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Crittendon DR, Brecher AC, Okere S, Hass R, Frasso R, Brawer R, Zeigler-Johnson C. Perceptions of Smoking Stigma Among African Americans: A Qualitative Study. Nicotine Tob Res 2024:ntae127. [PMID: 39009350 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntae127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION African Americans/Blacks (AAB) are at increased risk for morbidity and mortality from smoking-related diseases including lung cancer (LC). Smoking stigma is believed to be a primary barrier to health care-seeking for people who smoke. Previous studies illustrate that perceptions of smoking vary across populations. However, little is known about the prevalence of smoking stigmas among AAB. The purpose of this study was to increase understanding of the perception of cigarette smoking by AAB. AIMS AND METHODS We conducted free-listing interviews in which individuals listed all-thoughts and feelings regarding smoking and health-related questions with a convenience sample of eligible AAB adults (n = 58) in the Philadelphia region. Additionally, we collected participant self-reported demographic data. Data were cleaned and the salience of each term was computed using Anthropac. Graphical methods were then used to determine salient responses across groups stratified by gender, age, education, and smoking status. RESULTS The sample had a median age of 51 years and was 67.2% female. Most participants had completed college (58.6%) and had never smoked (74.1%). Regarding their perceptions of people who smoke cigarettes, results showed that "smelly," "health hazard," and "judgment" were the most salient terms among all-participants. Overall, "smelly" and "unhealthy" were salient for both males and females. However, "dental," "dirty," "addictive," and "habit" were also salient among males. Phrases such as "unhealthy" and "addictive" were primarily salient for older participants (>51 years) versus "smelly" for younger participants. The term "smelly" was salient among all-education levels. However, "unhealthy" was also salient among those with less than a 4-year college degree. Moreover, the terms "smelly" and "annoying" were most common among people who smoke as opposed to "health hazard" among people who don't smoke. CONCLUSIONS We observed that the most stigmatizing language was primarily associated with perceptions of negative social interactions, social judgment, and health-related concerns. Future studies are needed to explore how smoking-related stigmas impact patient adherence to smoking cessation programs and LC screening protocols. IMPLICATIONS Little is known about the prevalence of smoking stigmas among AAB. This study explores the AAB perspective of cigarette smoking and related stigmas. Among AAB, smoking is represented by stigmatizing language across gender, age groups, and smoking history. It is primarily associated with negative social interactions, social judgement, and health-related concerns indicating that smoking stigma is a concern for AAB individuals who smoke. Further research is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denine R Crittendon
- College of Population Health, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Samantha Okere
- Sidney Kimmel College of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Richard Hass
- College of Population Health, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rosemary Frasso
- College of Population Health, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rickie Brawer
- College of Population Health, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Charnita Zeigler-Johnson
- College of Population Health, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Wang Y, Yan Q, Fan C, Mo Y, Wang Y, Li X, Liao Q, Guo C, Li G, Zeng Z, Xiong W, Huang H. Overview and countermeasures of cancer burden in China. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2023; 66:2515-2526. [PMID: 37071289 PMCID: PMC10111086 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-022-2240-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of human death worldwide. Treatment of cancer exhausts significant medical resources, and the morbidity and mortality caused by cancer is a huge social burden. Cancer has therefore become a serious economic and social problem shared globally. As an increasingly prevalent disease in China, cancer is a huge challenge for the country's healthcare system. Based on recent data published in the Journal of the National Cancer Center on cancer incidence and mortality in China in 2016, we analyzed the current trends in cancer incidence and changes in cancer mortality and survival rate in China. And also, we examined several key risk factors for cancer pathogenesis and discussed potential countermeasures for cancer prevention and treatment in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yian Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Qijia Yan
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Chunmei Fan
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Yongzhen Mo
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Yumin Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Xiayu Li
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Qianjin Liao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Can Guo
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Guiyuan Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Zhaoyang Zeng
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China.
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China.
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China.
| | - He Huang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China.
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China.
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China.
