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Iqbal H, Razzaq A, Zhou D, Lou J, Xiao R, Lin F, Liang Y. Nanomedicine in glaucoma treatment; Current challenges and future perspectives. Mater Today Bio 2024; 28:101229. [PMID: 39296355 PMCID: PMC11409099 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2024.101229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2024] [Revised: 08/19/2024] [Accepted: 09/03/2024] [Indexed: 09/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma presents a significant global health concern and affects millions of individuals worldwide and predicted a high increase in prevalence of about 111 million by 2040. The current standard treatment involves hypotensive eye drops; however, challenges such as patient adherence and limited drug bioavailability hinder the treatment effectiveness. Nanopharmaceuticals or nanomedicines offer promising solutions to overcome these obstacles. In this manuscript, we summarized the current limitations of conventional antiglaucoma treatment, role of nanomedicine in glaucoma treatment, rational design, factors effecting the performance of nanomedicine and different types of nanocarriers in designing of nanomedicine along with their applications in glaucoma treatment from recent literature. Current clinical challenges that hinder real-time application of antiglaucoma nanomedicine are highlighted. Lastly, future directions are identified for improving the therapeutic potential and translation of antiglaucoma nanomedicine into clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haroon Iqbal
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye Hospital, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
- Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310022, China
| | - Anam Razzaq
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Dengming Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye Hospital, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Jiangtao Lou
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye Hospital, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Run Xiao
- Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310022, China
| | - Fu Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye Hospital, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Yuanbo Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye Hospital, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
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2
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Xu S, Li J, Long K, Liang X, Wang W. Light-Activated Anti-Vascular Combination Therapy against Choroidal Neovascularization. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2404218. [PMID: 39206706 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202404218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Choroidal neovascularization (CNV) underlies the crux of many angiogenic eye disorders. Although medications that target vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) are approved for treating CNV, their effectiveness in destroying new blood vessels is limited, and invasive intravitreal administration is required. Additionally, other drugs that destroy established neovessels, such as combretastatin A-4, may have systemic side effects that limit their therapeutic benefits. To overcome these shortcomings, a two-pronged anti-vascular approach is presented for CNV treatment using a photoactivatable nanoparticle system that can release a VEGF receptor inhibitor and a vascular disrupting agent when irradiated with 690 nm light. The nanoparticles can be injected intravenously to enable anti-angiogenic and vascular disrupting combination therapy for CNV through light irradiation to the eyes. This approach can potentiate therapeutic effects while maintaining a favorable biosafety profile for choroidal vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuting Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- Laboratory of Molecular Engineering and Nanomedicine, Dr. Li Dak-Sum Research Centre, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Jia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- Laboratory of Molecular Engineering and Nanomedicine, Dr. Li Dak-Sum Research Centre, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Kaiqi Long
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- Laboratory of Molecular Engineering and Nanomedicine, Dr. Li Dak-Sum Research Centre, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Xiaoling Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Weiping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- Laboratory of Molecular Engineering and Nanomedicine, Dr. Li Dak-Sum Research Centre, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
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3
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Kulbay M, Wu KY, Nirwal GK, Bélanger P, Tran SD. The Role of Reactive Oxygen Species in Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A Comprehensive Review of Antioxidant Therapies. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1579. [PMID: 39062152 PMCID: PMC11274723 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12071579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This review article delves into the intricate roles of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). It presents a detailed analysis of the oxidative stress mechanisms that contribute to the development and progression of these diseases. The review systematically explores the dual nature of ROS in ocular physiology and pathology, underscoring their essential roles in cellular signaling and detrimental effects when in excess. In the context of AMD, the focus is on the oxidative impairment in the retinal pigment epithelium and Bruch's membrane, culminating in the deterioration of macular health. Central to this review is the evaluation of various antioxidant strategies in the prevention and management of AMD. It encompasses a wide spectrum of antioxidants, ranging from dietary nutrients like vitamins C and E, lutein, and zeaxanthin to pharmacological agents with antioxidative properties. The review also addresses novel therapeutic approaches, including gene therapy and nanotechnology-based delivery systems, aiming to enhance antioxidant defense mechanisms in ocular tissues. The article concludes by synthesizing current research findings, clinical trial data, and meta-analyses to provide evidence-based recommendations. It underscores the need for further research to optimize antioxidant therapies, considering individual patient factors and disease stages. This comprehensive review thus serves as a valuable resource for clinicians, researchers, and healthcare professionals in ophthalmology, offering insights into the potential of antioxidants in mitigating the burden of AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merve Kulbay
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, QC H4A 3S5, Canada;
| | - Kevin Y. Wu
- Division of Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada; (K.Y.W.)
| | - Gurleen K. Nirwal
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Paul Bélanger
- Division of Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada; (K.Y.W.)
| | - Simon D. Tran
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1G1, Canada
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Noh S, Hong HK, Kim DG, Jeong H, Lim SJ, Kim JY, Woo SJ, Choi H. Magnetically Controlled Intraocular Delivery of Dexamethasone Using Silica-Coated Magnetic Nanoparticles. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:27888-27897. [PMID: 38973930 PMCID: PMC11223152 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c07033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
Although the number of patients with eye diseases is increasing, efficient drug delivery to the posterior segment of the eyeball remains challenging. The reasons include the unique anatomy of the eyeball, the blood-aqueous barrier, the blood-retina barrier, and drug elimination via the anterior chamber and uveoscleral routes. Solutions to these obstacles for therapeutic delivery to the posterior segment will increase the efficacy, efficiency, and safety of ophthalmic treatment. Micro/nanorobots are promising tools to deliver therapeutics to the retina under the direction of an external magnetic field. Although many groups have evaluated potential uses of micro/nanorobots in retinal treatment, most experiments have been performed under idealized in vitro laboratory conditions and thus do not fully demonstrate the clinical feasibility of this approach. This study examined the use of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) to deliver dexamethasone, a drug widely used in retinal disease treatment. The MNPs allowed sustainable drug release and successful magnetic manipulation inside bovine vitreous humor and the vitreous humor of living rabbits. Therefore, controlled drug distribution via magnetic manipulation of MNPs is a promising strategy for targeted drug delivery to the retina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungmin Noh
- Department
of Robotics and Mechatronics Engineering, Daegu Gyeong-buk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
- DGIST-ETH
Microrobotics Research Center, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Kyoung Hong
- Department
of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University
College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Geun Kim
- Department
of Ophthalmology, Inje University College
of Medicine, Busan Paik Hospital, Busan 47392, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwajun Jeong
- Division
of Nanotechnology, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Jun Lim
- Division
of Nanotechnology, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Young Kim
- DGIST-ETH
Microrobotics Research Center, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Joon Woo
- Department
of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University
College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Republic of Korea
| | - Hongsoo Choi
- Department
of Robotics and Mechatronics Engineering, Daegu Gyeong-buk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
- DGIST-ETH
Microrobotics Research Center, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
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5
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Zhang Y, Watson S, Ramaswamy Y, Singh G. Intravitreal therapeutic nanoparticles for age-related macular degeneration: Design principles, progress and opportunities. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 329:103200. [PMID: 38788306 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2024.103200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of vision loss in the elderly. The current standard treatment for AMD involves frequent intravitreal administrations of therapeutic agents. While effective, this approach presents challenges, including patient discomfort, inconvenience, and the risk of adverse complications. Nanoparticle-based intravitreal drug delivery platforms offer a promising solution to overcome these limitations. These platforms are engineered to target the retina specifically and control drug release, which enhances drug retention, improves drug concentration and bioavailability at the retinal site, and reduces the frequency of injections. This review aims to uncover the design principles guiding the development of highly effective nanoparticle-based intravitreal drug delivery platforms for AMD treatment. By gaining a deeper understanding of the physiology of ocular barriers and the physicochemical properties of nanoparticles, we establish a basis for designing intravitreal nanoparticles to optimize drug delivery and drug retention in the retina. Furthermore, we review recent nanoparticle-based intravitreal therapeutic strategies to highlight their potential in improving AMD treatment efficiency. Lastly, we address the challenges and opportunities in this field, providing insights into the future of nanoparticle-based drug delivery to improve therapeutic outcomes for AMD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhang Zhang
- The School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of IT and Engineering, Sydney Nano Institute, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2008, Australia
| | - Stephanie Watson
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Clinical Ophthalmology and Eye Health, Save Sight Institute, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2008, Australia
| | - Yogambha Ramaswamy
- The School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of IT and Engineering, Sydney Nano Institute, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2008, Australia
| | - Gurvinder Singh
- The School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of IT and Engineering, Sydney Nano Institute, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2008, Australia.
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6
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Wang TJ, Rethi L, Ku MY, Nguyen HT, Chuang AEY. A review on revolutionizing ophthalmic therapy: Unveiling the potential of chitosan, hyaluronic acid, cellulose, cyclodextrin, and poloxamer in eye disease treatments. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 273:132700. [PMID: 38879998 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Ocular disorders, encompassing both common ailments like dry eye syndrome and more severe situations for instance age-related macular degeneration, present significant challenges to effective treatment due to the intricate architecture and physiological barriers of the eye. Polysaccharides are emerging as potential solutions for drug delivery to the eyes due to their compatibility with living organisms, natural biodegradability, and adhesive properties. In this review, we explore not only the recent advancements in polysaccharide-based technologies and their transformative potential in treating ocular illnesses, offering renewed optimism for both patients and professionals but also anatomy of the eye and the significant obstacles hindering drug transportation, followed by an investigation into various drug administration methods and their ability to overcome ocular-specific challenges. Our focus lies on biological adhesive polymers, including chitosan, hyaluronic acid, cellulose, cyclodextrin, and poloxamer, known for their adhesive characteristics enhancing drug retention on ocular surfaces and increasing bioavailability. A detailed analysis of material designs used in ophthalmic formulations, such as gels, lenses, eye drops, nanofibers, microneedles, microspheres, and nanoparticles, their advantages and limitations, the potential of formulations in improving therapeutic outcomes for various eye conditions. Moreover, we underscore the discovery of novel polysaccharides and their potential uses in ocular drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Jen Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Lekshmi Rethi
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan; International Ph.D. Program in Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Min-Yi Ku
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Hieu Trung Nguyen
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Viet Nam
| | - Andrew E-Y Chuang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan; International Ph.D. Program in Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Cell Physiology and Molecular Image Research Center, Taipei Medical University-Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei 11696, Taiwan.
