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Wen S, Ni Y, Dai Y, Liu Z, Wang X, Zhang J, Yu W, Hu W. Effects of a calorie-restricted dietary intervention on weight loss and gut microbiota diversity in obese patients with sleep deprivation. Eat Weight Disord 2023; 28:80. [PMID: 37792102 PMCID: PMC10550869 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-023-01609-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate the effects of a calorie-restricted dietary (CRD) intervention on weight and gut microbiota diversity in obese patients with sleep deprivation (SD). METHODS Twenty obese patients were divided into a sleep deprivation group (SD group, n = 10) and a nonsleep deprivation group (NSD group, n = 10), both of which underwent a CRD intervention for 12 weeks. Measurement of anthropometric parameters, biochemical examinations and gut microbiota detection were performed at baseline and at the end of week 12. Mi Smart Bands 1 (Standard Option) were used to monitor sleep and exercise. RESULTS (1) The CRD intervention improved body weight (BW), waist circumference (WC), blood pressure (BP), basal metabolic rate (BMR), body fat content (BFC), and insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) in all obese patients. (2) In the NSD group, BW, BFC, VFA (visceral fat area), BMR and total cholesterol (TC) were significantly reduced after the CRD intervention (P < 0.05). (3) The alpha diversity of the gut microbiota remained unchanged after the intervention in the two groups. (4) There was a negative correlation between Mollicutes and BMR in the NSD group. CONCLUSIONS The effects of a CRD intervention weaken on weight loss and the metabolism of blood lipids may be weakened by SD. The abundance of Mollicutes bacteria may be related to weight loss after a CRD intervention in obese patients. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE III, prospective cohort study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surong Wen
- Department of Endocrinology, Huai'an Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University and Huai'an Second People's Hospital, Huai'an, 223002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yaojun Ni
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University and Huai'an First People's Hospital, Huai'an, 223001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuhong Dai
- Department of Endocrinology, Huai'an Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University and Huai'an Second People's Hospital, Huai'an, 223002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ziyu Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Huai'an Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University and Huai'an Second People's Hospital, Huai'an, 223002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoqing Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Huai'an Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University and Huai'an Second People's Hospital, Huai'an, 223002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Huai'an Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University and Huai'an Second People's Hospital, Huai'an, 223002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weinan Yu
- Department of Endocrinology, Huai'an Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University and Huai'an Second People's Hospital, Huai'an, 223002, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Wen Hu
- Department of Endocrinology, Huai'an Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University and Huai'an Second People's Hospital, Huai'an, 223002, Jiangsu, China.
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Soares MJ, Zhao Y, Calton EK, Pathak K. Triglycerides and systolic blood pressure negatively mediate the direct relationship of vitamin D status to resting energy expenditure: A cross sectional analysis. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2022; 16:102664. [PMID: 36402072 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2022.102664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS We determined whether individual components of metabolic syndrome (MetS) mediated the direct association of vitamin D status (25OHD) on resting energy expenditure (REE). METHODS Multiple linear regression determined predictors of REE from data on 180 men and women from two ethnic groups. We then modelled a mediation pathway through components of MetS on the direct association between 25OHD and REE. The mediation modelling used the PROCESS SPSS Macro (version 4.0) based on 5000 bootstrapped samples, with the adjustment for different sets of covariates. RESULTS REE was significantly predicted by age, fat mass (FM), fat free mass (FFM), ethnicity, inverse ln insulin, 25OHD, triglycerides (TG), systolic blood pressure (SBP) and, to some extent, by time of REE measurements (p < 0.094). Adjustment for all these covariates, resulted in a negative indirect mediation effect of TG [β coefficient (bootstrapped SE): 0.95 (0.519); bootstrapped 95% CI: 2.172, -0.165; p < 0.05] and a concurrent negative mediation of SBP [β coefficient (bootstrapped SE): 0.72(0.484); bootstrapped 95% CI: 1.851, -0.011; p < 0.05]. There remained a positive direct pathway from 25OHD to REE [β coefficient (S.E): 4.715 (2.129); p = 0.028], however the total effect of 25OHD was dampened [β coefficient (S.E): 3.04 (2.126); p = 0.154]. CONCLUSIONS Independent of insulin sensitivity, a negative mediation by TG and SBP dampened the overall effect of 25OHD on REE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario J Soares
- Curtin School of Population Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley Campus, Perth, Western Australia, 6102, Australia.
