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Montemayor BN, Murfree JR, Nabil AK, Barry AE. The Alcohol and Polysubstance Behaviors of Mandated College Students Prior to Collegiate Sporting Events: An Assessment of Pregaming. Subst Use Misuse 2023; 58:1660-1667. [PMID: 37489899 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2023.2238304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Background: Despite a litany of education and prevention efforts seeking to curtail alcohol and other drug (AOD) use behaviors of United States (U.S.) college students, AOD use remains pervasive among the American college student population. Socio-cultural reinforcement of AOD behaviors, such as pregaming (PG), are often considered normative aspects of the collegiate experience, potentially introducing, and/or exacerbating, AOD use among U.S. college students. Objective: Due to the unique relationship PG has with the U.S. college experience and sports culture, this study explored the relationship between PG prior to a live sporting event and frequency of alcohol use, and the likelihood of persons who pregame also engaging in polysubstance use (>1 substance during drinking/use event). Methods: This study was conducted with college students (n = 816) attending a large public university in the Southeastern Conference (SEC) who violated campus alcohol use policies. Results: Beyond the influence of important demographic covariates, PG (p < .001) was significantly associated with a greater frequency of alcohol use. Moreover, students who participated in PG festivities were nearly 2.5 times more likely to participate in polysubstance use. Discussion: PG prior to live collegiate sporting events has clear public health and policy implications. Future efforts should institute and enforce risk-management policies on college campuses and employ event-specific alcohol and polysubstance use prevention and intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin N Montemayor
- Department of Health Behavior, Texas A&M University School of Public Health, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Jessica R Murfree
- Department of Kinesiology and Sport Management, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Anas K Nabil
- Department of Health Behavior, Texas A&M University School of Public Health, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Adam E Barry
- Department of Health Behavior, Texas A&M University School of Public Health, College Station, Texas, USA
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2
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van der Maas M, Cho SR, Nower L. Problem gambling message board activity and the legalization of sports betting in the US: A mixed methods approach. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2021.107133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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3
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Riley KE, Tigershtrom A, Park CL, Lauranceau JP. Predictors of health behaviors during a college national championship sports event: A daily diary study. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2021; 69:928-936. [PMID: 32813633 PMCID: PMC7892634 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2020.1719110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Objective: Few studies have examined relations between college sporting events and maladaptive health behaviors among non-athlete college students. Participants: 97 college students. Methods: Completed nightly surveys (alcohol, eating, physical activity, sexual risk taking, smoking) for 11 days around a National Championship game. Results: Baseline stress and rumination was related to worse health behavior; mindfulness was related to better health behavior. Hierarchical linear modeling showed that all maladaptive health behaviors significantly increased the day of the sporting event compared to individuals' baseline levels. Rumination significantly predicted a spike in alcohol use and sexual risk taking behavior on the day of the Championship game. Conclusions: Risk factors for maladaptive health behaviors include stress and rumination, while mindfulness is protective. Interventions may work to make sports events on campus safer for students (e.g., condoms, reminder emails, mindfulness interventions for at risk groups); more research is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen E Riley
- Graduate School of Applied and Professional Psychology, Rutgers University
| | - Ashley Tigershtrom
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
| | - Crystal L Park
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut
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4
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Menaker BE, Sheptak RD, Barton KR. Friendly or unfriendly confines: impact of Chicago baseball stadia on vicinity crime patterns. MANAGING SPORT AND LEISURE 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/23750472.2021.1937287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brian E. Menaker
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A & M University – Kingsville, Kingsville, TX, USA
| | - R. Dale Sheptak
- Department of Sport Management, Baldwin Wallace University, Berea, OH, USA
| | - Kamry R. Barton
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A & M University – Kingsville, Kingsville, TX, USA
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5