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7
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Crane R, Makia MS, Zeibak S, Tebbe L, Ikele L, Woods CR, Conley SM, Acharya G, Naash MI, Al-Ubaidi MR. Effective intravitreal gene delivery to retinal pigment epithelium with hyaluronic acid nanospheres. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2024; 35:102222. [PMID: 38868364 PMCID: PMC11168490 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2024.102222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Inherited retinal degeneration (IRD) can cause a wide range of different forms of vision loss and blindness, and in spite of extensive advancements in gene therapy research, therapeutic approaches for targeting IRDs are still lacking. We have recently developed an approach for the intravitreal co-delivery of hyaluronic-acid nanospheres (HA-NSs) with sulfotyrosine (ST), effectively reaching the outer retina from the vitreal cavity. Here, our goal was to understand whether DNA-filled HA-NSs could generate gene expression in the outer retina. TxRed-labeled HA-NSs were compacted with plasmid DNA carrying a GFP reporter gene and intravitreally injected into the mouse retina. Follow-up at 4 weeks showed widespread gene expression in the outer retina and reduced, albeit present, expression at 8 weeks post-injection. Further analysis revealed this expression to be largely localized to the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). These data show that intravitreal delivery of HA-NSs is a promising non-viral platform for the delivery of therapeutic genes and can generate pan-tissue, persistent gene expression in the RPE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Crane
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Mustafa S. Makia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Stephanie Zeibak
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Lars Tebbe
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Larissa Ikele
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | | | - Shannon M. Conley
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Ghanashyam Acharya
- Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Muna I. Naash
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
- College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Muayyad R. Al-Ubaidi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
- College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
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8
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Bisen AC, Dubey A, Agrawal S, Biswas A, Rawat KS, Srivastava S, Bhatta RS. Recent updates on ocular disease management with ophthalmic ointments. Ther Deliv 2024; 15:463-480. [PMID: 38888757 DOI: 10.1080/20415990.2024.2346047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Ophthalmic diseases can result in permanent vision loss and blindness. Convenient topical and systemic treatments are preferred to address these sight-threatening conditions. However, the unique anatomy of the eye presents challenges for drug delivery. Various ophthalmic ointment formulations have been developed to enhance bioavailability in the eye to prolong residence time and improve corneal permeability. This article explores a wide range of ocular diseases affecting individuals globally and how ointments are used to manage them. From eye to ocular barriers, this review focuses on published scientific research and formulation strategies for severe ocular complications using conventional topical ointments. Additionally, it delves through patented technologies and marketed formulations supporting the use of ointments in ocular drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amol Chhatrapati Bisen
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Sophisticated Analytical Instrument Facility and Research, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ayush Dubey
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, CSJM University, Kanpur, 208024, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sristi Agrawal
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Arpon Biswas
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kundan Singh Rawat
- Prof. Rajendra Singh Nanoscience & Chemistry D.S.B. Campus, Kumaun University, Nainital, 263001, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Saurabh Srivastava
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, CSJM University, Kanpur, 208024, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rabi Sankar Bhatta
- Pharmaceutics & Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Datta D, Priyanka Bandi S, Colaco V, Dhas N, Siva Reddy DV, Vora LK. Fostering the unleashing potential of nanocarriers-mediated delivery of ocular therapeutics. Int J Pharm 2024; 658:124192. [PMID: 38703931 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Ocular delivery is the most challenging aspect in the field of pharmaceutical research. The major hurdle for the controlled delivery of drugs to the eye includes the physiological static barriers such as the complex layers of the cornea, sclera and retina which restrict the drug from permeating into the anterior and posterior segments of the eye. Recent years have witnessed inventions in the field of conventional and nanocarrier drug delivery which have shown considerable enhancement in delivering small to large molecules across the eye. The dynamic challenges associated with conventional systems include limited drug contact time and inadequate ocular bioavailability resulting from solution drainage, tear turnover, and dilution or lacrimation. To this end, various bioactive-based nanosized carriers including liposomes, ethosomes, niosomes, dendrimer, nanogel, nanofibers, contact lenses, nanoprobes, selenium nanobells, nanosponge, polymeric micelles, silver nanoparticles, and gold nanoparticles among others have been developed to circumvent the limitations associated with the conventional dosage forms. These nanocarriers have been shown to achieve enhanced drug permeation or retention and prolong drug release in the ocular tissue due to their better tissue adherence. The surface charge and the size of nanocarriers (10-1000 nm) are the important key factors to overcome ocular barriers. Various nanocarriers have been shown to deliver active therapeutic molecules including timolol maleate, ampicillin, natamycin, voriconazole, cyclosporine A, dexamethasone, moxifloxacin, and fluconazole among others for the treatment of anterior and posterior eye diseases. Taken together, in a nutshell, this extensive review provides a comprehensive perspective on the numerous facets of ocular drug delivery with a special focus on bioactive nanocarrier-based approaches, including the difficulties and constraints involved in the fabrication of nanocarriers. This also provides the detailed invention, applications, biodistribution and safety-toxicity of nanocarriers-based therapeutcis for the ophthalmic delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepanjan Datta
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka State, India.
| | - Sony Priyanka Bandi
- Loka Laboratories Private Limited, Technology Business Incubator, BITS Pilani Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Medchal 500078, Telangana, India.
| | - Viola Colaco
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka State, India
| | - Namdev Dhas
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka State, India
| | - D V Siva Reddy
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio TX78227, USA
| | - Lalitkumar K Vora
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, U.K
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Zhang Q, Yan K, Zheng X, Liu Q, Han Y, Liu Z. Research progress of photo-crosslink hydrogels in ophthalmology: A comprehensive review focus on the applications. Mater Today Bio 2024; 26:101082. [PMID: 38774449 PMCID: PMC11107262 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2024.101082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Hydrogel presents a three-dimensional polymer network with high water content. Over the past decade, hydrogel has developed from static material to intelligent material with controllable response. Various stimuli are involved in the formation of hydrogel network, among which photo-stimulation has attracted wide attention due to the advantages of controllable conditions, which has a good application prospect in the treatment of ophthalmic diseases. This paper reviews the application of photo-crosslink hydrogels in ophthalmology, focusing on the types of photo-crosslink hydrogels and their applications in ophthalmology, including drug delivery, tissue engineering and 3D printing. In addition, the limitations and future prospects of photo-crosslink hydrogels are also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghe Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang Hunan 421001, China
| | - Ke Yan
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang Hunan 421001, China
| | - Xiaoqin Zheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang Hunan 421001, China
| | - Qiuping Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang Hunan 421001, China
| | - Yi Han
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang Hunan 421001, China
| | - Zuguo Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang Hunan 421001, China
- Xiamen University Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Fujian Engineering and Research Center of Eye Regenerative Medicine, Eye Institute of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen Fujian 361005, China
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11
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Shi Y, Ye D, Cui K, Bai X, Fan M, Feng Y, Hu C, Xu Y, Huang J. Melatonin ameliorates retinal ganglion cell senescence and apoptosis in a SIRT1-dependent manner in an optic nerve injury model. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:167053. [PMID: 38325588 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2024.167053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Melatonin is involved in exerting protective effects in aged-related and neurodegenerative diseases through a silent information regulator type 1 (SIRT1)-dependent pathway. However, little was known about the impact of melatonin on retinal ganglion cell (RGC) senescence and apoptosis following optic nerve crush (ONC). Thus, this study aimed to examine the effects of melatonin on RGC senescence and apoptosis after ONC and investigate the involvement of SIRT1 in this process. To study this, an ONC model was established. EX-527, an inhibitor of SIRT1, was injected intraperitoneally into mice. And melatonin was administrated abdominally into mice after ONC every day. Hematoxylin & eosin staining, retina flat-mounts and optical coherence tomography were used to evaluate the loss of retina cells/neurons. Pattern electroretinogram (p-ERG) was performed to evaluate the function of RGCs. Immunofluorescence and western blot were used to evaluate protein expression. SA-β-gal staining was employed to detect senescent cells. The results demonstrated that melatonin partially rescued the expression of SIRT1 in RGC 3 days after ONC. Additionally, melatonin administration partly rescued the decreased RGC number and ganglion cell complex thickness observed 14 days after ONC. Melatonin also suppressed ONC-induced senescence and apoptosis index. Furthermore, p-ERG showed that melatonin improved the amplitude of P50, N95 and N95/P50 following ONC. Importantly, the protective effects of melatonin were reversed when EX-527 was administered. In summary, this study revealed that melatonin attenuated RGC senescence and apoptosis through a SIRT1-dependent pathway after ONC. These findings provide valuable insights for the treatment of RGC senescence and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxun Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Dan Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, China; Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 151 Yanjiang Road, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Kaixuan Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Xue Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Matthew Fan
- Yale College, Yale University, New Haven, CT 201942, United States
| | - Yanlin Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Chenyang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Yue Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, China.
| | - Jingjing Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, China.
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12
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Wang L, Zhang S, Han Y, Tang S, Li J, Bu L, Zhao D, Deng H. An effective pharmacological hydrogel induces optic nerve repair and improves visual function. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2024; 67:529-542. [PMID: 38041780 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-023-2394-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Irreversible eye lesions, such as glaucoma and traumatic optic neuropathy, can cause blindness; however, no effective treatments exist. The optic nerve, in particular, lacks the capacity to spontaneously regenerate, requiring the development of an effective approach for optic nerve repair, which has proven challenging. Here, we demonstrate that a combination of the small molecules 3BDO and trichostatin A (TSA)-which regulate mTOR and HDAC, respectively-packaged in thermosensitive hydrogel for 4-week-sustained release after intravitreal injection, effectively induced optic nerve regeneration in a mouse model of optic nerve crush injury. Moreover, this combination of 3BDO and TSA also protected axon projections and improved visual responses in an old mouse model (11 months old) of glaucoma. Taken together, our data provide a new, local small molecule-based treatment for the effective induction of optic nerve repair, which may represent a foundation for the development of pharmacological methods to treat irreversible eye diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lipeng Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Stem Cell Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Shan Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Stem Cell Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yawen Han
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Shuo Tang
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Stem Cell Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Jiarui Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University People's Hospital Eye Diseases and Optometry Institute, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Lina Bu
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Dongyu Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Hongkui Deng
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Stem Cell Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China.
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
- Changping Laboratory, Beijing, 102206, China.
