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Wang Y, Zuo J, Hao W, Wu L, Liu F, Wang Q, He L, Peng P, Zhou Y, Li M, Yang Q, Wang X, Liu T, Potenza MN. Relationships Between Impulsivity, Methamphetamine use Disorder and Gambling Disorder. J Gambl Stud 2023; 39:1635-1650. [PMID: 36973505 DOI: 10.1007/s10899-023-10201-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Methamphetamine use disorder (MAUD) and gambling disorder (GD) frequently co-occur. Individuals with both conditions are typically more difficult to treat than those with either disorder alone. This study aimed to investigate the co-occurrence and clinical characteristics of people with MAUD and GD. Between March 2018 and August 2020, 350 men with methamphetamine use entering a compulsory drug rehabilitation center in Changsha, Hunan Province received semi-structured interviews. Participants completed the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-11 and provided information on childhood upbringings and drug use characteristics. Independent sample t-tests compared differences between individuals with MAUD and with and without co-occurring GD. Dichotomous logistic regression was used to statistically predict co-occurring GD. The prevalence of GD was 45.1%. Most individuals (39.1% overall) had post-onset methamphetamine use (PoMAU-GD). The number of MAUD symptoms, history of gambling by family members, age of first sexual activity, and non-planning impulsivity statistically predicted PoMAU-GD, jointly explaining 24.0% of the total variance. The regression model fit well (HLχ2 = 5.503, p = 0.70), in which the specificity was 0.80, the sensitivity was 0.64, and the area under the curve was 0.79 (95%CI: 0.75-0.84). This study clarifies the prevalence of and potential risk factors for GD among individuals engaging in compulsory MAUD treatment in China. The high prevalence and associated clinical features of GD in the MAUD group highlight the importance of screening for GD in this population and intervening accordingly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Wang
- School of Physical Education and Health, Hunan University of Technology and Business, Changsha, China
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jinsong Zuo
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- School of Life Science and Chemistry, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou, China
| | - Wei Hao
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lingxiang Wu
- School of Science, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Compulsory detoxification center of Changsha Public Security Bureau, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qianjin Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Li He
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Pu Peng
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yanan Zhou
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Hospital of Hunan Province (The Second People's Hospital of Hunan Province), Changsha, China
| | - Manyun Li
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qian Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Tieqiao Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.
| | - Marc N Potenza
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Connecticut Council on Problem Gambling, Wethersfield, CT, USA.
- Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
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Pagano A, Le T, Fong T, Reid R, Delucchi K, Guydish J. Gambling, tobacco use, and health among individuals in substance use disorder treatment. Am J Addict 2023; 32:563-573. [PMID: 37543853 DOI: 10.1111/ajad.13458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Gambling is highly comorbid with disordered use of tobacco and other drugs, and may increase relapse risk among substance use disorder (SUD) patients. We investigated associations between gambling and tobacco use behaviors among SUD patients to inform clinical care. METHODS Patients (N = 651, 170 female) from 25 residential SUD treatment programs in California completed surveys about tobacco use, health, and gambling. Using multivariate regression, we examined associations between gambling, tobacco use behaviors, and mental and physical health. RESULTS Past-year gamblers were more likely than non-gamblers to be current smokers (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.44, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.03, 2.01). Smokers who gambled had higher mean Heaviness of Smoking Index (HSI) scores (mean difference = +0.32, 95% CI = 0.04, 0.60), and more often reported smokeless tobacco use (AOR = 1.73, 95% CI = 1.16, 2.58), compared to non-gambling smokers. Past-year problem gamblers were more likely than all others (non-gamblers and non-problem gamblers) to be current smokers (AOR = 1.44, 95% CI = 1.08, 1.90) and to report high psychosocial stress (AOR = 1.87, 95% CI = 1.34, 2.61). Smokers with problem gambling also had higher HSI scores (mean difference = +0.54, 95% CI = 0.14, 0.95) compared to smokers without problem gambling. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Gambling and problem gambling were associated with tobacco use and heavier smoking. SUD patients with gambling comorbidity may be heavier smokers and may need concurrent treatment for tobacco use and problem gambling. SCIENTIFIC SIGNIFICANCE This study provides novel data regarding gambling and tobacco use behaviors among SUD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Pagano
- Institute for Health Policy Studies, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Thao Le
- Institute for Health Policy Studies, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Timothy Fong
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Rory Reid
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Kevin Delucchi
- UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Joseph Guydish
- Institute for Health Policy Studies, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
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Brodeur M, Audette-Chapdelaine S, Lavoie N, Devault-Tousignant C, Auger AM, Morvanou A, Légaré AA, Monson E, Jutras-Aswad D, Hudon C. A call for qualitative and mixed-methods research on gambling and cannabis. Addict Behav Rep 2023; 17:100494. [PMID: 37206979 PMCID: PMC10189349 DOI: 10.1016/j.abrep.2023.100494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Gambling disorder and cannabis use disorder are both considered major public health issues. Despite the well-documented frequency of substance use disorders among people with gambling disorder, little is known about the experiences of those who both engage with gambling and cannabis. A scoping review was undertaken to investigate studies focusing on the experiences of people who gamble and use cannabis. Unexpectedly, no qualitative or mixed-methods studies that included an in-depth qualitative component to study the lived experiences of this population were found. This absence highlights the critical need to diversify research methods and fill the gap in knowledge of the lived experiences of people who both gamble and consume cannabis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magaly Brodeur
- Corresponding author at: Université de Sherbrooke, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé Département de médecine de famille et de médecine d’urgence 3001, 12e Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, Québec J1H 5N4, Canada.
