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McDuff DR, Garvin M, Joy Chang, Thompson D. Substance Misuse in Elite Athletes: Early Detection, Brief Intervention and Referral to Treatment. Clin Sports Med 2024; 43:127-144. [PMID: 37949506 DOI: 10.1016/j.csm.2023.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Sports medicine physicians and athletic trainers regularly encounter athletes who misuse substances that put them at risk for adverse health, social, interpersonal, academic, psychological, and performance effects. The three most encountered substances are alcohol (binge drinking), cannabis (marijuana), and tobacco/nicotine vaping. Early detection using self-report screening instruments, adverse consequences questionnaires, and urine testing are reviewed. Brief interventions that involve personalized feedback, goal setting, support system involvement, psychoeducation, contingency management, and/or motivational interviewing are highlighted. Lack of response to brief intervention or progression to a substance use disorder should prompt the consideration of referral to a substance specialty level of care.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R McDuff
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 110 South Paca Street - 4th Floor, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Baltimore Orioles, Major League Baseball, 333 West Camden Street, Oriole Park at Camden Yards, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Maryland Centers for Psychiatry, 3290 North Ridge Road, Suite 320, Ellicott City, MD 21043, USA.
| | - Michelle Garvin
- Detroit Lions, National Football League, 222 Republic Drive, Allen Park, MI 48101, USA; Elite Performance Psychology, LLC, 205 Warrenton Drive, Silver Spring, MD 20904, USA
| | - Joy Chang
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 110 South Paca Street - 4th Floor, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; University of Maryland, College Park, 8500 Paint Branch Drive, XFINITY Center, Room 2707, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Donald Thompson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 110 South Paca Street - 4th Floor, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Baltimore Orioles, Major League Baseball, 333 West Camden Street, Oriole Park at Camden Yards, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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Pilatti A, Cupani M, Bravo AJ, Mezquita L, Read JP, Pautassi RM. Utility of the Brief Young Adult Alcohol Consequences Questionnaire to Identify College Students At-Risk for Alcohol Related Problems: Relative Operating Characteristics across Seven Countries. Subst Use Misuse 2023; 58:1678-1690. [PMID: 37518059 PMCID: PMC10538414 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2023.2238307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Background: It is important to identify students who would benefit from early interventions to reduce harmful drinking patterns and associated consequences. the Brief Young Adult Alcohol Consequences Questionnaire (B-YAACQ) could be particularly useful as a screening tool in university settings. Objectives. The present study examined the utility of the B-YAACQ to distinguish among students at-risk for problematic alcohol use as measured by the AUDIT. Objectives: The present study examined the utility of the B-YAACQ to distinguish among students at-risk for problematic alcohol use as measured by the AUDIT. Methods: A sample of 6382 students (mean age=20.28, SD=3.75, 72.2% females) from seven countries (i.e., U.S., Canada, South-Africa, Spain, Argentina, Uruguay, England) completed the B-YAACQ, the AUDIT and different measures of alcohol use. Results: ROC analyses suggested that a cutoff score of 5 maximized the YAACQ's discrimination utility to differentiate between students at low versus moderate/high risk in the total sample and across countries (except in Canada, where the cutoff was 4). In addition, a cutoff of 7 differentiated between students at low/moderate versus high risk in the total sample, while cutoffs of 10, 9, 8 and 7 differentiate between students at low/moderate versus high risk in Uruguay, U.S and Spain (10), Argentina (9), England (8), and Canada and South-Africa (7), respectively. Students classified at the three risk levels (i.e., low, moderate and high) differed in age (i.e., a younger age was associated with higher risk) and drinking patters (i.e., higher drinking frequency, quantity, binge drinking and AUDIT and B-YAACQ scores in the higher risk groups). Conclusions: This study suggest that the B-YAACQ is a useful tool to identify college students at-risk for experiencing problematic patterns of alcohol use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelina Pilatti
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Psicología, Instituto de Investigaciones Psicológicas, IIPsi, CONICET. Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Marcos Cupani
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Psicología, Instituto de Investigaciones Psicológicas, IIPsi, CONICET. Córdoba, Argentina
| | | | - Laura Mezquita
- Department of Basic and Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Universitat Jaume I, Castelló de la Plana, Castellón, Spain
| | | | - Ricardo M. Pautassi
- Instituto de Investigación Médica M. y M. Ferreyra (INIMEC – CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba) and Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, 5000, Argentina
