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Brunborg GS, Bang L, Skogen JC, Burdzovic Andreas J. Depressive symptoms, conduct problems and alcohol use from age 13 to 19 in Norway: evidence from the MyLife longitudinal study. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2024; 18:127. [PMID: 39385203 PMCID: PMC11465494 DOI: 10.1186/s13034-024-00824-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 09/30/2024] [Indexed: 10/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Even though mental health problems and alcohol use remain major challenges facing adolescents, our understanding of their developmental progressions primarily stems from cohorts coming 1 of age in the early 2000's. We aimed to examine and describe normative developmental trajectories of depression, conduct problems, and alcohol use across adolescent years among more recent cohorts of Norwegian youth born in the 21st century. METHODS Multilevel mixed linear models for symptoms of depression and conduct disorder, and multilevel mixed logistic models for depressive disorder, conduct problems, any alcohol use, and risky drinking, were estimated with longitudinal data from a nationwide sample N = 3436 (55% girls) of Norwegian adolescents (mean age 14.3 [SD = 0.85] in 2017). We compared models with linear, quadratic, and cubic change with age, and models that tested moderation by sex and centrality (rural vs. urban communities). RESULTS Average symptoms and the rate of depressive disorder increased sharply from age 13 to age 19, but both the initial levels and the rates of change were greater for girls than for boys. Average symptoms of conduct disorder and the rate of conduct problems increased in early adolescence and were greater for boys than girls. The rates of any alcohol use and risky drinking both increased sharply from age 14, but there were no notable sex differences either in the initial levels or rates of change over time. Adolescents from more rural communities had greater rates of any drinking in mid-adolescence, but there were no other effects of centrality. CONCLUSIONS This study provides a much-needed update concerning normative developmental trajectories of depression, conduct problems, and alcohol use among millennium cohorts. Consistent with prior studies, we observed significant increases in all outcomes across adolescence, with depression being both greater and more prevalent among girls and conduct problems being both greater and more prevalent among boys. Consistent with the emerging evidence, we observed no sex differences in alcohol use. Finally, there were no differences in the examined developmental trajectories as a function of centrality. These findings underscore the importance of early prevention and treatment of mental health and substance use problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geir Scott Brunborg
- Department of Child Health and Development, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 222-Skøyen, Oslo, 0213, Norway.
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Lasse Bang
- Department of Child Health and Development, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 222-Skøyen, Oslo, 0213, Norway
| | - Jens Christoffer Skogen
- Department of Health Promotion, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway
- Centre for Evaluation of Public Health Measures, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Alcohol and Drug Research Western Norway, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Jasmina Burdzovic Andreas
- Department of Alcohol, Tobacco and Drugs, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Biggio F, Talani G, Asuni GP, Bassareo V, Boi M, Dazzi L, Pisu MG, Porcu P, Sanna E, Sanna F, Serra M, Serra MP, Siddi C, Acquas E, Follesa P, Quartu M. Mixing energy drinks and alcohol during adolescence impairs brain function: A study of rat hippocampal plasticity. Neuropharmacology 2024; 254:109993. [PMID: 38735368 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2024.109993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
In the last decades, the consumption of energy drinks has risen dramatically, especially among young people, adolescents and athletes, driven by the constant search for ergogenic effects, such as the increase in physical and cognitive performance. In parallel, mixed consumption of energy drinks and ethanol, under a binge drinking modality, under a binge drinking modality, has similarly grown among adolescents. However, little is known whether the combined consumption of these drinks, during adolescence, may have long-term effects on central function, raising the question of the risks of this habit on brain maturation. Our study was designed to evaluate, by behavioral, electrophysiological and molecular approaches, the long-term effects on hippocampal plasticity of ethanol (EtOH), energy drinks (EDs), or alcohol mixed with energy drinks (AMED) in a rat model of binge-like drinking adolescent administration. The results show that AMED binge-like administration produces adaptive hippocampal changes at the molecular level, associated with electrophysiological and behavioral alterations, which develop during the adolescence and are still detectable in adult animals. Overall, the study indicates that binge-like drinking AMED adolescent exposure represents a habit that may affect permanently hippocampal plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Biggio
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, 09042, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Talani
- Institute of Neurosciences, National Research Council (C.N.R.), Cittadella Universitaria, 09042, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Gino Paolo Asuni
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, 09042, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Valentina Bassareo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, 09042, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Marianna Boi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, 09042, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Laura Dazzi
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, 09042, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Maria Giuseppina Pisu
- Institute of Neurosciences, National Research Council (C.N.R.), Cittadella Universitaria, 09042, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Patrizia Porcu
- Institute of Neurosciences, National Research Council (C.N.R.), Cittadella Universitaria, 09042, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Enrico Sanna
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, 09042, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy; Institute of Neurosciences, National Research Council (C.N.R.), Cittadella Universitaria, 09042, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Sanna
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, 09042, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Mariangela Serra
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, 09042, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Maria Pina Serra
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, 09042, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Carlotta Siddi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, 09042, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Elio Acquas
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, 09042, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Paolo Follesa
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, 09042, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy.
