances in the TDM of psychotropic drugs. CONCLUSIONS The "behind the curtain" processes enabling TDM involve a multidisciplinary team, which faces numerous challenges in clinical routine. A better understanding of these processes will allow clinicians to join the efforts for achieving higher-quality TDM findings, which will in turn improve treatment effectiveness and safety outcomes of psychotropic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maike Scherf-Clavel
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Würzburg, Germany
- Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Neuropsychopharmakologie und Pharmakopsychiatrie (AGNP) Work Group on "Therapeutic Drug Monitoring" (Chair: Prof. Dr Med. Dipl.-Psych. Stefan Unterecker, Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Würzburg, Germany)
| | - Pierre Baumann
- Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Neuropsychopharmakologie und Pharmakopsychiatrie (AGNP) Work Group on "Therapeutic Drug Monitoring" (Chair: Prof. Dr Med. Dipl.-Psych. Stefan Unterecker, Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Würzburg, Germany)
- German Society for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine e. V. (DGKL), Section Therapeutic Drug Monitoring and Clinical Toxicology, Berlin/Bonn, Germany
| | - Xenia M Hart
- Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Neuropsychopharmakologie und Pharmakopsychiatrie (AGNP) Work Group on "Therapeutic Drug Monitoring" (Chair: Prof. Dr Med. Dipl.-Psych. Stefan Unterecker, Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Würzburg, Germany)
- Department of Molecular Neuroimaging, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Heike Schneider
- Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Neuropsychopharmakologie und Pharmakopsychiatrie (AGNP) Work Group on "Therapeutic Drug Monitoring" (Chair: Prof. Dr Med. Dipl.-Psych. Stefan Unterecker, Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Würzburg, Germany)
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Society for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine e. V. (DGKL), Section Therapeutic Drug Monitoring and Clinical Toxicology, Berlin/Bonn
- INSTAND e.V. Society for Promoting Quality Assurance in Medical Laboratories, Duesseldorf, Germany
- German Society for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine e. V. (DGKL), Section Therapeutic Drug Monitoring and Clinical Toxicology, Berlin/Bonn, Germany
| | - Georgios Schoretsanitis
- Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Neuropsychopharmakologie und Pharmakopsychiatrie (AGNP) Work Group on "Therapeutic Drug Monitoring" (Chair: Prof. Dr Med. Dipl.-Psych. Stefan Unterecker, Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Würzburg, Germany)
- Department of Psychiatry, The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, Glen Oaks, New York
- Department of Psychiatry, Zucker School of Medicine at Northwell/Hofstra, Hempstead, New York
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Hospital of Psychiatry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Werner Steimer
- Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Neuropsychopharmakologie und Pharmakopsychiatrie (AGNP) Work Group on "Therapeutic Drug Monitoring" (Chair: Prof. Dr Med. Dipl.-Psych. Stefan Unterecker, Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Würzburg, Germany)
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Society for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine e. V. (DGKL), Section Therapeutic Drug Monitoring and Clinical Toxicology, Berlin/Bonn
| | - Gerald Zernig
- Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Neuropsychopharmakologie und Pharmakopsychiatrie (AGNP) Work Group on "Therapeutic Drug Monitoring" (Chair: Prof. Dr Med. Dipl.-Psych. Stefan Unterecker, Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Würzburg, Germany)
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Private Practice for Psychotherapy and Court-certified Expert Witness, Hall in Tirol, Austria; and
| | - Gabriela Zurek
- Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Neuropsychopharmakologie und Pharmakopsychiatrie (AGNP) Work Group on "Therapeutic Drug Monitoring" (Chair: Prof. Dr Med. Dipl.-Psych. Stefan Unterecker, Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Würzburg, Germany)
- Medical Laboratory Bremen, Bremen, Germany
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9
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Bassi M, Bilel S, Tirri M, Corli G, Di Rosa F, Gregori A, Alkilany AM, Rachid O, Roda E, Zauli G, Locatelli CA, Marti M. Pharmaco-toxicological effects of the novel tryptamine hallucinogen 5-MeO-MiPT on motor, sensorimotor, physiological, and cardiorespiratory parameters in mice-from a human poisoning case to the preclinical evidence. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2024; 241:489-511. [PMID: 38214743 PMCID: PMC10884077 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-024-06526-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
RATIONALE The 5-methoxy-N-methyl-N-isopropyltryptamine (5-MeO-MiPT, known online as "Moxy") is a new psychedelic tryptamine first identified on Italian national territory in 2014. Its hallucinogen effects are broadly well-known; however, only few information is available regarding its pharmaco-toxicological effects. OBJECTIVES Following the seizure of this new psychoactive substances by the Arm of Carabinieri and the occurrence of a human intoxication case, in the current study we had the aim to characterize the in vivo acute effects of systemic administration of 5-MeO-MiPT (0.01-30 mg/kg i.p.) on sensorimotor (visual, acoustic, and overall tactile) responses, thermoregulation, and stimulated motor activity (drag and accelerod test) in CD-1 male mice. We also evaluated variation on sensory gating (PPI, prepulse inhibition; 0.01-10 mg/kg i.p.) and on cardiorespiratory parameters (MouseOx and BP-2000; 30 mg/kg i.p.). Lastly, we investigated the in silico ADMET (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, toxicity) profile of 5-MeO-MiPT compared to 5-methoxy-N,N-diisopropyltryptamine (5-MeO-DIPT) and N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT). RESULTS This study demonstrates that 5-MeO-MiPT dose-dependently inhibits sensorimotor and PPI responses and, at high doses, induces impairment of the stimulated motor activity and cardiorespiratory changes in mice. In silico prediction shows that the 5-MeO-MiPT toxicokinetic profile shares similarities with 5-MeO-DIPT and DMT and highlights a cytochrome risk associated with this compound. CONCLUSIONS Consumption of 5-MeO-MiPT can affect the ability to perform activities and pose a risk to human health status, as the correspondence between the effects induced in mice and the symptoms occurred in the intoxication case suggests. However, our findings suggest that 5-MeO-MiPT should not be excluded from research in the psychiatric therapy field.
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Grants
- Effects of NPS: development of a multicentre research for the information enhancement of the Early Warning System Anti-Drug Policies Department, Presidency of the Council of Ministers, Italy
- Implementation of the identification Anti-Drug Policies Department, Presidency of the Council of Ministers, Italy
- study of the effects of NPS: Development of a multicentric research to strengthen the database of the National Monitoring Centre for Drug Addiction Anti-Drug Policies Department, Presidency of the Council of Ministers, Italy
- the Early Warning System Anti-Drug Policies Department, Presidency of the Council of Ministers, Italy
- FAR 2021 Università degli Studi di Ferrara
- FAR 2022 Università degli Studi di Ferrara
- Anti-Drug Policies Department, Presidency of the Council of Ministers, Italy
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Bassi
- Department of Translational Medicine, Section of Legal Medicine and LTTA Centre, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato Di Mortara 70, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Sabrine Bilel
- Department of Translational Medicine, Section of Legal Medicine and LTTA Centre, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato Di Mortara 70, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Micaela Tirri
- Department of Translational Medicine, Section of Legal Medicine and LTTA Centre, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato Di Mortara 70, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giorgia Corli
- Department of Translational Medicine, Section of Legal Medicine and LTTA Centre, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato Di Mortara 70, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Fabiana Di Rosa
- Department of Scientific Investigation (RIS), Carabinieri, 00191, Rome, Italy
| | - Adolfo Gregori
- Department of Scientific Investigation (RIS), Carabinieri, 00191, Rome, Italy
| | - Alaaldin M Alkilany
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ousama Rachid
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Elisa Roda
- Laboratory of Clinical & Experimental Toxicology, Pavia Poison Centre, National Toxicology Information Centre, Toxicology Unit, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, IRCCS, Pavia, Italy
| | - Giorgio Zauli
- Research Department, King Khaled Eye Specialistic Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Carlo Alessandro Locatelli
- Laboratory of Clinical & Experimental Toxicology, Pavia Poison Centre, National Toxicology Information Centre, Toxicology Unit, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, IRCCS, Pavia, Italy
| | - Matteo Marti
- Department of Translational Medicine, Section of Legal Medicine and LTTA Centre, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato Di Mortara 70, 44121, Ferrara, Italy.
- Department of Anti-Drug Policies, Collaborative Center for the Italian National Early Warning System, Presidency of the Council of Ministers, Ferrara, Italy.
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10
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Watkins Z, McHenry A, Heikenfeld J. Wearing the Lab: Advances and Challenges in Skin-Interfaced Systems for Continuous Biochemical Sensing. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 187:223-282. [PMID: 38273210 DOI: 10.1007/10_2023_238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Continuous, on-demand, and, most importantly, contextual data regarding individual biomarker concentrations exemplify the holy grail for personalized health and performance monitoring. This is well-illustrated for continuous glucose monitoring, which has drastically improved outcomes and quality of life for diabetic patients over the past 2 decades. Recent advances in wearable biosensing technologies (biorecognition elements, transduction mechanisms, materials, and integration schemes) have begun to make monitoring of other clinically relevant analytes a reality via minimally invasive skin-interfaced devices. However, several challenges concerning sensitivity, specificity, calibration, sensor longevity, and overall device lifetime must be addressed before these systems can be made commercially viable. In this chapter, a logical framework for developing a wearable skin-interfaced device for a desired application is proposed with careful consideration of the feasibility of monitoring certain analytes in sweat and interstitial fluid and the current development of the tools available to do so. Specifically, we focus on recent advancements in the engineering of biorecognition elements, the development of more robust signal transduction mechanisms, and novel integration schemes that allow for continuous quantitative analysis. Furthermore, we highlight the most compelling and promising prospects in the field of wearable biosensing and the challenges that remain in translating these technologies into useful products for disease management and for optimizing human performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zach Watkins
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
| | - Adam McHenry
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Jason Heikenfeld
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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11
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Holowinski P, Dybowski MP. Determination of 3- and 4-chloromethcathinone interactions with plasma proteins: study involving analytical and theoretical methods. Forensic Toxicol 2023:10.1007/s11419-023-00677-7. [PMID: 38108940 DOI: 10.1007/s11419-023-00677-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this paper was to determine 3- and 4-chloromethcathinone (3- and 4-CMC) binding degree and possible binding interaction modes with human serum albumin (HSA) using analytical and theoretical methods. METHODS Experimental determination of 3- and 4-CMC binding degree with HSA was performed using gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry preceded by the equilibrium dialysis (ED) and ultrafiltration (UF). Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy was used to determine 3- and 4-CMC epitope-binding maps and possible binding sites in HSA. The molecular docking and molecular dynamics were employed to obtain detailed information about binding modes of 3- and 4-CMC enantiomers in HSA. RESULTS As follows from the presented data, the degree of binding of 3- and 4-CMC is at a similar level of approx. 80%. This indicates a relatively strong binding of CMC to plasma proteins. The model studies employing the NMR spectroscopy and molecular simulations indicate that both CMCs bind to HSA. The whole 3- and 4-CMC molecules are embedded in the binding sites, with aromatic moieties being in the closest contact with the HSA residues. Moreover, conducted experiments show that Sudlow site II is the main binding center for 3- and 4-CMC and Sudlow site I acts as the secondary binding site. CONCLUSIONS Although many studies describe pharmacological and toxicological properties of synthetic cathinones (SC), the data taking SCs binding in plasma into consideration are scarce. To our knowledge, this is the first report presenting comprehensive experimental and theoretical characterization of 3- and 4-CMC binding with plasma proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Holowinski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Chromatography, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Maria Curie Sklodowska University in Lublin, 20-031, Lublin, Poland
| | - Michal P Dybowski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Chromatography, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Maria Curie Sklodowska University in Lublin, 20-031, Lublin, Poland.
