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Jarnecke AM, Saraiya TC. Identifying best practices for substance-related intimate partner violence screening and referral: a narrative review. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1380102. [PMID: 38957738 PMCID: PMC11217329 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1380102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Substance use is strongly associated with intimate partner violence (IPV) and is a modifiable risk factor for IPV. However, lack of comprehensive screening and referral for co-occurring IPV and substance use, along with their psychiatric sequalae, limits the identification and implementation of effective interventions for substance-related IPV. This narrative review (1) investigates the literature on screening and referral practices for IPV, and if these include screening for substance use or other psychiatric comorbidities, (2) provides recommendations for current best practices, and (3) suggests future directions for research and practice aimed at identifying and reducing substance-related IPV. Methods A narrative literature review examined studies investigating IPV screening and referral programs in clinics. Selected studies were reviewed for: (1) effectiveness, (2) barriers to implementation and sustainability, and (3) responsivity to psychiatric comorbidity, including substance use and substance use disorders (SUD). Results Findings suggest that effective IPV screening and referral programs have been developed, but disparities in IPV screening exist and many programs only screen for IPV victimization. Barriers to the implementation and sustainability of IPV screening programs include lack of ongoing provider training, funding or institutional support, and direct connection to referral services. Further, many IPV screening programs lack assessment of and referral for comorbid psychiatric conditions, including substance use, and tend not to be routinely implemented in SUD clinics. Discussion Additional systematic work is needed to develop universal and comprehensive screening and referral programs for substance-related IPV and address issues of long-term sustainability, particularly within SUD treatment settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber M. Jarnecke
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Tanya C. Saraiya
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
- Center of Alcohol & Substance Use Studies, Rutgers University-New Brunswick, Piscataway, NJ, United States
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2
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Palmer ML, Keilholtz BM, Vail SL, Spencer CM. The relationship between emotional intimate partner violence and other forms of violence: A metaanalytic review. FAMILY PROCESS 2024. [PMID: 38506141 DOI: 10.1111/famp.12992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
The present study aimed to explore the relationship between emotional intimate partner violence (IPV) and different forms of violence (e.g., stalking perpetration and victimization, physical IPV perpetration and victimization, sexual IPV perpetration and victimization, and controlling behaviors) using a meta-analysis. Data from 188 studies, yielding 382 effect sizes, were used to compare the strength of correlates for IPV victimization versus perpetration, as well as gendered results. This meta-analysis found, in order of strength, controlling behaviors victimization, physical IPV victimization, physical IPV perpetration, sexual IPV victimization, stalking victimization, and sexual IPV perpetration were significantly associated with emotional IPV victimization. The meta-analysis also found, in order of strength, emotional IPV perpetration was positively associated with stalking perpetration, physical IPV perpetration, causing injury to a partner, controlling behaviors victimization, sexual IPV perpetration, physical IPV victimization, controlling behaviors perpetration, and sexual IPV victimization. This study found limited significant differences around gender, with physical IPV victimization approaching significance for emotional IPV perpetration for women. The current study highlights the implications associated with early assessment and intervention in cases of IPV.
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Hill AL, Keil MA, Chang JC, Krans EE, Kim E, Nostrand EV, Miller E, Pallatino C. Help-Seeking Among Pregnant and Postpartum Women With Lifetime Experiences of Opioid Use Disorder and Intimate Partner Violence. Violence Against Women 2024; 30:812-831. [PMID: 36437759 DOI: 10.1177/10778012221140134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
We performed content analysis using a qualitative descriptive approach of 15 semistructured interviews with pregnant and postpartum women who have experienced opioid use disorder (OUD) and intimate partner violence (IPV) regarding their experiences seeking help with both issues. Participants described that their partners impacted their ability to seek OUD care; seeking help for OUD and IPV was siloed; they felt more comfortable disclosing OUD than IPV; they perceived pregnancy as a barrier and facilitator to OUD care; and they wished for integrated services. Pregnant and postpartum women experiencing OUD and IPV acknowledged these phenomena intersect and identified a need for more comprehensive services.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Judy C Chang
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Elizabeth E Krans
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Esther Kim
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, USA
| | | | - Elizabeth Miller
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Sedgewick AE, Wang CL, Levine EA, Greenfield SF, Sugarman DE. Recovering Safety: A Pilot Study of a Women's Empowerment Group for Survivors of Intimate Partner Violence with Substance Use Disorders. ALCOHOLISM TREATMENT QUARTERLY 2023; 42:62-75. [PMID: 38370979 PMCID: PMC10871666 DOI: 10.1080/07347324.2023.2272799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
