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Pathak K, Zhao Y, Calton EK, James AP, Newsholme P, Sherriff J, Soares MJ. The impact of leucine supplementation on body composition and glucose tolerance following energy restriction: an 8-week RCT in adults at risk of the metabolic syndrome. Eur J Clin Nutr 2024; 78:155-162. [PMID: 37923932 PMCID: PMC10853066 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-023-01360-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND L-Leucine (Leu) supplementation may benefit fat-free mass (FFM) per se and glucose metabolism. OBJECTIVES To determine whether Leu supplementation during energy restriction blunted the loss of FFM, enhanced the loss of fat mass (FM) and improved glucose tolerance. DESIGN Thirty-seven adults, aged 20-65 years, with increased waist circumference and at least one other metabolic syndrome (MetS) component, were selected. We employed a two-arm parallel, double blind, randomized control trial (RCT) design. Participants were randomly assigned to an intervention group (leucine - 3 g/d) or placebo (lactose - 2.67 g/d), while following an individualised energy restricted diet for an 8-week period. Detailed body composition (DEXA), oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), insulin and components of MetS were measured before and after the trial. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) assessed the effect of Leu on an intention-to-treat (ITT) principle. Bootstrapping method with 1000 bootstrap samples was used to derive parameter estimates, standard errors, p-values, and 95% confidence intervals for all outcomes. RESULTS Adjusted for baseline values and other covariates, FFM (p = 0.045) and lean tissue mass (LTM) (p = 0.050) were significantly higher following Leu. These outcomes were modified by a significant treatment x sex interaction that indicated Leu had the greater effect in men. However, on adjustment for body composition changes, there was no difference in insulin sensitivity, oral glucose tolerance, or change in MetS components following Leu. CONCLUSION Short-term leucine supplementation during energy restriction resulted in a greater preservation of FFM and LTM particularly in men, but did not impact glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaveri Pathak
- Curtin School of Population Health, Curtin University, Bentley Campus, Perth, WA, 6102, Australia.
| | - Yun Zhao
- Curtin School of Population Health, Curtin University, Bentley Campus, Perth, WA, 6102, Australia
| | - Emily K Calton
- Curtin School of Population Health, Curtin University, Bentley Campus, Perth, WA, 6102, Australia
| | - Anthony P James
- Curtin School of Population Health, Curtin University, Bentley Campus, Perth, WA, 6102, Australia
| | - Philip Newsholme
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Bentley Campus, Perth, WA, 6102, Australia
| | - Jill Sherriff
- Curtin School of Population Health, Curtin University, Bentley Campus, Perth, WA, 6102, Australia
| | - Mario J Soares
- Curtin School of Population Health, Curtin University, Bentley Campus, Perth, WA, 6102, Australia.
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Jakka SK, Silva MMP, Soares MJ, Pavani K. Exploring the potential of Eu 3+ and Mn 4+ activated LaAlO 3 phosphors as red and far-red emitters for horticulture lighting. RSC Adv 2023; 13:31314-31320. [PMID: 37901268 PMCID: PMC10600514 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra03241h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of efficient red and far-red emitters, for efficient plant absorption in the Photosynthetically Active Radiation (PAR) region, holds significance in contemporary plant growth control. This study focuses on the synthesis and characterization of LaAlO3 as a host material, doped with Eu3+ and Mn4+ ions, using a solid-state reaction method. The investigation encompasses the creation and analysis of both single-doped and co-doped samples, employing techniques including X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. XRD analysis consistently confirmed the perovskite-like structure of all samples, devoid of detectable impurities or major structural changes due to doping. SEM images revealed a uniform distribution of regularly shaped particles for the co-doped sample. The PL spectroscopy showed that the doping led to strong photoluminescence, with the co-doped sample exhibiting the intensity of each of the ions independently neither exhibiting quenching nor energy transfer mechanisms. The excitation spectrum of Eu3+ exhibited a broad charge transfer band at approximately 328 nm, coupled with characteristic f-f excitation bands. On the other hand, the Mn4+ ion's excitation spectrum featured transitions from ground state (4A2g) electrons excited to higher excited states (4T1g, 2T2g, and 4T2g) centered at 350 nm and within the region 250-550 nm. The co-doped sample was excited at a common excitation wavelength of 460 nm and underwent an in-depth examination of its photoluminescent properties, including decay curves analysis and time dependence also. The results from this study suggest that the synthesized phosphor materials exhibit substantial potential for diverse applications, including but not limited to solid-state lighting for efficient plant growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Jakka
- I3N & Physics Department, University of Aveiro Aveiro 3810-193 Portugal
| | - M M P Silva
- I3N & Physics Department, University of Aveiro Aveiro 3810-193 Portugal
| | - M J Soares
- I3N & Physics Department, University of Aveiro Aveiro 3810-193 Portugal
| | - K Pavani
- I3N & Physics Department, University of Aveiro Aveiro 3810-193 Portugal
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Westerterp K, Soares MJ. Challenges in measuring energy balance and body composition. Eur J Clin Nutr 2023; 77:509-510. [PMID: 37076535 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-023-01286-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- K Westerterp
- School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - M J Soares
- School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, 6104, Western Australia, Australia.
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Ong JYY, Pathak K, Zhao Y, Calton E, Reid CM, Soares MJ. Higher fasting fibroblast growth factor 21 was associated with a greater decline in postprandial blood pressure. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2023; 17:102720. [PMID: 36724701 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2023.102720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A fall in blood pressure (BP) following a meal is well known and is usually a transient phenomenon, due to appropriate cardiovascular adjustments. Older individuals and those with high BP experience a greater postprandial fall that can manifest as postprandial hypotension (PPH). Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is positively associated with BP, and is known to increase after meal ingestion. We explored whether fasting FGF21 or its postprandial change would be associated with meal induced BP change, after accounting for several covariates. METHODS Eighty-three Western Australian adults were studied. Supine resting BP was recorded and an oral glucose test was administered. Serial measurements of systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) were then made in duplicate every 30 min up to 120 min. Fasting and 120 min blood samples were analysed for FGF21 and clinical chemistry. Multiple linear regression analyses of the incremental area under curve of postprandial SBP and DBP was conducted on 12 known determinants. RESULTS The final parsimonious model based on backward regression of postprandial SBP included fasting SBP, gender, fasting insulin and fasting FGF21 (β = -0.009 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.017, -0.002, P = 0.015)). For postprandial DBP these included fasting DBP, gender, fasting glucose, fasting insulin and fasting FGF21 (β = -0.005; 95% CI: 0.010, -0.001, P = 0.021). CONCLUSIONS A higher fasting FGF21, independent of glucose and insulin, was associated with a greater postprandial decline in SBP and in DBP.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kaveri Pathak
- Curtin School of Population Health, Faculty of Health Science, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Yun Zhao
- Curtin School of Population Health, Faculty of Health Science, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Emily Calton
- Curtin School of Population Health, Faculty of Health Science, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Christopher M Reid
- Curtin School of Population Health, Faculty of Health Science, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; School of Public Health & Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mario J Soares
- Curtin School of Population Health, Faculty of Health Science, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
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Soares MJ, Zhao Y, Calton EK, Pathak K. Triglycerides and systolic blood pressure negatively mediate the direct relationship of vitamin D status to resting energy expenditure: A cross sectional analysis. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2022; 16:102664. [PMID: 36402072 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2022.102664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS We determined whether individual components of metabolic syndrome (MetS) mediated the direct association of vitamin D status (25OHD) on resting energy expenditure (REE). METHODS Multiple linear regression determined predictors of REE from data on 180 men and women from two ethnic groups. We then modelled a mediation pathway through components of MetS on the direct association between 25OHD and REE. The mediation modelling used the PROCESS SPSS Macro (version 4.0) based on 5000 bootstrapped samples, with the adjustment for different sets of covariates. RESULTS REE was significantly predicted by age, fat mass (FM), fat free mass (FFM), ethnicity, inverse ln insulin, 25OHD, triglycerides (TG), systolic blood pressure (SBP) and, to some extent, by time of REE measurements (p < 0.094). Adjustment for all these covariates, resulted in a negative indirect mediation effect of TG [β coefficient (bootstrapped SE): 0.95 (0.519); bootstrapped 95% CI: 2.172, -0.165; p < 0.05] and a concurrent negative mediation of SBP [β coefficient (bootstrapped SE): 0.72(0.484); bootstrapped 95% CI: 1.851, -0.011; p < 0.05]. There remained a positive direct pathway from 25OHD to REE [β coefficient (S.E): 4.715 (2.129); p = 0.028], however the total effect of 25OHD was dampened [β coefficient (S.E): 3.04 (2.126); p = 0.154]. CONCLUSIONS Independent of insulin sensitivity, a negative mediation by TG and SBP dampened the overall effect of 25OHD on REE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario J Soares
- Curtin School of Population Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley Campus, Perth, Western Australia, 6102, Australia.
| | - Yun Zhao
- Curtin School of Population Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley Campus, Perth, Western Australia, 6102, Australia
| | - Emily K Calton
- Curtin School of Population Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley Campus, Perth, Western Australia, 6102, Australia
| | - Kaveri Pathak
- Curtin School of Population Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley Campus, Perth, Western Australia, 6102, Australia
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Babaei N, Davarzani S, Motlagh S, Ebaditabar M, Saeidifard N, Mohammadi-Farsani G, Djafarian K, Soares MJ, Shab-Bidar S. Cross sectional determinants of VO 2 max in free living Iranians: Potential role of metabolic syndrome components and vitamin D status. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2022; 16:102553. [PMID: 35780524 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2022.102553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The purpose of the study was to evaluate the determinants of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) in Iranian adults and the potential contribution of vitamin D status. METHODS In this cross-sectional study 264 cases (116 men and 147 women aged 18-70 years old were participated. Maximal oxygen consumption (VO2 max) was measured by the Bruce protocol utilizing treadmill exercise testing. Anthropometric data, body composition and fasting blood glucose and lipid concentrations were measured. Serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D) were assessed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Stepwise linear regression analysis was applied to determine significant predictors of VO2 peak. We tested non-linear (quadratic and cubic terms) versus linear association of adjusted (for determinants) VO2 max and vitamin D levels. RESULTS Multiple regression results showed that fat free mass, HDL-C and physical activity, waist circumference, age and sex were determinants of VO2 peak. All of these explained the 65.3% of VO2 peak. There was a non-linear cubic association (R2 = 0.03, p = 0.046) between serum 25(OH)D and adjusted VO2 peak in which 25(OH)D in people with a high 25(OH)D levels (>60 nmol/L), had better fitness and those with serum 25(OH) less than 20 nmol/L. We found no linear and non-linear associations between serum 1,25(OH)2 D and adjusted VO2 max. CONCLUSIONS Our results showed that waist circumference and HDL-C, as components of metabolic syndrome, contribute ∼2% to the variance in VO2 max. Moreover, high concentrations of 25(OH)D but not 1,25(OH)2 D may make additional contributions to CRF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Babaei
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Samira Davarzani
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Sheida Motlagh
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojdeh Ebaditabar
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasim Saeidifard
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Mohammadi-Farsani
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Kurosh Djafarian
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mario J Soares
- School of Population Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA, 6102, Australia
| | - Sakineh Shab-Bidar
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran.