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Lemas DJ, Loop MS, Duong M, Schleffer A, Collins C, Bowden JA, Du X, Patel K, Ciesielski AL, Ridge Z, Wagner J, Subedi B, Delcher C. Estimating drug consumption during a college sporting event from wastewater using liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 764:143963. [PMID: 33385644 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Consumption of licit and/or illicit compounds during sporting events has traditionally been monitored using population surveys, medical records, and law enforcement seizure data. This pilot study evaluated the temporal and geospatial patterns in drug consumption during a university football game from wastewater using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Untreated wastewater samples were collected from three locations within or near the same football stadium every 30 min during a university football game. This analysis leveraged two LCMS/ MS instruments (Waters Acquity TQD and a Shimadzu 8040) to analyze samples for 58 licit or illicit compounds and some of their metabolites. Bayesian multilevel models were implemented to estimate mass load and population-level drug consumption, while accounting for multiple instrument runs and concentrations censored at the lower limit of quantitation. Overall, 29 compounds were detected in at least one wastewater sample collected during the game. The 10 most common compounds included opioids, anorectics, stimulants, and decongestants. For compounds detected in more than 50% of samples, temporal trends in median mass load were correlated with the timing of the game; peak loads for cocaine and tramadol occurred during the first quarter of the game and for phentermine during the third quarter. Stadium-wide estimates of the number of doses of drugs consumed were rank ordered as follows: oxycodone (n = 3246) > hydrocodone (n = 2260) > phentermine (n = 513) > cocaine (n = 415) > amphetamine (n = 372) > tramadol (n = 360) > pseudoephedrine (n = 324). This analysis represents the most comprehensive assessment of drug consumption during a university football game and indicates that wastewater-based epidemiology has potential to inform public health interventions focused on reducing recreational drug consumption during large-scale sporting events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominick J Lemas
- Department of Health Outcomes & Biomedical Informatics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.
| | - Mathew Shane Loop
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Michelle Duong
- Department of Health Outcomes & Biomedical Informatics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Andrew Schleffer
- Department of Health Outcomes & Biomedical Informatics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Clark Collins
- Facilities Services, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - John Alfred Bowden
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Xinsong Du
- Department of Health Outcomes & Biomedical Informatics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Keval Patel
- Department of Health Outcomes & Biomedical Informatics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Austin L Ciesielski
- School of Forensic Sciences, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa, OK, United States
| | - Zach Ridge
- School of Forensic Sciences, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa, OK, United States
| | - Jarrad Wagner
- School of Forensic Sciences, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa, OK, United States
| | - Bikram Subedi
- Department of Chemistry, Murray State University, Murray, KY, United States
| | - Chris Delcher
- Department of Pharmacy Practice & Science, Institute for Pharmaceutical Outcomes and Policy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
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6
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Rosales-Salas J, Maldonado S, Seret A. Mining sequences in activities for time use analysis. INTELL DATA ANAL 2020. [DOI: 10.3233/ida-184361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sebastián Maldonado
- Department of Management Control and Information Systems, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Instituto Sistemas Complejos de Ingeniería (ISCI), Chile
| | - Alex Seret
- Generation Research, Lasarettsgatan 13, 89133 Örnsköldsvik, Sweden
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Menaker BE, Barry AE, Howell SM. Identifying the Influence of Opponent Ranking and Game Characteristics on Alcohol-Related Stadium Ejections. J Prim Prev 2019; 39:117-128. [PMID: 29423893 DOI: 10.1007/s10935-018-0504-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Sporting events in the U.S., particularly college football games, provide an opportunity for high-risk alcohol consumption that can result in alcohol-related consequences and associated public safety issues. Policy implication and predicting alcohol-related misconduct at college football games has become a concern for university administrators. To address this issue, we explored the extent to which the profile of a game or opponent-whether that be operationalized by classification (e.g., in-state opponent, conference opponent) or opponent quality (e.g., top-25 status, ranking average)-influences the reported stadium ejections of a college football venue, and whether these associations existed beyond the influence of several noteworthy covariates (e.g., time of kickoff, attendance, temperature). We suggest that time of kickoff and opponent quality measures predicted increases of ejections from college football stadiums. We conclude by discussing policy implications for college athletic departments and university stakeholders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian E Menaker
- Texas A&M University - Kingsville, 700 University Blvd. (MSC 198), Kingsville, TX, 78363-8202, USA.
