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Salari N, Maghami N, Ammari T, Mosafer H, Abdullahi R, Rasoulpoor S, Babajani F, Mahmodzadeh B, Mohammadi M. Global Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome in Schizophrenia Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. JOURNAL OF PREVENTION (2022) 2024:10.1007/s10935-024-00798-8. [PMID: 39048892 DOI: 10.1007/s10935-024-00798-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
The prevalence of metabolic syndrome in patients with schizophrenia has significantly increased and can be associated with severe complications such as chronic diseases and mortality. Despite numerous studies, a comprehensive estimate of the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in schizophrenia patients is lacking. Therefore, this study aimed to estimate the global prevalence of metabolic syndrome in schizophrenia patients through a systematic review and meta-analysis. This study was conducted as a systematic review and meta-analysis based on PRISMA guidelines without time restrictions until April 1, 2024. Relevant articles were identified through searches in databases including Scopus, Web of Science (WoS), PubMed, Science Direct, Embase, and Google Scholar, using key terms combined with AND & OR operators. After removing duplicates and conducting primary and secondary screening, 12 studies were included in the meta-analysis. Data were analysed using the random-effects model in Comprehensive Meta-Analysis Version 2 software. This analysis included 12 studies with 1,953 participants. The pooled prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 41.3% (95% CI: 28.8-55.1), with significant heterogeneity (I2: 96.3%). The highest prevalence was reported in France (79.1%) and the lowest in China (18.03%). Over one-third of patients with schizophrenia are affected by metabolic syndrome. Hence, greater attention should be paid to the prevention and reduction of complications and mortality associated with metabolic syndrome in schizophrenia patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nader Salari
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- Medical Biology Research Centre, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Nima Maghami
- Student Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Theo Ammari
- Academic Development (Assessment), University of Sunderland, London, UK
| | - Hadis Mosafer
- Medical Biology Research Centre, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Reza Abdullahi
- Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Nursing, Urmia, Iran
| | - Shabnam Rasoulpoor
- Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Nursing, Urmia, Iran
| | - Fateme Babajani
- Student Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Bahareh Mahmodzadeh
- Sleep Disorders Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Masoud Mohammadi
- Research Center for NonCommunicable Diseases, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran.
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Hu S, Liu X, Zhang Y, Ma J. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its associated factors in first-treatment drug-naïve schizophrenia patients: A large-scale cross-sectional study. Early Interv Psychiatry 2024. [PMID: 38778369 DOI: 10.1111/eip.13565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic syndrome (MetS), a condition that includes several risk factors specific for cardiovascular disease, is commonly detected among patients with schizophrenia (SCZ). This study elucidated the factors contributing to the development and severity of MetS in first-treatment drug-naïve (FTDN) patients with SCZ. METHODS The study enrolled 668 individuals with FTDN SCZ, aged 18-49 years, who had no exposure to antipsychotic medications and been hospitalized between February 2017 and June 2022 at the largest psychiatric specialty institution in central China. Patient sociodemographic and general clinical data were collected, and their psychopathology scores and illness severity were assessed using the Positive and Negative Symptom Scale (PANSS) and Clinical Global Impression Scale-Severity of Illness (CGI-SI), respectively. MetS score was calculated to determine the disease severity. RESULTS The prevalence of MetS among this study population was 10.93%. Binary logistic regression analysis revealed onset age, female sex, total cholesterol, and red blood and white blood cell counts as risk factors for MetS, and deemed free tetraiodothyronine (FT4) and CGI-SI score as protective factors. Multiple linear regression analysis result confirmed older SCZ onset age as a risk factor for elevated MetS score. CONCLUSION This study determined the prevalence of MetS in patients with FTDN SCZ and revealed the factors that influence the occurrence and severity of the disease. These findings will allow development of specific prevention and treatment strategies in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suoya Hu
- Department of Psychiatry, Wuhan Mental Health Center, Wuhan, China
- Wuhan Hospital for Psychotherapy, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuebing Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Wuhan Mental Health Center, Wuhan, China
- Wuhan Hospital for Psychotherapy, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanting Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Suzhou Guangji Hospital, Suzhou, China
| | - Jun Ma
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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3
