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İpek Aytok G, Akkaya Fırat A, Mungan Akın İ, Özel A. How does maternal anemia affect the levels of umbilical cord brain-derived neurotrophic factor? Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2024; 297:182-186. [PMID: 38677095 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2024.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of maternal iron deficiency anemia on the umbilical cord level of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), which plays a very important role in the central nervous system. METHODS Our research was planned as a quantitative, prospective, and analytical type of study. A total of 90 volunteers, term, singleton pregnant hospitalized in the Health Sciences University Ümraniye Training and Research Hospital Gynecology and Obstetrics Clinic between September 2021 and August 2022 were included in this study. While 45 of these pregnants were pregnant women with iron deficiency anemia (hemoglobin ≤ 110 g/L and serum ferritin level ≤ 12 μg/L), 45 cases were in the control group without iron deficiency anemia (hemoglobin > 110 g/L, serum ferritin > 12 μg/L). When pregnant were admitted to the hospital, blood samples were taken to analyze hemoglobin, mean cell volume (MCV), iron, unsaturated iron binding capacity, total iron binding capacity, serum ferritin, transferrin, and CRP levels. Also, we noted the maternal age, gravida, parity, birth weight, head circumference, type of birth, 1. minute Apgar score, and 5. minute Apgar score. During the delivery; after the umbilical cord had been clamped and cut, we took 5 cc of umbilical cord blood. Then, we put it in the serum-separating laboratory tubes. After we centrifuged these blood samples, we put the serum parts in the Eppendorf tubes to be stored at -80 degrees Celsius. At the end of the study, we calculated the level of BDNF using special human brain-derived neurotrophic factor ELISA kits. The umbilical cord BDNF levels of the maternal iron deficiency anemia group and the control group were compared statistically. RESULTS When we evaluated the fetal umbilical cord BDNF values of 90 participants, the median value BDNF in the babies of 45 anemic mothers was 3.16 (IQR 0.73), and the median BDNF value of the babies of 45 healthy mothers was 5.37 (IQR 1.02). We found a statistical difference between BDNF and hemoglobin, hematocrit, MCV, and iron values between these two groups. CONCLUSION In conclusion, the BDNF value of the babies of healthy individuals is higher than that of anemic individuals. Our study showed that the amount of BDNF in the umbilical cord blood was significantly affected by maternal iron deficiency anemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gökçe İpek Aytok
- Health Sciences University Ümraniye Training and Research Hospital, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics Ümraniye Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Asuman Akkaya Fırat
- Health Sciences University Fatih Sultan Mehmet Training and Research Hospital, Medical Biochemistry Laboratory, Ataşehir Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - İlke Mungan Akın
- Health Sciences University Ümraniye Training and Research Hospital, Department of Pediatric Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ayşegül Özel
- Health Sciences University Ümraniye Training and Research Hospital, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics Ümraniye Istanbul, Turkey
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Delmis J, Oreskovic S, Elvedji Gasparovic V, Starcevic M, Herman M, Dessardo N, Starcevic V, Ivanisevic M. Relationship of Glucose, C-peptide, Leptin, and BDNF in Maternal and Umbilical Vein Blood in Type-1 Diabetes. Nutrients 2023; 15:600. [PMID: 36771307 PMCID: PMC9919383 DOI: 10.3390/nu15030600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to determine the relationship between glucose, C-peptide, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and leptin between mother and fetus and neonatal weight. METHODS In the prospective observational cohort study, we included 66 women with type-1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). According to the z-score for neonatal weight, patients were divided into healthy-weight neonates (n = 42) and overweight neonates (n = 24). The maternal blood samples were taken during pregnancy and cesarean section when the umbilical vein blood sample was also withdrawn. The maternal vein sera were analyzed for fasting glucose, C-reactive protein (CRP), leptin, BDNF, TSH, FT3, and FT4. The umbilical vein sera were analyzed for glucose, C-peptide, leptin, TSH, thyroid-stimulating protein (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4), and BDNF concentration. The neonatologist measured the skinfold thickness on the third day of neonatal life. RESULTS A strong correlation was confirmed between maternal and umbilical vein glucose concentration and maternal glucose and C-peptide in umbilical vein blood. A negative correlation was found between the concentration of BDNF in the umbilical vein and glucose in maternal blood. A strong correlation was seen between BMI and maternal blood leptin concentration, neonatal fat body mass, and umbilical vein blood leptin concentration. Higher BMI elevated BDNF, and TSH increase the odds for overweight neonates in the first trimester of pregnancy. Maternal higher leptin concentration in the first trimester decrease the odds of overweight neonates. CONCLUSIONS Maternal glucose concentrations affect the fetus's glucose, C-peptide, and BDNF concentrations. Leptin levels increase in maternal blood due to increased body mass index, and in the neonate, fat body mass is responsible for increased leptin concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josip Delmis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Medical Centre Zagreb, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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High maternal BMI and low maternal blood BDNF may determine the limit of detection of amniotic fluid BDNF throughout gestation: Analysis of mother-fetus trios and literature review. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0265186. [PMID: 35271679 PMCID: PMC8912268 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0265186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective An increasing number of studies show the importance of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) acting at the feto-placental interface, however, only a few studies describe BDNF levels in amniotic fluid (AF). Methods In this cross-sectional, prospective study, 109 maternal blood-amniotic fluid pairs (including 66 maternal blood-fetal-blood-amniotic fluid trios) were analyzed. BDNF concentrations were measured with a commercially available immunoassay. Results In 71 AF from 109 samples, AF-BDNF concentrations were below the lowest limit of Quantitation (LLoQ) of 1.19 pg/ml (group A), leaving 38 samples with measurable BDNF concentrations (group B). Patients in group A showed significantly higher maternal BMI before pregnancy (mean±SD 26.3± 6.7 (kg/m2) vs. 23.8 ±4.5 (kg/m2) p = 0.04) and lower maternal blood BDNF concentrations than the other group (mean±SD 510.6 ± 554.7 pg/ml vs. mean±SD 910.1± 690.1 pg/ml; p<0.0001). Spearman correlation showed a negative correlation between maternal BMI before pregnancy and maternal BDNF concentrations (r = -0.25, p = 0.01). Conclusion Our study is the first to correlate AF-BDNF samples with the corresponding maternal and fetal blood-BDNF samples. The significant negative correlation between maternal BMI before pregnancy and maternal BDNF and AF-BDNF concentrations below the limit of detection has to be evaluated in further studies.
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Sun J, Sun J. How neuroactive factors mediates immune responses during pregnancy: An interdisciplinary view. Neuropeptides 2022; 91:102213. [PMID: 34839164 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2021.102213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Pregnancy, from insemination to parturition, is a highly complex but well-orchestrated process that requires various organs and systems to participate. Immune system and neuroendocrine system are important regulators in healthy pregnancy. Dozens of neuroactive factors have been detected in human placenta, whether they are locally secreted or circulated. Among them, some are vividly studied such as corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), progesterone and estrogens, while others are relatively lack of research. Though the neuroendocrine-immune interactions are demonstrated in some diseases for decades, the roles of neuroactive factors in immune system and lymphocytes during pregnancy are not fully elucidated. This review aims to provide an interdisciplinary view on how the neuroendocrine system mediate immune system during pregnancy process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiani Sun
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jing Sun
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
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Demers-Mathieu V, Hines DJ, Hines RM, Lavangnananda S, Fels S, Medo E. Influence of Previous COVID-19 and Mastitis Infections on the Secretion of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor and Nerve Growth Factor in Human Milk. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:3846. [PMID: 33917718 PMCID: PMC8068104 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22083846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and nerve growth factor (NGF) play a critical role in neurodevelopment, where breast milk is a significant dietary source. The impact of previous COVID-19 infection and mastitis on the concentration of BDNF and NGF in human milk was investigated. METHODS Concentrations of BDNF and NGF were measured via ELISA in human milk samples collected from 12 mothers with a confirmed COVID-19 PCR, 13 mothers with viral symptoms suggestive of COVID-19, and 22 unexposed mothers (pre-pandemic Ctl-2018). These neurotrophins were also determined in 12 mothers with previous mastitis and 18 mothers without mastitis. RESULTS The NGF concentration in human milk was lower in the COVID-19 PCR and viral symptoms groups than in the unexposed group, but BDNF did not differ significantly. Within the COVID-19 group, BDNF was higher in mothers who reported headaches or loss of smell/taste when compared with mothers without the respective symptom. BDNF was lower in mothers with mastitis than in mothers without mastitis. CONCLUSIONS Previous COVID-19 and mastitis infections changed differently the secretion of NGF and BDNF in human milk. Whether the changes in NGF and BDNF levels in milk from mothers with infection influence their infant's development remains to be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronique Demers-Mathieu
- Department of Neonatal Immunology and Microbiology, Medolac Laboratories A Public Benefit Corporation, Boulder City, NV 89005, USA; (S.L.); (S.F.); (E.M.)