| | - Adam E Barry
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, Blocker Bldg., 314-C, College Station, TX, 77843-4243, USA
| | - Steven M Howell
- Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, Northern Illinois University, Anderson Hall, DeKalb, IL, 60115, USA
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McFadyen T, Tindall J, Wiggers J, Kingsland M, Sherker S, Gillham K, Rowland B, Heaton R, Lecathelinais C, Wolfenden L. Alcohol management practices in community sporting clubs: Validation of an online self-report tool. Drug Alcohol Rev 2018; 37:580-587. [PMID: 29876978 DOI: 10.1111/dar.12816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND AIMS Those involved in organised sport have a high risk of excessive alcohol consumption and alcohol-related harm, the implementation of alcohol management practices have been proven to reduce these risks. Measuring alcohol management practice implementation by sporting clubs is impeded by a lack of valid tools. The aim of this study was to determine the validity of online self-report of alcohol-management practices by community football clubs via comparison with observational methods. DESIGN AND METHODS A cross-sectional study was undertaken with a sample of community football clubs within Australia. The implementation of 12 alcohol management practices was collected via: (i) an online survey; and (ii) observational audit at a clubs home ground. The prevalence of implementation of alcohol management practices for both data collection methods was calculated as was percent agreement and Kappa/Prevalence Adjusted and Bias Adjusted Kappa (PABAK) statistics. RESULTS Data were collected from 58 football clubs. For both assessment methods, implementation prevalence was greater than 80% for 6 of the 12 alcohol management practices. A total of 75% (n = 9) of practices had at least 70% agreement between the online and observation methods of assessment. Kappa/PABAK scores ranged from -0.08 (poor agreement) to 0.97 (almost perfect agreement). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The online survey provided valid measure of assessing some but not all alcohol management practices in community sporting clubs. The validity of the measure may be improved by enhancements to the manner in which the self-report data are collected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tameka McFadyen
- Hunter New England Population Health, Newcastle, Australia.,School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | | | - John Wiggers
- Hunter New England Population Health, Newcastle, Australia.,School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Melanie Kingsland
- Hunter New England Population Health, Newcastle, Australia.,School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | | | - Karen Gillham
- Hunter New England Population Health, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Bosco Rowland
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | | | - Luke Wolfenden
- Hunter New England Population Health, Newcastle, Australia.,School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
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9
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Fierro-Fine AC, Harland K, House HR, Krasowski MD. Ethanol Values During College Football Season: University Policy Change and Emergency Department Blood Ethanol Values From 2006 Through 2014. Lab Med 2016; 47:300-305. [PMID: 27572874 DOI: 10.1093/labmed/lmw028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tailgating is popular at many college football games. However, it is known to contribute to binge drinking and alcohol intoxication, which are common public health challenges. OBJECTIVE To use laboratory data to measure changes in plasma ethanol levels observed in a large state university emergency department after a series of reforms were enacted to reduce binge drinking. METHODS We performed a retrospective chart review on all serum ethanol levels measured at the University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics on weekends from 2006 through 2014. Data were analyzed by multivariable logistic regression after controlling for significant covariates. RESULTS A total of 5437 patients had ethanol levels recorded on weekends. After the implementation of policy changes, there was a significant reduction in the adjusted odds ratio (AOR) of ethanol values reported in the severe intoxication range (≥240 mg/dL; AOR = 0.77; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.64-0.92). CONCLUSION The policy changes implemented in 2009 in an attempt to reduce binge drinking are associated with a decreased likelihood of an ethanol result being in the severe intoxication range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia C Fierro-Fine
- Departments of Pathology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA
| | - Karisa Harland
- Emergency Medicine, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA
| | - Hans R House
- Emergency Medicine, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA
| | - Matthew D Krasowski
- Departments of Pathology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA
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10