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Zeng K, Wang S, Zhang L, Zhang Y, Ma J. Gender differences in prevalence and associated factors of metabolic syndrome in first-treatment and drug-naïve schizophrenia patients. Ann Gen Psychiatry 2023; 22:25. [PMID: 37381041 DOI: 10.1186/s12991-023-00455-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic syndromes (MetS) are clinical syndromes involving multiple pathological states with distinct gender-specific clinical patterns. As a serious disorder associated with psychiatric conditions, the prevalence of MetS is significantly higher in the population with schizophrenia (Sch). The aim of this paper is to report gender differences in the prevalence, associated factors and severity-related factors of MetS in first-treatment and drug-naïve (FTDN) patients with Sch. METHODS A total of 668 patients with FTDN Sch were included in this study. We collected socio-demographic and general clinical information on the target population, measured and evaluated common metabolic parameters and routine biochemical indicators, and assessed the severity of psychiatric symptoms using Positive and Negative Symptom Scale (PANSS). RESULTS In the target group, the prevalence of MetS was significantly higher in women (13.44%, 57/424) than in men (6.56%, 16/244). In the males, waist circumference (WC), fasting blood glucose (FBG), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and triglycerides (TG) were risk factors for MetS, while systolic blood pressure (SBP), TG, total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and platelet (PLT) were risk factors for the females. More importantly, for the females, we found that age, LDL-C, PANSS scores and blood creatinine (CRE) were risk factors for higher MetS scores, while onset age and hemoglobin (HGB) were protective factors. CONCLUSION There are significant gender differences in the prevalence of MetS and its factors among patients with FTDN Sch. The prevalence of MetS is higher and the factors that influence MetS are more numerous and extensive in females. The mechanisms of this difference need further research and clinical intervention strategies should be formulated with gender differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan Zeng
- Department of Psychiatry, Wuhan Mental Health Center, No. 89, Gongnongbing Road, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Wuhan Hospital for Psychotherapy, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Wuhan Mental Health Center, No. 89, Gongnongbing Road, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Wuhan Hospital for Psychotherapy, Wuhan, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Wuhan Mental Health Center, No. 89, Gongnongbing Road, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Wuhan Hospital for Psychotherapy, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanting Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Suzhou Guangji Hospital, No. 11, Guangqian Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Jun Ma
- Department of Psychiatry, Wuhan Mental Health Center, No. 89, Gongnongbing Road, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
- Wuhan Hospital for Psychotherapy, Wuhan, China.
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
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Hopkins SC, Ogirala A, Zeni C, Worden M, Koblan KS. Depicting Risperidone Safety Profiles in Clinical Trials Across Different Diagnoses Using a Dopamine D2-Based Pharmacological Class Effect Query Defined by FAERS. Clin Drug Investig 2022; 42:1113-1121. [DOI: 10.1007/s40261-022-01218-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Burghardt KJ, Mando W, Seyoum B, Yi Z, Burghardt PR. The effect of antipsychotic treatment on hormonal, inflammatory, and metabolic biomarkers in healthy volunteers: A systematic review and meta‐analysis. Pharmacotherapy 2022; 42:504-513. [DOI: 10.1002/phar.2689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kyle Jon Burghardt
- Department of Pharmacy Practice Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences Wayne State University Detroit Michigan USA
| | - Wasym Mando
- Department of Pharmacy Practice Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences Wayne State University Detroit Michigan USA
| | - Berhane Seyoum
- Division of Endocrinology School of Medicine Wayne State University Detroit Michigan USA
| | - Zhengping Yi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences Wayne State University Detroit Michigan USA
| | - Paul Ryen Burghardt
- Department of Food and Nutrition Sciences College of Literature Arts and Sciences Wayne State University Detroit Michigan USA
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6
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Huang JK, Lee HC. Emerging Evidence of Pathological Roles of Very-Low-Density Lipoprotein (VLDL). Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084300. [PMID: 35457118 PMCID: PMC9031540 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Embraced with apolipoproteins (Apo) B and Apo E, triglyceride-enriched very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) is secreted by the liver into circulation, mainly during post-meal hours. Here, we present a brief review of the physiological role of VLDL and a systemic review of the emerging evidence supporting its pathological roles. VLDL promotes atherosclerosis in metabolic syndrome (MetS). VLDL isolated from subjects with MetS exhibits cytotoxicity to atrial myocytes, induces atrial myopathy, and promotes vulnerability to atrial fibrillation. VLDL levels are affected by a number of endocrinological disorders and can be increased by therapeutic supplementation with cortisol, growth hormone, progesterone, and estrogen. VLDL promotes aldosterone secretion, which contributes to hypertension. VLDL induces neuroinflammation, leading to cognitive dysfunction. VLDL levels are also correlated with chronic kidney disease, autoimmune disorders, and some dermatological diseases. The extra-hepatic secretion of VLDL derived from intestinal dysbiosis is suggested to be harmful. Emerging evidence suggests disturbed VLDL metabolism in sleep disorders and in cancer development and progression. In addition to VLDL, the VLDL receptor (VLDLR) may affect both VLDL metabolism and carcinogenesis. Overall, emerging evidence supports the pathological roles of VLDL in multi-organ diseases. To better understand the fundamental mechanisms of how VLDL promotes disease development, elucidation of the quality control of VLDL and of the regulation and signaling of VLDLR should be indispensable. With this, successful VLDL-targeted therapies can be discovered in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jih-Kai Huang