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13
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Ashique S, Mishra N, Mohanto S, Gowda BJ, Kumar S, Raikar AS, Masand P, Garg A, Goswami P, Kahwa I. Overview of processed excipients in ocular drug delivery: Opportunities so far and bottlenecks. Heliyon 2024; 10:e23810. [PMID: 38226207 PMCID: PMC10788286 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Ocular drug delivery presents a unique set of challenges owing to the complex anatomy and physiology of the eye. Processed excipients have emerged as crucial components in overcoming these challenges and improving the efficacy and safety of ocular drug delivery systems. This comprehensive overview examines the opportunities that processed excipients offer in enhancing drug delivery to the eye. By analyzing the current landscape, this review highlights the successful applications of processed excipients, such as micro- and nano-formulations, sustained-release systems, and targeted delivery strategies. Furthermore, this article delves into the bottlenecks that have impeded the widespread adoption of these excipients, including formulation stability, biocompatibility, regulatory constraints, and cost-effectiveness. Through a critical evaluation of existing research and industry practices, this review aims to provide insights into the potential avenues for innovation and development in ocular drug delivery, with a focus on addressing the existing challenges associated with processed excipients. This synthesis contributes to a deeper understanding of the promising role of processed excipients in improving ocular drug delivery systems and encourages further research and development in this rapidly evolving field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumel Ashique
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bengal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Research, Durgapur 713212, West Bengal, India
| | - Neeraj Mishra
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University Madhya Pradesh, Gwalior, 474005, India
| | - Sourav Mohanto
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Yenepoya Pharmacy College & Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to Be University), Mangalore, 575018, India
| | - B.H. Jaswanth Gowda
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Shubneesh Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Bharat Institute of Technology, School of Pharmacy, Meerut 250103, UP, India
| | - Amisha S. Raikar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, PES Rajaram and Tarabai Bandekar College of Pharmacy, Ponda, Goa 403401, India
| | - Priya Masand
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Meerut Institute of Engineering & Technology, (MIET), NH-58, Delhi-Roorkee Highway, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh 250005, India
| | - Ashish Garg
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Guru Ramdas Khalsa Institute of Science and Technology (Pharmacy), Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Priyanka Goswami
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Saraswati Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gandhinagar 382355, Gujarat, India
- Maharashtra Educational Society's H.K. College of Pharmacy, Mumbai: 400102.India
| | - Ivan Kahwa
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, P.O Box 1410, Mbarara, Uganda
- Pharm-Bio Technology and Traditional Medicine Centre, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, P. O Box 1410, Mbarara, Uganda
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14
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Wei D, Pu N, Li SY, Wang YG, Tao Y. Application of iontophoresis in ophthalmic practice: an innovative strategy to deliver drugs into the eye. Drug Deliv 2023; 30:2165736. [PMID: 36628545 PMCID: PMC9851230 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2023.2165736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Delivery of drugs to special locations of ocular lesions, while minimizing systemic and local toxic effects, is recognized as a critical challenge in the ophthalmic practice. The special anatomy and physiology barriers within the eyeball entail effective drug delivery systems. Emerging attempts in drug delivery has led to developments in ocular iontophoresis, which acts as a noninvasive technology to enhance drug penetration using a small electric current. This technique offers greater flexibility to deliver desired drug dose in a controlled and tolerable manner. In previous studies, this technique has been testified to deliver antibiotics, corticoid, proteins and other gene drugs into the eye with the potency of treating or alleviating diverse ophthalmological diseases including uveitis, cataract, retinoblastoma, herpes simplex and cytomegalovirus retinitis (CMVR), etc. In this review, we will introduce the recent developments in iontophoresis device. We also summarize the latest progress in coulomb controlled iontophoresis (CCI), hydrogel ionic circuit (HIC) and EyeGate II delivery system (EGDS), as well as overview the potential toxicity of iontophoresis. We will discuss these factors that affect the efficacy of iontophoresis experiments, and focus on the latest progress in its clinical application in the treatment of eye diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Wei
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan University School of Medicine, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China,College of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ning Pu
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan University School of Medicine, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China,College of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Si-Yu Li
- College of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yan-Ge Wang
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan University School of Medicine, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China,CONTACT Yan-Ge Wang
| | - Ye Tao
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan University School of Medicine, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China,Ye Tao Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan University School of Medicine, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou450003, China
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15
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Oucif Khaled MT, Zaater A, Ben Amor I, Zeghoud S, Ben Amor A, Hemmami H, Alnazza Alhamad A. Drug delivery methods based on nanotechnology for the treatment of eye diseases. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2023; 85:6029-6040. [PMID: 38098602 PMCID: PMC10718325 DOI: 10.1097/ms9.0000000000001399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the most difficult tasks among the numerous medication delivery methods is ocular drug delivery. Despite having effective medications for treating ocular illness, we have not yet managed to develop an appropriate drug delivery strategy with the fewest side effects. Nanotechnology has the potential to significantly address the drawbacks of current ocular delivery systems, such as their insufficient therapeutic effectiveness and unfavourable side effects from invasive surgery or systemic exposure. The objective of the current research is to highlight and update the most recent developments in nano-based technologies for the detection and treatment of ocular diseases. Even if more work has to be done, the advancements shown here might lead to brand-new, very practical ocular nanomedicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Tayeb Oucif Khaled
- Department of Process Engineering and Petrochemical, Faculty of Technology, University of El Oued, El Oued, Algeria
- Renewable Energy Development unit in Arid Zones (UDERZA), University of El Oued, El Oued, Algeria
| | - Abdelmalekd Zaater
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University of El Oued, El Oued, Algeria
- Biodiversity laboratory and application of biotechnology in agriculture, University of El Oued, El Oued, Algeria
| | - Ilham Ben Amor
- Department of Process Engineering and Petrochemical, Faculty of Technology, University of El Oued, El Oued, Algeria
- Renewable Energy Development unit in Arid Zones (UDERZA), University of El Oued, El Oued, Algeria
| | - Soumeia Zeghoud
- Department of Process Engineering and Petrochemical, Faculty of Technology, University of El Oued, El Oued, Algeria
- Renewable Energy Development unit in Arid Zones (UDERZA), University of El Oued, El Oued, Algeria
| | - Asma Ben Amor
- Department of Process Engineering and Petrochemical, Faculty of Technology, University of El Oued, El Oued, Algeria
- Renewable Energy Development unit in Arid Zones (UDERZA), University of El Oued, El Oued, Algeria
| | - Hadia Hemmami
- Department of Process Engineering and Petrochemical, Faculty of Technology, University of El Oued, El Oued, Algeria
- Renewable Energy Development unit in Arid Zones (UDERZA), University of El Oued, El Oued, Algeria
| | - Ali Alnazza Alhamad
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Aleppo, Aleppo, Syrian Arab Republic
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16
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Li S, Chen L, Fu Y. Nanotechnology-based ocular drug delivery systems: recent advances and future prospects. J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:232. [PMID: 37480102 PMCID: PMC10362606 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-01992-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Ocular drug delivery has constantly challenged ophthalmologists and drug delivery scientists due to various anatomical and physiological barriers. Static and dynamic ocular barriers prevent the entry of exogenous substances and impede therapeutic agents' active absorption. This review elaborates on the anatomy of the eye and the associated constraints. Followed by an illustration of some common ocular diseases, including glaucoma and their current clinical therapies, emphasizing the significance of drug therapy in treating ocular diseases. Subsequently, advances in ocular drug delivery modalities, especially nanotechnology-based ocular drug delivery systems, are recommended, and some typical research is highlighted. Based on the related research, systematic and comprehensive characterizations of the nanocarriers are summarized, hoping to assist with future research. Besides, we summarize the nanotechnology-based ophthalmic drugs currently on the market or still in clinical trials and the recent patents of nanocarriers. Finally, inspired by current trends and therapeutic concepts, we provide an insight into the challenges faced by novel ocular drug delivery systems and further put forward directions for future research. We hope this review can provide inspiration and motivation for better design and development of novel ophthalmic formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiding Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Liangbo Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Yao Fu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200011, China.
