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Escaño GJ, Pridemore WA. Population-Level Alcohol Consumption and Homicide Rates in Latin America: A Fixed Effects Panel Analysis, 1961-2019. THE BRITISH JOURNAL OF CRIMINOLOGY 2024; 64:656-674. [PMID: 38638838 PMCID: PMC11022986 DOI: 10.1093/bjc/azad056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) possesses 8 per cent of the global population but approximately one-third of global homicides. The region also exhibits high per capita alcohol consumption, risky drinking patterns and a heterogeneous mix of beverage preferences. Despite this, LAC violence receives limited attention in the English-language literature and there are no studies of the population-level alcohol-homicide association in the region. We examined the effects on total, male and female homicide rates of total and beverage-specific alcohol consumption (22 nations, 1961-2019) and of risky drinking patterns (20 nations, 2005 and 2010). We collected homicide and alcohol data from the World Health Organization. Panel fixed effects models showed (1) per capita total and wine consumption were positively associated with total, male and female homicide rates, though effects were much stronger for males, (2) per capita beer consumption was positively associated with total and male homicide rates, (3) per capita spirits consumption was not associated with homicide rates, and (4) nations with riskier drinking patterns had higher total, male and female homicide rates than those with less risky drinking patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo J Escaño
- University at Albany, State University of New York, School of Criminal Justice, 135 Western Avenue, Albany, NY 12222, USA
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2
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Conde K, Peltzer RI, Gimenez PV, Salomón T, Suarez G, Monteiro M, Cherpitel CJ, Cremonte M. Road traffic injury risk from alcohol and cannabis use among emergency department patients in Argentina. Rev Panam Salud Publica 2022; 46:e116. [PMID: 36060199 PMCID: PMC9426949 DOI: 10.26633/rpsp.2022.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To report the risk from alcohol, cannabis, and their combined use for non-fatal road traffic injuries for drivers, passengers, and pedestrians. Methods Risk was estimated using the case-crossover method. Participants (N= 306) were injured patients from an emergency department in Mar del Plata, Argentina. Results Alcohol use (OR= 6.78, CI 95% 3.75-12.25) as well as combined alcohol and cannabis use (OR= 7.05, CI 95% 1.16-42.73) significantly increased the risk of a road traffic injuries. Alcohol use increased the risk in both, women (OR= 8.87, CI 95% 2.69-29.21) and men (OR= 6.16, CI 95% 3.10-12.23); in those >30 years old (OR= 6.01, CI 95% 2.09-17.24) and those <30 years old (OR= 7.15, CI 95% 3.49-14.65). This last group also had an increased risk after combined alcohol and cannabis use (OR= 7.05, CI 95% 1.16-42.75). Both drivers (OR= 6.40, CI 95% 3.23-12.69) and passengers (OR= 13.83, CI 95% 2.87-66.42) had an increased risk after alcohol consumption. Conclusions To our knowledge, these are the first estimates of the risk of having a road traffic injury after alcohol and cannabis consumption in one of the countries of the Southern Cone (Argentina, Chile, and Uruguay). These results highlight the urgent need to implement and enforce comprehensive alcohol control measures. Furthermore, given the global trend towards legalizing cannabis for recreational use, our results could also inform policymakers to enact or amend impaired driving laws.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Conde
- Universidad Nacional de Mar del PlataMar del PlataArgentinaUniversidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata, Argentina.
| | - Raquel Inés Peltzer
- Universidad Nacional de Mar del PlataMar del PlataArgentinaUniversidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata, Argentina.
| | - Paula Victoria Gimenez
- Universidad Nacional de Mar del PlataMar del PlataArgentinaUniversidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata, Argentina.
| | - Tomás Salomón
- Universidad Nacional de Mar del PlataMar del PlataArgentinaUniversidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata, Argentina.
| | - Gabriel Suarez
- Hospital Interzonal General de Agudos “Dr. Oscar Alende”Mar del PlataArgentinaHospital Interzonal General de Agudos “Dr. Oscar Alende”, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Maristela Monteiro
- Pan American Health OrganizationWashington, D.C.United States of AmericaPan American Health Organization, Washington, D.C., United States of America
| | - Cheryl J Cherpitel
- Public Health InstituteEmeryvilleUnited States of AmericaPublic Health Institute, Emeryville, United States of America
| | - Mariana Cremonte
- Universidad Nacional de Mar del PlataMar del PlataArgentinaUniversidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata, Argentina.
