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Kozicka Z, Suchyta DJ, Focht V, Kempf G, Petzold G, Jentzsch M, Zou C, Di Genua C, Donovan KA, Coomar S, Cigler M, Mayor-Ruiz C, Schmid-Burgk JL, Häussinger D, Winter GE, Fischer ES, Słabicki M, Gillingham D, Ebert BL, Thomä NH. Design principles for cyclin K molecular glue degraders. Nat Chem Biol 2024; 20:93-102. [PMID: 37679459 PMCID: PMC10746543 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-023-01409-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Molecular glue degraders are an effective therapeutic modality, but their design principles are not well understood. Recently, several unexpectedly diverse compounds were reported to deplete cyclin K by linking CDK12-cyclin K to the DDB1-CUL4-RBX1 E3 ligase. Here, to investigate how chemically dissimilar small molecules trigger cyclin K degradation, we evaluated 91 candidate degraders in structural, biophysical and cellular studies and reveal all compounds acquire glue activity via simultaneous CDK12 binding and engagement of DDB1 interfacial residues, in particular Arg928. While we identify multiple published kinase inhibitors as cryptic degraders, we also show that these glues do not require pronounced inhibitory properties for activity and that the relative degree of CDK12 inhibition versus cyclin K degradation is tuneable. We further demonstrate cyclin K degraders have transcriptional signatures distinct from CDK12 inhibitors, thereby offering unique therapeutic opportunities. The systematic structure-activity relationship analysis presented herein provides a conceptual framework for rational molecular glue design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzanna Kozicka
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Biology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Dakota J Suchyta
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Vivian Focht
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Georg Kempf
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Georg Petzold
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
- Monte Rosa Therapeutics, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marius Jentzsch
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University and University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Charles Zou
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Cristina Di Genua
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- VantAI, New York, NY, USA
| | - Katherine A Donovan
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Seemon Coomar
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marko Cigler
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Cristina Mayor-Ruiz
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- IRB Barcelona-Institute for Research in Biomedicine, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jonathan L Schmid-Burgk
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University and University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Georg E Winter
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Eric S Fischer
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mikołaj Słabicki
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Benjamin L Ebert
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nicolas H Thomä
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland.
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2
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Patil MB, Ghode P, Joshi P. A Comprehensive Review on Chemistry and Biology of Tafamidis in Transthyretin Amyloidosis. Mini Rev Med Chem 2024; 24:571-587. [PMID: 37828667 DOI: 10.2174/0113895575241556231003055323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy and Transthyretin amyloid peripheral neuropathy are progressive disease conditions caused by Transthyretin amyloidosis (ATTR) fibril infiltration in the tissue. Transthyretin (TTR) protein misfolding and amyloid fibril deposits are pathological biomarkers of ATTR-related disorders. There are various treatment strategies targeting different stages in pathophysiology. One such strategy is TTR tetramer stabilization. Recently, a new TTR tetramer stabilizer, tafamidis, has been introduced that reduces the protein misfolding and amyloidosis and, consequently, disease progression in ATTR cardiomyopathy and peripheral neuropathy. This review will provide a comprehensive overview of the literature on tafamidis discovery, development, synthetic methods, pharmacokinetics, analytical methods and clinical trials. Overall, 7 synthetic methods, 5 analytical methods and 23 clinical trials have been summarized from the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monali B Patil
- SVKM's NMIMS School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, Shirpur, and Maharashtra, India
| | - Piyush Ghode
- SVKM's NMIMS School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, Shirpur, and Maharashtra, India
| | - Prashant Joshi
- SVKM's NMIMS School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, Shirpur, and Maharashtra, India
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health Sciences and Technology, Dr. Vishwanath Karad MIT World Peace University, Pune, Maharashtra, India
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3
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Seal S, Chakraborty T, Polley S, Paul D, Banerjee N, Sinha D, Dutta A, Chatterjee S, Sau K, Ghosh Dastidar S, Sau S. Modeling and monitoring the effects of three partly conserved Ile residues in the dimerization domain of a Mip-like virulence factor from Escherichia coli. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023:1-14. [PMID: 37902555 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2274978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
FKBP22, an Escherichia coli-made peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase, has shown considerable homology with Mip-like virulence factors. While the C-terminal domain of this enzyme is used for executing catalytic function and binding inhibitor, the N-terminal domain is employed for its dimerization. To precisely determine the underlying factors of FKBP22 dimerization, its structural model, developed using a suitable template, was carefully inspected. The data show that the dimeric FKBP22, like dimeric Mip proteins, has a V-like shape. Further, it dimerizes using 40 amino acid residues including Ile 9, Ile 17, Ile 42, and Ile 65. All of the above Ile residues except Ile 9 are partly conserved in the Mip-like proteins. To confirm the roles of the partly conserved Ile residues, three FKBP22 mutants, constructed by substituting them with an Ala residue, were studied as well. The results together indicate that Ile 65 has little role in maintaining the dimeric state or enzymatic activity of FKBP22. Conversely, both Ile 17 and Ile 42 are essential for preserving the structure, enzymatic activity, and dimerization ability of FKBP22. Ile 42 in particular looks more essential to FKBP22. However, none of these two Ile residues is required for binding the cognate inhibitor. Additional computational studies also indicated the change of V-shape and the dimeric state of FKBP22 due to the Ala substitution at position 42. The ways Ile 17 and Ile 42 protect the structure, function, and dimerization of FKBP22 have been discussed at length.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soham Seal
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bose Institute, Kolkata, India
| | | | - Soumitra Polley
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bose Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - Debarati Paul
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bose Institute, Kolkata, India
| | | | - Debasmita Sinha
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bose Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - Anindya Dutta
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bose Institute, Kolkata, India
| | | | - Keya Sau
- Department of Biotechnology, Haldia Institute of Technology, Haldia, India
| | | | - Subrata Sau
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bose Institute, Kolkata, India
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4
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Stein RR, Fouché M, Kearns JD, Roth HJ. A model-informed method to retrieve intrinsic from apparent cooperativity and project cellular target occupancy for ternary complex-forming compounds. RSC Chem Biol 2023; 4:512-523. [PMID: 37415863 PMCID: PMC10320841 DOI: 10.1039/d2cb00216g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