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Gooding NB, Williams JN, Williams RJ. The Differences Between Gamblers and Substance Users Who Seek Treatment. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ADDICTION 2023. [DOI: 10.1097/cxa.0000000000000171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
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Kapoor V, Tomar V, Bakhshi P, Shukla M, Kumar V. Perception, Attitude and Support of Society Towards Drug Abuse: Do Gender, Age and Education Matter? JOURNAL OF HEALTH MANAGEMENT 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/09720634211011566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This article highlights the support, attitude and perception of the general public towards drug abuse so that appropriate policies can be framed for the prevention of drug abuse among youth. The study aims to understand the relationship among variables influencing behaviour change with respect to drug abuse. Questionnaire from 1,159 respondents was administered comprising of 39 items exploring Perception, Attitude, Support pertaining to illicit drugs. Positive or negative attitude towards drug abuse is evolved out of the perception of problems associated with drug abuse and the support provided to dissuade drug-abusing behaviour, and relationship among these variables was tested using SEM-Path analysis. The perception of problems related to drug addiction significantly influences the attitude towards drug addiction. The perceived nature of the support structure augments the influence further (partial mediation). The augmenting effect of the support structure can be seen among gender, age and education. Moderator effects of age, gender and education were studied by estimating multi-group path coefficients. This article is useful to local government as they may take some of the findings of this article for framing policy related to educating youth related to drugs, creating a campaign regarding the harm of drug abuse and involving those volunteers in drug assistance programmes that are more supportive of drug addicts. This article is helpful for society to make them understand that their positive attitude and support towards drug abuse will give a second chance to drug addicts to leave drugs and live a normal life again.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varun Kapoor
- Rustamji Armed Police Training College (RAPTC), Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Vikrant Tomar
- Ultimate Management Solutions (UMS), Ujjain, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Priti Bakhshi
- Jaipuria Institute of Management Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Manisha Shukla
- Jaipuria Institute of Management Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Jaipuria Institute of Management Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
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Munguía L, Jiménez-Murcia S, Granero R, Baenas I, Agüera Z, Sánchez I, Codina E, del Pino-Gutiérrez A, Testa G, Treasure J, Fernández-Aranda F. Emotional regulation in eating disorders and gambling disorder: A transdiagnostic approach. J Behav Addict 2021; 10:508-523. [PMID: 33784249 PMCID: PMC8997225 DOI: 10.1556/2006.2021.00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Difficulties in Emotion Regulation (ER) are related to the etiology and maintenance of several psychological disorders, including Eating Disorders (ED) and Gambling Disorder (GD). This study explored the existence of latent empirical groups between both disorders, based on ER difficulties and considering a set of indicators of personality traits, the severity of the disorder, and psychopathological distress. METHODS The sample included 1,288 female and male participants, diagnosed with ED (n = 906) and GD (n = 382). Two-step clustering was used for the empirical classification, while analysis of variance and chi-square tests were used for the comparison between the latent groups. RESULTS Three empirical groups were identified, from the most disturbed ER profile (Subgroup 1) to the most functional (Subgroup 3). The ER state showed a linear relationship with the severity of each disorder and the psychopathological state. Different personality traits were found to be related to the level of emotion dysregulation. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION In this study, three distinct empirical groups based on ER were identified across ED and GD, suggesting that ER is a transdiagnostic construct. These findings may lead to the development of common treatment strategies and more tailored approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucero Munguía
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, 08907Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, 08907Barcelona, Spain
| | - Susana Jiménez-Murcia
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, 08907Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, 08907Barcelona, Spain
- Ciber Physiopathology, Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 08907Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roser Granero
- Ciber Physiopathology, Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 08907Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Psychobiology and Methodology of Health Sciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isabel Baenas
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, 08907Barcelona, Spain
- Ciber Physiopathology, Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 08907Barcelona, Spain
| | - Zaida Agüera
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, 08907Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, 08907Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Public Health, Mental Health and Maternal-Child Nursing, School of Nursing, University of Barcelona, 08907Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isabel Sánchez
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, 08907Barcelona, Spain
- Ciber Physiopathology, Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 08907Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ester Codina
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, 08907Barcelona, Spain
| | - Amparo del Pino-Gutiérrez
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, 08907Barcelona, Spain
- Ciber Physiopathology, Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 08907Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Public Health, Mental Health and Maternal-Child Nursing, School of Nursing, University of Barcelona, 08907Barcelona, Spain
| | - Giulia Testa
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, 08907Barcelona, Spain
- Ciber Physiopathology, Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 08907Barcelona, Spain
| | - Janet Treasure
- Section of Eating Disorders, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Fernando Fernández-Aranda
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, 08907Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, 08907Barcelona, Spain
- Ciber Physiopathology, Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 08907Barcelona, Spain
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Mena-Moreno T, Fernández-Aranda F, Granero R, Munguía L, Steward T, López-González H, del Pino-Gutiérrez A, Lozano-Madrid M, Gómez-Peña M, Moragas L, Giroux I, Grall-Bronnec M, Sauvaget A, Mora-Maltas B, Valenciano-Mendoza E, Menchón JM, Jiménez-Murcia S. A Serious Game to Improve Emotion Regulation in Treatment-Seeking Individuals With Gambling Disorder: A Usability Study. Front Psychol 2021; 12:621953. [PMID: 33746839 PMCID: PMC7970032 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.621953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Serious games have shown positive results in increasing motivation, adherence to treatment and strengthening the therapeutic alliance in multiple psychiatric disorders. In particular, patients with impulse control disorders and other disorders in which the patient suffers from inhibitory control deficits (e.g., behavioral addictions) have been shown to benefit from serious games. Aim: The aim of this study was to describe the characteristics and to evaluate the usability of a new serious videogame, e-Estesia. This serious videogame was designed to improve emotion regulation in patients with gambling disorder (GD). Preliminary results from a pilot sample are also reported. Method: A pilot sample of 26 patients undergoing treatment for GD was recruited (ranging from 22 to 74 years, mean = 41.2 and SD = 12.9; 80.8% men). Participants used e-Estesia on a tablet, which was connected to a thoracic band that sent heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) data to the videogame platform in order to provide biofeedback. The System Usability Scale was completed by patients to determine the usability of e-Estesia. Results and Discussion: e-Estesia performed comparatively well for all the explored groups (i.e., sex, age, and online vs. offline gambling: mean usability score = 83.8, SD = 13.1). Around 84.6% of the patients endorsed that it was easy to use. Female patients with GD presented higher HRV during the use of the serious videogame compared to men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Mena-Moreno