- Department of General Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan;
| | - Hsiang-Chun Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Lipid Science and Aging Research Center, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Animal Vaccine Technology, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-7-3121101 (ext. 7741)
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Padmavati R, Kantipudi SJ, Balasubramanian S, Raghavan V. Cardiovascular Diseases and Schizophrenia in India: Evidence, Gaps, and Way Forward. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:639295. [PMID: 34248694 PMCID: PMC8264419 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.639295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The importance of physical health among persons with schizophrenia is well-established. Studies from developed and developing countries indicated a strong association between cardiovascular diseases and schizophrenia, while evidence from India is scattered and in its infancy. Hence, the aims of the study were to collate available studies from India on cardiovascular diseases among persons with schizophrenia, identify knowledge gaps and challenges, and discuss recommendations to improve clinical care and research on cardiovascular diseases among persons with schizophrenia in India. Materials and methods: A comprehensive literature review of Indian studies on cardiovascular diseases and schizophrenia was conducted to collate and synthesise available knowledge. Results: Several risk factors for cardiovascular disease predominated among persons with schizophrenia. Metabolic syndrome and obesity were the key factors that were reported. Knowledge gaps were identified with respect to the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases among persons with schizophrenia. Sparse research in interventions to prevent and reduce the impact of cardiovascular diseases among persons with schizophrenia was noted. Conclusion: Targeted efforts are needed at the clinic, community, and policy levels to understand the impact of cardiovascular diseases among persons with schizophrenia. Robust and feasible interventions targeting cardiovascular diseases and its varied risk factors in persons with schizophrenia, that can be implemented in tertiary mental health services, need to be developed and tested.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Suvarna Jyothi Kantipudi
- Department of Psychiatry, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India
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Kornetova EG, Kornetov AN, Mednova IA, Goncharova AA, Gerasimova VI, Pozhidaev IV, Boiko AS, Semke AV, Loonen AJM, Bokhan NA, Ivanova SA. Comparative Characteristics of the Metabolic Syndrome Prevalence in Patients With Schizophrenia in Three Western Siberia Psychiatric Hospitals. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:661174. [PMID: 34276438 PMCID: PMC8282925 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.661174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare the prevalence of MetS and the associated sociodemographic, clinical, and pharmacotherapeutic characteristics of patients with schizophrenia in three psychiatric hospitals in the West Siberian region. Methods: Patients with a clinical diagnosis of schizophrenia (ICD-10: F20) and an age between 18 and 60 years were included in the study after giving informed consent. Metabolic syndrome was diagnosed according to the International Diabetes Federation criteria. This research was carried out at three Western Siberian psychiatric hospitals in Kemerovo, Tomsk, and Omsk. The study population included respectively 94, 131, and 91 inpatients with schizophrenia. We carried out schizophrenia symptoms assessment by PANSS, antipsychotic therapy evaluation, anthropometry, and biochemical analysis. Statistical Analysis included the Shapiro-Wilk test, non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis H-test for independent samples, Mann-Whitney U-test for independent samples, the chi-square test, stepwise multiple regression analyses. The level of significance was p < 0.05. Results: The metabolic syndrome prevalence was higher among patients in Tomsk (36.6%), compared with Kemerovo (20.2%, p = 0.008) or Omsk (18.7%, p = 0.004), mainly due to the high prevalence of abdominal obesity, while men from Tomsk were more susceptible to this condition than men from other regions (p < 0.05). Patients from Omsk had the highest severity schizophrenia symptoms according to PANSS, and patients from Tomsk had the lowest severity of positive symptoms according to PANSS. Patients from Tomsk had the minimum duration of antipsychotic therapy compared with the patient from Kemerovo (p = 0.017) and from Omsk (p = 0.000019), but most patients from Tomsk received second-generation atypical antipsychotics, while patients from Omsk received mainly conventional antipsychotics (p = 0.0001). Multiple regression analysis showed that metabolic syndrome associated with schizophrenia duration and body mass index, although the association was not so strong (adjusted R 2 = 0.2435, p < 0.0001). Discussion: The study illustrates that in different psychiatric hospitals within the same region, the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in patients with schizophrenia can vary significantly, which dictates the need to look for opportunities to minimize the risk of its occurrence, taking into account the experience of each hospital.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena G Kornetova
- Endogenous Disorders Department, Mental Health Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia.,University Hospital, Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Alexander N Kornetov
- Fundamental Psychology and Behavioral Medicine Department, Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Irina A Mednova
- Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry Laboratory, Mental Health Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Anastasia A Goncharova
- Endogenous Disorders Department, Mental Health Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Valeria I Gerasimova
- Endogenous Disorders Department, Mental Health Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Ivan V Pozhidaev
- Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry Laboratory, Mental Health Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Anastasiia S Boiko
- Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry Laboratory, Mental Health Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Arkadiy V Semke
- Endogenous Disorders Department, Mental Health Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Anton J M Loonen
- PharmacoTherapy, -Epidemiology and -Economics, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Nikolay A Bokhan
- Addictive Disorders Department, Mental Health Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia.,Psychiatry, Addiction Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Department, Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Svetlana A Ivanova
- Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry Laboratory, Mental Health Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia.,Psychiatry, Addiction Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Department, Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russia
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9
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Loureiro CM, da Roza DL, Corsi-Zuelli F, Shuhama R, Fachim HA, Simões-Ambrosio LMC, Deminice R, Jordão AA, Menezes PR, Del-Ben CM, Louzada-Junior P. Plasma amino acids profile in first-episode psychosis, unaffected siblings and community-based controls. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21423. [PMID: 33293633 PMCID: PMC7722891 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78559-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Investigations of plasma amino acids in early psychosis and their unaffected siblings are rare. We measured plasma amino acids involved in the co-activation of dopaminergic, GABAergic, glutamatergic, and serotoninergic neurotransmitters in first-episode psychosis (FEP) patients (n = 166), unaffected siblings (n = 76), and community-based controls (n = 166) included in a cross-sectional study. Plasma levels of glutamic acid (GLU), glutamine, glycine, proline (PRO), tryptophan (TRP), tyrosine, serine and GABA were quantified by gas-chromatography-mass spectrometry. We used the generalized linear model adjusted by sex, age, and body mass index for group comparison and paired t-test for FEP-Sibling pairs. FEP had reduced GABA plasma levels compared to siblings and controls (p < 0.05 for both). Siblings had lower GLU, Glx and PRO (p < 0.05 for all) but increased TRP compared to patients and controls (p < 0.05 for both). FEP patients with longer duration of pharmacological treatment and medicated only with antipsychotics had increased GLU compared to FEP with shorter periods, or with those treated with a combination of medications (p < 0.05 for both). Finally, FEP patients treated only with antipsychotics presented higher Glx compared to those with mixed medications (p = 0.026). Our study suggests that FEP have low a GABA plasma profile. Unaffected siblings may be a possible risk group for metabolic abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Marcelino Loureiro
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes, 3900, Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, CEP: 14049-900, Brazil. .,Population Mental Health Research Centre, São Paulo, Brazil. .,Center for Research in Inflammatory Diseases, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
| | - Daiane Leite da Roza
- Division of Psychiatry, Department of Neurosciences and Behaviour, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Corsi-Zuelli
- Center for Research in Inflammatory Diseases, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,Division of Psychiatry, Department of Neurosciences and Behaviour, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Rosana Shuhama
- Population Mental Health Research Centre, São Paulo, Brazil.,Division of Psychiatry, Department of Neurosciences and Behaviour, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | | | - Lívia Maria Cordeiro Simões-Ambrosio
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes, 3900, Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, CEP: 14049-900, Brazil.,Center for Research in Inflammatory Diseases, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Rafael Deminice
- Department of Physical Education, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Alceu Afonso Jordão
- Division of Nutrition and Metabolism, Department of Health Sciences, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Paulo Rossi Menezes
- Population Mental Health Research Centre, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cristina Marta Del-Ben
- Population Mental Health Research Centre, São Paulo, Brazil.,Division of Psychiatry, Department of Neurosciences and Behaviour, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Paulo Louzada-Junior
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes, 3900, Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, CEP: 14049-900, Brazil.,Center for Research in Inflammatory Diseases, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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10