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Saar I, Trasberg V. Association between self-reported binge drinking and absenteeism in the Baltic countries. NORDIC STUDIES ON ALCOHOL AND DRUGS 2022; 38:517-533. [PMID: 35308813 PMCID: PMC8900189 DOI: 10.1177/14550725211029085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Substantial loss of productivity due to absenteeism is associated with alcohol use. This study examined the associations between absenteeism in the workplace and in schools and binge drinking across various beverage types in the Baltic countries. Methods We utilised a dataset of 3,778 individuals compiled from 2015 to 2016 and performed multiple negative binomial regression analysis with multiple imputations to deal with missing data. Self-reported measures were used for both absenteeism and binge drinking. Results We found evidence to support the claim that absenteeism, in terms of self-reported absence days, is positively associated with self-reported binge drinking, specifically with beer bingeing. On average, beer bingers reported 49% (p < .05) more absences than people who drink alcohol but do not binge on beer. For wine and spirits variables, the estimates indicated positive but statistically insignificant associations. No group differences were identified across gender and education. Conclusions A considerable proportion of days absent from work and from school can be associated with beer bingeing. Therefore, it should be acknowledged that beverage-specific alcohol policies that are more lenient toward beer than other types of alcohol can inadvertently increase absenteeism and decrease workplace productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indrek Saar
- Estonian Academy of Security Sciences, Tallinn, Estonia Tallinn University, Estonia
| | - Viktor Trasberg
- University of Tartu, Estonia Estonian Aviation Academy, Estonia
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Sornpaisarn B, Sornpaisarn S, Rehm J. The association between the time of alcohol drinking and injury risk in Thailand: a cross-sectional emergency department study. SUBSTANCE ABUSE TREATMENT PREVENTION AND POLICY 2021; 16:28. [PMID: 33785034 PMCID: PMC8011167 DOI: 10.1186/s13011-021-00365-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the relationship between acute alcohol consumption and injuries is well recognized, studies exploring how the time of day the drinking commences affects alcohol-related injuries have been scarce. This contribution examines the associations between the time at which the drinking began and the duration of the drinking, the volume of alcohol consumed, the injury type, and the blood alcohol concentration (BAC) level. METHOD This study employed a cross-sectional survey, which was conducted in two hospital emergency departments (ED) in Chiangmai Province, Thailand. The sample was composed of 519 injured patients aged 18 years and older. Outcome measures included the BAC and type of injury. Exposures included the quantity of alcohol consumed, the time the drinking commenced, and the pattern of drinking involved. RESULTS The injured patients who drank alcohol within six hours prior to sustaining their injury were more likely to get injured and present themselves at the ED at night (20:00-04:00) compared to those who sustained an injury but did not drink in the hours prior. However, this relationship was only true for unintentional injuries, not intentional ones. The majority of participants consumed their first drink between 16:00 and 20:00. On average, among the 104 patients who drank prior to sustaining an injury, the total amount of alcohol consumed was 6.9 drinks, the duration of drinking was 2.6 h, the rate of drinking was 6.0 drinks/hour, and the BAC was 0.119 gm%. Every drink increased the BAC by 0.012 gm% and each year of increasing age increased the BAC by 0.003 gm%. People who were older, less educated, and drank more frequently tended to have their first drink earlier than other drinkers. An earlier start to their drinking resulted in a faster pace of drinking and a higher BAC. CONCLUSIONS BAC increased with the total amount of alcohol consumed and the age of the drinker. Different groups of people had their first drink at different times of the day, resulting in differences in the rate of drinking, the BAC, the time of injury, and the time they presented to the ED after injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bundit Sornpaisarn
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 33 Russell Street, Ontario, M5S 2S1, Toronto, Canada. .,Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, 155 College Street, 6th floor, M5T 3M7, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. .,Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, 420/1 Ratchawithi Road, Thung Phaya Thai, Ratchathewi, 10400, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Sarnti Sornpaisarn
- Faculty of Health Science, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, L8S 4L8, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jürgen Rehm