| | - Dustin J. Hines
- Department of Psychology, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA; (D.J.H.); (R.M.H.)
| | - Rochelle M. Hines
- Department of Psychology, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA; (D.J.H.); (R.M.H.)
| | - Sirima Lavangnananda
- Department of Neonatal Immunology and Microbiology, Medolac Laboratories A Public Benefit Corporation, Boulder City, NV 89005, USA; (S.L.); (S.F.); (E.M.)
| | - Shawn Fels
- Department of Neonatal Immunology and Microbiology, Medolac Laboratories A Public Benefit Corporation, Boulder City, NV 89005, USA; (S.L.); (S.F.); (E.M.)
| | - Elena Medo
- Department of Neonatal Immunology and Microbiology, Medolac Laboratories A Public Benefit Corporation, Boulder City, NV 89005, USA; (S.L.); (S.F.); (E.M.)
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Krey FC, Stocchero BA, Creutzberg KC, Heberle BA, Tractenberg SG, Xiang L, Wei W, Kluwe-Schiavon B, Viola TW. Neurotrophic Factor Levels in Preterm Infants: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Neurol 2021; 12:643576. [PMID: 33868149 PMCID: PMC8047113 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.643576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Through a systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature we aimed to compare the levels of BDNF, NGF, NT-3, NT-4, and GDNF between human term and preterm infants, and investigate factors implicated in the variability of effect size estimates. Methods: The analysis was performed in three online databases, MEDLINE Complete, PsycINFO, and CINAHL. A random effects model was used to calculate the standardized mean difference (SMD) of neurotrophic factor levels in preterm infants vs. term within a 95% confidence interval (CI). To explore sources of heterogeneity meta-regression models were implemented. Results: Sixteen studies were included in this meta-analysis. A combined sample of 1,379 preterm and 1,286 term newborns were evaluated. We identified significant lower BDNF (SMD = -0.32; 95% CI: -0.59, -0.06; p = 0.014) and NT-3 (SMD = -0.31; 95% CI: -0.52, -0.09; p = 0.004) levels in preterm compared to term infants. No significant difference was observed in NGF and NT-4 levels between groups. Given that only two effect sizes were generated for GDNF levels, no meta-analytical model was performed. Meta-regression models revealed sample type (placental tissue, cerebrospinal fluid, peripheral blood, and umbilical cord blood) as a significant moderator of heterogeneity for BDNF meta-analysis. No significant associations were found for gestational week, birth weight, and clinical comorbidity of newborns with effect sizes. Conclusions: Our findings indicated that lower BDNF and NT-3 levels may be associated with preterm birth. Future studies with larger samples sizes should investigate neurodevelopmental manifestations resulting from neurotrophic factor dysregulation among preterm infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francieli Cristina Krey
- Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Lab (DCNL), Graduate Program in Pediatrics and Child Health-School of Medicine, Pontifical University Catholic of Rio Grande Do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Bruna Alvim Stocchero
- Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Lab (DCNL), Graduate Program in Pediatrics and Child Health-School of Medicine, Pontifical University Catholic of Rio Grande Do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Bernardo Aguzzoli Heberle
- Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Lab (DCNL), Graduate Program in Pediatrics and Child Health-School of Medicine, Pontifical University Catholic of Rio Grande Do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Li Xiang
- Neuroepigenetic Research Lab, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Neuroepigenetic Research Lab, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Bruno Kluwe-Schiavon
- DCNL, PUCRS, Graduate Program in Psychology-School of Health Sciences, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,School of Psychology, Psychology Research Centre, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Thiago Wendt Viola
- Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Lab (DCNL), Graduate Program in Pediatrics and Child Health-School of Medicine, Pontifical University Catholic of Rio Grande Do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Brain Institute of Rio Grande do Sul (BraIns), Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Dingsdale H, Nan X, Garay SM, Mueller A, Sumption LA, Chacón-Fernández P, Martinez-Garay I, Ghevaert C, Barde YA, John RM. The placenta protects the fetal circulation from anxiety-driven elevations in maternal serum levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:62. [PMID: 33462179 PMCID: PMC7813890 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-020-01176-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) plays crucial roles in brain function. Numerous studies report alterations in BDNF levels in human serum in various neurological conditions, including mood disorders such as depression. However, little is known about BDNF levels in the blood during pregnancy. We asked whether maternal depression and/or anxiety during pregnancy were associated with altered serum BDNF levels in mothers (n = 251) and their new-born infants (n = 212). As prenatal exposure to maternal mood disorders significantly increases the risk of neurological conditions in later life, we also examined the possibility of placental BDNF transfer by developing a new mouse model. We found no association between maternal symptoms of depression and either maternal or infant cord blood serum BDNF. However, maternal symptoms of anxiety correlated with significantly raised maternal serum BDNF exclusively in mothers of boys (r = 0.281; P = 0.005; n = 99). Serum BDNF was significantly lower in male infants than female infants but neither correlated with maternal anxiety symptoms. Consistent with this observation, we found no evidence for BDNF transfer across the placenta. We conclude that the placenta protects the developing fetus from maternal changes in serum BDNF that could otherwise have adverse consequences for fetal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayley Dingsdale