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12
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Llopis-Lorente J, Baroudi S, Koloskoff K, Mora MT, Basset M, Romero L, Benito S, Dayan F, Saiz J, Trenor B. Combining pharmacokinetic and electrophysiological models for early prediction of drug-induced arrhythmogenicity. COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE 2023; 242:107860. [PMID: 37844488 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2023.107860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE In silico methods are gaining attention for predicting drug-induced Torsade de Pointes (TdP) in different stages of drug development. However, many computational models tended not to account for inter-individual response variability due to demographic covariates, such as sex, or physiologic covariates, such as renal function, which may be crucial when predicting TdP. This study aims to compare the effects of drugs in male and female populations with normal and impaired renal function using in silico methods. METHODS Pharmacokinetic models considering sex and renal function as covariates were implemented from data published in pharmacokinetic studies. Drug effects were simulated using an electrophysiologically calibrated population of cellular models of 300 males and 300 females. The population of models was built by modifying the endocardial action potential model published by O'Hara et al. (2011) according to the experimentally measured gene expression levels of 12 ion channels. RESULTS Fifteen pharmacokinetic models for CiPA drugs were implemented and validated in this study. Eight pharmacokinetic models included the effect of renal function and four the effect of sex. The mean difference in action potential duration (APD) between male and female populations was 24.9 ms (p<0.05). Our simulations indicated that women with impaired renal function were particularly susceptible to drug-induced arrhythmias, whereas healthy men were less prone to TdP. Differences between patient groups were more pronounced for high TdP-risk drugs. The proposed in silico tool also revealed that individuals with impaired renal function, electrophysiologically simulated with hyperkalemia (extracellular potassium concentration [K+]o = 7 mM) exhibited less pronounced APD prolongation than individuals with normal potassium levels. The pharmacokinetic/electrophysiological framework was used to determine the maximum safe dose of dofetilide in different patient groups. As a proof of concept, 3D simulations were also run for dofetilide obtaining QT prolongation in accordance with previously reported clinical values. CONCLUSIONS This study presents a novel methodology that combines pharmacokinetic and electrophysiological models to incorporate the effects of sex and renal function into in silico drug simulations and highlights their impact on TdP-risk assessment. Furthermore, it may also help inform maximum dose regimens that ensure TdP-related safety in a specific sub-population of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Llopis-Lorente
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación en Bioingeniería (Ci(2)B), Universitat Politècnica de València, camino de Vera, s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | | | | | - Maria Teresa Mora
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación en Bioingeniería (Ci(2)B), Universitat Politècnica de València, camino de Vera, s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Lucía Romero
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación en Bioingeniería (Ci(2)B), Universitat Politècnica de València, camino de Vera, s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | | | | | - Javier Saiz
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación en Bioingeniería (Ci(2)B), Universitat Politècnica de València, camino de Vera, s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Beatriz Trenor
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación en Bioingeniería (Ci(2)B), Universitat Politècnica de València, camino de Vera, s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain.
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13
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Ruwe T, White E, Zebertavage AS, Runnoe D, Fay D, Daumeyer H, Tracy TS, Uchtman KF, Begtrup G, Yuan Y, Heikenfeld J, Buggele WA. Diverse Drug Classes Partition into Human Sweat: Implications for Both Sweat Fundamentals and for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring. Ther Drug Monit 2023; 45:731-742. [PMID: 37253460 DOI: 10.1097/ftd.0000000000001110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Therapeutic drug monitoring to optimize drug therapy typically relies on the inconvenience of repeated plasma sampling. Sweat is a potential alternative biofluid convenient for sampling. However, limited information exists regarding the range of drugs excreted in sweat and their correlation with plasma concentrations. This study evaluated drugs in sweat and plasma of an ambulatory clinical cohort. Pilocarpine-induced sweat was collected from ambulatory participants at a single instance using an absorbent nylon mesh, followed by concurrent blood sampling for ratio and correlation analyses. In a model drug study, the pharmacokinetics of acetaminophen in sweat and plasma were compared. Of the 14 drugs and 2 metabolites monitored in the clinical study, all compounds were present in sweat and plasma; however, the sweat-to-plasma ratio varied substantially across the drugs. Opioids and methocarbamol demonstrated the highest concentrations in sweat, sometimes exceeding plasma concentrations. Selected antidepressants and muscle relaxants were also detected in sweat at a 2-10-fold dilution to the plasma. Others, such as gabapentin and pregabalin, were highly diluted (>30-fold) in sweat compared with plasma. Together, these data suggest that molecular attributes, specifically hydrophobicity (logP) and charge state at physiologic pH (7.4), enable reasonable prediction of sweat-to-plasma drug correlation. These findings demonstrated that sweat could be used as an alternative biofluid for therapeutic drug monitoring. The findings also suggest that although it has been broadly accepted that small hydrophobic molecules most likely have a strong plasma correlation, there is a small window of hydrophobicity and charge state that permits sweat partitioning.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Dan Fay
- Eccrine Systems, Inc., Cincinnati, Ohio
| | | | - Timothy S Tracy
- Eccrine Systems, Inc., Cincinnati, Ohio
- Tracy Consultants, Huntsville, Alabama
| | | | | | - Yuchan Yuan
- Johns Hopkins University Baltimore, Maryland; and
| | - Jason Heikenfeld
- Novel Device Laboratory, Biomedical Engineering Department, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
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14
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Friedel M, Thompson IAP, Kasting G, Polsky R, Cunningham D, Soh HT, Heikenfeld J. Opportunities and challenges in the diagnostic utility of dermal interstitial fluid. Nat Biomed Eng 2023; 7:1541-1555. [PMID: 36658344 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-022-00998-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The volume of interstitial fluid (ISF) in the human body is three times that of blood. Yet, collecting diagnostically useful ISF is more challenging than collecting blood because the extraction of dermal ISF disrupts the delicate balance of pressure between ISF, blood and lymph, and because the triggered local inflammation further skews the concentrations of many analytes in the extracted fluid. In this Perspective, we overview the most meaningful differences in the make-up of ISF and blood, and discuss why ISF cannot be viewed generally as a diagnostically useful proxy for blood. We also argue that continuous sensing of small-molecule analytes in dermal ISF via rapid assays compatible with nanolitre sample volumes or via miniaturized sensors inserted into the dermis can offer clinically advantageous utility, particularly for the monitoring of therapeutic drugs and of the status of the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Friedel
- Novel Device Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Ian A P Thompson
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Gerald Kasting
- The James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati Academic Health Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Ronen Polsky
- Nano and Micro Sensors, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - David Cunningham
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Southeast Missouri State University, Cape Girardeau, MO, USA
| | - Hyongsok Tom Soh
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Jason Heikenfeld
- Novel Device Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
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15
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Haghighi M, Moradi S, Nowroozi A, Tahmasbi M, Naseri MJ, Karami K, Shahlaei M. Determining the stoichiometry and binding constant of Lamotrigine with human serum albumin using voltammetry analysis and molecular modeling. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:10117-10124. [PMID: 36476279 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2153170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the interaction of an anticonvulsant drug that used in the treatment of epilepsy, Lamotrigine (LTG) with the most important transport protein of the blood, human serum albumin (HSA) has been studied by using the electrochemical methods and molecular modeling techniques. For this purpose, a simple carbon paste electrode (CPE) was applied for electrocatalytic oxidation and investigation of LTG interaction with HSA. The stoichiometry of the complex between LTG and HSA and the binding constant (Kb) of the reaction were calculated from the calibration curves. The results show that binding of LTG to HSA formed two complexes with different stoichiometries with Kb1 (2.46 × 103) and Kb2 (1.75 × 107), respectively. In agreement with the experimental data, molecular modeling approach also confirmed that LTG can bind to the subdomain IIA and IB of HSA.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Haghighi
- Nano Drug Delivery Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Sajad Moradi
- Nano Drug Delivery Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Amin Nowroozi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Meisam Tahmasbi
- Electrical Engineering Department, South Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran
| | - Mohamad Javad Naseri
- Nano Drug Delivery Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Kasra Karami
- Nano Drug Delivery Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mohsen Shahlaei
- Nano Drug Delivery Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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16
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Bae C, Chung G, Chung SJ. Prediction of the Time to Reach Equilibrium for Improved Estimation of the Unbound Fraction of Compounds in Equilibrium Dialysis Using kinetic Modeling. J Pharm Sci 2023; 112:2901-2909. [PMID: 37392902 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2023.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
Equilibrium dialysis (ED) is widely used in pharmacokinetics to determine the fraction of unbound (fu) compounds in plasma; however, the kinetics of drugs in the ED system with respect to their permeation across semi-permeable membranes has not been systemically studied. Here, the kinetics of the ED system, including the binding of drugs to plasma proteins, non-specific binding, and permeation across the membrane, was described to enable verification of the equilibrium, prediction of the time to reach equilibrium, and estimations of fu with data obtained during pre-equilibrium. Using data obtained during pre-equilibrium, the time to reach 90% equilibrium (t90%) and fu were estimated with reasonable accuracy. Notably, fu could be estimated reasonably well using one-time-point data for the calculation. Furthermore, the current modeling approach allowed concurrent estimations of fu and the decomposition rate of compounds that were metabolically unstable in the plasma. Reasonable metabolic rate constants were determined for cefadroxil and diltiazem, demonstrating the practicality of this method for determining kinetics related to fu characterization. Because the determination of fu of compounds with 'unfavorable' physicochemical properties is known to be experimentally challenging, the current method may be useful in determining the fu of compounds in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Bae
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Gujin Chung
- Seoul National University Bundang Hospital Healthcare Innovation Park 6F, 172 Dolma-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, 13605, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk-Jae Chung
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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17
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Zhao J, Cochrane CS, Najeeb J, Gooden D, Sciandra C, Fan P, Lemaitre N, Newns K, Nicholas RA, Guan Z, Thaden JT, Fowler VG, Spasojevic I, Sebbane F, Toone EJ, Duncan C, Gammans R, Zhou P. Preclinical safety and efficacy characterization of an LpxC inhibitor against Gram-negative pathogens. Sci Transl Med 2023; 15:eadf5668. [PMID: 37556556 PMCID: PMC10785772 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.adf5668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
The UDP-3-O-(R-3-hydroxyacyl)-N-acetylglucosamine deacetylase LpxC is an essential enzyme in the biosynthesis of lipid A, the outer membrane anchor of lipopolysaccharide and lipooligosaccharide in Gram-negative bacteria. The development of LpxC-targeting antibiotics toward clinical therapeutics has been hindered by the limited antibiotic profile of reported non-hydroxamate inhibitors and unexpected cardiovascular toxicity observed in certain hydroxamate and non-hydroxamate-based inhibitors. Here, we report the preclinical characterization of a slow, tight-binding LpxC inhibitor, LPC-233, with low picomolar affinity. The compound is a rapid bactericidal antibiotic, unaffected by established resistance mechanisms to commercial antibiotics, and displays outstanding activity against a wide range of Gram-negative clinical isolates in vitro. It is orally bioavailable and efficiently eliminates infections caused by susceptible and multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacterial pathogens in murine soft tissue, sepsis, and urinary tract infection models. It displays exceptional in vitro and in vivo safety profiles, with no detectable adverse cardiovascular toxicity in dogs at 100 milligrams per kilogram. These results establish the feasibility of developing oral LpxC-targeting antibiotics for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinshi Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | | | - Javaria Najeeb
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Current address: Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - David Gooden
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
- Small Molecule Synthesis Facility, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Carly Sciandra
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Ping Fan
- Pharmacokinetics/Pharmacodynamics (PK/PD) Core Laboratory, Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Nadine Lemaitre
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR9017-CIIL-Centre d’Infection et d’Immunité de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Kate Newns
- Departments of Pharmacology and Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
- Current address: Envision Pharma Group, Philadelphia, PA 19109, USA
| | - Robert A. Nicholas
- Departments of Pharmacology and Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Ziqiang Guan
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Joshua T. Thaden
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Vance G. Fowler
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Ivan Spasojevic
- Pharmacokinetics/Pharmacodynamics (PK/PD) Core Laboratory, Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Florent Sebbane
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR9017-CIIL-Centre d’Infection et d’Immunité de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Eric J. Toone
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
- Current address: Breakthrough Energy Ventures, 4110 Carillon Point Kirkland, WA 98033 USA
| | | | | | - Pei Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
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18
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Sofia Almeida A, Cardoso T, Cravo S, Elizabeth Tiritan M, Remião F, Fernandes C. Binding studies of synthetic cathinones to human serum albumin by high-performance affinity chromatography. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2023; 1227:123836. [PMID: 37494753 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2023.123836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
The binding affinity to human serum albumin (HSA) of a series of fourteen synthetic cathinones, new psychoactive substances widely abused, was investigated by high-performance affinity chromatography (HPAC). Zonal elution experiments were conducted to measure the retention times of each synthetic cathinone on an HSA column, which enabled the calculation of the percentage of the drug bound. For some synthetic cathinones, enantioselectivity on HSA was found. To gather information on the HSA binding sites and better understand the chiral recognition mechanisms, enantioresolution of selected cathinones was carried out at a milligram scale through liquid chromatography (LC) with carbamate polysaccharide-based columns. This work was followed by zonal displacement chromatography using known competitors with specific binding sites on HSA, namely (S)-ibuprofen and warfarin. Competition was observed between the tested drugs and both competitors (except for pentedrone with warfarin), which is consistent with an allosteric competition involving a non-cooperative binding mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Sofia Almeida
- Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), Universidade do Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos, s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; TOXRUN-Toxicology Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), CESPU, CRL, Gandra 4585-116, Portugal; UCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira n° 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Tony Cardoso
- Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Sara Cravo
- Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), Universidade do Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos, s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Maria Elizabeth Tiritan
- Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), Universidade do Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos, s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; TOXRUN-Toxicology Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), CESPU, CRL, Gandra 4585-116, Portugal
| | - Fernando Remião
- UCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira n° 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Carla Fernandes
- Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), Universidade do Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos, s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal.