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Guiné RPF, Florença SG, Aparício MG, Cardoso AP, Ferreira M. Food Knowledge for Better Nutrition and Health: A Study among University Students in Portugal. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11111597. [PMID: 37297738 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11111597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
When students enter university, they suffer adaptations, including, usually, greater autonomy and responsibility for the choices they make. Therefore, it is crucial that they are well informed so as to make healthier food choices. The aim of this study was to determine whether sociodemographic characteristics, academic performance and lifestyle (tobacco and alcohol consumption) interfere with food literacy in university students. A quantitative, analytical, descriptive, transversal and correlational study was carried out, using quantitative data obtained through a questionnaire survey applied to a sample of 924 university students in Portugal. Food literacy was assessed through a scale of 27 items, distributed in three dimensions: D1-Literacy about food nutritional value and composition, D2-Literacy about labelling and food choice and D3-Literacy about healthy eating practices. Results showed no differences in food literacy according to sex or age. However, food literacy varied significantly with nationality, either globally (p = 0.006) or in the different dimensions evaluated (p-values of 0.005, 0.027 and 0.012 for D1, D2 and D3, respectively). In terms of academic achievement, the results showed no significant differences according to self-reported academic performance or even to the average classification obtained in the course. Regarding lifestyle variables, it was observed that alcohol consumption or smoking are not associated with food literacy, that is, food literacy does not vary significantly with these two lifestyle variables. In conclusion, food literacy in general and the dimensions evaluated are essentially constant among university students in Portugal, only varying for students from abroad. These results help to better perceive the food literacy levels for the population under study, university students, and that can be a valuable tool to better increase food literacy at these institutions as a way to better prepare for a healthier life and proper food habits that can enhance health in the long term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel P F Guiné
- CERNAS Research Centre, Polytechnic Institute of Viseu, 3504-510 Viseu, Portugal
| | - Sofia G Florença
- CERNAS Research Centre, Polytechnic Institute of Viseu, 3504-510 Viseu, Portugal
| | - Maria Graça Aparício
- UICISA:E Research Centre, Polytechnic Institute of Viseu, 3504-510 Viseu, Portugal
| | - Ana Paula Cardoso
- CIDEI Research Centre, Polytechnic Institute of Viseu, 3504-510 Viseu, Portugal
| | - Manuela Ferreira
- UICISA:E Research Centre, Polytechnic Institute of Viseu, 3504-510 Viseu, Portugal
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Zamboanga BL, Wickham RE, Pilatti A, George AM, King KA, Van Hedger K, Dresler E, Ford K. Examining the Drinking Motives Questionnaire-Revised Short Form among university students in Australia, New Zealand and Argentina. Drug Alcohol Rev 2023; 42:729-739. [PMID: 36641592 DOI: 10.1111/dar.13594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The Drinking Motives Questionnaire-Revised Short Form (DMQ-R-SF) is widely used among alcohol researchers studying adolescents and young adults. The psychometric properties of the DMQ-R-SF have been examined among university students in many countries, but to our knowledge, not in Australia, New Zealand or Argentina. We sought to examine the reliability and endorsement of the items on the DMQ-R-SF, and test the associations between the DMQ-R-SF subscales and alcohol use, and negative alcohol consequences between university students from Australia, New Zealand and Argentina. METHOD University students (N = 820) in Australia (n = 315), New Zealand (n = 265) and Argentina (n = 240) completed a confidential online alcohol survey which included the DMQ-R-SF, the Daily Drinking Questionnaire and the Brief Young Adult Alcohol Consequences Questionnaire. RESULTS Using the alignment method, support for the four-factor model on the DMQ-R-SF emerged and the factor loadings for 11 of the 12 items were invariant across sites. Most items (8 out of 12) on the DMQ-R-SF were fully invariant across all sites, but some small differences in item reliability for one item, and endorsement for three items emerged between the sites. Across the three countries, coping motives were positively correlated with negative alcohol consequences. Enhancement motives were positively associated with both alcohol use and negative alcohol consequences among students from Australia and New Zealand. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Most items on the DMQ-R-SF were comparably reliable among the university students sampled from Australia, New Zealand and Argentina. Our preliminary findings suggest that the DMQ-R-SF can be reliably used with university students from these countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byron L Zamboanga
- Department of Psychological Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, USA
| | - Robert E Wickham
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, USA
| | - Angelina Pilatti