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Schuckit MA, Smith TL, Clausen P, Skidmore J, Shafir A, Kalmijn J. Drinking Patterns Across Spring, Summer, and Fall in 462 University Students. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2016; 40:889-96. [PMID: 27038597 PMCID: PMC4819255 DOI: 10.1111/acer.13019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Student heavy drinking and associated problems are common at most universities and fluctuate throughout the calendar year, with marked increases during celebrations. Most studies of student drinking are limited to the academic year itself, and relatively few focus specifically on special heavy drinking events. Even fewer studies include drinking during summer break and subsequent school return. METHODS In the context of an experimental protocol, beginning in January 2014, alcohol-related characteristics were evaluated 8 times over 55 weeks for 462 college freshmen, including periods that incorporated a campus festival, summer, and school return. Baseline predictors of drinking quantities over time included demography, substance use patterns, as well as environmental and attitudinal characteristics. Product-moment correlations evaluated relationships between baseline characteristics and subsequent quantities, and simultaneous entry regression analyses evaluated which characteristics most robustly predicted usual and maximum drinks over time. RESULTS Maximum drinks per occasion increased 18% from the early spring (4/8/14 to 5/6/14) to the campus festival period (5/7/14 to 6/3/14), decreased 29% in the summer (7/8/14 to 8/5/14), and increased 31% on school return (10/7/14 to 11/4/14). The most robust predictors of higher quantities in regression analyses included items from each of the 3 major domains with the most consistent results seen for most baseline alcohol-related items and descriptive drinking norms (R(2) = 0.20 to 0.31). CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate important changes in students' drinking during the calendar year, including expected large increases during the month of a 1-day festival, large decreases over the summer, and resumption of relatively high quantities upon return to school.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc A Schuckit
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Tom L Smith
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Peyton Clausen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Jessica Skidmore
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Alexandra Shafir
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Jelger Kalmijn
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
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11
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Barry AE, Howell S, Bopp T, Stellefson M, Chaney E, Piazza-Gardner A, Payne-Purvis C. A field-based community assessment of intoxication levels across college football weekends: does it matter who's playing? J Prim Prev 2015; 35:409-16. [PMID: 25236926 DOI: 10.1007/s10935-014-0369-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
While alcohol consumption has been consistently linked to college football games in the United States, this literature lacks (a) field-based event-level analyses; (b) assessments of the context of drinking, such as days leading to an event, that occurs in conjunction with a contest; (c) investigations of non-student drinking; and (d) objective assessments of opponent rating. Therefore, the present study: (1) examines the extent to which breath alcohol concentrations (BrAC) among restaurant and bar district patrons differ for low- and high-profile games and (2) explores the relationship between an objective rating of a team's opponent and BrAC levels. Data were collected throughout the fall 2011 football season via six anonymous field studies in a bar district within a southeastern college community. During low-profile game weekends, respondents recorded significantly lower BrAC levels than those during high-profile game weekends. Additionally, there was a positive correlation between opponent rating and BrAC levels, such that mean BrAC readings were highest prior to the game featuring the highest rated opponent. Overall, participants exhibited significantly higher BrACs when a higher-rated opponent was playing that weekend. When resources (money, manpower) are limited, community-based prevention and enforcement efforts should occur during the weekends surrounding higher-profile games.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam E Barry
- Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77845-4243, USA,
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12
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Kingsland M, Wolfenden L, Tindall J, Rowland BC, Lecathelinais C, Gillham KE, Dodds P, Sidey MN, Rogerson JC, McElduff P, Crundall I, Wiggers JH. Tackling risky alcohol consumption in sport: a cluster randomised controlled trial of an alcohol management intervention with community football clubs. J Epidemiol Community Health 2015; 69:993-9. [PMID: 26038252 PMCID: PMC4602266 DOI: 10.1136/jech-2014-204984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Background An increased prevalence of risky alcohol consumption and alcohol-related harm has been reported for members of sporting groups and at sporting venues compared with non-sporting populations. While sports clubs and venues represent opportune settings to implement strategies to reduce such risks, no controlled trials have been reported. The purpose of the study was to examine the effectiveness of an alcohol management intervention in reducing risky alcohol consumption and the risk of alcohol-related harm among community football club members. Method A cluster randomised controlled trial of an alcohol management intervention was undertaken with non-elite, community football clubs and their members in New South Wales, Australia. Risky alcohol consumption (5+ drinks) at the club and risk of alcohol-related harm using the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) were measured at baseline and postintervention. Results Eighty-eight clubs participated in the