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Dimitrijevic D, Fabian E, Funk-Weyer D, Landsiedel R. Rapid equilibrium dialysis, ultrafiltration or ultracentrifugation? Evaluation of methods to quantify the unbound fraction of substances in plasma. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 651:114-120. [PMID: 36812744 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
In pharmacokinetics plasma protein binding (PPB) is a well-established parameter impacting drug disposition. The unbound fraction (fu) is arguably regarded the effective concentration at the target site. Pharmacology and toxicology, increasingly use in vitro models. The translation of in vitro concentrations to in vivo doses can be supported by toxicokinetic modelling, e.g. physiologically based toxicokinetic models (PBTK). PPB of a test substance is an input parameter for PBTK. We compared three methods to quantify fu: rapid equilibrium dialysis (RED), ultrafiltration (UF) and ultracentrifugation (UC) using twelve substances covering a wide range of Log Pow (-0.1 to 6.8) and molecular weights (151 and 531 g/mol): Acetaminophen, Bisphenol A, Caffeine, Colchicine, Fenarimol, Flutamide, Genistein, Ketoconazole, α-Methyltestosterone, Tamoxifen, Trenbolone and Warfarin. After RED and UF separation, three polar substances (Log Pow < 2) were largely unbound (fu > 70%), while more lipophilic substances were largely bound (fu < 33%). Compared to RED or UF, UC resulted in a generally higher fu of lipophilic substances. fu obtained after RED and UF were more consistent with published data. For half of the substances, UC resulted in fu higher than the reference data. UF, RED and both UF and UC, resulted in lower fu of Flutamide, Ketoconazole and Colchicine, respectively. For fu quantifications, the separation method should be selected according to the test substance's properties. Based on our data, RED is suitable for a broader range of substances while UC and UF are suitable for polar substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dunja Dimitrijevic
- Free University of Berlin, Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Königin-Luise-Straße 2-4, 14195, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Eric Fabian
- BASF SE, Experimental Toxicology and Ecology, Carl-Bosch-Straße 38, 67063, Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany.
| | - Dorothee Funk-Weyer
- BASF SE, Experimental Toxicology and Ecology, Carl-Bosch-Straße 38, 67063, Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany.
| | - Robert Landsiedel
- Free University of Berlin, Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Königin-Luise-Straße 2-4, 14195, Berlin, Germany; BASF SE, Experimental Toxicology and Ecology, Carl-Bosch-Straße 38, 67063, Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany.
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20
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Malik S, Siddiqi MK, Naseem N, Nabi F, Masroor A, Majid N, Hashmi A, Khan RH. Biophysical insight into the anti-fibrillation potential of Glyburide for its possible implication in therapeutic intervention of amyloid associated diseases. Biochimie 2023; 211:110-121. [PMID: 36958592 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2023.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
Protein aggregation is an underlying cause of many neurodegenerative diseases. Also, the overlapping pathological disturbances between neurodegenerative diseases and type-2 diabetes mellitus have urged the scientific community to explore potential of already available anti-diabetic medications in impeding amyloid formation too. Recent study brief out promising potential of an anti-diabetic drug Glyburide(GLY) as an inhibitor of amyloid fibrillation utilizing several biophysical techniques, computational methods and imaging tools. The mechanism of interaction was elucidated and the structural alterations in human serum albumin(HSA) as well as the microenvironment changes of its fluorophores(tryptophan, tyrosine) upon interacting with GLY were studied by spectroscopic techniques like Circular dichroism and synchronous fluorescence. Binding studies detailing about the GLY-HSA complex distance and the energy transfer efficiency was obtained by Fluorescence resonance energy transfer. For aggregation inhibition studies, the existence and size of aggregates formed in HSA and their inhibition by GLY was determined by Turbidity assay, Dynamic light scattering and Rayleigh light scattering along with dye binding assays. The ThT kinetics measurements analysis suggested that GLY deaccelerates fibrillation by decrement of apparent rate(Kapp) constant. The inhibitory effect of GLY might be attributed to native structure stabilization of HSA by obstruction into β-sheet conversion as confirmed by CD spectroscopy results. Amyloid inhibition and suppression of amyloid-induced hemolysis by GLY was further delineated by TEM and SEM analysis respectively. All these findings for the first time report the new facet of the anti-amyloidogenic potential of GLY, making it a promising candidate to treat neurodegenerative diseases too in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadia Malik
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India
| | | | - Nida Naseem
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India
| | - Faisal Nabi
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India
| | - Aiman Masroor
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India
| | - Nabeela Majid
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India
| | - Amiruddin Hashmi
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India
| | - Rizwan Hasan Khan
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India.