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Land SR, Baker L, Twesten J, Reyes-Guzman CM, Kaufman AR. Smoking Cessation and Tobacco-related Risk Perceptions among People with and without a Diagnosis of Cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2023; 32:266-273. [PMID: 36480285 PMCID: PMC9905258 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-22-0651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about how cancer diagnosis and tobacco-related risk perceptions are associated with smoking behavior. METHODS We used data from Waves (W) 1-3 (2013-2016) of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study to analyze longitudinal smoking behavior among adults who were current smokers and not previously diagnosed with cancer at baseline (W1; N = 7,829). The outcome was smoking cessation as of follow-up (W3). Explanatory variables were sociodemographics, other tobacco product use, adult at first cigarette, tobacco dependence, cancer diagnosis after baseline, and tobacco-related risk perceptions [cigarette harm perception, worry that tobacco products will damage one's health ("worry"), belief that smoking causes cancer ("belief"), and nondaily smoking harm perception]. RESULTS Cessation was significantly associated with baseline worry (OR = 1.26; 95% confidence interval, 1.13-1.40), follow-up cigarette harm perception [OR = 2.01 (1.77-2.29)], and follow-up belief [OR = 1.40 (1.20-1.63)]. Cessation was inversely associated with follow-up (W3) worry, and this association was stronger among those without a cancer diagnosis (OR = 0.37 without cancer; OR = 0.76 among individuals diagnosed with cancer; interaction P = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Cessation is associated with tobacco-related risk perceptions, with different perceptions contributing in unique ways. Cessation is predicted by baseline worry but is inversely associated with worry at follow-up, suggesting that perhaps cessation has alleviated worry. The latter finding was stronger among respondents not diagnosed with cancer. IMPACT Associations between cancer diagnosis, tobacco-related risk perceptions, and smoking behavior may inform the development of evidence-based smoking cessation interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura Baker
- The Bizzell Group, LLC, New Carrollton, Maryland
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Sax JK, Doran N. Evaluation of Risk Perception of Smoking after the Implementation of California's Tobacco 21 Law. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:16971. [PMID: 36554853 PMCID: PMC9779434 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192416971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Decreasing smoking initiation remains a public health priority. In 2016, California, in the United States, enacted the Tobacco 21 law, which raised the minimum age for the purchase of tobacco products from age 18 to age 21. This paper evaluates whether the enactment and implementation of the Tobacco 21 law changed how young adults perceive the risk(s) of smoking. Data were drawn from a cohort of emerging adults (n = 575) in California who were non-daily smokers at enrollment and followed quarterly for 3 years. Data were collected during 2015-2019. Piecewise multilevel regression models were used to test for changes in smoking status and perceived risks of cigarettes after Tobacco 21 enforcement began. Findings indicated that the prevalence of current smoking and perceived risks of smoking both declined following Tobacco 21 implementation (ps < 0.001). Post-hoc analyses suggested that post-implementation changes in perceived risk occurred primarily among ongoing smokers. Findings suggest that Tobacco 21 and associated public health measures have been effective, but additional research is needed to disentangle the effects of specific components. Understanding the impact and efficacy of tobacco laws provides great social value to research and implement policies that create intervention(s) on reducing tobacco use initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna K. Sax
- California Western School of Law, 225 Cedar St., San Diego, CA 92101, USA
| | - Neal Doran
