1
|
Liao HT, Chen CH. Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase in Ankylosing Spondylitis. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2024; 49:677-681. [PMID: 37706515 DOI: 10.1097/brs.0000000000004817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Prospective case-control study. OBJECTIVE To explore the role of Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) in ankylosing spondylitis (AS). SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA AS substantially affects patients, impairing the range of motion in the whole spine and peripheral joints, as well as overall quality of life. However, surveillance for this condition is limited, and biomarkers that can predict disease activity are not well documented. PATIENTS AND METHODS The expression of the BTK gene in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was measured using flow cytometry and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction in 36 patients with AS and 30 healthy controls. Demographic features, Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score-C-reactive protein (CRP) based, Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index, Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index, HLA-B27, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and CRP were evaluated to identify factors associated with BTK expression. Analyses were performed using the Spearman rank correlation test for continuous data, the χ 2 test for categorical data, and that between continuous and dichotomous variables was measured using a point-biserial correlation test. The area under the curve of the receiver operating characteristic curve was used to assess the performance of each candidate biomarker. RESULTS BTK gene expression was significantly higher in patients with AS than in controls ( P = 0.026) according to quantitative polymerase chain reaction results. BTK Y223 was also high in CD19 + PBMCs from patients with AS, with CD 19+ BTK Y223+high cells being significantly positively correlated to ESR, CRP, and Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score. A negative association was observed between BTK expression and the chest expansion distance. The area under the curve for CD 19+ BTK Y223+ was larger than that for ESR, but CRP still had the largest area. CONCLUSIONS BTK expression was higher in PBMCs from patients with AS when compared with controls, and was associated with a higher disease activity index, inflammatory reactants, and arthritis and extra-articular manifestations. These findings suggest that BTK expression may play a crucial role in the inflammatory process in individuals with AS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hsien-Tzung Liao
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Faculty of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hsiung Chen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hussain S, Mursal M, Verma G, Hasan SM, Khan MF. Targeting oncogenic kinases: Insights on FDA approved tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 970:176484. [PMID: 38467235 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Protein kinases play pivotal roles in various biological functions, influencing cell differentiation, promoting survival, and regulating the cell cycle. The disruption of protein kinase activity is intricately linked to pathways in tumor development. This manuscript explores the transformative impact of protein kinase inhibitors on cancer therapy, particularly their efficacy in cases driven by targeted mutations. Focusing on key tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) like Bcr-Abl, Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR), and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor (VEGFR), it targets critical kinase families in cancer progression. Clinical trial details of these TKIs offer insights into their therapeutic potentials. Learning from FDA-approved kinase inhibitors, the review dissects trends in kinase drug development since imatinib's paradigm-shifting approval in 2001. TKIs have evolved into pivotal drugs, extending beyond oncology. Ongoing clinical trials explore novel kinase targets, revealing the vast potential within the human kinome. The manuscript provides a detailed analysis of advancements until 2022, discussing the roles of specific oncogenic protein kinases in cancer development and carcinogenesis. Our exploration on PubMed for relevant and significant TKIs undergoing pre-FDA approval phase III clinical trials enriches the discussion with valuable findings. While kinase inhibitors exhibit lower toxicity than traditional chemotherapy in cancer treatment, challenges like resistance and side effects emphasize the necessity of understanding resistance mechanisms, prompting the development of novel inhibitors like osimertinib targeting specific mutant proteins. The review advocates thorough research on effective combination therapies, highlighting the future development of more selective RTKIs to optimize patient-specific cancer treatment and reduce adverse events.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sahil Hussain
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Kursi Road, Lucknow, 226026, India
| | - Mohd Mursal
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Kursi Road, Lucknow, 226026, India
| | - Garima Verma
- RWE Specialist, HealthPlix Technologies, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560103, India
| | - Syed Misbahul Hasan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Kursi Road, Lucknow, 226026, India
| | - Mohemmed Faraz Khan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Kursi Road, Lucknow, 226026, India.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Liu H, Ding K, Zhang W, Xing L, Wang Y, Wang H, Song J, Li L, Fu R. A pilot study of orelabrutinib treatment in three cases of refractory/relapsed autoimmune haemolytic anaemia/Evans syndrome. Br J Haematol 2024; 204:1082-1085. [PMID: 37932927 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.19146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Currently, there is no effective treatment for refractory/relapsed (R/R) autoimmune haemolytic anaemia (AIHA), associated with poor quality of life. Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitors have begun to be used in some autoimmune diseases. We initiated the clinical trial of orelabrutinib treatment on R/R AIHA/Evans Syndrome, which is in progress. The preliminary results showed that nine of the 12 enrolled patients responded to orelabrutinib treatment. Here, we reported three cases who have completed the treatment and were followed up for 6 months, achieving complete or partial remission. Orelabrutinib is expected to become a new second-line treatment for R/R AIHA/Evans syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Liu
- Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Kai Ding
- Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Limin Xing
- Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Yihao Wang
- Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Huaquan Wang
- Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Jia Song
- Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Lijuan Li
- Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Rong Fu
- Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chen M, Du S, Cheng Y, Zhu X, Wang Y, Shu S, Men Y, He M, Wang H, He Z, Cai L, Zhu J, Wu Z, Li Y, Feng P. Safety, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of HWH486 capsules in healthy adults: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase I dose-escalation study. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 126:111285. [PMID: 38061118 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.111285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES HWH486 inhibits Bruton's tyrosine kinase and therefore shows promise as a treatment against rheumatoid arthritis and chronic spontaneous urticaria. This phase I trial assessed tolerability, safety, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of a single oral dose of HWH486 capsules in healthy adults. METHODS A single-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-escalation study from 10 to 800 mg was conducted in 96 healthy Chinese adults, of whom 80 received HWH486 and 16 received placebo. RESULTS A total of 96 subjects were enrolled, and all completed the study. In the HWH486 group, mean Tmax ranged from 1.03 to 2.00 h, and mean T1/2 ranged from 0.85 to 8.67 h across the dose range from 10 to 800 mg. Mean Cmax increased linearly with dose, while mean AUC0-t increased non-linearly. Occupancy of Bruton's tyrosine kinase peaked within 0.50-4.00 h after administration across the dose groups, and the delay until peak occupancy decreased with increasing dose. Twenty-five subjects (31.25 %) in the HWH486 group experienced 35 treatment-emergent adverse events, while four subjects (25.00 %) in the placebo group experienced eight such events. CONCLUSIONS HWH486 is well tolerated and safe in healthy adults, in whom it can strongly bind Bruton's tyrosine kinase. These findings justify clinical studies of HWH486 efficacy against autoimmune diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Man Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China; Clinical Trial Center and National Medical Products Administration Key Laboratory for Clinical Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drugs, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Shuangqing Du
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China; Clinical Trial Center and National Medical Products Administration Key Laboratory for Clinical Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drugs, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Yue Cheng
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China; Clinical Trial Center and National Medical Products Administration Key Laboratory for Clinical Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drugs, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohong Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China; Clinical Trial Center and National Medical Products Administration Key Laboratory for Clinical Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drugs, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China; Clinical Trial Center and National Medical Products Administration Key Laboratory for Clinical Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drugs, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Shiqing Shu
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China; Clinical Trial Center and National Medical Products Administration Key Laboratory for Clinical Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drugs, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Yuchun Men
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China; Clinical Trial Center and National Medical Products Administration Key Laboratory for Clinical Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drugs, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Miao He
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China; Clinical Trial Center and National Medical Products Administration Key Laboratory for Clinical Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drugs, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Huifang Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China; Clinical Trial Center and National Medical Products Administration Key Laboratory for Clinical Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drugs, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Zhenyu He
- Clinical Research Center, Hubei Bio Pharmaceutical Industry Technology Institute Inc., No. 666, Gaoxin Avenue, Wuhan East Lake Hitech Zone, Wuhan, Hubei 430223, China
| | - Ling Cai
- Clinical Research Center, Hubei Bio Pharmaceutical Industry Technology Institute Inc., No. 666, Gaoxin Avenue, Wuhan East Lake Hitech Zone, Wuhan, Hubei 430223, China
| | - Jie Zhu
- Clinical Research Center, Hubei Bio Pharmaceutical Industry Technology Institute Inc., No. 666, Gaoxin Avenue, Wuhan East Lake Hitech Zone, Wuhan, Hubei 430223, China
| | - Zhe Wu
- Clinical Research Center, Hubei Bio Pharmaceutical Industry Technology Institute Inc., No. 666, Gaoxin Avenue, Wuhan East Lake Hitech Zone, Wuhan, Hubei 430223, China
| | - Yuqiong Li
- Clinical Research Center, Hubei Bio Pharmaceutical Industry Technology Institute Inc., No. 666, Gaoxin Avenue, Wuhan East Lake Hitech Zone, Wuhan, Hubei 430223, China
| | - Ping Feng
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China; Clinical Trial Center and National Medical Products Administration Key Laboratory for Clinical Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drugs, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Comparison of Intermolecular Interactions of Irreversible and Reversible Inhibitors with Bruton’s Tyrosine Kinase via Molecular Dynamics Simulations. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27217451. [DOI: 10.3390/molecules27217451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK) is a key protein from the TEC family and is involved in B-cell lymphoma occurrence and development. Targeting BTK is therefore an effective strategy for B-cell lymphoma treatment. Since previous studies on BTK have been limited to structure-function analyses of static protein structures, the dynamics of conformational change of BTK upon inhibitor binding remain unclear. Here, molecular dynamics simulations were conducted to investigate the molecular mechanisms of association and dissociation of a reversible (ARQ531) and irreversible (ibrutinib) small-molecule inhibitor to/from BTK. The results indicated that the BTK kinase domain was found to be locked in an inactive state through local conformational changes in the DFG motif, and P-, A-, and gatekeeper loops. The binding of the inhibitors drove the outward rotation of the C-helix, resulting in the upfolded state of Trp395 and the formation of the salt bridge of Glu445-Arg544, which maintained the inactive conformation state. Met477 and Glu475 in the hinge region were found to be the key residues for inhibitor binding. These findings can be used to evaluate the inhibitory activity of the pharmacophore and applied to the design of effective BTK inhibitors. In addition, the drug resistance to the irreversible inhibitor Ibrutinib was mainly from the strong interaction of Cys481, which was evidenced by the mutational experiment, and further confirmed by the measurement of rupture force and rupture times from steered molecular dynamics simulation. Our results provide mechanistic insights into resistance against BTK-targeting drugs and the key interaction sites for the development of high-quality BTK inhibitors. The steered dynamics simulation also offers a means to rapidly assess the binding capacity of newly designed inhibitors.