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21
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Sanz-Codina M, Wicha SG, Wulkersdorfer B, Al Jalali V, Van Os W, Vossen MG, Bauer M, Lackner E, Dorn C, Zeitlinger M. Comparison of ultrafiltration and microdialysis for ceftriaxone protein-binding determination. J Antimicrob Chemother 2023; 78:380-388. [PMID: 36433819 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkac400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High protein binding (PB) of antibiotics has an impact on their antimicrobial activity. It has been questioned whether in vitro PB determination can capture the dynamic and concentration-dependent PB of highly bound antibiotics. OBJECTIVES This clinical study compared in vitro ultrafiltration (UF) and in vivo IV microdialysis (MD) methods to determine ceftriaxone PB. METHODS Six healthy male volunteers received a single IV 2 g dose of ceftriaxone. Unbound ceftriaxone plasma concentrations were measured with MD and venous plasma sampling with subsequent UF. Pharmacokinetic parameters were determined using non-compartmental pharmacokinetic analysis. Non-linear mixed-effects modelling was used to quantify the PB. The PTA was estimated. RESULTS The Cmax of ceftriaxone total plasma concentration (297.42 ± 21.0 mg/L) was approximately 5.5-fold higher than for free concentrations obtained with UF (52.83 ± 5.07 mg/L), and only 3.5-fold higher than for free concentrations obtained with MD (81.37 ± 26.93 mg/L). Non-linear, saturable PB binding was confirmed for both UF and MD. Significantly different dissociation constants (Kd) for the albumin/ceftriaxone complex were quantified: in UF it was 23.7 mg/L (95% CI 21.3-26.2) versus 15.9 mg/L (95% CI 13.6-18.6) in MD. Moreover, the estimated number of binding sites (95% CI) per albumin molecule was 0.916 (0.86-0.97) in UF versus 0.548 in MD (0.51-0.59). The PTA obtained with MD was at most 27% higher than with UF. CONCLUSIONS In vitro UF versus in vivo intravasal MD revealed significantly different PB, especially during the distribution phase. The method of PB determination could have an impact on the breakpoint determination and dose optimisation of antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Sanz-Codina
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sebastian G Wicha
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Valentin Al Jalali
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wisse Van Os
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Matthias G Vossen
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Bauer
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Edith Lackner
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Dorn
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Markus Zeitlinger
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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22
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Dimitrijevic D, Fabian E, Nicol B, Funk-Weyer D, Landsiedel R. Toward Realistic Dosimetry In Vitro: Determining Effective Concentrations of Test Substances in Cell Culture and Their Prediction by an In Silico Mass Balance Model. Chem Res Toxicol 2022; 35:1962-1973. [PMID: 36264934 PMCID: PMC9682521 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.2c00128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Nominal concentrations (CNom) in cell culture media are routinely used to define concentration-effect relationships in the in vitro toxicology. The actual concentration in the medium (CMedium) can be affected by adsorption processes, evaporation, or degradation of chemicals. Therefore, we measured the total and free concentration of 12 chemicals, covering a wide range of lipophilicity (log KOW -0.07-6.84), in the culture medium (CMedium) and cells (CCell) after incubation with Balb/c 3T3 cells for up to 48 h. Measured values were compared to predictions using an as yet unpublished in silico mass balance model that combined relevant equations from similar models published by others. The total CMedium for all chemicals except tamoxifen (TAM) were similar to the CNom. This was attributed to the cellular uptake of TAM and accumulation into lysosomes. The free (i.e., unbound) CMedium for the low/no protein binding chemicals were similar to the CNom, whereas values of all moderately to highly protein-bound chemicals were less than 30% of the CNom. Of the 12 chemicals, the two most hydrophilic chemicals, acetaminophen (APAP) and caffeine (CAF), were the only ones for which the CCell was the same as the CNom. The CCell for all other chemicals tended to increase over time and were all 2- to 274-fold higher than CNom. Measurements of CCytosol, using a digitonin method to release cytosol, compared well with CCell (using a freeze-thaw method) for four chemicals (CAF, APAP, FLU, and KET), indicating that both methods could be used. The mass balance model predicted the total CMedium within 30% of the measured values for 11 chemicals. The free CMedium of all 12 chemicals were predicted within 3-fold of the measured values. There was a poorer prediction of CCell values, with a median overprediction of 3- to 4-fold. In conclusion, while the number of chemicals in the study is limited, it demonstrates the large differences between CNom and total and free CMedium and CCell, which were also relatively well predicted by the mass balance model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dunja Dimitrijevic
- Free
University of Berlin, Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Königin-Luise-Straße
2−4, 14195Berlin, Germany
| | - Eric Fabian
- BASF
SE, Experimental Toxicology and Ecology, Carl-Bosch-Straße 38, 67056Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany
| | - Beate Nicol
- Safety
& Environmental Assurance Centre, Unilever
U.K., Sharnbrook, MK44 ILQBedford, United Kingdom
| | - Dorothee Funk-Weyer
- BASF
SE, Experimental Toxicology and Ecology, Carl-Bosch-Straße 38, 67056Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany
| | - Robert Landsiedel
- Free
University of Berlin, Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Königin-Luise-Straße
2−4, 14195Berlin, Germany,BASF
SE, Experimental Toxicology and Ecology, Carl-Bosch-Straße 38, 67056Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany,. Fax: +49 621 60-58134
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23
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Auberson YP, Lièvre A, Desrayaud S, Briard E. A practical approach to the optimization of positron emission tomography (PET) imaging agents for the central nervous system. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2022; 65:343-350. [PMID: 36148533 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.4004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of novel imaging agents for positron emission tomography (PET) relies on medicinal chemistry best practices, including a good understanding of molecular and pharmacological properties required for the acquisition of relevant, high-quality images. This short note reviews the characteristics of a series of clinically successful imaging agents, providing guidance for the optimization of such molecular tools. PET imaging plays an important role in staging disease and in helping clinical dose selection, which is critical for the efficient development of drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yves P Auberson
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Akané Lièvre
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
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24
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Wu YJ, Li ZH, Li JY, Zhou Y, Wang RY, Chen XY, Qing LS, Luo P. Elucidation of the binding mechanism of astragaloside IV derivative with human serum albumin and its cardiotoxicity in zebrafish embryos. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:987882. [PMID: 36210826 PMCID: PMC9537572 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.987882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
LS-102 is a new derivative of astragaloside IV (AGS IV) that has been shown to possess potentially significant cardioprotective effects. However, there are no reports concerning its interaction with human serum albumin (HSA) and toxicology in vertebrates. The present investigation was undertaken to characterize the interaction of AGS IV and LS-102 with HSA using equilibrium dialysis and UHPLC-MS/MS methods, along with computational methods. Notably, the effects of AGS IV and LS-102 were studied in vivo using the zebrafish embryo model. Markers related to embryonic cardiotoxicity and thrombosis were evaluated. We showed that the plasma protein binding rate of AGS IV (94.04%–97.42%) was significantly higher than that of LS-102 (66.90%–69.35%). Through site marker competitive experiments and molecular docking, we found that AGS IV and LS-102 were located at the interface of subdomains IIA and IIIA, but the site I might be the primary binding site. Molecular dynamics revealed that AGS IV showed a higher binding free energy mainly due to the stronger hydrophobic and hydrogen bonding interactions. Moreover, the secondary structure implied no obvious effect on the protein structure and conformation during the binding of LS-102. LS-102 significantly ameliorated the astramizole-induced heart rate slowing, increased SV-BA spacing, and prevented arachidonic acid-induced thrombosis in zebrafish. To our knowledge, we are the first to reveal that LS-102 binds to HSA with reversible and moderate affinity, indicating its easy diffusion from the circulatory system to the target tissue, thereby providing significant insights into its pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties when spread in the human body. Our results also provide a reference for the rational clinical application of LS-102 in the cardiovascular field.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Jiao Wu
- State Key Laboratories for Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao, SAR, China
| | - Zhan-Hua Li
- State Key Laboratories for Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao, SAR, China
| | - Jiu-Yan Li
- State Key Laboratories for Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao, SAR, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Run-Yue Wang
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao-Yi Chen
- State Key Laboratories for Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao, SAR, China
| | - Lin-Sen Qing
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Lin-Sen Qing, ; Pei Luo,
| | - Pei Luo
- State Key Laboratories for Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao, SAR, China
- *Correspondence: Lin-Sen Qing, ; Pei Luo,
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25
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Ambur Sankaranarayanan R, Florea A, Allekotte S, Vogg ATJ, Maurer J, Schäfer L, Bolm C, Terhorst S, Classen A, Bauwens M, Morgenroth A, Mottaghy FM. PARP targeted Auger emitter therapy with [ 125I]PARPi-01 for triple-negative breast cancer. EJNMMI Res 2022; 12:60. [PMID: 36104637 PMCID: PMC9474773 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-022-00932-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) lacks biomarkers for targeted therapy. Auger emitters display the best therapeutic effect, if delivered directly into the nucleus proximal to DNA. The nuclear protein Poly (ADP-ribose)-Polymerase 1 (PARP1) is a suitable target against which few inhibitors (PARPi) are clinically approved for treatment of breast cancer with germline BRCA mutation (BRCAmut). In this study, a theranostic approach was investigated in a TNBC xenografted mouse model by radiolabelling a close derivative of a PARPi Olaparib (termed PARPi-01) with the Auger emitters 123/125I. METHODS TNBC cell line MDA-MB-231 was subcutaneously implanted in female NOD/SCID mice. At a tumour size of ~ 500mm3, [123I]PARPi-01 was administered intravenously, and SPECT/CT images were obtained at 4 h or 24 h post injection (p.i). A therapy study was performed with [125I]PARPi-01 in 4 doses (10 MBq/dose, 10 days apart). Tumour growth was monitored by CT scans longitudinally once per week. Upon reaching study endpoint, tissues were harvested and stained with TUNEL assay for detection of apoptosis induction. RESULTS SPECT/CT images showed rapid hepatobiliary tracer clearance at 4 h post injection (p.i.). Retention in thyroid at 24 h p.i. suggested tracer deiodination in vivo. The tumour and liver uptake were 0.2%ID/g and 2.5%ID/g, respectively. The tumour: blood ratio was 1.3. Endogenous therapy induced a significant delay in tumour growth (doubling time increased from 8.3 to 14.2 days), but no significant survival advantage. Significantly higher apoptosis ratio was observed in [125I]PARPi-01 treated tumour tissues. No radiotoxicity was detected in the liver and thyroid. CONCLUSION Considering the radio-cytotoxic effect in the tumour tissue and a delay on tumour doubling time, [125I]PARPi-01 presents a potential radiotherapeutics for treatment of TNBC. Improvements to overcome the suboptimal pharmacokinetics are necessary for its potential clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramya Ambur Sankaranarayanan
- grid.1957.a0000 0001 0728 696XDepartment of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Alexandru Florea
- grid.1957.a0000 0001 0728 696XDepartment of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany ,grid.412966.e0000 0004 0480 1382Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre (MUMC+), 6229HX Maastricht, The Netherlands ,grid.5012.60000 0001 0481 6099School for Cardiovascular Diseases (CARIM), Maastricht University, 6229HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Susanne Allekotte
- grid.1957.a0000 0001 0728 696XDepartment of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Andreas T. J. Vogg
- grid.1957.a0000 0001 0728 696XDepartment of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Jochen Maurer
- grid.1957.a0000 0001 0728 696XClinic for Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Laura Schäfer
- grid.1957.a0000 0001 0728 696XDepartment of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Carsten Bolm
- grid.1957.a0000 0001 0728 696XInstitute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Steven Terhorst
- grid.1957.a0000 0001 0728 696XInstitute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Arno Classen
- grid.1957.a0000 0001 0728 696XInstitute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Matthias Bauwens
- grid.1957.a0000 0001 0728 696XDepartment of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany ,grid.412966.e0000 0004 0480 1382Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre (MUMC+), 6229HX Maastricht, The Netherlands ,grid.5012.60000 0001 0481 6099Research School NUTRIM, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Agnieszka Morgenroth
- grid.1957.a0000 0001 0728 696XDepartment of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Felix M. Mottaghy
- grid.1957.a0000 0001 0728 696XDepartment of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany ,grid.412966.e0000 0004 0480 1382Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre (MUMC+), 6229HX Maastricht, The Netherlands ,grid.5012.60000 0001 0481 6099School for Cardiovascular Diseases (CARIM), Maastricht University, 6229HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
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26
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Tritscher P, Delannoy M, Agrinier N, Charmillon A, Degand N, Dellamonica J, Roger C, Leone M, Scala-Bertola J, Novy E. Assessment of current practice for β-lactam therapeutic drug monitoring in French ICUs in 2021: a nationwide cross-sectional survey. J Antimicrob Chemother 2022; 77:2650-2657. [PMID: 36059108 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkac291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current guidelines and literature support the use of therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) to optimize β-lactam treatment in adult ICU patients. OBJECTIVES To describe the current practice of β-lactam monitoring in French ICUs. METHODS A nationwide cross-sectional survey was conducted from February 2021 to July 2021 utilizing an online questionnaire that was sent as an email link to ICU specialists (one questionnaire per ICU). RESULTS Overall, 119 of 221 (53.8%) French ICUs participated. Eighty-seven (75%) respondents reported having access to β-lactam TDM, including 52 (59.8%) with on-site access. β-Lactam concentrations were available in 24-48 h and after 48 h for 36 (41.4%) and 26 (29.9%) respondents, respectively. Most respondents (n = 61; 70.1%) reported not knowing whether the β-lactam concentrations in the TDM results were expressed as unbound fractions or total concentrations. The 100% unbound fraction of the β-lactam above the MIC was the most frequent pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic target used (n = 62; 73.0%). CONCLUSIONS Despite the publication of international guidelines, β-lactam TDM is not optimally used in French ICUs. The two major barriers are β-lactam TDM interpretation and the required time for results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perrine Tritscher
- Université de Lorraine, CHRU-Nancy, Service d'anesthésie-réanimation et médecine péri-opératoire Brabois Adulte, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | - Matthieu Delannoy
- Université de Lorraine, CHRU-Nancy, Service d'anesthésie-réanimation et médecine péri-opératoire Brabois Adulte, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | - Nelly Agrinier
- Université de Lorraine, APEMAC, F-54000 Nancy, France.,CHRU-Nancy, INSERM, Université de Lorraine, CIC, Épidémiologie Clinique, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | - Alexandre Charmillon
- Université de Lorraine, CHRU-Nancy, Service de maladies infectieuses, coordonnateur équipe transversale en infectiologie, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | - Nicolas Degand
- Centre Hospitalier d'Antibes Juan les Pins, Service de Biologie, F-06600 Antibes, France
| | - Jean Dellamonica
- Université de Nice Cote d'Azur, CHU de Nice, Service de médecine intensive et réanimation, F-06202 Nice, France.,UR2CA Unité de Recherche Clinique Côte d'Azur, Université Cote d'Azur, F-06202 Nice, France
| | - Claire Roger
- CHU Nîmes, Service des Réanimations, Pôle Anesthésie Réanimation Douleur Urgence, F-30000 Nîmes, France.,UR UM 103 IMAGINE, Université de Montpellier, F-34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Marc Leone
- Aix Marseille Université, APHM, Hôpital Nord, Service d'anesthésie et de Réanimation, F-13015 Marseille, France
| | - Julien Scala-Bertola
- Université de Lorraine, CHRU-Nancy, Service de pharmacologie Clinique et toxicologie, F-54000 Nancy, France.,Université de Lorraine, CNRS, IMoPA, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | - Emmanuel Novy
- Université de Lorraine, CHRU-Nancy, Service d'anesthésie-réanimation et médecine péri-opératoire Brabois Adulte, F-54000 Nancy, France.,Université de Lorraine, SIMPA, F-54000 Nancy, France
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Protein Binding in Translational Antimicrobial Development-Focus on Interspecies Differences. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11070923. [PMID: 35884177 PMCID: PMC9311574 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11070923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Introduction: Plasma protein binding (PPB) continues to be a key aspect of antibiotic development and clinical use. PPB is essential to understand several properties of drug candidates, including antimicrobial activity, drug-drug interaction, drug clearance, volume of distribution, and therapeutic index. Focus areas of the review: In this review, we discuss the basics of PPB, including the main drug binding proteins i.e., Albumin and α-1-acid glycoprotein (AAG). Furthermore, we present the effects of PPB on the antimicrobial activity of antibiotics and the current role of PPB in in vitro pharmacodynamic (PD) models of antibiotics. Moreover, the effect of PPB on the PK/PD of antibiotics has been discussed in this review. A key aspect of this paper is a concise evaluation of PPB between animal species (dog, rat, mouse, rabbit and monkey) and humans. Our statistical analysis of the data available in the literature suggests a significant difference between antibiotic binding in humans and that of dogs or mice, with the majority of measurements from the pre-clinical species falling within five-fold of the human plasma value. Conversely, no significant difference in binding was found between humans and rats, rabbits, or monkeys. This information may be helpful for drug researchers to select the most relevant animal species in which the metabolism of a compound can be studied for extrapolating the results to humans. Furthermore, state-of-the-art methods for determining PPB such as equilibrium dialysis, ultracentrifugation, microdialysis, gel filtration, chromatographic methods and fluorescence spectroscopy are highlighted with their advantages and disadvantages.