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17
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Wu KY, Tan K, Akbar D, Choulakian MY, Tran SD. A New Era in Ocular Therapeutics: Advanced Drug Delivery Systems for Uveitis and Neuro-Ophthalmologic Conditions. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1952. [PMID: 37514137 PMCID: PMC10385446 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15071952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The eye's intricate anatomical barriers pose significant challenges to the penetration, residence time, and bioavailability of topically applied medications, particularly in managing uveitis and neuro-ophthalmologic conditions. Addressing this issue, polymeric nano-based drug delivery systems (DDS) have surfaced as a promising solution. These systems enhance drug bioavailability in hard-to-reach target tissues, extend residence time within ocular tissues, and utilize biodegradable and nanosized polymers to reduce undesirable side effects. Thus, they have stimulated substantial interest in crafting innovative treatments for uveitis and neuro-ophthalmologic diseases. This review provides a comprehensive exploration of polymeric nano-based DDS used for managing these conditions. We discuss the present therapeutic hurdles posed by these diseases and explore the potential role of various biopolymers in broadening our treatment repertoire. Our study incorporates a detailed literature review of preclinical and clinical studies from 2017 to 2023. Owing to advancements in polymer science, ocular DDS has made rapid strides, showing tremendous potential to revolutionize the treatment of patients with uveitis and neuro-ophthalmologic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Y Wu
- Department of Surgery, Division of Ophthalmology, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1G 2E8, Canada
| | - Kenneth Tan
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Dania Akbar
- Department of Human Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
| | - Mazen Y Choulakian
- Department of Surgery, Division of Ophthalmology, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1G 2E8, Canada
| | - Simon D Tran
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1G1, Canada
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18
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Ayesha A, Wallace RT, Mai AP, Simpson RG, Chaya CJ. Iris atrophy after administration of Dexycu: Additional evidence and possible mechanism for a rare complication. Am J Ophthalmol Case Rep 2023; 30:101806. [PMID: 36915893 PMCID: PMC10006707 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajoc.2023.101806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To report the observation of iris atrophy with the use of Dexycu in cataract surgery and describe a possible mechanism for this complication. Observations Between 2020 and 2021, 2 patients underwent cataract surgery procedures with the use of Dexycu and experienced iris atrophy. The first case of iris atrophy was discovered by 6-month follow-up and the second case by 2-month follow-up. The timing and nature of this complication possibly represent more than steroid-induced hypopigmentation. Conclusions and Importance This publication adds further evidence of iris atrophy and a proposed mechanism associated with the use of Dexycu. Surgeons should be aware of this complication, especially when operating on eyes with dark irides.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ryan T Wallace
- Baylor College of Medicine Department of Ophthalmology, USA
| | - Anthony P Mai
- University of Utah Department of Ophthalmology, John A. Moran Eye Center, USA
| | - Rachel G Simpson
- University of Utah Department of Ophthalmology, John A. Moran Eye Center, USA
| | - Craig J Chaya
- University of Utah Department of Ophthalmology, John A. Moran Eye Center, USA
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19
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Tang X, Liu J, Yan R, Peng Q. Carbohydrate polymer-based bioadhesive formulations and their potentials for the treatment of ocular diseases: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 242:124902. [PMID: 37210054 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Eyes are directly exposed to the outer environment and susceptible to infections, leading to various ocular disorders. Local medication is preferred to treat eye diseases due to its convenience and compliance. However, the rapid clearance of the local formulations highly limits the therapeutic efficacy. In the past decades, several carbohydrate bioadhesive polymers (CBPs), such as chitosan and hyaluronic acid, have been used in ophthalmology for sustained ocular drug delivery. These CBP-based delivery systems have improved the treatment of ocular diseases to a large extent but also caused some undesired effects. Herein, we aim to summarize the applications of some typical CBPs (including chitosan, hyaluronic acid, cellulose, cyclodextrin, alginate and pectin) in treating ocular diseases from the general view of ocular physiology, pathophysiology and drug delivery, and to provide a comprehensive understanding of the design of the CBP-based formulations for ocular use. The patents and clinical trials of CBPs for ocular management are also discussed. In addition, a discussion on the concerns of CBPs in clinical use and the possible solutions is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuelin Tang
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jianhong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ruijiao Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qiang Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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20
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Rohira H, Arora A, Kaur P, Chugh A. Peptide cargo administration: current state and applications. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 107:3153-3181. [PMID: 37052636 PMCID: PMC10099029 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12512-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Effective delivery of drug molecules to the target site is a challenging task. In the last decade, several innovations in the drug delivery system (DDS) have tremendously improved the therapeutic efficacy of drug molecules. Among various DDS, cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) based DDS have gathered notable attention owing to their safety, efficacy, selectivity, specificity, and ease of synthesis. CPPs are emerging as an efficient and effective pharmaceutical nanocarriers-based platforms for successful management of various important human health disorders. Failure of several current chemotherapeutic strategies is attributed to low solubility, reduced bioavailability, and off-target delivery of several anti-cancer drugs. Similarly, development of therapeutics for vision-threatening disorders is challenged by the anatomical as well as physiological complexity of the eye. Such therapeutic challenges in cancer and ocular disease management can be overcome by developing cell-penetrating peptide (CPP) based peptide drug conjugates (PDCs). CPPs can be used to deliver various types of cargo molecules including nucleic acids, small molecules, and peptides/proteinaceous agents. In this review, we have briefly introduced CPPs and the linker strategies employed for the development of PDCs. Furthermore, recent studies employing CPP-based PDCs for cancer and ocular disease management have been discussed in detail highlighting their significance over conventional DDS. Later sections of the review are focused on the current status of clinical trials and future implications of CPP-based PDCs in vaccine development. KEY POINTS: • Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) can deliver a variety of cargo macromolecules via covalent and non-covalent conjugation. • CPP-based peptide drug conjugates (PDCs) can overcome drawbacks of conventional drug delivery methods such as biocompatibility, solubility, stability, and specificity. • Various PDCs are in clinical trial phase for cancer and ocular therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harsha Rohira
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India
- Genohelex Care Pvt. Ltd, ASPIRE BioNEST, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500046, India
| | - Aditi Arora
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Prasanjeet Kaur
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Archana Chugh
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India.
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21
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Rousou C, van Kronenburg N, Sonnen AFP, van Dijk M, Moonen C, Storm G, Mastrobattista E, Deckers R. Microbubble-Assisted Ultrasound for Drug Delivery to the Retina in an Ex Vivo Eye Model. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1220. [PMID: 37111705 PMCID: PMC10141545 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15041220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug delivery to the retina is one of the major challenges in ophthalmology due to the biological barriers that protect it from harmful substances in the body. Despite the advancement in ocular therapeutics, there are many unmet needs for the treatment of retinal diseases. Ultrasound combined with microbubbles (USMB) was proposed as a minimally invasive method for improving delivery of drugs in the retina from the blood circulation. This study aimed to investigate the applicability of USMB for the delivery of model drugs (molecular weight varying from 600 Da to 20 kDa) in the retina of ex vivo porcine eyes. A clinical ultrasound system, in combination with microbubbles approved for clinical ultrasound imaging, was used for the treatment. Intracellular accumulation of model drugs was observed in the cells lining blood vessels in the retina and choroid of eyes treated with USMB but not in eyes that received ultrasound only. Specifically, 25.6 ± 2.9% of cells had intracellular uptake at mechanical index (MI) 0.2 and 34.5 ± 6.0% at MI 0.4. Histological examination of retinal and choroid tissues revealed that at these USMB conditions, no irreversible alterations were induced at the USMB conditions used. These results indicate that USMB can be used as a minimally invasive targeted means to induce intracellular accumulation of drugs for the treatment of retinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charis Rousou
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 8, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Imaging and Oncology Division, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Nicky van Kronenburg
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Andreas F. P. Sonnen
- Department of Pathology, Division of Laboratories, Pharmacy and Biomedical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marijke van Dijk
- Department of Pathology, Division of Laboratories, Pharmacy and Biomedical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Chrit Moonen
- Imaging and Oncology Division, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Gert Storm
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 8, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore
- Department of Biomaterials Science and Technology, University of Twente, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Enrico Mastrobattista
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 8, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Roel Deckers
- Imaging and Oncology Division, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
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22
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Bal-Öztürk A, Özcan-Bülbül E, Gültekin HE, Cecen B, Demir E, Zarepour A, Cetinel S, Zarrabi A. Application of Convergent Science and Technology toward Ocular Disease Treatment. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:445. [PMID: 36986546 PMCID: PMC10053244 DOI: 10.3390/ph16030445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Eyes are one of the main critical organs of the body that provide our brain with the most information about the surrounding environment. Disturbance in the activity of this informational organ, resulting from different ocular diseases, could affect the quality of life, so finding appropriate methods for treating ocular disease has attracted lots of attention. This is especially due to the ineffectiveness of the conventional therapeutic method to deliver drugs into the interior parts of the eye, and the also presence of barriers such as tear film, blood-ocular, and blood-retina barriers. Recently, some novel techniques, such as different types of contact lenses, micro and nanoneedles and in situ gels, have been introduced which can overcome the previously mentioned barriers. These novel techniques could enhance the bioavailability of therapeutic components inside the eyes, deliver them to the posterior side of the eyes, release them in a controlled manner, and reduce the side effects of previous methods (such as eye drops). Accordingly, this review paper aims to summarize some of the evidence on the effectiveness of these new techniques for treating ocular disease, their preclinical and clinical progression, current limitations, and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayça Bal-Öztürk
- Department of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Institute of Health Sciences, Istinye University, Istanbul 34396, Türkiye
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istinye University, Istanbul 34396, Türkiye
| | - Ece Özcan-Bülbül
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istinye University, Istanbul 34396, Türkiye
| | - Hazal Ezgi Gültekin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Izmir 35620, Türkiye
| | - Berivan Cecen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA
| | - Ebru Demir
- Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Türkiye
- Molecular Biology, Genetics and Bioengineering Program, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Türkiye
| | - Atefeh Zarepour
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istinye University, Istanbul 34396, Türkiye
| | - Sibel Cetinel
- Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Türkiye
- Molecular Biology, Genetics and Bioengineering Program, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Türkiye
| | - Ali Zarrabi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istinye University, Istanbul 34396, Türkiye
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23
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Shen Y, Sun J, Sun X. Intraocular nano-microscale drug delivery systems for glaucoma treatment: design strategies and recent progress. J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:84. [PMID: 36899348 PMCID: PMC9999627 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-01838-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is a leading cause of irreversible visual impairment and blindness, affecting over 76.0 million people worldwide in 2020, with a predicted increase to 111.8 million by 2040. Hypotensive eye drops remain the gold standard for glaucoma treatment, while inadequate patient adherence to medication regimens and poor bioavailability of drugs to target tissues are major obstacles to effective treatment outcomes. Nano/micro-pharmaceuticals, with diverse spectra and abilities, may represent a hope of removing these obstacles. This review describes a set of intraocular nano/micro drug delivery systems involved in glaucoma treatment. Particularly, it investigates the structures, properties, and preclinical evidence supporting the use of these systems in glaucoma, followed by discussing the route of administration, the design of systems, and factors affecting in vivo performance. Finally, it concludes by highlighting the emerging notion as an attractive approach to address the unmet needs for managing glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuening Shen
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Science, Eye & ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 83 Fenyang Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Jianguo Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Science, Eye & ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 83 Fenyang Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200031, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration (Fudan University), Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Xinghuai Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Science, Eye & ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 83 Fenyang Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200031, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration (Fudan University), Shanghai, 200031, China.