This pilot study examined the feasibility and satisfaction of the Recovering Safety group, an outpatient empowerment, psychoeducational skills group for women with substance use disorders (SUDs) who have experienced intimate partner violence (IPV). Patient satisfaction, empowerment, and safety were assessed at three time points. Participants (N=8) reported high satisfaction with the group and rated the IPV-informed content, women-only participants, and female therapist as important factors; empowerment increased from pre- to post group. These results support initial feasibility; further study of such treatments is needed to examine efficacy of this group intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda E. Sedgewick
- Division of Alcohol, Drugs, and Addiction and the Division of Women’s Mental Health McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Callie L. Wang
- Division of Alcohol, Drugs, and Addiction and the Division of Women’s Mental Health McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts
| | - Emily A. Levine
- Division of Alcohol, Drugs, and Addiction and the Division of Women’s Mental Health McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts
| | - Shelly F. Greenfield
- Division of Alcohol, Drugs, and Addiction and the Division of Women’s Mental Health McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Dawn E. Sugarman
- Division of Alcohol, Drugs, and Addiction and the Division of Women’s Mental Health McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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Olsavsky AK, Chirico I, Ali D, Christensen H, Boggs B, Svete L, Ketcham K, Hutchison K, Zeanah C, Tottenham N, Riggs P, Epperson CN. Maternal Childhood Maltreatment, Internal Working Models, and Perinatal Substance Use: Is There a Role for Hyperkatifeia? A Systematic Review. Subst Abuse 2023; 17:11782218231186371. [PMID: 37476500 PMCID: PMC10354827 DOI: 10.1177/11782218231186371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
The parent-infant relationship is critical for socioemotional development and is adversely impacted by perinatal substance use. This systematic review posits that the mechanisms underlying these risks to mother-infant relationships center on 3 primary processes: (1) mothers' childhood maltreatment experiences; (2) attachment styles and consequent internal working models of interpersonal relationships; and (3) perinatal substance use. Further, the review considers the role of hyperkatifeia, or hypersensitivity to negative affect which occurs when people with substance use disorders are not using substances, and which drives the negative reinforcement in addiction. The authors performed a systematic review of articles (published 2000-2022) related to these constructs and their impact on mother-infant relationships and offspring outcomes, including original clinical research articles addressing relationships between these constructs, and excluding case studies, reviews, non-human animal studies, intervention studies, studies with fewer than 30% female-sex participants, clinical guidelines, studies limited to obstetric outcomes, mechanistic/biological studies, and studies with methodological issues precluding interpretation. Overall 1844 articles were screened, 377 were selected for full text review, and data were extracted from 157 articles. Results revealed strong relationships between mothers' childhood maltreatment experiences, less optimal internal working models, and increased risk for perinatal substance use, and importantly, all of these predictors interacted with hyperkatifeia and exerted a marked impact on mother-infant relationships with less data available on offspring outcomes. These data strongly support the need for future studies addressing the additive impact of maternal childhood maltreatment experiences, suboptimal internal working models, and perinatal substance use, with hyperkatifeia as a potential moderator, and their interacting effects on mother-infant socioemotional outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aviva K. Olsavsky
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
- Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Isabella Chirico
- SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University College of Medicine, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Diab Ali
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Hannah Christensen
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
- Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Brianna Boggs
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
- Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Lillian Svete
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
- University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | | | - Kent Hutchison
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Charles Zeanah
- Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | | | - Paula Riggs
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
- Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
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Mehr JB, Bennett ER, Price JL, de Souza NL, Buckman JF, Wilde EA, Tate DF, Marshall AD, Dams-O'Connor K, Esopenko C. Intimate partner violence, substance use, and health comorbidities among women: A narrative review. Front Psychol 2023; 13:1028375. [PMID: 36778165 PMCID: PMC9912846 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1028375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to intimate partner violence (IPV), including physical, sexual, and psychological violence, aggression, and/or stalking, impacts overall health and can have lasting mental and physical health consequences. Substance misuse is common among individuals exposed to IPV, and IPV-exposed women (IPV-EW) are at-risk for transitioning from substance misuse to substance use disorder (SUD) and demonstrate greater SUD symptom severity; this too can have lasting mental and physical health consequences. Moreover, brain injury is highly prevalent in IPV-EW and is also associated with risk of substance misuse and SUD. Substance misuse, mental health diagnoses, and brain injury, which are highly comorbid, can increase risk of revictimization. Determining the interaction between these factors on the health outcomes and quality of life of IPV-EW remains a critical need. This narrative review uses a multidisciplinary perspective to foster further discussion and research in this area by examining how substance use patterns can cloud identification of and treatment for brain injury and IPV. We draw on past research and the knowledge of our multidisciplinary team of researchers to provide recommendations to facilitate access to resources and treatment strategies and highlight intervention strategies capable of addressing the varied and complex needs of IPV-EW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline B. Mehr