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Hu H, Quintana J, Weissleder R, Parangi S, Miller M. Deciphering albumin-directed drug delivery by imaging. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 185:114237. [PMID: 35364124 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Albumin is the most abundant plasma protein, exhibits extended circulating half-life, and its properties have long been exploited for diagnostics and therapies. Many drugs intrinsically bind albumin or have been designed to do so, yet questions remain about true rate limiting factors that govern albumin-based transport and their pharmacological impacts, particularly in advanced solid cancers. Imaging techniques have been central to quantifying - at a molecular and single-cell level - the impact of mechanisms such as phagocytic immune cell signaling, FcRn-mediated recycling, oncogene-driven macropinocytosis, and albumin-drug interactions on spatial albumin deposition and related pharmacology. Macroscopic imaging of albumin-binding probes quantifies vessel structure, permeability, and supports efficiently targeted molecular imaging. Albumin-based imaging in patients and animal disease models thus offers a strategy to understand mechanisms, guide drug development and personalize treatments.
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Kim KM, Jung J, Lee JM, Yang HS, Bang J, Lee E, Choi B, Noh G. The expected advantage of administering prophylactic antibiotics using target‐ concentration controlled infusion: Development of a new pharmacokinetic model of cefazolin. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2022; 49:731-739. [DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Mi Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Asan Medical Center University of Ulsan College of Medicine Seoul South Korea
| | - Jiwon Jung
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Asan Medical Center University of Ulsan College of Medicine Seoul South Korea
| | - Jong Min Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine Daejeon Eulji University Hospital Eulji University School of Medicine Daejeon Korea
| | - Hong Seuk Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine Daejeon Eulji University Hospital Eulji University School of Medicine Daejeon Korea
| | - Ji‐Yeon Bang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Asan Medical Center University of Ulsan College of Medicine Seoul Korea
| | - Eun‐Kyung Lee
- Department of Statistics Ewha Womans University Seoul South Korea
| | - Byung‐Moon Choi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Asan Medical Center University of Ulsan College of Medicine Seoul South Korea
| | - Gyu‐Jeong Noh
- Departments of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Asan Medical Center University of Ulsan College of Medicine Seoul South Korea
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Xu Y, Zhang H, Li N, Ma W, Wang S, Sun J, Yang B. Preclinical Pharmacokinetic Studies of a Novel Diuretic Inhibiting Urea Transporters. Molecules 2022; 27:2451. [PMID: 35458649 PMCID: PMC9027532 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27082451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Urea transporter (UT) inhibitors are a class of promising novel diuretics that do not cause the imbalance of Na+, K+, Cl-, and other electrolytes. In our previous studies, 25a, a promising diuretic candidate inhibiting UT, was discovered and showed potent diuretic activities in rodents. Here, a sensitive liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for the quantitation of 25a in rat plasma, urine, feces, bile, and tissue homogenates was developed and validated to support the preclinical pharmacokinetic studies. The tissue distribution, excretion, and plasma protein binding were investigated in rats. After a single oral dose of 25a at 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg, the drug exposure increased linearly with the dose. The drug accumulation was observed after multiple oral doses compared to a single dose. In the distribution study, 25a exhibited a wide distribution to tissues with high blood perfusion, such as kidney, heart, lung, and spleen, and the lowest distribution in the brain and testis. The accumulative excretion rate of 25a was 0.14%, 3.16%, and 0.018% in urine, feces, and bile, respectively. The plasma protein binding of 25a was approximately 60% in rats and 40% in humans. This is the first study on the preclinical pharmacokinetic profiles of 25a.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (Y.X.); (H.Z.); (N.L.); (S.W.)
| | - Hang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (Y.X.); (H.Z.); (N.L.); (S.W.)
| | - Nannan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (Y.X.); (H.Z.); (N.L.); (S.W.)
| | - Wen Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China;
| | - Shuyuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (Y.X.); (H.Z.); (N.L.); (S.W.)
| | - Jianguo Sun
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang Street, Nanjing 210009, China;
| | - Baoxue Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (Y.X.); (H.Z.); (N.L.); (S.W.)
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31
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Davis RA, Hausner SH, Harris R, Sutcliffe JL. A Comparison of Evans Blue and 4-( p-Iodophenyl)butyryl Albumin Binding Moieties on an Integrin α vβ 6 Binding Peptide. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14040745. [PMID: 35456579 PMCID: PMC9025560 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14040745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Serum albumin binding moieties (ABMs) such as the Evans blue (EB) dye fragment and the 4-(p-iodophenyl)butyryl (IP) have been used to improve the pharmacokinetic profile of many radiopharmaceuticals. The goal of this work was to directly compare these two ABMs when conjugated to an integrin αvβ6 binding peptide (αvβ6-BP); a peptide that is currently being used for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging in patients with metastatic cancer. The ABM-modified αvβ6-BP peptides were synthesized with a 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetracetic acid (DOTA) chelator for radiolabeling with copper-64 to yield [64Cu]Cu DOTA-EB-αvβ6-BP ([64Cu]1) and [64Cu]Cu DOTA-IP-αvβ6-BP ([64Cu]2). Both peptides were evaluated in vitro for serum albumin binding, serum stability, and cell binding and internalization in the paired engineered melanoma cells DX3puroβ6 (αvβ6 +) and DX3puro (αvβ6 −), and pancreatic BxPC-3 (αvβ6 +) cells and in vivo in a BxPC-3 xenograft mouse model. Serum albumin binding for [64Cu]1 and [64Cu]2 was 53−63% and 42−44%, respectively, with good human serum stability (24 h: [64Cu]1 76%, [64Cu]2 90%). Selective αvβ6 cell binding was observed for both [64Cu]1 and [64Cu]2 (αvβ6 (+) cells: 30.3−55.8% and 48.5−60.2%, respectively, vs. αvβ6 (−) cells <3.1% for both). In vivo BxPC-3 tumor uptake for both peptides at 4 h was 5.29 ± 0.59 and 7.60 ± 0.43% ID/g ([64Cu]1 and [64Cu]2, respectively), and remained at 3.32 ± 0.46 and 4.91 ± 1.19% ID/g, respectively, at 72 h, representing a >3-fold improvement over the non-ABM parent peptide and thereby providing improved PET images. Comparing [64Cu]1 and [64Cu]2, the IP-ABM-αvβ6-BP [64Cu]2 displayed higher serum stability, higher tumor accumulation, and lower kidney and liver accumulation, resulting in better tumor-to-organ ratios for high contrast visualization of the αvβ6 (+) tumor by PET imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan A. Davis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA;
| | - Sven H. Hausner
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of California, Davis, CA 95817, USA; (S.H.H.); (R.H.)
| | - Rebecca Harris
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of California, Davis, CA 95817, USA; (S.H.H.); (R.H.)
| | - Julie L. Sutcliffe
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA;
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of California, Davis, CA 95817, USA; (S.H.H.); (R.H.)