Collapse
|
6
|
Ran F, Liu Y, Xu Z, Meng C, Yang D, Qian J, Deng X, Zhang Y, Ling Y. Recent development of BTK-based dual inhibitors in the treatment of cancers. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 233:114232. [PMID: 35247756 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) is a promising target in the treatment of various cancers. Despite the early success of BTK inhibitors in the clinic, these single-target drug therapies have limitations in their clinical applications, such as drug resistance. Several alternative strategies have been developed, including the use of dual inhibitors, to maximize the therapeutic potential of anticancer drugs. In this review, we highlight the scientific background and theoretical basis for developing BTK-based dual inhibitors, as well as the status of these agents in preclinical and clinical studies, and discuss further options in this field. We posit that these advances in BTK-based dual inhibitors confirm their feasibility for the treatment of refractory tumors, including those with drug resistance, and provide a framework for future drug design in this field. Accordingly, we anticipate increasingly rapid progress in the development of novel potent dual inhibitors and advanced clinical research on BTK-based dual inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fansheng Ran
- School of Pharmacy and Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Yun Liu
- School of Pharmacy and Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Zhongyuan Xu
- School of Pharmacy and Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Chi Meng
- School of Pharmacy and Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Dezhi Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563006, China
| | - Jianqiang Qian
- School of Pharmacy and Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Xuexian Deng
- School of Pharmacy and Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Yanan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy and Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China.
| | - Yong Ling
- School of Pharmacy and Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in Multiple Sclerosis: Pioneering the Path Towards Treatment of Progression? CNS Drugs 2022; 36:1019-1030. [PMID: 36178589 PMCID: PMC9550714 DOI: 10.1007/s40263-022-00951-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
In multiple sclerosis (MS) persisting disability can derive from acute relapses or, alternatively, from slow and steady deterioration, termed chronic progression. Emerging data suggest that the latter process occurs largely independent from relapse activity or development of new central nervous system (CNS) inflammatory lesions. Pathophysiologically, acute relapses develop as a consequence of de novo CNS infiltration of immune cells, while MS progression appears to be driven by a CNS-trapped inflammatory circuit between CNS-established hematopoietic cells as well as CNS-resident cells, such as microglia, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes. Within the last decades, powerful therapies have been developed to control relapse activity in MS. All of these agents were primarily designed to systemically target the peripheral immune system and/or to prevent CNS infiltration of immune cells. Based on the above described dichotomy of MS pathophysiology, it is understandable that these agents only exert minor effects on progression and that novel targets within the CNS have to be utilized to control MS progression independent of relapse activity. In this regard, one promising strategy may be the inhibition of the enzyme Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK), which is centrally involved in the activation of B cells as well as myeloid cells, such as macrophages and microglia. In this review, we discuss where and to what extent BTK is involved in the immunological and molecular cascades driving MS progression. We furthermore summarize all mechanistic, preclinical, and clinical data on the various BTK inhibitors (evobrutinib, tolebrutinib, fenebrutinib, remibrutinib, orelabrutinib, BIIB091) that are currently in development for treatment of MS, with a particular focus on the potential ability of either drug to control MS progression.
Collapse
|
8
|
Inhibition of Bruton Tyrosine Kinase Reduces Neuroimmune Cascade and Promotes Recovery after Spinal Cord Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010355. [PMID: 35008785 PMCID: PMC8745213 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglia/astrocyte and B cell neuroimmune responses are major contributors to the neurological deficits after traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI). Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) activation mechanistically links these neuroimmune mechanisms. Our objective is to use Ibrutinib, an FDA-approved BTK inhibitor, to inhibit the neuroimmune cascade thereby improving locomotor recovery after SCI. Rat models of contusive SCI, Western blot, immunofluorescence staining imaging, flow cytometry analysis, histological staining, and behavioral assessment were used to evaluate BTK activity, neuroimmune cascades, and functional outcomes. Both BTK expression and phosphorylation were increased at the lesion site at 2, 7, 14, and 28 days after SCI. Ibrutinib treatment (6 mg/kg/day, IP, starting 3 h post-injury for 7 or 14 days) reduced BTK activation and total BTK levels, attenuated the injury-induced elevations in Iba1, GFAP, CD138, and IgG at 7 or 14 days post-injury without reduction in CD45RA B cells, improved locomotor function (BBB scores), and resulted in a significant reduction in lesion volume and significant improvement in tissue-sparing 11 weeks post-injury. These results indicate that Ibrutinib exhibits neuroprotective effects by blocking excessive neuroimmune responses through BTK-mediated microglia/astroglial activation and B cell/antibody response in rat models of SCI. These data identify BTK as a potential therapeutic target for SCI.
Collapse
|
9
|
Lu X, Smaill JB, Patterson AV, Ding K. Discovery of Cysteine-targeting Covalent Protein Kinase Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2021; 65:58-83. [PMID: 34962782 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Small molecule covalent kinase inhibitors (CKIs) have entered a new era in drug discovery, which have the advantage for sustained target inhibition and high selectivity. An increased understanding of binding kinetics of CKIs and discovery of additional irreversible and reversible-covalent cysteine-targeted warheads has inspired the development of this area. Herein, we summarize the major medicinal chemistry strategies employed in the discovery of these representative CKIs, which are categorized by the location of the target cysteine within seven main regions of the kinase: the front region, the glycine rich loop (P-loop), the hinge region, the DFG region, the activation loop (A-loop), the catalytic loop (C-loop), and the remote loop. The emphasis is placed on the design and optimization strategies of CKIs that are generated by addition of a warhead to a reversible lead/inhibitor scaffold. In addition, we address the challenges facing this area of drug discovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jeff B Smaill
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand.,Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Adam V Patterson
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand.,Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Ke Ding
- School of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Du J. Synergistic effect of Bruton's tyrosine kinase and TNF‑α in the regulation of rheumatoid arthritis and underlying mechanisms. Exp Ther Med 2021; 23:141. [DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.11064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jinwan Du
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Chongqing Ninth People's Hospital, Beibei, Chongqing 400700, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ran F, Liu Y, Wang C, Xu Z, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Zhao G, Ling Y. Review of the development of BTK inhibitors in overcoming the clinical limitations of ibrutinib. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 229:114009. [PMID: 34839996 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.114009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) regulates multiple important signaling pathways and plays a key role in the proliferation, survival, and differentiation of B-lineage cells and myeloid cells. BTK is a promising target for the treatment of hematologic malignancies. Ibrutinib, the first-generation BTK inhibitor, was approved to treat several B-cell malignancies. Despite the remarkable potency and efficacy of ibrutinib against various lymphomas and leukemias in the clinics, there are also some clinical limitations, such as off-target toxicities and primary/acquired drug resistance. As strategies to overcome these challenges, second- and third-generation BTK inhibitors, BTK-PROTACs, as well as combination therapies have been explored. In this review, we summarize clinical developments of the first-, second- and third-generation BTK inhibitors, as well as recent advances in BTK-PROTACs and ibrutinib-based combination therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fansheng Ran
- School of Pharmacy and Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, PR China
| | - Yun Liu
- School of Pharmacy and Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Chen Wang
- School of Pharmacy and Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Zhongyuan Xu
- School of Pharmacy and Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Yanan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy and Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Guisen Zhao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, PR China.
| | - Yong Ling
- School of Pharmacy and Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Recent Advances in BTK Inhibitors for the Treatment of Inflammatory and Autoimmune Diseases. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26164907. [PMID: 34443496 PMCID: PMC8399599 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26164907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK) plays a crucial role in B-cell receptor and Fc receptor signaling pathways. BTK is also involved in the regulation of Toll-like receptors and chemokine receptors. Given the central role of BTK in immunity, BTK inhibition represents a promising therapeutic approach for the treatment of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Great efforts have been made in developing BTK inhibitors for potential clinical applications in inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. This review covers the recent development of BTK inhibitors at preclinical and clinical stages in treating these diseases. Individual examples of three types of inhibitors, namely covalent irreversible inhibitors, covalent reversible inhibitors, and non-covalent reversible inhibitors, are discussed with a focus on their structure, bioactivity and selectivity. Contrary to expectations, reversible BTK inhibitors have not yielded a significant breakthrough so far. The development of covalent, irreversible BTK inhibitors has progressed more rapidly. Many candidates entered different stages of clinical trials; tolebrutinib and evobrutinib are undergoing phase 3 clinical evaluation. Rilzabrutinib, a covalent reversible BTK inhibitor, is now in phase 3 clinical trials and also offers a promising future. An analysis of the protein–inhibitor interactions based on published co-crystal structures provides useful clues for the rational design of safe and effective small-molecule BTK inhibitors.