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Gilbey SE, Reid CM, Huxley RR, Soares MJ, Zhao Y, Rumchev KB. The Association between Exposure to Residential Indoor Volatile Organic Compounds and Measures of Central Arterial Stiffness in Healthy Middle-Aged Men and Women. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:ijerph19020981. [PMID: 35055806 PMCID: PMC8776238 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19020981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
It is well reported that individuals spend up to 90% of their daily time indoors, with between 60% to 90% of this time being spent in the home. Using a cross-sectional study design in a population of 111 healthy adults (mean age: 52.3 ± 9.9 years; 65% women), we investigated the association between exposure to total volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in indoor residential environments and measures of central arterial stiffness, known to be related to cardiovascular risk. Indoor VOC concentrations were measured along with ambulatory measures of pulse pressure (cPP), augmentation index (cAIx) and cAIx normalized for heart rate (cAIx75), over a continuous 24-h period. Pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) was determined during clinical assessment. Multiple regression analysis was performed to examine the relationship between measures of arterial stiffness and VOCs after adjusting for covariates. Higher 24-h, daytime and night-time cAIx was associated with an interquartile range increase in VOCs. Similar effects were shown with cAIx75. No significant effects were observed between exposure to VOCs and cPP or cfPWV. After stratifying for sex and age (≤50 years; >50 years), effect estimates were observed to be greater and significant for 24-h and daytime cAIx in men, when compared to women. No significant effect differences were seen between age groups with any measure of arterial stiffness. In this study, we demonstrated that residential indoor VOCs exposure was adversely associated with some measures of central arterial stiffness, and effects were different between men and women. Although mechanistic pathways remain unclear, these findings provide a possible link between domestic VOCs exposure and unfavourable impacts on individual-level cardiovascular disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne E. Gilbey
- School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth 6148, Australia; (C.M.R.); (M.J.S.); (Y.Z.); (K.B.R.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Christopher M. Reid
- School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth 6148, Australia; (C.M.R.); (M.J.S.); (Y.Z.); (K.B.R.)
- School of Public Health and Preventative Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne 3800, Australia
| | - Rachel R. Huxley
- Faculty of Health, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood 3125, Australia;
| | - Mario J. Soares
- School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth 6148, Australia; (C.M.R.); (M.J.S.); (Y.Z.); (K.B.R.)
| | - Yun Zhao
- School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth 6148, Australia; (C.M.R.); (M.J.S.); (Y.Z.); (K.B.R.)
| | - Krassi B. Rumchev
- School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth 6148, Australia; (C.M.R.); (M.J.S.); (Y.Z.); (K.B.R.)
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Ebaditabar M, Babaei N, Davarzani S, Imani H, Soares MJ, Shab-Bidar S. Lack of a relationship between vitamin D status and resting metabolic rate in Iranian adults. Am J Hum Biol 2020; 33:e23543. [PMID: 33274831 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Studies suggest a positive relationship between 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25(OH)D)) and resting metabolic rate (RMR). We aimed to determine whether this relationship was also true of populations with very low vitamin D status. METHODS Fat mass (FM) and fat free mass (FFM) were determined from multifrequency bioimpedance analysis (InBody 720, Korea). RMR was based on indirect calorimetry (Cortex Metalyser 3B, Germany). Fasting blood measurements of 25(OH)D concentration, glucose and triglycerides were measured. Data were analyzed separately on men and women by tertile of vitamin D status and multiple linear regression analysis. RESULTS Two hundred and sixty-three subjects (115 males; 148 females) with a mean age of 37 years and mean %body fat of 30.5% were studied. In women but not men, age, body weight, waist circumference, FM, and FFM increased significantly across tertiles of 25(OH)D. However, there was no difference in unadjusted or adjusted RMR across tertiles of 25OHD in both women and men. Stepwise forward regression analysis showed that age and FFM in men, age and FM in women but not by 25(OH)D, were determinants of RMR. In addition, RMR adjusted for age, sex, FM, FFM and triglyceride-glucose index did not relate to 25(OH)D when linear (r = 0, P = .98), quadratic (r = 0.008, P = .34), or cubic (r = 0.010, P = .43) relationships were tested. CONCLUSIONS Residual variation in RMR did not relate to vitamin D status in a group of Iranian adults with very low vitamin D status. Future studies could examine whether such a relationship holds true, after the normalization of vitamin D status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojdeh Ebaditabar
- Community Nutrition Department, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Nadia Babaei
- Community Nutrition Department, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Samira Davarzani
- Community Nutrition Department, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Imani
- Clinical Nutrition Department, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mario J Soares
- Nutrition & Dietetics, School of Public Health, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute-Metabolic Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Sakineh Shab-Bidar
- Community Nutrition Department, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
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Walz NL, Hinchliffe PM, Soares MJ, Dhaliwal SS, Newsholme P, Yovich JL, Keane KN. Serum Vitamin D status is associated with increased blastocyst development rate in women undergoing IVF. Reprod Biomed Online 2020; 41:1101-1111. [PMID: 33012659 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2020.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
RESEARCH QUESTION To determine the relationship between vitamin D (VitD) status and embryological, clinical pregnancy and live birth outcomes in women undergoing IVF. DESIGN Cross-sectional, observational study conducted at a university-affiliated private IVF clinic. A total of 287 women underwent 287 IVF cycles and received a fresh embryo transfer. Patients had their serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D2/D3 (VitD) determined on the day of oocyte retrieval, which was analysed in relation to blastocyst development rate, clinical pregnancy and live birth outcomes. RESULTS In stepwise, multivariable logistic regression models, increases in blastocyst development rate, number and quality, along with embryo cryopreservation and utilization rates were associated with women with a sufficient VitD status (≥20 ng/ml). For a single increase in the number of blastocysts generated per cycle or embryos cryopreserved per cycle, the likelihood for the patient to be VitD sufficient was increased by 32% (odds ratio [OR] 1.32, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.10-1.58, P = 0.002 and OR 1.33, 95% CI 1.10-1.60, P = 0.004, respectively). Clinical pregnancy (40.7% versus 30.8%, P = 0.086) and live birth rates (32.9% versus 25.8%, P = 0.195) in the sufficient VitD group versus the insufficient group were not significantly different and VitD sufficiency was not significantly associated with these outcomes. CONCLUSION A strong relationship was observed between blastocyst development and VitD sufficiency. However, there was no association between VitD and clinical pregnancy or live birth outcomes. Further larger studies are needed to investigate whether the observed effect on blastocyst development may have downstream implications on subsequent clinical pregnancy or live birth rates, and on a potential mechanism where sufficient VitD concentrations are linked to improved IVF outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita L Walz
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley WA 6845, Australia; PIVET Medical Centre, Leederville, Perth WA 6007, Australia
| | | | - Mario J Soares
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley WA 6845, Australia
| | - Satvinder S Dhaliwal
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley WA 6845, Australia; Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore
| | - Philip Newsholme
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley WA 6845, Australia
| | - John L Yovich
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley WA 6845, Australia; PIVET Medical Centre, Leederville, Perth WA 6007, Australia
| | - Kevin N Keane
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley WA 6845, Australia; PIVET Medical Centre, Leederville, Perth WA 6007, Australia.
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11
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Soares MJ, Müller MJ, Wolever TMS. Response to Letter from Bero et al. Eur J Clin Nutr 2019; 74:353-354. [PMID: 31822821 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-019-0546-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M J Soares
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Kent Street, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
| | - M J Müller
- Institute of Human Nutrition & Food Science, Christian Albrechts Universität, Kiel, Germany
| | - T M S Wolever
- Department of Nutritional Science and Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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Gilbey SE, Reid CM, Huxley RR, Soares MJ, Zhao Y, Rumchev K. Associations Between Sub-Clinical Markers of Cardiometabolic Risk and Exposure to Residential Indoor Air Pollutants in Healthy Adults in Perth, Western Australia: A Study Protocol. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2019; 16:ijerph16193548. [PMID: 31546738 PMCID: PMC6801858 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16193548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A growing body of epidemiological and clinical evidence has implicated air pollution as an emerging risk factor for cardiometabolic disease. Whilst individuals spend up to two-thirds of daily time in their domestic residential environment, very few studies have been designed to objectively measure the sub-clinical markers of cardiometabolic risk with exposure to domestic indoor air pollutants. This cross-sectional study aims to investigate associations between the components of domestic indoor air quality and selected sub-clinical cardiometabolic risk factors in a cohort of healthy adults living in Perth, Western Australia. METHODS One hundred and eleven non-smoking adults (65% female) living in non-smoking households who were aged between 35-69 years were recruited for the project. Study subjects were invited to participate in all sections of the study, which included: Domestic indoor air monitoring along with the concurrent 24 h ambulatory monitoring of peripheral and central blood pressure and measures of central hemodynamic indices, standardized questionnaires on aspects relating to current health status and the domestic environment, a 24 h time-activity diary during the monitoring period, and clinic-based health assessment involving collection of blood and urine biomarkers for lipid and glucose profiles, as well as measures of renal function and an analysis of central pulse wave and pulse wave velocity. RESULTS This study provides a standardized approach to the study of sub-clinical cardiometabolic health effects that are related to the exposure to indoor air pollution. CONCLUSION The findings of this study may provide direction for future research that will further contribute to our understanding of the relationship that exists between indoor air pollution and sub-clinical markers of cardiometabolic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne E Gilbey
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6148, Australia.
| | - Christopher M Reid
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6148, Australia.