There is an increasing interest to develop therapeutics that modulate challenging or undruggable target proteins via a mechanism that involves ternary complexes. In general, such compounds can be characterized by their direct affinities to a chaperone and a target protein and by their degree of cooperativity in the formation of the ternary complex. As a trend, smaller compounds have a greater dependency on intrinsic cooperativity to their thermodynamic stability relative to direct target (or chaperone) binding. This highlights the need to consider intrinsic cooperativity of ternary complex-forming compounds early in lead optimization, especially as they provide more control over target selectivity (especially for isoforms) and more insight into the relationship between target occupancy and target response via estimation of ternary complex concentrations. This motivates the need to quantify the natural constant of intrinsic cooperativity (α) which is generally defined as the gain (or loss) in affinity of a compound to its target in pre-bound vs. unbound state. Intrinsic cooperativities can be retrieved via a mathematical binding model from EC50 shifts of binary binding curves of the ternary complex-forming compound with either a target or chaperone relative to the same experiment but in the presence of the counter protein. In this manuscript, we present a mathematical modeling methodology that estimates the intrinsic cooperativity value from experimentally observed apparent cooperativities. This method requires only the two binary binding affinities and the protein concentrations of target and chaperone and is therefore suitable for use in early discovery therapeutic programs. This approach is then extended from biochemical assays to cellular assays (i.e., from a closed system to an open system) by accounting for differences in total ligand vs. free ligand concentrations in the calculations of ternary complex concentrations. Finally, this model is used to translate biochemical potency of ternary complex-forming compounds into expected cellular target occupancy, which could ultimately serve as a way for validation or de-validation of hypothesized biological mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard R Stein
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research Basel Switzerland
| | - Marianne Fouché
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research Basel Switzerland
| | | | - Hans-Joerg Roth
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research Basel Switzerland
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5
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Rehman AU, Khurshid B, Ali Y, Rasheed S, Wadood A, Ng HL, Chen HF, Wei Z, Luo R, Zhang J. Computational approaches for the design of modulators targeting protein-protein interactions. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2023; 18:315-333. [PMID: 36715303 PMCID: PMC10149343 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2023.2171396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) are intriguing targets for designing novel small-molecule inhibitors. The role of PPIs in various infectious and neurodegenerative disorders makes them potential therapeutic targets . Despite being portrayed as undruggable targets, due to their flat surfaces, disorderedness, and lack of grooves. Recent progresses in computational biology have led researchers to reconsider PPIs in drug discovery. AREAS COVERED In this review, we introduce in-silico methods used to identify PPI interfaces and present an in-depth overview of various computational methodologies that are successfully applied to annotate the PPIs. We also discuss several successful case studies that use computational tools to understand PPIs modulation and their key roles in various physiological processes. EXPERT OPINION Computational methods face challenges due to the inherent flexibility of proteins, which makes them expensive, and result in the use of rigid models. This problem becomes more significant in PPIs due to their flexible and flat interfaces. Computational methods like molecular dynamics (MD) simulation and machine learning can integrate the chemical structure data into biochemical and can be used for target identification and modulation. These computational methodologies have been crucial in understanding the structure of PPIs, designing PPI modulators, discovering new drug targets, and predicting treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashfaq Ur Rehman
- Departments of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Materials Science and Engineering, and Biomedical Engineering, Graduate Program in Chemical and Materials Physics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Medicinal Bioinformatics Center, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, Zhejiang, China
| | - Beenish Khurshid
- Department of Biochemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Yasir Ali
- National Center for Bioinformatics, Quaid-e-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Salman Rasheed
- National Center for Bioinformatics, Quaid-e-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Wadood
- Department of Biochemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Ho-Leung Ng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
| | - Hai-Feng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, National Experimental Teaching Center for Life Sciences and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhiqiang Wei
- Medicinal Chemistry and Bioinformatics Center, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Ray Luo
- Departments of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Materials Science and Engineering, and Biomedical Engineering, Graduate Program in Chemical and Materials Physics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Jian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Medicinal Bioinformatics Center, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, Zhejiang, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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Nomura K, Hashimoto S, Takeyama R, Tamiya M, Kato T, Muraoka T, Kage M, Nii K, Kotake K, Iida S, Emura T, Tanada M, Iikura H. Broadly Applicable and Comprehensive Synthetic Method for N-Alkyl-Rich Drug-like Cyclic Peptides. J Med Chem 2022; 65:13401-13412. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Nomura
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., 1-135 Komakado, Gotemba, Shizuoka 412-8513, Japan
| | - Satoshi Hashimoto
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., 1-135 Komakado, Gotemba, Shizuoka 412-8513, Japan
| | - Ryuuichi Takeyama
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., 1-135 Komakado, Gotemba, Shizuoka 412-8513, Japan
| | - Minoru Tamiya
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., 200 Kajiwara, Kamakura, Kanagawa 247-8530, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Kato
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., 1-135 Komakado, Gotemba, Shizuoka 412-8513, Japan
| | - Terushige Muraoka
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., 200 Kajiwara, Kamakura, Kanagawa 247-8530, Japan
| | - Mirai Kage
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., 1-135 Komakado, Gotemba, Shizuoka 412-8513, Japan
| | - Keiji Nii
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., 200 Kajiwara, Kamakura, Kanagawa 247-8530, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Kotake
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., 1-135 Komakado, Gotemba, Shizuoka 412-8513, Japan
| | - Satomi Iida
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., 1-135 Komakado, Gotemba, Shizuoka 412-8513, Japan
| | - Takashi Emura
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., 1-135 Komakado, Gotemba, Shizuoka 412-8513, Japan
| | - Mikimasa Tanada
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., 1-135 Komakado, Gotemba, Shizuoka 412-8513, Japan
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., 200 Kajiwara, Kamakura, Kanagawa 247-8530, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Iikura
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., 1-135 Komakado, Gotemba, Shizuoka 412-8513, Japan
- Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., 200 Kajiwara, Kamakura, Kanagawa 247-8530, Japan
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7
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Ikeda A, Tsuyuguchi M, Kitagawa D, Sawa M, Nakamura S, Nakanishi I, Kinoshita T. Bivalent binding mode of an amino-pyrazole inhibitor indicates the potentials for CK2α1-selective inhibitors. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 630:30-35. [PMID: 36130444 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.09.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Casein kinase 2 (CK2) is a vital protein kinase that consists of two catalytic subunits (CK2α1 and/or CK2α2) and two regulatory subunits (CK2β). CK2α1 is a drug target for nephritis and cancers, while CK2α2 is a serious off-target because its inhibition causes testicular toxicity. High similarity between the isozymes CK2α1 and CK2α2 make it difficult to design CK2α1-specific inhibitors. Herein, the crystal structures of CK2α1 and CK2α2 complexed with a 3-amino-pyrazole inhibitor revealed the remarkable differences in the protein-inhibitor interaction modes. This inhibitor bound to the ATP binding sites of both isozymes in apparently distinct orientations. In addition, another molecule of this inhibitor bound to CK2α1, but not to CK2α2, at the CK2β protein-protein interface. Binding energy calculations and biochemical experiments suggested that this inhibitor possesses the conventional ATP-competitive characteristics with moderate allosteric function in a molecular glue mechanism. These results will assist the potential design of potent and selective CK2α1 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asaka Ikeda
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Sakai, 599-8531, Japan
| | - Masato Tsuyuguchi
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Sakai, 599-8531, Japan
| | | | | | - Shinya Nakamura
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kindai University, Higashi-Osaka, 577-8502, Japan
| | - Isao Nakanishi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kindai University, Higashi-Osaka, 577-8502, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Kinoshita
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Sakai, 599-8531, Japan.