Collapse
|
13
|
Chang YY, Wu HL, Wang T, Fang H, Tong GY, Chen Y, Wang ZY, Chen W, Yu RQ. Three efficient chemometrics assisted fluorimetric detection methods for interference-free, rapid, and simultaneous determination of ibrutinib and pralatrexate in various complicated biological fluids. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 252:119419. [PMID: 33524816 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2020.119419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a series of green, interference-free fluorimetric detection methods of the excitation-emission matrix coupled with the second-order calibration methods were proposed for the determination of ibrutinib and pralatrexate in various complicated biological fluids. The second-order advantage of the proposed method can overcome the problem of poor selectivity caused by the wide spectra of the fluorescence method. Even in the presence of uncalibrated interferences and severe peak overlap, the signal of pure substance and accurate quantitative results were still obtained. The average recoveries of the three methods were 94.5-104.9% for Alternating Trilinear Decomposition (ATLD) algorithm, 95.5-105.8% for Alternating Normalization Weighted Error (ANWE) algorithm and 94.4-105.7% for Parallel Factor Analysis (PARAFAC) algorithm, respectively. For ATLD, ANWE and PARAFAC, the relative standard deviations (RSD) were lower than 9.2%, 6.8% and 9.2%, and the RMSEPs were less than 8.1, 8.4 and 8.6 ng mL-1, respectively. In addition, the elliptic joint confidence region (EJCR) was adopted to further prove the accuracy of the three methods. The results showed that the three methods can accurately be quantified without significant difference. Good figures of merit parameters were also obtained. Among them, the limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) of ibrutinib and pralatrexate were in the range of 0.11-0.76 ng mL-1 and 0.21-1.12 ng mL-1, respectively, which were lower than the corresponding blood concentrations. These results indicate that the proposed method provides a promising, alternative and universal analysis strategy for clinical drug monitoring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Yue Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Hai-Long Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China.
| | - Tong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Huan Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Gao-Yan Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Yue Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Zhao-Yang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Ru-Qin Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Kharkar PS. Computational Approaches for the Design of (Mutant-)Selective Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors: State-of-the-Art and Future Prospects. Curr Top Med Chem 2021; 20:1564-1575. [PMID: 32357816 DOI: 10.2174/1568026620666200502005853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Kinases remain one of the major attractive therapeutic targets for a large number of indications such as cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, cardiac failure and many others. Design and development of kinase inhibitors (ATP-competitive, allosteric or covalent) is a clinically validated and successful strategy in the pharmaceutical industry. The perks come with limitations, particularly the development of resistance to highly potent and selective inhibitors. When this happens, the cycle needs to be repeated, i.e., the design and development of kinase inhibitors active against the mutated forms. The complexity of tumor milieu makes it awfully difficult for these molecularly-targeted therapies to work. Every year newer and better versions of these agents are introduced in the clinic. Several computational approaches such as structure-, ligand-based or hybrid ones continue to live up to their potential in discovering novel kinase inhibitors. New schools of thought in this area continue to emerge, e.g., development of dual-target kinase inhibitors. But there are fundamental issues with this approach. It is indeed difficult to selectively optimize binding at two entirely different or related kinases. In addition to the conventional strategies, modern technologies (machine learning, deep learning, artificial intelligence, etc.) started yielding the results and building success stories. Computational tools invariably played a critical role in catalysing the phenomenal progress in kinase drug discovery field. The present review summarized the progress in utilizing computational methods and tools for discovering (mutant-)selective tyrosine kinase inhibitor drugs in the last three years (2017-2019). Representative investigations have been discussed, while others are merely listed. The author believes that the enthusiastic reader will be inspired to dig out the cited literature extensively to appreciate the progress made so far and the future prospects of the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prashant S Kharkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parekh Marg, Matunga, Mumbai 400 019, India
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Exploration of benzofuran-based compounds as potent and selective Plasmodium falciparum glycogen synthase kinase-3 (PfGSK-3) inhibitors. Bioorg Chem 2021; 112:104839. [PMID: 33813310 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.104839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Plasmodium falciparum glycogen synthase kinase-3 (PfGSK-3) has been identified as a potential target for the development of novel drugs against multi-drug resistant malaria. A series of benzofuran-based compounds was synthesised and evaluated as inhibitors of recombinantly expressed and purified PfGSK-3 and human glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta (HsGSK-3β). Of this series, five compounds (5k, 5m, 5p, 5r, 5s) preferentially inhibited PfGSK-3, with four of these compounds exhibiting IC50 values in the sub-micromolar range (0.00048-0.440 µM). Evaluation of the structure-activity relationships required for PfGSK-3 selective inhibition indicated that a C6-OCH3 substitution on ring A is preferred, while the effect of the ring B substituent on activity, in decreasing order is: C4'-CN > C4'-F > C3'-OCH3 > C3',4'-diCl. To date, development of PfGSK-3 inhibitors has been limited to the 4-phenylthieno[2,3-b]pyridine class. Chalcone-based scaffolds, such as the benzofurans described herein, are promising new hits which can be explored for future design of PfGSK-3 selective inhibitors.
Collapse
|
16
|
Liu J, Ting JP, Al-Azzam S, Ding Y, Afshar S. Therapeutic Advances in Diabetes, Autoimmune, and Neurological Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22062805. [PMID: 33802091 PMCID: PMC8001105 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22062805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Since 2015, 170 small molecules, 60 antibody-based entities, 12 peptides, and 15 gene- or cell-therapies have been approved by FDA for diverse disease indications. Recent advancement in medicine is facilitated by identification of new targets and mechanisms of actions, advancement in discovery and development platforms, and the emergence of novel technologies. Early disease detection, precision intervention, and personalized treatments have revolutionized patient care in the last decade. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of current and emerging therapeutic modalities developed in the recent years. We focus on nine diseases in three major therapeutics areas, diabetes, autoimmune, and neurological disorders. The pathogenesis of each disease at physiological and molecular levels is discussed and recently approved drugs as well as drugs in the clinic are presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinsha Liu
- Protein Engineering, Lilly Biotechnology Center, Eli Lilly and Company, San Diego, CA 92121, USA; (J.L.); (J.P.T.); (Y.D.)
| | - Joey Paolo Ting
- Protein Engineering, Lilly Biotechnology Center, Eli Lilly and Company, San Diego, CA 92121, USA; (J.L.); (J.P.T.); (Y.D.)
| | - Shams Al-Azzam
- Professional Scientific Services, Eurofins Lancaster Laboratories, Lancaster, PA 17605, USA;
| | - Yun Ding
- Protein Engineering, Lilly Biotechnology Center, Eli Lilly and Company, San Diego, CA 92121, USA; (J.L.); (J.P.T.); (Y.D.)
| | - Sepideh Afshar
- Protein Engineering, Lilly Biotechnology Center, Eli Lilly and Company, San Diego, CA 92121, USA; (J.L.); (J.P.T.); (Y.D.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
von Hundelshausen P, Siess W. Bleeding by Bruton Tyrosine Kinase-Inhibitors: Dependency on Drug Type and Disease. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:1103. [PMID: 33806595 PMCID: PMC7961939 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13051103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bruton tyrosine kinase (Btk) is expressed in B-lymphocytes, myeloid cells and platelets, and Btk-inhibitors (BTKi) are used to treat patients with B-cell malignancies, developed against autoimmune diseases, have been proposed as novel antithrombotic drugs, and been tested in patients with severe COVID-19. However, mild bleeding is frequent in patients with B-cell malignancies treated with the irreversible BTKi ibrutinib and the recently approved 2nd generation BTKi acalabrutinib, zanubrutinib and tirabrutinib, and also in volunteers receiving in a phase-1 study the novel irreversible BTKi BI-705564. In contrast, no bleeding has been reported in clinical trials of other BTKi. These include the brain-penetrant irreversible tolebrutinib and evobrutinib (against multiple sclerosis), the irreversible branebrutinib, the reversible BMS-986142 and fenebrutinib (targeting rheumatoid arthritis and lupus erythematodes), and the reversible covalent rilzabrutinib (against pemphigus and immune thrombocytopenia). Remibrutinib, a novel highly selective covalent BTKi, is currently in clinical studies of autoimmune dermatological disorders. This review describes twelve BTKi approved or in clinical trials. By focusing on their pharmacological properties, targeted disease, bleeding side effects and actions on platelets it attempts to clarify the mechanisms underlying bleeding. Specific platelet function tests in blood might help to estimate the probability of bleeding of newly developed BTKi.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philipp von Hundelshausen
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians University (LMU), 80336 Munich, Germany;
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Siess
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians University (LMU), 80336 Munich, Germany;
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, 80336 Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Maity S, Misra A, Wairkar S. Novel injectable carrier based corticosteroid therapy for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.102309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
19
|
Nadeem A, Ahmad SF, Al-Harbi NO, Ibrahim KE, Alqahtani F, Alanazi WA, Mahmood HM, Alsanea S, Attia SM. Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibition attenuates oxidative stress in systemic immune cells and renal compartment during sepsis-induced acute kidney injury in mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 90:107123. [PMID: 33168411 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.107123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis is a life-threatening condition which affects multiple organs including the kidney. Sepsis-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) is a major health burden throughout the globe. Pathogenesis of sepsis-induced AKI is complex; however, it involves both innate and adaptive immune cells such as B cells, T cells, dendritic cells (DCs), macrophages, and neutrophils. Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) is reportedly involved in inflammatory and oxidative signaling in different immune cells, however its contribution with respect to sepsis-induced AKI has not been delineated. This study attempted to investigate the role of BTK and its inhibition on oxidizing enzymes NADPH oxidase (NOX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in DCs, neutrophils, and B cells during AKI. Our data reveal that BTK is activated in DCs, neutrophils, and B cells which causes an increase in AKI associated biochemical markers such as serum creatinine/blood urea nitrogen, renal myeloperoxidase activity, and histopathological disturbances in renal tubular structures. Activation of BTK causes upregulation of NOX-2/iNOS/nitrotyrosine in these immune cells and kidney. Treatment with BTK inhibitor, Ibrutinib causes attenuation in AKI associated dysfunction in biochemical parameters (serum creatinine/blood urea nitrogen, renal myeloperoxidase activity) and oxidative stress in immune cells and kidney (iNOS/NOX2/lipid peroxides/nitrotyrosine/protein carbonyls). In summary, the current investigation reveals a compelling role of BTK signaling in sepsis-induced AKI which is evident from amelioration of AKI associated renal dysfunction after its inhibition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Nadeem
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Sheikh F Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naif O Al-Harbi
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid E Ibrahim
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faleh Alqahtani
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wael A Alanazi
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hafiz M Mahmood