| | - Yun Zhao
- Curtin School of Population Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley Campus, Perth, Western Australia, 6102, Australia
| | - Emily K Calton
- Curtin School of Population Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley Campus, Perth, Western Australia, 6102, Australia
| | - Kaveri Pathak
- Curtin School of Population Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley Campus, Perth, Western Australia, 6102, Australia
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Soares M, Zhao Y, Calton E, Pathak K, Chan She Ping-Delfos W, Cummings N, Nsatimba P. The Impact of the Metabolic Syndrome and Its Components on Resting Energy Expenditure. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12080722. [PMID: 36005594 PMCID: PMC9414919 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12080722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We determined whether metabolic syndrome (MetS) and the increasing number of its components influenced the resting energy expenditure (REE). Data on adult men (n = 72, 40%) and women (n = 108, 60%) from European (n = 154, 86%) and Sub-Saharan African (n = 26, 14%) ancestry were used. Ninety-five (53%) participants had MetS (MetS+), while 85 (47%) were without MetS (MetS−). REE was determined through indirect calorimetry, body composition by DEXA, and clinical biochemistry by standard laboratory techniques. MetS+ had a significantly higher REE (mean ± se: MetS+: 5995 ± 87.3 vs. MetS−: 5760 ± 86.3 kJ/d, p = 0.025) when adjusted for age, gender, fat mass (FM), fat-free mass (FFM), ethnicity, season, 25OHD, insulin sensitivity, and time of data collection. Within each MetS status group, an increase in the number of components (C) resulted in a stepwise increase in REE. Relative to zero components, those with 1C had adjusted REE higher by +526 ± 248.1 kJ/d (p = 0.037), while 2C were higher than 1C by +298 ± 140.8 kJ/d (p = 0.037). Similarly, relative to 3C, those with 4C had REE higher by +242 ± 120.7 kJ/d (p = 0.049). The higher REE of 5C over 4C by 132 ± 174.5 kJ/d did not achieve statistical significance. MetS was associated with a significantly higher REE. This greater energetic cost varied directly with the numbers of its components but was most evident in those not diagnosed with the syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Soares
- School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia
- Correspondence:
| | - Yun Zhao
- School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Emily Calton
- School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Kaveri Pathak
- School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia
| | | | - Nicola Cummings
- WA Eating Disorder Specialist Service, Mental Health, Public Health and Dental Services, Perth, WA 6003, Australia
| | - Patience Nsatimba
- Nursing Directorate, Pantang Hospital, Greater Accra, Accra GA184, Ghana
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4
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Association between dietary patterns and body composition in normal-weight subjects with metabolic syndrome. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2022; 21:735-741. [PMID: 35673495 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-022-01043-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background and aims The development of metabolic syndrome (MetS) has been proposed to be related to dietary pattern and body compostion indexes. Diet is one of the most important lifestyle-related factors which may regulate the inflammatory process. Numerous individual foods and dietary patterns can have a valuable health effect that is associated with their anti-inflammatory properties. Here we aimed to investigate the association between body composition indexes and dietary patterns in individuals with metabolic syndrome who were nnormal for weight. Methods and materials Normal weight subjects with MetS were recruited as part of Survey of Ultraviolet Intake by Nutritional Approach (SUVINA). A validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used to determine dietary patterns that were: low-, or high in antioxidant; dietary inflammation index (DII) and health eating index (HEI) were also determined. Body composition indexes including basal metabolic rate (BMR), body free fat mass (BFFM), body fat mass (BFM), body fat percentage (BFP), trunk fat and total body water (TBW) were measured using a InBody body composition analyser. A P value <0.05 was considered significant. Results A total 77 individuals including 29 males and 48 females were recruited into the study. A high-antioxidant dietary pattern was significantly correlated with BMR (p = 0.002), BFFM (p = 0.007) and TBW (p = 0.002). There was no significant relationship between body compostion with a low-antioxidant dietary pattern, DII and HEI. After adjusting for age and sex, our findings showed that a high-antioxidant dietary pattern were independently associated with BMR, BFFM and TBW. Conclusion A high-antioxidant dietary pattern was independently associated with decreased BMR, BFFM and TBW, while no association was found between body composition indexes and DII and HEI in normal weight paticipants with MetS.