trial (n=43, Intervention; n=45, Control) and separate cross-sectional samples of club members completed the baseline (N=1411) and postintervention (N=1143) surveys. Postintervention, a significantly lower proportion of intervention club members reported: risky alcohol consumption at the club (Intervention: 19%; Control: 24%; OR: 0.63 (95% CI 0.40 to 1.00); p=0.05); risk of alcohol-related harm (Intervention: 38%; Control: 45%; OR: 0.58 (95% CI 0.38 to 0.87); p<0.01); alcohol consumption risk (Intervention: 47%; Control: 55%; OR: 0.60 (95% CI 0.41 to 0.87); p<0.01) and possible alcohol dependence (Intervention: 1%; Control: 4%; OR: 0.20 (95% CI 0.06 to 0.65); p<0.01). Conclusions With large numbers of people worldwide playing, watching and sports officiating, enhancing club-based alcohol management interventions could make a substantial contribution to reducing the burden of alcohol misuse in communities. Trial registration number ACTRN12609000224224.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Kingsland
- School of Medicine and Public Health, the University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia Hunter New England Population Health, Wallsend, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Luke Wolfenden
- School of Medicine and Public Health, the University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia Hunter New England Population Health, Wallsend, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jennifer Tindall
- Hunter New England Population Health, Wallsend, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Bosco C Rowland
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Karen E Gillham
- Hunter New England Population Health, Wallsend, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Pennie Dodds
- School of Medicine and Public Health, the University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Maree N Sidey
- Australian Drug Foundation, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Patrick McElduff
- School of Medicine and Public Health, the University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ian Crundall
- Australian Drug Foundation, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - John H Wiggers
- School of Medicine and Public Health, the University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia Hunter New England Population Health, Wallsend, New South Wales, Australia
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13
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Mediano MFF, Sousa ASD, Hasslocher-Moreno AM. Sports events and Acute Coronary Syndrome: possible confounding factors and bias. Arq Bras Cardiol 2013; 101:474-5. [PMID: 24343554 DOI: 10.5935/abc.20130219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Mediano MFF, Sousa ASD, Hasslocher-Moreno AM. Sports events and Acute Coronary Syndrome: possible confounding factors and bias. Arq Bras Cardiol 2013. [PMID: 24343554 PMCID: PMC4081173 DOI: 10.5935/abc.201330219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Glassman T, Miller J, Miller ME, Wohlwend J, Reindl D. Game Day Alcohol Expectancies among College Students from a University in the Southeast. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH EDUCATION 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/19325037.2012.10599236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tavis Glassman
- a College of Health Science and Human Services , University of Toledo , Mail Stop 119, Toledo , OH , 43606
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Miller P, McDonald L, McKenzie S, O'Brien K, Staiger P. When the cats are away: the impact of sporting events on assault- and alcohol-related emergency department attendances. Drug Alcohol Rev 2012; 32:31-8. [PMID: 22715998 DOI: 10.1111/j.1465-3362.2012.00481.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2012] [Accepted: 05/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND AIMS Despite the attention given to the broad topic of alcohol and violence, there are few studies of this relationship in the context of sporting events and their impact on alcohol-related hospital emergency department (ED) attendances, none of which are Australian. METHODS De-identified patient records from Barwon Health's Geelong Hospital ED were analysed from 1 July 2005 to 16 February 2010. Information contained in these records included age, gender, suburb of residence, attendance date and time, arrival mode and reason for attendance. The ED triage database was searched for attendances relating to alcohol, drugs and assault of which 16,940 cases were returned. RESULTS There was a substantial increase in annual alcohol-related ED attendances from 2006 to 2009. Hierarchical binary logistic regression analyses showed that having a game on a particular day did not contribute to the model, but there were significantly more ED attendances for assaults on days when the Geelong Cats won. There were no significant predictors of ED attendance for alcohol-related harm in the variables studied. DISCUSSION The findings of the study suggest that there are significantly more assault-related attendances at the ED in Geelong when the local national football team, the Geelong Cats, won. None of the variables under investigation appears to have impacted on alcohol-related attendances which were not assaults (i.e. injuries or intoxication). CONCLUSIONS It appears that increases in ED attendances associated with the success of a local sporting team are not significantly associated with alcohol use and are more influenced by other factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Miller
- School of Psychology, Waterfront Campus, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.