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 33 Russell Street, Ontario, M5S 2S1, Toronto, Canada.,Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, 155 College Street, 6th floor, M5T 3M7, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,World Health Organization / Pan American Health Organization Collaborating Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 33 Ursula Franklin Street, M5S 2S1, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 33 Ursula Franklin Street, M5S 2S1, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, 250 College Street, 8th floor, M5T 1R8, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Centre for Interdisciplinary Addiction Research, University of Hamburg, Martinstraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.,Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy & Center of Clinical Epidemiology and Longitudinal Studies (CELOS), Technische Universität Dresden, Chemnitzer Str. 46, 01187, Dresden, Germany.,Department of International Health Projects, Institute for Leadership and Health Management, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Trubetskaya str., 8, b. 2, 119992, Moscow, Russian Federation
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Paschall MJ, Grube JW, Ringwalt CL, Fisher DA, Miller T. The Contribution of Alcohol Beverage Types to Consumption, Heavy Drinking, and Alcohol-Related Harms: A Comparison across Five Countries. Subst Use Misuse 2021; 56:1982-1988. [PMID: 34379043 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2021.1963984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study examined the relative contribution of alcoholic beverage types to overall alcohol consumption and associations with heavy alcohol use and alcohol-related harms among adults. METHODS Cross-sectional survey data were collected from adult samples in two cities involved in the Global Smart Drinking Goals (GSDG) initiative in each of five countries (Belgium, Brazil, China, South Africa, United States). Survey measures included past-30-day consumption of beer, wine, flavored alcoholic drinks, spirits, and homemade alcohol; past-30-day heavy drinking; 14 alcohol-related harms in the past 12 months; and demographic characteristics. Within in each country, we computed the proportion of total alcohol consumption for each beverage type. Regression analyses were conducted to estimate the relative associations between consumption of each alcoholic beverage type, heavy alcohol use, and alcohol-related harms, controlling for demographic characteristics. RESULTS Beer accounted for at least half of total alcohol consumption in GSDG cities in Belgium, Brazil, the U.S., and South Africa, and 35% in China. Regression analyses indicated that greater beer consumption was associated with heavy drinking episodes and with alcohol-related harms in the cities in Belgium, Brazil, South Africa, and the U.S. Significant increases in heavy drinking and alcohol-related harms were also consistently observed for spirits consumption. CONCLUSIONS Beer accounts for the greatest proportion of total alcohol consumption in most of the GSDG cities and was consistently associated with more heavy drinking episodes and alcohol-related harms. Reducing beer consumption through evidence-based interventions may therefore have the greatest impact on hazardous drinking and alcohol-related harms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mallie J Paschall
- HBSA, Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Joel W Grube
- HBSA, Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, Berkeley, California, USA
| | | | - Deborah A Fisher
- HBSA, Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, Calverton, Maryland, USA
| | - Ted Miller
- HBSA, Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, Calverton, Maryland, USA
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Stevely AK, Holmes J, McNamara S, Meier PS. Drinking contexts and their association with acute alcohol-related harm: A systematic review of event-level studies on adults' drinking occasions. Drug Alcohol Rev 2020; 39:309-320. [PMID: 32067297 DOI: 10.1111/dar.13042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 01/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
ISSUES Event-level alcohol research can inform prevention efforts by determining whether drinking contexts-such as people or places-are associated with harmful outcomes. This review synthesises evidence on associations between characteristics of adults' drinking occasions and acute alcohol-related harm. APPROACH We systematically searched Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid PsycInfo and the Web of Science Social Sciences Citation Index. Eligible papers used quantitative designs and event-level data collection methods. They linked one or more drinking contexts to acute alcohol-related harm. Following extraction of study characteristics, methods and findings, we assessed study quality and narratively synthesised the findings. PROSPERO ID CRD42018119701. KEY FINDINGS Searches identified 95 eligible papers, 65 (68%) of which study young adults and 62 (65%) of which are set in the United States, which limits generalisability to other populations. These papers studied a range of harms from assault to drink driving. Study quality is good overall although measures often lack validation. We found substantial evidence for direct effects of drinking context on harms. All of the contextual characteristics types studied (e.g. people, place, timing, psychological states, drink type) were consistently associated with harms. Certain contexts were frequently studied and associated with harms, in particular, weekend drinking, drinking in licensed premises and concurrent illicit drug use. IMPLICATIONS The findings of our review indicate target drinking contexts for prevention efforts that are consistently associated with increased acute alcohol-related harm. CONCLUSION A large range of contextual characteristics of drinking occasions are directly associated with acute alcohol-related harm, over and above levels of consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail K Stevely