- School of Public Health and Preventative Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia.
| | - Rachel R Huxley
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6148, Australia.
- College of Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia.
| | - Mario J Soares
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6148, Australia.
| | - Yun Zhao
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6148, Australia.
| | - Krassi Rumchev
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6148, Australia.
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Hills AP, Arena R, Khunti K, Yajnik CS, Jayawardena R, Henry CJ, Street SJ, Soares MJ, Misra A. Epidemiology and determinants of type 2 diabetes in south Asia. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2018; 6:966-978. [PMID: 30287102 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-8587(18)30204-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2016] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes has rapidly developed into a major public health problem in south Asia (defined here as Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka) in recent decades. During this period, major lifestyle changes associated with economic transition, industrialisation, urbanisation, and globalisation have been key determinants in the increasing burden of non-communicable diseases. A decline in nutrition quality, reduced physical activity, and increased sedentary behaviours are reflected in the increasing prevalence of type 2 diabetes and related risk factors in the region. The International Diabetes Federation 2017 estimates of the prevalence of diabetes in adults in the region range from 4·0% in Nepal to 8·8% in India. The prevalence of overweight ranges from 16·7% in Nepal to 26·1% in Sri Lanka, and the prevalence of obesity ranges from 2·9% in Nepal to 6·8% in Sri Lanka. An increasing proportion of children, adolescents, and women are overweight or obese, leading to a heightened risk of type 2 diabetes. Ethnic south Asians present with greater metabolic risk at lower levels of BMI compared with other ethnic groups (referred to as the south Asian phenotype), with type 2 diabetes often developing at a younger age, and with rapid progression of diabetic complications. Because of the presence of multiple risk factors and a body composition conducive to the development of type 2 diabetes, south Asians should be aggressively targeted for prevention. In this Series paper, we detail trends in the prevalence of diabetes in the region and address major determinants of the disease in the context of nutrition and physical activity transitions and the south Asian phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew P Hills
- College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS, Australia.
| | - Ross Arena
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois At Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kamlesh Khunti
- Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | | | - Ranil Jayawardena
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Christiani Jeyakumar Henry
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Clinical Nutrition Research Centre, Brenner Centre for Molecular Medicine, Singapore
| | - Steven J Street
- College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS, Australia
| | - Mario J Soares
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Anoop Misra
- Fortis C-DOC Centre of Excellence for Diabetes, Metabolic Diseases, and Endocrinology, New Delhi, India; National Diabetes, Obesity, and Cholesterol Foundation, New Delhi, India; Diabetes Foundation (India), New Delhi, India
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Hills AP, Misra A, Gill JMR, Byrne NM, Soares MJ, Ramachandran A, Palaniappan L, Street SJ, Jayawardena R, Khunti K, Arena R. Public health and health systems: implications for the prevention and management of type 2 diabetes in south Asia. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2018; 6:992-1002. [PMID: 30287104 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-8587(18)30203-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2016] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Many non-communicable chronic diseases, including type 2 diabetes, are highly prevalent, costly, and largely preventable. The prevention and management of type 2 diabetes in south Asia requires a combination of lifestyle changes and long-term health-care management. However, public health and health-care systems in south Asian countries face serious challenges, including the need to provide services to many people with inadequate resources, and substantial between-population and within-population inequalities. In this Series paper, we explore the importance and particular challenges of public health and health systems in south Asian countries (Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka) with respect to the provision of culturally appropriate lifestyle modification to prevent and manage diabetes, especially in resource-poor settings. Effective primary prevention strategies are urgently needed to counter risk factors and behaviours preconception, in utero, in infancy, and during childhood and adolescence. A concerted focus on education, training, and capacity building at the community level would ensure the more widespread use of non-physician care, including community health workers. Major investment from governments and other sources will be essential to achieve substantial improvements in the prevention and management of type 2 diabetes in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew P Hills
- College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS, Australia.
| | - Anoop Misra
- Fortis C-DOC Centre of Excellence for Diabetes, Metabolic Diseases, and Endocrinology, New Delhi, India; National Diabetes, Obesity, and Cholesterol Foundation, New Delhi, India; Diabetes Foundation (India), New Delhi, India
| | - Jason M R Gill
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Nuala M Byrne
- College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS, Australia
| | - Mario J Soares
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Ambady Ramachandran
- India Diabetes Research Foundation & Dr A Ramachandran's Diabetes Hospitals, Guindy, Chennai, India
| | | | - Steven J Street
- College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS, Australia
| | - Ranil Jayawardena
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Kamlesh Khunti
- Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Ross Arena
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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15
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Misra A, Soares MJ, Mohan V, Anoop S, Abhishek V, Vaidya R, Pradeepa R. Body fat, metabolic syndrome and hyperglycemia in South Asians. J Diabetes Complications 2018; 32:1068-1075. [PMID: 30115487 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of overweight and obesity is escalating in South Asian countries. South Asians display higher total and abdominal obesity at a lower BMI when compared to Whites. Consequently, metabolic dysfunction leading to metabolic syndrome (MetS) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) will account for a majority of the health burden of these countries. In this review, we discuss those factors that contribute to MetS and T2DM in South Asians when compared to whites, focusing on adiposity. Abdominal obesity is the single-most important risk factor for MetS and its predisposition to T2DM. Excessive ectopic fat deposition in the liver (non-alcoholic fatty liver disease) has been linked to insulin resistance in Asian Indians, while the effects of ectopic fat accumulation in pancreas and skeletal muscle need more investigation. South Asians also have lower skeletal muscle mass than Whites, and this may contribute to their higher risk T2DM. Lifestyle factors contributing to MetS and T2DM in South Asians include inadequate physical activity and high intakes of refined carbohydrates and saturated fats. These are reflective of the recent but rapid economic transition and urbanization of the South Asian region. There is need to further the research into genetic determinants of dysmetabolism as well as gene x environment interactions. Collectively, MetS and T2DM have multi-factorial antecedents in South Asians and efforts to combat it through low-cost and socio-culturally appropriate lifestyle interventions need to be supported.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Misra
- Centre of Nutrition & Metabolic Research (C-NET), National Diabetes, Obesity and Cholesterol Foundation (N-DOC), SDA, New Delhi, India; Diabetes Foundation (India), SDA, New Delhi, India; Fortis C-DOC Centre of Excellence for Diabetes, Metabolic Diseases and Endocrinology, Chirag Enclave, Nehru Place, New Delhi, India.
| | - Mario J Soares
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Viswanathan Mohan
- Department of Epidemiology & Diabetology, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation & Dr Mohan's Diabetes Specialties Centre, Chennai, India
| | - Shajith Anoop
- Centre of Nutrition & Metabolic Research (C-NET), National Diabetes, Obesity and Cholesterol Foundation (N-DOC), SDA, New Delhi, India; Diabetes Foundation (India), SDA, New Delhi, India
| | - Vishnu Abhishek
- Department of Epidemiology & Diabetology, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation & Dr Mohan's Diabetes Specialties Centre, Chennai, India
| | - Ruchi Vaidya
- Genetics of Obesity and Related Traits Program, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rajendra Pradeepa
- Department of Foods Nutrition & Dietetics Research, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Pathak K, Woodman RJ, James AP, Soares MJ. Fasting and glucose induced thermogenesis in response to three ambient temperatures: a randomized crossover trial in the metabolic syndrome. Eur J Clin Nutr 2018; 72:1421-1430. [PMID: 29326420 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-017-0058-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Cold exposure increases thermogenesis and could improve insulin sensitivity. We hypothesized a blunted response in the metabolic syndrome (MetS). SUBJECTS/METHODS Twenty older adults 59 ± 10.4 years (with MetS, MetS+, n = 9; without MetS, MetS-, n = 11) completed a randomized crossover design of 3.5 h exposures to 20, 25 and 27 °C on three visits. After an hour's rest at the desired temperature, resting metabolic rate (RMR), respiratory quotient (RQ), forearm to fingertip gradients (FFG), and in the ear temperature (IET) were measured over 30 min. An oral glucose tolerance test followed, and serial measurements were continued for 2 h. Venous blood was sampled for clinical chemistry, irisin, and fibroblast growth factor 21(FGF21). A mixed model ANCOVA adjusted data for age, gender, fat mass, fat-free mass and seasonality. RESULTS There was a significant MetS×temperature interaction where adjusted RMR was significantly higher in MetS+ compared to MetS- by 12% at 20 °C and by 6% at 25 °C, but similar at 27 °C. FFG increased and IET decreased with decreasing temperature to the same extent in both groups. Fasting irisin and FGF21 did not vary with temperature but the former was significantly higher in MetS-. Adjusted postprandial RQ and insulin to glucose ratios were significantly higher at 20 °C relative to 25 °C. Partial correlation analysis of differences between 27 and 20 °C indicated significant positive relationships between fasting as well as postprandial RQ and the respective changes in irisin and FGF21. CONCLUSIONS There could be an upward shift of the TNZ in MetS+, but this needs reevaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Pathak
- Food, Nutrition & Health, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, 6845, Australia
| | - R J Woodman
- Flinders Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Health Science Building, Flinders University of South Australia, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia
| | - A P James
- Food, Nutrition & Health, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, 6845, Australia
| | - M J Soares
- Food, Nutrition & Health, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, 6845, Australia.