- School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers University – New Brunswick, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Esther R. Bennett
- School of Social Work, Rutgers University - New Brunswick, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Julianne L. Price
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, Rutgers University - New Brunswick, New Brunswick, NJ, United States,Center of Alcohol and Substance Use Studies, Graduate School of Applied and Professional Psychology, Rutgers University - New Brunswick, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Nicola L. de Souza
- School of Graduate Studies, Biomedical Sciences, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Newark, NJ, United States,Department of Rehabilitation and Movement Sciences, School of Health Professions, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Newark, NJ, United States,Department of Rehabilitation and Human Performance, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Jennifer F. Buckman
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, Rutgers University - New Brunswick, New Brunswick, NJ, United States,Center of Alcohol and Substance Use Studies, Graduate School of Applied and Professional Psychology, Rutgers University - New Brunswick, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Elisabeth A. Wilde
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States,George E. Wahlen, VA Salt Lake City Healthcare System, Research Care Line, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - David F. Tate
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States,George E. Wahlen, VA Salt Lake City Healthcare System, Research Care Line, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Amy D. Marshall
- Department of Psychology, College of the Liberal Arts, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, United States
| | - Kristen Dams-O'Connor
- Department of Rehabilitation and Human Performance, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States,Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Carrie Esopenko
- Department of Rehabilitation and Movement Sciences, School of Health Professions, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Newark, NJ, United States,Department of Rehabilitation and Human Performance, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States,*Correspondence: Carrie Esopenko,
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7
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O'Hara CA, Tan RKJ. Intimate partner violence before and during the COVID-19 lockdown: findings from a cross-sectional study in Singapore. Sex Health 2022; 19:192-201. [PMID: 35636747 DOI: 10.1071/sh21229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The coronavirus diseases 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic resulted in lockdowns worldwide, with reports suggesting a concomitant increase in the incidence of intimate partner violence (IPV). This study was part of the International Sexual and Reproductive Health (I-SHARE) Consortium, examining IPV and its correlates before and during lockdown in April 2020. METHODS This cross-sectional observational study, conducted online during August-September 2020, recruited 259 participants from Singapore who reported having a steady partner. Alongside socio-demographic data before and during COVID-19 lockdown, the respondents self-reported their encounters with partner violence. Partner violence was measured using an adapted six-item version of the WHO IPV scale. RESULTS Data revealed an incidence of 17.2%, 25.0%, 16.7%, 17.6%, 17.5% and 18.5% of restriction of contact with others, verbal abuse, restriction of access to finances, physical violence, pressured sex and forced sex, respectively, before COVID-19 lockdown. During lockdown, incidences of these forms of violence were 17.4%, 19.8%, 14.7%, 13.5%, 14.7% and 15.2%, respectively. Multivariable analyses showed that being younger, being non-heterosexual, and having more children and adolescents at home were significantly associated with partner violence both before and during lockdown. Analyses also revealed that being of Chinese ethnicity and having a monthly income above SGD3000 were not significantly correlated to partner violence before lockdown but emerged as significant during lockdown. CONCLUSIONS Some sociodemographic factors were associated with violence regardless of lockdown, while other factors were exacerbated by lockdown. Interventions should consider these key correlates of partner-based violence, ensuring adequate and appropriate support for vulnerable populations both within and outside of lockdown contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rayner Kay Jin Tan