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24
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Hovanesian J, Singh IP, Bauskar A, Vantipalli S, Ozden RG, Goldstein MH. Identifying and addressing common contributors to nonadherence with ophthalmic medical therapy. Curr Opin Ophthalmol 2023; 34:S1-S13. [PMID: 36951648 DOI: 10.1097/icu.0000000000000953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To discuss common reasons for nonadherence and review existing and emerging options to reduce nonadherence with ocular medical therapy and optimize therapeutic outcomes. RECENT FINDINGS Nonadherence can arise from patient-related issues (e.g. physical, cognitive) and healthcare-related issues (e.g. cost, access to care). Multiple strategies have been developed and evaluated to overcome these barriers to adherence. Identifying nonadherence and its cause(s) facilitates the development of strategies to overcome it. SUMMARY Many common causes of nonadherence can be mitigated through a variety of strategies presented.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - I Paul Singh
- The Eye Centers of Racine and Kenosha, Racine, Wisconsin
| | - Aditi Bauskar
- Ocular Therapeutix, Inc., Bedford, Massachusetts USA
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25
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Naik K, Du Toit LC, Ally N, Choonara YE. Advances in Polysaccharide- and Synthetic Polymer-Based Vitreous Substitutes. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:566. [PMID: 36839888 PMCID: PMC9961338 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The vitreous humour is a gel-like structure that composes the majority of each eye. It functions to provide passage of light, be a viscoelastic dampener, and hold the retina in place. Vitreous liquefaction causes retinal detachment and retinal tears requiring pars plana vitrectomy for vitreous substitution. An ideal vitreous substitute should display similar mechanical, chemical, and rheological properties to the natural vitreous. Currently used vitreous substitutes such as silicone oil, perfluorocarbon liquids, and gases cannot be used long-term due to adverse effects such as poor retention time, cytotoxicity, and cataract formation. Long-term, experimental vitreous substitutes composed of natural, modified and synthetic polymers are currently being studied. This review discusses current long- and short-term vitreous substitutes and the disadvantages of these that have highlighted the need for an ideal vitreous substitute. The review subsequently focuses specifically on currently used polysaccharide- and synthetic polymer-based vitreous substitutes, which may be modified or functionalised, or employed as the derivative, and discusses experimental vitreous substitutes in these classes. The advantages and challenges associated with the use of polymeric substitutes are discussed. Innovative approaches to vitreous substitution, namely a novel foldable capsular vitreous body, are presented, as well as future perspectives related to the advancement of this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kruti Naik
- Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa
| | - Lisa C. Du Toit
- Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa
| | - Naseer Ally
- Division of Ophthalmology, Department of Neurosciences, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa
| | - Yahya E. Choonara
- Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa
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26
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Onugwu AL, Nwagwu CS, Onugwu OS, Echezona AC, Agbo CP, Ihim SA, Emeh P, Nnamani PO, Attama AA, Khutoryanskiy VV. Nanotechnology based drug delivery systems for the treatment of anterior segment eye diseases. J Control Release 2023; 354:465-488. [PMID: 36642250 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Diseases affecting the anterior segment of the eye are the primary causes of vision impairment and blindness globally. Drug administration through the topical ocular route is widely accepted because of its user/patient friendliness - ease of administration and convenience. However, it remains a significant challenge to efficiently deliver drugs to the eye through this route because of various structural and physiological constraints that restrict the distribution of therapeutic molecules into the ocular tissues. The bioavailability of topically applied ocular medications such as eye drops is typically less than 5%. Developing novel delivery systems to increase the retention time on the ocular surfaces and permeation through the cornea is one of the approaches adopted to boost the bioavailability of topically administered medications. Drug delivery systems based on nanotechnology such as micelles, nanosuspensions, nanoparticles, nanoemulsions, liposomes, dendrimers, niosomes, cubosomes and nanowafers have been investigated as effective alternatives to conventional ocular delivery systems in treating diseases of the anterior segment of the eye. This review discussed different nanotechnology-based delivery systems that are currently investigated for treating and managing diseases affecting the anterior ocular tissues. We also looked at the challenges in translating these systems into clinical use and the prospects of nanocarriers as a vehicle for the delivery of phytoactive compounds to the anterior segment of the eye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adaeze Linda Onugwu
- Drug Delivery & Nanomedicines Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Chinekwu Sherridan Nwagwu
- Drug Delivery & Nanomedicines Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Obinna Sabastine Onugwu
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Enugu State University of Science and Technology, Agbani, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Adaeze Chidiebere Echezona
- Drug Delivery & Nanomedicines Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Chinazom Precious Agbo
- Drug Delivery & Nanomedicines Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Stella Amarachi Ihim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria; Pharmacology and Physiology Unit, Department of Science Laboratory Technology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Prosper Emeh
- Drug Delivery & Nanomedicines Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Petra Obioma Nnamani
- Drug Delivery & Nanomedicines Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Anthony Amaechi Attama
- Drug Delivery & Nanomedicines Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria; Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Enugu State University of Science and Technology, Agbani, Enugu State, Nigeria.
| | - Vitaliy V Khutoryanskiy
- Reading School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6AD, United Kingdom.
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27
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The application of elastin-like peptides in cancer, tissue engineering and ocular disease. OPENNANO 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.onano.2022.100113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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28
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Gogoi NR, Marbaniang D, Pal P, Ray S, Mazumder B. Targeted Nanotherapies for the Posterior Segment of the Eye: An Integrative Review on Recent Advancements and Challenges. Pharm Nanotechnol 2022; 10:268-278. [PMID: 35946098 DOI: 10.2174/2211738510666220806102612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The eye is a one-of-a-kind sensory organ with intricate anatomy and physiology. It is protected by a variety of barriers, ranging from static barriers to dynamic barriers. Although these barriers are very effective at protecting the eye from exogenous substances and external stress, they are highly compromised by various vision-impairing diseases of both the anterior and the posterior segment of the eye. Due to ocular elimination systems and intricate obstacles that selectively limit drug entry into the eye, effective drug delivery to the posterior segment of the eye (PSE) continues to be a challenge in ophthalmology. Since more than half of the most debilitating eye illnesses are thought to originate in the posterior segment (PS), understanding the physiology and clearance mechanism of the eye could help design improved formulations that could be noninvasive and intended for targeted posterior segment therapeutics. Moreover, the major drawback associated with the conventional drug delivery system to PSE is minimal therapeutic drug concentration in the desired ocular tissue and life-threatening ophthalmic complications. One possible approach that can be implemented to overcome these ocular barriers for efficient ocular therapy, non-invasive and targeted drug action to the posterior tissues is by designing nanomedicines. This review summarizes the recent non-invasive and patient compliant advances in designing nanomedicines targeting PSE. The various routes and pathways of drug administration to the ocular tissue are also summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niva Rani Gogoi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, India
| | - Daphisha Marbaniang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, India
| | - Paulami Pal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, India
| | - Subhabrata Ray
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. B.C. Roy College of Pharmacy & Allied Health Sciences, Durgapur, West Bengal, India
| | - Bhaskar Mazumder
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, India
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29
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Gadziński P, Froelich A, Wojtyłko M, Białek A, Krysztofiak J, Osmałek T. Microneedle-based ocular drug delivery systems - recent advances and challenges. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 13:1167-1184. [PMID: 36348935 PMCID: PMC9623140 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.13.98] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Eye diseases and injuries constitute a significant clinical problem worldwide. Safe and effective delivery of drugs to the eye is challenging mostly due to the presence of ocular barriers and clearance mechanisms. In everyday practice, the traditional eye drops, gels and ointments are most often used. Unfortunately, they are usually not well tolerated by patients due to the need for frequent use as well as the discomfort during application. Therefore, novel drug delivery systems with improved biopharmaceutical properties are a subject of ongoing scientific investigations. Due to the developments in microtechnology, in recent years, there has been a remarkable advance in the development of microneedle-based systems as an alternative, non-invasive form for administering drugs to the eye. This review summarizes the latest achievements in the field of obtaining microneedle ocular patches. In the manuscript, the most important manufacturing technologies, microneedle classification, and the research studies related to ophthalmic application of microneedles are presented. Finally, the most important advantages and drawbacks, as well as potential challenges related to the unique anatomy and physiology of the eye are summarized and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Gadziński
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences
| | - Anna Froelich
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences
| | - Monika Wojtyłko
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences
| | - Antoni Białek
- Student Research Group of Pharmaceutical Technology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences
| | - Julia Krysztofiak
- Student Research Group of Pharmaceutical Technology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences
| | - Tomasz Osmałek
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences
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30
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Garkal A, Bangar P, Rajput A, Pingale P, Dhas N, Sami A, Mathur K, Joshi S, Dhuri S, Parikh D, Mutalik S, Mehta T. Long-acting formulation strategies for protein and peptide delivery in the treatment of PSED. J Control Release 2022; 350:538-568. [PMID: 36030993 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.08.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The invigoration of protein and peptides in serious eye disease includes age-related macular degeneration, choroidal neovascularization, retinal neovascularization, and diabetic retinopathy. The transportation of macromolecules like aptamers, recombinant proteins, and monoclonal antibodies to the posterior segment of the eye is challenging due to their high molecular weight, rapid degradation, and low solubility. Moreover, it requires frequent administration for prolonged therapy. The long-acting novel formulation strategies are helpful to overcome these issues and provide superior therapy. It avoids frequent administration, improves stability, high retention time, and avoids burst release. This review briefly enlightens posterior segments of eye diseases with their diagnosis techniques and treatments. This article mainly focuses on recent advanced approaches like intravitreal implants and injectables, electrospun injectables, 3D printed drug-loaded implants, nanostructure thin-film polymer devices encapsulated cell technology-based intravitreal implants, injectable and depots, microneedles, PDS with ranibizumab, polymer nanoparticles, inorganic nanoparticles, hydrogels and microparticles for delivering macromolecules in the eye for intended therapy. Furthermore, novel techniques like aptamer, small Interference RNA, and stem cell therapy were also discussed. It is predicted that these systems will make revolutionary changes in treating posterior segment eye diseases in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atul Garkal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 382481, India
| | - Priyanka Bangar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 382481, India
| | - Amarjitsing Rajput
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Bharti Vidyapeeth Deemed University, Poona College of Pharmacy, Pune, Maharashtra 411038, India
| | - Prashant Pingale
- Department of Pharmaceutics, GES's Sir Dr. M.S. Gosavi College of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Nashik, Maharashtra 422005, India
| | - Namdev Dhas
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India
| | - Anam Sami
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 382481, India
| | - Khushboo Mathur
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 382481, India
| | - Shubham Joshi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 382481, India
| | - Sonika Dhuri
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 382481, India
| | - Dhaivat Parikh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 382481, India
| | - Srinivas Mutalik
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India
| | - Tejal Mehta
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 382481, India.