- Sheffield Alcohol Research Group, School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - John Holmes
- Sheffield Alcohol Research Group, School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Simon McNamara
- School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Petra S Meier
- Sheffield Alcohol Research Group, School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.,UK Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies, Nottingham, UK
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Kuo YC, Chen LY, Chang HM, Yang TW, Huang MC, Cheng WJ. Different demographic and drinking profiles of motorcyclists and car drivers with the first-time offense of driving/riding under the influence of alcohol. ACCIDENT; ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION 2020; 134:105330. [PMID: 31678785 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2019.105330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Driving/riding under the influence (DUI) of alcohol is a major public concern worldwide. Only a few studies have distinguished DUI-related variables between motorcyclists and car drivers. This study examined the differences in demographic characteristics and drinking behaviors among first-time DUI offenders operating different transportation vehicles, and risk factors for frequent DUI (fDUI) among them. METHODS We conducted an anonymous survey for 561 first-time DUI offenders who attended a mandatory educational program. Participants self-administered questionnaires concerning alcohol drinking behaviors and DUI. We defined fDUI as at least two DUI behaviors per month based on self-reported information. Demographic and drinking characteristics were compared between DUI offenders, car drivers and motorcyclists. Logistic regression analysis was used to examine risk factors for fDUI. RESULTS Two-thirds of first-time DUI offenders were motorcyclists. Compared with car drivers, motorcyclists were younger and less educated, with a higher percentage of them being women and unmarried. Car drivers reported a higher rate of fDUI than motorcyclists (16.5% vs. 9.7%). Regression analysis revealed that binge drinkers had a higher fDUI risk in both groups. Regarding the drinking place prior to DUI behavior, workplace was significantly associated with fDUI in car drivers. CONCLUSIONS Distinct strategies may be required for motorcyclists and car drivers for DUI recidivism prevention, and drinking place interventions should also be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Chun Kuo
- Linsen Chinese Medicine and Kunming Branch, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Lian-Yu Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei City Psychiatric Center, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hu-Ming Chang
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei City Psychiatric Center, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tien-Wei Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei City Psychiatric Center, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chyi Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei City Psychiatric Center, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Psychiatric Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Ju Cheng
- Department of Psychiatry, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Cherpitel CJ, Korcha RA, Witbrodt J, Ye Y. Risk of Alcohol-Related Injury: Does Societal Drinking Context Make a Difference? J Stud Alcohol Drugs 2018; 79:876-880. [PMID: 30573018 PMCID: PMC6308177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to examine whether country-level frequency of drinking in a public context and in a private context is associated with rates of alcohol-related injury in emergency department studies from those same countries. METHOD Emergency department data on 5,104 injured patients in 10 countries from the International Collaborative Alcohol and Injury Study (ICAIS) and aggregate level drinking context data from the Gender, Alcohol and Culture: An International Study (GENACIS) are analyzed. The association of societal drinking context (public and private) with variation in the rate of self-reported drinking before injury is examined using multilevel modeling. RESULTS Controlling for demographic characteristics, individual-level volume and drinking pattern, study-level volume, and country-level drinking pattern and alcohol control policy, societal public drinking context was significantly predictive of an alcohol-related injury (odds ratio [OR] = 1.08, CI [1.02, 1.13]), whereas societal private drinking context was not. Public drinking context was predictive of violence-related injury (OR = 1.09, CI [1.01, 1.17]), whereas private drinking context was predictive of injuries from falls (OR = 1.01, CI [1.01, 1.02]). Neither societal drinking context was significantly predictive of traffic-related injuries whereas both public (OR = 1.06, CI [1.01, 1.12]) and private (OR = 1.01, CI [1.01, 1.03]) contexts were predictive of injuries from other causes. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that societal drinking context does make a difference in the likelihood of an alcohol-related injury, which is important for a better understanding of the role of drinking context in a country in the occurrence of an alcohol-related injury and may inform future recommendations for reducing this harmful consequence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yu Ye
- Alcohol Research Group, Emeryville, California
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9
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De Bruyn S, Wouters E, Ponnet K, Van Damme J, Maes L, Van Hal G. Problem drinking among Flemish students: beverage type, early drinking onset and negative personal & social consequences. BMC Public Health 2018; 18:234. [PMID: 29433466 PMCID: PMC5809947 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-018-5120-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although alcohol is socially accepted in most Western societies, studies are clear about its associated negative consequences, especially among university and college students. Studies on the relationship between alcohol-related consequences and both beverage type and drinking onset, however, are scarce, especially in a European context. The aim of this research was, therefore, twofold: (1) What is the relationship between beverage type and the negative consequences experienced by students? and (2) Are these consequences determined by early drinking onset? We will examine these questions within the context of a wide range of alcohol-related consequences. Methods The analyses are based on data collected by the inter-university project ‘Head in the clouds?’, measuring alcohol use among students in Flanders (Belgium). In total, a large dataset consisting of information from 19,253 anonymously participating students was available. Negative consequences were measured using a shortened version of the Core Alcohol and Drug Survey (CADS_D). Data were analysed using negative binomial regression. Results Results vary depending on the type of alcohol-related consequences: Personal negative consequences occur frequently among daily beer drinkers. However, a high rate of social negative consequences was recorded for both daily beer drinkers and daily spirits drinkers. Finally, early drinking onset was significantly associated with both personal and social negative consequences, and this association was especially strong between beer and spirits drinking onset and social negative consequences. Conclusions Numerous negative consequences, both personal and social, are related to frequent beer and spirits drinking. Our findings indicate a close association between drinking beer and personal negative consequences as well as between drinking beer and/or spirits and social negative consequences. Similarly, early drinking onset has a major influence on the rates of both personal and social negative consequences. The earlier students started drinking, the more negative consequences they experienced during college or university. Several (policy) interventions are discussed. This study is the first to incorporate detailed information on both beverage type and drinking onset, and its associated negative consequences, as measured by the CADS_D, in a large student population. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12889-018-5120-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara De Bruyn
- Department of Sociology, University of Antwerp, Sint-Jacobstraat 2, B-2000, Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Edwin Wouters
- Department of Sociology, University of Antwerp, Sint-Jacobstraat 2, B-2000, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Koen Ponnet
- Department of Sociology, University of Antwerp, Sint-Jacobstraat 2, B-2000, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Communication Studies, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Communication Studies, IMEC-MICT, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Joris Van Damme
- Association for Alcohol and other Drug problems, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Lea Maes
- Department of Public Health, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Guido Van Hal