| | - Marina Quartu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, 09042, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
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Naveh G, Mansour B, Bader M, Steckler R, Nasrallah E, Hujeyrat H, Magzal F, Elias N, Horovitz O, Nimri L. Physiological Impacts of Energy Drink Consumption: A Clinical Analysis in Adolescents. Nutrients 2024; 16:2328. [PMID: 39064773 PMCID: PMC11280369 DOI: 10.3390/nu16142328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2024] [Revised: 07/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Energy drink (ED) consumption among Israeli-Arab adolescents is widespread. This study aimed to investigate the acute glycemic and insulin effects of EDs in healthy adolescents. Seventy-one Israeli-Arab adolescents (56% girls, average age 16.04 ± 1.03 years) participated in a non-randomized, case-controlled, open-label study. Participants consumed ED (n = 36) or a volume- and carbohydrate-matched non-caffeinated soft drink (SD, n = 35), followed by a 2 h glucose tolerance test. Blood glucose was measured at baseline and 15, 30, 60, and 120 min post-consumption (T0, T15, T30, T60 and T120, respectively). Serum insulin concentration and caffeine relative intensity were determined 45 min post-consumption (T45). Blood glucose levels peaked significantly at T15 and remained significantly higher at T30 in the ED group compared to the SD group (p = 0.005, p = 0.017, respectively). Insulin concentrations were substantially higher at T45 in the ED group (t [64] = 2.794, p = 0.001). This pattern was especially prominent in heavy ED consumers. A positive correlation emerged between the amount of caffeine consumed (mg/kg), blood glucose levels at T15 and T30, and insulin concentration at T45. This study is the first to demonstrate the glycemic and insulin responses to ED consumption in adolescents, suggesting that regulatory measures limiting ED sales to adolescents could improve their health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilad Naveh
- Nutritional Science Department, Tel-Hai Academic College, Kiryat Shmona 1220800, Israel; (G.N.); (R.S.); (F.M.)
| | - Bshara Mansour
- Pediatrics Department, Saint Vincent de Paul Hospital, Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Nazareth 16102, Israel; (B.M.); (M.B.); (E.N.); (H.H.); (N.E.)
| | - Mahmoud Bader
- Pediatrics Department, Saint Vincent de Paul Hospital, Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Nazareth 16102, Israel; (B.M.); (M.B.); (E.N.); (H.H.); (N.E.)
| | - Rafi Steckler
- Nutritional Science Department, Tel-Hai Academic College, Kiryat Shmona 1220800, Israel; (G.N.); (R.S.); (F.M.)
| | - Elias Nasrallah
- Pediatrics Department, Saint Vincent de Paul Hospital, Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Nazareth 16102, Israel; (B.M.); (M.B.); (E.N.); (H.H.); (N.E.)
| | - Hamed Hujeyrat
- Pediatrics Department, Saint Vincent de Paul Hospital, Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Nazareth 16102, Israel; (B.M.); (M.B.); (E.N.); (H.H.); (N.E.)
| | - Faiga Magzal
- Nutritional Science Department, Tel-Hai Academic College, Kiryat Shmona 1220800, Israel; (G.N.); (R.S.); (F.M.)
| | - Nael Elias
- Pediatrics Department, Saint Vincent de Paul Hospital, Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Nazareth 16102, Israel; (B.M.); (M.B.); (E.N.); (H.H.); (N.E.)
| | - Omer Horovitz
- The Physiology & Behaviour Laboratory, Psychology Department, Tel-Hai Academic College, Kiryat Shmona 1220800, Israel;
| | - Lili Nimri
- Nutritional Science Department, Tel-Hai Academic College, Kiryat Shmona 1220800, Israel; (G.N.); (R.S.); (F.M.)