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31
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Casey-Power S, Ryan R, Behl G, McLoughlin P, Byrne ME, Fitzhenry L. Hyaluronic Acid: Its Versatile Use in Ocular Drug Delivery with a Specific Focus on Hyaluronic Acid-Based Polyelectrolyte Complexes. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14071479. [PMID: 35890371 PMCID: PMC9323903 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14071479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Extensive research is currently being conducted into novel ocular drug delivery systems (ODDS) that are capable of surpassing the limitations associated with conventional intraocular anterior and posterior segment treatments. Nanoformulations, including those synthesised from the natural, hydrophilic glycosaminoglycan, hyaluronic acid (HA), have gained significant traction due to their enhanced intraocular permeation, longer retention times, high physiological stability, inherent biocompatibility, and biodegradability. However, conventional nanoformulation preparation methods often require large volumes of organic solvent, chemical cross-linkers, and surfactants, which can pose significant toxicity risks. We present a comprehensive, critical review of the use of HA in the field of ophthalmology and ocular drug delivery, with a discussion of the physicochemical and biological properties of HA that render it a suitable excipient for drug delivery to both the anterior and posterior segments of the eye. The pivotal focus of this review is a discussion of the formation of HA-based nanoparticles via polyelectrolyte complexation, a mild method of preparation driven primarily by electrostatic interaction between opposing polyelectrolytes. To the best of our knowledge, despite the growing number of publications centred around the development of HA-based polyelectrolyte complexes (HA-PECs) for ocular drug delivery, no review articles have been published in this area. This review aims to bridge the identified gap in the literature by (1) reviewing recent advances in the area of HA-PECs for anterior and posterior ODD, (2) describing the mechanism and thermodynamics of polyelectrolyte complexation, and (3) critically evaluating the intrinsic and extrinsic formulation parameters that must be considered when designing HA-PECs for ocular application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saoirse Casey-Power
- Ocular Therapeutics Research Group, Pharmaceutical and Molecular Biotechnology Research Centre, Waterford Campus, South East Technological University, X91 K0EK Waterford, Ireland; (R.R.); (G.B.); (P.M.); (L.F.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Richie Ryan
- Ocular Therapeutics Research Group, Pharmaceutical and Molecular Biotechnology Research Centre, Waterford Campus, South East Technological University, X91 K0EK Waterford, Ireland; (R.R.); (G.B.); (P.M.); (L.F.)
| | - Gautam Behl
- Ocular Therapeutics Research Group, Pharmaceutical and Molecular Biotechnology Research Centre, Waterford Campus, South East Technological University, X91 K0EK Waterford, Ireland; (R.R.); (G.B.); (P.M.); (L.F.)
| | - Peter McLoughlin
- Ocular Therapeutics Research Group, Pharmaceutical and Molecular Biotechnology Research Centre, Waterford Campus, South East Technological University, X91 K0EK Waterford, Ireland; (R.R.); (G.B.); (P.M.); (L.F.)
| | - Mark E. Byrne
- Biomimetic & Biohybrid Materials, Biomedical Devices & Drug Delivery Laboratories, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Henry M. Rowan College of Engineering, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Road, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA;
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Henry M. Rowan College of Engineering, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Road, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA
| | - Laurence Fitzhenry
- Ocular Therapeutics Research Group, Pharmaceutical and Molecular Biotechnology Research Centre, Waterford Campus, South East Technological University, X91 K0EK Waterford, Ireland; (R.R.); (G.B.); (P.M.); (L.F.)
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32
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Yang C, Yang J, Lu A, Gong J, Yang Y, Lin X, Li M, Xu H. Nanoparticles in ocular applications and their potential toxicity. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:931759. [PMID: 35911959 PMCID: PMC9334523 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.931759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanotechnology has been developed rapidly in recent decades and widely applied in ocular disease therapy. Nano-drug delivery systems overcome the bottlenecks of current ophthalmic drug delivery and are characterized with strong biocompatibility, stability, efficiency, sustainability, controllability, and few side effects. Nanoparticles have been identified as a promising and generally safe ophthalmic drug-delivery system based on the toxicity assessment in animals. Previous studies have found that common nanoparticles can be toxic to the cornea, conjunctiva, and retina under certain conditions. Because of the species differences between humans and animals, advanced in vitro cell culture techniques, such as human organoids, can mimic the human organism to a certain extent, bringing nanoparticle toxicity assessment to a new stage. This review summarizes the advanced application of nanoparticles in ocular drug delivery and the potential toxicity, as well as some of the current challenges and future opportunities in nanotoxicological evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cao Yang
- Southwest Hospital/Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Junling Yang
- Southwest Hospital/Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Ao Lu
- Southwest Hospital/Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Gong
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuanxing Yang
- Southwest Hospital/Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Xi Lin
- Southwest Hospital/Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Minghui Li
- Southwest Hospital/Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Minghui Li, ; Haiwei Xu,
| | - Haiwei Xu
- Southwest Hospital/Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Minghui Li, ; Haiwei Xu,
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The Use of Polymer Blends in the Treatment of Ocular Diseases. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14071431. [PMID: 35890326 PMCID: PMC9322751 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14071431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The eye is an organ with limited drug access due to its anatomical and physiological barriers, and the usual forms of ocular administration are limited in terms of drug penetration, residence time, and bioavailability, as well as low patient compliance. Hence, therapeutic innovations in new drug delivery systems (DDS) have been widely explored since they show numerous advantages over conventional methods, besides delivering the content to the eye without interfering with its normal functioning. Polymers are usually used in DDS and many of them are applicable to ophthalmic use, especially biodegradable ones. Even so, it can be a hard task to find a singular polymer with all the desirable properties to deliver the best performance, and combining two or more polymers in a blend has proven to be more convenient, efficient, and cost-effective. This review was carried out to assess the use of polymer blends as DDS. The search conducted in the databases of Pubmed and Scopus for specific terms revealed that although the physical combination of polymers is largely applied, the term polymer blend still has low compliance.
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Design of Nanotechnological Carriers for Ocular Delivery of Mangiferin: Preformulation Study. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27041328. [PMID: 35209120 PMCID: PMC8880740 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27041328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Mangiferin (MGN) is a natural compound, showing anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities for the potential treatment of eye diseases. The poor physicochemical features of MGN (low solubility and high instability) justify its nanoencapsulation into nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) to improve its ocular bioavailability. (2) Methods: Firstly, MGN-NLC were prepared by the high shear homogenization coupled with the ultrasound (HSH−US) method. Finally, unloaded and MGN-loaded NLC were analyzed in terms of ocular tolerance. (3) Results: MGN-NLC showed good technological parameters suitable for ocular administration (particle size below 200 nm). The ORAC assay was performed to quantify the antioxidant activity of MGN, showing that the antioxidant activity of MGN-NLC (6494 ± 186 μM TE/g) was higher than that of the free compound (3521 ± 271 μM TE/g). This confirmed that the encapsulation of the drug was able to preserve and increase its activity. In ovo studies (HET-CAM) revealed that the formulation can be considered nonirritant. (4) Conclusions: Therefore, NLC systems are a promising approach for the ocular delivery of MGN.
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Allyn MM, Luo RH, Hellwarth EB, Swindle-Reilly KE. Considerations for Polymers Used in Ocular Drug Delivery. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 8:787644. [PMID: 35155469 PMCID: PMC8831705 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.787644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Age-related eye diseases are becoming more prevalent. A notable increase has been seen in the most common causes including glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration (AMD), and cataract. Current clinical treatments vary from tissue replacement with polymers to topical eye drops and intravitreal injections. Research and development efforts have increased using polymers for sustained release to the eye to overcome treatment challenges, showing promise in improving drug release and delivery, patient experience, and treatment compliance. Polymers provide unique properties that allow for specific engineered devices to provide improved treatment options. Recent work has shown the utilization of synthetic and biopolymer derived biomaterials in various forms, with this review containing a focus on polymers Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved for ocular use. METHODS This provides an overview of some prevalent synthetic polymers and biopolymers used in ocular delivery and their benefits, brief discussion of the various types and synthesis methods used, and administration techniques. Polymers approved by the FDA for different applications in the eye are listed and compared to new polymers being explored in the literature. This article summarizes research findings using polymers for ocular drug delivery from various stages: laboratory, preclinical studies, clinical trials, and currently approved. This review also focuses on some of the challenges to bringing these new innovations to the clinic, including limited selection of approved polymers. RESULTS Polymers help improve drug delivery by increasing solubility, controlling pharmacokinetics, and extending release. Several polymer classes including synthetic, biopolymer, and combinations were discussed along with the benefits and challenges of each class. The ways both polymer synthesis and processing techniques can influence drug release in the eye were discussed. CONCLUSION The use of biomaterials, specifically polymers, is a well-studied field for drug delivery, and polymers have been used as implants in the eye for over 75 years. Promising new ocular drug delivery systems are emerging using polymers an innovative option for treating ocular diseases because of their tunable properties. This review touches on important considerations and challenges of using polymers for sustained ocular drug delivery with the goal translating research to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan M. Allyn
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Richard H. Luo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Elle B. Hellwarth
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Katelyn E. Swindle-Reilly
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Retinal diseases are one of the main reasons for vision loss where all available drug treatments are based on invasive drug administration such as intravitreal injections. Despite huge efforts and some promising results in animal models, almost all delivery technologies tested have failed in human trials. There are however examples of clinically effective topical delivery systems such as fast dissolving aqueous eye drop suspensions. AREAS COVERED Six obstacles to topical drug delivery to the eye have been identified and discussed in some details. These obstacles consist of static membrane barriers to drug permeation into the eye, dynamic barriers such as the lacrimal drainage and physiochemical barriers such as low thermodynamic activity. It is explained how and why these obstacles hamper drug permeation and how different technologies, both those that are applied in marketed drug products and those that are under investigation, have addressed these obstacles. EXPERT OPINION The reason that most topical drug delivery systems have failed to deliver therapeutic drug concentrations to the retina is that they do not address physiochemical barriers such as the thermodynamic activity of the permeating drug molecules. Topical drug delivery to the retina has only been successful when the static, dynamic, and physiochemical barriers are addressed simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thorsteinn Loftsson
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
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Advances of Microneedles in Biomedical Applications. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26195912. [PMID: 34641460 PMCID: PMC8512585 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26195912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
A microneedle (MN) is a painless and minimally invasive drug delivery device initially developed in 1976. As microneedle technology evolves, microneedles with different shapes (cone and pyramid) and forms (solid, drug-coated, hollow, dissolvable and hydrogel-based microneedles) have been developed. The main objective of this review is the applications of microneedles in biomedical areas. Firstly, the classifications and manufacturing of microneedle are briefly introduced so that we can learn the advantages and fabrications of different MNs. Secondly, research of microneedles in biomedical therapy such as drug delivery systems, diagnoses of disease, as well as wound repair and cancer therapy are overviewed. Finally, the safety and the vision of the future of MNs are discussed.