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
- Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Fernández-Aranda
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
- Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roser Granero
- Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychobiology and Methodology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lucero Munguía
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Trevor Steward
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Hibai López-González
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Amparo del Pino-Gutiérrez
- Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Public Health, Mental Health and Perinatal Nursing, School of Nursing, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Lozano-Madrid
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
- Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mónica Gómez-Peña
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Moragas
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isabelle Giroux
- Centre d’Excellence pour la Prévention et le Traitement du Jeu, Faculté de Sciences Sociales, Université Laval, Pavillon Félix-Antoine-Savard, Quebec, QC, Canada
| | | | - Anne Sauvaget
- CHU Nantes, Movement ‐ Interactions ‐ Performance, MIP, University of Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Bernat Mora-Maltas
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eduardo Valenciano-Mendoza
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
- Ciber Salut Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - José M. Menchón
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Ciber Salut Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Susana Jiménez-Murcia
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
- Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Pitt H, Thomas SL, Watson J, Shuttleworth R, Murfitt K, Balandin S. Weighing up the risks and benefits of community gambling venues as recreational spaces for people with lifelong disability. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:916. [PMID: 32532245 PMCID: PMC7291689 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-08654-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Community gambling venues (pubs and clubs) are commonly associated with leisure and recreational options in Australian communities. While these venues offer a range of activities and facilities, including social opportunities, sporting facilities, live entertainment, they also contain gambling products that are known to cause significant harm to individuals, their families and communities. Although researchers have explored how adults and children engage with these venues, there is limited understanding about the potential risks and benefits of these venues for people with lifelong disability. METHODS Semi structured interviews were conducted with nineteen people aged 20-70 years with lifelong disability (includes in this context intellectual disability, autism spectrum disorder, ADHD, and learning disability), predominately intellectual disability. The interviews occurred in a large Australian city and explored interviewees' experiences and attitudes towards pubs and clubs. Using a range of visual prompts (if needed), participants were asked to describe their engagement in different activities offered within the venue. Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed, with a thematic analysis used to identify themes across the group. RESULTS Most participants attended venues with family, friends, and supporters, with a few attending on their own. Participants described socialising in the venue, going for reduced price meals, and attended for a range of activities including recreational activities, live entertainment and sport. Some participants also valued being a member of venues, and the interactions with staff members. While participants were cautious about the consumption of alcohol, most had gambled, particularly on electronic gambling machines (EGMs, pokies, or slots). Some participants stated that they had experienced problems with gambling. CONCLUSIONS While many people with lifelong disability have positive experiences in pubs and clubs, some are vulnerable to the harms associated with risky products such as gambling within the venue. While it is important to acknowledge the positives associated with recreational facilities and encourage engagement in leisure activities for people with lifelong disability, further consideration is needed to ensure people are informed and protected from the harms associated with gambling and other products that are provided within these spaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Pitt
- Institute for Health Transformation, School of Health and Social Development, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Samantha L. Thomas
- Institute for Health Transformation, School of Health and Social Development, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
- Department of Anthropology, Goldsmiths, University of London, London, UK
| | - Joanne Watson
- Institute for Health Transformation, School of Health and Social Development, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Russell Shuttleworth
- Institute for Health Transformation, School of Health and Social Development, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Kevin Murfitt
- Institute for Health Transformation, School of Health and Social Development, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Susan Balandin
- Institute for Health Transformation, School of Health and Social Development, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
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Butler N, Quigg Z, Bates R, Sayle M, Ewart H. Gambling with Your Health: Associations Between Gambling Problem Severity and Health Risk Behaviours, Health and Wellbeing. J Gambl Stud 2019; 36:527-538. [PMID: 31705379 PMCID: PMC7214382 DOI: 10.1007/s10899-019-09902-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The current study examined the association between gambling problem severity and health risk behaviours, health and wellbeing. A cross-sectional survey (including representative population and supplementary convenience samples) was conducted with 2303 adult residents of a British Island. Gambling problem severity was assessed using the Problem Gambling Severity Index. The EQ-5D-5L, WEMWBS and AUDIT-C were used to measure general health, mental wellbeing and alcohol use, respectively. Other measures included diet, physical exercise and tobacco use. Differences between gambling severity levels for each measure were analysed using logistic regression adjusting for age, sex and income. Compared to non-problem gamblers, moderate/high severity gamblers had higher odds of a poor diet, low physical exercise and poor general health. Tobacco use was associated with both low and moderate/high severity gambling. Low severity, but not moderate/high severity gambling, was significantly associated with binge and higher risk drinking behaviours. Health risk behaviours tended to cluster, with a graded relationship between gambling problem severity and odds of reporting at least two health risk behaviours. Compared to non-problem gamblers, low severity gamblers were approximately twice as likely and moderate/high severity gamblers were three times as likely, to have low mental wellbeing. Findings suggest associations between gambling problems and a range of health risk behaviours and health issues, and crucially that such issues are not limited to gamblers with the highest severity of problems. Addressing gambling across the whole continuum of risk should be a key public health priority.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Butler
- Public Health Institute, Liverpool John Moores University, 3rd Floor Exchange Station, Tithebarn Street, Liverpool, L2 2QP, UK.