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17
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Lefkowitz ES, Patrick ME, Morgan NR, Bezemer DH, Vasilenko SA. State Patty's Day: College Student Drinking and Local Crime Increased on a Student-constructed Holiday. JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENT RESEARCH 2011; 27:323-350. [PMID: 22685369 DOI: 10.1177/0743558411417866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
College student alcohol consumption is a major concern, and is known to increase during the celebration of special events. This study examined a student-constructed holiday, State Patty's Day, at a university with a dominant drinking culture using three sources of data - coded data from Facebook groups, daily web surveys from first-year students (N= 227, 51% male, age 18 to 20; 27.3% Hispanic/Latino; of non-Hispanic/Latino, 26.9% of sample European American/White, 19.4% Asian American/Hawaiian/Pacific Islander, 15.9% African American/Black, 10.6% more than one race), and criminal offense data from police records. Results indicated that messages about State Patty's Day on Facebook focused on drinking and social aspects of the holiday, such as the social context of drinking, a sense of belonging to a larger community, and the social norms of drinking. These messages were rarely about consequences and rarely negative. On State Patty's Day, 51% of students consumed alcohol, compared to 29% across other sampled weekend days. Students consumed more drinks (M = 8.2 [SD = 5.3] drinks per State Patty's Day drinker) and were more likely to engage in heavy drinking on State Patty's Day, after controlling for gender, drinking motives, and weekend, demonstrating the event-specific spike in heavy drinking associated with this holiday. The impact of this student-constructed holiday went beyond individual drinking behavior; alcohol-specific and other crime also peaked on State Patty's Day and the day after. Event-specific prevention strategies may be particularly important in addressing these spontaneous, quickly-constructed, and dynamic events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva S Lefkowitz
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies at the Pennsylvania State University. Her research focuses on adolescent and emerging adult social interactions, particularly in the context of sexual relationships and risk behaviors, and their implications for health and development
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Merlo LJ, Ahmedani BK, Barondess DA, Bohnert KM, Gold MS. Alcohol consumption associated with collegiate American football pre-game festivities. Drug Alcohol Depend 2011; 116:242-5. [PMID: 21288661 PMCID: PMC3101303 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2010.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2010] [Revised: 12/02/2010] [Accepted: 12/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Internationally, sporting events represent a specific context in which heavy episodic drinking is common. The current study assessed determinants of heavy episodic drinking among tailgaters (i.e., individuals engaging in pre-game social festivities) prior to American football games at two large universities. A total of 466 individuals at two universities completed a short interview and provided a breathalyzer sample to estimate breath alcohol content (BrAC) during the tailgating window (150min prior to and 10min after the start of the game). The plurality of participants, 48.5% at the southeastern university (School1) and 58.8% at the midwestern university (School2), engaged in heavy episodic drinking. Only 54 individuals (11.6%) from the combined sample at both universities abstained from alcohol (confirmed via BrAC). In total, 40.2% of participants at School1 and 31.9% at School2 produced breath samples over the legal limit for driving (i.e., BrAC=0.08 or higher). In site-specific regression analyses, younger ages, males, and non-students at School1, and younger ages and non-game attendance at School2 were associated with self-reported heavy episodic drinking and higher levels of estimated BrAC (p<0.05). Given the widespread participation in heavy episodic drinking among both students and non-students in this sample, public health interventions should be implemented both on- and off-campus to promote safety and to discourage heavy episodic drinking at American football games and other high-profile sporting events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa J Merlo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
