1
|
Zhang Y, Li D, Li X, Zhou X, Newman G. The integration of geographic methods and ecological momentary assessment in public health research: A systematic review of methods and applications. Soc Sci Med 2024; 354:117075. [PMID: 38959816 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2024.117075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
With the widespread prevalence of mobile devices, ecological momentary assessment (EMA) can be combined with geospatial data acquired through geographic techniques like global positioning system (GPS) and geographic information system. This technique enables the consideration of individuals' health and behavior outcomes of momentary exposures in spatial contexts, mostly referred to as "geographic ecological momentary assessment" or "geographically explicit EMA" (GEMA). However, the definition, scope, methods, and applications of GEMA remain unclear and unconsolidated. To fill this research gap, we conducted a systematic review to synthesize the methodological insights, identify common research interests and applications, and furnish recommendations for future GEMA studies. We followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines to systematically search peer-reviewed studies from six electronic databases in 2022. Screening and eligibility were conducted following inclusion criteria. The risk of bias assessment was performed, and narrative synthesis was presented for all studies. From the initial search of 957 publications, we identified 47 articles included in the review. In public health, GEMA was utilized to measure various outcomes, such as psychological health, physical and physiological health, substance use, social behavior, and physical activity. GEMA serves multiple research purposes: 1) enabling location-based EMA sampling, 2) quantifying participants' mobility patterns, 3) deriving exposure variables, 4) describing spatial patterns of outcome variables, and 5) performing data linkage or triangulation. GEMA has advanced traditional EMA sampling strategies and enabled location-based sampling by detecting location changes and specified geofences. Furthermore, advances in mobile technology have prompted considerations of additional sensor-based data in GEMA. Our results highlight the efficacy and feasibility of GEMA in public health research. Finally, we discuss sampling strategy, data privacy and confidentiality, measurement validity, mobile applications and technologies, and GPS accuracy and missing data in the context of current and future public health research that uses GEMA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhang
- Department of Landscape Architecture and Urban Planning, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
| | - Dongying Li
- Department of Landscape Architecture and Urban Planning, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- Department of Landscape Architecture and Urban Planning, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Xiaolu Zhou
- Department of Geography, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, Texas, USA
| | - Galen Newman
- Department of Landscape Architecture and Urban Planning, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kingsbury C, Buzzi M, Chaix B, Kanning M, Khezri S, Kiani B, Kirchner TR, Maurel A, Thierry B, Kestens Y. STROBE-GEMA: a STROBE extension for reporting of geographically explicit ecological momentary assessment studies. Arch Public Health 2024; 82:84. [PMID: 38867286 PMCID: PMC11170886 DOI: 10.1186/s13690-024-01310-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT While a growing body of research has been demonstrating how exposure to social and built environments relate to various health outcomes, specific pathways generally remain poorly understood. But recent technological advancements have enabled new study designs through continuous monitoring using mobile sensors and repeated questionnaires. Such geographically explicit momentary assessments (GEMA) make it possible to link momentary subjective states, behaviors, and physiological parameters to momentary environmental conditions, and can help uncover the pathways linking place to health. Despite its potential, there is currently no review of GEMA studies detailing how location data is used to measure environmental exposure, and how this in turn is linked to momentary outcomes of interest. Moreover, a lack of standard reporting of such studies hampers comparability and reproducibility. AIMS The objectives of this research were twofold: 1) conduct a systematic review of GEMA studies that link momentary measurement with environmental data obtained from geolocation data, and 2) develop a STROBE extension guideline for GEMA studies. METHOD The review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Inclusion criteria consisted of a combination of repeated momentary measurements of a health state or behavior with GPS coordinate collection, and use of these location data to derive momentary environmental exposures. To develop the guideline, the variables extracted for the systematic review were compared to elements of the STROBE (Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology) and CREMAS (CRedibility of Evidence from Multiple Analyses of the Same data) checklists, to provide a new guideline for GEMA studies. An international panel of experts participated in a consultation procedure to collectively develop the proposed checklist items. RESULTS AND DEVELOPED TOOLS: A total of 20 original GEMA studies were included in the review. Overall, several key pieces of information regarding the GEMA methods were either missing or reported heterogeneously. Our guideline provides a total of 27 categories (plus 4 subcategories), combining a total of 70 items. The 22 categories and 32 items from the original STROBE guideline have been integrated in our GEMA guideline. Eight categories and 6 items from the CREMAS guideline have been included to our guideline. We created one new category (namely "Consent") and added 32 new items specific to GEMA studies. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS This study offers a systematic review and a STROBE extension guideline for the reporting of GEMA studies. The latter will serve to standardize the reporting of GEMA studies, as well as facilitate the interpretation of results and their generalizability. In short, this work will help researchers and public health professionals to make the most of this method to advance our understanding of how environments influence health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Célia Kingsbury
- École de santé publique, Université de Montréal (ESPUM), 7101 Av. du Parc, Montréal, H3N 1X9, Québec, Canada.