- Department of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, Social Epidemiology and Health Policy, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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Cherpitel CJ, Ye Y, Kerr WC. Risk of Past Year Injury Related to Hours of Exposure to an Elevated Blood Alcohol Concentration and Average Monthly Alcohol Volume: Data from 4 National Alcohol Surveys (2000 to 2015). Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2017; 42:360-368. [PMID: 29160960 DOI: 10.1111/acer.13561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While a strong association exists between alcohol and injury in emergency department (ED) studies, these studies are not representative of the general population. METHODS The association of injury with the number of hours of exposure to a blood alcohol concentration (BAC) ≥ 0.05 and average monthly volume in drinks, both based on self-report of quantity and frequency of drinking in the last year, in a merged sample of respondents (n = 29,571) from 4 U.S. National Alcohol Surveys (2000 to 2015) are analyzed. Risk curves based on categorical step function and fractional polynomial modeling were analyzed separately by gender, and by age and race/ethnicity for males. RESULTS Risk of injury increased at 1 hour of a BAC exposure of ≥ 0.05 and at an average monthly volume of 1 drink. Risk of injury for spirits increased to an average daily volume of 1 drink, but no association was found for injury risk and average volume for either wine or beer. Risk of injury increased with both exposure hours and monthly volume among males, but little association was found for either consumption measure with risk of injury for females. Among males, increased risk of injury was greater for whites than for blacks or Hispanics for BAC exposure; Hispanics showed a continued elevated risk up to 8 hours of exposure. After peaking at a monthly volume of 1 drink, injury risk decreased substantially for blacks, but was more gradual for whites, while risk increased very slightly for Hispanics to about 4 drinks per day. Males aged 18 to 29 showed the largest increase in risk associated with the number of hours of exposure to a BAC of ≥0.05, with risk doubling at 1 hour of exposure, but subsequently falling. CONCLUSIONS While findings here are weaker than those from ED studies and likely due to the context of drinking, risk of injury appears to increase at relatively low levels of consumption, suggesting the importance of preventive efforts to reduce injury not only for heavier drinkers but also for more moderate drinkers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yu Ye
- Alcohol Research Group, Public Health Institute, Emeryville, California
| | - William C Kerr
- Alcohol Research Group, Public Health Institute, Emeryville, California
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11
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Mété D. [Taxation of traditional rums in French overseas territories and public health: The example of Reunion Island]. Rev Epidemiol Sante Publique 2017; 65:443-452. [PMID: 29110959 DOI: 10.1016/j.respe.2017.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND France has a complex system for the taxation of alcoholic beverages. In the French overseas territories (FOT), the system includes little-known specificities whose purpose is to preserve the sugar-cane-rum sector, a pillar for the weak economies in these territories. Taxes are reduced for traditional rums produced and sold locally. This favors the marketing of alcoholic spirits at low prices. In metropolitan France, on the contrary, spirits are heavily taxed drinks and their share in consumption is minor. Reunion Island (RI) is a FOT confronted with significant socioeconomic precariousness and with one of the highest national morbidity and mortality rates associated with alcohol abuse. Spirits account for half of the total consumption of pure alcohol, with a strong predominance for local traditional rums. These products are preferentially consumed by vulnerable subjects, often affected by an alcohol-use disorder. METHODS This study consists of three parts. First, a comparative analysis of alcoholic beverage prices between RI and mainland France. Second, an analysis of the bibliography on the consequences of preferential consumption of spirits. Third, a literature review on the impact of taxation on alcohol-related morbidity and mortality. RESULTS In France, the cheapest gram of pure alcohol is found in the FOT. The preferential consumption of spirits is associated with more frequent and more rapid complications. It is correlated with the level of alcoholic psychoses. Taxation is effective in reducing damage caused by the abuse of alcoholic beverages. The World Health Organization recommends the application of a minimum price for alcohol and tax increases. CONCLUSION The reduced taxation of the traditional rums of the FOT does not take into account public health data. Its purpose is economic. In RI, it contributes to a high level of consumption of spirits and encourages excess mortality through alcohol abuse. It constitutes an inequality of health for these populations. Changes in this tax system is desirable in order to reduce the harm caused by alcohol. It should be closer to the tax system in force in metropolitan France. Alcohol lobbies and lack of political courage have so far inhibited this change to the detriment of the health of the populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Mété
- Service d'addictologie, CHU Félix-Guyon, route de Bellepierre, 97405 Saint-Denis cedex, La Réunion; Fédération régionale d'addictologie de La Réunion, CHU Félix-Guyon, route de Bellepierre, 97405 Saint-Denis cedex, La Réunion.