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, UK
| | - Xinsheng Nan
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, UK
| | - Samantha M Garay
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, UK
| | - Annett Mueller
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0PT, UK
| | - Lorna A Sumption
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, UK
| | - Pedro Chacón-Fernández
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, UK
- Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena-FISEVI, University of Seville, E41009, Seville, Spain
| | | | - Cedric Ghevaert
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0PT, UK
| | - Yves-Alain Barde
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, UK
| | - Rosalind M John
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, UK.
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Abstract
The neurotrophic factor BDNF is an important regulator for the development of brain circuits, for synaptic and neuronal network plasticity, as well as for neuroregeneration and neuroprotection. Up- and downregulations of BDNF levels in human blood and tissue are associated with, e.g., neurodegenerative, neurological, or even cardiovascular diseases. The changes in BDNF concentration are caused by altered dynamics in BDNF expression and release. To understand the relevance of major variations of BDNF levels, detailed knowledge regarding physiological and pathophysiological stimuli affecting intra- and extracellular BDNF concentration is important. Most work addressing the molecular and cellular regulation of BDNF expression and release have been performed in neuronal preparations. Therefore, this review will summarize the stimuli inducing release of BDNF, as well as molecular mechanisms regulating the efficacy of BDNF release, with a focus on cells originating from the brain. Further, we will discuss the current knowledge about the distinct stimuli eliciting regulated release of BDNF under physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Brigadski
- Department of Informatics and Microsystem Technology, University of Applied Sciences Kaiserslautern, D-66482, Zweibrücken, Germany.
| | - Volkmar Leßmann
- Institute of Physiology, Otto-von-Guericke University, D-39120, Magdeburg, Germany.
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany.
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Sahay A, Kale A, Joshi S. Role of neurotrophins in pregnancy and offspring brain development. Neuropeptides 2020; 83:102075. [PMID: 32778339 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2020.102075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Neurotrophins are a family of functionally and structurally related proteins which play a key role in the survival, development, and function of neurons in both the central and peripheral nervous systems. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), nerve growth factor (NGF), neurotrophin-3 (NT-3), and neurotrophin-4 (NT-4) are the family members of neurotrophins. Neurotrophins play a crucial role in influencing the development of the brain and learning and memory processes. Studies demonstrate that they also play crucial role in influencing reproductive and immune systems. Neurotrophins have been shown to influence various processes in the mother, placenta, and fetus during pregnancy. Development and maturation of feto-placental unit and the fetal growth trajectories are influenced by neurotrophins. In addition to neurotrophins, neuropeptides like neuropeptide Y also play a crucial role during various processes of pregnancy and during fetal brain development. Neurotrophins have also been shown to have a cross talk with various angiogenic factors and influence placental development. Alterations in the levels of neurotrophins and neuropeptides lead to placental pathologies resulting in various pregnancy complications like preeclampsia, intrauterine growth restriction and preterm births. Studies in animals have reported low levels of maternal micronutrients like folic acid, vitamin B12 and omega-3 fatty acids influence brain neurotrophins resulting in impaired cognitive functioning in the offspring. Maternal nutrition is also known to affect the expression of neuropeptides. It is essential to understand the role of various neurotrophins across various stages of pregnancy and its relationship with neurodevelopmental outcomes in children. This will lead to early prediction of poor neurodevelopmental outcomes. The present review describes evidence describing the role of neurotrophins in determining pregnancy outcome and altered neurodevelopment in the offspring. The possible mechanism through which maternal nutrition influences neurotrophins and neuropeptides to regulate offspring brain development and function is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akriti Sahay
- Mother and Child Health, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune, India
| | - Anvita Kale
- Mother and Child Health, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune, India
| | - Sadhana Joshi
- Mother and Child Health, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune, India.