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8
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The Surprising Story of Fusicoccin: A Wilt-Inducing Phytotoxin, a Tool in Plant Physiology and a 14-3-3-Targeted Drug. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11091393. [PMID: 34572605 PMCID: PMC8470340 DOI: 10.3390/biom11091393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fusicoccin is the α glucoside of a carbotricyclic diterpene, produced by the fungus Phomopsis amygdali (previously classified as Fusicoccum amygdali), the causal agent of almond and peach canker disease. A great interest in this molecule started when it was discovered that it brought about an irreversible stomata opening of higher plants, thereby inducing the wilting of their leaves. Since then, several studies were carried out to elucidate its biological activity, biosynthesis, structure, structure-activity relationships and mode of action. After sixty years of research and more than 1800 published articles, FC is still the most studied phytotoxin and one of the few whose mechanism of action has been elucidated in detail. The ability of FC to stimulate several fundamental plant processes depends on its ability to activate the plasma membrane H+-ATPase, induced by eliciting the association of 14-3-3 proteins, a class of regulatory molecules widespread in eukaryotes. This discovery renewed interest in FC and prompted more recent studies aimed to ascertain the ability of the toxin to influence the interaction between 14-3-3 proteins and their numerous client proteins in animals, involved in the regulation of basic cellular processes and in the etiology of different diseases, including cancer. This review covers the different aspects of FC research partially treated in different previous reviews, starting from its discovery in 1964, with the aim to outline the extraordinary pathway which led this very uncommon diterpenoid to evolve from a phytotoxin into a tool in plant physiology and eventually into a 14-3-3-targeted drug.
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9
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Kozicka Z, Thomä NH. Haven't got a glue: Protein surface variation for the design of molecular glue degraders. Cell Chem Biol 2021; 28:1032-1047. [PMID: 33930325 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2021.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Molecular glue degraders are small, drug-like compounds that induce interactions between an E3 ubiquitin ligase and a target, which result in ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of the recruited protein. In recent years, serendipitous discoveries revealed that some preclinical and clinical compounds already work as molecular glue degraders, with many more postulated to destabilize their targets through indirect or yet unresolved mechanisms. Here we review strategies by which E3 ubiquitin ligases can be reprogrammed by monovalent degraders, with a focus on molecular glues hijacking cullin-RING ubiquitin ligases. We argue that such drugs exploit the intrinsic property of proteins to form higher-order assemblies, a phenomenon previously seen with disease-causing sequence variations. Modifications of the protein surface by a bound small molecule can change the interactome of the target protein. By inducing interactions between a ligase and a substrate, molecular glue degraders offer an exciting path for the development of novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzanna Kozicka
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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10
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Chang CK, Lin SM, Satange R, Lin SC, Sun SC, Wu HY, Kehn-Hall K, Hou MH. Targeting protein-protein interaction interfaces in COVID-19 drug discovery. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2021; 19:2246-2255. [PMID: 33936565 PMCID: PMC8064971 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2021.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
To date, the COVID-19 pandemic has claimed over 1 million human lives, infected another 50 million individuals and wreaked havoc on the global economy. The crisis has spurred the ongoing development of drugs targeting its etiological agent, the SARS-CoV-2. Targeting relevant protein-protein interaction interfaces (PPIIs) is a viable paradigm for the design of antiviral drugs and enriches the targetable chemical space by providing alternative targets for drug discovery. In this review, we will provide a comprehensive overview of the theory, methods and applications of PPII-targeted drug development towards COVID-19 based on recent literature. We will also highlight novel developments, such as the successful use of non-native protein-protein interactions as targets for antiviral drug screening. We hope that this review may serve as an entry point for those interested in applying PPIIs towards COVID-19 drug discovery and speed up drug development against the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Ke Chang
- Taiwan Biobank, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Shan-Meng Lin
- Institute of Genomics and Bioinformatics, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Roshan Satange
- Institute of Genomics and Bioinformatics, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan.,Ph.D. Program in Medical Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chao Lin
- Bachelor Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, Taiwan
| | - Sin-Cih Sun
- Institute of Genomics and Bioinformatics, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Yi Wu
- Institute of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Kylene Kehn-Hall
- Department of Biomedical Sciences & Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Ming-Hon Hou
- Institute of Genomics and Bioinformatics, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan.,Ph.D. Program in Medical Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
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11
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Busby SA, Carbonneau S, Concannon J, Dumelin CE, Lee Y, Numao S, Renaud N, Smith TM, Auld DS. Advancements in Assay Technologies and Strategies to Enable Drug Discovery. ACS Chem Biol 2020; 15:2636-2648. [PMID: 32880443 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.0c00495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Assays drive drug discovery from the exploratory phases to the clinical testing of drug candidates. As such, numerous assay technologies and methodologies have arisen to support drug discovery efforts. Robust identification and characterization of tractable chemical matter requires biochemical, biophysical, and cellular approaches and often benefits from high-throughput methods. To increase throughput, efforts have been made to provide assays in miniaturized volumes which can be arrayed in microtiter plates to support the testing of as many as 100,000 samples/day. Alongside these efforts has been the growth of microtiter plate-free formats with encoded libraries that can support the screening of billions of compounds, a hunt for new drug modalities, as well as emphasis on more disease relevant formats using complex cell models of disease states. This review will focus on recent developments in high-throughput assay technologies applied to identify starting points for drug discovery. We also provide recommendations on strategies for implementing various assay types to select high quality leads for drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott A. Busby
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Seth Carbonneau
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States
| | - John Concannon
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States
| | | | - YounKyoung Lee
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Shin Numao
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nicole Renaud
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Thomas M. Smith
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Douglas S. Auld
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States
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12
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A small-molecule inhibitor of lectin-like oxidized LDL receptor-1 acts by stabilizing an inactive receptor tetramer state. Commun Chem 2020; 3:75. [PMID: 36703453 PMCID: PMC9814544 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-020-0321-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The C-type lectin family member lectin-like oxidized LDL receptor-1 (LOX-1) has been object of intensive research. Its modulation may offer a broad spectrum of therapeutic interventions ranging from cardiovascular diseases to cancer. LOX-1 mediates uptake of oxLDL by vascular cells and plays an important role in the initiation of endothelial dysfunction and its progression to atherosclerosis. So far only a few compounds targeting oxLDL-LOX-1 interaction are reported with a limited level of characterization. Here we describe the identification and characterization of BI-0115, a selective small molecule inhibitor of LOX-1 that blocks cellular uptake of oxLDL. Identified by a high throughput screening campaign, biophysical analysis shows that BI-0115 binding triggers receptor inhibition by formation of dimers of the homodimeric ligand binding domain. The structure of LOX-1 bound to BI-0115 shows that inter-ligand interactions at the receptor interfaces are key to the formation of the receptor tetramer thereby blocking oxLDL binding.