- Centre de recherche de santé publique (CReSP), 7101, Av. du Parc, Montréal, H3N 1X9, Québec, Canada.
| | - Marie Buzzi
- Université de Lorraine, INSERM, INSPIIRE, Nancy, F-54000, France
| | - Basile Chaix
- Université de Sorbonne, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique IPLESP, Nemesis Team, Faculté de Médecine Saint-Antoine, 27 rue Chaligny, Paris, 75012, France
| | - Martina Kanning
- Department of Social and Health Sciences in Sport Science, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78464, Konstanz, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
| | - Sadun Khezri
- École de santé publique, Université de Montréal (ESPUM), 7101 Av. du Parc, Montréal, H3N 1X9, Québec, Canada
- Centre de recherche de santé publique (CReSP), 7101, Av. du Parc, Montréal, H3N 1X9, Québec, Canada
| | - Behzad Kiani
- Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Thomas R Kirchner
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, New York University School of Global Public Health, 726 Broadway, New York, NY, 10012, USA
- Center for Urban Science and Progress, New York University Tandon School of Engineering, 6 MetroTech Center, Brooklyn, NY, 11201, USA
| | - Allison Maurel
- École de santé publique, Université de Montréal (ESPUM), 7101 Av. du Parc, Montréal, H3N 1X9, Québec, Canada
- Centre de recherche de santé publique (CReSP), 7101, Av. du Parc, Montréal, H3N 1X9, Québec, Canada
| | - Benoît Thierry
- École de santé publique, Université de Montréal (ESPUM), 7101 Av. du Parc, Montréal, H3N 1X9, Québec, Canada
- Centre de recherche de santé publique (CReSP), 7101, Av. du Parc, Montréal, H3N 1X9, Québec, Canada
| | - Yan Kestens
- École de santé publique, Université de Montréal (ESPUM), 7101 Av. du Parc, Montréal, H3N 1X9, Québec, Canada
- Centre de recherche de santé publique (CReSP), 7101, Av. du Parc, Montréal, H3N 1X9, Québec, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Viera A, Ondrusek A, Tengatenga C, McBurney E, Lauckner J, Tran E, Muilenburg J, Kershaw T, Lauckner C. A Qualitative Exploration of Attitudes Toward Global Positioning System Tracking and Ecological Momentary Assessment Among Individuals in Substance Use Treatment. SUBSTANCE USE & ADDICTION JOURNAL 2024; 45:260-267. [PMID: 38258809 DOI: 10.1177/29767342231218514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of tracking technology in substance use research can uncover the role of contextual factors, such as social networks and environmental cues, in triggering cravings and precipitating return to use. Few studies have explored the opinions of individuals in substance use treatment related to tracking technology. METHODS We conducted 30 semi-structured interviews with individuals in substance use treatment facilities in Connecticut and Georgia. Interviews were not limited to individuals with any specific substance use disorder. Interviewers described a hypothetical study involving ecological momentary assessment and global positioning system tracking to examine place-based predictors of substance use. Participants were invited to share reactions to this description. We used thematic analysis to identify themes in participant perceptions of this hypothetical research study. RESULTS Most participants shared positive opinions about study participation and expressed little to no concern about the tracking components. Participant concerns focused on the security of their information and the potential burden of responding to study questions. Participants largely understood the importance of study participation for promoting greater understanding of substance use and identified potential therapeutic effects of study participation on their own recovery. CONCLUSIONS Individuals in substance use treatment expressed little concern with research studies or interventions incorporating mobile-tracking elements. Future studies should explore the responsible use of tracking elements in recovery support interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adam Viera
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ashlin Ondrusek
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Cecil Tengatenga
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Erin McBurney
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - John Lauckner
- Substance Use Research Priority Area, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Emma Tran
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jessica Muilenburg
- Department of Health Promotion and Behavior, University of Georgia College of Public Health, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Trace Kershaw
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Carolyn Lauckner
- Department of Behavioral Science, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Su L, Zhou S, Song J, Zhao H. Inside and outside the neighborhood: Short-term and long-term subjective well-being by geographical context. Health Place 2023; 83:103086. [PMID: 37487257 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2023.103086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