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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Miura SST, Bernat D, Reid KM, Macdonald M, Porter L, Choi K. Current Tobacco Use Trends and Harm Perceptions Among High School Students by Asthma Status and Sex, 2012-2018. THE JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH 2022; 92:521-529. [PMID: 35266149 PMCID: PMC9869457 DOI: 10.1111/josh.13180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tobacco use is known to worsen asthma management. No studies have investigated how trends in youth tobacco use and related harm perceptions vary by asthma status and sex. This study examined these trends among Florida high school students during 2012-2018. METHODS Data from the 2012, 2014, 2016, and 2018 Florida Youth Tobacco Survey were analyzed. Public high school students (grades 9-12) with known asthma status were included along with their current tobacco product use, tobacco product harm perceptions, and demographics. Weighted multivariable logistic regression was used to assess trends in tobacco product use and harm perceptions and test differences by asthma status and sex. RESULTS From 2012 to 2018, high school students with asthma had the slowest decline in cigarette and cigar use prevalence (asthma status-time interaction p = .01) compared to those with no asthma. Cigarette and cigar smoking were perceived as less harmful over time, except among females with asthma who smoked cigarettes (p < .05). CONCLUSIONS Those with asthma showed a slower decline and were more likely to smoke cigarettes. Results indicate that further public health efforts are needed to address tobacco use among high school students with asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Selica T Miura
- Department of Epidemiology, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, 950 New Hampshire Ave, NW, 5th Floor, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
| | - Debra Bernat
- Department of Epidemiology, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, 950 New Hampshire Ave, NW, 5th Floor, Washington, DC, 20052., USA
| | - Keshia M Reid
- Public Health Research Unit, Division of Community Health Promotion, Florida Department of Health, 4052 Bald Cypress Way, Bin A24, Tallahassee, FL, 32399-1712, USA
| | - Megan Macdonald
- Division of Children's Medical Services, Florida Department of Health, 4052 Bald Cypress, Bin A06, Tallahassee, FL, 32399-1712, USA
| | - Lauren Porter
- Public Health Research, Division of Community Health Promotion, Florida Department of Health, 4052 Bald Cypress Way, Bin A24, Tallahassee, FL, 32399-1712, USA
| | - Kelvin Choi
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, 9000 Rockville Pike, Building 3 Room 5W05, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
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Awareness, use and perceptions of cigarillos, heated tobacco products and nicotine pouches: A survey among Dutch adolescents and adults. Drug Alcohol Depend 2021; 229:109136. [PMID: 34763136 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.109136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Many tobacco and related products (TRPs) are less strictly regulated and marketed as less harmful than cigarettes. Little is known about their awareness, use, user profile, use behavior, reasons for use and risk perception, especially for the newest products. In an exploratory survey study among Dutch adolescents and adults, we have investigated three examples of non-cigarette TRPs available on the worldwide market. METHODS In a two-step web-based design, data on cigarillos, heated tobacco products (HTPs) and nicotine pouches were collected. In the first step (N = 5805), a representative sample (≥13 years) was studied to quantify their awareness, ever and current use in the Dutch population. In the second step (N = 526), in-depth data regarding use behavior, reasons for use and risk perception were collected among users and non-users. RESULTS Awareness (<50%) and use (<15% ever use and <2% current use) is relatively low for all three products, but overall higher among men, (e-)cigarette users and respondents with higher education and social economic status. Most participants became aware of the products through people they knew. Reasons for use were mainly curiosity, pleasant taste, flavour variety, and lower harmfulness. All products were perceived as (slightly) less harmful and addictive than cigarettes. CONCLUSIONS This study is one of the first to investigate awareness and use of cigarillos, HTPs and nicotine pouches. To prevent increased use, we recommend regulators to extend flavour and smoking bans to these products. In addition, public information may discourage use by increasing awareness of health risks.