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Pavani K, Suresh Kumar J, Srikanth K, Soares MJ, Pereira E, Neves AJ, Graça MPF. Highly efficient upconversion of Er 3+ in Yb 3+ codoped non-cytotoxic strontium lanthanum aluminate phosphor for low temperature sensors. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17646. [PMID: 29247223 PMCID: PMC5732271 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17725-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Er3+ and Er3+/Yb3+ melilite-based SrLaAl3O7 (SLA) phosphors were synthesized by a facile Pechine method. The differences in emission intensities of 4I13/2 → 4I15/2 transition in NIR region when excited with Ar+ and 980 nm lasers were explained in terms of energy transfer mechanisms. Temperature and power dependence of upconversion bands in the visible region centered at 528, 548 and 660 nm pertaining to 2H11/2, 4S3/2 and 4F9/2 → 4I15/2 transitions were investigated. Fluorescence intensity ratio (FIR) technique was used to explore temperature sensing behaviour of the thermally coupled levels 2H11/2/4S3/2 of Er3+ ions in the phosphors within the temperature range 14–300 K and the results were extrapolated up to 600 K. Anomalous intensity trend observed in Er3+ doped SLA phosphor was discussed using energy level structure. Cytotoxicity of phosphors has been evaluated using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay in Bluegill sunfish cells (BF-2). The non-cytotoxic nature and high sensitivity of the present phosphors pay a way for their use in vitro studies and provide potential interest as a thermo graphic phosphor at the contact of biological products.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Pavani
- Department of Physics & I3N, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - J Suresh Kumar
- Department of Physics & I3N, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - K Srikanth
- CESAM-Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies & Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - M J Soares
- Department of Physics & I3N, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - E Pereira
- CESAM-Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies & Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - A J Neves
- Department of Physics & I3N, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - M P F Graça
- Department of Physics & I3N, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
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18
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Muhardi L, Zhao Y, Solah V, Fyfe S, Soares MJ. The influence of ethnicity and glucose tolerance status on subjective hunger sensations and prospective food intake in overweight and obese Asian and European Australians. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2017; 11 Suppl 1:S391-S396. [PMID: 28325542 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2017.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To examine the influence of ethnicity and glucose tolerance status on subjective sensations and food intake in overweight/obese Asian and European Australians. METHODS 18 Asians and 26 Europids were classified as normal glucose tolerance (NGT) and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) based on serial measures of finger-prick glucose following an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Subjective sensations of hunger and satiety were measured before and every 15min after the OGTT using a visual analogue scale (VAS). Food intake was measured covertly from consumption of a buffet style lunch and from self-maintained 24h food records. All serial measurements were converted into total area under the curve (TAUC) and comparisons adjusted for age, fat and fat-free mass. RESULTS There was a significant difference interaction between ethnicity (ETH) and glucose tolerance (GTT) for subjective fullness, desire for food and prospective food intake. IGT Asians had significantly greater sensations of fullness, but lesser prospective food and desire to eat, as compared to other groups. However there were no differences in calorie and macronutrient intake at buffet lunch or over 24-h. CONCLUSION Interactions between ethnicity and glucose tolerance status in subjective sensations did not transcribe to differences in prospective food intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leilani Muhardi
- Food, Nutrition & Health, School of Public Health, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia.
| | - Yun Zhao
- Occupation & the Environment, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia.
| | - Vicky Solah
- Food, Nutrition & Health, School of Public Health, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia.
| | - Susan Fyfe
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia.
| | - Mario J Soares
- Food, Nutrition & Health, School of Public Health, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia.
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20
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J. Soares M. Editorial : Meet Our Editorial Board Member. CNF 2017. [DOI: 10.2174/157340131303170621075246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Pannu PK, Piers LS, Soares MJ, Zhao Y, Ansari Z. Vitamin D status is inversely associated with markers of risk for type 2 diabetes: A population based study in Victoria, Australia. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0178825. [PMID: 28575036 PMCID: PMC5456387 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A growing body of evidence suggests a protective role of vitamin D on the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We investigated this relationship in a population sample from one Australian state. The data of 3,393 Australian adults aged 18–75 years who participated in the 2009–2010 Victorian Health Monitor survey was analyzed. Socio-demographic information, biomedical variables, and dietary intakes were collected and fasting blood samples were analyzed for 25, hydroxycholecalciferol (25OHD), HbA1c, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), and lipid profiles. Logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate the association between tertiles of serum 25OHD and categories of FPG (<5.6 mmol/L vs. 5.6–6.9 mmol/L), and HbA1c (<5.7% vs. 5.7–6.4%). After adjusting for social, dietary, biomedical and metabolic syndrome (MetS) components (waist circumference, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, and blood pressure), every 10 nmol/L increment in serum 25OHD significantly reduced the adjusted odds ratio (AOR) of a higher FPG [AOR 0.91, (0.86, 0.97); p = 0.002] and a higher HbA1c [AOR 0.94, (0.90, 0.98); p = 0.009]. Analysis by tertiles of 25OHD indicated that after adjustment for socio-demographic and dietary variables, those with high 25OHD (65–204 nmol/L) had reduced odds of a higher FPG [AOR 0.60, (0.43, 0.83); p = 0.008] as well as higher HbA1c [AOR 0.67, (0.53, 0.85); p = 0.005] compared to the lowest 25OHD (10–44 nmol/L) tertile. On final adjustment for other components of MetS, those in the highest tertile of 25OHD had significantly reduced odds of higher FPG [AOR 0.61, (0.44, 0.84); p = 0.011] and of higher HbA1c [AOR 0.74, (0.58, 0.93); p = 0.041] vs. low 25OHD tertile. Overall, the data support a direct, protective effect of higher 25OHD on FPG and HbA1c; two criteria for assessment of risk of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poonam K. Pannu
- Food, Nutrition & Health, School of Public Health, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Leonard S. Piers
- Health Intelligence Unit, System Intelligence and Analytics Branch, Health Strategy, Productivity and Analytics Division, Department of Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mario J. Soares
- Food, Nutrition & Health, School of Public Health, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Yun Zhao
- Occupation and the Environment, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Zahid Ansari
- Health Intelligence Unit, System Intelligence and Analytics Branch, Health Strategy, Productivity and Analytics Division, Department of Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Calton EK, Keane KN, Newsholme P, Zhao Y, Soares MJ. The impact of cholecalciferol supplementation on the systemic inflammatory profile: a systematic review and meta-analysis of high-quality randomized controlled trials. Eur J Clin Nutr 2017; 71:931-943. [PMID: 28488684 DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2017.67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Causal links between vitamin D status [25(OH)D] and systemic inflammation were examined through a systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Selected RCTs were ⩾12 weeks, conducted in adults free of acute inflammatory disease, and of high-quality (Jadad score ⩾3). Of 14 studies that met our criteria, 9 studies (15 study arms) permitted extraction of data. There was no effect on the weighted mean difference (WMD) of IL-6 (WMD (95% confidence interval)=0.1, (-0.166, 0.366) pg/ml, P=0.462) or C-reactive protein (CRP) (WMD=-0.324, (-1.007, 0.359) mg/l, P=0.352). Subgroup analyses of trials achieving ⩾80 nmol/l indicated a trend for lower CRP (WMD=-0.834, (-1.726, 0.058) mg/l, P=0.067), however heterogeneity was significant (I2=66.7%, P=0.017). Studies employing a low dose (<1000 IU/d) showed increased CRP (WMD=0.615, (0.132, 1.098), P=0.013). In contrast, ⩾1000 IU/d had a favourable effect on CRP (WMD=-0.939, (-1.805, -0.073), P=0.034) but heterogeneity was significant (I2=61.3%, P=0.017). Meta-regression indicated that older age predicted a significant decrease in IL-6 (β=-0.02, (-0.034, -0.006) pg/ml, P=0.013) and CRP (β=-0.06, (-0.103, -0.017), P=0.01), whereas a greater percentage of females (β=0.027, (0.011, 0.044), P=0.004) and longer study duration independently predicted a higher WMD for CRP (β=0.049, (0.018, 0.079), P=0.005). Available high-quality RCTs did not support a beneficial effect of cholecalciferol on systemic IL-6 and CRP. Future studies should consider the confounding effects of age, gender and study duration, while possibly targeting an achieved 25(OH)D ⩾80 nmol/l.
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Affiliation(s)
- E K Calton
- Food, Nutrition &Health, School of Public Health, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - K N Keane
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - P Newsholme
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Y Zhao
- Occupation and the Environment, School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - M J Soares
- Food, Nutrition &Health, School of Public Health, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
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Soares MJ, Pannu PK, Calton EK, Reid CM, Hills AP. Vitamin D status and calcium intake in systemic inflammation, insulin resistance and the metabolic syndrome: An update on current evidence. Trends Food Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2017.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Keane KN, Cruzat VF, Calton EK, Hart PH, Soares MJ, Newsholme P, Yovich JL. Molecular actions of vitamin D in reproductive cell biology. Reproduction 2017; 153:R29-R42. [PMID: 30390417 DOI: 10.1530/rep-16-0386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D (VitD) is an important secosteroid and has attracted attention in several areas of research due to common VitD deficiency in the population, and its potential to regulate molecular pathways related to chronic and inflammatory diseases. VitD metabolites and the VitD receptor (VDR) influence many tissues including those of the reproductive system. VDR expression has been demonstrated in various cell types of the male reproductive tract, including spermatozoa and germ cells, and in female reproductive tissues including the ovaries, placenta and endometrium. However, the molecular role of VitD signalling and metabolism in reproductive function have not been fully established. Consequently, the aim of this work is to review current metabolic and molecular aspects of the VitD–VDR axis in reproductive medicine and to propose the direction of future research. Specifically, the influence of VitD on sperm motility, calcium handling, capacitation, acrosin reaction and lipid metabolism is examined. In addition, we will also discuss the effect of VitD on sex hormone secretion and receptor expression in primary granulosa cells, along with the impact on cytokine production in trophoblast cells. The review concludes with a discussion of the recent developments in VitD–VDR signalling specifically related to altered cellular bioenergetics, which is an emerging concept in the field of reproductive medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin N Keane
- School of Biomedical SciencesCurtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,PIVET Medical CentrePerth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Vinicius F Cruzat
- School of Biomedical SciencesCurtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Emily K Calton
- Health Promotion & Disease PreventionSchool of Public Health, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Prue H Hart
- Telethon Kids InstituteUniversity of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Mario J Soares
- Health Promotion & Disease PreventionSchool of Public Health, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Philip Newsholme
- School of Biomedical SciencesCurtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - John L Yovich
- School of Biomedical SciencesCurtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,PIVET Medical CentrePerth, Western Australia, Australia
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Irawati D, Mamo JCL, Dhaliwal SS, Soares MJ, Slivkoff-Clark KM, James AP. Plasma triglyceride and high density lipoprotein cholesterol are poor surrogate markers of pro-atherogenic chylomicron remnant homeostasis in subjects with the metabolic syndrome. Lipids Health Dis 2016; 15:169. [PMID: 27686975 PMCID: PMC5043522 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-016-0330-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Subjects with metabolic syndrome (MetS) exhibit impaired lipoprotein metabolism and have an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Although the risk is attributed primarily to the risk associated with individual components, it is also likely affected by other associated metabolic defects. Remnants of postprandial lipoproteins show potent atherogenicity in cell and animal models of insulin resistance and in pre-diabetic subjects with postprandial dyslipidemia. However, few studies have considered regulation of chylomicron remnant homeostasis in MetS per se. This study measured the plasma concentration in Caucasian men and women of small dense chylomicrons following fasting and explored associations with metabolic and anthropometric measures. METHODS A total of 215 Australian Caucasian participants (median age 62 years) were investigated. Of them, 40 participants were classified as having MetS. Apolipoprotein (apo) B-48, an exclusive marker of chylomicrons, metabolic markers and anthropometric measures were determined following an overnight fast. RESULTS The fasting apo B-48 concentration was 40 % higher in subjects with MetS than those without MetS. In all subjects, triglyceride (r = 0.445, P < 0.0005), non-HDL cholesterol (r = 0.28, P < 0.0005) and HDL cholesterol concentration (r = -0.272, P < 0.0005) were weakly associated with apo B-48 concentration. In subjects with MetS, the association of apo B-48 with triglyceride and non-HDL cholesterol was enhanced, but neither were robust markers of elevated apo B-48 in MetS (r = 0.618 and r = 0.595 respectively). There was no association between apo B-48 and HDL cholesterol in subjects with MetS. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates a substantial accumulation of pro-atherogenic remnants in subjects with MetS. We have shown that in a Caucasian cohort, the fasting plasma concentration of triglyceride or HDL/non-HDL cholesterol serves as poor surrogate markers of atherogenic chylomicron remnants. These findings suggest that subjects with MetS exhibit a chronic defect in chylomicron metabolism that is likely to contribute to their increased CV risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deasy Irawati
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA, 6845, Australia.,Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, Mataram University, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia
| | - John C L Mamo
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA, 6845, Australia.,Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Satvinder S Dhaliwal
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA, 6845, Australia.,Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Mario J Soares
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA, 6845, Australia.,Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Karin M Slivkoff-Clark
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA, 6845, Australia
| | - Anthony P James
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA, 6845, Australia. .,Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia.