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Klebe D, Tibrewal M, Sharma DR, Vanaparthy R, Krishna S, Varghese M, Cheng B, Mouton PR, Velíšková J, Dobrenis K, Hof PR, Ballabh P. Reduced Hippocampal Dendrite Branching, Spine Density and Neurocognitive Function in Premature Rabbits, and Reversal with Estrogen or TrkB Agonist Treatment. Cereb Cortex 2019; 29:4932-4947. [PMID: 30877788 PMCID: PMC6918929 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhz033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Preterm-born children suffer from neurological and behavioral disorders. Herein, we hypothesized that premature birth and non-maternal care of preterm newborns might disrupt neurobehavioral function, hippocampal dendritic arborization, and dendritic spine density. Additionally, we assessed whether 17β-estradiol (E2) replacement or the TrkB receptor agonist, 7,8-dihydroxyflavone (DHF), would reverse compromised dendritic development and cognitive function in preterm newborns. These hypotheses were tested by comparing preterm (E28.5) rabbit kits cared and gavage-fed by laboratory personnel and term-kits reared and breast-fed by their mother doe at an equivalent postconceptional age. Neurobehavioral tests showed that both premature-birth and formula-feeding with non-maternal care led to increased anxiety behavior, poor social interaction, and lack of novelty preference compared with term-kits. Dendritic branching and number of total or mushroom dendritic spines were reduced in the CA1 field of preterm-kits compared with term controls. While CDC42 and Rac1/2/3 expression levels were lower, RhoA-activity was higher in preterm-kits compared with term controls. Both E2 and DHF treatment reversed prematurity-induced reduction in spine density, reduced total RhoA-GTPase levels, and enhanced cognitive function. Hence, prematurity and non-maternal care result in cognitive deficits, and reduced dendritic arbors and spines in CA1. E2 replacement or DHF treatment might reverse changes in dendritic spines and improve neurodevelopment in premature infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damon Klebe
- Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx NY, USA
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx NY, USA
| | - Mahima Tibrewal
- Department of Pediatrics, New York Medical College, Valhalla NY, USA
| | - Deep R Sharma
- Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx NY, USA
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx NY, USA
| | - Rachna Vanaparthy
- Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx NY, USA
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx NY, USA
| | - Sunil Krishna
- Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx NY, USA
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx NY, USA
| | - Merina Varghese
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York NY, USA
| | - Bokun Cheng
- Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx NY, USA
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx NY, USA
| | - Peter R Mouton
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa FL, USA
| | - Jana Velíšková
- Departments of Cell Biology & Anatomy, Neurology, and Obstetrics & Gynecology, New York Medical College, Valhalla NY, USA
| | - Kostantin Dobrenis
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx NY, USA
| | - Patrick R Hof
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York NY, USA
| | - Praveen Ballabh
- Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx NY, USA
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx NY, USA
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Sajdel-Sulkowska EM, Makowska-Zubrycka M, Czarzasta K, Kasarello K, Aggarwal V, Bialy M, Szczepanska-Sadowska E, Cudnoch-Jedrzejewska A. Common Genetic Variants Link the Abnormalities in the Gut-Brain Axis in Prematurity and Autism. THE CEREBELLUM 2019; 18:255-265. [PMID: 30109601 PMCID: PMC6443615 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-018-0970-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
This review considers a link between prematurity and autism by comparing symptoms, physiological abnormalities, and behavior. It focuses on the bidirectional signaling between the microbiota and the brain, here defined as the microbiota-gut-vagus-heart-brain (MGVHB) axis and its systemic disruption accompanying altered neurodevelopment. Data derived from clinical and animal studies document increased prevalence of gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, cognitive, and behavioral symptoms in both premature and autistic children and suggest an incomplete maturation of the gut-blood barrier resulting in a “leaky gut,” dysbiosis, abnormalities in vagal regulation of the heart, altered development of specific brain regions, and behavior. Furthermore, this review posits the hypothesis that common genetic variants link the abnormalities in the MGVHB axis in premature and autistic pathologies. This hypothesis is based on the recently identified common genetic variants: early B cell factor 1 (EBF1), selenocysteine tRNA-specific eukaryotic elongation factor (EEFSEC), and angiotensin II receptor type 2 (AGTR2), in the maternal and infant DNA samples, associated with risk of preterm birth and independently implicated in a risk of autism. We predict that the AGTR2 variants involved in the brain maturation and oxytocin-arginine-vasopressin (OXT-AVP) pathways, related to social behavior, will contribute to our understanding of the link between prematurity and autism paving a way to new therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elżbieta M Sajdel-Sulkowska