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sary Alsanea
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sabry M Attia
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Blaess J, Walther J, Petitdemange A, Gottenberg JE, Sibilia J, Arnaud L, Felten R. Immunosuppressive agents for rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review of clinical trials and their current development stage. Ther Adv Musculoskelet Dis 2020; 12:1759720X20959971. [PMID: 33403019 PMCID: PMC7747097 DOI: 10.1177/1759720x20959971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims With the arrival of conventional synthetic (csDMARDs), biological (bDMARDS) and then targeted synthetic (tsDMARDs) disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs, the therapeutic arsenal against rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has recently expanded. However, there are still some unmet needs for patients who do not achieve remission and continue to worsen despite treatments. Of note, most randomized controlled trials show that, for methotrexate-inadequate responders, only 20% of patients are ACR70 responders. With our better understanding of RA pathogenesis, finding new treatments is a necessary challenge. The objective of our study was to analyse the whole pipeline of immunosuppressive and immunomodulating drugs evaluated in RA and describe their mechanisms of action and stage of clinical development. Methods We conducted a systematic review of all drugs in clinical development in RA, in 17 online registries of clinical trials. Results The search yielded 4652 trials, from which we identified 243 molecules. Those molecules belong to csDMARDs (n = 22), bDMARDs (n = 118), tsDMARDs (n = 103). Twenty-four molecules are already marketed in RA in at least one country: eight csDMARDs, 10 bDMARDs and six tsDMARDs. Molecules under current development are mainly bDMARDs (n = 34) and tsDMARDs (n = 33). Seven of those have reached phase III. A large number of molecules (150/243, 61.7%) have been withdrawn. Conclusion Despite the availability of 24 marketed molecules, the development of new targeted molecules is ongoing with a total of 243 molecules in RA. With seven molecules currently reaching phase III, we can expect an increase in the armamentarium in the years to come.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julien Blaess
- Department of Rheumatology, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Centre National de Référence des maladies auto-immunes et systémiques rares Est/Sud-Ouest (RESO), Strasbourg, France
| | - Julia Walther
- Department of Pharmacy, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Arthur Petitdemange
- Department of Rheumatology, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Centre National de Référence des maladies auto-immunes et systémiques rares Est/Sud-Ouest (RESO), Strasbourg, France
| | - Jacques-Eric Gottenberg
- Department of Rheumatology, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Centre National de Référence des maladies auto-immunes et systémiques rares Est/Sud-Ouest (RESO), Strasbourg, France
| | - Jean Sibilia
- Department of Rheumatology, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Centre National de Référence des maladies auto-immunes et systémiques rares Est/Sud-Ouest (RESO), Strasbourg, France
| | - Laurent Arnaud
- Department of Rheumatology, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Centre National de Référence des maladies auto-immunes et systémiques rares Est/Sud-Ouest (RESO), Strasbourg, France
| | - Renaud Felten
- Service de Rhumatologie, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Centre National de Référence des Maladies Autoimmunes et Systémiques Rares, Hôpital de Hautepierre, 1 Avenue Molière BP 83049, Strasbourg, Cedex, 67098, France
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
The prospects for targeting FcR as a novel therapeutic strategy in rheumatoid arthritis. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 183:114360. [PMID: 33301760 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic systemic autoimmune disease characterized by synovial membrane hyperplasia, infiltration of inflammatory cells and bone tissue destruction. Although there have been many measures taken for RA therapy in recent years, they are not sufficiently safe or effective. Thus, it is very important to develop new drugs and slow down damage to other healthy organs in the case of RA. Lately, immunoglobulin Fc receptors (FcRs), such as the IgG Fc receptor (FcγR), IgA Fc receptor (FcαR), and IgD Fc receptor (FcδR), have been found to be involved in inducing or suppressing arthritis. FcRs interacting with immune complexes (ICs) are a key factor in the etiopathogenesis of RA. Therefore, an increasing number of methodsfor the targeted treatment of RA with FcRs are emerging, such as recombinant soluble FcγRs, recombinant multimeric Fc fragments and monoclonal antibodies, and have been demonstrated to significantly improve RA symptoms. Simultaneously, certain kinases involved in the downstream signaling of FcRs can also be a target for the treatment of RA, such as Syk and Btk inhibitors. An overview of these FcRs is provided in this review, including a description of FcR-related functions, signaling pathways, and potential FcR-targeting molecules for RA therapy. To date, the initial results of those developed FcR-targeting molecules have been promising. With this, FcRs might offer a better alternative to RA medication. Additionally, further pharmacological characterization and a better understanding of the unique mechanisms of FcR-targeting molecules are necessary.
Collapse
|
22
|
Salina ACG, Brandt SL, Klopfenstein N, Blackman A, Bazzano JMR, Sá-Nunes A, Byers-Glosson N, Brodskyn C, Tavares NM, Da Silva IBS, Medeiros AI, Serezani CH. Leukotriene B 4 licenses inflammasome activation to enhance skin host defense. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:30619-30627. [PMID: 33184178 PMCID: PMC7720147 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2002732117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The initial production of inflammatory mediators dictates host defense as well as tissue injury. Inflammasome activation is a constituent of the inflammatory response by recognizing pathogen and host-derived products and eliciting the production of IL-1β and IL-18 in addition to inducing a type of inflammatory cell death termed "pyroptosis." Leukotriene B4 (LTB4) is a lipid mediator produced quickly (seconds to minutes) by phagocytes and induces chemotaxis, increases cytokine/chemokine production, and enhances antimicrobial effector functions. Whether LTB4 directly activates the inflammasome remains to be determined. Our data show that endogenously produced LTB4 is required for the expression of pro-IL-1β and enhances inflammasome assembly in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, LTB4-mediated Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) activation is required for inflammasome assembly in vivo as well for IL-1β-enhanced skin host defense. Together, these data unveil a new role for LTB4 in enhancing the expression and assembly of inflammasome components and suggest that while blocking LTB4 actions could be a promising therapeutic strategy to prevent inflammasome-mediated diseases, exogenous LTB4 can be used as an adjuvant to boost inflammasome-dependent host defense.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carolina Guerta Salina
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo 14800-903, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Stephanie L Brandt
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202-3082
| | - Nathan Klopfenstein
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
- Vanderbilt Institute of Infection, Immunology and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Amondrea Blackman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | | | - Anderson Sá-Nunes
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Nicole Byers-Glosson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202-3082
| | - Claudia Brodskyn
- Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Gonçalo Moniz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Salvador 40296-710, Brazil
| | | | | | - Alexandra I Medeiros
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo 14800-903, Brazil
| | - C Henrique Serezani
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232;
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
- Vanderbilt Institute of Infection, Immunology and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
- Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Martin E, Aigrot MS, Grenningloh R, Stankoff B, Lubetzki C, Boschert U, Zalc B. Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase Inhibition Promotes Myelin Repair. Brain Plast 2020; 5:123-133. [PMID: 33282676 PMCID: PMC7685672 DOI: 10.3233/bpl-200100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Microglia are the resident macrophages of the central nervous system (CNS). In multiple sclerosis (MS) and related experimental models, microglia have either a pro-inflammatory or a pro-regenerative/pro-remyelinating function. Inhibition of Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK), a member of the Tec family of kinases, has been shown to block differentiation of pro-inflammatory macrophages in response to granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor in vitro. However, the role of BTK in the CNS is unknown. Methods: Our aim was to investigate the effect of BTK inhibition on myelin repair in ex vivo and in vivo experimental models of demyelination and remyelination. The remyelination effect of a BTK inhibitor (BTKi; BTKi-1) was then investigated in LPC-induced demyelinated cerebellar organotypic slice cultures and metronidazole-induced demyelinated Xenopus MBP-GFP-NTR transgenic tadpoles. Results: Cellular detection of BTK and its activated form BTK-phospho-Y223 (p-BTK) was determined by immunohistochemistry in organotypic cerebellar slice cultures, before and after lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC)-induced demyelination. A low BTK signal detected by immunolabeling under normal conditions in cerebellar slices was in sharp contrast to an 8.5-fold increase in the number of BTK-positive cells observed in LPC-demyelinated slice cultures. Under both conditions, approximately 75% of cells expressing BTK and p-BTK were microglia and 25% were astrocytes. Compared with spontaneous recovery, treatment of demyelinated slice cultures and MTZ-demyelinated transgenic tadpoles with BTKi resulted in at least a 1.7-fold improvement of remyelination. Conclusion: Our data demonstrate that BTK inhibition is a promising therapeutic strategy for myelin repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Martin
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, CNRS, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière, GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Marie-Stéphane Aigrot
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, CNRS, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière, GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Roland Grenningloh
- EMD Serono Research & Development Institute, Inc., Billerica, MA, United States (a business of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany)
| | - Bruno Stankoff
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, CNRS, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière, GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, F-75013 Paris, France.,AP-HP, Saint-Antoine Hospital, F-75012 Paris, France
| | - Catherine Lubetzki
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, CNRS, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière, GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, F-75013 Paris, France.,AP-HP, GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Ursula Boschert
- Ares Trading S.A. an affiliate of Merck Serono S.A., Eysins, Switzerland
| | - Bernard Zalc
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, CNRS, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière, GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, F-75013 Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Pery N, Rizvi NB, Shafiq MI. Development of piperidinyl dipyrrrolopyridine-based dual inhibitors of Janus kinase and Bruton’s tyrosine kinase: a potential therapeutic probability to deal with rheumatoid arthritis. J Mol Model 2020; 26:235. [DOI: 10.1007/s00894-020-04512-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
25
|
Li X, Yang Y, Sun G, Dai W, Jie X, Du Y, Huang R, Zhang J. Promising targets and drugs in rheumatoid arthritis: a module-based and cumulatively scoring approach. Bone Joint Res 2020; 9:501-514. [PMID: 32922758 PMCID: PMC7468554 DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.98.bjr-2019-0301.r1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systematic autoimmune disorder, characterized by synovial inflammation, bone and cartilage destruction, and disease involvement in multiple organs. Although numerous drugs are employed in RA treatment, some respond little and suffer from severe side effects. This study aimed to screen the candidate therapeutic targets and promising drugs in a novel method. METHODS We developed a module-based and cumulatively scoring approach that is a deeper-layer application of weighted gene co-expression network (WGCNA) and connectivity map (CMap) based on the high-throughput datasets. RESULTS Four noteworthy RA-related modules were identified, revealing the immune- and infection-related biological processes and pathways involved in RA. HLA-DMA, HLA-DMB, HLA-DPA1, HLA-DPB1, HLA-DQB1, HLA-DRA, HLA-DRB1, BLNK, BTK, CD3D, CD4, IL2RG, INPP5D, LCK, PTPRC, RAC2, SYK, and VAV1 were recognized as the key hub genes with high connectivity in gene regulation networks and gene pathway networks. Moreover, the long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in the RA-related modules, such as FAM30A and NEAT1, were identified as the indispensable interactors with the hub genes. Finally, candidate drugs were screened by developing a cumulatively scoring approach based on the selected modules. Niclosamide and the other compounds of T-type calcium channel blocker, IKK inhibitor, and PKC activator, HIF activator, and proteasome inhibitor, which harbour the similar gene signature with niclosamide, were promising drugs with high specificity and broad coverage for the RA-related modules. CONCLUSION This study provides not only the promising targets and drugs for RA but also a novel methodological insight into the target and drug screening.Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2020;9(8):501-514.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xingyan Li