- Center for Molecular and Genomic Imaging, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-916-734-5536
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32
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Henneberger L, Klüver N, Mühlenbrink M, Escher B. Trout and Human Plasma Protein Binding of Selected Pharmaceuticals Informs the Fish Plasma Model. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2022; 41:559-568. [PMID: 33201515 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Concerns are increasing that pharmaceuticals released into the environment pose a risk to nontarget organism such as fish. The fish plasma model is a read-across approach that uses human therapeutic blood plasma concentrations for estimating likely effects in fish. However, the fish plasma model neglects differences in plasma protein binding between fish and humans. Because binding data for fish plasma are scarce, the binding of 12 active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs; acidic, basic, and neutral) to rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and human plasma was measured using solid-phase microextraction (SPME). The plasma/water distribution ratios (D plasma/w ) of neutral and basic APIs were similar for trout and human plasma, differing by no more than a factor of 2.7 for a given API. For the acidic APIs, the D plasma/w values of trout plasma were much lower than for human plasma, by up to a factor of 71 for naproxen. The lower affinity of the acidic APIs to trout plasma compared with human plasma suggests that the bioavailability of these APIs is higher in trout. Read-across approaches like the fish plasma model should account for differences in plasma protein binding to avoid over- or underestimation of effects in fish. For the acidic APIs, the effect ratio of the fish plasma model would increase by a factor of 5 to 60 if the unbound plasma concentrations were used to calculate the effect ratio. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:559-568. © 2020 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nils Klüver
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Beate Escher
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
- Center for Applied Geoscience, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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33
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Miková B, Dvořák M, Ryšavá L, Malá Z, Gebauer P, Kubáň P. At-line coupling of hollow fiber liquid-phase microextraction to capillary electrophoresis for trace determination of acidic drugs in complex samples. Talanta 2022; 238:123068. [PMID: 34808568 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.123068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Direct analysis of complex samples is demonstrated by the at-line coupling of hollow fiber liquid-phase microextraction (HF-LPME) to capillary electrophoresis (CE). The hyphenation of the preparative and the analytical technique is achieved through a 3D-printed microextraction device with an HF located in a sample vial of a commercial CE instrument. The internal geometry of the device guides the CE separation capillary into the HF and the CE injection of the HF-LPME extract is performed directly from the HF lumen. The 3D-printing process ensures uniform dimensions of the devices, their constant position inside the sample vial, and excellent repeatability of the HF-LPME as well as the CE injection. The devices are cheap (∼0.01 €) and disposable, thus eliminating any possible sample-carryover, moreover, the at-line CE analysis of the extract is performed fully autonomously with no need for operator's intervention. The developed HF-LPME/CE-UV method is applied to the determination of acidic drugs in dried blood spot and wastewater samples and is characterized by excellent repeatability (RSD, 0.6-9.6%), linearity (r2, 0.9991-0.9999), enrichment (EF, 29-97), sensitivity (LOD, 0.2-3.4 μg/L), and sample throughput (7 samples/h). A further improvement of selected characteristics of the analytical method is achieved by the at-line coupling of HF-LPME to capillary isotachophoresis (ITP) with electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). The HF-LPME/ITP-ESI-MS system facilitates enhanced selectivity, matrix-free analytical signals, and up to 34-fold better sensitivity due to the use of ESI-MS detection and additional on-capillary ITP preconcentration of the HF-LPME extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanka Miková
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Veveří 97, CZ-60200, Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Analytical Chemistry, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, CZ-60200, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Miloš Dvořák
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Veveří 97, CZ-60200, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Ryšavá
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Veveří 97, CZ-60200, Brno, Czech Republic; Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 118, CZ-61200, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Zdenka Malá
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Veveří 97, CZ-60200, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Gebauer
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Veveří 97, CZ-60200, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Kubáň
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Veveří 97, CZ-60200, Brno, Czech Republic.
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Guimaraes G, Yuan L, Li P. Antisense Oligonucleotide In Vitro Protein Binding Determination in Plasma, Brain and Cerebral Spinal Fluid Using Hybridization LC-MS/MS. Drug Metab Dispos 2021; 50:268-276. [PMID: 34921096 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.121.000751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of quantitative models for prediction of drug pharmacokinetics based on in vitro data has transformed early drug discovery. Drug unbound fraction (ƒu) characterization is a key consideration in pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) modeling, assuming only unbound drug can interact with the target, and therefore has direct implications in the efficacy and potential toxicity of the drug. The current study describes the implementation of a hybridization LC-MS/MS platform for the direct quantitation of antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) ƒu The method provides substantial improvements including minimal matrix effects and high specificity when compared to previously used oligonucleotide ƒu detection methods such as ligand binding assays or liquid scintillation. The hybridization LC-MS/MS platform was integrated with ultracentrifugation, ultrafiltration and equilibrium dialysis, and method performance for each technique was evaluated. While ASO protein binding has been previously characterized in plasma, there were no studies that quantitated ASO ƒu in brain or CSF. As ASOs continue to undergo clinical trials for neurological and neuromuscular indications, ƒu characterization in brain and CSF can provide invaluable information about ASO distribution and target engagement in the central nervous system, therefore providing support for in vivo PK-PD data characterization. Significance Statement A novel hybridization LC-MS/MS based approach was successfully developed for the determination of ASO in vitro protein binding in plasma, and for the first time brain and cerebral spinal fluid. Ultrafiltration, equilibrium dialysis, and ultracentrifugation were assessed for the separation of unbound ASO from biological matrices. The hybridization LC-MS/MS platform provided unique advantages, including minimal matrix effects and high specificity, comparing to traditional ligand binding assays or liquid scintillation approaches, which enabled efficient and reliable in vitro protein binding assay.
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Manhas D, Gour A, Bhardwaj N, Sharma DK, Sharma K, Vij B, Jain SK, Singh G, Nandi U. Pharmacokinetic Assessment of Rottlerin from Mallotus philippensis Using a Highly Sensitive Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry-Based Bioanalytical Method. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:32637-32646. [PMID: 34901612 PMCID: PMC8655892 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c04266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Rottlerin is a key bioactive phytoconstituent present in the pericarp of Mallotus philippensis. It shows promising multifaceted pharmacological actions against cancer. However, there is hardly any report for the quantification of rottlerin in the biological matrix and on its pharmacokinetic behavior. Therefore, we aimed in the present study to assess selective in vitro ADME properties and in vivo pharmacokinetics of isolated and characterized rottlerin using a newly developed and validated liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry-based highly sensitive bioanalytical method. The method was found to be simple (mobile phase and analytical column), sensitive (1.9 ng/mL), and rapid (run time of 2.5 min). All the validation parameters were within the acceptable criteria of the United States Food and Drug Administration's bioanalytical method validation guideline. The method was found to be very useful to assess lipophilicity, plasma stability, metabolic stability, plasma protein binding of rottlerin, as well as its oral and intravenous pharmacokinetics in mice. Rottlerin showed a number of drug-like pharmacokinetic properties (in vitro). Moreover, it displayed an excellent half-life (>2 h) and oral bioavailability (>35%) as compared to other members of natural phenolics. The present study is the first-time report of in vitro ADME properties and in vivo preclinical pharmacokinetics of rottlerin. The generated information is very much useful for its further development as a phytotherapeutics toward cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diksha Manhas
- PK-PD
Toxicology (PPT) Division, CSIR-Indian Institute
of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir 180001, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India
| | - Abhishek Gour
- PK-PD
Toxicology (PPT) Division, CSIR-Indian Institute
of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir 180001, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India
| | - Nivedita Bhardwaj
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Deepak K. Sharma
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Kuhu Sharma
- PK-PD
Toxicology (PPT) Division, CSIR-Indian Institute
of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir 180001, India
| | - Bhavna Vij
- PK-PD
Toxicology (PPT) Division, CSIR-Indian Institute
of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir 180001, India
| | - Shreyans K. Jain
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Gurdarshan Singh
- PK-PD
Toxicology (PPT) Division, CSIR-Indian Institute
of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir 180001, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India
| | - Utpal Nandi
- PK-PD
Toxicology (PPT) Division, CSIR-Indian Institute
of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir 180001, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India
- ,
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Enantioresolution and Binding Affinity Studies on Human Serum Albumin: Recent Applications and Trends. CHEMOSENSORS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors9110304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The interaction between proteins and drugs or other bioactive compounds has been widely explored over the past years. Several methods for analysis of this phenomenon have been developed and improved. Nowadays, increasing attention is paid to innovative methods, such as high performance affinity liquid chromatography (HPALC) and affinity capillary electrophoresis (ACE), taking into account various advantages. Moreover, the development of separation methods for the analysis and resolution of chiral drugs has been an area of ongoing interest in analytical and medicinal chemistry research. In addition to bioaffinity binding studies, both HPALC and ACE al-low one to perform other type of analyses, namely, displacement studies and enantioseparation of racemic or enantiomeric mixtures. Actually, proteins used as chiral selectors in chromatographic and electrophoretic methods have unique enantioselective properties demonstrating suitability for the enantioseparation of a large variety of chiral drugs or other bioactive compounds. This review is mainly focused in chromatographic and electrophoretic methods using human serum albumin (HSA), the most abundant plasma protein, as chiral selector for binding affinity analysis and enantioresolution of drugs. For both analytical purposes, updated examples are presented to highlight recent applications and current trends.
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Jorda A, Zeitlinger M. Preclinical Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Studies and Clinical Trials in the Drug Development Process of EMA-Approved Antibacterial Agents: A Review. Clin Pharmacokinet 2021; 59:1071-1084. [PMID: 32356105 PMCID: PMC7467913 DOI: 10.1007/s40262-020-00892-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Development of new antibacterial agents is necessary as drug-resistant bacteria are a threat to global health. In Europe, the European Medicines Agency has been guiding this development process for more than two decades. We investigated preclinical and clinical pre-approval studies to illuminate the current authorization process with emphasis on pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic approaches and clinical phases. All centrally authorized systemic antibacterial and antimycobacterial drugs within the European Union were included without any time restriction. Additionally, US Food and Drug Administration-approved antibiotics of the previous 3 years, which were not yet approved by the European Medicines Agency, were included. We focused on preclinical pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic studies and phase II and phase III clinical trials. Furthermore, we looked at the recommended dosing regimens and approved indications. In this review, we designed tree diagrams as a new means of illustrating the development process of antibiotics to relate pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic phase II and III studies to approved indications. We included 23 (European Medicines Agency, 18; US Food and Drug Administration, 5) antimicrobial agents. Tetracyclines, carbapenems, and cephalosporins were the leading classes. The recommended dosing intervals were significantly shorter in time- vs exposure-dependent drugs (median 8 vs 12, p = 0.006). The majority of approved indications (i.e., acute bacterial skin and soft-tissue infection, community-acquired pneumonia, complicated intra-abdominal infection, complicated urinary tract infection, and complicated skin and soft-tissue infection) used non-inferiority trials. Phase II and III clinical trials investigating community-acquired pneumonia involved the fewest patients. Some promising drugs were marketed in recent years; the individual steps to their authorizations are illuminated. We confirmed the relevance of preclinical pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic studies in dosing optimization and decision making in antimicrobial drug development. Non-inferiority clinical trials predominated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anselm Jorda
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Zeitlinger
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
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38
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Modelling and Control of Corticotropin Permeation from Hydrogels across a Natural Membrane in the Presence of Albumin. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9091674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Skin is a difficult barrier to overcome, especially for molecules with masses greater than 500 Da. It has been suggested that albumin may contribute to more effective penetration of many therapeutic substances. In this study, an attempt was made to use albumin in semi-solid formulations to increase the skin penetration of another peptide—corticotropin (ACTH). (2) Methods: Hydrogels were prepared at two concentrations: 15 mg/g and 20 mg/g corticotropin, then albumin was added to them in different stoichiometric ratios. The degree of ACTH release from hydrogels, both with and without albumin addition, was investigated. For selected hydrogels the process of corticotropin permeation through a model membrane, i.e., pig skin, was examined. (3) Results: The study of corticotropin release showed that the addition of albumin, depending on its amount, may delay or increase the release process. Similarly, a study of ACTH permeation through porcine skin showed that albumin can delay or increase and accelerate ACTH permeation. (4) Conclusions: Hydrogel, applicated on the skin surface, may prove to be a beneficial and convenient solution for patients. It is an innovative way of application ACTH that bypasses the gastrointestinal tract and may result in increased availability of the peptide and its efficacy.