- University of North Carolina Project-China, Guangzhou, China; and Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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D’Angelo DV, Bombard JM, Lee RD, Kortsmit K, Kapaya M, Fasula A. Prevalence of Experiencing Physical, Emotional, and Sexual Violence by a Current Intimate Partner during Pregnancy: Population-based Estimates from the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System. JOURNAL OF FAMILY VIOLENCE 2022; 38:117-126. [PMID: 37205924 PMCID: PMC10193455 DOI: 10.1007/s10896-022-00356-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Intimate partner violence (IPV) during pregnancy presents a risk for maternal mental health problems, preterm birth, and having a low birthweight infant. We assessed the prevalence of self-reported physical, emotional, and sexual violence during pregnancy by a current partner among women with a recent live birth. We analyzed data from the 2016-2018 Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System in six states to calculate weighted prevalence estimates and 95% confidence intervals for experiences of violence by demographic characteristics, health care utilization, and selected risk factors. Overall, 5.7% of women reported any type of violence during pregnancy. Emotional violence was most prevalent (5.4%), followed by physical violence (1.5%), and sexual violence (0.9%). Among women who reported any violence, 67.6% reported one type of violence, 26.5% reported two types, and 6.0% reported three types. Reporting any violence was highest among women using marijuana or illicit substances, experiencing pre-pregnancy physical violence, reporting depression, reporting an unwanted pregnancy, and experiencing relationship problems such as getting divorced, separated, or arguing frequently with their partner. There was no difference in report of discussions with prenatal care providers by experience of violence. The majority of women did not report experiencing violence, however among those who did emotional violence was most frequently reported. Assessment for IPV is important, and health care providers can play an important role in screening. Coordinated prevention efforts to reduce the occurrence of IPV and community-wide resources are needed to ensure that pregnant women receive needed services and protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise V. D’Angelo
- Division of Violence Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Hwy. NE, Mail stop S106-10, GA 30341 Atlanta, USA
| | - Jennifer M. Bombard
- Division of Reproductive Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Rosalyn D. Lee
- Division of Violence Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Hwy. NE, Mail stop S106-10, GA 30341 Atlanta, USA
| | - Katherine Kortsmit
- Division of Reproductive Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Martha Kapaya
- Division of Reproductive Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Amy Fasula
- Division of Reproductive Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Lausi G, Pizzo A, Cricenti C, Baldi M, Desiderio R, Giannini AM, Mari E. Intimate Partner Violence during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Review of the Phenomenon from Victims' and Help Professionals' Perspectives. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:6204. [PMID: 34201161 PMCID: PMC8227680 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18126204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Social isolation is considered one of the main risk factors leading to intimate partner violence episodes; this evidence also emerged during the application of stay-at-home policies to contain the COVID-19 pandemic. For this reason, we aimed to collect data on intimate partner violence over the last year, comparing data reported by victims with data collected by help professionals. In accordance with PRISMA guidelines, through keywords related to abuse, pandemic and containment measures, 3174 articles were identified for screening. After full-text reading and risk of bias analysis, 19 studies were included, and a thematic synthesis was conducted according to two categories: "studies with victims" and "studies with help professionals". The results of the present review showed that there were significant differences between the data provided by victims and the data collected by health care facilities and police departments; additionally, differences among different forms and severity of victimization emerged. The results have been discussed according to the literature; in particular, we reflected on how containment measures have apparently made it more difficult for victims to report, thus making the existence of the dark figure of crime even more salient.
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Intimate Partner Violence and Structural Violence in the Lives of Incarcerated Women: A Mixed-Method Study in Rural New Mexico. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18126185. [PMID: 34201033 PMCID: PMC8228824 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18126185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a common feature in the lives of incarcerated women returning to rural communities, enhancing their risk of mental ill-health, substance use, and recidivism. Women's experiences of IPV intersect with challenges across multiple social-ecological levels, including risky or criminalizing interpersonal relationships, geographic isolation, and persistent gender, racial, and economic inequities. We conducted quantitative surveys and qualitative interviews with 99 incarcerated women in New Mexico who were scheduled to return to micropolitan or non-core areas within 6 months. Quantitative and qualitative data were analyzed separately and then triangulated to identify convergences and divergences in data. The findings underscore how individual and interpersonal experiences of IPV, substance use, and psychological distress intersect with broad social inequities, such as poverty, lack of supportive resources, and reluctance to seek help due to experiences of discrimination. These results point to the need for a more proactive response to the mutually constitutive cycle of IPV, mental distress, incarceration, and structures of violence to improve reentry for women returning to rural communities. Policy and treatment must prioritize socioeconomic marginalization and expand community resources with attention to the needs of rural women of color.