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13
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Bosica F, Andrei SA, Neves JF, Brandt P, Gunnarsson A, Landrieu I, Ottmann C, O'Mahony G. Design of Drug-Like Protein-Protein Interaction Stabilizers Guided By Chelation-Controlled Bioactive Conformation Stabilization. Chemistry 2020; 26:7131-7139. [PMID: 32255539 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202001608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) of 14-3-3 proteins are a model system for studying PPI stabilization. The complex natural product Fusicoccin A stabilizes many 14-3-3 PPIs but is not amenable for use in SAR studies, motivating the search for more drug-like chemical matter. However, drug-like 14-3-3 PPI stabilizers enabling such studies have remained elusive. An X-ray crystal structure of a PPI in complex with an extremely low potency stabilizer uncovered an unexpected non-protein interacting, ligand-chelated Mg2+ leading to the discovery of metal-ion-dependent 14-3-3 PPI stabilization potency. This originates from a novel chelation-controlled bioactive conformation stabilization effect. Metal chelation has been associated with pan-assay interference compounds (PAINS) and frequent hitter behavior, but chelation can evidently also lead to true potency gains and find use as a medicinal chemistry strategy to guide compound optimization. To demonstrate this, we exploited the effect to design the first potent, selective, and drug-like 14-3-3 PPI stabilizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Bosica
- Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Pepparedsleden 1, 43183, Mölndal, Sweden.,Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical, Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, Den Dolech 2, 5612, AZ, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Sebastian A Andrei
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical, Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, Den Dolech 2, 5612, AZ, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - João Filipe Neves
- ERL9002 Integrative Structural Biology, CNRS, 50 Avenue de Halley, 59658, Villeneuve d'Ascq, Lille, France.,U1167 RID-AGE Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Univ. Lille, 1 Rue du Professeur Calmette, 59800, Lille, France
| | - Peter Brandt
- Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Pepparedsleden 1, 43183, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Anders Gunnarsson
- Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Pepparedsleden 1, 43183, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Isabelle Landrieu
- ERL9002 Integrative Structural Biology, CNRS, 50 Avenue de Halley, 59658, Villeneuve d'Ascq, Lille, France.,U1167 RID-AGE Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Univ. Lille, 1 Rue du Professeur Calmette, 59800, Lille, France
| | - Christian Ottmann
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical, Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology, Den Dolech 2, 5612, AZ, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.,Department of Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 7, 45117, Essen, Germany
| | - Gavin O'Mahony
- Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Pepparedsleden 1, 43183, Mölndal, Sweden
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14
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Zhang DW, Luo RH, Xu L, Yang LM, Xu XS, Zheng YT, Luo H. Natural-product-library-based screening for discovery of capsid C-terminal domain targeted HIV-1 inhibitors. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2020; 55:105926. [PMID: 32092396 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.105926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Antiretroviral therapy (ART) can effectively suppress replication of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and limit disease progression. However, ART is unable to eradicate the virus, and the requirement for lifelong treatment may have side effects and may lead to the development of resistance. New approaches to prevent and treat HIV-1 infection should therefore be developed. HIV-1 capsid (CA) protein is an unexploited but attractive target for antiviral drug development. The hydrophobic cavity of the C-terminal domain of CA (CA CTD) has been validated as a potential target for antiviral drugs. Binding of compounds to this conserved non-polar groove in CA CTD allosterically disrupts the CA assembly. This study screened 2080 natural products to identify potential antiviral agents for further development to combat HIV-1 infection. From the primary screen at a fixed concentration of 50 µM, 16 compounds were found to be effective against this target. Six compounds observed in the primary screen were confirmed in dose-response experiments, and were tested against HIV-1-induced cytopathic effects. Two compounds were found to inhibit HIV-1 replication, and the most active compound - rubranol - inhibited viral replication at a moderate micromolar concentration (EC50 = 15.85 μM). The binding modes of rubranol and hirsutanonol to CA CTD were analysed by molecular docking, providing insight for the design of drugs targeting HIV-1 CA. This study reports, for the first time, identification of natural products that showed potential as anti-HIV-1 agents by targeting the conserved hydrophobic cavity of HIV-1 CA CTD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Wei Zhang
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Jiangsu University of Technology, Changzhou, China
| | - Rong-Hua Luo
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province/Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, the National Kunming High Level Biosafety Research Center for Nonhuman Primates, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Lei Xu
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Jiangsu University of Technology, Changzhou, China
| | - Liu-Meng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province/Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, the National Kunming High Level Biosafety Research Center for Nonhuman Primates, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xiao-Shuang Xu
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Jiangsu University of Technology, Changzhou, China
| | - Yong-Tang Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province/Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, the National Kunming High Level Biosafety Research Center for Nonhuman Primates, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
| | - Heng Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China.
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15
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An isoform-selective inhibitor of tropomyosin receptor kinase A behaves as molecular glue. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2020; 30:126775. [PMID: 31699609 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2019.126775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The production of TrkA-selective inhibitors is considerably difficult because the kinase domains of TrkA and its isoforms TrkB/C have highly homologous amino acid sequences. Here we describe the structural basis for the acquisition of selectivity for a isoform-selective TrkA inhibitor, namely compound V1. The X-ray structure revealed that V1 acts as a molecular glue to stabilize the symmetrical dimer of the TrkA kinase domains. V1 binds to the ATP-binding site and simultaneously engages in the dimeric interface of TrkA. The region of the dimeric interface in TrkA is not conserved in TrkB/C; thus, dimer formation may be a novel mechanism for the production of selective TrkA inhibitors. The biochemical and biophysical assay results confirmed that V1 selectively inhibited TrkA and induced the dimer formation of TrkA, but not TrkB. The binding pocket at the TrkA dimer interface can be used for the production of new isoform-selective TrkA inhibitors.
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16
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Kawashita S, Aoyagi K, Yamanaka H, Hantani R, Naruoka S, Tanimoto A, Hori Y, Toyonaga Y, Fukushima K, Miyazaki S, Hantani Y. Symmetry-based ligand design and evaluation of small molecule inhibitors of programmed cell death-1/programmed death-ligand 1 interaction. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2019; 29:2464-2467. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2019.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 07/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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17
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Yoou MS, Cho S, Choi Y. Molecular Docking-assisted Protein Chip Screening of Inhibitors for Bcl-2 Family Protein-protein Interaction to Discover Anticancer Agents by Fragment-based Approach. BIOCHIP JOURNAL 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13206-019-3306-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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18
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Wu G, Zhao T, Kang D, Zhang J, Song Y, Namasivayam V, Kongsted J, Pannecouque C, De Clercq E, Poongavanam V, Liu X, Zhan P. Overview of Recent Strategic Advances in Medicinal Chemistry. J Med Chem 2019; 62:9375-9414. [PMID: 31050421 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Introducing novel strategies, concepts, and technologies that speed up drug discovery and the drug development cycle is of great importance both in the highly competitive pharmaceutical industry as well as in academia. This Perspective aims to present a "big-picture" overview of recent strategic innovations in medicinal chemistry and drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaochan Wu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Shandong University , 44 West Culture Road , 250012 Ji'nan , Shandong , P. R. China