The value of linking urban environment and subjective well-being (SWB) is now well recognized. But whether the geographical context inside and outside the neighborhood has differential influence on long- and short-term SWB remains unclear. Based on the activity perspective, we used survey data from Guangzhou, China, integrating GPS data, portable environmental sensors data to analyze time-weighted and real-time geographical context inside and outside the neighborhood on long- and short-term SWB. The results show that SWB is not only influenced by the neighborhood environment, but also the geographical context outside the neighborhood. Time-weighted geographical environment inside the neighborhood has a higher impact and explanatory ability on long-term SWB, while real-time geographical environment outside the neighborhood has a higher impact and explanatory ability on short-term SWB. This study provides a new understanding for geographies of SWB through the extension of time and space, and also provides reference for more refined urban planning and governance in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Su
- Key Research Institute of Yellow River Civilization and Sustainable Development & Collaborative Innovation Center on Yellow River Civilization, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Suhong Zhou
- School of Geography and Planning, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Public Security and Disaster, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Jie Song
- Institute of Geographical Science, Taiyuan Normal University, China
| | - Hongbo Zhao
- Key Research Institute of Yellow River Civilization and Sustainable Development & Collaborative Innovation Center on Yellow River Civilization, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhang L, Zhou S, Kwan MP. The temporality of geographic contexts: Individual environmental exposure has time-related effects on mood. Health Place 2023; 79:102953. [PMID: 36512953 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2022.102953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Research on environmental exposure and its impacts on people's mood has attracted increasing attention. Most studies focus on the spatiality of geographic contexts, but they neglect the influence of temporality in the relationships between environments and mood. To this end, a survey was conducted in January 2019 in Guangzhou, China, and measured data (micro-environments, built environments, EMA records, GPS trajectories, and activity logs) covering a weekday were collected from 125 participants. Then, multiple linear regression models are employed to examine and compare the associations between environments and mood based on three possible types of temporal responses (cumulative response, momentary response, and time-lagged response). The results indicate that there are great differences in environmental mood effects based on different types of temporal responses. Specifically, (i) for three types of temporal responses, exposure to PM2.5 and noise have mood-blunting effects, whereas exposure to green spaces has mood-augmenting effects. (ii) For two types of temporal responses, higher temperature (in winter) may positively influence individual mood based on cumulative and time-lagged response, and higher POI density can positively affect mood based on cumulative and momentary response. (iii) Relative humidity may not have time-related effects on mood. Although all three types of temporal responses are observed in this study, the most significant manifestation is momentary response. These findings not only enrich theoretical research on environmental mood effects and temporality, but also inform the practice of more refined and humanistic urban planning, environmental governance, and public services.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhang
- Institute of Studies for the Greater Bay Area (Guangdong, Hong Kong, Macau), Guangdong University of Foreign Studies, Guangzhou, China
| | - Suhong Zhou
- School of Geography and Planning, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Public Security and Disaster, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Mei-Po Kwan