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Co-Injection of Sulfotyrosine Facilitates Retinal Uptake of Hyaluronic Acid Nanospheres Following Intravitreal Injection. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13091510. [PMID: 34575586 PMCID: PMC8469555 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13091510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene and drug delivery to the retina is a critical therapeutic goal. While the majority of inherited forms of retinal degeneration affect the outer retina, specifically the photoreceptors and retinal pigment epithelium, effective targeted delivery to this region requires invasive subretinal delivery. Our goal in this work was to evaluate two innovative approaches for increasing both the persistence of delivered nanospheres and their penetration into the outer retina while using the much less invasive intravitreal delivery method. We formulated novel hyaluronic acid nanospheres (HA-NS, 250 nm and 500 nm in diameter) conjugated to fluorescent reporters and delivered them intravitreally to the adult Balb/C mouse retina. They exhibited persistence in the vitreous and along the inner limiting membrane (ILM) for up to 30 days (longest timepoint examined) but little retinal penetration. We thus evaluated the ability of the small molecule, sulfotyrosine, to disrupt the ILM, and found that 3.2 µg/µL sulfotyrosine led to significant improvement in delivery to the outer retina following intravitreal injections without causing retinal inflammation, degeneration, or loss of function. Co-delivery of sulfotyrosine and HA-NS led to robust improvements in penetration of HA-NS into the retina and accumulation along the interface between the photoreceptors and the retinal pigment epithelium. These exciting findings suggest that sulfotyrosine and HA-NS may be an effective strategy for outer retinal targeting after intravitreal injection.
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Tao Y, Hu B, Ma Z, Li H, Du E, Wang G, Xing B, Ma J, Song Z. Intravitreous delivery of melatonin affects the retinal neuron survival and visual signal transmission: in vivo and ex vivo study. Drug Deliv 2021; 27:1386-1396. [PMID: 33016801 PMCID: PMC7580852 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2020.1818882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Intravitreal delivery can maximize the intensity of therapeutic agents and extend their residence time within ocular tissue. Melatonin is a lipophilic molecule that crosses freely biological barriers and cell membranes. This study intends to investigate the effects of intravitreally delivered melatonin on mouse retina. The visual function of administered mice is assessed by electrophysiological and behavior examinations three weeks after intravitreal delivery. Moreover, multi-electrode array (MEA) was used to assess the electrical activities of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). We found that intravitreal delivery of high dosage melatonin (400-500 µg/kg) destroyed the retinal architecture and impaired the visual function of mice. Conversely, the melatonin administration at low dose (100-300 µg/kg) did not have any significant effects on the photoreceptor survival or visual function. As shown in the MEA recording, the photoreceptors activity of the central region was more severely disturbed by the high dose melatonin. A pronounced augment of the spontaneous firing frequency was recorded in these mice received high dosage melatonin, indicating that intravitreal delivery of high dosage melatonin would affect the electrical activity of RGCs. Immunostaining assay showed that the vitality of cone photoreceptor was impaired by high dose melatonin. These findings suggest that intravitreal melatonin is not always beneficial for ocular tissues, especially when it is administered at high dosage. These data add new perspectives to current knowledge about melatonin delivery at the ocular level. Further therapeutic strategies should take into consideration of these risks that caused by delivery approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Tao
- Department of Ophthalmology, People's hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China.,Department of physiology and neuroscience, Basic college of medicine, Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Bang Hu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Zhao Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wu Han, PR China
| | - Haijun Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, People's hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China.,Department of physiology and neuroscience, Basic college of medicine, Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Enming Du
- Department of Ophthalmology, People's hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China.,Department of physiology and neuroscience, Basic college of medicine, Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, People's hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China.,Department of physiology and neuroscience, Basic college of medicine, Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Biao Xing
- Department of Neurosurgery, Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wu Han, PR China
| | - Jie Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wu Han, PR China
| | - Zongming Song
- Department of Ophthalmology, People's hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China.,Department of physiology and neuroscience, Basic college of medicine, Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou, PR China
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Wang L, Zhou MB, Zhang H. The Emerging Role of Topical Ocular Drugs to Target the Posterior Eye. Ophthalmol Ther 2021; 10:465-494. [PMID: 34218424 PMCID: PMC8319259 DOI: 10.1007/s40123-021-00365-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of chronic fundus diseases is increasing with the aging of the general population. The treatment of these intraocular diseases relies on invasive drug delivery because of the globular structure and multiple barriers of the eye. Frequent intraocular injections bring heavy burdens to the medical care system and patients. The use of topical drugs to treat retinal diseases has always been an attractive solution. The fast development of new materials and technologies brings the possibility to develop innovative topical formulations. This article reviews anatomical and physiological barriers of the eye which affect the bioavailability of topical drugs. In addition, we summarize innovative topical formulations which enhance the permeability of drugs through the ocular surface and/or extend the drug retention time in the eye. This article also reviews the differences of eyes between different laboratory animals to address the translational challenges of preclinical models. The fast development of in vitro eye models may provide more tools to increase the clinical translationality of topical formulations for intraocular diseases. Clinical successes of topical formulations rely on continuous and collaborative efforts between different disciplines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixiang Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | | | - Hui Zhang
- Yuanpu Eye Biopharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Chengdu, China.
- , No. 14 Jiuxing Avenue, Gaoxin District, Chengdu, China.
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41
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Radwan SES, El-Kamel A, Zaki EI, Burgalassi S, Zucchetti E, El-Moslemany RM. Hyaluronic-Coated Albumin Nanoparticles for the Non-Invasive Delivery of Apatinib in Diabetic Retinopathy. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:4481-4494. [PMID: 34239300 PMCID: PMC8259843 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s316564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Apatinib (Apa) is a novel anti-vascular endothelial growth factor with the potential to treat diabetic retinopathy (DR); a serious condition leading to visual impairment and blindness. DR treatment relies on invasive techniques associated with various complications. Investigating topical routes for Apa delivery to the posterior eye segment is thus promising but also challenging due to ocular barriers. Hence, the study objective was to develop Apa-loaded bovine serum albumin nanoparticles (Apa-BSA-NPs) coated with hyaluronic acid (HA); a natural polymer possessing unique mucoadhesive and viscoelastic features with the capacity to actively target CD44 positive retinal cells, for topical administration in DR. Methods Apa-BSA-NPs were prepared by desolvation using glutaraldehyde for cross-linking. HA-coated BSA-NPs were also prepared and HA: NPs ratio optimized. Nanoparticles were characterized for colloidal properties, entrapment efficiency (EE%), in vitro drug release and mucoadhesive potential. In vitro cytotoxicity on rabbit corneal epithelial cells (RCE) was assessed using MTT assay, while efficacy was evaluated in vivo in a diabetic rat model by histopathological examination of the retina by light and transmission electron microscopy. Retinal accumulation of fluorescently labeled BSA-NP and HA-BSA-NP was assessed using confocal microscope scanning. Results Apa-HA-BSA-NPs prepared under optimal conditions showed size, PdI and zeta potential: 222.2±3.56 nm, 0.221±0.02 and -37.3±1.8 mV, respectively. High EE% (69±1%), biphasic sustained release profile with an initial burst effect and mucoadhesion was attained. No evidence of cytotoxicity was observed on RCE cells. In vivo histopathological studies on DR rat model revealed alleviated retinal micro- and ultrastructural changes in the topical HA-Apa-BSA-NP treated eyes with normal basement membrane and retinal thickness comparable to normal control and intravitreally injected nanoparticles. Improved retinal accumulation for HA-BSA-NP was also observed by confocal microscopy. Conclusion Findings present HA-Apa-BSA-NPs as a platform for enhanced topical therapy of DR overcoming the devastating ocular complications of the intravitreal route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salma El-Sayed Radwan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Amal El-Kamel
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Eiman I Zaki
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | | | | | - Riham M El-Moslemany
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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42
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Vincze A, Dargó G, Rácz A, Balogh GT. A corneal-PAMPA-based in silico model for predicting corneal permeability. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2021; 203:114218. [PMID: 34166924 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2021.114218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The capability to predict corneal permeability based on physicochemical parameters has always been a desirable objective of ophthalmic drug development. However, previous work has been limited to cases where either the diversity of compounds used was lacking or the performance of the models was poor. Our study provides extensive quantitative structure-property relationship (QSPR) models for corneal permeability predictions. The models involved in vitro corneal permeability measurements of 189 diverse compounds. Preliminary analysis of data showed that there is no significant correlation between corneal-PAMPA (Parallel Artificial Membrane Permeability Assay) permeability values and other pharmacokinetically relevant in silico drug transport parameters like Caco-2, jejunal permeability and blood-brain partition coefficient (logBB). Two different QSPR models were developed: one for corneal permeability and one for corneal membrane retention, based on experimental corneal-PAMPA permeability data. Partial least squares regression was applied for producing the models, which contained classical molecular descriptors and ECFP fingerprints in combination. A complex validation protocol (including internal and external validation) was carried out to provide robust and appropriate predictions for the permeability and membrane retention values. Both models had an overall fit of R2 > 0.90, including R2-values not lower than 0.85 for validation runs, and provide quick and accurate predictions of corneal permeability values for a diverse set of compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Vincze
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Process Engineering, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem Rakpart 3., 1111, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gergő Dargó
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Process Engineering, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem Rakpart 3., 1111, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anita Rácz
- Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar Tudósok Krt. 2., 1117, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - György T Balogh
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Process Engineering, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem Rakpart 3., 1111, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Pharmacodynamics and Biopharmacy, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6., 6720, Szeged, Hungary.
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43
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Obisesan O, Katata-Seru L, Mufamadi S, Mufhandu H. Applications of Nanoparticles for Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Treatment. J Biomed Nanotechnol 2021; 17:793-808. [PMID: 34082867 DOI: 10.1166/jbn.2021.3074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, the growing studies focused on the immunotherapy of hepatocellular carcinoma and proved the preclinical and clinical promises of host antitumor immune response. However, there were still various obstacles in meeting satisfactory clinic need, such as low response rate, primary resistance and secondary resistance to immunotherapy. Tackling these barriers required a deeper understanding of immune underpinnings and a broader understanding of advanced technology. This review described immune microenvironment of liver and HCC which naturally decided the complexity of immunotherapy, and summarized recent immunotherapy focusing on different points. The ever-growing clues indicated that the instant killing of tumor cell and the subsequent relive of immunosuppressive microenvironment were both indis- pensables. The nanotechnology applied in immunotherapy and the combination with intervention technology was also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwafemi Obisesan
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110000, China
| | - Lebogang Katata-Seru
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110000, China
| | - Steven Mufamadi
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110000, China
| | - Hazel Mufhandu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110000, China
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44
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Lin X, Wu X, Chen X, Wang B, Xu W. Intellective and stimuli-responsive drug delivery systems in eyes. Int J Pharm 2021; 602:120591. [PMID: 33845152 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Stimuli-responsive drug delivery systems have attracted widespread attention in recent years since they can control drug release in a spatiotemporal manner and can achieve tunable drug release according to patient's physiological or pathological condition. In this review, we briefly introduce the drug delivery barriers and drug delivery systems in the anterior and posterior segment of eyes, and collect the recent advances in stimuli-responsive drug delivery systems in eyes for controlled drug release in response to exogenous stimuli (ultrasound, magnetic stimulus, electrical stimulus, and light) or endogenous stimuli (enzyme, active oxygen species, temperature, ions, and pH). In addition, the design and mechanisms of the stimuli-responsive drug delivery systems have been summarized in this review, and the advantages and limitations are also briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqi Lin
- Eye Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China
| | - Xingdi Wu
- Eye Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Eye Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China
| | - Ben Wang
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education), the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China; Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310029, China.
| | - Wen Xu
- Eye Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China.