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yejing Yang
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Guili Sun
- Department of Nutriology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Wanwu Dai
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Xuri Jie
- Department of Hematology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yongjun Du
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Runjie Huang
- Second Clinical College, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiaming Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Cai XY, Zhu Y, Wang C, Tang XY, Han L, Shu JL, Zhang XZ, Liang FQ, Ge JR, Xu L, Mei D, Zhang LL, Wei W. Etanercept Inhibits B Cell Differentiation by Regulating TNFRII/TRAF2/NF- κB Signaling Pathway in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:676. [PMID: 32477138 PMCID: PMC7235293 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To explore the role of B cells in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and the potential effects and mechanisms of etanercept on B cells. Methods In RA patients, the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and B cell activating factor (BAFF) were detected by ELISA. The percentage of B cell subsets was measured by flow cytometry. Laboratory indicators (rheumatoid factor, C-reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate) and clinical indicators (disease activity score in 28 joints, health assessment questionnaire score, swollen joint counts, tender joint counts) were measured. The correlation between B cell subsets and laboratory indicators or clinical indicators was analyzed. In mice, B cells proliferation was detected by CCK-8 kit. The expression of TNFRII and the percentage of B cell subsets in spleen were detected by flow cytometry. The expressions of TRAF2, p38, P-p38, p65, P-p65 in B cells were detected by WB. Results The percentage of CD19−CD27+CD138+ plasma B cells was positively correlated with ESR or RF. Etanercept could decrease the percentage of CD19+ total B cells, CD19+CD27+ memory B cells and CD19−CD27+CD138+ plasma B cells, reduce the levels of TNF-α, BAFF, relieve clinical and laboratory indicators in RA patients. In addition, etanercept could inhibit the proliferation of B cells, bate the differentiation of transitional B cells to mature B cells, down-regulate the expression of TNFRII, TRAF2, P-p38, P-p65 in B cells. Conclusion B cells act a key role in the pathogenesis of RA. Etanercept inhibits B cells differentiation by down-regulating TNFRII/TRAF2/NF-κB signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yu Cai
- Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yue Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Tang
- Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Le Han
- Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jin-Ling Shu
- Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xian-Zheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Fa-Qin Liang
- Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jing-Ru Ge
- Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Li Xu
- Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Dan Mei
- Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Ling-Ling Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Catlett IM, Nowak M, Kundu S, Zheng N, Liu A, He B, Girgis IG, Grasela DM. Safety, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of branebrutinib (BMS-986195), a covalent, irreversible inhibitor of Bruton's tyrosine kinase: Randomised phase I, placebo-controlled trial in healthy participants. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2020; 86:1849-1859. [PMID: 32198939 PMCID: PMC7444767 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.14290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Branebrutinib (BMS‐986195) is a potent, highly selective, oral, small‐molecule, covalent inhibitor of Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK). This study evaluated safety, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of branebrutinib in healthy participants. Methods This double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, single‐ and multiple‐ascending dose (SAD; MAD) Phase I study (NCT02705989) enrolled participants into 3 parts: SAD, MAD and JMAD (MAD in first‐generation Japanese participants). In each part, participants were randomised 3:1 to receive branebrutinib (SAD: 0.3–30 mg; [J]MAD: 0.3–10 mg) or placebo. Participants in the MAD parts received branebrutinib daily for 14 days and were followed for 14 days postdosing. Safety was assessed by monitoring, laboratory and physical examinations, vital signs, and recording adverse events (AEs). Pharmacodynamics were assessed with a mass spectrometry assay that measured drug‐occupied and free BTK. Results The SAD, MAD and JMAD parts of the study included 40, 32 and 24 participants. Branebrutinib was well tolerated and AEs were mild/moderate, except for 1 serious AE that led to discontinuation. Branebrutinib was rapidly absorbed, with maximum plasma concentration occurring within 1 hour and a half‐life of 1.2—1.7 hours, dropping to undetectable levels within 24 hours. BTK occupancy was rapid, with 100% occupancy reached after a single 10‐mg dose. BTK occupancy decayed predictably over time (mean half‐life in MAD panels: 115–154 hours), such that pharmacodynamic effects were maintained after branebrutinib plasma levels fell below the lower limit of quantification. Conclusion Rapid and high occupancy of BTK and the lack of notable safety findings support further clinical development of branebrutinib.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ang Liu
- Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Bing He
- Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Cohen S, Tuckwell K, Katsumoto TR, Zhao R, Galanter J, Lee C, Rae J, Toth B, Ramamoorthi N, Hackney JA, Berman A, Damjanov N, Fedkov D, Jeka S, Chinn LW, Townsend MJ, Morimoto AM, Genovese MC. Fenebrutinib versus Placebo or Adalimumab in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Phase II Trial (ANDES Study). Arthritis Rheumatol 2020; 72:1435-1446. [PMID: 32270926 PMCID: PMC7496340 DOI: 10.1002/art.41275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate fenebrutinib, an oral and highly selective non-covalent inhibitor of Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK), in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS Patients with RA and inadequate response to methotrexate (cohort 1, n=480) were randomized to fenebrutinib (50 mg once daily, 150 mg once daily, 200 mg twice daily), 40 mg adalimumab every other week, or placebo. Patients with RA and inadequate response to tumor necrosis factor inhibitors (cohort 2, n=98) received fenebrutinib (200 mg twice daily) or placebo. Both cohorts continued methotrexate therapy. RESULTS In cohort 1, American College of Rheumatology scores (ACR50) at week 12 were similar for fenebrutinib 50 mg once daily and placebo, and higher for fenebrutinib 150 mg once daily (28%) and 200 mg twice daily (35%) than placebo (15%) (p=0.017; p=0.0003). Fenebrutinib 200 mg twice daily and adalimumab (36%) were comparable (p=0.81). In cohort 2, more patients achieved ACR50 with fenebrutinib 200 mg twice daily (25%) than placebo (12%) (p=0.072). The most common adverse events for fenebrutinib included nausea, headache, anemia, and upper respiratory tract infections. Fenebrutinib had significant effects on myeloid and B cell biomarkers (CCL4 and rheumatoid factor). Fenebrutinib and adalimumab caused overlapping as well as distinct changes in B cell and myeloid biomarkers. CONCLUSION Fenebrutinib demonstrated efficacy comparable to adalimumab in patients with an inadequate response to methotrexate, and safety consistent with existing immunomodulatory therapies for RA. These data support targeting both B and myeloid cells via this novel mechanism for potential efficacy in the treatment of RA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Rui Zhao
- Genentech, Inc.South San FranciscoCalifornia
| | | | - Chin Lee
- Genentech, Inc.South San FranciscoCalifornia
| | - Julie Rae
- Genentech, Inc.South San FranciscoCalifornia
| | - Balazs Toth
- Genentech, Inc.South San FranciscoCalifornia
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Slawomir Jeka
- Collegium Medicum Jan Biziel University Hospital no 2BydgoszczPoland
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Wang J, Ran T, Chen Y, Lu T. Bayesian machine learning to discover Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Chem Biol Drug Des 2019; 96:1114-1122. [PMID: 31855311 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) has a crucial role in multiple cell signaling pathways including B-cell antigen receptor (BCR) and Fc receptor (FcR) signaling cascades, which has attracted much attention to find BTK inhibitors to treat autoimmune diseases. In this work, we constructed a Bayesian classification model for virtually seeking novel BTK inhibitors, which showed good performance in terms of screening efficiency and accuracy. Through searching for several chemical libraries including Chembl_17 (1,317,484 compounds), Chembridge (103,473 compounds), and Chemdiv (700,000 compounds) using this model followed by molecular docking and activity prediction, 52 compounds with novel scaffolds were acknowledged as potential BTK inhibitors, which could be promising starting points for further exploration. This study also provided a guide to construct an efficient and effective protocol for virtual screening by integrating machine learning methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.,Zhejiang Pharmaceutical College, Ningbo, China
| | - Ting Ran
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yadong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tao Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Wu J, Zhu Z, Yu Q, Ding C. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis: phase I to Ⅱ clinical trials. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2019; 28:1113-1123. [PMID: 31738612 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2019.1692812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, refractory disorder caused by autoimmunity in the synovial joints. Disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) and biologicals offer remission in only two-thirds of RA patients within 3 months, hence new therapeutic approaches are necessary. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are newly developed small molecule drugs which have demonstrated encouraging results in this disease.Areas covered: The key findings from phase I and II clinical trials that have investigated the use of novel TKIs in the treatment of RA are discussed. We examined the literature published between January 2014 to January 2019 using electronic databases including PubMed, Web of Science, Medline, Embase, and Google Scholar. Additional information about phase I and II trials on the ClinicalTrial.gov website up to January 2019 was also retrieved.Expert opinion: JAK inhibitors are promising drugs with sound efficacy and acceptable safety and may be beneficial to patients who do not respond to DMARDs and biologicals. The response rates among RA patients to TKIs are diverse; genetic and environmental factors may be involved in the varying responses which are closely related to the pathogenesis of RA. Future studies may reveal the underlying mechanisms of resistance and non-response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wu
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhaohua Zhu
- Clinical Research Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qinghong Yu
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Changhai Ding
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Clinical Research Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
de Sena M. Pinheiro P, Rodrigues DA, do Couto Maia R, Thota S, Fraga CA. The Use of Conformational Restriction in Medicinal Chemistry. Curr Top Med Chem 2019; 19:1712-1733. [DOI: 10.2174/1568026619666190712205025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
During the early preclinical phase, from hit identification and optimization to a lead compound,
several medicinal chemistry strategies can be used to improve potency and/or selectivity. The
conformational restriction is one of these approaches. It consists of introducing some specific structural
constraints in a lead candidate to reduce the overall number of possible conformations in order to favor
the adoption of a bioactive conformation and, as a consequence, molecular recognition by the target receptor.