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Tullio V, Lanzarone A, Scalici E, Vella M, Argo A, Zerbo S. Violence against women in heterosexual couples: A review of psychological and medico-legal considerations. MEDICINE, SCIENCE, AND THE LAW 2021; 61:113-124. [PMID: 33591871 DOI: 10.1177/0025802420936081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Intimate partner violence against women (IPVAW) is the most pervasive violation of women's rights worldwide, causing devastating lifelong damage. Victims can suffer physical, emotional or mental health problems, and experience detrimental effects in social, psychological and relational health with their families, especially children. Due to the complexity regarding violence against women in heterosexual couples, it is important to make a clear distinction between psychological and physical mistreatment, which also includes psychological violence. This differentiation is important in determining different emotional and psychological aspects of mistreatment in order to understand the reasons why some women stay in such relationships and to explain the personality profiles of victims and perpetrators. In this short narrative review, we have combined perspectives of depth psychology and attachment theory from studies on trauma, traumatic bonds and the perpetrator/victim complex in gender violence. We have also considered the growing literature on IPVAW as it relates to the medico-legal field. Our search strategy included intimate partner violence, attachment styles, risk factors and the victim/perpetrator relationship. Distinguishing the different types of IPVAW is a necessary step in understanding the complexity, causes, correlations and consequences of this issue. Above all, it enables the implementation of effective prevention and intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Tullio
- Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, Italy
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties - Medico Legal Section, University of Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonietta Lanzarone
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties - Medico Legal Section, University of Palermo, Italy
| | - Edoardo Scalici
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties - Medico Legal Section, University of Palermo, Italy
| | - Marco Vella
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Stomatological Disciplines, University of Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonina Argo
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties - Medico Legal Section, University of Palermo, Italy
| | - Stefania Zerbo
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties - Medico Legal Section, University of Palermo, Italy
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12
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Ahmadabadi Z, Najman JM, Williams GM, Clavarino AM. Income, Gender, and Forms of Intimate Partner Violence. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2020; 35:5500-5525. [PMID: 29294851 DOI: 10.1177/0886260517719541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Poverty and socioeconomic disadvantage place demands on intimate relationships and provide fertile ground for disagreements and conflicts. It is not known whether poverty also leads to intimate partner violence (IPV). This study investigates the association between income and forms of IPV victimization for both males and females. We also examine whether income inequalities are related to IPV and whether the gender balance of household income contributes to IPV victimization. Data are from a cohort of 2,401 young offspring (60.3% females) who participated at the 30-year follow-up of the Mater-University of Queensland Study of Pregnancy in Brisbane, Australia. Participants completed questionnaires including their income details and the Composite Abuse Scale. Within low-income families, both partners experience higher levels of IPV. Females' income is not independently related to experiencing IPV either for females or males. Females and males experience a higher rate of IPV when the husband earns a low income. When considering partners' relative income, families in which both partners earned a low income experienced higher levels of almost all forms of IPV. Income (im)balance in which females earn more or partners both have higher income was less often associated with the experience OF IPV IPV appears to be mutually experienced in the setting of the poverty. Objective economic hardship and scarcity create a context which facilitates IPV for both partners in a relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohre Ahmadabadi
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Herston, Australia
| | - Jackob M Najman
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Herston, Australia
- School of Social Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
| | - Gail M Williams
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Herston, Australia
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Haile YG, Kebede KB, Limenhe A, Habatmu K, Alem A. Alcohol use disorder among prisoners in Debre Berhan prison, Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study. SUBSTANCE ABUSE TREATMENT PREVENTION AND POLICY 2020; 15:26. [PMID: 32245385 PMCID: PMC7119076 DOI: 10.1186/s13011-020-00270-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies reported that history of alcohol use among prisoners is higher than the prevalence in the general population. Criminality is found to be associated with alcohol use disorder (AUD) in previous studies. In Ethiopia, there is limited information on the prevalence and associated factors of AUD among prisoners. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the prevalence and associated factors of AUD among prisoners of Debre Berhan Prison. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was conducted to assess history of AUD among prisoners at Debre Berhan Prison, before imprisonment. We selected 347 prisoners with a systematic sampling technique and interviewed using Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT) to screen for AUD in May 2017. Data entry was done using Epi-Data version 3.1 software, and bivariate and multivariate analyses were done using Stata version 13 software. Crude and adjusted odds ratios, with 95% confidence intervals and p-values are reported. RESULTS About six out of ten prisoners (59.1%) had AUD before imprisonment. Factors associated with increased odds of AUD were perception that the current offence is related to using substances (AOR = 4.2; 95% CI = 2.3, 7.8), and family history of substance use (AOR = 8.7; 95% CI = 1.7, 44.9). Being married had lower odds of AUD compared to the unmarried (AOR = 0.5; 95% CI = 0.2, 0.9). CONCLUSION We found that the prevalence of AUD 1 year before imprisonment in this population is high. AUD is found to be associated with a family history of substance use and perception that the current offence is related to using a substance. We recommend community-based study with different kind of study designs to see the relationship between AUD and crime for planning interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohannes Gebreegziabhere Haile
- Department of Nursing, Debre Berhan University, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia. .,Department of Psychiatry, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
| | | | - Asnake Limenhe
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Kassahun Habatmu
- School of Psychology, College of Education and Behavioral Studies, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Atalay Alem
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Gezinski LB, Gonzalez-Pons KM, Rogers MM. Substance Use as a Coping Mechanism for Survivors of Intimate Partner Violence: Implications for Safety and Service Accessibility. Violence Against Women 2019; 27:108-123. [PMID: 31662096 DOI: 10.1177/1077801219882496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study examined substance use disorder (SUD) and mental health (MH) among survivors of intimate partner violence, with data collected from 102 participants. Both survivors and service providers emphasized SUD and MH as top priorities and reported a high prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, anxiety, and low self-esteem coupled with increasing rates of heroin, methamphetamine, and pharmaceutical abuse. Emergent themes included (a) trauma impacts functioning, (b) substances as coping strategy, (c) weighing safety against need, (d) lacking SUD and MH services, and (e) need for comprehensive and culturally specific resources. Scarcity of funding demands cross-sector collaboration to support survivors.