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Leibold S, Bagivalu Lakshminarasimha A, Gremse F, Hammerschmidt M, Michel M. Long-term obesogenic diet leads to metabolic phenotypes which are not exacerbated by catch-up growth in zebrafish. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0267933. [PMID: 35544474 PMCID: PMC9094543 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0267933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and metabolic syndrome are of increasing global concern. In order to understand the basic biology and etiology of obesity, research has turned to animals across the vertebrate spectrum including zebrafish. Here, we carefully characterize zebrafish in a long-term obesogenic environment as well as zebrafish that went through early lifetime caloric restriction. We found that long-term obesity in zebrafish leads to metabolic endpoints comparable to mammals including increased adiposity, weight, hepatic steatosis and hepatic lesions but not signs of glucose dysregulation or differences in metabolic rate or mitochondrial function. Malnutrition in early life has been linked to an increased likelihood to develop and an exacerbation of metabolic syndrome, however fish that were calorically restricted from five days after fertilization until three to nine months of age did not show signs of an exacerbated phenotype. In contrast, the groups that were shifted later in life from caloric restriction to the obesogenic environment did not completely catch up to the long-term obesity group by the end of our experiment. This dataset provides insight into a slowly exacerbating time-course of obesity phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Leibold
- Institute of Zoology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Felix Gremse
- Department of Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Gremse-IT GmbH, Aachen, Germany
| | - Matthias Hammerschmidt
- Institute of Zoology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Maximilian Michel
- Institute of Zoology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Yao H, Peterson AL, Li J, Xu H, Dennery PA. Heme Oxygenase 1 and 2 Differentially Regulate Glucose Metabolism and Adipose Tissue Mitochondrial Respiration: Implications for Metabolic Dysregulation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21197123. [PMID: 32992485 PMCID: PMC7582259 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Heme oxygenase (HO) consists of inducible (HO-1) and constitutive (HO-2) isoforms that are encoded by Hmox1 and Hmox2 genes, respectively. As an anti-inflammatory and antioxidant molecule, HO participates in the development of metabolic diseases. Whether Hmox deficiency causes metabolic abnormalities under basal conditions remains unclear. We hypothesized that HO-1 and HO-2 differentially affect global and adipose tissue metabolism. To test this hypothesis, we determined insulin sensitivity, glucose tolerance, energy expenditure, and respiratory exchange ratio in global Hmox1-/- and Hmox2-/- mice. Body weight was reduced in female but not male Hmox1-/- and Hmox2-/- mice. Reduced insulin sensitivity and physical activity were observed in Hmox1-/- but not Hmox2-/- mice. Deletion of either Hmox1 or Hmox2 had no effects on glucose tolerance, energy expenditure or respiratory exchange ratio. Mitochondrial respiration was unchanged in gonadal fat pads (white adipose tissue, WAT) of Hmox1-/- mice. Hmox2 deletion increased proton leak and glycolysis in gonadal, but not interscapular fat tissues (brown adipose tissue, BAT). Uncoupling protein and Hmox1 genes were unchanged in gonadal fat pads of Hmox2-/- mice. Conclusively, HO-1 maintains insulin sensitivity, while HO-2 represses glycolysis and proton leak in the WAT under basal condition. This suggests that HO-1 and HO-2 differentially modulate metabolism, which may impact the metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Yao
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology & Biochemistry, Division of Biology and Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI 02860, USA; (H.Y.); (A.L.P.)
| | - Abigail L. Peterson
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology & Biochemistry, Division of Biology and Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI 02860, USA; (H.Y.); (A.L.P.)