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Alameda L, Levier A, Gholam-Rezaee M, Golay P, Vandenberghe F, Delacretaz A, Baumann P, Glatard A, Dubath C, Herane-Vives A, Rodriguez V, Solida A, Do KQ, Eap CB, Conus P. Psychological trauma occurring during adolescence is associated with an increased risk of greater waist circumference in Early Psychosis patients treated with psychotropic medication. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0242569. [PMID: 33270646 PMCID: PMC7714104 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0242569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been suggested that exposure to Childhood Trauma [CT] may play a role in the risk of obesity in Early Psychosis [EP] patients; however, whether this is independently of age at exposure to CT and the medication profile has yet to be investigated. METHODS 113 EP-patients aged 18-35 were recruited from the Treatment and Early Intervention in Psychosis Program [TIPP-Lausanne]. Body Mass Index [BMI], Weight Gain [WG] and Waist Circumference [WC] were measured prospectively at baseline and after 1, 2, 3, 6 and 12 months of weight gain inducing psychotropic treatment. Patients were classified as Early-Trauma and Late-Trauma if the exposure had occurred before age 12 or between ages 12 and 16 respectively. Generalized Linear Mixed-Models were adjusted for age, sex, socioeconomic status, baseline BMI, medication and for diagnosis of depression. RESULTS Late-Trauma patients, when compared to Non-Trauma patients showed greater WCs during the follow-up [p = 0.013]. No differences were found in any of the other follow-up measures. CONCLUSIONS Exposition to CT during adolescence in EP-patients treated with psychotropic medication is associated with greater WC during the early phase of the disease. Further investigation exploring mechanisms underlying the interactions between peripubertal stress, corticoids responsiveness and a subsequent increase of abdominal adiposity is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Alameda
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- Service of General Psychiatry, Treatment and Early Intervention in Psychosis, Program [TIPP-Lausanne], Lausanne University Hospital [CHUV], Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Sevilla, IBiS, Sevilla, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - Axel Levier
- Unit of Pharmacogenetics and Clinical Psychopharmacology, Centre for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Hospital of Cery, Lausanne University Hospital, Prilly, Switzerland
| | - Mehdi Gholam-Rezaee
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Psychiatric Epidemiology and Psychopathology, Lausanne University Hospital [CHUV], Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Golay
- Service of General Psychiatry, Treatment and Early Intervention in Psychosis, Program [TIPP-Lausanne], Lausanne University Hospital [CHUV], Lausanne, Switzerland
- Community Psychiatry Service, Department of Psychiatry, Consultations de Chauderon, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Institute of Psychology, faculty of Social and Politic al Science, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Frederik Vandenberghe
- Unit of Pharmacogenetics and Clinical Psychopharmacology, Centre for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Hospital of Cery, Lausanne University Hospital, Prilly, Switzerland
| | - Aurélie Delacretaz
- Unit of Pharmacogenetics and Clinical Psychopharmacology, Centre for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Hospital of Cery, Lausanne University Hospital, Prilly, Switzerland
| | - Philipp Baumann
- Unit for Research in Schizophrenia, Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital [CHUV], Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Anaïs Glatard
- Unit of Pharmacogenetics and Clinical Psychopharmacology, Centre for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Hospital of Cery, Lausanne University Hospital, Prilly, Switzerland
| | - Céline Dubath
- Unit of Pharmacogenetics and Clinical Psychopharmacology, Centre for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Hospital of Cery, Lausanne University Hospital, Prilly, Switzerland
| | - Andres Herane-Vives
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Affective Disorders Research Group, Centre for Affective Disorders, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- Departamento de Clínicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile
- Affective Disorders Research Group, Centre for Affective Disorders, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Victoria Rodriguez
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alessandra Solida
- Service of General Psychiatry, Treatment and Early Intervention in Psychosis, Program [TIPP-Lausanne], Lausanne University Hospital [CHUV], Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kim Q. Do
- Unit for Research in Schizophrenia, Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital [CHUV], Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Chin B. Eap
- Unit of Pharmacogenetics and Clinical Psychopharmacology, Centre for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Hospital of Cery, Lausanne University Hospital, Prilly, Switzerland
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Conus
- Service of General Psychiatry, Treatment and Early Intervention in Psychosis, Program [TIPP-Lausanne], Lausanne University Hospital [CHUV], Lausanne, Switzerland
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11
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Tocco M, Newcomer JW, Mao Y, Pikalov A, Loebel A. Lurasidone and risk for metabolic syndrome: results from short- and long-term clinical studies in patients with schizophrenia. CNS Spectr 2020; 26:1-11. [PMID: 32921337 DOI: 10.1017/s1092852920001698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the effects of treatment with lurasidone on risk for metabolic syndrome (MetS) in patients with schizophrenia. METHODS Rates of metabolic syndrome during treatment with lurasidone (40-160 mg/d) were analyzed using pooled, short-term data from three randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies (vs olanzapine and quetiapine XR); long-term data from two active-comparator-controlled studies (vs risperidone and quetiapine XR); and data from two open-label studies in which patients were switched from olanzapine or risperidone to lurasidone. RESULTS MetS was defined based on the National