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Roy KS, Nazdrajić E, Shimelis OI, Ross MJ, Chen Y, Cramer H, Pawliszyn J. Optimizing a High-Throughput Solid-Phase Microextraction System to Determine the Plasma Protein Binding of Drugs in Human Plasma. Anal Chem 2021; 93:11061-11065. [PMID: 34353028 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c01986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Plasma protein binding refers to the binding of a drug to plasma proteins after entering the body. The measurement of plasma protein binding is essential during drug development and in clinical practice, as it provides a more detailed understanding of the available free concentration of a drug in the blood, which is in turn critical for pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics studies. In addition, the accurate determination of the free concentration of a drug in the blood is also highly important for therapeutic drug monitoring and in personalized medicine. The present study uses C18-coated solid-phase microextraction 96-pin devices to determine the free concentrations of a set of drugs in plasma, as well as the plasma protein binding of drugs with a wide range of physicochemical properties. It should be noted that the extracted amounts used to calculate the binding constants and plasma protein bindings should be measured at respective equilibrium for plasma and phosphate buffer. Therefore, special attention is placed on properly determining the equilibration times required to correctly estimate the free concentrations of drugs in the investigated systems. The plasma protein binding values obtained with the 96-pin devices are consistent with those reported in the literature. The 96-pin device used in this research can be easily coupled with a Concept96 or other automated robotic systems to create an automated plasma protein binding determination protocol that is both more time and labor efficient compared to conventional equilibrium dialysis and ultrafiltration methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanchan Sinha Roy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Emir Nazdrajić
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Olga I Shimelis
- MilliporeSigma, 595 N. Harrison Road, Bellefonte, Pennsylvania 16823, United States
| | - M James Ross
- MilliporeSigma, 595 N. Harrison Road, Bellefonte, Pennsylvania 16823, United States
| | - Yong Chen
- MilliporeSigma, 595 N. Harrison Road, Bellefonte, Pennsylvania 16823, United States
| | - Hugh Cramer
- MilliporeSigma, 595 N. Harrison Road, Bellefonte, Pennsylvania 16823, United States
| | - Janusz Pawliszyn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
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Hausner SH, Bauer N, Davis RA, Ganguly T, Tang SYC, Sutcliffe JL. The Effects of an Albumin Binding Moiety on the Targeting and Pharmacokinetics of an Integrin α vβ 6-Selective Peptide Labeled with Aluminum [ 18F]Fluoride. Mol Imaging Biol 2021; 22:1543-1552. [PMID: 32383076 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-020-01500-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The αvβ6-BP peptide selectively targets the integrin αvβ6, a cell surface receptor recognized as a prognostic indicator for several challenging malignancies. Given that the 4-[18F]fluorobenzoyl (FBA)-labeled peptide is a promising PET imaging agent, radiolabeling via aluminum [18F]fluoride chelation and introduction of an albumin binding moiety (ABM) have the potential to considerably simplify radiochemistry and improve the pharmacokinetics by increasing biological half-life. PROCEDURES The peptides NOTA-αvβ6-BP (1) and NOTA-K(ABM)-αvβ6-BP (2) were synthesized on solid phase, radiolabeled with aluminum [18F]fluoride, and evaluated in vitro (integrin ELISA, albumin binding, cell studies) and in vivo in mouse models bearing paired DX3puroβ6 [αvβ6(+)]/DX3puro [αvβ6(-)], and for [18F]AlF 2, BxPC-3 [αvβ6(+)] cell xenografts (PET imaging, biodistribution). RESULTS The peptides were radiolabeled in 23.0 ± 5.7 % and 22.1 ± 4.4 % decay-corrected radiochemical yield, respectively, for [18F]AlF 1 and [18F]AlF 2. Both demonstrated excellent affinity and selectivity for integrin αvβ6 by ELISA (IC50(αvβ6) = 3-7 nM vs IC50(αvβ3) > 10 μM) and in cell binding studies (51.0 ± 0.7 % and 47.2 ± 0.7 % of total radioactivity bound to DX3puroβ6 cells at 1 h, respectively, vs. ≤ 1.2 % to DX3puro for both compounds). The radiotracer [18F]AlF 1 bound to human serum at 16.3 ± 1.9 %, compared to 67.5 ± 1.0 % for the ABM-containing [18F]AlF 2. In vivo studies confirmed the effect of the ABM on blood circulation (≤ 0.1 % ID/g remaining in blood for [18F]AlF 1 as soon as 1 h p.i. vs. > 2 % ID/g for [18F]AlF 2 at 6 h p.i.) and higher αvβ6(+) tumor uptake (4 h: DX3puroβ6; [18F]AlF 1: 3.0 ± 0.7 % ID/g, [18F]AlF 2: 7.2 ± 0.7 % ID/g; BxPC-3; [18F]AlF 2: 10.2 ± 0.1 % ID/g). CONCLUSION Both compounds were prepared using standard chemistries; affinity and selectivity for integrin αvβ6 in vitro remained unaffected by the albumin binding moiety. In vivo, the albumin binding moiety resulted in prolonged circulation and higher αvβ6-targeted uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven H Hausner
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Nadine Bauer
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Ryan A Davis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Tanushree Ganguly
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Sarah Y C Tang
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Julie L Sutcliffe
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA. .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA. .,Center for Molecular and Genomic Imaging, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
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Ahmad S, Baker D, Murnane D, Spooner N, Gerhard U. Solid-phase microextraction for assessment of plasma protein binding, a complement to rapid equilibrium dialysis. Bioanalysis 2021; 13:1101-1111. [PMID: 34275331 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2021-0109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Determination of plasma protein binding (PPB) is considered vital for better understanding of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic activities of drugs due to the role of free concentration in pharmacological response. Methodology & results: Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) was investigated for measurement of PPB from biological matrices and compared with a gold standard approach (rapid equilibrium dialysis [RED]). Discussion & conclusion: SPME-derived values of PPB correlated well with literature values, and those determined by RED. Respectively, average protein binding across three concentrations by RED and SPME was 33.1 and 31.7% for metoprolol, 89.0 and 86.6% for propranolol and 99.2 and 99.0% for diclofenac. This study generates some evidence for SPME as an alternative platform for the determination of PPB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheelan Ahmad
- Research & Development, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, UK
- Department of Clinical, School of Life & Medical Sciences, Pharmaceutical & Biological Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK
| | - Daniel Baker
- Department of Clinical, School of Life & Medical Sciences, Pharmaceutical & Biological Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK
| | - Darragh Murnane
- Department of Clinical, School of Life & Medical Sciences, Pharmaceutical & Biological Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK
| | - Neil Spooner
- Department of Clinical, School of Life & Medical Sciences, Pharmaceutical & Biological Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK
- Spooner Bioanalytical Solutions Ltd., Hertford, UK
| | - Ute Gerhard
- Department of Clinical, School of Life & Medical Sciences, Pharmaceutical & Biological Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK
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Gijsen M, Dreesen E, Van Daele R, Annaert P, Debaveye Y, Wauters J, Spriet I. Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Target Attainment Based on Measured versus Predicted Unbound Ceftriaxone Concentrations in Critically Ill Patients with Pneumonia: An Observational Cohort Study. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:557. [PMID: 34064676 PMCID: PMC8151456 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10050557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The impact of ceftriaxone pharmacokinetic alterations on protein binding and PK/PD target attainment still remains unclear. We evaluated pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) target attainment of unbound ceftriaxone in critically ill patients with severe community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Besides, we evaluated the accuracy of predicted vs. measured unbound ceftriaxone concentrations, and its impact on PK/PD target attainment. A prospective observational cohort study was carried out in adult patients admitted to the intensive care unit with severe CAP. Ceftriaxone 2 g q24h intermittent infusion was administered to all patients. Successful PK/PD target attainment was defined as unbound trough concentrations above 1 or 4 mg/L throughout the whole dosing interval. Acceptable overall PK/PD target attainment was defined as successful target attainment in ≥90% of all dosing intervals. Measured unbound ceftriaxone concentrations (CEFu) were compared to unbound concentrations predicted from various protein binding models. Thirty-one patients were included. The 1 mg/L and 4 mg/L targets were reached in 26/32 (81%) and 15/32 (47%) trough samples, respectively. Increased renal function was associated with the failure to attain both PK/PD targets. Unbound ceftriaxone concentrations predicted by the protein binding model developed in the present study showed acceptable bias and precision and had no major impact on PK/PD target attainment. We showed suboptimal (i.e., <90%) unbound ceftriaxone PK/PD target attainment when using a standard 2 g q24h dosing regimen in critically ill patients with severe CAP. Renal function was the major driver for the failure to attain the predefined targets, in accordance with results found in general and septic ICU patients. Interestingly, CEFu was reliably predicted from CEFt without major impact on clinical decisions regarding PK/PD target attainment. This suggests that, when carefully selecting a protein binding model, CEFu does not need to be measured. As a result, the turn-around time and cost for ceftriaxone quantification can be substantially reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Gijsen
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (E.D.); (R.V.D.); (I.S.)
- Pharmacy Department, UZ Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Erwin Dreesen
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (E.D.); (R.V.D.); (I.S.)
- Uppsala Pharmacometrics Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, 751 05 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ruth Van Daele
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (E.D.); (R.V.D.); (I.S.)
- Pharmacy Department, UZ Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Pieter Annaert
- Drug Delivery and Disposition, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium;
- BioNotus, Galileilaan 15, 2845 Niel, Belgium
| | - Yves Debaveye
- Laboratory for Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium;
| | - Joost Wauters
- Laboratory for Clinical Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium;
| | - Isabel Spriet
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (E.D.); (R.V.D.); (I.S.)