| | - Tong Zhao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Shandong University , 44 West Culture Road , 250012 Ji'nan , Shandong , P. R. China
| | - Dongwei Kang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Shandong University , 44 West Culture Road , 250012 Ji'nan , Shandong , P. R. China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Shandong University , 44 West Culture Road , 250012 Ji'nan , Shandong , P. R. China
| | - Yuning Song
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy , Qilu Hospital of Shandong University , 250012 Ji'nan , China
| | - Vigneshwaran Namasivayam
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry II , University of Bonn , 53121 Bonn , Germany
| | - Jacob Kongsted
- Department of Physics, Chemistry, and Pharmacy , University of Southern Denmark , DK-5230 Odense M , Denmark
| | - Christophe Pannecouque
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy , K.U. Leuven , Herestraat 49 Postbus 1043 (09.A097) , B-3000 Leuven , Belgium
| | - Erik De Clercq
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy , K.U. Leuven , Herestraat 49 Postbus 1043 (09.A097) , B-3000 Leuven , Belgium
| | - Vasanthanathan Poongavanam
- Department of Physics, Chemistry, and Pharmacy , University of Southern Denmark , DK-5230 Odense M , Denmark
| | - Xinyong Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Shandong University , 44 West Culture Road , 250012 Ji'nan , Shandong , P. R. China
| | - Peng Zhan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Shandong University , 44 West Culture Road , 250012 Ji'nan , Shandong , P. R. China
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19
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Ni D, Lu S, Zhang J. Emerging roles of allosteric modulators in the regulation of protein-protein interactions (PPIs): A new paradigm for PPI drug discovery. Med Res Rev 2019; 39:2314-2342. [PMID: 30957264 DOI: 10.1002/med.21585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) are closely implicated in various types of cellular activities and are thus pivotal to health and disease states. Given their fundamental roles in a wide range of biological processes, the modulation of PPIs has enormous potential in drug discovery. However, owing to the general properties of large, flat, and featureless interfaces of PPIs, previous attempts have demonstrated that the generation of therapeutic agents targeting PPI interfaces is challenging, rendering them almost "undruggable" for decades. To date, rapid progress in chemical and structural biology techniques has promoted the exploitation of allostery as a novel approach in drug discovery. By attaching to allosteric sites that are topologically and spatially distinct from PPI interfaces, allosteric modulators can achieve improved physiochemical properties. Thus, allosteric modulators may represent an alternative strategy to target intractable PPIs and have attracted intense pharmaceutical interest. In this review, we first briefly introduce the characteristics of PPIs and then present different approaches for investigating PPIs, as well as the latest methods for modulating PPIs. Importantly, we comprehensively review the recent progress in the development of allosteric modulators to inhibit or stabilize PPIs. Finally, we conclude with future perspectives on the discovery of allosteric PPI modulators, especially the application of computational methods to aid in allosteric PPI drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duan Ni
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Clinical and Fundamental Research Center, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shaoyong Lu
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Clinical and Fundamental Research Center, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Medicinal Bioinformatics Center, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Clinical and Fundamental Research Center, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Medicinal Bioinformatics Center, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Center for Single-Cell Omics, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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20
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Abstract
Tetrazole derivatives are a prime class of heterocycles, very important to medicinal chemistry and drug design due to not only their bioisosterism to carboxylic acid and amide moieties but also to their metabolic stability and other beneficial physicochemical properties. Although more than 20 FDA-approved drugs contain 1 H- or 2 H-tetrazole substituents, their exact binding mode, structural biology, 3D conformations, and in general their chemical behavior is not fully understood. Importantly, multicomponent reaction (MCR) chemistry offers convergent access to multiple tetrazole scaffolds providing the three important elements of novelty, diversity, and complexity, yet MCR pathways to tetrazoles are far from completely explored. Here, we review the use of multicomponent reactions for the preparation of substituted tetrazole derivatives. We highlight specific applications and general trends holding therein and discuss synthetic approaches and their value by analyzing scope and limitations, and also enlighten their receptor binding mode. Finally, we estimated the prospects of further research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constantinos G. Neochoritis
- Drug Design Group, Department of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9700 AD Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ting Zhao
- Drug Design Group, Department of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9700 AD Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander Dömling
- Drug Design Group, Department of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9700 AD Groningen, The Netherlands
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21
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Camoni L, Visconti S, Aducci P, Marra M. From plant physiology to pharmacology: fusicoccin leaves the leaves. PLANTA 2019; 249:49-57. [PMID: 30467630 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-018-3051-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This review highlights 50 years of research on the fungal diterpene fusicoccin, during which the molecule went from a tool in plant physiology research to a pharmacological agent in treating animal diseases. Fusicoccin is a phytotoxic glycosylated diterpene produced by the fungus Phomopsis amygdali, a pathogen of almond and peach plants. Widespread interest in this molecule started when it was discovered that it is capable of causing stomate opening in all higher plants, thereby inducing wilting of leaves. Thereafter, FC became, and still is, a tool in plant physiology, due to its ability to influence a number of fundamental processes, which are dependent on the activation of the plasma membrane H+-ATPase. Molecular studies carried out in the last 20 years clarified details of the mechanism of proton pump stimulation, which involves the fusicoccin-mediated irreversible stabilization of the complex between the H+-ATPase and activatory 14-3-3 proteins. More recently, FC has been shown to influence cellular processes involving 14-3-3 binding to client proteins both in plants and animals. In this review, we report the milestones achieved in more than 50 years of research in plants and highlight recent advances in animals that have allowed this diterpene to be used as a 14-3-3 targeted drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Camoni
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133, Rome, Italy.
| | - Sabina Visconti
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Patrizia Aducci
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Marra
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133, Rome, Italy
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22
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Ballone A, Centorrino F, Ottmann C. 14-3-3: A Case Study in PPI Modulation. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23061386. [PMID: 29890630 PMCID: PMC6099619 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23061386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, targeting the complex network of protein–protein interactions (PPIs) has been identified as a promising drug-discovery approach to develop new therapeutic strategies. 14-3-3 is a family of eukaryotic conserved regulatory proteins which are of high interest as potential targets for pharmacological intervention in human diseases, such as cancer and neurodegenerative and metabolic disorders. This viewpoint is built on the “hub” nature of the 14-3-3 proteins, binding to several hundred identified partners, consequently implicating them in a multitude of different cellular mechanisms. In this review, we provide an overview of the structural and biological features of 14-3-3 and the modulation of 14-3-3 PPIs for discovering small molecular inhibitors and stabilizers of 14-3-3 PPIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Ballone
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Den Dolech 2, 5612 AZ Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
| | - Federica Centorrino
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Den Dolech 2, 5612 AZ Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
| | - Christian Ottmann
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Den Dolech 2, 5612 AZ Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
- Department of Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 7, 45117 Essen, Germany.