- Department of Geography and Resource Management and Institute of Space and Earth Information Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Yang J, Kuo J, Su WC, Jorenby DE, Piper ME, Buu A. A new statistical model for longitudinal ecological momentary assessment data on dual use of electronic and combustible cigarettes. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DRUG AND ALCOHOL ABUSE 2022; 48:529-537. [PMID: 35100512 PMCID: PMC10201566 DOI: 10.1080/00952990.2022.2027955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Background: Existing studies of dual use of electronic and combustible cigarettes either collected longitudinal data with long gaps in between waves or conducted ecological momentary assessment (EMA) over a short period of time. In recent years, the measurement burst design that embeds an EMA protocol in each wave assessment of a traditional longitudinal study has become more popular and yet conventional generalized linear mixed models (GLMM) have important limitations for handling data from this design.Objectives: This study proposed a new statistical method to analyze data from the measurement burst design.Methods: This new statistical method was designed to model the short-term (within-wave) as well as long-term (between-wave) changes and was validated by a simulation study. Secondary analysis was conducted to analyze data from 205 dual users (52% male) and 146 exclusive smokers (50% male) who participated in a recent study using the measurement burst design.Results: The simulation study shows that the proposed method can handle the gap between waves well and is also robust to nonlinear changes across waves. Although no short-term change in smoking was found, dual users reported a long-term reduction in cigarette use that was more rapid compared to exclusive smokers (β ˆ = - 0.0127 , p = .0167 ). Vaping more was associated with smoking less (β ˆ = - 0.0058 , p = .0054 ).Conclusion: The proposed method is highly applicable as it can be easily implemented by substance use researchers and the results can be straightforwardly interpreted. The results suggest that e-cigarette use may play a role in promoting a long-term reduction in smoking among dual users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James Yang
- Department of Biostatistics & Data Science, University of Texas Health Science Center, 1200 Pressler St., Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jacky Kuo
- Department of Biostatistics & Data Science, University of Texas Health Science Center, 1200 Pressler St., Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Wei-Chung Su
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics & Environmental Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center, 1200 Pressler St., Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Douglas E. Jorenby
- Center for Tobacco Research & Intervention, University of Wisconsin, 1930 Monroe Street, Suite 200, Madison, WI 53711, USA
| | - Megan E. Piper
- Center for Tobacco Research & Intervention, University of Wisconsin, 1930 Monroe Street, Suite 200, Madison, WI 53711, USA
| | - Anne Buu
- Department of Health Promotion and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center, 7000 Fannin St., Houston, TX 77030, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kanning M, Yi L, Yang CH, Niermann C, Fina S. Mental health in urban environments: Uncovering the black box of person-place interactions requires interdisciplinary approaches (Preprint). JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2022; 11:e41345. [PMID: 37166963 DOI: 10.2196/41345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Living in urban environments affects individuals' mental health through different pathways. For instance, physical activity and social participation are seen as mediators. However, aiming to understand underlying mechanisms, it is necessary to consider that the individual is interacting with its environment. In this regard, this viewpoint discusses how urban health research benefits from integration of socioecological and interdisciplinary perspectives, combined with innovative ambulatory data assessments that enable researchers to integrate different data sources. It is stated that neither focusing on the objective and accurate assessment of the environment (from the perspective of spatial sciences) nor focusing on subjectively measured individual variables (from the public health as well as a psychosocial perspective) alone is suitable to further develop the field. Addressing person-place interactions requires an interdisciplinary view on the level of theory (eg, which variables should be focused on?), assessment methods (eg, combination of time-varying objective and subjective measures), as well as data analysis and interpretation. Firstly, this viewpoint gives an overview on previous findings addressing the relationship of environmental characteristics to physical activity and mental health outcomes. We emphasize the need for approaches that allow us to appropriately assess the real-time interaction between a person and a specific environment and examine within-subject associations. This requires the assessment of environmental features, the spatial-temporal behavior of the individual, and the subjective experiences of the situation together with other individual factors, such as momentary affective states. Therefore, we finally focused on triggered study designs as an innovative ambulatory data assessment approach that allows us to capture real-time data in predefined situations (eg, while walking through a specific urban area).