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Arboit J, Padoin SMDM, Vieira LB. Violence against women in Primary Health Care: Potentialities and limitations to identification. Aten Primaria 2019; 52:14-21. [PMID: 31153667 PMCID: PMC6938983 DOI: 10.1016/j.aprim.2018.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To determine the potential and limitations of Primary Health Care professionals to identify situations of violence against women. Location A municipality of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Design Descriptive and exploratory study with a qualitative approach. Participants Twenty-one health professionals of three Family Health Strategy units, as well as one Basic Health Unit. The inclusion criterion consisted of being a health worker in these services. The exclusion criterion was to be absent from work by any kind type license during the period of data production. Method The technique used to produce data was individual, semi-structured, interviews in order to collect sociodemographic data and the monitoring by professionals related to the potentials and limitations to identify violence situations. The data collection was suspended based on the saturation criterion. The data were systematized and analyzed by the content analysis technique, according to the analytical categories of health care network and gender. Results The potential to identify themes were: professional experience, receptive atmosphere, bonding, and listening to the reports of women, children and/or neighbors and observing their behavior; to identify the lesions; prenatal consultations; and home visits. As to the limitations: silence, denial/non-recognition of violence, lack of complaints by women; fear and guilt; flaws and unpreparedness of the health team; and fear due to the presence of aggressor. Conclusions It is urgent to recognize the potential of Primary Care and to promote the qualification of professionals in order to identify the situation among visible and invisible complaints, leading to the confrontation of violence.
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Reasons for substance use continuation and discontinuation during pregnancy: A qualitative study. Women Birth 2019; 32:e57-e64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.wombi.2018.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Intimate partner violence and mental disorders: Co-occurrence and gender differences in a large cross-sectional population based study in Spain. J Affect Disord 2018; 229:69-78. [PMID: 29306695 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2017.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intimate partner violence (IPV) and mental disorders (MD) are important public health problems disproportionally affecting women. We aimed to study the epidemiology of IPV victimization, MD, and co-occurring IPV-MD in Spanish men and women in terms of i) prevalence, ii) association between IPV and MD, and iii) sociodemographic and clinical characteristics associated with IPV, MD, and co-occurring IPV-MD. METHODS Community-based cross-sectional study with 4507 randomly selected participants. Measurement instruments (Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview and set of validated questions about IPV during the last 12 months) were administered by trained interviewers in participants' households. Statistical analyses included multivariate logistic regression models. RESULTS The prevalence of IPV was 9.4%, of MD 22.3%, and of co-occurring MD-IPV 4.4%. MD was associated with higher odds of experiencing IPV (OR = 3.6; p < 0.05). Lack of social support, neuroticism, impulsivity, and family history of MD were associated with higher odds of IPV, MD, and co-occurring IPV-MD in men and women. Poor health status was associated with MD and with co-occurring IPV-MD in men and women. In women, not being married was associated with MD and with co-occurring IPV-MD; having a non-Spanish nationality was associated with IPV and co-occurring IPV-MD; and older age with IPV. In men, younger age was associated with MD. LIMITATIONS The cross-sectional nature of this study limited our ability to examine causal inferences. CONCLUSIONS MD and IPV are strongly associated. Although less frequently than in women, IPV in men is also associated with depression, post-traumatic and mood disorders, which has relevant implications for healthcare delivery.