| | - Zara Quigg
- Public Health Institute, Liverpool John Moores University, 3rd Floor Exchange Station, Tithebarn Street, Liverpool, L2 2QP, UK
| | - Rebecca Bates
- Public Health Institute, Liverpool John Moores University, 3rd Floor Exchange Station, Tithebarn Street, Liverpool, L2 2QP, UK
| | - Madeleine Sayle
- Department of Health and Social Care, Public Health Directorate, Douglas, Isle of Man
| | - Henrietta Ewart
- Department of Health and Social Care, Public Health Directorate, Douglas, Isle of Man
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The Associations Between Maladaptive Personality Traits, Craving, Alcohol Use, and Adolescent Problem Gambling: An Italian Survey Study. J Gambl Stud 2019; 36:243-258. [DOI: 10.1007/s10899-019-09872-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Hammond CJ, Shirk SD, Foster DW, Potenza NB, Kraus SW, Mayes LC, Hoff RA, Potenza MN. Cannabis use, problem-gambling severity, and psychiatric disorders: Data from the National Epidemiological Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. PSYCHOLOGY OF ADDICTIVE BEHAVIORS 2019; 34:230-241. [PMID: 31246071 DOI: 10.1037/adb0000472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Cannabis use and related disorders are common in adults and frequently co-occur with subsyndromal and pathological gambling. However, understanding how cannabis use may moderate relationships between problem-gambling severity and psychiatric disorders remains poorly understood. Data from the National Epidemiological Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (N = 43,093 adults) were examined to investigate how cannabis use moderated associations between problem-gambling severity (with gambling groups based on the 10 Diagnostic and Statistical Manual [DSM-IV] inclusionary criteria for pathological gambling) and Axis I and Axis II psychiatric disorders. Problem-gambling severity groups included low frequency/nongambling, low-risk gambling, at-risk gambling, and problem/pathological gambling (PPG). Among both the group with lifetime cannabis use and that which never used cannabis, greater problem-gambling severity was associated with more psychopathology across mood, anxiety, substance-use and Axis II disorders. Significant Cannabis Use × Problem-Gambling Severity Group interactions were observed between PPG and major depression (OR = 0.35, 95% CI = [0.14-0.85]), cluster A personality disorders (OR = 0.37, 95% CI = [0.16-0.86])-especially paranoid personality disorder (OR = 0.34, 95% CI = [0.14-0.81])-and cluster B personality disorders (OR = 0.36, 95% CI = [0.18-0.75])-especially antisocial personality disorder (OR = 0.25, 95% CI = [0.11-0.60]). In all cases, associations between problem-gambling severity and psychopathologies were weaker among the lifetime-cannabis-using group as compared to the never-using group. Cannabis use moderates the relationships between problem-gambling severity and psychiatric disorders, with cannabis use appearing to account for some of the variance in the associations between greater problem-gambling severity and specific forms of psychopathology. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
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13
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Facilitated attention for gambling cues in adolescent problem gamblers: An experimental study. J Affect Disord 2019; 252:39-46. [PMID: 30978623 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies investigating attentional biases in gambling have observed that problem gamblers' attention is biased toward gambling cues. Despite the increase of gambling among adolescents, to date, no study has ever examined the role of attentional bias in adolescent gambling, as well as the relationships between adolescent gambling severity, craving, and alcohol use. METHODS The present study comprised 87 adolescent participants. Based on South Oaks Gambling Screen Revised for Adolescents (SOGS-RA) scores, participants were assigned to non-problem or problem gamblers groups. Participants performed a modified Posner Task (with cue presentation times at 100 and 500 ms) to assess attentional biases. Following the experiment, participants completed the Gambling Craving Scale (GACS) and the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT). RESULTS Compared to non-problem gamblers, problem gamblers displayed facilitation bias for gambling cues at 500 ms and reported higher levels of craving and alcohol consumption. Results also indicated that alcohol use correlated with facilitation bias. LIMITATIONS The recruitment of a predominantly male sample and the use of an indirect measure of attentional bias may have affected the findings concerning attentional processes. CONCLUSIONS The present study provides the first empirical evidence of attentional processes in adolescent gambling, and confirms the role of attentional biases, craving, and alcohol use being associated factors in adolescent problem gambling. The results of the present study stress the importance of attentional biases in the initial stages of problem gambling and suggest the need for clinical interventions aimed at reducing attentional bias before they became automatic. Overall, the present study stressed the role of attentional bias as both facilitator and a consequence of gambling involvement.
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14
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Ciccarelli M, Cosenza M, Griffiths MD, D’Olimpio F, Nigro G. The interplay between chasing behavior, time perspective, and gambling severity: An experimental study. J Behav Addict 2019; 8:259-267. [PMID: 31172815 PMCID: PMC7044547 DOI: 10.1556/2006.8.2019.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Chasing refers to continued gambling in an attempt to recoup previous losses and is one of the diagnostic criteria for gambling disorder. However, research on the topic is still in its infancy. This study investigated whether chasing behavior mediates the relationship between time perspective and gambling severity. METHODS Non-problem gamblers (N = 26) and problem gamblers (N = 66) with the same demographic features (age and gender) were compared on the Consideration of Future Consequences and a computerized task assessing chasing. The Italian South Oaks Gambling Screen was used to discriminate participants in terms of gambling severity. RESULTS Significant correlations were found relating to gambling severity, chasing, and time perspective. More specifically, the results showed that problem gamblers reported more chasing and a foreshortened time horizon. Chasers, compared to non-chasers, were found to be more oriented to the present. Regression analysis showed that male gender, present-oriented time perspective, and chasing were good predictors of gambling severity. Finally, to clarify if present orientation was on the path from chasing to gambling severity or if chasing was the mediator of the impact of present orientation on gambling severity, a path analysis was performed. The results indicated that present orientation had a direct effect on gambling severity and mediated the relationship between chasing and gambling involvement. CONCLUSION The findings support the exacerbating role of chasing in gambling disorder and for the first time show the relationship of time perspective, chasing, and gambling severity among adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Ciccarelli
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Caserta, Italy,Corresponding author: Maria Ciccarelli; Department of Psychology, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Viale Ellittico, 31, Caserta 81100, Italy; Phone: +39 333 157 1608; Fax: +39 082 327 4759; E-mail:
| | - Marina Cosenza
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Caserta, Italy
| | | | - Francesca D’Olimpio
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Caserta, Italy
| | - Giovanna Nigro
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Caserta, Italy
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15