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Yang B, Jiang S. Intentions to Seek Information about E-Cigarettes: Perceived Risk, Efficacy, and Smoking Identity. JOURNAL OF HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2021; 26:339-349. [PMID: 34196602 PMCID: PMC8634961 DOI: 10.1080/10810730.2021.1943728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
While e-cigarette use increases in the US., people's knowledge about e-cigarettes is limited. Information seeking may influence people's knowledge about e-cigarettes. Using the risk perception attitude framework and the identity theory, this study examined if U.S. adult current smokers (n = 1,841) differing in perceived efficacy of switching completely to e-cigarettes, perceived risk of cigarette smoking, and smoking identity report different levels of intentions to seek information about e-cigarettes. Results revealed that smokers with high perceived risk of smoking and perceived efficacy about switching completely to e-cigarettes (responsive group) reported strongest intentions to seek information about e-cigarettes (M = 5.41 on a 1-7 scale), followed by the group having low smoking risk perceptions and high e-cigarette efficacy beliefs (proactive group; M = 4.58), the group having high smoking risk perceptions and low e-cigarette efficacy beliefs (avoidance group; M = 3.18), and the group low on both factors (indifference group; M = 2.76). The differences between responsive group and proactive, avoidance, and indifference groups were greater among smokers with high (Mdiff = 6.14) vs. low (Mdiff = 5.27) smoking identity. Theoretical and practical implications of the findings are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yang
- Department of Communication, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Shaohai Jiang
- Department of Communications and New Media, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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Pacek LR, McClernon FJ. Risk perceptions regarding cigarette smoking in the United States continue to decline. Drug Alcohol Depend 2020; 209:107887. [PMID: 32044588 PMCID: PMC8211396 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.107887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Nationally representative data from the years 2006-2015 indicate that the prevalence of perceived great risk of smoking one or more packs of cigarettes per day has declined significantly among the United States general population. These findings have important implications for initiation of cigarette smoking, as well as interest in quitting, quit attempts, and sustained cessation. Findings based on more recent data (i.e., years 2016-2018) show that the prevalence of perceived great risk of cigarette smoking has continued to decline significantly (71.76 % versus 72.77 % in 2016 and 73.89 % in 2006). We aim to draw attention to this continued decline in risk perceptions, particularly given the possible associated public health impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren R. Pacek
- Corresponding author at: 2608 Erwin Road, Suite 300, Durham, NC 27705 USA. (L.R. Pacek)
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9
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Pacek LR, Berry MS, Rass O, Mercincavage M, McClernon FJ, Johnson MW. Graphic Warning Labels Affect Hypothetical Cigarette Purchasing Behavior among Smokers Living with HIV. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16183380. [PMID: 31547374 PMCID: PMC6765870 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16183380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Cigarette pack graphic warning labels (GWLs) are associated with increased knowledge of tobacco-related harms; scant research has evaluated their effects on behavior among vulnerable populations. We used a behavioral economic approach to measure the effects of GWLs and price on hypothetical cigarette purchasing behavior among HIV-positive smokers. Participants (n = 222) completed a cigarette valuation task by making hypothetical choices between GWL cigarette packs at a fixed price ($7.00) and text-only warning label cigarette packs at increasing prices ($3.50 to $14.00; $0.25 increments). More than one-quarter (28.8%) of participants paid more to avoid GWLs. The remaining participants’ purchasing decisions appear to have been driven by price: 69.8% of participants chose the cheaper pack. Across all participants, overall monetary choice value observed for GWL cigarette packs (mean = $7.75) was greater than if choice was driven exclusively by price ($7.00). Most (87.4%) preferred the text-only warning label when GWL and text-only cigarette packs were equally priced. Correlation analysis indicated GWL pack preference was associated with agreement with statements that GWLs would stop individuals from having a cigarette or facilitate thoughts about quitting. These data suggest that GWLs may influence some HIV-positive smokers in such a way that they are willing to pay more to avoid seeing GWLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren R Pacek
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27705, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
| | - Meredith S Berry
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
- Department of Health Education and Behavior & Department of Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
| | - Olga Rass
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
| | - Melissa Mercincavage
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - F Joseph McClernon
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27705, USA.
| | - Matthew W Johnson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
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Rhoades RR, Beebe LA, Mushtaq N. Support for Local Tobacco Policy in a Preemptive State. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:E3378. [PMID: 31547351 PMCID: PMC6766053 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16183378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Policy at the local level is a critical component of comprehensive tobacco control programs. This study examined the relationships of individual and social factors with support for tobacco-related public policy using cross-sectional data (n = 4461) from adults participating in a statewide survey. Weighted multivariate, multinomial logistic regression examined associations between individual and social factors and support for tobacco-free city properties and support for limiting the number of stores that sell tobacco near schools. Oklahomans were more likely to favor policies that create tobacco-free city properties than policies that limit the number of stores that sell tobacco near schools. While non-smokers were most likely to favor both policies, support for both policies was greater than 50% among current smokers. Knowledge of secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure harm and female gender were predictors of support for both policies and among current, former, and never smokers. Rural-urban status was a predictor of support among former smokers and never smokers. Tobacco use among friends and family was only a predictor among never smokers' support for limiting the sale of tobacco near schools. This study demonstrates that level of support differs by policy type, individual smoking status, as well as among subpopulations, and identifies critical elements in the theory of change for tobacco control programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebekah R Rhoades
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Hudson College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 801 NE 13th Street, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.