Collapse
|
8
|
Kowitt SD, Lipperman-Kreda S. How Is Exposure to Tobacco Outlets Within Activity Spaces Associated With Daily Tobacco Use Among Youth? A Mediation Analysis. Nicotine Tob Res 2020; 22:958-966. [PMID: 31123755 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntz088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We investigated associations between exposure to tobacco outlets within activity spaces and daily tobacco use, and whether exposure to adults or peers using tobacco mediate these relationships. METHODS We used Geographic Ecological Momentary Assessment data over 14 days from 85 youth aged 16-20 years in eight mid-sized California city areas. Tobacco outlet addresses and global positioning systems locations were geocoded and activity spaces were constructed by joining sequential points. We assessed daily number of tobacco outlets within 50 or 100 m of activity space polylines and number of minutes participants were within 50 or 100 m of tobacco outlets each day; daily use of tobacco; and whether participants saw (1) adults and (2) people their age (peers) using tobacco each day. RESULTS Controlling for demographics, results of multilevel structural equation models showed no association between number of tobacco outlets within 50 m of polylines and tobacco use (probit regression coefficient: 0.01, p = .82). However, we found evidence of an indirect effect (p = .001) through daily exposure to peers using tobacco. Specifically, greater number of tobacco outlets within 50 m of polylines was positively associated with seeing peers use tobacco (probit regression coefficient: 0.10, p < .001). In turn, seeing peers use tobacco was positively associated with tobacco use on that day (probit regression coefficient: 2.23, p < .001). Similar results were found for number of tobacco outlets within 100 m of polylines. CONCLUSIONS Exposure to tobacco outlets within activity spaces affects youth tobacco use through daily exposure to peers who use tobacco. IMPLICATIONS Using real-time-ordered data, this article examines whether exposure to adults and peers using tobacco mediate associations between exposure to tobacco outlets within activity spaces and daily tobacco use among youth. Results suggest that exposure to tobacco outlets within activity spaces affects daily tobacco use through exposure to peers who use tobacco. These findings provide additional significant support for policy makers who are considering regulating the number and density of tobacco retailers and point to the importance of interventions focused on peer tobacco use and youths' daily environments to reduce tobacco use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah D Kowitt
- Department of Family Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Russell MA, Gajos JM. Annual Research Review: Ecological momentary assessment studies in child psychology and psychiatry. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2020; 61:376-394. [PMID: 31997358 PMCID: PMC8428969 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Enhancements in mobile phone technology allow the study of children and adolescents' everyday lives like never before. Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) uses these advancements to allow in-depth measurements of links between context, behavior, and physiology in youths' everyday lives. FINDINGS A large and diverse literature now exists on using EMA to study mental and behavioral health among youth. Modern EMA methods are built on a rich tradition of idiographic inquiry focused on the intensive study of individuals. Studies of child and adolescent mental and behavioral health have used EMA to characterize lived experience, document naturalistic within-person processes and individual differences in these processes, measure familiar constructs in novel ways, and examine temporal order and dynamics in youths' everyday lives. CONCLUSIONS Ecological momentary assessment is feasible and reliable for studying the daily lives of youth. EMA can inform the development and augmentation of traditional and momentary intervention. Continued research and technological development in mobile intervention design and implementation, EMA-sensor integration, and complex real-time data analysis are needed to realize the potential of just-in-time adaptive intervention, which may allow researchers to reach high-risk youth with intervention content when and where it is needed most.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jamie M. Gajos
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, University of Alabama