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, RI 02860, USA; (J.L.); (H.X.)
| | - Haiyan Xu
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, RI 02860, USA; (J.L.); (H.X.)
| | - Phyllis A. Dennery
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology & Biochemistry, Division of Biology and Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI 02860, USA; (H.Y.); (A.L.P.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02860, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-401-444-5648
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7
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Wang X, Ma B, Li G, Sheng C, Yang P, Gao J, Qu S. Glucose-Lipid Metabolism in Obesity with Elevated Prolactin Levels and Alteration of Prolactin Levels After Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy. Obes Surg 2020; 30:4004-4013. [PMID: 32700179 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-020-04771-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We investigated the differences in metabolism between obesity with or without increased prolactin (PRL) and the change in PRL after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG). METHODS Patients were divided into two groups: obesity with normal PRL (NP, n = 123) and high PRL (HP, n = 108). Glucose-lipid metabolism and inflammation were measured. A total of 115 patients with obesity (NP, n = 64; HP, n = 51) underwent LSG were recruited, and PRL was measured at 12 months after LSG. RESULTS (1) Blood glucose (BG), total cholesterol (TCH), LDL, triglyceride, and TNF-α were lower in the HP than in the NP group in the cross-sectional study (all P < 0.05). (2) PRL was negatively associated with neck circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, systolic blood pressure, heart rate, basal metabolism rate (BMR), ALP, TCH, and LDL in all subjects. PRL levels were positively associated with weight, HC, and BMR in males but were negatively associated with ALT, AST, ALP, BG 30 min, BG 60 min, FFA, and TCH in females (all P < 0.05). (3) Regression analysis showed that PRL negatively correlated with ALP and LDL-C in the whole baseline (β = - 0.051, P = 0.002; β = - 1.372, P = 0.033). PRL was a negative factor for ALP in females and a positive factor for BMR2 in males (β = - 0.099, P = 0.041; β = 0.005, P = 0.006). (4) PRL decreased in the HP group and increased in the NP group at 12 months post-operation (all P < 0.05). Increased PRL was associated with a change in TCH in the NP group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Increased PRL resulted in improved glucose-lipid metabolism and chronic low-grade inflammation. LSG led to increased PRL in NP and decreased PRL in HP. Improved lipid was associated with increased PRL in NP after surgery. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ChiCTR-OCS-12002381.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingchun Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, No. 301 Middle Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, China.,Thyroid Research Center of Shanghai, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Bingwei Ma
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, No. 301 Middle Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Guifang Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, No. 301 Middle Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Chunjun Sheng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, No. 301 Middle Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, China.,Thyroid Research Center of Shanghai, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Peng Yang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, No. 301 Middle Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, China.,Thyroid Research Center of Shanghai, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Jingyang Gao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, No. 301 Middle Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Shen Qu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, No. 301 Middle Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, China. .,Thyroid Research Center of Shanghai, Shanghai, 200072, China.
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Schipper L, Harvey L, van der Beek EM, van Dijk G. Home alone: a systematic review and meta-analysis on the effects of individual housing on body weight, food intake and visceral fat mass in rodents. Obes Rev 2018; 19:614-637. [PMID: 29334694 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 11/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Rats and mice are widely used to study environmental effects on psychological and metabolic health. Study designs differ widely and are often characterized by varying (social) housing conditions. In itself, housing has a profound influence on physiology and behaviour of rodents, affecting energy balance and sustainable metabolic health. However, evidence for potential long-term consequences of individual versus social housing on body weight and metabolic phenotype is inconsistent. We conducted a systematic literature review and meta-analyses assessing effects of individual versus social housing of rats and mice, living under well-accepted laboratory conditions, on measures of metabolic health, including body weight, food intake and visceral adipose tissue mass. Seventy-one studies were included in this review; 59 were included in the meta-analysis. Whilst housing did not affect body weight, both food intake and visceral adipose tissue mass were significantly higher in individually compared with socially housed animals. A combination of emotional stress and lack of social thermoregulation likely contributed to these effects. Increased awareness of consequences and improved specifications of housing conditions are necessary to accurately evaluate efficacy of drugs, diets or other interventions on metabolic and other health outcomes because housing conditions are rarely considered as possible moderators of reported outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Schipper