| | - Laura A Beebe
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Hudson College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 801 NE 13th Street, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Nasir Mushtaq
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Hudson College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 801 NE 13th Street, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
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Weinberger AH, Giovenco DP, Zhu J, Lee J, Kashan RS, Goodwin RD. Racial/ethnic differences in daily, nondaily, and menthol cigarette use and smoking quit ratios in the United States: 2002 to 2016. Prev Med 2019; 125:32-39. [PMID: 31004620 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2019.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
In the United States (US), racial/ethnic groups differ in cigarette smoking behaviors. We examined changes in cigarette prevalence and quit ratios over 15 years by racial/ethnic group (Non-Hispanic (NH) White, NH Black, Hispanic, NH Other). Data were drawn from the 2002-2016 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) public use data files and analyzed in 2018. Linear time trends of the prevalence of daily, nondaily, and menthol cigarette use and quit ratios (i.e., proportion of former smokers among lifetime smokers) were assessed using logistic regression models. 19.35% of NH White persons were daily smokers in 2016; this prevalence was significantly higher than all other groups (NH Black 10.99%, Hispanic 6.81%, NH Other 9.10%). Menthol use was significantly more common among NH Black individuals than all other groups in every year from 2002 to 2016 (2016: NH Black 23.38%, NH White 14.52%, Hispanic 10.49%, NH Other 8.97%). From 2002 to 2016, daily and nondaily smoking decreased significantly among all groups. The rate of decline of nondaily smoking was more rapid among Hispanic than NH White individuals while the rate of menthol smoking decline was more rapid among NH White than among Hispanic individuals. The quit ratio did not change significantly from 2002 to 2016 among NH Black individuals (31% to 35%) in contrast to a significant increase among NH White (2002, 45%; 2016, 50%) and Hispanic (2002, 33%; 2016, 41%) individuals. Further progress in tobacco control for vulnerable groups may need to include innovative strategies to address these concerning trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea H Weinberger
- Ferkauf Graduate School of Psychology, Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY, USA; Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
| | - Daniel P Giovenco
- Department of Sociomedical Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Jiaqi Zhu
- Institute for Implementation Science in Population Health, The City University of New York, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Joun Lee
- Ferkauf Graduate School of Psychology, Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY, USA; Department of Clinical Psychology, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Rachel S Kashan
- Ferkauf Graduate School of Psychology, Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY, USA.