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23
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Bier D, Mittal S, Bravo-Rodriguez K, Sowislok A, Guillory X, Briels J, Heid C, Bartel M, Wettig B, Brunsveld L, Sanchez-Garcia E, Schrader T, Ottmann C. The Molecular Tweezer CLR01 Stabilizes a Disordered Protein-Protein Interface. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:16256-16263. [PMID: 29039919 PMCID: PMC5691318 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b07939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Protein regions that are involved in protein-protein interactions (PPIs) very often display a high degree of intrinsic disorder, which is reduced during the recognition process. A prime example is binding of the rigid 14-3-3 adapter proteins to their numerous partner proteins, whose recognition motifs undergo an extensive disorder-to-order transition. In this context, it is highly desirable to control this entropy-costly process using tailored stabilizing agents. This study reveals how the molecular tweezer CLR01 tunes the 14-3-3/Cdc25CpS216 protein-protein interaction. Protein crystallography, biophysical affinity determination and biomolecular simulations unanimously deliver a remarkable finding: a supramolecular "Janus" ligand can bind simultaneously to a flexible peptidic PPI recognition motif and to a well-structured adapter protein. This binding fills a gap in the protein-protein interface, "freezes" one of the conformational states of the intrinsically disordered Cdc25C protein partner and enhances the apparent affinity of the interaction. This is the first structural and functional proof of a supramolecular ligand targeting a PPI interface and stabilizing the binding of an intrinsically disordered recognition motif to a rigid partner protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Bier
- Laboratory
of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven
University of Technology, Den Dolech 2, 5612 AZ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 7, 45117 Essen, Germany
| | - Sumit Mittal
- Max-Planck-Institut
für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Kenny Bravo-Rodriguez
- Max-Planck-Institut
für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Andrea Sowislok
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 7, 45117 Essen, Germany
| | - Xavier Guillory
- Laboratory
of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven
University of Technology, Den Dolech 2, 5612 AZ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 7, 45117 Essen, Germany
| | - Jeroen Briels
- Laboratory
of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven
University of Technology, Den Dolech 2, 5612 AZ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 7, 45117 Essen, Germany
| | - Christian Heid
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 7, 45117 Essen, Germany
| | - Maria Bartel
- Laboratory
of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven
University of Technology, Den Dolech 2, 5612 AZ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Burkhard Wettig
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 7, 45117 Essen, Germany
| | - Luc Brunsveld
- Laboratory
of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven
University of Technology, Den Dolech 2, 5612 AZ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Elsa Sanchez-Garcia
- Max-Planck-Institut
für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Thomas Schrader
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 7, 45117 Essen, Germany
| | - Christian Ottmann
- Laboratory
of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven
University of Technology, Den Dolech 2, 5612 AZ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 7, 45117 Essen, Germany
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24
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Jin X, Lee K, Kim NH, Kim HS, Yook JI, Choi J, No KT. Natural products used as a chemical library for protein-protein interaction targeted drug discovery. J Mol Graph Model 2017; 79:46-58. [PMID: 29136547 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2017.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Protein-protein interactions (PPIs), which are essential for cellular processes, have been recognized as attractive therapeutic targets. Therefore, the construction of a PPI-focused chemical library is an inevitable necessity for future drug discovery. Natural products have been used as traditional medicines to treat human diseases for millennia; in addition, their molecular scaffolds have been used in diverse approved drugs and drug candidates. The recent discovery of the ability of natural products to inhibit PPIs led us to use natural products as a chemical library for PPI-targeted drug discovery. In this study, we collected natural products (NPDB) from non-commercial and in-house databases to analyze their similarities to small-molecule PPI inhibitors (iPPIs) and FDA-approved drugs by using eight molecular descriptors. Then, we evaluated the distribution of NPDB and iPPIs in the chemical space, represented by the molecular fingerprint and molecular scaffolds, to identify the promising scaffolds, which could interfere with PPIs. To investigate the ability of natural products to inhibit PPI targets, molecular docking was used. Then, we predicted a set of high-potency natural products by using the iPPI-likeness score based on a docking score-weighted model. These selected natural products showed high binding affinities to the PPI target, namely XIAP, which were validated in an in vitro experiment. In addition, the natural products with novel scaffolds might provide a promising starting point for further medicinal chemistry developments. Overall, our study shows the potency of natural products in targeting PPIs, which might help in the design of a PPI-focused chemical library for future drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Jin
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Kyungro Lee
- Bioinformatics & Molecular Design Research Center (BMDRC), Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Nam Hee Kim
- Department of Oral Pathology, Oral Cancer Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Hyun Sil Kim
- Department of Oral Pathology, Oral Cancer Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Jong In Yook
- Department of Oral Pathology, Oral Cancer Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Jiwon Choi
- Bioinformatics & Molecular Design Research Center (BMDRC), Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea.
| | - Kyoung Tai No
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea; Bioinformatics & Molecular Design Research Center (BMDRC), Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea.
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Andrei SA, Sijbesma E, Hann M, Davis J, O’Mahony G, Perry MWD, Karawajczyk A, Eickhoff J, Brunsveld L, Doveston RG, Milroy LG, Ottmann C. Stabilization of protein-protein interactions in drug discovery. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2017; 12:925-940. [DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2017.1346608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian A. Andrei
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Eline Sijbesma
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Michael Hann
- Platform Technology and Science, Medicines Research Centre, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Stevenage, UK
| | - Jeremy Davis
- Department of Chemistry, UCB Celltech, Slough, UK
| | - Gavin O’Mahony
- CVMD Medicinal Chemistry, Innovative Medicines and Early Development, AstraZeneca Gothenburg, Pepparedsleden, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Matthew W. D. Perry
- RIA Medicinal Chemistry, Innovative Medicines and Early Development, AstraZeneca Gothenburg, Pepparedsleden, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Anna Karawajczyk
- Medicinal Chemistry, Taros Chemicals GmbH & Co. KG, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Jan Eickhoff
- Assay development & screening, Lead Discovery Center GmbH, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Luc Brunsveld
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Richard G. Doveston
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Lech-Gustav Milroy
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Christian Ottmann
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Department of Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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26
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Macrocycles as protein-protein interaction inhibitors. Biochem J 2017; 474:1109-1125. [PMID: 28298556 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20160619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Revised: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Macrocyclic compounds such as cyclic peptides have emerged as a new and exciting class of drug candidates for inhibition of intracellular protein-protein interactions, which are challenging targets for conventional drug modalities (i.e. small molecules and proteins). Over the past decade, several complementary technologies have been developed to synthesize macrocycle libraries and screen them for binding to therapeutically relevant targets. Two different approaches have also been explored to increase the membrane permeability of cyclic peptides. In this review, we discuss these methods and their applications in the discovery of macrocyclic compounds against protein-protein interactions.
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27
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Hou X, Rooklin D, Fang H, Zhang Y. Resveratrol serves as a protein-substrate interaction stabilizer in human SIRT1 activation. Sci Rep 2016; 6:38186. [PMID: 27901083 PMCID: PMC5128864 DOI: 10.1038/srep38186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Resveratrol is a natural compound found in red wine that has been suggested to exert its potential health benefit through the activation of SIRT1, a crucial member of the mammalian NAD+-dependent deacetylases. SIRT1 has emerged as an attractive therapeutic target for many aging related diseases, however, how its activity can only be activated toward some specific substrates by resveratrol has been poorly understood. Herein, by employing extensive molecular dynamics simulations as well as fragment-centric topographical mapping of binding interfaces, we have clarified current controversies in the literature and elucidated that resveratrol plays an important activation role by stabilizing SIRT1/peptide interactions in a substrate-specific manner. This new mechanism highlights the importance of the N-terminal domain in substrate recognition, explains the activity restoration role of resveratrol toward some “loose-binding” substrates of SIRT1, and has significant implications for the rational design of new substrate-specific SIRT1 modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuben Hou
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Natural Products (MOE), School of Pharmacy, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.,Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York, 10003, United States
| | - David Rooklin
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York, 10003, United States
| | - Hao Fang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Natural Products (MOE), School of Pharmacy, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Yingkai Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York, 10003, United States.,NYU-ECNU Center for Computational Chemistry at NYU Shanghai, Shanghai, 200062, China
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28
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Polley S, Chakravarty D, Chakrabarti G, Sau S. Determining the roles of a conserved tyrosine residue in a Mip-like peptidyl-prolyl cis–trans isomerase. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 87:273-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.02.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Revised: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Kim C, Jung J, Tung TT, Park SB. β-Turn mimetic-based stabilizers of protein-protein interactions for the study of the non-canonical roles of leucyl-tRNA synthetase. Chem Sci 2016; 7:2753-2761. [PMID: 28660052 PMCID: PMC5477029 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc03493k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
For the systematic perturbation of protein–protein interactions, we designed and synthesized tetra-substituted hexahydro-4H-pyrazino[2,1-c][1,2,4]triazine-4,7(6H)-diones as β-turn mimetics. 5c{3,9} stabilizes the direct interaction between LRS and RagD and activates mTORC1 in living cells.