Cholesterol Education Program criteria. In short-term studies, the odds of meeting criteria for MetS at week 6 LOCF (adjusted for baseline metabolic syndrome status) was similar for the lurasidone and placebo groups (OR = 1.18; [95% CI, 0.81-1.71]; P = .39), but the odds (vs placebo) were significantly greater for olanzapine (OR = 2.81; [95% CI, 1.53-5.15]; P < .001) and quetiapine (OR = 3.49; [95% CI, 1.93-6.29]; P < .0001). No dose effect was observed for lurasidone across the dose range of 40-160 mg/d. In long-term studies, the odds of MetS after 12 months of treatment was significantly higher for risperidone compared with lurasidone (OR = 2.12; 95% CI, 1.15-3.90; P = .016) and for quetiapine XR compared with lurasidone (OR = 3.92; 95% CI, 1.15-13.40; P = .029). In open-label extension studies, the rate of MetS decreased in patients switched to lurasidone after 6 weeks of treatment with olanzapine or 12 months of treatment with risperidone. CONCLUSION In this analysis of lurasidone clinical trials, the odds of developing metabolic syndrome were minimal during short- and long-term treatment with lurasidone (40-160 mg/d).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John W Newcomer
- Thriving Mind, Miami, FL, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Yongcai Mao
- Sunovion Pharmaceuticals Inc., Fort Lee, NJ, USA
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12
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Boiko AS, Mednova IA, Kornetova EG, Bokhan NA, Semke AV, Loonen AJM, Ivanova SA. Cortisol and DHEAS Related to Metabolic Syndrome in Patients with Schizophrenia. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2020; 16:1051-1058. [PMID: 32368067 PMCID: PMC7184116 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s247161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEAS) and cortisol are secreted by the adrenal glands and may modulate metabolic syndrome (MetS), which often affects the health of patients with schizophrenia. The relationship between the serum levels of these hormones and MetS has not been established. PURPOSE In this pilot study, we investigated the serum levels in schizophrenia patients with and without MetS and compared them with those in healthy volunteers. PATIENTS AND METHODS After obtaining informed consent, 110 patients with acute paranoid schizophrenia were recruited directly after admission to the Mental Health Research Institute. The control group consisted of 51 persons reported on questioning to be mentally and somatically healthy. Blood samples to prepare serum were drawn after an 8-h overnight fast during one of the first days of admission. Serum cortisol and DHEAS concentrations were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS A total of 42 patients had MetS and 68 patients were without MetS. The cortisol blood level was significantly (p = 0.012) higher in schizophrenia patients without MetS in comparison to healthy controls, while patients with schizophrenia and a MetS have significantly (p = 0.014) lower DHEAS levels than healthy volunteers. These differences could, however, exclusively be attributed to female participants. Analysis of covariance adjusted for gender and age demonstrated a significant relationship between age and DHEAS levels (F = 9.512, р = 0.003). CONCLUSION Lower DHEAS serum levels in relationship to MetS become evident in women, but not in men, and have age differences as a confounding factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiia S Boiko
- Mental Health Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russian Federation
| | - Irina A Mednova
- Mental Health Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russian Federation
| | - Elena G Kornetova
- Mental Health Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russian Federation.,Hospital, Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russian Federation
| | - Nikolay A Bokhan
- Mental Health Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russian Federation.,Psychiatry, Addictology and Psychotherapy, Siberian State Medical University, Russian Federation
| | - Arkadiy V Semke
- Mental Health Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russian Federation
| | - Anton J M Loonen
- PharmacoTherapy, -Epidemiology and -Economics, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Svetlana A Ivanova
- Mental Health Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russian Federation.,Psychiatry, Addictology and Psychotherapy, Siberian State Medical University, Russian Federation
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13
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The current review examines the recent literature on the causes of premature mortality in schizophrenia. RECENT FINDINGS People with schizophrenia have higher premature mortality rates compared with the general population. Suicides and accidents account for a nontrivial part of the excess mortality, but the largest part is attributable to natural causes of death. Five major causes have been identified: first, adverse effects of medication; second, suboptimal lifestyle; third, somatic comorbidity; fourth, suboptimal treatment of somatic disorders; and fifth, accelerated ageing/genetic explanations. The positive aspect is that people with schizophrenia have increasing life expectancy, at least in high-income countries, and this development seems to largely follow the increase in the general population. Especially mortality rates from unnatural causes appear to have a positive impact. Nevertheless, despite more than 100 years of research and progress, the excess mortality in persons with schizophrenia remains unacceptably high, with no prospects of reaching the level in the general population. SUMMARY The excess mortality in schizophrenia has received much focus. Future studies should explore the reasons for the high rates of natural causes of death, while aiming to disentangle the complex interplay between medication, lifestyle, comorbidity, treatment of somatic disorders, and genetic effects.