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Amaral L, Ganho-Ávila A, Osório A, Soares MJ, He D, Chen Q, Mahon BZ, Gonçalves OF, Sampaio A, Fang F, Bi Y, Almeida J. Hemispheric asymmetries in subcortical visual and auditory relay structures in congenital deafness. Eur J Neurosci 2016; 44:2334-9. [PMID: 27421820 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Revised: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Neuroplasticity - the capacity of the brain to change as a response to internal and external pressures - has been studied from a number of different perspectives. Perhaps one of the most powerful models is the study of populations that have been congenitally deprived of a sense. It has been shown that the right Auditory Cortex (AC) of congenitally deaf humans is neuroplastically modified in order to represent visual properties of a stimulus. One unresolved question is how this visual information is routed to the AC of congenitally deaf individuals. Here, we performed volumetric analysis of subcortical auditory and visual brains regions - namely the thalamus (along with three thalamic nuclei: the pulvinar, the lateral geniculate nucleus and the medial geniculate nucleus), and the inferior and superior colliculi - in deaf and hearing participants in order to identify which structures may be responsible for relaying visual information toward the altered AC. Because there is a hemispheric asymmetry in the neuroplastic changes observed in the AC of the congenitally deaf, we reasoned that subcortical structures that also showed a similar asymmetry in their total volume could have been enlisted in the effort of relaying visual information to the neuroplastically altered right AC. We show that for deaf, but not for hearing individuals, the right thalamus, right lateral geniculate nucleus and right inferior colliculus are larger than their left counterparts. These results suggest that these subcortical structures may be responsible for rerouting visual information to the AC in congenital deafness.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Amaral
- Proaction Laboratory, Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3001-802, Coimbra, Portugal.,Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,CINEICC, Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - A Ganho-Ávila
- Proaction Laboratory, Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3001-802, Coimbra, Portugal.,Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Neuropsychophysiology Laboratory, Research Center in Psychology, School of Psychology, University of Minho, Minho, Portugal
| | - A Osório
- Social and Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory and Developmental Disorders Program, Center for Health and Biological Sciences, Mackenzie Presbyterian University, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - M J Soares
- Proaction Laboratory, Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3001-802, Coimbra, Portugal.,Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - D He
- Department of Psychology and Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Q Chen
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - B Z Mahon
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA.,Center for Visual Science, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - O F Gonçalves
- Neuropsychophysiology Laboratory, Research Center in Psychology, School of Psychology, University of Minho, Minho, Portugal.,Bouvé College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - A Sampaio
- Neuropsychophysiology Laboratory, Research Center in Psychology, School of Psychology, University of Minho, Minho, Portugal
| | - F Fang
- Department of Psychology and Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.,PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Y Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - J Almeida
- Proaction Laboratory, Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3001-802, Coimbra, Portugal. .,Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal. .,CINEICC, Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
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Calton EK, Soares MJ, James AP, Woodman RJ. The potential role of irisin in the thermoregulatory responses to mild cold exposure in adults. Am J Hum Biol 2016; 28:699-704. [DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.22853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Revised: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Emily K. Calton
- Health Promotion & Disease Prevention, School of Public Health, CHIRI-Metabolic Health; Curtin University; Perth Western Australia, Australia
| | - Mario J. Soares
- Health Promotion & Disease Prevention, School of Public Health, CHIRI-Metabolic Health; Curtin University; Perth Western Australia, Australia
| | - Anthony P. James
- Health Promotion & Disease Prevention, School of Public Health, CHIRI-Metabolic Health; Curtin University; Perth Western Australia, Australia
| | - Richard J. Woodman
- Faculty of Medicine, Flinders Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics School of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences; Flinders University of South Australia; Adelaide South Australia 5001
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Jayawardena R, Byrne NM, Soares MJ, Katulanda P, Hills AP. Validity of a food frequency questionnaire to assess nutritional intake among Sri Lankan adults. Springerplus 2016; 5:162. [PMID: 27026859 PMCID: PMC4766149 DOI: 10.1186/s40064-016-1837-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Sri Lanka is undergoing nutritional transition and diet-related chronic diseases are emerging as an important health problem. Currently, no validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) exists to measure habitual dietary intake of Sri Lankan adults. The purpose of the study is to assess the validity of a semi-quantitative FFQ and 7-day weighed-intake dietary records (7DWR), designed to assess dietary intake among Sri Lankan adults. Dietary intake was measured using both a FFQ and 7DWR. The FFQ consisted of 8 food groups containing the main foods comprising the diet of Sri Lankan adults, a total of 85 items and 12 color photographs to identify serving size. One hundred healthy adults were randomly recruited from a community sample and administrated the FFQ followed by completion of the 7DWR. Paired sample t tests, Pearson’s correlation coefficients, kappa test and Bland–Altman analysis were conducted to determine correlation and the level of agreement for energy and micronutrients. Seventy-seven participants completed both the FFQ and 7DWR. Estimated mean energy intake (SD) from FFQ (1794 ± 398 kcal) and 7DWR (1698 ± 333 kcal, p < 0.001) were significantly different due to a significant overestimation of carbohydrate (11.5 g/day, p < 0.001) and to some extent fat (5.7 g/day, ns). Significant positive correlations (p < 0.05) were found between the FFQ and 7DWR for energy (r = 0.39), carbohydrate (r = 0.47), protein (r = 0.26), fat (r = 0.17) and dietary fiber (r = 0.32). Bland–Altman graphs indicated fairly good agreement between methods with no relationship between bias and average intake of each nutrient examined. Based on these findings, the FFQ appears to be an acceptable tool for assessing the nutrient intake of Sri Lankans and will assist proper categorization of individuals by dietary intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranil Jayawardena
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka ; Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD Australia
| | - Nuala M Byrne
- Bond Institute of Health and Sport, Bond University, Gold Coast, Australia
| | - Mario J Soares
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA Australia
| | - Prasad Katulanda
- Diabetes Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Andrew P Hills
- School of Health Sciences, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS Australia
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Abstract
There is a pandemic of lifestyle-related diseases. In both developed and lesser developed countries of the world, an inadequacy of calcium intake and low vitamin D status is common. In this chapter, we explore a mechanistic framework that links calcium and vitamin D status to chronic conditions including obesity, systemic inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, dyslipidemia and cardiovascular disease, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. We also update the available clinical evidence, mainly from randomized controlled trials, to provide a synthesis of evidence in favor or against these hypotheses. There is consistent data to support calcium increasing whole body fat oxidation and increasing fecal fat excretion, while there is good cellular evidence for vitamin D reducing inflammation. Clinical trials support a marginal reduction in circulating lipids and some meta-analysis support an increase in insulin sensitivity following vitamin D. However, these mechanistic pathways and intermediate biomarkers of disease do not consistently transcribe into measurable health outcomes. Cementing the benefits of calcium and vitamin D for extraskeletal health needs a reexamination of the target 25(OH)D level to be achieved and the minimum duration of future trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poonam K Pannu
- School of Public Health, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute-Metabolic Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Emily K Calton
- School of Public Health, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute-Metabolic Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Mario J Soares
- School of Public Health, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute-Metabolic Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia.