For the systematic perturbation of protein–protein interactions, we designed and synthesized tetra-substituted hexahydro-4H-pyrazino[2,1-c][1,2,4]triazine-4,7(6H)-diones as β-turn mimetics. We then devised a new synthetic route to obtain β-turn mimetic scaffolds via tandem N-acyliminium cyclization and constructed a 162-member library of tetra-substituted pyrazinotriazinediones with an average purity of 90% using a solid-phase parallel synthesis platform. Each library member was subjected to ELISA-based modulator screening for the LRS–RagD interaction, which plays a pivotal role in the nutrient-dependent mTORC1 signalling pathway. Western blot analysis of phosphorylated S6K1 as well as FRET-based imaging confirmed that 5c{3,9} stabilizes the direct interaction between LRS and RagD and activates mTORC1 in live cells under leucine-deprived conditions. Thus, 5c{3,9} can be used as a new research tool for studying the non-canonical role of LRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanwoo Kim
- Department of Chemistry , Seoul National University , Seoul 151-747 , Korea .
| | - Jinjoo Jung
- Department of Biophysics and Chemical Biology , Seoul National University , Seoul 151-747 , Korea
| | - Truong T Tung
- Department of Chemistry , Seoul National University , Seoul 151-747 , Korea .
| | - Seung Bum Park
- Department of Chemistry , Seoul National University , Seoul 151-747 , Korea . .,Department of Biophysics and Chemical Biology , Seoul National University , Seoul 151-747 , Korea
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30
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Sauvageot E, Lafite P, Duverger E, Marion R, Hamel M, Gaillard S, Renaud JL, Daniellou R. Iridium complexes inhibit tumor necrosis factor-α by utilizing light and mixed ligands. J Organomet Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2016.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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31
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Petta I, Lievens S, Libert C, Tavernier J, De Bosscher K. Modulation of Protein-Protein Interactions for the Development of Novel Therapeutics. Mol Ther 2016; 24:707-18. [PMID: 26675501 PMCID: PMC4886928 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2015.214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) underlie most biological processes. An increasing interest to investigate the unexplored potential of PPIs in drug discovery is driven by the need to find novel therapeutic targets for a whole range of diseases with a high unmet medical need. To date, PPI inhibition with small molecules is the mechanism that has most often been explored, resulting in significant progress towards drug development. However, also PPI stabilization is gradually gaining ground. In this review, we provide a focused overview of a number of PPIs that control critical regulatory pathways and constitute targets for the design of novel therapeutics. We discuss PPI-modulating small molecules that are already pursued in clinical trials. In addition, we review a number of PPIs that are still under preclinical investigation but for which preliminary data support their use as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna Petta
- Receptor Research Laboratories, Cytokine Receptor Lab (CRL), VIB Department of Medical Protein Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Inflammation Research Center, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sam Lievens
- Receptor Research Laboratories, Cytokine Receptor Lab (CRL), VIB Department of Medical Protein Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Claude Libert
- Inflammation Research Center, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jan Tavernier
- Receptor Research Laboratories, Cytokine Receptor Lab (CRL), VIB Department of Medical Protein Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Karolien De Bosscher
- Receptor Research Laboratories, Cytokine Receptor Lab (CRL), VIB Department of Medical Protein Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Receptor Research Laboratories, Nuclear Receptor Lab (NRL), VIB Department of Medical Protein Research, Ghent, Belgium
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32
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Deller MC, Kong L, Rupp B. Protein stability: a crystallographer's perspective. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION F-STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY COMMUNICATIONS 2016; 72:72-95. [PMID: 26841758 PMCID: PMC4741188 DOI: 10.1107/s2053230x15024619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Protein stability is a topic of major interest for the biotechnology, pharmaceutical and food industries, in addition to being a daily consideration for academic researchers studying proteins. An understanding of protein stability is essential for optimizing the expression, purification, formulation, storage and structural studies of proteins. In this review, discussion will focus on factors affecting protein stability, on a somewhat practical level, particularly from the view of a protein crystallographer. The differences between protein conformational stability and protein compositional stability will be discussed, along with a brief introduction to key methods useful for analyzing protein stability. Finally, tactics for addressing protein-stability issues during protein expression, purification and crystallization will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc C Deller
- Stanford ChEM-H, Macromolecular Structure Knowledge Center, Stanford University, Shriram Center, 443 Via Ortega, Room 097, MC5082, Stanford, CA 94305-4125, USA
| | - Leopold Kong
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Building 8, Room 1A03, 8 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Bernhard Rupp
- Department of Forensic Crystallography, k.-k. Hofkristallamt, 91 Audrey Place, Vista, CA 92084, USA
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Bier D, Bartel M, Sies K, Halbach S, Higuchi Y, Haranosono Y, Brummer T, Kato N, Ottmann C. Small-Molecule Stabilization of the 14-3-3/Gab2 Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI) Interface. ChemMedChem 2015; 11:911-8. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201500484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- David Bier
- Department of Chemistry; University of Duisburg-Essen; Universitätstr. 7 45141 Essen Germany
| | - Maria Bartel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Institute for Complex Molecular, Systems; Eindhoven University of Technology; P.O. Box 513 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Katharina Sies
- Institute of Molecular Medicine & Cell Research (IMMZ); Faculty of Medicine; University of Freiburg; Stefan-Meier-Str. 17 79104 Freiburg Germany
| | - Sebastian Halbach
- Institute of Molecular Medicine & Cell Research (IMMZ); Faculty of Medicine; University of Freiburg; Stefan-Meier-Str. 17 79104 Freiburg Germany
- Faculty of Biology; University of Freiburg; Schänzlestr. 1 79104 Freiburg Germany
- Spemann Graduate School of Biology & Medicine; University of Freiburg; Albertstr. 19A 79104 Freiburg Germany
| | - Yusuke Higuchi
- The Institute of Scientific & Industrial Research; Osaka University; Osaka 567-0047 Japan
| | - Yu Haranosono
- The Institute of Scientific & Industrial Research; Osaka University; Osaka 567-0047 Japan
| | - Tilman Brummer
- Institute of Molecular Medicine & Cell Research (IMMZ); Faculty of Medicine; University of Freiburg; Stefan-Meier-Str. 17 79104 Freiburg Germany
- BIOSS: Centre for Biological Signaling Studies; University of Freiburg; Schänzlestr. 18 79104 Freiburg Germany
| | - Nobuo Kato
- The Institute of Scientific & Industrial Research; Osaka University; Osaka 567-0047 Japan
| | - Christian Ottmann
- Department of Chemistry; University of Duisburg-Essen; Universitätstr. 7 45141 Essen Germany
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Institute for Complex Molecular, Systems; Eindhoven University of Technology; P.O. Box 513 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands
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34
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Zarzycka B, Kuenemann MA, Miteva MA, Nicolaes GAF, Vriend G, Sperandio O. Stabilization of protein-protein interaction complexes through small molecules. Drug Discov Today 2015; 21:48-57. [PMID: 26434617 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2015.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Revised: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Most of the small molecules that have been identified thus far to modulate protein-protein interactions (PPIs) are inhibitors. Another promising way to interfere with PPI-associated biological processes is to promote PPI stabilization. Even though PPI stabilizers are still scarce, stabilization of PPIs by small molecules is gaining momentum and offers new pharmacological options. Therefore, we have performed a literature survey of PPI stabilization using small molecules. From this, we propose a classification of PPI stabilizers based on their binding mode and the architecture of the complex to facilitate the structure-based design of stabilizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Zarzycka
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Mélaine A Kuenemann
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMRS 973 Inserm, Paris 75013, France; Inserm, U973, Paris 75013, France
| | - Maria A Miteva
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMRS 973 Inserm, Paris 75013, France; Inserm, U973, Paris 75013, France
| | - Gerry A F Nicolaes
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Gert Vriend
- Centre for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics (CMBI), Radboudumc, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Olivier Sperandio
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMRS 973 Inserm, Paris 75013, France; Inserm, U973, Paris 75013, France; Faculté de Pharmacie, CDithem, 1 rue du Prof. Laguesse, 59000 Lille, France.