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Aonso-Diego G, Krotter A, García-Pérez Á. Prevalence of energy drink consumption world-wide: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Addiction 2024; 119:438-463. [PMID: 37967848 DOI: 10.1111/add.16390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The increasing market for energy drinks (EDs) in recent years, as well as the health risks caused by their consumption, prompt calls to estimate the prevalence of ED use among different countries. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to synthesize the prevalence of ED use in different continents and age groups. METHOD We searched two databases (i.e. PubMed and PsycInfo) on 31 March 2023 to identify studies reporting the prevalence of ED use. A total of 192 studies (196 distinct samples; n = 1 120 613; 53.37% males) from the United States, Europe, Asia, Oceania and Africa were included in the analysis. A random-effects model was applied to estimate the overall pooled prevalence at several time-periods. Subgroup analyses were performed to provide prevalence based on continent and age group. The quality of articles was assessed using Joana Brigg's Institute (JBI) critical appraisal checklist. Measurements included prevalence of ED use (i.e. life-time, past 12 months, past 30 days, past 7 days and daily use), continent and age group (i.e. children, adolescents, young adults and adults). RESULTS The life-time ED use world-wide-pooled prevalence was estimated to be 54.7% [95% confidence interval (CI) = 48.8-60.6; I2 = 99.80], 43.4% (95% CI = 36.1-50.6; I2 = 99.92) in the past 12 months, 32.3% (95% CI = 28.8-35.8; I2 = 99.82) in the past 30 days, 21.6% (95% CI = 18.7-24.5; I2 = 99.95) in the past 7 days and 8.82% (95% CI = 6.3-11.4; I2 = 99.95) daily ED use. Subgroups analyses showed significant differences in ED life-time use within age groups (P = 0.002) and continents (P = 0.035). CONCLUSIONS The world-wide prevalence of energy drink use appears to be high, particularly among adolescents and young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrea Krotter
- Department of Psychology, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Ángel García-Pérez
- Department of Psychology, Sociology and Philosophy, University of León, León, Spain
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Kaldenbach S, Hysing M, Strand TA, Sivertsen B. Energy drink consumption and sleep parameters in college and university students: a national cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e072951. [PMID: 38262632 PMCID: PMC10806792 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-072951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the frequency of energy drink (ED) consumption, and the association between ED consumption and selected sleep characteristics and parameters in Norwegian college and university students. We also explored whether these associations varied based on sex. DESIGN Cross-sectional. SETTING Data were gathered from the SHOT2022 study (Students' Health and Well-being Study), a national survey. PARTICIPANTS 53 266 students, aged 18-35 years, enrolled in higher education in Norway (2022). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Estimated marginal means were computed from general linear models investigating the association between ED consumption and continuous sleep outcomes, while log-link binomial regression analysis was used for dichotomous sleep outcomes of sleep measures. All models were adjusted for age. RESULTS Among the participants, 4.7% of men and 3.3% of women reported consuming ED daily. The frequency of ED consumption was inversely associated with sleep duration and sleep efficiency, while a direct association was observed with the frequency of ED consumption and sleep patterns such as sleep onset latency and wake after sleep onset across sexes. The strongest association was found between daily ED consumption and short sleep duration where men had a risk ratio (RR) of 2.07; 95% CI 1.77 to 2.42, and women had a RR of 1.87; 95% CI 1.64 to 2.14. CONCLUSION ED consumption was a strong determinant for negative sleep outcomes. Even small amounts of ED were associated with poorer sleep outcomes, which warrant more attention towards the consequences of consuming ED among college and university students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siri Kaldenbach
- Department of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Lillehammer, Norway
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mari Hysing
- Department of Psychosocial Science, Faculty of Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Tor A Strand
- Department of Research, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Lillehammer, Norway
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for International Health, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Børge Sivertsen
- Department of Health Promotion, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Research and Innovation, Fonna Health Trust, Haugesund, Norway
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Nowak D, Czarnecki D, Świątek A, Ziółkowski M. Effect of various factors on energy drinks consumption, and their connection with alcohol consumption. Addict Biol 2023; 28:e13281. [PMID: 37252879 DOI: 10.1111/adb.13281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Energy drinks (EDs) have become widely popular among adolescents and young adults. Excessive consumption of EDs can lead to ED abuse and alcohol abuse. Therefore, this study has aimed to analyse the consumption of EDs in a group of patients suffering from alcohol dependence and among young adults, considering such issues as the amounts consumed, underlying reasons and threats arising from excessive consumption of ED and their mixing with alcohol (AmED). The study included 201 men (101 patients treated due to alcohol dependence and 100 young adults/students). Each research participant responded to questions in a survey designed by the researchers (socio-demographic data, clinical data, including consumption of ED, AmED and alcohol), the MAST and SADD. The participants also had their arterial blood pressure measured. EDs were consumed by 92% of the patients and 52% of young adults. A statistically significant dependence was confirmed between consumption of ED and tobacco smoking (p < 0.001), as well as the place of residence (p = 0.044). For 22% of the patients, ED consumption had an effect on alcohol consumption, where 7% admitted to feeling an increased urge to drink alcohol, and 15% said ED consumption decreased it. A statistically significant relationship (p < 0.001) was also shown between ED consumption and the consumption of EDs mixed with alcohol (AmED). This study may implicate that widespread consumption of EDs predisposes to the consumption of alcohol mixed with ED or separate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dariusz Nowak
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Damian Czarnecki
- Department of Preventive Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Świątek
- Department of Biostatistics and Theory of Biomedical Systems, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Marcin Ziółkowski
- Department of Preventive Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Bydgoszcz, Poland
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