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Center for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
- Department of Psychiatry Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Monika Makowska-Zubrycka
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Center for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Czarzasta
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Center for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kaja Kasarello
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Center for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Vishal Aggarwal
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Center for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał Bialy
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Center for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Szczepanska-Sadowska
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Center for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Cudnoch-Jedrzejewska
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Center for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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Aksoy M, Aksoy AN, Ahıskalıoğlu A, İnce İ, Laloğlu E, Dostbil A, Çelik MG. The Effect of Anaesthetic Techniques on Maternal and Cord Blood Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Levels. Turk J Anaesthesiol Reanim 2018; 46:139-146. [PMID: 29744249 DOI: 10.5152/tjar.2018.90187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a member of neurotrophins, plays a critical role in neuronal tissue. In this study, the effects of spinal or general anaesthesia on cord and maternal peripheral blood BDNF and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were investigated in patients undergoing elective caesarean section. Methods Eighty patients with term pregnancy were included. General anaesthesia was induced with intravenous (IV) propofol 2 mg kg-1 in the general anaesthesia group (n=36). In the spinal anaesthesia group (n=35), hyperbaric bupivacaine 0.5%, 9 mg (1.8 mL) was injected intrathecally. Maternal blood samples were taken immediately after positioning the patient on the operating table (T1), before clamping the umbilical cord (T2) and 24 hours after the first sample was obtained (T3). Cord blood samples were drawn from the umbilical artery (T4). Results Maternal BDNF levels (pg mL-1) measured at T2 time point were higher in the general anaesthesia group compared to the spinal anaesthesia group (p<0.001). Cord blood BDNF levels were higher in the general anaesthesia group compared to the spinal anaesthesia group (p<0.001). In both groups, cord blood BDNF levels were significantly lower compared to the maternal blood samples collected at any time point (p<0.001, for all). There was a negative association between both maternal and cord blood BDNF levels with maternal MDA and cord blood MDA levels, respectively (r=-0.379, p<0.001; r=-0.375, p=0.001, respectively). Conclusion The anaesthetic technique may have an influence on maternal peripheral and cord blood BDNF levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Aksoy
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Atatürk University School of Medicine, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Ayşe Nur Aksoy
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nenehatun Hospital, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Ali Ahıskalıoğlu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Atatürk University School of Medicine, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - İlker İnce
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Atatürk University School of Medicine, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Esra Laloğlu
- Department of Biochemistry, Atatürk University School of Medicine, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Ayşenur Dostbil
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Atatürk University School of Medicine, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Mine Gürsaç Çelik
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Atatürk University School of Medicine, Erzurum, Turkey
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Briana DD, Malamitsi-Puchner A. Developmental origins of adult health and disease: The metabolic role of BDNF from early life to adulthood. Metabolism 2018; 81:45-51. [PMID: 29217485 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2017.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that the origins of adult disease may occur during fetal life. Thus, the concept of "developmental programming" has been introduced and supported by epidemiological and experimental data. This concept supports the idea that the nutritional and hormonal status during pregnancy could interfere in metabolism control. The mechanisms responsible for this "developmental programming" remain poorly documented. Current research indicates that neurotrophins and particularly brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) may play a crucial role in this process. Although mainly expressed in the nervous system, BDNF and its receptor, tropomyosin-related kinase B (TrkB), are immunolocalized in several regions of the human placenta and have important functions during pregnancy. BDNF serves widespread roles in regulating energy homeostasis in both fetuses and adults, by controlling patterns of fetal growth, adult feeding and physical activity, and by regulating glucose metabolism in peripheral tissues. Impaired BDNF signaling may be implicated in the etiopathogenesis of the metabolic syndrome. Novel BDNF-focused interventions are being developed for obesity, diabetes and neurological disorders. The aim of this article is to provide a brief comprehensive literary review regarding the potential implications of BDNF in "developmental programming", through regulation of metabolism and energy balance from early life to adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Despina D Briana