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Molinaro S, Benedetti E, Scalese M, Bastiani L, Fortunato L, Cerrai S, Canale N, Chomynova P, Elekes Z, Feijão F, Fotiou A, Kokkevi A, Kraus L, Rupšienė L, Monshouwer K, Nociar A, Strizek J, Urdih Lazar T. Prevalence of youth gambling and potential influence of substance use and other risk factors throughout 33 European countries: first results from the 2015 ESPAD study. Addiction 2018; 113:1862-1873. [PMID: 29806197 DOI: 10.1111/add.14275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Although generally prohibited by national regulations, underage gambling has become popular in Europe, with relevant cross-country prevalence variability. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of underage gambling in Europe stratified by type of game and on-/off-line mode and to examine the association with individual and family characteristics and substance use. DESIGN Our study used data from the 2015 European School Survey Project on Alcohol and Other Drugs (ESPAD) cross-sectional study, a survey using self-administered anonymous questionnaires. SETTING Thirty-three European countries. PARTICIPANTS Sixteen-year-old-year-old students (n = 93 875; F = 50.8%). MEASUREMENTS The primary outcome measure was prevalence of past-year gambling activity. Key predictors comprised individual behaviours, substance use and parenting (regulation, monitoring and caring). FINDINGS A total of 22.6% of 16-year-old students in Europe gambled in the past year: 16.2% on-line, 18.5% off-line. High prevalence variability was observed throughout countries both for mode and types of game. With the exception of cannabis, substance use shows a higher association with gambling, particularly binge drinking [odds ratio (OR) = 1.46, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.39-1.53), life-time use of inhalants (OR = 1.57, 95% CI = 1.47-1.68) and other substances (OR = 1.78, 95% CI = 1.65-1.92)]. Among life habits, the following showed a positive association: truancy at school (OR = 1.26, 95% CI = 1.18-1.35), going out at night (OR = 1.32, 95% CI = 1.26-1.38), participating in sports (OR = 1.30, 95% CI = 1.24-1.37). A negative association was found with reading books for leisure (OR = 0.82%, 95% CI = 0.79-0.86), parents' monitoring of Saturday night activities (OR = 0.81, 95% CI = 0.77-0.86) and restrictions on money provided by parents as a gift (OR = 0.89, 95% CI = 0.84-0.94). CONCLUSIONS Underage gambling in Europe appears to be associated positively with alcohol, tobacco and other substance use (but not cannabis), as well as with other individual behaviours such as truancy, going out at night and active participation in sports, and is associated negatively with reading for pleasure, parental monitoring of evening activities and parental restriction of money.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Molinaro
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy
| | - Elisa Benedetti
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy
| | - Marco Scalese
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy
| | - Luca Bastiani
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy
| | - Loredana Fortunato
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy
| | - Sonia Cerrai
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy
| | - Natale Canale
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Pavla Chomynova
- Czech National Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Addiction, Prague, Czech Republic.,National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic.,Department of Addictology, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Fernanda Feijão
- General-Directorate for Intervention on Addictive Behaviours and Dependencies (SICAD), Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - Anna Kokkevi
- University Mental Health Research Institute, Athens, Greece
| | - Ludwig Kraus
- IFT Institut für Therapieforschung, Munich, Germany.,Department of Public Health Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.,Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | | | - Alojz Nociar
- St Elisabeth University of Health and Social Work, Bratislava, Slovak Republic.,Research Institute for Child Psychology and Pathopsychology, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | | | - Tanja Urdih Lazar
- Clinical Institute of Occupational, Traffic and Sports Medicine, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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16
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Dufour M, Nguyen N, Bertrand K, Perreault M, Jutras-Aswad D, Morvannou A, Bruneau J, Berbiche D, Roy É. Gambling Problems Among Community Cocaine Users. J Gambl Stud 2017; 32:1039-53. [PMID: 26983825 DOI: 10.1007/s10899-016-9594-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Cocaine use is highly prevalent and a major public health problem. While some studies have reported frequent comorbidity problems among cocaine users, few studies have included evaluation of gambling problems. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of gambling problems and compare those who were at-risk gamblers with non-problem gamblers in terms of mental health problems, substance use problems, and some risk factors (i.e. family antecedents, erroneous perceptions and coping strategies) among individuals who smoke or inject cocaine. A total of 424 smoked or injected cocaine users recruited through community-based programs in Montreal (Quebec) completed the questionnaire, including the Canadian Pathological Gambling Index, the Composite International Diagnostic Interview, the CAGE, and the Severity Dependence Scale. Of the sample, 18.4 % were considered at-risk gamblers, of whom 7.8 % had problems gambling and 10.6 % were moderate-risk gamblers. The at-risk group was more likely to have experienced a recent phobic disorder and alcohol problems than the non-problem group. A multivariate analysis showed that, compared to those who were non-problem gamblers, the at-risk ones were more likely to have lost a large sum of money when they first started gambling, believed that their luck would turn, and gambled in reaction to painful life events. These results indicate the need to include routines for screening to identify gambling problem among cocaine users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magali Dufour
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Campus de Longueuil 150 Place Charles-Le Moyne, Room 200, Longueuil, QC, J4K 0A8, Canada.
| | - Noël Nguyen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Campus de Longueuil 150 Place Charles-Le Moyne, Room 200, Longueuil, QC, J4K 0A8, Canada
| | - Karine Bertrand
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Campus de Longueuil 150 Place Charles-Le Moyne, Room 200, Longueuil, QC, J4K 0A8, Canada
| | - Michel Perreault
- Douglas Mental Health Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Didier Jutras-Aswad
- Research Center, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Adèle Morvannou
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Campus de Longueuil 150 Place Charles-Le Moyne, Room 200, Longueuil, QC, J4K 0A8, Canada
| | - Julie Bruneau
- Research Center, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Family Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Djamal Berbiche
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Campus de Longueuil 150 Place Charles-Le Moyne, Room 200, Longueuil, QC, J4K 0A8, Canada
| | - Élise Roy
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Campus de Longueuil 150 Place Charles-Le Moyne, Room 200, Longueuil, QC, J4K 0A8, Canada.,Institut national de santé publique du Québec, Montreal, QC, Canada
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17
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Deans EG, Thomas SL, Daube M, Derevensky J. "I can sit on the beach and punt through my mobile phone": The influence of physical and online environments on the gambling risk behaviours of young men. Soc Sci Med 2016; 166:110-119. [PMID: 27551825 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2016.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Revised: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Gambling is rapidly emerging as an important public health issue, with gambling products causing considerable health and social harms to individuals, families and communities. Whilst researchers have raised concerns about online wagering environments, few studies have sought to explore how factors within different gambling environments (both online and land-based) may be influencing the wagering, and more broadly the gambling risk behaviours of young men. Using semi-structured interviews with 50 Australian men (20-37 years) who gambled on sport, we explored the ways in which online and land-based environments may be risk-promoting settings for gambling. This included the appeal factors associated with gambling in these environments, factors that encouraged individuals to gamble, and factors that encouraged individuals to engage in different, and more harmful types of gambling. Interviews were conducted over the course of a year (April 2015 - April 2016). We identified a number of situational and structural factors that promoted risky gambling environments for young men. In the online environment, gambling products had become exceedingly easy to access through mobile technologies, with young men subscribing to multiple accounts to access industry promotions. The intangibility of money within online environments impacted upon risk perceptions. In land-based environments, the social rituals associated with peer group behaviour and sport influenced risky patterns of gambling. The presence of both gambling and alcohol in pub environments led individuals to gamble more than they normally would, and on products that they would not normally gamble on. Land-based venues also facilitated access to multiple forms of gambling under the one roof. We identified a number of factors in both land and online environments that when combined, created risk-promoting settings for gambling among young men. By exploring these contextual conditions that give rise to gambling harm, we are better able to advocate for effective public health responses in creating environments that prevent harmful gambling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily G Deans
- Centre for Population Health Research, School of Health and Social Development, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Samantha L Thomas
- Centre for Population Health Research, School of Health and Social Development, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Mike Daube
- Public Health Advocacy Institute of Western Australia, Curtin University, Perth, Australia.