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Calton EK, Keane KN, Newsholme P, Soares MJ. The Impact of Vitamin D Levels on Inflammatory Status: A Systematic Review of Immune Cell Studies. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0141770. [PMID: 26528817 PMCID: PMC4631349 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0141770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 236] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic low-grade inflammation accompanies obesity and its related chronic conditions. Both peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and cell lines have been used to study whether vitamin D has immune modulating effects; however, to date a detailed systematic review describing the published evidence has not been completed. We therefore conducted a systematic review on the effect of vitamin D on the protein expression and secretion of inflammatory markers by human-derived immune cells. The review was registered at the International Prospective Register for Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO, Registration number CRD42015023222). A literature search was conducted using Pubmed, Science Direct, Scopus, Web of Science and Medline. The search strategy used the following search terms: Vitamin D or cholecalciferol or 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin or 25-hydroxy-Vitamin D and Inflam* or cytokine* and supplement* or cell*. These terms were searched in the abstract, title and keywords. Inclusion criteria for study selection consisted of human-derived immune cell lines or cellular studies where PBMCs were obtained from humans, reported in the English language, and within the time period of 2000 to 2015. The selection protocol was mapped according to PRISMA guidelines. Twenty three studies (7 cell line and 16 PBMCs studies) met our criteria. All studies selected except one used the active metabolite 1,25(OH)2, with one study using cholecalciferol and two studies also using 25(OH)D. Four out of seven cell line studies showed an anti-inflammatory effect where suppression of key markers such as macrophage chemotactic protein 1, interleukin 6 and interleukin 8 were observed. Fourteen of sixteen PBMC studies also showed a similar anti-inflammatory effect based on common inflammatory endpoints. Mechanisms for such effects included decreased protein expression of toll-like receptor-2 and toll-like receptor-4; lower levels of phosphorylated p38 and p42/42; reduced expression of phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 and decreased reactive oxygen species. This review demonstrates that an anti-inflammatory effect of vitamin D is a consistent observation in studies of cell lines and human derived PBMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily K. Calton
- Directorate of Nutrition Dietetics & Food Technology, School of Public Health, CHIRI-Metabolic Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia 6845
| | - Kevin N. Keane
- School of Biomedical Sciences, CHIRI Biosciences, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia 6845
| | - Philip Newsholme
- School of Biomedical Sciences, CHIRI Biosciences, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia 6845
- * E-mail:
| | - Mario J. Soares
- Directorate of Nutrition Dietetics & Food Technology, School of Public Health, CHIRI-Metabolic Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia 6845
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Irawati D, Mamo JC, Soares MJ, Slivkoff-Clark KM, James AP. Hypertriglyceridemic subjects exhibit an accumulation of small dense chylomicron particles in the fasting state. Atherosclerosis 2015; 243:236-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Revised: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Alaei-Shahmiri F, Soares MJ, Zhao Y, Sherriff J. The impact of thiamine supplementation on blood pressure, serum lipids and C-reactive protein in individuals with hyperglycemia: a randomised, double-blind cross-over trial. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2015; 9:213-217. [PMID: 25982678 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2015.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The adverse effects of hyperglycemia may be potentiated when it is accompanied with hypertension and dyslipidemia. This study assessed the effects of high dose thiamine on blood pressure, serum lipids and C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) in individuals with impaired glucose metabolism. METHODS This was a double-blind, randomised trial, where 12 hyperglycemic subjects (10 cases of impaired glucose tolerance and 2 new cases of type 2 diabetes mellitus) received both placebo and thiamine capsules (3 × 100 mg/day) for six weeks in a cross-over manner. Anthropometric measurements, systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP & DBP), serum cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, hs-CRP and thiamine status were evaluated at the start, after three weeks and on the completion of each arm. RESULTS DBP was significantly decreased in participants consuming thiamine supplements for six weeks (67.9 ± 5.8 mm Hg) relative to baseline (71.4 ± 7.4 mm Hg, p=0.005) and week 3 (70.9. ± 5.8 mm Hg, p=0.02). This was accompanied with a tendency toward a lower SBP at week six relative to baseline (116.5 ± 11.0 vs. 120.7 ± 15.3 mm Hg, p=0.06). Also, mean arterial pressure (MAP) determined in the supplement arm after six weeks was significantly lower than baseline (84.1 ± 6.5 vs. 87.8 ± 9.0, p=0.005). These variables did not change in the placebo arm. No significant change was detected in the supplement or placebo arms when lipid profile and hs-CRP were assessed. CONCLUSION/INTERPRETATION High dose thiamine supplementation may have beneficial effects on the blood pressure of individuals with hyperglycemia at early stages, and may have a role in the prevention of further vascular complications. TRIAL REGISTRATION Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12611000051943.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Alaei-Shahmiri
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food Technology, School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia 6102.
| | - M J Soares
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food Technology, School of Public Health, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, Perth, Western Australia, 6102, Australia
| | - Y Zhao
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food Technology, School of Public Health, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, Perth, Western Australia, 6102, Australia
| | - J Sherriff
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food Technology, School of Public Health, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, Perth, Western Australia, 6102, Australia
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Calton EK, Pathak K, Soares MJ, Alfonso H, Keane KN, Newsholme P, Cummings NK, Chan She Ping-Delfos W, Hamidi A. Vitamin D status and insulin sensitivity are novel predictors of resting metabolic rate: a cross-sectional analysis in Australian adults. Eur J Nutr 2015; 55:2075-80. [PMID: 26306671 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-015-1021-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Resting metabolic rate (RMR) accounts for two-thirds of the total energy expenditure in sedentary individuals. After accounting for traditional factors, there still remains a considerable unexplained variance in RMR. There is a pandemic of obesity and metabolic syndrome (MetS) which coexists with a high prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential effects of vitamin D status, insulin sensitivity (IS) and the metabolic syndrome (MetS) on RMR in Australian adults. METHODS RMR, respiratory quotient (RQ), McAuley's insulin sensitivity index, fat mass (FM), fat-free mass (FFM) and vitamin D status were assessed in Australian adults. The presence of MetS was evaluated by current standard criteria. Predictors of RMR were examined through multiple linear regression based on stepwise and backward regression approaches with attention to multi-collinearity. All analyses were conducted on SPSS version 21. RESULTS One hundred and twenty-seven participants (45 men, 82 women), aged 53.4 ± 11.7 years and BMI 31.9 ± 5.2 kg/m(2), were included. Forty-one subjects were insufficient in vitamin D status (<50 nmol/L), and 75 participants had the MetS. A parsimonious regression model explained 85.8 % of RMR and was given by: RMR (kJ/d) = 1931 + 83.5 × FFM (kg) + 29.5 × FM (kg) + 5.65 × 25(OH)D (nmol/L) - 17.6 × age (years) - 57.51 × IS. CONCLUSION Vitamin D status and IS are novel independent predictors of RMR in adults. Future studies could validate a causal role for these factors in human energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- E K Calton
- Nutrition, Dietetics and Food Technology, School of Public Health, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute-Metabolic Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA, 6102, Australia
| | - K Pathak
- Nutrition, Dietetics and Food Technology, School of Public Health, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute-Metabolic Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA, 6102, Australia
| | - M J Soares
- Nutrition, Dietetics and Food Technology, School of Public Health, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute-Metabolic Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA, 6102, Australia.
| | - H Alfonso
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, 6102, Australia
| | - K N Keane
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute-Biosciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, 6102, Australia
| | - P Newsholme
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute-Biosciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, 6102, Australia
| | - N K Cummings
- Optimal Nutrition and Exercise, St John of God Medical Clinic and Wexford Medical Centre, 100 Murdoch Drive, Murdoch, WA, 6150, Australia
| | - W Chan She Ping-Delfos
- General Practice and Primary Care Research Unit, School of Medicine, The University of Notre Dame Australia, 19 Mount Street, Fremantle, WA, 6959, Australia
| | - A Hamidi
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute-Biosciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, 6102, Australia
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The extraskeletal health benefits of vitamin D still need scientific endorsement. Obesity and related chronic diseases are pathogenically linked by inflammation, which carries a considerable energetic cost. Recent techniques for the determination of the bioenergetic demand of inflammation, offer an avenue to cement the regulatory role of vitamin D in this process. RECENT FINDINGS Nuclear vitamin D receptors may be translocated into mitochondria of certain cell types, opening up a pathway for direct action on cellular bioenergetics. Classical M1 (inflammatory)/M2(anti-inflammatory) phenotypes can vary with the clinical context. M2 macrophages do not always depend on oxidative metabolism/fatty acid oxidation. Newer methodologies offer real-time bioenergetic measurements that can be used as an index of metabolic health. SUMMARY Vitamin D may prove to be a therapeutic agent for inflammation of chronic disease and understanding its role in cellular bioenergetics may offer a diagnostic/prognostic indicator of its action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily K Calton
- aSchool of Public Health, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute of Ageing & Chronic Disease bSchool of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute of Ageing & Chronic Disease, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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Neves I, Alves V, Duraes A, Abreu RC, Jordão S, Guimaraes M, Soares MJ, Peres D, Vieira F, Devesa I. Implementation of a hospital antibiotic stewardship program: first results. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2015. [PMCID: PMC4475119 DOI: 10.1186/2047-2994-4-s1-p180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Vitamin D has potential benefits for extraskeletal health. These could include an anti-inflammatory effect as well as a reduction in endothelial dysfunction. We aim to provide quality evidence for the hypothesis that supplementation with vitamin D will improve endothelial function (EF), possibly through the abrogation of systemic inflammation. METHODS AND ANALYSIS We will conduct a systematic review of all randomised controlled trials on vitamin D supplementation and EF lasting 12 weeks or more. The search will cover the period 2000-2015 and include studies that describe direct measures of EF, markers of endothelial cell (EC) activation and if concurrently reported, indicators of systemic inflammation. Study selection will follow the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and study quality will be assessed by the Jadad score in addition to an evaluation of allocation concealment and data analysis. If sufficient data are available, a meta-analysis will be conducted. The effect sizes will be generated using Hedges' g score, for both fixed and random effect models. I(2) statistics and Galbraith plots will be used to assess heterogeneity and identify their potential sources. Potential publication and small sample size bias will be assessed by visual inspections of funnel plots and also Egger's test. Meta-regression analysis (if feasible) will be conducted with restricted maximum likelihood (REML) estimation method, controlling for potential confounders (demographics, study methods, location, etc). A backward elimination process will be applied in the regression modelling procedure. Subgroup analysis, conditional on number of studies retrieved and their sample size, will be stratified on participant disease category, total dose administered, degree of 25(OH)D change and type of supplement used. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Formal ethical approval is not required as primary data will not be collected. The results will be disseminated through a peer-reviewed publication, conference presentation and the popular press. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER International Prospective Register for Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) number CRD42014013523.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Alyami