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45
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Silva M, Peng T, Zhao X, Li S, Farhan M, Zheng W. Recent trends in drug-delivery systems for the treatment of diabetic retinopathy and associated fibrosis. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 173:439-460. [PMID: 33857553 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy is a frequent microvascular complication of diabetes and a major cause of visual impairment. In advanced stages, the abnormal neovascularization can lead to fibrosis and subsequent tractional retinal detachment and blindness. The low bioavailability of the drugs at the target site imposed by the anatomic and physiologic barriers within the eye, requires long term treatments with frequent injections that often compromise patient's compliance and increase the risk of developing more complications. In recent years, much effort has been put towards the development of new drug delivery platforms aiming to enhance their permeation, to prolong their retention time at the target site and to provide a sustained release with reduced toxicity and improved efficacy. This review provides an overview of the etiology and pathophysiology of diabetic retinopathy and current treatments. It addresses the specific challenges associated to the different ocular delivery routes and provides a critical review of the most recent developments made in the drug delivery field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Silva
- Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau
| | - Tangming Peng
- Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau
| | - Xia Zhao
- Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau
| | - Shuai Li
- Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau
| | - Mohd Farhan
- Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau
| | - Wenhua Zheng
- Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau.
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Nian S, Lo ACY, Mi Y, Ren K, Yang D. Neurovascular unit in diabetic retinopathy: pathophysiological roles and potential therapeutical targets. EYE AND VISION 2021; 8:15. [PMID: 33931128 PMCID: PMC8088070 DOI: 10.1186/s40662-021-00239-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR), one of the common complications of diabetes, is the leading cause of visual loss in working-age individuals in many industrialized countries. It has been traditionally regarded as a purely microvascular disease in the retina. However, an increasing number of studies have shown that DR is a complex neurovascular disorder that affects not only vascular structure but also neural tissue of the retina. Deterioration of neural retina could precede microvascular abnormalities in the DR, leading to microvascular changes. Furthermore, disruption of interactions among neurons, vascular cells, glia and local immune cells, which collectively form the neurovascular unit, is considered to be associated with the progression of DR early on in the disease. Therefore, it makes sense to develop new therapeutic strategies to prevent or reverse retinal neurodegeneration, neuroinflammation and impaired cell-cell interactions of the neurovascular unit in early stage DR. Here, we present current perspectives on the pathophysiology of DR as a neurovascular disease, especially at the early stage. Potential novel treatments for preventing or reversing neurovascular injuries in DR are discussed as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen Nian
- Department of Pathology, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China.
| | - Amy C Y Lo
- Department of Ophthalmology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Yajing Mi
- Institute of Basic Medicine Science, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Kai Ren
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Di Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China.
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47
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Wang R, Gao Y, Liu A, Zhai G. A review of nanocarrier-mediated drug delivery systems for posterior segment eye disease: challenges analysis and recent advances. J Drug Target 2021; 29:687-702. [PMID: 33474998 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2021.1878366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Posterior segment eye disease is a leading cause of irreversible vision impairment and blindness. As the unique organ for vision, eyes are protected by various protective barriers. The existence of physiological barriers and elimination mechanisms makes it challenging to treat the posterior segment eye diseases. To achieve efficient drug delivery to the posterior segment of eyes, different drug delivery systems have been proposed. Due to their abilities to enhance ocular tissue permeability, make controlled drug release and target retina, nanocarriers, such as lipid nanoparticles, liposomes and polymeric nanomicelles, have been widely studied for posterior segment drug delivery. However, clinical applications of nanocarrier mediated drug delivery systems as non-invasive ocular drops is still not ready. The delivery of nanocarrier-mediated drug for posterior segment disease still faces the choice of being more effective or more invasive for long-term treatment. Therefore, it is necessary to have a clear understanding of the barriers and the routes of ocular drug delivery while developing the delivery systems. In this review, types of ocular barriers and drug administration routes are categorised in a more intuitive way. Recent advances in nanocarrier mediated drug delivery systems with focus on posterior segment are reviewed with illustrative examples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Anchang Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Guangxi Zhai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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48
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Jiang G, Jia H, Qiu J, Mo Z, Wen Y, Zhang Y, Wen Y, Xie Q, Ban J, Lu Z, Chen Y, Wu H, Ni Q, Chen F, Lu J, Wang Z, Li H, Chen J. PLGA Nanoparticle Platform for Trans-Ocular Barrier to Enhance Drug Delivery: A Comparative Study Based on the Application of Oligosaccharides in the Outer Membrane of Carriers. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:9373-9387. [PMID: 33262593 PMCID: PMC7699454 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s272750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The trans-ocular barrier is a key factor limiting the therapeutic efficacy of triamcinolone acetonide. We developed a poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles (PLGA NPs) surface modified respectively with 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (2-HP-β-CD), chitosan oligosaccharide and trehalose. Determination of the drug/nanoparticles interactions, characterization of the nanoparticles, in vivo ocular compatibility tests, comparisons of their corneal permeability and their pharmacokinetics in aqueous humor were carried out. Methods All PLGA NPs were prepared by the single emulsion and evaporation method and the drug-nanoparticle interaction was studied. The physiochemical features and in vitro corneal permeability of NPs were characterized while the aqueous humor pharmacokinetics was performed to evaluate in vivo corneal permeability of NPs. Ocular compatibility of NPs was investigated through Draize and histopathological test. Results The PLGA NPs with lactide/glycolide ratio of 50:50 and small particle size (molecular weight 10 kDa) achieved optimal drug release and corneal permeability. Surface modification with different oligosaccharides resulted in uniform particle sizes and similar drug-nanoparticle interactions, although 2-HP-β-CD/PLGA NPs showed the highest entrapment efficiency. In vitro evaluation and aqueous humor pharmacokinetics further revealed that 2-HP-β-CD/PLGA NPs had greater trans-ocular permeation and retention compared to chitosan oligosaccharide/PLGA and trehalose/PLGA NPs. No ocular irritation in vivo was detected after applying modified/unmodified PLGA NPs to rabbit's eyes. Conclusion 2-HP-β-CD/PLGA NPs are a promising nanoplatform for localized ocular drug delivery through topical administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Jiang
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Huanhuan Jia
- Key Laboratory of Guangdong Laboratory Animals, Guangdong Laboratory Animals Monitoring Institute, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jindi Qiu
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenjie Mo
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yifeng Wen
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuqin Wen
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingchun Xie
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery Systems, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Engineering Center of Topical Precision Drug Delivery System, Center for Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,R&D Innovation Team for Controlled-Release Microparticle Drug Delivery System, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Junfeng Ban
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery Systems, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Engineering Center of Topical Precision Drug Delivery System, Center for Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,R&D Innovation Team for Controlled-Release Microparticle Drug Delivery System, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhufen Lu
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery Systems, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Engineering Center of Topical Precision Drug Delivery System, Center for Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,R&D Innovation Team for Controlled-Release Microparticle Drug Delivery System, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanzhong Chen
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery Systems, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Engineering Center of Topical Precision Drug Delivery System, Center for Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,R&D Innovation Team for Controlled-Release Microparticle Drug Delivery System, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Wu
- Community Health Service Center of South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingchun Ni
- Guangzhou General Pharmaceutical Research Institute Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Fohua Chen
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiashu Lu
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhijiong Wang
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Haoting Li
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Junming Chen
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
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49
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Seah
- Department of Ophthalmology, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xian Jun Loh
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xinyi Su
- Department of Ophthalmology, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore. .,Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore. .,Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore. .,Singapore Eye Research Institute (SERI), Singapore, Singapore.
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50
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Vieira LC, Moreira CPDS, Castro BFM, Cotta OAL, Silva LM, Fulgêncio GDO, Silva-Cunha A, Fialho SL. Rosmarinic Acid Intravitreal Implants: A New Therapeutic Approach for Ocular Neovascularization. PLANTA MEDICA 2020; 86:1286-1297. [PMID: 32797466 DOI: 10.1055/a-1223-2525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Rosmarinic acid, a plant-derived compound with antiangiogenic activity, can be applied for the treatment of ocular diseases related to neovascularization, such as diabetic retinopathy, macular edema, and age-related macular degeneration. These diseases represent the leading causes of blindness worldwide if they are not properly treated. Intravitreal devices allow for localized drug delivery to the posterior segment, increasing the drug bioavailability and promoting extended release, thus, reducing side effects and enhancing the patient's compliance to the treatment. In this work, rosmarinic acid-loaded poly lactic-co-glycolic acid intraocular implants were developed with a view for the treatment of ocular neovascularization. Physical-chemical, biocompatibility, and safety studies of the implants were carried out in vitro and in vivo as well as an evaluation of the antiangiogenic activity in a chorioallantoic membrane assay. Data obtained showed that rosmarinic acid released from the implants was quantified in the vitreous for 6 weeks, while when it was in the solution formulation, after 24 h, no drug was found in the vitreous. The delivery device did not show any sign of toxicity after clinical evaluation and in electroretinographic findings. Histological analysis showed normal eye tissue. Rosmarinic acid released from implants reduced 30% of new vessel's formation. The intravitreal implant successfully allowed for the prolonged release of rosmarinic acid, was safe to rabbits eyes, and demonstrated activity in vessel reduction, thus demonstrating potential in preventing neovascularization in ophthalmic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Carla Vieira
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Luciana Maria Silva
- Research and Development, Ezequiel Dias Foundation, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Armando Silva-Cunha
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Sílvia L Fialho
- Research and Development, Ezequiel Dias Foundation, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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