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Sánchez AI, Villaveces A, Krafty RT, Park T, Weiss HB, Fabio A, Puyana JC, Gutiérrez MI. Policies for alcohol restriction and their association with interpersonal violence: a time-series analysis of homicides in Cali, Colombia. Int J Epidemiol 2011; 40:1037-46. [PMID: 21450681 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyr051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cali, Colombia, has a high incidence of interpersonal violence deaths. Various alcohol control policies have been implemented to reduce alcohol-related problems. The objective of this study was to determine whether different alcohol control policies were associated with changes in the incidence rate of homicides. METHODS Ecologic study conducted during 2004-08 using a time-series design. Policies were implemented with variations in hours of restriction of sales and consumption of alcohol. Most restrictive policies prohibited alcohol between 2 a.m. and 10 a.m. for 446 non-consecutive days. Moderately restrictive policies prohibited alcohol between 3 a.m. and 10 a.m. for 1277 non-consecutive days. Lax policies prohibited alcohol between 4 a.m. and 10 a.m. for 104 non-consecutive days. In conditional autoregressive negative binomial regressions, rates of homicides and unintentional injury deaths (excluding traffic events) were compared between different periods of days when different policies were in effect. RESULTS There was an increased risk of homicides in periods when the moderately restrictive policies were in effect compared with periods when the most restrictive policies were in effect [incidence rate ratio (IRR) 1.15, 90% confidence interval (CI) 1.05-1.26, P = 0.012], and there was an even higher risk of homicides in periods when the lax policies were in effect compared with periods when the most restrictive policies were in effect (IRR 1.42, 90% CI 1.26-1.61, P < 0.001). Less restrictive policies were not associated with increased risk of unintentional injury deaths. CONCLUSION Extended hours of sales and consumption of alcohol were associated with increased risk of homicides. Strong restrictions on alcohol availability could reduce the incidence of interpersonal violence events in communities where homicides are high.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro I Sánchez
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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Shook J, Hiestand BC. Alcohol-related emergency department visits associated with collegiate football games. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2011; 59:388-392. [PMID: 21500057 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2010.511364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In 2003, after several post-college football game riots, multiple strategies including strict enforcement of open container laws were instituted by the authors' city and university. The authors compared alcohol-related visits to the on-campus emergency department (ED) associated with home football games in 2002 and 2006, hypothesizing that alcohol-related visits should decline. PARTICIPANTS ED patients during home game weekends. METHODS Retrospective cohort study comparing the 2002 and 2006 home games-similar seasons wherein the team went undefeated. Logistic regression assessed the impact of environmental and patient characteristics on the likelihood of an ED visit being alcohol related. RESULTS In total 2,220 visits in 2002 and 2,146 visits in 2006 were reviewed. Alcohol-related visits increased from 2002 (7.9%) to 2006 (9.5%, p = .06). Despite community interventions, the odds of an ED visit being alcohol related increased (odds ratio [OR] 1.3, 95% confidence interval [CI₉₅] 1.06-1.64). CONCLUSIONS Community measures did not reduce alcohol-related visits to the ED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janice Shook
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW In this study, we reviewed data on drug use among high school students in Iran. RECENT FINDINGS Published epidemiological studies in international and domestic journals show that drug use/abuse is a serious mental health problem in Iran. There is cultural support for opium in Iran and also there is cultural tolerance for tobacco smoking, especially as water pipe smoking in Iranian families. Alcohol, opium and cannabis are the most frequently used illicit drugs, but there are new emerging problems with anabolic steroids, ecstasy and stimulant substances, such as crystal methamphetamine. SUMMARY There is a serious drug abuse problem among Iranian high school students. It could be due to role modeling by parents - mainly fathers - and also cultural tolerance of some substances. Early onset of tobacco smoking, with a daily use rate between 4.4 and 12.8% in high school students, is an important risk factor for other drug abuse problems. Use of all types of drugs, except prescription drugs, is more prevalent among boys. Alcohol is the most frequently abused substance, with a lifetime rate of at least 9.9%. Lifetime rates of opiate use - mostly opium - was between 1.2 and 8.6% in different parts of the country. As drug abuse is a frequent problem among Iranian high school students, it is necessary to design and implement drug prevention programs to protect them. Such programs, including life skills training and drug education, have been operating in recent years for Iranian students from kindergarten to the university level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Momtazi
- Department of Psychiatry, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences and Substance Abuse Prevention and Treatment Office, Tehran, Iran.
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