- Directorate of Nutrition, Dietetics & Food Technology, School of Public Health, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute of Ageing & Chronic Disease, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - MJ Soares
- Directorate of Nutrition, Dietetics & Food Technology, School of Public Health, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute of Ageing & Chronic Disease, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - JL Sherriff
- Directorate of Nutrition, Dietetics & Food Technology, School of Public Health, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute of Ageing & Chronic Disease, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Y Zhao
- Directorate of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - J Hallett
- Collaboration for Evidence, Research and Impact in Public Health, School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - F Coombes
- University Health Service, Support Services, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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Cruzat VF, Keane KN, Scheinpflug AL, Cordeiro R, Soares MJ, Newsholme P. Alanyl-glutamine improves pancreatic β-cell function following ex vivo inflammatory challenge. J Endocrinol 2015; 224:261-71. [PMID: 25550445 DOI: 10.1530/joe-14-0677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Obesity-associated diabetes and concomitant inflammation may compromise pancreatic β-cell integrity and function. l-glutamine and l-alanine are potent insulin secretagogues, with antioxidant and cytoprotective properties. Herein, we studied whether the dipeptide l-alanyl-l-glutamine (Ala-Gln) could exert protective effects via sirtuin 1/HUR (SIRT1/HUR) signalling in β-cells, against detrimental responses following ex vivo stimulation with inflammatory mediators derived from macrophages (IMMs). The macrophages were derived from blood obtained from obese subjects. Macrophages were exposed (or not) to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to generate a pro-inflammatory cytokine cocktail. The cytokine profile was determined following analysis by flow cytometry. Insulin-secreting BRIN-BD11 β-cells were exposed to IMMs and then cultured with or without Ala-Gln for 24 h. Chronic insulin secretion, the l-glutamine-glutathione (GSH) axis, and the level of insulin receptor β (IR-β), heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), SIRT1/HUR, CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein homologous protein (CHOP) and cytochrome c oxidase IV (COX IV) were evaluated. Concentrations of cytokines, including interleukin 1β (IL1β), IL6, IL10 and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) in the IMMs, were higher following exposure to LPS. Subsequently, when β-cells were exposed to IMMs, chronic insulin secretion, and IR-β and COX IV levels were decreased, but these effects were partially or fully attenuated by the addition of Ala-Gln. The glutamine-GSH axis and HSP70 levels, which were compromised by IMMs, were also restored by Ala-Gln, possibly due to protection of SIRT1/HUR levels, and a reduction of CHOP expression. Using an ex vivo inflammatory approach, we have demonstrated Ala-Gln-dependent β-cell protection mediated by coordinated effects on the glutamine-GSH axis, and the HSP pathway, maintenance of mitochondrial metabolism and stimulus-secretion coupling essential for insulin release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinicius Fernandes Cruzat
- School of Biomedical SciencesDirectorate of NutritionDietetics and Food Technology, School of Public Health, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease - Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, Western Australia, Australia 6845
| | - Kevin Noel Keane
- School of Biomedical SciencesDirectorate of NutritionDietetics and Food Technology, School of Public Health, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease - Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, Western Australia, Australia 6845
| | - Anita Lavarda Scheinpflug
- School of Biomedical SciencesDirectorate of NutritionDietetics and Food Technology, School of Public Health, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease - Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, Western Australia, Australia 6845
| | - Robson Cordeiro
- School of Biomedical SciencesDirectorate of NutritionDietetics and Food Technology, School of Public Health, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease - Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, Western Australia, Australia 6845
| | - Mario J Soares
- School of Biomedical SciencesDirectorate of NutritionDietetics and Food Technology, School of Public Health, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease - Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, Western Australia, Australia 6845
| | - Philip Newsholme
- School of Biomedical SciencesDirectorate of NutritionDietetics and Food Technology, School of Public Health, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease - Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, Western Australia, Australia 6845
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Mota P, Silva HC, Soares MJ, Pego A, Loureiro M, Cordeiro CR, Regateiro FJ. Genetic polymorphisms of phase I and phase II metabolic enzymes as modulators of lung cancer susceptibility. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2014; 141:851-60. [PMID: 25388590 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-014-1868-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Tobacco exposure remains the main etiologic factor for lung cancer (LC). Interactions between environment and individual genetic profile are particularly important for this disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the contribution of CYP1A1*2A, CYP1A1*2C, CYP2D6*4, GSTP1, GSTM1, GSTT1 and NAT2 polymorphisms for the susceptibility to LC in a Portuguese population considering their demographic and clinical characteristics. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 200 LC and 247 controls subjects from the Centre of Portugal were studied. Clinical and demographic characteristics were collected from clinical files and by individual questionnaires. Polymorphisms of CYP1A1*2A, CYP1A1*2C, CYP2D6*4, GSTP1, GSTM1, GSTT1 and NAT2 were genotyped using PCR-RFLP, PCR multiplex, ARMS and real time. RESULTS Gender, family history of cancer, smoke cessation and alcohol consumption were independent risk factors (p < 0.05). Associations found between phases I and II genes and LC population reveal a sex dependent distribution. Logistic regression analysis demonstrates that enhanced activation by CYPs, associated by reduced or loss of function of phase II enzymes, can lead to a greater risk. GSTP1 and NAT2 polymorphisms studied have a significant contribution for the histological tumour types and the presence of metastases, at time of diagnosis, respectively, when males with smoking habits were considered. CONCLUSION Multiple interactions between environment and individual characteristics are clearly associated to this disease. Variants of the detoxification genes may act synergistically contributing to this disease and modifying the risk posed by smoking and sex. The GSTT1*0 and GSTP1 (Ile462Val) might contribute to the malignant phenotype through different mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Mota
- Unit of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal,
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Pereira AT, Marques M, Soares MJ, Maia BR, Bos S, Valente J, Nogueira V, Roque C, Madeira N, Macedo A. Profile of depressive symptoms in women in the perinatal and outside the perinatal period: similar or not? J Affect Disord 2014; 166:71-8. [PMID: 25012412 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2014.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Revised: 04/07/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSES To analyze which Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) and Postpartum Depression Screening Scores (PDSS) total and dimensional scores, as well as symptomatic answers proportions significantly differ between women in the perinatal period (pregnant/postpartum) without major depression, with major depression and women outside the perinatal period. METHODS 572 pregnant women in the third trimester completed Beck Depression Inventory-II and Postpartum Depression Screening Scale and were assessed with the Diagnostic Interview for Genetic Studies. 417 of these were also assessed (with the same instruments) at three months postpartum. Ninety non-pregnant women or that did not have a child in the last year (mean age=29.42±7.159 years) also filled in the questionnaires. RESULTS Non-depressed pregnant women showed lower scores than depressed pregnant women and higher scores than women outside the perinatal period in the BDI-II total score and in its Somatic-Anxiety dimension. Non-depressed postpartum women showed significantly higher scores than women outside the perinatal period only at Sleep/Eating Disturbances. Compared to women outside the perinatal period, pregnant women without depression presented higher scores only in the somatic items. Women with vs. without depression in the postpartum period did not significantly differ and both presented higher scores than women outside the perinatal period in the proportions of loss of energy and sleep changes. LIMITATIONS Women outside the perinatal period were not diagnosed for the presence of a depressive disorder, but their BDI-II mean score was similar to the figures reported worldwide regarding women in childbearing age. CONCLUSION In the perinatal period, most particularly at pregnancy, women experience significant somatic changes even if not clinically depressed. Cognitive-affective symptoms are more useful when assessing the presence of perinatal depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- A T Pereira
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - M Marques
- Miguel Torga Higher Institute, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - M J Soares
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - B R Maia
- Oporto Higher Institute of Social Work, Porto, Portugal
| | - S Bos
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - J Valente
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - V Nogueira
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - C Roque
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - N Madeira
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - A Macedo
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal
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Pathak K, Soares MJ, Calton EK, Zhao Y, Hallett J. Vitamin D supplementation and body weight status: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Obes Rev 2014; 15:528-37. [PMID: 24528624 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2013] [Revised: 01/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D is anticipated to have many extra-skeletal health benefits. We questioned whether supplementation with the vitamin influenced body weight and composition. A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted on high-quality, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that had supplemented vitamin D without imposing any caloric restriction. Eighteen trials reporting either body weight, body mass index (BMI), fat mass (FM), percentage fat mass (%FM) or lean body mass (LBM) met our criteria. Twelve studies provided the required data for the meta-analysis. Vitamin D supplementation did not influence the standardized mean difference (SMD) for body weight, FM, %FM or LBM. A small but non-significant decrease in BMI (SMD = -0.097, 95% confidence interval: [-0.210, 0.016], P = 0.092) was observed. Meta-regression confirmed that neither the absolute vitamin D status achieved nor its change from baseline influenced the SMD of any obesity measure. However, increasing age of the subjects predicted a shift in the SMD for FM towards the placebo treatment, whereas a greater percentage of women in these studies favoured a decrease in FM following vitamin D. Vitamin D supplementation did not decrease measures of adiposity in the absence of caloric restriction. A potential confounding by age and gender was encountered.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Pathak
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics & Food Science, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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Jayawardena R, Byrne NM, Soares MJ, Katulanda P, Hills AP. Body weight perception and weight loss practices among Sri Lankan adults. Obes Res Clin Pract 2014; 8:e192-200. [DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2013.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2013] [Revised: 05/17/2013] [Accepted: 05/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Calton EK, Miller V, Soares MJ. Response to the letter of Kawada T on adiponectin and the metabolic syndrome. Eur J Clin Nutr 2013; 67:897. [DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2013.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Jayawardena R, Byrne NM, Soares MJ, Katulanda P, Yadav B, Hills AP. High dietary diversity is associated with obesity in Sri Lankan adults: an evaluation of three dietary scores. BMC Public Health 2013; 13:314. [PMID: 23566236 PMCID: PMC3626879 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-13-314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2013] [Accepted: 04/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dietary diversity is recognized as a key element of a high quality diet. However, diets that offer a greater variety of energy-dense foods could increase food intake and body weight. The aim of this study was to explore association of diet diversity with obesity in Sri Lankan adults. Methods Six hundred adults aged > 18 years were randomly selected by using multi-stage stratified sample. Dietary intake assessment was undertaken by a 24 hour dietary recall. Three dietary scores, Dietary Diversity Score (DDS), Dietary Diversity Score with Portions (DDSP) and Food Variety Score (FVS) were calculated. Body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg.m-2 is defined as obese and Asian waist circumference cut-offs were used diagnosed abdominal obesity. Results Mean of DDS for men and women were 6.23 and 6.50 (p=0.06), while DDSP was 3.26 and 3.17 respectively (p=0.24). FVS values were significantly different between men and women 9.55 and 10.24 (p=0.002). Dietary diversity among Sri Lankan adults was significantly associated with gender, residency, ethnicity, education level but not with diabetes status. As dietary scores increased, the percentage consumption was increased in most of food groups except starches. Obese and abdominal obese adults had the highest DDS compared to non obese groups (p<0.05). With increased dietary diversity the level of BMI, waist circumference and energy consumption was significantly increased in this population. Conclusion Our data suggests that dietary diversity is positively associated with several socio-demographic characteristics and obesity among Sri Lankan adults. Although high dietary diversity is widely recommended, public health messages should emphasize to improve dietary diversity in selective food items.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranil Jayawardena