In this work, we focused on the application of the conformational restriction strategy in the last
five years for the optimization of hits and/or leads of several important classes of therapeutic targets in
the drug discovery field. Thus, we recognize the importance of several kinase inhibitors to the current
landscape of drug development for cancer therapy and the use of G-protein Coupled Receptor (GPCR)
modulators. Several other targets are also highlighted, such as the class of epigenetic drugs. Therefore,
the possibility of exploiting conformational restriction as a tool to increase the potency and selectivity
and promote changes in the intrinsic activity of some ligands intended to act on many different targets
makes this strategy of structural modification valuable for the discovery of novel drug candidates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pedro de Sena M. Pinheiro
- Laboratorio de Avaliacao e Síntese de Substancias Bioativas (LASSBio), Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, PO Box 68023, 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Daniel A. Rodrigues
- Laboratorio de Avaliacao e Síntese de Substancias Bioativas (LASSBio), Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, PO Box 68023, 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Rodolfo do Couto Maia
- Laboratorio de Avaliacao e Síntese de Substancias Bioativas (LASSBio), Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, PO Box 68023, 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Sreekanth Thota
- Laboratorio de Avaliacao e Síntese de Substancias Bioativas (LASSBio), Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, PO Box 68023, 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Carlos A.M. Fraga
- Laboratorio de Avaliacao e Síntese de Substancias Bioativas (LASSBio), Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, PO Box 68023, 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Zhao G, Liu A, Zhang Y, Zuo ZQ, Cao ZT, Zhang HB, Xu CF, Wang J. Nanoparticle-delivered siRNA targeting Bruton's tyrosine kinase for rheumatoid arthritis therapy. Biomater Sci 2019; 7:4698-4707. [PMID: 31495833 DOI: 10.1039/c9bm01025d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic autoimmune disease that can cause irreversible joint deformity. There is still no cure for RA, and current therapeutics, including methotrexate and adalimumab, cause serious off-target effects and systemic immunosuppression, which in turn increases the risk of infection. Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) in macrophages and B cells has been demonstrated to be a promising therapeutic target for RA. However, high doses of BTK inhibitors are required for efficient BTK suppression, which limits their clinical use. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) is promising for the silencing of specific genes and has been used for the treatment of multiple diseases. To deliver siRNA into macrophages and B cells for BTK gene silencing, we employed cationic lipid-assisted PEG-b-PLGA nanoparticles (CLANs) to encapsulate siRNA. We demonstrated that macrophages and B cells were able to efficiently ingest the CLANs both in vitro and in vivo. Thereafter, we encapsulated siRNA targeting BTK (siBTK) into the CLANs, denoted as CLANsiBTK, and demonstrated that CLANsiBTK significantly inhibited BTK expression in macrophages and B cells. In a collagen-induced mouse arthritis model, CLANsiBTK treatment dramatically reduced joint inflammation and other RA symptoms but showed no toxicity, proving that using CLANsiBTK is a promising approach for RA therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gui Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, P. R. China
| | - An Liu
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, P. R. China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Institutes for Life Sciences, School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, Guangzhou International Campus, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China.
| | - Zu-Qi Zuo
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Ting Cao
- Institutes for Life Sciences, School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, Guangzhou International Campus, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China. and National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Hou-Bing Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, P. R. China
| | - Cong-Fei Xu
- Institutes for Life Sciences, School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, Guangzhou International Campus, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China. and Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Jun Wang
- Institutes for Life Sciences, School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, Guangzhou International Campus, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China. and Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Guangdong Province, and Innovation Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China and Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou 510005, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Nadeem A, Ahmad SF, Al-Harbi NO, Ibrahim KE, Siddiqui N, Al-Harbi MM, Attia SM, Bakheet SA. Inhibition of Bruton's tyrosine kinase and IL-2 inducible T-cell kinase suppresses both neutrophilic and eosinophilic airway inflammation in a cockroach allergen extract-induced mixed granulocytic mouse model of asthma using preventative and therapeutic strategy. Pharmacol Res 2019; 148:104441. [PMID: 31505252 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Asthma is a complex airways disease with a wide spectrum which ranges from eosinophilic (Th2 driven) to mixed granulocytic (Th2/Th17 driven) phenotypes. Mixed granulocytic asthma is a cause of concern as corticosteroids often fail to control this phenotype. Different kinases such as Brutons's tyrosine kinase (BTK) and IL-2 inducible T cell kinase (ITK) play a pivotal role in shaping allergic airway inflammation. Ibrutinib is primarily a BTK inhibitor, however it is reported to be an ITK inhibitor as well. In this study, we sought to determine the effect of Ibrutinib on Th1, Th17 and Th2 immune responses in a cockroach allergen extract (CE)-induced mixed granulocytic (eosinophilic and neutrophilic) mouse model in preventative mode. Ibrutinib attenuated neutrophilic inflammation at a much lower doses (25-75 μg/mouse) in CE-induced mixed granulocytic asthma whereas Th2/Th17 immune responses remained unaffected at these doses. However, at a much higher dose, i.e. 250 μg/mouse, Ibrutinib remarkably suppressed both Th17/Th2 and lymphocytic/neutrophilic/eosinophilic airway inflammation. At molecular level, Ibrutinib suppressed phosphorylation of BTK in neutrophils at lower doses and ITK in CD4 + T cells at higher doses in CE-treated mice. Further, effects of Ibrutinib were compared with dexamethasone on CE-induced mixed granulocytic asthma in therapeutic mode. Ibrutinib was able to control granulocytic inflammation along with Th2/Th17 immune response in therapeutic mode whereas dexamethasone limited only Th2/eosinophilic inflammation. Thus, Ibrutinib has the potential to suppress both Th17/Th2 and neutrophilic/eosinophilic inflammation during mixed granulocytic asthma and therefore may be pursued as alternative therapeutic option in difficult-to-treat asthma which is resistant to corticosteroids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Nadeem
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Sheikh F Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naif O Al-Harbi
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid E Ibrahim
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nahid Siddiqui
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, India
| | - Mohammed M Al-Harbi
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sabry M Attia
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh A Bakheet
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Yao X, Sun X, Jin S, Yang L, Xu H, Rao Y. Discovery of 4-Aminoquinoline-3-carboxamide Derivatives as Potent Reversible Bruton’s Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors for the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis. J Med Chem 2019; 62:6561-6574. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xia Yao
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Xiuyun Sun
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Shuyu Jin
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drugs Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, P. R. China
| | - Ling Yang
- R&D Institute, Chia Tai Tianqing Pharmaceutical Group Co., LTD, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Hongjiang Xu
- R&D Institute, Chia Tai Tianqing Pharmaceutical Group Co., LTD, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Yu Rao
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Sharma A, Thelma BK. Pharmacophore modeling and virtual screening in search of novel Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitors. J Mol Model 2019; 25:179. [PMID: 31172362 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-019-4047-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) is a known drug target for B cell malignancies and autoimmune diseases like rheumatoid arthritis. Consequently, efforts to develop BTK inhibitors have gained momentum in the last decade, resulting in a number of potential inhibitory molecules. However, to date, there are only two FDA approved drugs for B cell malignancies (Ibrutinib and Acalabrutinib), thus continued efforts are warranted. A large number of molecular scaffolds with potential BTK inhibitory activity are already available from these studies, and therefore we employed a ligand-based approach towards computer-aided drug design to develop a pharmacophore model for BTK inhibitors. Using over 400 molecules with known half maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50) for BTK, a four-point pharmacophore hypothesis was derived, with two aromatic rings (R), one hydrogen bond acceptor (A) and one hydrogen bond donor (D). Screening of two small-molecule databases against this pharmacophore returned 620 hits with matching chemical features. Docking these against the ATP-binding site of the BTK kinase domain through a virtual screening workflow yielded 30 hits from which ultimately two natural compounds (two best scoring poses for each) were prioritized. Molecular dynamics simulations of these four docked complexes confirmed the stability of protein-ligand binding over a 200 ns time period, and thus their suitability for lead molecule development with further optimization and experimental testing. Of note, the pharmacophore model developed in this study would also be further useful for de novo drug design and virtual screening efforts on a larger scale. Graphical abstract Pharmacophore modeling and virtual screening in search of novel Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Sharma
- Department of Genetics, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, New Delhi, 110 021, India
| | - B K Thelma
- Department of Genetics, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, New Delhi, 110 021, India.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Zheng N, Catlett IM, Taylor K, Gu H, Pattoli MA, Neely RJ, Li W, Allentoff A, Yuan X, Ciccimaro E, Yao M, Warrack BM, Burke JR, Zhang YJ, Pillutla R, Zeng J. Determination of Real Time in Vivo Drug Receptor Occupancy for a Covalent Binding Drug as a Clinical Pharmacodynamic Biomarker by Immunocapture-LC-MS/MS. Anal Chem 2019; 91:8443-8452. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b01462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
|
37
|
Abdelhameed AS, Attwa MW, Al-Shaklia NS, Kadi AA. A highly sensitive LC-MS/MS method to determine novel Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitor spebrutinib: application to metabolic stability evaluation. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2019; 6:190434. [PMID: 31312501 PMCID: PMC6599791 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.190434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Spebrutinib (SBT) is a Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitor. SBT is currently in phase II and phase I clinical trials for the management of rheumatoid arthritis and chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, respectively. We developed and validated a liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry analytical method to quantify SBT and investigate its metabolic stability. SBT and the naquotinib as internal standard were isocratically eluted on a C18 column. The linearity of the developed method is 5-500 ng ml-1 (r2 ≥ 0.9999) in the human liver microsomes (HLMs) matrix. Good sensitivity was approved by the very low limit of detection (0.39 ng ml-1). Inter- and intra-assay accuracy values of -1.41 to 12.44 and precision values of 0.71% to 4.78%, were obtained. SBT was found to have an in vitro half-life (82.52 min) and intrinsic clearance (8.4 µl min-1 mg-1) as computed following its incubation with HLMs. The latter finding, hypothesize that SBT could be slowly excreted from the body unlike other related tyrosine kinase inhibitors. So, drug plasma level and kidney function should be monitored because of potential bioaccumulation. To the best of our knowledge, this is considered the first analytical method for SBT quantification using LC-MS/MS with application to metabolic stability evaluation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali S. Abdelhameed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, PO Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed W. Attwa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, PO Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Students’ University Hospital, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Nasser S. Al-Shaklia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, PO Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adnan A. Kadi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, PO Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Design, synthesis and evaluation of novel 7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-amine derivatives as potent, selective and reversible Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitors for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 169:121-143. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.02.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
|
39
|
Haselmayer P, Camps M, Liu-Bujalski L, Nguyen N, Morandi F, Head J, O'Mahony A, Zimmerli SC, Bruns L, Bender AT, Schroeder P, Grenningloh R. Efficacy and Pharmacodynamic Modeling of the BTK Inhibitor Evobrutinib in Autoimmune Disease Models. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 202:2888-2906. [PMID: 30988116 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1800583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Because of its role in mediating both B cell and Fc receptor signaling, Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) is a promising target for the treatment of autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Evobrutinib is a novel, highly selective, irreversible BTK inhibitor that potently inhibits BCR- and Fc receptor-mediated signaling and, thus, subsequent activation and function of human B cells and innate immune cells such as monocytes and basophils. We evaluated evobrutinib in preclinical models of RA and SLE and characterized the relationship between BTK occupancy and inhibition of disease activity. In mouse models of RA and SLE, orally administered evobrutinib displayed robust efficacy, as demonstrated by reduction of disease severity and histological damage. In the SLE model, evobrutinib inhibited B cell activation, reduced autoantibody production and plasma cell numbers, and normalized B and T cell subsets. In the RA model, efficacy was achieved despite failure to reduce autoantibodies. Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic modeling showed that mean BTK occupancy in blood cells of 80% was linked to near-complete disease inhibition in both RA and SLE mouse models. In addition, evobrutinib inhibited mast cell activation in a passive cutaneous anaphylaxis model. Thus, evobrutinib achieves efficacy by acting both on B cells and innate immune cells. Taken together, our data show that evobrutinib is a promising molecule for the chronic treatment of B cell-driven autoimmune disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Haselmayer