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES), Neurobiology Cluster, Department Behavioural Neurosciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Nutricia Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - E M van der Beek
- Nutricia Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Paediatrics, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - G van Dijk
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES), Neurobiology Cluster, Department Behavioural Neurosciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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9
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Postprandial changes in glucose oxidation and insulin sensitivity in metabolic syndrome: Influence of fibroblast growth factor 21 and vitamin D status. Nutrition 2017; 37:37-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2016.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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10
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Forearm to fingertip skin temperature gradients in the thermoneutral zone were significantly related to resting metabolic rate: potential implications for nutrition research. Eur J Clin Nutr 2017; 71:1074-1079. [PMID: 28378846 DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2017.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Revised: 02/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Resting metabolic rate (RMR) should be measured in the thermoneutral zone (TNZ). Forearm to fingertip skin temperature gradients (FFG) could serve as an objective measure of this pre-condition. SUBJECTS/METHODS Eighty-six adult Australians were studied at 25 °C in a temperature-controlled chamber. Measurements of overnight fasted RMR, respiratory quotient (RQ) and FFG were complemented by clinical biochemistry. McAuley's Index of insulin sensitivity (McA_ISI) and presence of metabolic syndrome was determined. Physical activity was estimated from the short version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Fat mass (FM) and fat-free mass (FFM) were obtained from dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Twenty-nine participants were assessed for changes in RMR (ΔRMR), RQ (ΔRQ) and FFG (ΔFFG) following a 6-month free-living period. Multiple linear regression analyses of RMR and RQ on FFG, and of ΔRMR and ΔRQ on ΔFFG were conducted after controlling for 12 known determinants of energy metabolism. RESULTS There were wide between-subject variations in unadjusted FFG ranging from -4.25 to +7.8 °C. The final parsimonious model for cross-sectional observations of RMR included age, FM, FFM, McA_ISI and FFG (β=63 kJ/d (95% confidence interval (CI): 14.2, 112.1, P=0.012)). However, FFG was unrelated to RQ.In the longitudinal cohort, adjusted ΔRMR significantly associated only with ΔFFG (β=100 kJ/d (95% CI: 10.3, 189.1; P=0.030)), and adjusted ΔRQ associated with ΔFFG (-0.003 (95% CI: -0.005, 0.0002, P=0.038)), age and McA_ISI. CONCLUSIONS Sizeable between-subject variations in FFG at 25 °C were associated with RMR and RQ. Monitoring FFG may serve as an objective assessment of the TNZ during RMR measurements.
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11
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Calton EK, Pathak K, Soares MJ, Alfonso H, Keane KN, Newsholme P, Cummings NK, Chan She Ping-Delfos W, Hamidi A. Vitamin D status and insulin sensitivity are novel predictors of resting metabolic rate: a cross-sectional analysis in Australian adults. Eur J Nutr 2015; 55:2075-80. [PMID: 26306671 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-015-1021-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Resting metabolic rate (RMR) accounts for two-thirds of the total energy expenditure in sedentary individuals. After accounting for traditional factors, there still remains a considerable unexplained variance in RMR. There is a pandemic of obesity and metabolic syndrome (MetS) which coexists with a high prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential effects of vitamin D status, insulin sensitivity (IS) and the metabolic syndrome (MetS) on RMR in Australian adults. METHODS RMR, respiratory quotient (RQ), McAuley's insulin sensitivity index, fat mass (FM), fat-free mass (FFM) and vitamin D status were assessed in Australian adults. The presence of MetS was evaluated by current standard criteria. Predictors of RMR were examined through multiple linear regression based on stepwise and backward regression approaches with attention to multi-collinearity. All analyses were conducted on SPSS version 21. RESULTS One hundred and twenty-seven participants (45 men, 82 women), aged 53.4 ± 11.7 years and BMI 31.9 ± 5.2 kg/m(2), were included. Forty-one subjects were insufficient in vitamin D status (<50 nmol/L), and 75 participants had the MetS. A parsimonious regression model explained 85.8 % of RMR and was given by: RMR (kJ/d) = 1931 + 83.5 × FFM (kg) + 29.5 × FM (kg) + 5.65 × 25(OH)D (nmol/L) - 17.6 × age (years) - 57.51 × IS. CONCLUSION Vitamin D status and IS are novel independent predictors of RMR in adults. Future studies could validate a causal role for these factors in human energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- E K Calton
- Nutrition, Dietetics and Food Technology, School of Public Health, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute-Metabolic Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA, 6102, Australia
| | - K Pathak
- Nutrition, Dietetics and Food Technology, School of Public Health, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute-Metabolic Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA, 6102, Australia
| | - M J Soares
- Nutrition, Dietetics and Food Technology, School of Public Health, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute-Metabolic Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA, 6102, Australia.