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Gibbons CL, Holmes H, Bragg J, Neeman T. Asking the difficult questions: Building the capacity of community paediatricians to routinely enquire and respond to family violence. J Paediatr Child Health 2018; 54:234-237. [PMID: 28952197 DOI: 10.1111/jpc.13704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Revised: 08/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM To enhance the confidence and capacity of community paediatricians and paediatric trainees to identify and respond to family violence, through a series of education sessions and evidence-based recommendations. METHODS The action research methodology included a literature search to review the data on family violence education programmes and evidence-based family violence screening tools. Six education sessions were then developed and held for physicians at the Community Paediatric and Child Health Service (CPCHS). An audit was performed on the charts of all new referrals to the CPCHS for a period of 18 months prior to the education sessions and 5 months following the education sessions. A questionnaire was distributed at the first and final education sessions to gauge physician comfort with enquiry into family violence. RESULTS The documented rate of enquiry into family violence at CPCHS was 24% in the retrospective chart audit. Following the series of education sessions, the documented rate of enquiry increased to 60% (P < 0.05, odds ratio 4.7, confidence interval 2.7-8.4). The documented rate of disclosure of family violence also increased from 13% of all new patients in the retrospective chart audit to 24% in the prospective arm of the study (P < 0.05, odds ratio 2.1, confidence interval 1.0-4.0). Following the education sessions, all participants agreed that they routinely enquired about family violence and were comfortable enquiring about family violence. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that clinician education about family violence supports routine enquiry about family violence in community paediatric consultations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire L Gibbons
- Community Paediatric and Child Health Service, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Hilary Holmes
- Community Paediatric and Child Health Service, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Judith Bragg
- Community Paediatric and Child Health Service, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Teresa Neeman
- Community Paediatric and Child Health Service, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
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Ireland JL, Birch P, Kolstee J, Ritchie A. Partner abuse and its association with emotional distress: A study exploring LGBTI relationships. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LAW AND PSYCHIATRY 2017; 54:107-117. [PMID: 28679470 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijlp.2017.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Revised: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This study examines partner abuse in LBGTI relationships, with focus on the associations with emotional distress and protective factors. Two hundred and eighty-seven participants took part. Partner abuse (victimisation) comprised three factors; conflict orientated aggression; hostile ignorance and control of communication; and social control and possessiveness (including threats to possessions). Perpetration factors were similar. Significant differences across sexuality or gender were limited to the perpetration of abuse relating to suspicion and possessiveness, where men were more likely to report this than the other gender groups, and women were less likely to report this. Of those reporting abuse in their current relationship, over half reported experiencing abuse in a primary relationship previously, with 60% reporting exposure to abuse as a child. Partner abuse in their current relationship predicted current levels of increased emotional distress, with reduced satisfaction with the current relationship having an indirect impact on this association. Resilience traits were not a predictor or mediator. The results demonstrate the similarity in abuse across LGBTI communities despite the diversity of genders, sexualities and experiences within these groups. The results are discussed with regard to directions for future research and implications for practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane L Ireland
- Ashworth Research Centre, Mersey Care NHS Trust and University of Central Lancashire, UK.
| | - Philip Birch
- Charles Sturt University, Port Macquarie, Australia
| | | | - Alison Ritchie
- Ashworth Research Centre, Mersey Care NHS Trust and University of Central Lancashire, UK
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Mason R, Wolf M, O'Rinn S, Ene G. Making connections across silos: intimate partner violence, mental health, and substance use. BMC WOMENS HEALTH 2017; 17:29. [PMID: 28403851 PMCID: PMC5389007 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-017-0372-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Untold numbers of women worldwide are survivors of intimate partner violence (IPV) with a substantial number of these experiencing co-occurring mental health and substance use problems. Despite the complex interconnections among these problems, funding mechanisms and organizational structures and mandates have been designed to address just a single, focal problem. One of the challenges for frontline providers is the lack of effective, evidence-informed inter-professional education or training to help them identify and appropriately respond to co-occurring problems. We developed an evidence-informed, competency-based curriculum to address this gap. In this paper we report on its effectiveness in increasing knowledge, changing beliefs and enhancing skills of frontline workers from all three sectors. Methods The curriculum consists of multiple elements: a text manual; an interactive, online series of modules; and, an in-person workshop. Frontline workers (n = 1111) in the violence against women (VAW) (n = 499), mental health (n = 229), addiction treatment (n = 167), and associated sectors (n = 149) were recruited to attend the workshop and instructed to read the manual or complete the online modules before attending. Some failed to respond (n = 67). Online pre- and post-tests were used to assess changes in knowledge, beliefs and skills; evaluations of the workshop were also collected. Results Matched pre- and post-tests were available for over half of the participants (n = 624). Results show statistically significant improvements across all six competency domains from pre to post-test (p <0.0001). Significant changes in participants’ knowledge and stigmatizing beliefs were achieved. There was no correlation among differences in sector, age, size of organization, years of experience or prior training. Participant feedback made evident prior misconceptions about women experiencing co-occurring problems, improved understanding about the need to bridge silos, as well as the need for enhanced self-care. Conclusions An educational intervention designed to sensitize frontline workers to the realities of women’s experiences of co-occurring problems, educate about the challenges of accessing help when there are co-occurring problems, and bridge discipline and practice-based silos, can effectively challenge and alter providers’ negative attitudes and stigmatizing beliefs. Decreasing stigmatizing beliefs and increasing knowledge has the potential to help survivors access needed help. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12905-017-0372-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Mason
- Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, 76 Grenville Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 1B2, Canada. .,Dalla Lana School of Public Health and Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, 155 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5T 3 M7, Canada.