| | - Renee D Goodwin
- Institute for Implementation Science in Population Health, The City University of New York, New York, NY, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, The City University of New York, New York, NY, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
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12
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Parker MA, Villanti AC, Quisenberry AJ, Stanton CA, Doogan NJ, Redner R, Gaalema DE, Kurti AN, Nighbor T, Roberts ME, Cepeda-Benito A, Higgins ST. Tobacco Product Harm Perceptions and New Use. Pediatrics 2018; 142:peds.2018-1505. [PMID: 30397167 PMCID: PMC6317771 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2018-1505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED : media-1vid110.1542/5839992833001PEDS-VA_2018-1505Video Abstract BACKGROUND: Researchers in several studies have examined correlations between tobacco harm perceptions and tobacco use in youth, but none have prospectively addressed the association between harm perceptions and subsequent new use across multiple noncigarette products. METHODS Product-specific absolute and relative harm perceptions for cigarettes, electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes), cigars, pipes, hookah, and smokeless tobacco were collected at wave 1 (W1) (2013-2014) among youth in the nationally representative US Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study (12-17 years of age; n = 10 081). At wave 2 (W2) (2014-2015), product-specific new use was calculated. Adjusted relative risks were used to estimate if harm perceptions at W1 predicted W2 new tobacco use. RESULTS The proportion of youth who endorsed "a lot of harm" was highest for cigarettes (84.8%) and lowest for e-cigarettes (26.6%); the proportion of youth who thought products were "more harmful" than cigarettes was highest for cigars (30.6%) and lowest for e-cigarettes (5.1%). Among youth who had not used those products at W1, product-specific new use at W2 ranged from 9.1% (e-cigarettes) to 0.6% (pipes). Youth who believed that noncombustible tobacco products posed "no or little harm" at W1 were more likely to have tried those products at W2 (P < .05). Youth who viewed e-cigarettes, hookah, and smokeless tobacco as "less harmful" than cigarettes at W1 were more likely to try those tobacco products at W2 (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS Low harm perceptions of noncigarette tobacco products predict new use of these products by youth within the next year. Targeting product-specific harm perceptions may prevent new tobacco use among youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A. Parker
- Tobacco Center on Regulatory Science, University of
Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Andrea C. Villanti
- Tobacco Center on Regulatory Science, University of
Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Amanda J. Quisenberry
- Center of Excellence in Regulatory Tobacco Science,
The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Cassandra A. Stanton
- Center for Evaluation and Coordination of Training
and Research in Tobacco Regulatory Science, Westat, Rockville, Maryland;,Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical
Center, Washington, District of Columbia; and
| | - Nathan J. Doogan
- Center of Excellence in Regulatory Tobacco Science,
The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Ryan Redner
- Rehabilitation Institute, Southern Illinois
University, Carbondale, Illinois
| | - Diann E. Gaalema
- Tobacco Center on Regulatory Science, University of
Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Allison N. Kurti
- Tobacco Center on Regulatory Science, University of
Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Tyler Nighbor
- Tobacco Center on Regulatory Science, University of
Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Megan E. Roberts
- Center of Excellence in Regulatory Tobacco Science,
The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | | | - Stephen T. Higgins
- Tobacco Center on Regulatory Science, University of
Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
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13
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Pacek LR, McClernon FJ, Rass O, Sweizter MM, Johnson MW. Perceived risk of developing smoking-related disease among persons living with HIV. AIDS Care 2018; 30:1329-1334. [PMID: 29682993 DOI: 10.1080/09540121.2018.1466985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Perceived risk of smoking is associated with smoking status, interest in quitting, cessation attempts, and quit success. Research is needed to explore risk perceptions of developing smoking-related disease among persons living with HIV (PLWH). Data came from 267 HIV-positive smokers who completed an online survey assessing perceived health risks associated with (a) generic smoking status; (b) generic non-smoking status; (c) their own personal current smoking; and (d) a hypothetical situation in which they were a non-smoker. PLWH perceived greater risk associated with their current smoking versus hypothetical personal non-smoking (p's < 0.001), and greater risks associated with generic smoking status compared with their current smoking (p's < 0.001). Being on HIV medication (β = 0.65, 95% CI = 0.17, 1.12), interest in quitting smoking (β = 0.89, 95% CI = 0.45, 1.32), and having an HIV healthcare provider who has recommended cessation (β = 1.04, 95% CI = 0.42, 1.67) were positively associated with perceived risk of developing smoking-related diseases. Findings have implications for developing targeted interventions to correct misperceptions regarding the health risks of smoking among PLWH, a population at particular risk for smoking and smoking-related morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren R Pacek
- a Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences , Duke University School of Medicine , Durham , USA.,b Behavioral Pharmacology Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences , Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore , USA
| | - F Joseph McClernon
- a Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences , Duke University School of Medicine , Durham , USA
| | - Olga Rass
- b Behavioral Pharmacology Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences , Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore , USA
| | - Maggie M Sweizter
- a Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences , Duke University School of Medicine , Durham , USA
| | - Matthew W Johnson
- b Behavioral Pharmacology Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences , Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore , USA
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