| | - H Alfonso
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, 6102, Australia
| | - K N Keane
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute-Biosciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, 6102, Australia
| | - P Newsholme
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute-Biosciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, 6102, Australia
| | - N K Cummings
- Optimal Nutrition and Exercise, St John of God Medical Clinic and Wexford Medical Centre, 100 Murdoch Drive, Murdoch, WA, 6150, Australia
| | - W Chan She Ping-Delfos
- General Practice and Primary Care Research Unit, School of Medicine, The University of Notre Dame Australia, 19 Mount Street, Fremantle, WA, 6959, Australia
| | - A Hamidi
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute-Biosciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, 6102, Australia
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Guinan EM, Connolly EM, Kennedy MJ, Hussey J. The presentation of metabolic dysfunction and the relationship with energy output in breast cancer survivors: a cross-sectional study. Nutr J 2013; 12:99. [PMID: 23855321 PMCID: PMC3717288 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2891-12-99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2013] [Accepted: 07/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Breast cancer prognosis can be adversely influenced by obesity, physical inactivity and metabolic dysfunction. Interventions aimed at improving surrogate markers of breast cancer risk such as insulin resistance may result in improved breast cancer outcomes. The design of such interventions may be improved through increased understanding of metabolic presentation in this cohort. This cross-sectional study aimed to characterise the metabolic profile of breast cancer survivors relative to abdominal obesity and insulin resistance. A secondary aim was to compare measures of energy output across these groups. Methods Sixty-nine women (mean (SD) age 53.43 (9.39) years) who had completed adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy for breast cancer were recruited. All measures were completed during one assessment conducted 3.1 (1.0) years post diagnosis. Body composition was measured by bioimpedance analysis and waist circumference (WC). Fasting (12 hour) blood samples were drawn to measure lipid profile, glucose, insulin, glycosylated haemoglobin A1c (HBA1c) and C-reactive protein (CRP). Insulin resistance was estimated by the homeostatic model assessment index (HOMA-IR)). Energy output was evaluated by resting metabolic rate (RMR) measured by indirect calorimetry and physical activity measured by accelerometry. Characteristics were compared across four groups (1. WC <80 cm, not insulin resistant; 2. WC 80–87.9 cm, not insulin resistant; 3. WC >88 cm, not insulin resistant; 4. WC >80 cm, insulin resistant) using ANOVA (p < 0.05). Results Group 4 was characterised by significant disturbances in measures of glucose metabolism (glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR and HBA1c) and raised CRP compared to other groups. Group 4 also displayed evidence of dyslipidemia and higher body composition values compared to Groups 1 and 2. Both absolute and adjusted RMR were significantly higher in the Group 4 versus all other groups. Physical activity levels were similar for all groups. Conclusions The results from this study suggest that participants who were both centrally obese and insulin resistant showed evidence of dyslipidemia, low-grade inflammation and glucose dysregulation. Metabolic profiles of participants who were centrally obese only were not significantly different from lean participants. Consideration of baseline metabolic presentation may be useful when considering the therapeutic targets for future interventions in this cohort.
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Calton EK, Miller VS, Soares MJ. Factors determining the risk of the metabolic syndrome: is there a central role for adiponectin? Eur J Clin Nutr 2013; 67:485-91. [PMID: 23361156 DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2013.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The pathogenesis of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) is not well understood. This review is based on the hypothesis that both traditional and emerging risk factors act through adiponectin. SUBJECTS AND METHODS We conducted a search of the literature using prominent electronic databases and search terms that included in combination: adiponectin, diet, dietary patterns, exercise, metabolic rate, MetS and testosterone. Articles were restricted to studies conducted on adult humans, reported in English and within the time period 2000-2012. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Both traditional and emerging risk factors associated with the MetS show some evidence of exerting their influence through adiponectin. High-quality randomized controlled trials that alter adiponectin levels are required to further corroborate this hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- E K Calton
- Discipline of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Public Health, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
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