| | - Marni Wolf
- Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, 76 Grenville Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 1B2, Canada
| | - Susan O'Rinn
- Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, 76 Grenville Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 1B2, Canada
| | - Gabrielle Ene
- Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, 76 Grenville Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 1B2, Canada
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Wu J, Wu H, Wang J, Deng J, Gao X, Xu Y, Huang G, Huang J, Guo L, Lu C. Psychosocial Problems Syndemically Increase Adolescent Substance Use: Findings From a Cross-sectional Survey of 82,812 Chinese Adolescents. Medicine (Baltimore) 2015; 94:e2393. [PMID: 26717391 PMCID: PMC5291632 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000002393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A growing body of studies have indicated the associations between substance use and psychosocial problems in adolescents. However, few of them have examined whether these psychosocial problems form a syndemic, which means the co-occurrence of psychosocial problems accompanied by additional effects on substance use.We conducted a cross-sectional survey with 82,812 Chinese adolescents who were selected using a multistage random procedure. Bivariate associations were estimated between selected syndemic indicators and adolescent substance use. Multivariate logistic regression was used to estimate the association between the syndemic indicator count score (the count of syndemic indicators) and adolescent substance use. In addition, cluster analysis was used to partition participants reporting at least one of syndemic indicators to assess associations between resolved cluster memberships and adolescent substance use.All selected syndemic indicators were associated with each other and with adolescent substance use. As the number of syndemic indicators increases, stronger associations with substance use were found in our analysis: the range of adjusted OR was from 1.57 (95% CI: 1.38-1.79) for 1 syndemic indicator to 9.45 (95% CI: 7.60-11.76) for 5 or 6 syndemic indicators. There was no effect modification of gender on these additive associations. The multivariate logistic regression indicated that the cluster membership of nonlow SES academic failures has the highest odds of using substance (OR = 2.26, 95% CI: 2.12-2.41), compared to students reporting none syndemic indicators.Our findings support the syndemic hypothesis that adolescents bearing multiple psychosocial problems experience additive risks of using substance. Our findings support that a comprehensive approach to substance use prevention in adolescents would necessitate the involvement of a variety of providers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wu
- From the Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (JWu, HW, JWa, LG, CL); Department of Epidemiology, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles, CA (JWu); School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University (JWa); and Center for ADR Monitoring of Guangdong, Guangzhou, China (JD, XG, YX, GH, JH)
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Recent studies on mental health consequences of violence against women and girls were reviewed in a range of situations. RECENT FINDINGS Although several studies continued to show cross-sectional associations between child sexual abuse (CSA) and mental health outcomes, a few prospective studies showed a robust association between CSA and depression. Studies on the impact of dating violence are still at a nascent stage and focus on antecedents of violence rather than its consequences. Women at higher risk, such as adolescents, migrants, the homeless, and women in the perinatal period have been studied and specific vulnerabilities identified. Women reporting bidirectional violence had higher rates of depression and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Cumulative violence, severity of violence, and recent violence are associated with higher morbidity. Studies among women in conflict zones have emphasized the role of different forms of sexual and physical violence on mental health. SUMMARY Newer emerging areas that need more research include mental health consequences of women in conflict zones and among same sex relationships. There are also few studies on the violence experience of both older women and adolescents. The need to better delineate the psychopathology of complex manifestations of PTSD is underscored.
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