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Smith KE, Mason TB, Juarascio A, Schaefer LM, Crosby RD, Engel SG, Wonderlich SA. Moving beyond self-report data collection in the natural environment: A review of the past and future directions for ambulatory assessment in eating disorders. Int J Eat Disord 2019; 52:1157-1175. [PMID: 31313348 PMCID: PMC6942694 DOI: 10.1002/eat.23124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In recent years, ecological momentary assessment (EMA) has been used to repeatedly assess eating disorder (ED) symptoms in naturalistic settings, which has allowed for increased understanding of temporal processes that potentiate ED behaviors. However, there remain notable limitations of self-report EMA, and with the rapid proliferation of technology there are ever-increasing possibilities to improve ambulatory assessment methods to further the understanding and treatment of EDs. Therefore, the purpose of this review was to (a) systematically review the studies in EDs that have utilized ambulatory assessment methods other than self-report, and (b) provide directions for future research and clinical applications. METHOD A systematic literature search of electronic databases was conducted, and data regarding study characteristics and methodological quality were extracted. RESULTS The search identified 17 studies that used ambulatory assessment methods to gather objective data, and focused primarily on autonomic functioning, physical activity, and cognitive processes in ED and control groups. DISCUSSION Together the literature demonstrates the promise of using a range of ecologically valid ambulatory assessment approaches in EDs, though there remains limited research that has utilized methods other than self-report (e.g., wearable sensors), particularly in recent years. Going forward, there are several technology-enhanced momentary assessment methods that have potential to improve the understanding and treatment of EDs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn E. Smith
- Center for Bio-behavioral Research, Sanford Research, Fargo, North Dakota,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Fargo, North Dakota
| | - Tyler B. Mason
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | | | - Lauren M. Schaefer
- Center for Bio-behavioral Research, Sanford Research, Fargo, North Dakota
| | - Ross D. Crosby
- Center for Bio-behavioral Research, Sanford Research, Fargo, North Dakota,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Fargo, North Dakota
| | - Scott G. Engel
- Center for Bio-behavioral Research, Sanford Research, Fargo, North Dakota,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Fargo, North Dakota
| | - Stephen A. Wonderlich
- Center for Bio-behavioral Research, Sanford Research, Fargo, North Dakota,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Fargo, North Dakota
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Boettner B, Browning CR, Calder CA. Feasibility and Validity of Geographically Explicit Ecological Momentary Assessment With Recall-Aided Space-Time Budgets. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE 2019; 29:627-645. [PMID: 31573764 PMCID: PMC6774631 DOI: 10.1111/jora.12474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We employ data from the Adolescent Health and Development in Context Study-a representative sample of urban youth ages 11-17 in and around the Columbus, OH area-to investigate the feasibility and validity of smartphone-based geographically explicit ecological momentary assessment (GEMA). Age, race, household income, familiarity with smartphones, and self-control were associated with missing global positioning systems (GPS) coverage, whereas school day was associated with discordance between percent of time at home based on GPS-only versus recall-aided space-time budget data. Fatigue from protocol compliance increases missing GPS across the week, which results in more discordance. Although some systematic differences were observed, these findings offer evidence that smartphone-based GEMA is a viable method for the collection of activity space data on urban youth.
Collapse
|
12
|
Geographic Imputation of Missing Activity Space Data from Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) GPS Positions. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15122740. [PMID: 30518164 PMCID: PMC6313622 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15122740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This research presents a pilot study to develop and compare methods of geographic imputation for estimating the location of missing activity space data collected using geographic ecological momentary assessment (GEMA). As a demonstration, we use data from a previously published analysis of the effect of neighborhood disadvantage, captured at the U.S. Census Bureau tract level, on momentary psychological stress among a sample of 137 urban adolescents. We investigate the impact of listwise deletion on model results and test two geographic imputation techniques adapted for activity space data from hot deck and centroid imputation approaches. Our results indicate that listwise deletion can bias estimates of place effects on health, and that these impacts are mitigated by the use of geographic imputation, particularly regarding inflation of the standard errors. These geographic imputation techniques may be extended in future research by incorporating approaches from the non-spatial imputation literature as well as from conventional geographic imputation and spatial interpolation research that focus on non-activity space data.