- Translational Innovation Platform Immunology, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt 64293, Germany
| | | | - Lesley Liu-Bujalski
- Medicinal Chemistry, EMD Serono Research and Development Institute, Billerica, MA 01821
| | - Ngan Nguyen
- Medicinal Chemistry, EMD Serono Research and Development Institute, Billerica, MA 01821
| | - Federica Morandi
- Molecular Pharmacology, EMD Serono Research and Development Institute, Billerica, MA 01821
| | - Jared Head
- Molecular Pharmacology, EMD Serono Research and Development Institute, Billerica, MA 01821
| | - Alison O'Mahony
- Eurofins DiscoverX Corporation, South San Francisco, CA 94080
| | - Simone C Zimmerli
- Translational Innovation Platform Immunology, EMD Serono Research and Development Institute, Billerica, MA 01821; and
| | - Lisa Bruns
- Translational Innovation Platform Immunology, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt 64293, Germany
| | - Andrew T Bender
- Translational Innovation Platform Immunology, EMD Serono Research and Development Institute, Billerica, MA 01821; and
| | - Patricia Schroeder
- Translational Pharmacology, EMD Serono Research and Development Institute, Billerica, MA 01821
| | - Roland Grenningloh
- Translational Innovation Platform Immunology, EMD Serono Research and Development Institute, Billerica, MA 01821; and
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Mishra PK, Palma M, Buechel B, Moore J, Davra V, Chu N, Millman A, Hallab NJ, Kanneganti TD, Birge RB, Behrens EM, Rivera A, Beebe KS, Benevenia J, Gause WC. Sterile particle-induced inflammation is mediated by macrophages releasing IL-33 through a Bruton's tyrosine kinase-dependent pathway. NATURE MATERIALS 2019; 18:289-297. [PMID: 30664693 PMCID: PMC6581031 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-018-0271-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Initiation of the innate sterile inflammatory response that can develop in response to microparticle exposure is little understood. Here, we report that a potent type 2 immune response associated with the accumulation of neutrophils, eosinophils and alternatively activated (M2) macrophages was observed in response to sterile microparticles similar in size to wear debris associated with prosthetic implants. Although elevations in interleukin-33 (IL-33) and type 2 cytokines occurred independently of caspase-1 inflammasome signalling, the response was dependent on Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK). IL-33 was produced by macrophages and BTK-dependent expression of IL-33 by macrophages was sufficient to initiate the type 2 response. Analysis of inflammation in patient periprosthetic tissue also revealed type 2 responses under aseptic conditions in patients undergoing revision surgery. These findings indicate that microparticle-induced sterile inflammation is initiated by macrophages activated to produce IL-33. They further suggest that both BTK and IL-33 may provide therapeutic targets for wear debris-induced periprosthetic inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj K. Mishra
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers – New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, 07103
- Center for Immunity and Inflammation, Rutgers – New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, 07103
- Correspondence should be addressed to W.C.G ()
| | - Mark Palma
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers – New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, 07103
- Center for Immunity and Inflammation, Rutgers – New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, 07103
- Correspondence should be addressed to W.C.G ()
| | - Bonnie Buechel
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rutgers – New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, 07103
| | - Jeffrey Moore
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Seton Hall University – St. Joseph’s Regional Medical Center, Paterson, NJ, 07503
| | - Viralkumar Davra
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Cancer Center, Rutgers – New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, 07103
| | - Niansheng Chu
- Division of Pediatric Rheumatology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104
| | - Ariel Millman
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers – New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, 07103
- Center for Immunity and Inflammation, Rutgers – New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, 07103
| | - Nadim J. Hallab
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60612
| | | | - Raymond B. Birge
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Cancer Center, Rutgers – New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, 07103
| | - Edward M. Behrens
- Division of Pediatric Rheumatology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104
| | - Amariliz Rivera
- Center for Immunity and Inflammation, Rutgers – New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, 07103
| | - Kathleen S. Beebe
- Center for Immunity and Inflammation, Rutgers – New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, 07103
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rutgers – New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, 07103
| | - Joseph Benevenia
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rutgers – New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, 07103
| | - William C. Gause
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers – New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, 07103
- Center for Immunity and Inflammation, Rutgers – New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, 07103
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Pokhrel NK, Kim YG, Kim HJ, Kim HJ, Lee JH, Choi SY, Kwon TG, Lee HJ, Kim JY, Lee Y. A novel Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitor, acalabrutinib, suppresses osteoclast differentiation and Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide-induced alveolar bone resorption. J Periodontol 2018; 90:546-554. [PMID: 30387495 DOI: 10.1002/jper.18-0334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Periodontitis is not only one of the most prevalent inflammatory diseases among adults, but also commonly linked to numerous systemic conditions including cardiovascular diseases, stroke, and diabetes. Although osteoclasts are responsible for the alveolar bone resorption during periodontitis pathogenesis, the development of pharmacologic strategies targeting these cells has not been vastly fruitful. METHODS Bone marrow macrophages were cultured in the presence of macrophage-colony stimulating factor (M-CSF) and receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL) to examine the direct effect of acalabrutinib on osteoclastogenesis. Ca2+ oscillation and nuclear localization of NFATc1 in osteoclast precursors were examined to determine the precise molecular mechanism. LPS-induced alveolar bone loss model was employed for studying effect in in vivo bone resorption. RESULTS Acalabrutinib directly inhibited RANKL and LPS-induced in vitro osteoclast differentiation. In addition, acalabrutinib inhibited RANKL-induced phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases and reduced the expression of NF-κB. The inhibitory mechanism involved suppression of Ca2+ oscillation in osteoclast precursors resulting in the decreased NFATc1 expression and nuclear localization, which is a crucial prerequisite for osteoclastogenesis. The administration of acalabrutinib significantly reduced P. gingivalis lipopolysaccharide-induced alveolar bone erosion in mice. CONCLUSION These data indicate that acalabrutinib is an effective inhibitor of osteoclastogenesis both in vitro and in vivo, with a potential for a novel strategy against bone destruction by periodontitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nitin Kumar Pokhrel
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Yong-Gun Kim
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Hyo Jeong Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Hyung Joon Kim
- Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry & Institute of Translational Dental Science, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Ji Hye Lee
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry & Institute of Translational Dental Science, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea
| | - So-Young Choi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Tae-Geon Kwon
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Heon-Jin Lee
- Department of Oral Microbiology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jae-Young Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea.,Institute for Hard Tissue and Bio-tooth Regeneration (IHBR), School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Youngkyun Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea.,Institute for Hard Tissue and Bio-tooth Regeneration (IHBR), School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Liang C, Tian D, Ren X, Ding S, Jia M, Xin M, Thareja S. The development of Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitors from 2012 to 2017: A mini-review. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 151:315-326. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.03.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
43
|
Guo Q, Wang Y, Xu D, Nossent J, Pavlos NJ, Xu J. Rheumatoid arthritis: pathological mechanisms and modern pharmacologic therapies. Bone Res 2018; 6:15. [PMID: 29736302 PMCID: PMC5920070 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-018-0016-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 804] [Impact Index Per Article: 134.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2017] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic systemic autoimmune disease that primarily affects the lining of the synovial joints and is associated with progressive disability, premature death, and socioeconomic burdens. A better understanding of how the pathological mechanisms drive the deterioration of RA progress in individuals is urgently required in order to develop therapies that will effectively treat patients at each stage of the disease progress. Here we dissect the etiology and pathology at specific stages: (i) triggering, (ii) maturation, (iii) targeting, and (iv) fulminant stage, concomitant with hyperplastic synovium, cartilage damage, bone erosion, and systemic consequences. Modern pharmacologic therapies (including conventional, biological, and novel potential small molecule disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs) remain the mainstay of RA treatment and there has been significant progress toward achieving disease remission without joint deformity. Despite this, a significant proportion of RA patients do not effectively respond to the current therapies and thus new drugs are urgently required. This review discusses recent advances of our understanding of RA pathogenesis, disease modifying drugs, and provides perspectives on next generation therapeutics for RA. The preclinical stages of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) represent a golden window for the development of therapies which could someday prevent the onset of clinical disease. The autoimmune processes underpinning RA usually begin many years before symptoms such as joint pain and stiffness emerge. Recent studies have identified some of the key cellular players driving these processes and begun to unpick how genetic and environmental risk factors combine to trigger them; they also suggest the existence of several distinct subtypes of RA, which require further exploration. Jiake Xu at the University of Western Australia in Perth and colleagues review current treatment strategies for RA and how such insights could ultimately lead to the earlier diagnosis of RA - as well as providing new opportunities for drug treatment and prevention through behavioral changes in high-risk individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Guo
- 1Department of Spine Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 87, Xiangya Road, 410008 Changsha, China.,2School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009 Australia
| | - Yuxiang Wang
- 1Department of Spine Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 87, Xiangya Road, 410008 Changsha, China
| | - Dan Xu
- 2School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009 Australia.,Musculoskeletal Health Network, Department of Health WA, 189 Royal Street, East Perth, WA 6004 Australia
| | - Johannes Nossent
- Musculoskeletal Health Network, Department of Health WA, 189 Royal Street, East Perth, WA 6004 Australia.,4School of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009 Australia
| | - Nathan J Pavlos
- 2School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009 Australia
| | - Jiake Xu
- 2School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009 Australia
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Molecular Modeling Studies on Carbazole Carboxamide Based BTK Inhibitors Using Docking and Structure-Based 3D-QSAR. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19041244. [PMID: 29671827 PMCID: PMC5979591 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19041244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 04/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is the second common rheumatic immune disease with chronic, invasive inflammatory characteristics. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), slow-acting anti-rheumatic drugs (SAARDs), or glucocorticoid drugs can improve RA patients’ symptoms, but fail to cure. Broton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitors have been proven to be an efficacious target against autoimmune indications and B-cell malignancies. Among the current 11 clinical drugs, only BMS-986142, classified as a carbazole derivative, is used for treating RA. To design novel and highly potent carbazole inhibitors, molecular docking and three dimensional quantitative structure–activity relationship (3D-QSAR) were applied to explore a dataset of 132 new carbazole carboxamide derivatives. The established comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) (q2 = 0.761, r2 = 0.933) and comparative molecular similarity indices analysis (CoMSIA) (q2 = 0.891, r2 = 0.988) models obtained high predictive and satisfactory values. CoMFA/CoMSIA contour maps demonstrated that bulky substitutions and hydrogen-bond donors were preferred at R1 and 1-position, respectively, and introducing hydrophilic substitutions at R1 and R4 was important for improving BTK inhibitory activities. These results will contribute to the design of novel and highly potent BTK inhibitors.