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35
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Cesa LC, Mapp AK, Gestwicki JE. Direct and Propagated Effects of Small Molecules on Protein-Protein Interaction Networks. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2015; 3:119. [PMID: 26380257 PMCID: PMC4547496 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2015.00119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Networks of protein–protein interactions (PPIs) link all aspects of cellular biology. Dysfunction in the assembly or dynamics of PPI networks is a hallmark of human disease, and as such, there is growing interest in the discovery of small molecules that either promote or inhibit PPIs. PPIs were once considered undruggable because of their relatively large buried surface areas and difficult topologies. Despite these challenges, recent advances in chemical screening methodologies, combined with improvements in structural and computational biology have made some of these targets more tractable. In this review, we highlight developments that have opened the door to potent chemical modulators. We focus on how allostery is being used to produce surprisingly robust changes in PPIs, even for the most challenging targets. We also discuss how interfering with one PPI can propagate changes through the broader web of interactions. Through this analysis, it is becoming clear that a combination of direct and propagated effects on PPI networks is ultimately how small molecules re-shape biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura C Cesa
- Program in Chemical Biology, Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, MI , USA
| | - Anna K Mapp
- Program in Chemical Biology, Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, MI , USA ; Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, MI , USA
| | - Jason E Gestwicki
- Program in Chemical Biology, Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, MI , USA ; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of California San Francisco , San Francisco, CA , USA
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36
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Fischer G, Rossmann M, Hyvönen M. Alternative modulation of protein-protein interactions by small molecules. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2015; 35:78-85. [PMID: 25935873 PMCID: PMC4728186 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2015.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Revised: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Protein–protein interactions can be modulated by more than orthosteric disruption. Modulator categories: ‘orthosteric versus allosteric’ and ‘disrupting versus stabilising’. Interfacial binders exert secondary effects. Non-competitive modulation is a way around low affinity molecules. Non-competitive modulators require tailored screening strategies.
Protein–protein interactions (PPI) have become increasingly popular drug targets, with a number of promising compounds currently in clinical trials. Recent research shows, that PPIs can be modulated in more ways than direct inhibition, where novel non-competitive modes of action promise a solution for the difficult nature of PPI drug discovery. Here, we review recently discovered PPI modulators in light of their mode of action and categorise them as disrupting versus stabilising, orthosteric versus allosteric and by their ability to affect the proteins’ dynamics. We also give recent examples of compounds successful in the clinic, analyse their physicochemical properties and discuss how to overcome the hurdles in discovering alternative modes of modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerhard Fischer
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1GA, UK
| | - Maxim Rossmann
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1GA, UK
| | - Marko Hyvönen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1GA, UK.
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37
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Kuenemann MA, Sperandio O, Labbé CM, Lagorce D, Miteva MA, Villoutreix BO. In silico design of low molecular weight protein-protein interaction inhibitors: Overall concept and recent advances. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2015; 119:20-32. [PMID: 25748546 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2015.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2014] [Revised: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) are carrying out diverse functions in living systems and are playing a major role in the health and disease states. Low molecular weight (LMW) "drug-like" inhibitors of PPIs would be very valuable not only to enhance our understanding over physiological processes but also for drug discovery endeavors. However, PPIs were deemed intractable by LMW chemicals during many years. But today, with the new experimental and in silico technologies that have been developed, about 50 PPIs have already been inhibited by LMW molecules. Here, we first focus on general concepts about protein-protein interactions, present a consensual view about ligandable pockets at the protein interfaces and the possibilities of using fast and cost effective structure-based virtual screening methods to identify PPI hits. We then discuss the design of compound collections dedicated to PPIs. Recent financial analyses of the field suggest that LMW PPI modulators could be gaining momentum over biologics in the coming years supporting further research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélaine A Kuenemann
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMRS 973 Inserm, Paris 75013, France; Inserm, U973, Paris 75013, France
| | - Olivier Sperandio
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMRS 973 Inserm, Paris 75013, France; Inserm, U973, Paris 75013, France; CDithem, Faculté de Pharmacie, 1 rue du Prof Laguesse, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Céline M Labbé
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMRS 973 Inserm, Paris 75013, France; Inserm, U973, Paris 75013, France; CDithem, Faculté de Pharmacie, 1 rue du Prof Laguesse, 59000 Lille, France
| | - David Lagorce
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMRS 973 Inserm, Paris 75013, France; Inserm, U973, Paris 75013, France
| | - Maria A Miteva
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMRS 973 Inserm, Paris 75013, France; Inserm, U973, Paris 75013, France
| | - Bruno O Villoutreix
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMRS 973 Inserm, Paris 75013, France; Inserm, U973, Paris 75013, France; CDithem, Faculté de Pharmacie, 1 rue du Prof Laguesse, 59000 Lille, France.
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Abstract
"Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) are one of the most promising new targets in drug discovery. With estimates between 300,000 and 650,000 in human physiology, targeted modulation of PPIs would tremendously extend the "druggable" genome. In fact, in every disease a wealth of potentially addressable PPIs can be found making pharmacological intervention based on PPI modulators in principle a generally applicable technology. An impressing number of success stories in small-molecule PPI inhibition and natural-product PPI stabilization increasingly encourage academia and industry to invest in PPI modulation. In this chapter examples of both inhibition as well as stabilization of PPIs are reviewed including some of the technologies which has been used for their identification."
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