- Department of Neonatology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Giannopoulou I, Pagida MA, Briana DD, Panayotacopoulou MT. Perinatal hypoxia as a risk factor for psychopathology later in life: the role of dopamine and neurotrophins. Hormones (Athens) 2018; 17:25-32. [PMID: 29858855 DOI: 10.1007/s42000-018-0007-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Brain development is influenced by various prenatal, intrapartum, and postnatal events which may interact with genotype to affect the neural and psychophysiological systems related to emotions, specific cognitive functions (e.g., attention, memory), and language abilities and thereby heighten the risk for psychopathology later in life. Fetal hypoxia (intrapartum oxygen deprivation), hypoxia-related obstetric complications, and hypoxia during the early neonatal period are major environmental risk factors shown to be associated with an increased risk for later psychopathology. Experimental models of perinatal hypoxia/ischemia (PHI) showed that fetal hypoxia-a consequence common to many birth complications in humans-results in selective long-term disturbances of the dopaminergic systems that persist in adulthood. On the other hand, neurotrophic signaling is critical for pre- and postnatal brain development due to its impact on the process of neuronal development and its reaction to perinatal stress. The aim of this review is (a) to summarize epidemiological data confirming an association of PHI with an increased risk of a range of psychiatric disorders from childhood through adolescence to adulthood, (b) to present immunohistochemical findings on human autopsy material indicating vulnerability of the dopaminergic neurons of the human neonate to PHI that could predispose infant survivors of PHI to dopamine-related neurological and/or cognitive deficits in adulthood, and
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna Giannopoulou
- 2nd Department of Psychiatry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Marianna A Pagida
- 1st Department of Psychiatry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Histochemistry, University Mental Health Research Institute, PO Box 66517, GR-15601, Papagou, Athens, Greece
| | - Despina D Briana
- Neonatal Unit, 1st Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria T Panayotacopoulou
- 1st Department of Psychiatry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and Histochemistry, University Mental Health Research Institute, PO Box 66517, GR-15601, Papagou, Athens, Greece.
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Basu S, Kumar D, Anupurba S, Verma A, Kumar A. Effect of maternal iron deficiency anemia on fetal neural development. J Perinatol 2018; 38:233-239. [PMID: 29234149 DOI: 10.1038/s41372-017-0023-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Perinatal iron deficiency may have deleterious consequences on fetal neural development. The present study was conducted to determine the effect of maternal iron deficiency anemia (IDA) on fetal hippocampal morphogenesis and production of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). STUDY DESIGN Seventy term, singleton neonates born to mothers with IDA (hemoglobin <110g/L and serum ferritin <12 μg/L) formed the study group. Twenty gestational age-matched neonates born to healthy mothers without IDA (hemoglobin ≥110 g/L and serum ferritin >12 μg/L) served as controls. Maternal and fetal inflammatory conditions, infections and neonates with perinatal asphyxia were excluded. Cord blood BDNF concentrations were estimated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Volumetric analysis of hippocampus (right, left and combined, corrected for total intracranial volume) was done by cranial magnetic resonance imaging on days 3-5 of life. RESULTS In the study group, 24 mothers had mild (hemoglobin 100.0-109.0 g/L), 24 had moderate (hemoglobin 70.0-99.0 g/L), and 22 had severe (hemoglobin <70.0 g/L) anemia. Both hippocampal volumes and serum BDNF concentrations of neonates born to iron-deficient mothers were significantly reduced compared to controls. A progressive decline in hippocampal volumes and BDNF concentrations was observed with increasing severity of maternal anemia. Pearson correlation showed significant correlations among maternal and cord blood hemoglobin, iron indices, hippocampal volumes and BDNF concentrations. CONCLUSIONS Maternal IDA adversely affects hippocampal morphogenesis and fetal production of BDNF. The degree of affection is proportional to the severity of maternal anemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sriparna Basu
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India.