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14
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Singh R, Bansal Y, Sodhi RK, Saroj P, Medhi B, Kuhad A. Modeling of antipsychotic-induced metabolic alterations in mice: An experimental approach precluding psychosis as a predisposing factor. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2019; 378:114643. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2019.114643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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15
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Boiko AS, Mednova IA, Kornetova EG, Semke AV, Bokhan NA, Loonen AJ, Ivanova SA. Apolipoprotein serum levels related to metabolic syndrome in patients with schizophrenia. Heliyon 2019; 5:e02033. [PMID: 31317083 PMCID: PMC6611937 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schizophrenia is associated with a lowered life expectancy due to cardiovascular disease. This is, at least in part, related to an increased vulnerability to the development of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in patients with schizophrenia. The dysregulation of apolipoproteins (Apos) may also play a role in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia via their effect on cerebral cholesterol processing. AIM The aim of this study was to investigate serum Apos A1, C3, E, A2 and C2 concentration in schizophrenia patients with or without MetS in comparison to healthy donors. METHODS After obtaining informed consent, 53 patients with a diagnosis of paranoid schizophrenia according to ICD-10 criteria (F20) were included. Patients were divided into two groups with (N = 26) and without (N = 27) MetS according to the criteria of the International Diabetes Federation. The control group included 20 mentally and physically healthy subjects. Serum Apos A1, A2, C2, C3 and E were measured using xMAP technology (Luminex). RESULTS Serum ApoA1 was significantly decreased in patients with schizophrenia compared to healthy subjects (p = 0.002); ApoA2 was lower in patients without MetS in comparison to patients with MetS (p = 0.017) and the levels of ApoC3 and ApoC2 were increased in patients with schizophrenia with MetS in comparison with the control group and also with patients without MetS. No other significant differences were established concerning the other assayed apolipoproteins. CONCLUSIONS In line with literature data the results of our study suggest that while disturbances in ApoA1 level may play a role in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia, ApoA2, ApoC2, ApoC3 and ApoE may be primarily related to metabolic imbalance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiia S. Boiko
- Mental Health Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Aleutskaya str., 4, Tomsk, Russian Federation
| | - Irina A. Mednova
- Mental Health Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Aleutskaya str., 4, Tomsk, Russian Federation
| | - Elena G. Kornetova
- Mental Health Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Aleutskaya str., 4, Tomsk, Russian Federation
- Siberian State Medical University, Moscowsky Trakt, 2, Tomsk, Russian Federation
| | - Arkadiy V. Semke
- Mental Health Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Aleutskaya str., 4, Tomsk, Russian Federation
| | - Nikolay A. Bokhan
- Mental Health Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Aleutskaya str., 4, Tomsk, Russian Federation
- National Research Tomsk State University, Lenin Avenue, 36, Tomsk, Russian Federation
- Siberian State Medical University, Moscowsky Trakt, 2, Tomsk, Russian Federation
| | - Anton J.M. Loonen
- University of Groningen, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, PharmacoTherapy, Epidemiology &Economics, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, the Netherlands
- GGZ Westelijk Noord-Brabant, Hoofdlaan 8, 4661 AA, Halsteren, the Netherlands
| | - Svetlana A. Ivanova
- Mental Health Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Aleutskaya str., 4, Tomsk, Russian Federation
- National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Lenin Avenue, 30, Tomsk, Russian Federation
- Siberian State Medical University, Moscowsky Trakt, 2, Tomsk, Russian Federation
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16
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Anjum S, Bathla M, Panchal S. Prevalence and predictors of metabolic syndrome in drug naïve bipolar patients. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2019; 13:12-17. [PMID: 30641682 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2018.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shazia Anjum
- MM Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Mullana, Ambala, India
| | - Manish Bathla
- MM Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Mullana, Ambala, India.