Collapse
|
45
|
Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of 7 H -pyrrolo[2,3- d ]pyrimidin-4-amine derivatives as selective Btk inhibitors with improved pharmacokinetic properties for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 145:96-112. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.12.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
46
|
Barf T, Covey T, Izumi R, van de Kar B, Gulrajani M, van Lith B, van Hoek M, de Zwart E, Mittag D, Demont D, Verkaik S, Krantz F, Pearson PG, Ulrich R, Kaptein A. Acalabrutinib (ACP-196): A Covalent Bruton Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor with a Differentiated Selectivity and In Vivo Potency Profile. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2017; 363:240-252. [PMID: 28882879 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.117.242909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 263] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Several small-molecule Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitors are in development for B cell malignancies and autoimmune disorders, each characterized by distinct potency and selectivity patterns. Herein we describe the pharmacologic characterization of BTK inhibitor acalabrutinib [compound 1, ACP-196 (4-[8-amino-3-[(2S)-1-but-2-ynoylpyrrolidin-2-yl]imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl]-N-(2-pyridyl)benzamide)]. Acalabrutinib possesses a reactive butynamide group that binds covalently to Cys481 in BTK. Relative to the other BTK inhibitors described here, the reduced intrinsic reactivity of acalabrutinib helps to limit inhibition of off-target kinases having cysteine-mediated covalent binding potential. Acalabrutinib demonstrated higher biochemical and cellular selectivity than ibrutinib and spebrutinib (compounds 2 and 3, respectively). Importantly, off-target kinases, such as epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and interleukin 2-inducible T cell kinase (ITK), were not inhibited. Determination of the inhibitory potential of anti-immunoglobulin M-induced CD69 expression in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and whole blood demonstrated that acalabrutinib is a potent functional BTK inhibitor. In vivo evaluation in mice revealed that acalabrutinib is more potent than ibrutinib and spebrutinib. Preclinical and clinical studies showed that the level and duration of BTK occupancy correlates with in vivo efficacy. Evaluation of the pharmacokinetic properties of acalabrutinib in healthy adult volunteers demonstrated rapid absorption and fast elimination. In these healthy individuals, a single oral dose of 100 mg showed approximately 99% median target coverage at 3 and 12 hours and around 90% at 24 hours in peripheral B cells. In conclusion, acalabrutinib is a BTK inhibitor with key pharmacologic differentiators versus ibrutinib and spebrutinib and is currently being evaluated in clinical trials.
Collapse
|
47
|
Luzi NM, Lyons CE, Peterson DL, Ellis KC. Characterization of PKACα enzyme kinetics and inhibition in an HPLC assay with a chromophoric substrate. Anal Biochem 2017; 532:45-52. [PMID: 28595966 PMCID: PMC5889107 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2017.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Revised: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Here we describe a convenient, inexpensive, and non-hazardous method for the measurement of the kinase activity of the catalytic subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKACα). The assay is based on the separation of a substrate peptide labeled with a strong chromophore from the phosphorylated product peptide by high-performance liquid chromatograph (HPLC) and quantification of the product ratiometrically at a wavelength in the visual spectrum (Vis). The utility and reliability of the HPLC-Vis assay were demonstrated by characterizing the kinetic parameters (KM, Vmax) of the new Rh-MAB-Kemptide substrate, a commercially prepared TAMRA-Kemptide substrate, and ATP as well as the potency (IC50, Ki) of the known PKACα inhibitors H89 and PKI(5-24). The advantages of this assay are that it is convenient and inexpensive, uses readily synthesized or commercially available substrates that are shelf-stable, uses a common piece of laboratory equipment, and does not require any hazardous materials such as radioactive γ-32P-ATP. The assay format is also highly flexible and could be adapted for the testing of many different kinases by changing the peptide substrate sequence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole M Luzi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298-0540, United States
| | - Charles E Lyons
- Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298-0035, United States
| | - Darrell L Peterson
- Institute for Structural Biology, Drug Discovery, and Development, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23219-1540, United States; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298-0614, United States
| | - Keith C Ellis
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298-0540, United States; Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298-0035, United States; Institute for Structural Biology, Drug Discovery, and Development, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23219-1540, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Boga SB, Alhassan AB, Liu J, Guiadeen D, Krikorian A, Gao X, Wang J, Yu Y, Anand R, Liu S, Yang C, Wu H, Cai J, Zhu H, Desai J, Maloney K, Gao YD, Fischmann TO, Presland J, Mansueto M, Xu Z, Leccese E, Knemeyer I, Garlisi CG, Bays N, Stivers P, Brandish PE, Hicks A, Cooper A, Kim RM, Kozlowski JA. Discovery of 3-morpholino-imidazole[1,5-a]pyrazine BTK inhibitors for rheumatoid arthritis. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:3939-3943. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
49
|
Structure-activity relationship investigation for benzonaphthyridinone derivatives as novel potent Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) irreversible inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2017. [PMID: 28628824 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Through a structure-based drug design approach, a tricyclic benzonaphthyridinone pharmacophore was used as a starting point for carrying out detailed medicinal structure-activity relationhip (SAR) studies geared toward characterization of a panel of proposed BTK inhibitors, including 6 (QL-X-138), 7 (BMX-IN-1) and 8 (QL47). These studies led to the discovery of the novel potent irreversible BTK inhibitor, compound 18 (CHMFL-BTK-11). Kinetic analysis of compound 18 revealed an irreversible binding efficacy (kinact/Ki) of 0.01 μM-1s-1. Compound 18 potently inhibited BTK kinase Y223 auto-phosphorylation (EC50 < 100 nM), arrested cell cycle in G0/G1 phase, and induced apoptosis in Ramos, MOLM13 and Pfeiffer cells. We believe these features would make 18 a good pharmacological tool for studying BTK-related pathologies.
Collapse
|
50
|
Lee SK, Xing J, Catlett IM, Adamczyk R, Griffies A, Liu A, Murthy B, Nowak M. Safety, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of BMS-986142, a novel reversible BTK inhibitor, in healthy participants. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2017; 73:689-698. [PMID: 28265691 PMCID: PMC5423977 DOI: 10.1007/s00228-017-2226-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE BMS-986142 is an oral, small-molecule reversible inhibitor of Bruton's tyrosine kinase. The main objectives of our phase I studies were to characterize the safety and tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of BMS-986142 in healthy participants, and to investigate the potential for the effect of BMS-986142 on the PK of methotrexate (MTX) in combination. METHODS In a combined single ascending dose and multiple ascending dose study, the safety, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of BMS-986142 were assessed in healthy non-Japanese participants following administration of a single dose (5-900 mg) or multiple doses (25-350 mg, once daily for 14 days). In a drug-drug interaction study, the effect of BMS-986142 (350 mg, once daily for 5 days) on the single-dose pharmacokinetics of MTX (7.5 mg) was assessed in healthy participants. RESULTS BMS-986142 was generally well tolerated, alone and in combination with MTX. BMS-986142 was rapidly absorbed with peak concentrations occurring within 2 h, and was eliminated with a mean half-life ranging from 7 to 11 h. Exposure of BMS-986142 appeared dose proportional within the dose ranges tested. A dose- and concentration-dependent inhibition of CD69 expression was observed following administration of BMS-986142. BMS-986142 did not affect the pharmacokinetics of MTX. CONCLUSIONS BMS-986142 was well tolerated at the doses tested, had pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles which support once-daily dosing, and can be coadministered with MTX without the pharmacokinetic interaction of BMS-986142 on MTX.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sun Ku Lee
- Bristol-Myers Squibb, 3551 Lawrenceville Rd, Princeton, NJ, 08540, USA.
| | - Jun Xing
- Bristol-Myers Squibb, 3551 Lawrenceville Rd, Princeton, NJ, 08540, USA
| | - Ian M Catlett
- Bristol-Myers Squibb, 3551 Lawrenceville Rd, Princeton, NJ, 08540, USA
| | - Robert Adamczyk
- Bristol-Myers Squibb, 3551 Lawrenceville Rd, Princeton, NJ, 08540, USA
| | - Amber Griffies
- Bristol-Myers Squibb, 3551 Lawrenceville Rd, Princeton, NJ, 08540, USA
| | - Ang Liu
- Bristol-Myers Squibb, 3551 Lawrenceville Rd, Princeton, NJ, 08540, USA
| | - Bindu Murthy
- Bristol-Myers Squibb, 3551 Lawrenceville Rd, Princeton, NJ, 08540, USA
| | - Miroslawa Nowak
- Bristol-Myers Squibb, 3551 Lawrenceville Rd, Princeton, NJ, 08540, USA
| |
Collapse
|