| | - Jeffrey Derevensky
- International Centre for Youth Gambling Problems and High Risk Behaviours, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
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18
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Ciccarelli M, Griffiths MD, Nigro G, Cosenza M. Decision-Making, Cognitive Distortions and Alcohol Use in Adolescent Problem and Non-problem Gamblers: An Experimental Study. J Gambl Stud 2016; 32:1203-1213. [PMID: 26894884 DOI: 10.1007/s10899-016-9597-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Ciccarelli
- Department of Psychology, Second University of Naples, Viale Ellittico, 31, 81100, Caserta, Italy.
| | - Mark D Griffiths
- Department of Psychology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - Giovanna Nigro
- Department of Psychology, Second University of Naples, Viale Ellittico, 31, 81100, Caserta, Italy
| | - Marina Cosenza
- Department of Psychology, Second University of Naples, Viale Ellittico, 31, 81100, Caserta, Italy
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19
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Okunna NC, Rodriguez-Monguio R, Smelson DA, Poudel KC, Volberg R. Gambling involvement indicative of underlying behavioral and mental health disorders. Am J Addict 2016; 25:160-72. [PMID: 26871884 DOI: 10.1111/ajad.12345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Revised: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES In spite of increased gambling opportunities, risk factors associated with recreational gambling remain poorly understood. This study assessed behavioral risk factors associated with frequency of recreational gambling. METHODS Data were derived from the 2013 Massachusetts Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Gambling frequency was divided into two or more times per week, 1-4 times a month, less than 10 times in total, and not at all. Health risk behaviors included smoking, drinking, obesity, seat belt use, and sleep patterns. Multivariate logistic regression was used to assess relationships between overall gambling participation and gambling frequency and behavioral risk behaviors. Final analytical sample included 3,988 survey respondents. Statistical analyses were performed using STATA. RESULTS Significant differences exist in the socio-demographic characteristics of recreational gamblers. Highest gambling frequency is associated with increased odds of alcohol consumption (ie, having at least one alcohol drink during the past 30 days) (OR 1.9; p < .05), binge drinking (ie, having five or more alcohol drinks at least once during the past 30 days) (OR 3.7; p < .001), and tobacco use (ie, having smoked at least 100 cigarettes in a lifetime) (OR 3.4; p < .001). The odds of having fourteen days of poor mental health are twofold for recreational gamblers who gamble two or more times per week (OR 2.2; p < .05). CONCLUSION AND SCIENTIFIC SIGNIFICANCE Differing behavioral and mental health risk factors emerge among recreational gamblers by gambling frequency. Gambling frequency may be a better proxy for assessing the risk of developing gambling related behavioral disorders than overall endorsement of gambling participation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nene C Okunna
- School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts
| | - Rosa Rodriguez-Monguio
- School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts.,The Institute for Global Health, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts
| | - David A Smelson
- Edith Nourse Rogers Memorial Veterans Hospital, Bedford, Massachusetts.,University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Krishna C Poudel
- School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts
| | - Rachel Volberg
- School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts
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20
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An Evaluation of Substance Abuse, Mental Health Disorders, and Gambling Correlations: an Opportunity for Early Public Health Interventions. Int J Ment Health Addict 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11469-015-9589-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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21
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Bussu A, Detotto C. The bidirectional relationship between gambling and addictive substances. INTERNATIONAL GAMBLING STUDIES 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2015.1042493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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22
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Venuleo C, Salvatore S, Mossi P. The Role of Cultural Factors in Differentiating Pathological Gamblers. J Gambl Stud 2014; 31:1353-76. [PMID: 24970696 DOI: 10.1007/s10899-014-9476-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
It is recognised that cultural factors play a role in the onset and continuation of several mental health problems. However, there is a significant lack of empirical studies investigating the relationships between cultural factors and gambling behavior. This study assessed whether the subjective cultures through which subjects interpret and enact their experience of the social environment play a major role in increasing (or decreasing) the probability of pathological gambling. Participants, recruited in three different contexts (public health services for the treatment of addiction, casino, undergraduate course) were subjected to the South Oaks Gambling Screen (SOGS) (Lesieur and Blume in Am J Psychiatry 144(9):1184-1188, 1987), in order to identify a group of pathological gamblers-and with the Questionnaire on the Interpretation of the Social Environment (QUISE) (Mossi and Salvatore in Eur J Educ Psychol 4(2):153-169, 2011)-in order to detect their subjective cultures. The study compares pathological group (scoring >5 on SOGS, n = 34) and a healthy control group (scoring <1 on SOGS, n = 35). One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare groups on QUISE scores of subjective culture. Moreover, a logistic regression was applied in order to esteem the capability of the QUISE scores to differentiate between pathological gamblers and control. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that pathological group expresses different subjective cultures compared with no gambler subjects. The theoretical and clinical implications of the results are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Venuleo
- Department of History, Society and Human Studies, University of Salento, Via Stampacchia, 45, 73100, Lecce, Italy.