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Psicológicas (IIPsi-CONICET-UNC), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Amanda M George
- Discipline of Psychology, School of Health Sciences, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia
| | - Kelsie A King
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, USA
| | | | - Emma Dresler
- School of Communication, Journalism and Marketing, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Kayla Ford
- Department of Psychological Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, USA
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Andersson C. Validation of the Alcohol-Related Sexual Consequences Scale in Swedish University Students. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:1035. [PMID: 36673789 PMCID: PMC9859197 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20021035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol-related sexual consequences are common in college students. A newly developed 41-item Alcohol-Related Sexual Consequences Scale has recently been evaluated in at-risk young adults in the U.S. The current study aims to validate the Scale in Swedish college students. METHODS The occurrence of alcohol-related sexual consequences was assessed by birth gender, relationship status, gender identity/sexual orientation, and age. Negative binomial regression was used to assess convergent and divergent validity. RESULTS On average, 5.4 (SD 5.1) alcohol-related sexual consequences were experienced past three months. Greater scores were reported in singles, LGBTQ (Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer/Questioning), and younger students. All sex-related covariates showed robust associations with alcohol-related sexual consequences while most alcohol-related covariates were not associated (e.g., convergent validity). All alcohol-related covariates showed robust associations with alcohol consequences while most sex-related covariates were not associated (e.g., divergent validity). In the full model predicting alcohol-related sexual consequences, being a woman, single, and younger were identified as independent predictors. CONCLUSIONS This newly developed scale assessing alcohol-related sexual consequences could be used in both epidemiological studies and intervention studies targeting at-risk students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claes Andersson
- Department of Criminology, Malmö University, SE-205 06 Malmoe, Sweden
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Pilatti A, Klein ND, Mezquita L, Bravo AJ, Keough MT, Pautassi RM. Drinking Motives as Mediators of the Relationship of Cultural Orientation with Alcohol Use and Alcohol-Related Negative Consequences in College Students from Seven Countries. Int J Ment Health Addict 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11469-022-00789-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022] Open
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Noel JK, Rosenthal SR, Sammartino CJ. Exposure to Alcohol Marketing and Alcohol-Related Consequences in Young Adults. Subst Use Misuse 2022; 57:1156-1159. [PMID: 35422191 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2022.2063894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to alcohol marketing is positively associated with alcohol consumption. However, few research studies have tested alcohol marketing's effect on other alcohol-related outcomes. Consequently, the current study sought to identify associations between exposure to alcohol marketing and alcohol-related consequences in young adults. Methods: A secondary analysis of the 2020 Rhode Island Young Adult Survey was conducted. Participants were lifetime drinkers (n = 390) who were 18 to 25 years old and lived in Rhode Island for at least part of 2020. Past 30 day exposure to 6 forms of alcohol marketing was assessed. Alcohol consequences were measured using 8 items from the Brief Young Adult Alcohol Consequences Questionnaire. Logistic regression models were adjusted for AUDIT score, age, race/ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, employment status, and enrollment in school. Results: 92.3% of participants reported past 30 days exposure to any form of alcohol marketing. 43.6% of participants reported experiencing any alcohol-related consequence. Exposure to any form of alcohol marketing was positively associated with experiencing alcohol-related consequences (OR[95% CI] = 3.35 [1.19, 9.44]). After disaggregation by marketing type, only television exposure remained significantly associated with alcohol-related consequences (OR[95% CI] = 1.85 [1.06, 3.24]). Conclusions: Exposure to alcohol advertising on television may be positively associated with experiencing negative alcohol consequences in young adults. If confirmed, the findings may renew interest in strengthening alcohol marketing guidelines and regulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan K Noel
- Department of Health Science, College of Health & Wellness, Johnson & Wales University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Samantha R Rosenthal
- Department of Health Science, College of Health & Wellness, Johnson & Wales University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Brown School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Cara J Sammartino
- Department of Health Science, College of Health & Wellness, Johnson & Wales University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
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