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Andreuccetti G, Leyton V, Lemos NP, Miziara ID, Ye Y, Takitane J, Munoz DR, Reingold AL, Cherpitel CJ, de Carvalho HB. Alcohol use among fatally injured victims in São Paulo, Brazil: bridging the gap between research and health services in developing countries. Addiction 2017; 112:596-603. [PMID: 28044383 PMCID: PMC5339026 DOI: 10.1111/add.13688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Revised: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Most studies reporting alcohol use among fatally injured victims are subject to bias, particularly those related to sample selection and to absence of injury context data. We developed a research method to estimate the prevalence of alcohol consumption and test correlates of alcohol use prior to fatal injuries. DESIGN, SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS Cross-sectional study based on a probability sample of fatally injured adult victims (n = 365) autopsied in São Paulo, Brazil. Victims were sampled within systematically selected 8-hour sampling blocks, generating a representative sample of fatal injuries occurring during all hours of the day for each day of the week between June 2014 and December 2015. MEASUREMENTS The presence of alcohol and blood alcohol concentration (BAC) were the primary outcomes evaluated according to victims' socio-demographic, injury context data (type, day, time and injury place) and criminal history characteristics. FINDINGS Alcohol was detected in 30.1% [95% confidence interval (CI) = 25.6-35.1)] of the victims, with a mean blood alcohol level (BAC) level of 0.11% w/v (95% CI = 0.09-0.13) among alcohol-positive cases. Black and mixed race victims presented a higher mean BAC than white victims (P = 0.03). Fewer than one in every six suicides tested positive for alcohol, while almost half of traffic-related casualties were alcohol-positive. Having suffered traffic-related injuries, particularly those involving vehicle crashes, and injuries occurring during weekends and at night were associated significantly with alcohol use before injury (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Nearly one-third of fatal injuries in São Paulo between June 2014 and December 2015 were alcohol-related, with traffic accidents showing a greater association with alcohol use than other injuries. The sampling methodology tested here, including the possibility of adding injury context data to improve population-based estimates of alcohol use before fatal injury, appears to be a reliable and lower-cost strategy for avoiding biases common in death investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Andreuccetti
- University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil,Alcohol Research Group, Emeryville, California, United States of America,Correspondence author at: Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455, 01246-903, Sao Paulo, Brazil.,
| | - Vilma Leyton
- University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nikolas P. Lemos
- Forensic Laboratory Division, Office of the Chief Medical Examiner, San Francisco, California, United States of America,Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Ivan Dieb Miziara
- University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil,Technical-Scientific Police Superintendency of the State of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Yu Ye
- Alcohol Research Group, Emeryville, California, United States of America
| | | | | | - Arthur L. Reingold
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America
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Beard E, Brown J, West R, Angus C, Brennan A, Holmes J, Kaner E, Meier P, Michie S. Deconstructing the Alcohol Harm Paradox: A Population Based Survey of Adults in England. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0160666. [PMID: 27682619 PMCID: PMC5040414 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Alcohol Harm Paradox refers to observations that lower socioeconomic status (SES) groups consume less alcohol but experience more alcohol-related problems. However, SES is a complex concept and its observed relationship to social problems often depends on how it is measured and the demographic groups studied. Thus this study assessed socioeconomic patterning of alcohol consumption and related harm using multiple measures of SES and examined moderation of this patterning by gender and age. Method Data were used from the Alcohol Toolkit Study between March and September 2015 on 31,878 adults (16+) living in England. Participants completed the AUDIT which includes alcohol consumption, harm and dependence modules. SES was measured via qualifications, employment, home and car ownership, income and social-grade, plus a composite of these measures. The composite score was coded such that higher scores reflected greater social-disadvantage. Results We observed the Alcohol Harm Paradox for the composite SES measure, with a linear negative relationship between SES and AUDIT-Consumption scores (β = -0.036, p<0.001) and a positive relationship between lower SES and AUDIT-Harm (β = 0.022, p<0.001) and AUDIT-Dependence (β = 0.024, p<0.001) scores. Individual measures of SES displayed different, and non-linear, relationships with AUDIT modules. For example, social-grade and income had a u-shaped relationship with AUDIT-Consumption scores while education had an inverse u-shaped relationship. Almost all measures displayed an exponential relationship with AUDIT-Dependence and AUDIT-Harm scores. We identified moderating effects from age and gender, with AUDIT-Dependence scores increasing more steeply with lower SES in men and both AUDIT-Harm and AUDIT-Dependence scores increasing more steeply with lower SES in younger age groups. Conclusion Different SES measures appear to influence whether the Alcohol Harm Paradox is observed as a linear trend across SES groups or a phenomenon associated particularly with the most disadvantaged. The paradox also appears more concentrated in men and younger age groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Beard
- Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Jamie Brown
- Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Robert West
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Colin Angus
- ScHARR, School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Alan Brennan
- ScHARR, School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - John Holmes
- ScHARR, School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Eileen Kaner
- Institute of Health & Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle, United Kingdom
| | - Petra Meier
- ScHARR, School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Susan Michie
- Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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