| | - Sergio Salvatore
- Department of History, Society and Human Studies, University of Salento, Via Stampacchia, 45, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Piergiorgio Mossi
- Department of History, Society and Human Studies, University of Salento, Via Stampacchia, 45, 73100, Lecce, Italy
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Abstract
Preclinical and clinical research implicate several neurotransmitter systems in the pathophysiology of gambling disorder (GD). In particular, neurobiological research suggests alterations in serotonergic, dopaminergic, glutamatergic and opioidergic functioning. The relative efficacy of medications targeting these systems remains a topic of ongoing research, and there is currently no Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved medication with an indication for GD. Considering co-occurring disorders may be particularly important when devising a treatment plan for GD: extant data suggest that the opioid antagonist naltrexone may by the most effective form of current pharmacotherapy for GD, particularly for individuals with a co-occurring substance-use disorder (SUD) or with a family history of alcoholism. In contrast, lithium or other mood stabilizers may be most effective for GD for patients presenting with a co-occurring bipolar-spectrum disorder (BSD). Further, serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SRIs) may be efficacious in reducing GD symptoms for individuals also presenting with a (non-BSD) mood or anxiety disorder. Finally, elevated rates of GD (and other Impulse Control Disorders; ICDs) have been noted among individuals with Parkinson's Disease (PD), and clinicians should assess for vulnerability to GD when considering treatment options for PD. Reducing levodopa or dopamine agonist (DA) dosages may partially reduce GD symptoms among patients with co-occurring PD. For GD patients not willing to consider drug treatment, n-acetyl cysteine or behavioral therapies may be effective. Ongoing research into the effectiveness of combined behavioral and pharmacotherapies is being conducted; thus combined treatments should also be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah W. Yip
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Marc N. Potenza
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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24
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Lee GP, Ghandour LA, Takache AH, Martins SS. Investigating the association between strategic and pathological gambling behaviors and substance use in youth: could religious faith play a differential role? Am J Addict 2014; 23:280-7. [PMID: 24724886 DOI: 10.1111/j.1521-0391.2014.12101.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2012] [Revised: 03/11/2013] [Accepted: 06/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study investigated the link between gambling behaviors and the use of alcohol, drugs, and nonprescribed prescription medications, while exploring the moderating role of distinct religious faiths. METHODS In 2010, 570 students from the American University of Beirut completed a self-reported, anonymous English questionnaire, which included lifetime gambling and past-year substance use measures. RESULTS Half (55%) were lifetime gamblers, of whom, 12% were probable pathological gamblers. About 60% were strategic gamblers. Lifetime gamblers were more than twice as likely as nongamblers to report past-year illegal drug use and alcohol abuse. Probable pathological gamblers were also more than four times as likely as nongamblers to report nonmedical prescription drug use, illegal drug use, and alcohol abuse. Compared to nonstrategic gamblers, strategic gamblers had more than three times the odds of illegal drug and cigarette use. The link between alcohol abuse and gambling was stronger among Christians than Muslims. Conversely, Muslims were more likely to report the co-occurrence of various gambling behaviors (lifetime, probable pathological, and strategic gambling) with both illegal drug use and cigarette use. CONCLUSIONS Gambling and substance use behaviors were strongly linked in this sample of youth from Lebanon, corroborating the evidence from North America. Particularly novel are the co-occurrence of pathological gambling and nonmedical prescription drug use and the potential differential role of religion. (Am J Addict 2014;23:280-287).
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace P Lee
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
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25
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Illicit drug use and problem gambling. ISRN ADDICTION 2013; 2013:342392. [PMID: 25938114 PMCID: PMC4392972 DOI: 10.1155/2013/342392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2013] [Accepted: 07/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Problem gambling, substance use disorders, and their cooccurrence are serious public health concerns. We conducted a comprehensive review of the literature to understand the present state of the evidence on these coaddictions. Our main focus was illicit drug use rather than misuse of legal substances. The review covers issues related to gambling as a hidden problem in the illicit drug use community; prevalence, problem gambling, and substance use disorders as kindred afflictions; problem gambling as an addiction similar to illicit drug use; risk factors and problems associated with comorbidity, and gender issues. We end with some suggestions for future research.
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Giddens JL, Stefanovics E, Pilver CE, Desai R, Potenza MN. Pathological gambling severity and co-occurring psychiatric disorders in individuals with and without anxiety disorders in a nationally representative sample. Psychiatry Res 2012; 199:58-64. [PMID: 22534498 PMCID: PMC3572829 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2012.03.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2011] [Revised: 01/17/2012] [Accepted: 03/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
While anxiety disorders (ADs) and pathological gambling (PG) frequently co-occur with each other and other Axis I and Axis II disorders, previous studies have not examined the relative influence of ADs on the co-occurrences between PG severity and non-anxiety psychopathologies. The current study used data from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (N=43,093) to examine the influence of past-year ADs on the associations between past-year PG severity measures based on DSM-IV criteria for PG and non-anxiety psychiatric disorders. The findings revealed that increased PG severity was associated with Axes I and II psychopathology in both the groups with and without ADs. Significant anxiety-by-gambling-group interactions were also observed, particularly with respect to mood and personality disorders. The interactions indicate a stronger relationship between PG severity and psychopathology in participants without ADs than in those with ADs. Future research should investigate specific factors contributing to the co-occurrence of anxiety, gambling, and other psychiatric disorders and how the co-occurrences might influence clinically relevant phenomena such as treatment selection or course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine Lauren Giddens
- Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, 230 South Frontage Road, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Elina Stefanovics
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 George Street, Suite 901, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Corey Elizabeth Pilver
- VA Connecticut Healthcare System NEPEC/182, 950 Campbell Avenue, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
| | - Rani Desai
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 George Street, Suite 901, New Haven, CT 06511, USA,VA Connecticut Healthcare System NEPEC/182, 950 Campbell Avenue, West Haven, CT 06516, USA,Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Yale University School of Medicine, 950 Campbell Avenue, West Haven, CT 06546, USA
| | - Marc Nicholas Potenza
- Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, 230 South Frontage Road, New Haven, CT 06520, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 George Street, Suite 901, New Haven, CT 06511, USA,Department of Neurobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, P.O. Box 208001, New Haven, CT 06520-8001, USA,Corrresponding author at: Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, 230 South Frontage Road, New Haven, CT 06520, USA. Tel.: +1 203 737 3553; fax: +1 203 974 7366. (M.N. Potenza)
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Franco CA, Maciejewski PK, Potenza MN. Past-year recreational gambling in a nationally representative sample: correlates of casino, non-casino, and both casino/non-casino gambling. Psychiatry Res 2011; 188:269-75. [PMID: 21550124 PMCID: PMC3673308 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2011.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2010] [Revised: 02/06/2011] [Accepted: 04/13/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Data from the Gambling Impact and Behavior Study (GIBS), a national survey of 2417 U.S. adults, were examined by multivariate analysis to investigate characteristics of past-year recreational gamblers who participated in casino-only, non-casino-only, and both casino and non-casino gambling. Compared to non-casino-only gamblers, individuals who gambled in both locations had higher rates of alcohol use and abuse/dependence, lower rates of drug use, more frequent gambling, and larger wins and losses. Compared to casino-only gamblers, individuals who gambled in both locations reported less drug use, poorer subjective health, earlier age of gambling onset, greater frequency of gambling, and larger wins and losses. Compared to casino-only or non-casino-only gambling, gambling in both locations was associated with more frequent and heavier gambling. Findings suggest aspects of recreational gambling, such as gambling venue, may have important public health implications and should be considered in guidelines for responsible gambling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine A. Franco
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Paul K. Maciejewski
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marc N. Potenza
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA,Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA,Department of Neurobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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Odlaug BL, Marsh PJ, Kim SW, Grant JE. Strategic vs nonstrategic gambling: characteristics of pathological gamblers based on gambling preference. Ann Clin Psychiatry 2011; 23:105-12. [PMID: 21547270 PMCID: PMC3179902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although prior studies have examined various clinical characteristics of pathological gambling (PG), limited data exist regarding the clinical correlates of PG based on preferred forms of gambling. METHODS We grouped patients meeting DSM-IV criteria for pathological gambling into 3 categories of preferred forms of gambling: strategic (eg, cards, dice, sports betting, stock market), nonstrategic (eg, slots, video poker, pull tabs), or both. We then compared the groups' clinical characteristics, gambling severity (using the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale Modified for Pathological Gambling, the Clinical Global Impression-Severity scale, and time and money spent gambling) and psychiatric comorbidity. RESULTS The 440 patients included in this sample (54.1% females; mean age 47.69±11.36 years) comprised the following groups: strategic (n = 56; 12.7%), nonstrategic (n = 200; 45.5%), or both (n = 184; 41.8%). Nonstrategic gamblers were significantly more likely to be older and female. Money spent gambling, frequency of gambling, gambling severity, and comorbid disorders did not differ significantly among groups. CONCLUSIONS These preliminary results suggest that preferred form of gambling may be associated with certain age groups and sexes but is not associated with any specific clinical differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian L Odlaug
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
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Prize-based contingency management is efficacious in cocaine-abusing patients with and without recent gambling participation. J Subst Abuse Treat 2010; 39:282-8. [PMID: 20667679 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsat.2010.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2010] [Revised: 05/10/2010] [Accepted: 06/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Prize-based contingency management (CM) is efficacious in treating cocaine abuse, and the chance-based procedures of prize CM may be appealing to those who gamble. Using data from three randomized trials, we evaluated whether cocaine-abusing patients who had wagered in the month before treatment (n = 62) responded more favorably to prize CM than those who had not (n = 278). Participants were randomized to standard care (SC) or SC plus prize CM. Although prize CM was related to better outcomes overall, recent gambling was not associated with outcomes across or within treatment conditions. Gambling participation before treatment entry was associated with reductions in gambling over time, and this effect was more pronounced among those assigned to CM. These data suggest that prize CM is equally efficacious for substance-abusing patients who do and do not gamble, and they extend prior studies indicating that prize CM does not increase gambling.
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Jiménez-Murcia S, Granero Pérez R, Fernández-Aranda F, Alvarez Moya E, Aymamí MN, Gómez-Peña M, Bueno B, Santamaría JJ, Moragas L, Penelo E, Jaurrieta N, Alonso MP, Segalàs C, Real E, Labad J, Bove F, Vallejo J, Menchón JM. Comorbidity in pathological gambling: clinical variables, personality and treatment response. REVISTA DE PSIQUIATRIA Y SALUD MENTAL 2010; 2:178-89. [PMID: 23034347 DOI: 10.1016/s1888-9891(09)73236-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2009] [Accepted: 09/28/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pathological gambling shows high comorbidity rates, especially with substance use disorders, although affective, anxiety and other impulse control disorders, as well as personality disorders, are also frequently associated. OBJECTIVES To explore comorbidity in pathological gambling with other mental disorders in a consecutive sample of patients attending a unit specialized in pathological gambling, and specifically the relationship between substance-related disorders, on the one hand, and personality and clinical variables in pathological gamblers, on the other. METHOD A total of 498 patients with a DSM-IV-TR diagnosis of Pathological Gambling (11.8% women) were assessed with a semi-structured clinical interview and several clinical and personality scales. RESULTS Higher comorbidity with affective disorders was found in women (30.5%), while higher comorbidity with substance-related disorders was found in men (11.2%). A positive association was also detected between a history of psychiatric disorders and current comorbidity with substance-use disorders, as well as between alcohol abuse and age. Finally, some personality traits such as low reward dependence (OR=0.964) and high impulsivity (OR=1.02) predicted other substance abuse (not alcohol). High selftranscendence scores predicted both alcohol and other substance abuse (OR=1.06). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest a high prevalence of comorbid disorders in pathologic gambling, mainly with affective and substance-related disorders. The results of the present study, conducted in a broad sample of consecutively admitted pathologic gamblers, may contribute to understanding of this complex disorder and treatment improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Jiménez-Murcia
- Servicio de Psiquiatría, Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, España; Ciber Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, España.
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Jiménez-Murcia S, Granero Pérez R, Fernández-Aranda F, Álvarez Moya E, Aymamí M, Gómez-Peña M, Bueno B, Santamaría J, Moragas L, Penelo E, Jaurrieta N, Alonso M, Segalàs C, Real E, Labad J, Bove F, Vallejo J, Menchón J. Comorbidity of Pathological Gambling: clinical variables, personality and response to treatment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s2173-5050(09)70050-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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