| | - Saminder Panchal
- MM Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Mullana, Ambala, India
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17
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Anjum S, Bathla M. A comparative study of prevalence and predictors of metabolic syndrome in various psychiatric disorders in state of Haryana: More than 30 years Vs. less than 30 years. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2019; 13:510-516. [PMID: 30641756 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2018.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exponential growth of metabolic syndrome in psychiatric disorders is becoming alarming situation to handle with. It is associated with reduced life span of 10-30 years in psychiatric patients attributed to metabolic syndrome, thus needs to be screened and addressed in all psychiatric patients. OBJECTIVE the objective of this study was to know the prevalence and its risk factors in various psychiatric disorder and comparing them in older vs younger patients. METHODOLOGY A cross sectional indoor based study was conducted after taking ethical committee approval in 140 patients (substance use disorder, schizophrenia, bipolar and depressive disorders). All the metabolic parameters as per International diabetes federation criteria for metabolic syndrome were assessed involving waist circumference, weight, height, Systolic/diastolic blood pressure, fasting blood sugar, high density lipoprotein and triglycerides. STATISTICS Chi square and t-test were used. RESULTS It was seen that prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS); 21.4% in psychiatric illness, up to 40% in major depressive disorders, followed by 33% in substance use disorder and 26.7% in psychotic disorders. Prevalence of MS was higher in older patients >30 years group (26% Vs. 16.4% in <30 years group). It was observed that substance use and depressive disorder and high BP in older male patients are all the significant risk factors for metabolic syndrome. CONCLUSION More than 1/5th psychiatric patients are affected by metabolic syndrome. Thus, all male psychiatric patients with high BP must be evaluated for metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shazia Anjum
- MM Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Mullana, Ambala, India
| | - Manish Bathla
- MM Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Mullana, Ambala, India.
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18
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Cao B, Wang D, Brietzke E, McIntyre RS, Pan Z, Cha D, Rosenblat JD, Zuckerman H, Liu Y, Xie Q, Wang J. Characterizing amino-acid biosignatures amongst individuals with schizophrenia: a case-control study. Amino Acids 2018; 50:1013-1023. [PMID: 29796929 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-018-2579-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Amino acids and derivatives participate in the biosynthesis and downstream effects of numerous neurotransmitters. Variations in specific amino acids have been implicated in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Herein, we sought to compare levels of amino acids and derivatives between subjects with schizophrenia and healthy controls (HC). Two hundred and eight subjects with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition criteria (DSM-IV)-defined schizophrenia and 175 age- and sex-matched HC were enrolled. The levels of twenty-five amino acids and seven related derivatives were measured in plasma samples using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS). After controlling for age, sex and body mass index (BMI), four amino acids and derivatives (i.e., cysteine, GABA, glutamine and sarcosine) were observed to be higher in the schizophrenia group when compared with HC; seven amino acids and derivatives were lower in the schizophrenia group (i.e., arginine, L-ornithine, threonine, taurine, tryptophan, methylcysteine, and kynurenine). Statistically significant differences in plasma amino-acid profiles between subjects with first-episode vs. recurrent schizophrenia for aspartate and glutamine were also demonstrated using generalized linear models controlling for age, sex, and BMI. The differences in amino acids and derivatives among individuals with schizophrenia when compared to HC may represent underlying pathophysiology, including but not limited to dysfunctional proteinogenic processes, alterations in excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission, changes in ammonia metabolism and the urea cycle. Taken together, amino-acid profiling may provide a novel stratification approach among individuals with schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Cao
- Department of Laboratorial Science and Technology, School of Public Health, Peking University, 38 Xue-Yuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongfang Wang
- Department of Laboratorial Science and Technology, School of Public Health, Peking University, 38 Xue-Yuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Elisa Brietzke
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Roger S McIntyre
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Brain and Cognition Discovery Foundation, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Zihang Pan
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Danielle Cha
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Joshua D Rosenblat
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Hannah Zuckerman
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Yaqiong Liu
- Department of Laboratorial Science and Technology, School of Public Health, Peking University, 38 Xue-Yuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China.,Peking University Medical and Health Analysis Center, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Xie
- Department of Laboratorial Science and Technology, School of Public Health, Peking University, 38 Xue-Yuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China.,Peking University Medical and Health Analysis Center, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingyu Wang
- Department of Laboratorial Science and Technology, School of Public Health, Peking University, 38 Xue-Yuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China. .,Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China. .,Peking University Medical and Health Analysis Center, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China.
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