- Pharmacy Department, UZ Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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Dong WC, Guo JL, Wu XK, Zhao MQ, Li HR, Zhang ZQ, Jiang Y. Relationship Between the Free and Total Methotrexate Plasma Concentration in Children and Application to Predict the Toxicity of HD-MTX. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:636975. [PMID: 33995039 PMCID: PMC8118665 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.636975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
High-dose methotrexate (HD-MTX) can be highly effective as well as extremely toxic. Many drug molecules can bind to plasma proteins to different extents in vivo, whereas only the free drug can reach the site of action to exert a pharmacological effect and cause toxicity. However, free MTX concentrations in plasma have not been reported. Traditional analyses of free drugs are both cumbersome and inaccurate. We collected 92 plasma samples from 52 children diagnosed with ALL or NHL or other lymphomas that were treated with HD-MTX. The hollow fiber centrifugal ultrafiltration (HFCF-UF) was used to prepare plasma samples for analysis of the free MTX concentration. Protein precipitation was employed to measure the total MTX concentration. The HFCF-UF is a simple method involving a step of ordinary centrifugation; the validation parameters for the methodological results were satisfactory and fell within the acceptance criteria. A linearity coefficient r2 of 0.910 was obtained for the correlation between the free and total MTX plasma concentrations in 92 plasma samples. However, the free and total MTX concentrations was only weakly correlated in 16 clinical plasma specimens with total MTX concentrations >2 μmol L−1 (r2 = 0.760). Both the free and total MTX concentrations at 42 h were negatively correlated with the creatinine clearance (CCr) level (P = 0.023, r = −0.236 for total MTX and P = 0.020, r = −0.241for free MTX, respectively). The free MTX concentration could not be accurately estimated from the total MTX concentration for patients with high MTX levels which are conditions under which toxic reactions are more likely to occur. High plasma MTX levels could become a predictor of the occurrence of MTX nephrotoxicity to draw people's attention. The proposed HFCF-UF method is a simple and accurate way to evaluate efficacy and toxicity in clinical therapeutic drug monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Chong Dong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,Department of Pharmacy, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jia-Liang Guo
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xi-Kun Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Meng-Qiang Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Hao-Ran Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Zhi-Qing Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Ye Jiang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
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Schießer S, Hitzenbichler F, Kees MG, Kratzer A, Lubnow M, Salzberger B, Kees F, Dorn C. Measurement of Free Plasma Concentrations of Beta-Lactam Antibiotics: An Applicability Study in Intensive Care Unit Patients. Ther Drug Monit 2021; 43:264-270. [PMID: 33086362 DOI: 10.1097/ftd.0000000000000827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The antibacterial effect of antibiotics is linked to the free drug concentration. This study investigated the applicability of an ultrafiltration method to determine free plasma concentrations of beta-lactam antibiotics in ICU patients. METHODS Eligible patients included adult ICU patients treated with ceftazidime (CAZ), meropenem (MEM), piperacillin (PIP)/tazobactam (TAZ), or flucloxacillin (FXN) by continuous infusion. Up to 2 arterial blood samples were drawn at steady state. Patients could be included more than once if they received another antibiotic. Free drug concentrations were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection after ultrafiltration, using a method that maintained physiological conditions (pH 7.4/37°C). Total drug concentrations were determined to calculate the unbound fraction. In a post-hoc analysis, free concentrations were compared with the target value of 4× the epidemiological cut-off value (ECOFF) for Pseudomonas aeruginosa as a worst-case scenario for empirical therapy with CAZ, MEM or PIP/tazobactam and against methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus for targeted therapy with FXN. RESULTS Fifty different antibiotic treatment periods in 38 patients were evaluated. The concentrations of the antibiotics showed a wide range because of the fixed dosing regimen in a mixed population with variable kidney function. The mean unbound fractions (fu) of CAZ, MEM, and PIP were 102.5%, 98.4%, and 95.7%, with interpatient variability of <6%. The mean fu of FXN was 11.6%, with interpatient variability of 39%. It was observed that 2 of 12 free concentrations of CAZ, 1 of 40 concentrations of MEM, and 11 of 23 concentrations of PIP were below the applied target concentration of 4 × ECOFF for P. aeruginosa. All concentrations of FXN (9 samples from 6 patients) were >8 × ECOFF for methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus. CONCLUSIONS For therapeutic drug monitoring purposes, measuring total or free concentrations of CAZ, MEM, or PIP is seemingly adequate. For highly protein-bound beta-lactams such as FXN, free concentrations should be favored in ICU patients with prevalent hypoalbuminemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selina Schießer
- Departments of Infection Prevention and Infectious Diseases and
| | | | | | | | - Matthias Lubnow
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Regensburg
| | | | - Frieder Kees
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Dorn
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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Challenges of reducing protein-bound uremic toxin levels in chronic kidney disease and end stage renal disease. Transl Res 2021; 229:115-134. [PMID: 32891787 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2020.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in the worldwide population is currently estimated between 11% and 13%. Adequate renal clearance is compromised in these patients and the accumulation of a large number of uremic retention solutes results in an irreversible worsening of renal function which can lead to end stage renal disease (ESRD). Approximately three million ESRD patients currently receive renal replacement therapies (RRTs), such as hemodialysis, which only partially restore kidney function, as they are only efficient in removing mainly small, unbound solutes from the circulation while leaving larger and protein-bound uremic toxins (PBUTs) untouched. The accumulation of PBUTs in patients highly increases the risk of cardiovascular events and is associated with higher mortality and morbidity in CKD and ESRD. In this review, we address several strategies currently being explored toward reducing PBUT concentrations, including clinical and medical approaches, therapeutic techniques, and recent developments in RRT technology. These include preservation of renal function, limitation of colon derived PBUTs, oral sorbents, adsorbent RRT technology, and use of albumin displacers. Despite the promising results of the different approaches to promote enhanced removal of a small percentage of the more than 30 identified PBUTs, on their own, none of them provide a treatment with the required efficiency, safety and cost-effectiveness to prevent CKD-related complications and decrease mortality and morbidity in ESRD.
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Abstract
Plasma protein binding plays a critical role in drug therapy, being a key part in the characterization of any compound. Among other methods, this process is largely studied by ultrafiltration based on its advantages. However, the method also has some limitations that could negatively influence the experimental results. The aim of this study was to underline key aspects regarding the limitations of the ultrafiltration method, and the potential ways to overcome them. The main limitations are given by the non-specific binding of the substances, the effect of the volume ratio obtained, and the need of a rigorous control of the experimental conditions, especially pH and temperature. This review presents a variety of methods that can hypothetically reduce the limitations, and concludes that ultrafiltration remains a reliable method for the study of protein binding. However, the methodology of the study should be carefully chosen.
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Abstract
The study of enzyme kinetics in drug metabolism involves assessment of rates of metabolism and inhibitory potencies over a suitable concentration range. In all but the very simplest in vitro system, these drug concentrations can be influenced by a variety of nonspecific binding reservoirs that can reduce the available concentration to the enzyme system(s) under investigation. As a consequence, the apparent kinetic parameters, such as Km or Ki, that are derived can deviate from the true values. There are a number of sources of these nonspecific binding depots or barriers, including membrane permeation and partitioning, plasma or serum protein binding, and incubational binding. In the latter case, this includes binding to the assay apparatus as well as biological depots, depending on the characteristics of the in vitro matrix being used. Given the wide array of subcellular, cellular, and recombinant enzyme systems utilized in drug metabolism, each of these has different components which can influence the free drug concentration. The physicochemical properties of the test compound are also paramount in determining the influential factors in any deviation between true and apparent kinetic behavior. This chapter describes the underlying mechanisms determining the free drug concentration in vitro and how these factors can be accounted for in drug metabolism studies, illustrated with case studies from the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nigel J Waters
- Preclinical Development, Black Diamond Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - R Scott Obach
- Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer Inc, Groton, CT, USA
| | - Li Di
- Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer Inc, Groton, CT, USA
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Smit IA, Afzal AM, Allen CHG, Svensson F, Hanser T, Bender A. Systematic Analysis of Protein Targets Associated with Adverse Events of Drugs from Clinical Trials and Postmarketing Reports. Chem Res Toxicol 2020; 34:365-384. [PMID: 33351593 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.0c00294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are undesired effects of medicines that can harm patients and are a significant source of attrition in drug development. ADRs are anticipated by routinely screening drugs against secondary pharmacology protein panels. However, there is still a lack of quantitative information on the links between these off-target proteins and the reporting of ADRs in humans. Here, we present a systematic analysis of associations between measured and predicted in vitro bioactivities of drugs and adverse events (AEs) in humans from two sources of data: the Side Effect Resource, derived from clinical trials, and the Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System, derived from postmarketing surveillance. The ratio of a drug's therapeutic unbound plasma concentration over the drug's in vitro potency against a given protein was used to select proteins most likely to be relevant to in vivo effects. In examining individual target bioactivities as predictors of AEs, we found a trade-off between the positive predictive value and the fraction of drugs with AEs that can be detected. However, considering sets of multiple targets for the same AE can help identify a greater fraction of AE-associated drugs. Of the 45 targets with statistically significant associations to AEs, 30 are included on existing safety target panels. The remaining 15 targets include 9 carbonic anhydrases, of which CA5B is significantly associated with cholestatic jaundice. We include the full quantitative data on associations between measured and predicted in vitro bioactivities and AEs in humans in this work, which can be used to make a more informed selection of safety profiling targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines A Smit
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Avid M Afzal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Chad H G Allen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Fredrik Svensson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Thierry Hanser
- Lhasa Limited, Granary Wharf House, 2 Canal Wharf, Leeds LS11 5PS, United Kingdom
| | - Andreas Bender
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
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A Photoalkylative Fluorogenic Probe of Guttiferone A for Live Cell Imaging and Proteome Labeling in Plasmodium falciparum. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25215139. [PMID: 33158263 PMCID: PMC7663766 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25215139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Guttiferone A (GA) 1, a polycyclic polyprenylated acylphloroglucinol (PPAP) isolated from the plant Symphonia globulifera (Clusiaceae), constitutes a novel hit in antimalarial drug discovery. PPAPs do not possess identified biochemical targets in malarial parasites up to now. Towards this aim, we designed and evaluated a natural product-derived photoactivatable probe AZC-GA 5, embedding a photoalkylative fluorogenic motif of the 7-azidocoumarin (AZC) type, devoted to studying the affinity proteins interacting with GA in Plasmodium falciparum. Probe 5 manifested a number of positive functional and biological features, such as (i) inhibitory activity in vitro against P. falciparum blood-stages that was superimposable to that of GA 1, dose–response photoalkylative fluorogenic properties (ii) in model conditions using bovine serum albumin (BSA) as an affinity protein surrogate, (iii) in live P. falciparum-infected erythrocytes, and (iv) in fresh P. falciparum cell lysate. Fluorogenic signals by photoactivated AZC-GA 5 in biological settings were markedly abolished in the presence of excess GA 1 as a competitor, indicating significant pharmacological specificity of the designed molecular probe relative to the native PPAP. These results open the way to identify the detected plasmodial proteins as putative drug targets for the natural product 1 by means of proteomic analysis.
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Van Brantegem P, Chatterjee S, De Bruyn T, Annaert P, Deferm N. Drug-induced cholestasis assay in primary hepatocytes. MethodsX 2020; 7:101080. [PMID: 33088729 PMCID: PMC7559231 DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2020.101080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug-induced cholestasis (DIC) is a major cause of clinical failure of drug candidates. Numerous patients worldwide are affected when exposed to marketed drugs exhibiting a DIC signature. Prospective identification of DIC during early compound development remains challenging. Here we describe the optimized in vitro procedure for early assessment and prediction of an increased DIC risk. Our method is based on three principles:•Exposure of primary human hepatocyte cultures to test compounds in the absence and presence of a physiologically relevant mixture of endogenous bile salts.•Rapid and quantitative assessment of the influence of concomitant bile salt exposure on hepatocyte functionality and integrity after 24 h or 48 h of incubation.•Translation of the in vitro result, expressed as a DIC index (DICI) value, into an in vivo safety margin.Using our historical control data, a new (data driven) DICI cut-off value of 0.78 was established for discerning cholestatic and non-cholestatic compounds. Our DIC assay protocol was further improved by now relying on the principle of the no observable adverse effect level (NOAEL) for determining the highest test compound concentration corresponding to a DICI ≥ 0.78. Predicted safety margin values were subsequently calculated for compounds displaying hepatotoxic and/or cholestatic effects in patients, thus enabling evaluation of the performance of our DIC assay. Of note, this assay can be extended to explore the role of drug metabolites in precipitating DIC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieter Van Brantegem
- KU Leuven Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sagnik Chatterjee
- Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, Biocon, Bristol-Myers Squibb R& D Center (BBRC), Syngene International Ltd., Bangalore, India
| | - Tom De Bruyn
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Pieter Annaert
- KU Leuven Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Neel Deferm
- KU Leuven Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Leuven, Belgium
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