Collapse
|
13
|
Combining ecological momentary assessment with objective, ambulatory measures of behavior and physiology in substance-use research. Addict Behav 2018; 83:5-17. [PMID: 29174666 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2017.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Whereas substance-use researchers have long combined self-report with objective measures of behavior and physiology inside the laboratory, developments in mobile/wearable electronic technology are increasingly allowing for the collection of both subjective and objective information in participants' daily lives. For self-report, ecological momentary assessment (EMA), as implemented on contemporary smartphones or personal digital assistants, can provide researchers with near-real-time information on participants' behavior and mood in their natural environments. Data from portable/wearable electronic sensors measuring participants' internal and external environments can be combined with EMA (e.g., by timestamps recorded on questionnaires) to provide objective information useful in determining the momentary context of behavior and mood and/or validating participants' self-reports. Here, we review three objective ambulatory monitoring techniques that have been combined with EMA, with a focus on detecting drug use and/or measuring the behavioral or physiological correlates of mental events (i.e., emotions, cognitions): (1) collection and processing of biological samples in the field to measure drug use or participants' physiological activity (e.g., hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity); (2) global positioning system (GPS) location information to link environmental characteristics (disorder/disadvantage, retail drug outlets) to drug use and affect; (3) ambulatory electronic physiological monitoring (e.g., electrocardiography) to detect drug use and mental events, as advances in machine learning algorithms make it possible to distinguish target changes from confounds (e.g., physical activity). Finally, we consider several other mobile/wearable technologies that hold promise to be combined with EMA, as well as potential challenges faced by researchers working with multiple mobile/wearable technologies simultaneously in the field.
Collapse
|
14
|
Mennis J, Mason M, Ambrus A. Urban Greenspace is Associated with Reduced Psychological Stress among Adolescents: A Geographic Ecological Momentary Assessment (GEMA) Analysis of Activity Space. LANDSCAPE AND URBAN PLANNING 2018; 174:1-9. [PMID: 29576668 PMCID: PMC5863919 DOI: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2018.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the momentary association between urban greenspace, captured using Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) derived from Landsat imagery, and psychological stress, captured using Geographic Ecological Momentary Assessment (GEMA), in the activity spaces of a sample of primarily African American adolescents residing in Richmond, Virginia. We employ generalized estimating equations (GEE) to estimate the effect of exposure to urban greenspace on stress and test for moderation by sex, emotional dysregulation, season, neighborhood disadvantage, and whether the observation occurs at home or elsewhere. Results indicate that urban greenspace is associated with lower stress when subjects are away from home, which we speculate is due to the properties of stress reduction and attention restoration associated with exposure to natural areas, and to the primacy of other family dynamics mechanisms of stress within the home. Subjects may also seek out urban greenspaces at times of lower stress or explicitly for purposes of stress reduction. The greenspace-stress association away from home did not differ by sex, emotional dysregulation, neighborhood disadvantage, or season, the latter of which suggests that the observed greenspace-stress relationship is associated with being in a natural environment rather than strictly exposure to abundant green vegetation. Given the association of urban greenspace with lower stress found here and in other studies, future research should address the mediated pathways between greenspace, stress, and stress-related negative health outcomes for different population subgroups as a means toward understanding and addressing health disparities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Mennis
- Temple University, Department of Geography and Urban Studies, 1115 W. Polett Walk, 309 Gladfelter Hall, Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA
| | - Michael Mason
- University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Center for Behavioral Research, College of Social Work, 201 Henson Hall, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Andreea Ambrus
- Temple University, Department of Geography and Urban Studies, 1115 W. Polett Walk, 309 Gladfelter Hall, Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA
| |
Collapse
|