- Faculty of Health, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
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Pacheco M, Santos MA, Pereira P, Martínez JI, Alonso PJ, Soares MJ, Lopes JC. EPR detection of paramagnetic chromium in liver of fish (Anguilla anguilla) treated with dichromate(VI) and associated oxidative stress responses-contribution to elucidation of toxicity mechanisms. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2013; 157:132-40. [PMID: 23142145 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2012.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2012] [Revised: 10/29/2012] [Accepted: 10/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The impact of chromium (Cr) on fish health has been the subject of numerous investigations, establishing a wide spectrum of toxicity, attributed particularly to the hexavalent form [Cr(VI)]. However, reports on the simultaneous assessment of Cr toxicity in fish and its toxico-kinetics, namely involving metal speciation, are scarce. Therefore, keeping in view the understanding of the mechanisms of Cr(VI) toxicity, this work intended to detect the formation of paramagnetic Cr species in liver of Anguilla anguilla following short-term dichromate(VI) intraperitoneal treatment (up to 180 min), assessing simultaneously the pro-oxidant properties. The formation of Cr(V) and Cr(III) was examined by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), as an innovative approach in the context of fish toxicology, and related with the levels of total Cr. Cr(V) was successfully detected and quantified by EPR spectrometry, showing a transient occurrence, mostly between 15 and 90 min post-injection, with a peak at 30 min. The limitations of EPR methodology towards the detection and quantification of Cr(III) were confirmed. Although Cr(VI) exposure induced the antioxidant system in the eel's liver, the oxidative deterioration of lipids was not prevented. Overall, the results suggested that Cr(V), as a short-lived species, did not appear to be directly and primarily responsible for the cellular damaging effects observed, since stress responses persisted up to the end of exposure regardless Cr(V) drastic decay. Though further research is needed, ROS mediated pathways (suggested by superoxide dismutase and catalase activity induction) and formation of Cr(III) complexes emerged as the most plausible mechanisms involved in Cr(VI) toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Pacheco
- Biology Department of the University of Aveiro & CESAM, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The pathogenesis of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) is not well understood. This review is based on the hypothesis that both traditional and emerging risk factors act through adiponectin. SUBJECTS AND METHODS We conducted a search of the literature using prominent electronic databases and search terms that included in combination: adiponectin, diet, dietary patterns, exercise, metabolic rate, MetS and testosterone. Articles were restricted to studies conducted on adult humans, reported in English and within the time period 2000-2012. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Both traditional and emerging risk factors associated with the MetS show some evidence of exerting their influence through adiponectin. High-quality randomized controlled trials that alter adiponectin levels are required to further corroborate this hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- E K Calton
- Discipline of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Public Health, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
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Jayawardena R, Byrne NM, Soares MJ, Katulanda P, Hills AP. Prevalence, trends and associated socio-economic factors of obesity in South Asia. Obes Facts 2013; 6:405-14. [PMID: 24107686 PMCID: PMC5644757 DOI: 10.1159/000355598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2012] [Accepted: 12/31/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Worldwide obesity levels have increased unprecedentedly over the past couple of decades. Although the prevalence, trends and associated socio-economic factors of the condition have been extensively reported in Western populations, less is known regarding South Asian populations. METHODS A review of articles using Medline with combinations of the MeSH terms: 'Obesity', 'Overweight' and 'Abdominal Obesity' limiting to epidemiology and South Asian countries. RESULTS Despite methodological heterogeneity and variation according to country, area of residence and gender , the most recent nationally representative and large regional data demonstrates that without any doubt there is a epidemic of obesity, overweight and abdominal obesity in South Asian countries. Prevalence estimates of overweight and obesity (based on Asian cut-offs: overweight ≥ 23 kg/m², obesity ≥ 25 kg/m²) ranged from 3.5% in rural Bangladesh to over 65% in the Maldives. Abdominal obesity was more prevalent than general obesity in both sexes in this ethnic group. Countries with the lowest prevalence had the highest upward trend of obesity. Socio-economic factors associated with greater obesity in the region included female gender, middle age, urban residence, higher educational and economic status. CONCLUSION South Asia is significantly affected by the obesity epidemic. Collaborative public health interventions to reverse these trends need to be mindful of many socio-economic constraints in order to provide long-term solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranil Jayawardena
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Diabetes Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
- *Dr. Ranil Jayawardena, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, 60 Musk Avenue, Kelvin Grove, Queensland 4059 (Australia),
| | - Nuala M. Byrne
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Mario J. Soares
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia
| | - Prasad Katulanda
- Diabetes Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Andrew P. Hills
- Mater Mother's Hospital, Mater Medical Research Institute and Griffith Health Institute, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranil Jayawardena
- Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Nuala M Byrne
- Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | | | | | - Andrew P Hills
- Mater Mother's Hospital and Medical Research Institute, Griffith Health Institute, Griffith University
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Dwarkanath P, Soares MJ, Thomas T, Vaz M, Swaminathan S, Kurpad AV. Food frequency questionnaire is a valid tool for the assessment of dietary habits of South Indian pregnant women. Asia Pac J Public Health 2012; 26:494-506. [PMID: 23000797 DOI: 10.1177/1010539512459945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was validated against multiple 24-hour dietary recalls (24-HDRs) and for a few blood biomarkers in 154 pregnant women at the obstetrics and gynecology department of St John's Medical College Hospital, Bangalore, India. Absolute nutrient intakes from the FFQ correlated positively with the average 24-HDR during pregnancy. Energy-adjusted nutrients from the FFQ in all trimesters, except proteins, carbohydrate, folate intake, and vitamin B6 in the third trimester, correlated positively with average 24-HDR. Overestimation by the FFQ compared with the 24-HDR ranged from 9% to 41%. Vitamin B12 status in the first and second trimesters positively correlated with energy-adjusted and absolute vitamin B12 intakes from the FFQ. The Bland Altman plots showed a pattern such that a trend was seen toward underreporting of intakes through the FFQ, with increasing mean intakes by the 2 methods, considering 24-HDR as the reference tool. We conclude that the FFQ is a valid tool to measure dietary intakes during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratibha Dwarkanath
- St John's Research Institute, St John's National Academy of Health Sciences, Bangalore, India Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Mario J Soares
- St John's Research Institute, St John's National Academy of Health Sciences, Bangalore, India Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Tinku Thomas
- St John's Research Institute, St John's National Academy of Health Sciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Mario Vaz
- St John's Research Institute, St John's National Academy of Health Sciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Sumathi Swaminathan
- St John's Research Institute, St John's National Academy of Health Sciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Anura V Kurpad
- St John's Research Institute, St John's National Academy of Health Sciences, Bangalore, India
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Jayawardena R, Swaminathan S, Byrne NM, Soares MJ, Katulanda P, Hills AP. Development of a food frequency questionnaire for Sri Lankan adults. Nutr J 2012; 11:63. [PMID: 22937734 PMCID: PMC3496639 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2891-11-63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2012] [Accepted: 08/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Food Frequency Questionnaires (FFQs) are commonly used in epidemiologic studies to assess long-term nutritional exposure. Because of wide variations in dietary habits in different countries, a FFQ must be developed to suit the specific population. Sri Lanka is undergoing nutritional transition and diet-related chronic diseases are emerging as an important health problem. Currently, no FFQ has been developed for Sri Lankan adults. In this study, we developed a FFQ to assess the regular dietary intake of Sri Lankan adults. Methods A nationally representative sample of 600 adults was selected by a multi-stage random cluster sampling technique and dietary intake was assessed by random 24-h dietary recall. Nutrient analysis of the FFQ required the selection of foods, development of recipes and application of these to cooked foods to develop a nutrient database. We constructed a comprehensive food list with the units of measurement. A stepwise regression method was used to identify foods contributing to a cumulative 90% of variance to total energy and macronutrients. In addition, a series of photographs were included. Results We obtained dietary data from 482 participants and 312 different food items were recorded. Nutritionists grouped similar food items which resulted in a total of 178 items. After performing step-wise multiple regression, 93 foods explained 90% of the variance for total energy intake, carbohydrates, protein, total fat and dietary fibre. Finally, 90 food items and 12 photographs were selected. Conclusion We developed a FFQ and the related nutrient composition database for Sri Lankan adults. Culturally specific dietary tools are central to capturing the role of diet in risk for chronic disease in Sri Lanka. The next step will involve the verification of FFQ reproducibility and validity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranil Jayawardena
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
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Abstract
Low intakes of calcium and inadequate vitamin D status often cluster with higher prevalence rates of obesity. Consequently, there has been much interest in the mechanisms by which calcium and vitamin D could regulate body weight and adiposity. This review has focused on randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that have manipulated these nutrients and studied pathways of energy balance. Overall, there is consistent evidence that calcium and vitamin D increase whole body fat oxidation after single and multiple meals, and that calcium promotes a modest energy loss through increased faecal fat excretion. The evidence is equivocal for a greater diet-induced thermogenesis, increased lipolysis, suppression of key lipogenic enzymes, decreased hunger ratings or reduced energy/macronutrient intake. Emerging evidence suggests a potential improvement in insulin sensitivity following vitamin D that would impinge on food intake and substrate oxidation. However, the very few RCTs on supplemental vitamin D and energy balance have not explored postprandial avenues of the hormone's actions. Future efforts in this area need to define the threshold intake of these nutrients that would maximize metabolic and gastrointestinal outcomes. Such studies would provide a platform for endorsing the non-skeletal role of calcium and vitamin D in human pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Soares
- Program of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
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