| | - Dinesh Kumar
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Shampa Anupurba
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Ashish Verma
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
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Parry SM, Peeples ES. The impact of hypoxic-ischemic brain injury on stem cell mobilization, migration, adhesion, and proliferation. Neural Regen Res 2018; 13:1125-1135. [PMID: 30028311 PMCID: PMC6065219 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.235012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy continues to be a significant cause of death or neurodevelopmental delays despite standard use of therapeutic hypothermia. The use of stem cell transplantation has recently emerged as a promising supplemental therapy to further improve the outcomes of infants with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. After the injury, the brain releases several chemical mediators, many of which communicate directly with stem cells to encourage mobilization, migration, cell adhesion and differentiation. This manuscript reviews the biomarkers that are released from the injured brain and their interactions with stem cells, providing insight regarding how their upregulation could improve stem cell therapy by maximizing cell delivery to the injured tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie M Parry
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Eric S Peeples
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
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Yang N, Levey E, Gelaye B, Zhong QY, Rondon MB, Sanchez SE, Williams MA. Correlates of early pregnancy serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor in a Peruvian population. Arch Womens Ment Health 2017; 20:777-785. [PMID: 28752260 PMCID: PMC5693738 DOI: 10.1007/s00737-017-0759-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge about factors that influence serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) concentrations during early pregnancy is lacking. The aim of the study is to examine the correlates of early pregnancy serum BDNF concentrations. A total of 982 women attending prenatal care clinics in Lima, Peru, were recruited in early pregnancy. Pearson's correlation coefficient was calculated to evaluate the relation between BDNF concentrations and continuous covariates. Analysis of variance and generalized linear models were used to compare the unadjusted and adjusted BDNF concentrations according to categorical variables. Multivariable linear regression models were applied to determine the factors that influence early pregnancy serum BDNF concentrations. In bivariate analysis, early pregnancy serum BDNF concentrations were positively associated with maternal age (r = 0.16, P < 0.001) and early pregnancy body mass index (BMI) (r = 0.17, P < 0.001), but inversely correlated with gestational age at sample collection (r = -0.21, P < 0.001) and C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations (r = -0.07, P < 0.05). In the multivariable linear regression model, maternal age (β = 0.11, P = 0.001), early pregnancy BMI (β = 1.58, P < 0.001), gestational age at blood collection (β = -0.33, P < 0.001), and serum CRP concentrations (β = -0.57, P = 0.002) were significantly associated with early pregnancy serum BDNF concentrations. Participants with moderate antepartum depressive symptoms (Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) score ≥ 10) had lower serum BDNF concentrations compared with participants with no/mild antepartum depressive symptoms (PHQ-9 score < 10). Maternal age, early pregnancy BMI, gestational age, and the presence of moderate antepartum depressive symptoms were statistically significantly associated with early pregnancy serum BDNF concentrations in low-income Peruvian women. Biological changes of CRP during pregnancy may affect serum BDNF concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Yang
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA,Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Elizabeth Levey
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachussets General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Bizu Gelaye
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Ave, K505F, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Qiu-Yue Zhong
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marta B. Rondon
- Department of Medicine, Cayetano Heredia Peruvian University, Lima, Peru
| | - Sixto E. Sanchez
- Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas, Lima Peru,Asociación Civil PROESA, Lima, Peru
| | - Michelle A. Williams
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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Briana DD, Papastavrou M, Boutsikou M, Marmarinos A, Gourgiotis D, Malamitsi-Puchner A. Differential expression of cord blood neurotrophins in gestational diabetes: the impact of fetal growth abnormalities. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2017; 31:278-283. [DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2017.1281907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Despina D. Briana
- Department of Neonatology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Papastavrou
- Department of Neonatology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Boutsikou
- Department of Neonatology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Antonios Marmarinos
- Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry-Molecular Diagnostics, 2nd Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Gourgiotis
- Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry-Molecular Diagnostics, 2nd Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Abstract
Fatty acids are critical nutrient regulators of intracellular signaling and influence key pathways including inflammatory responses, hemostasis as well as central nervous system development and function. Preterm birth interrupts the maternal-fetal transfer of essential fatty acids including docosahexaenoic and arachidonic acids, which occurs during the third trimester. Postnatal deficits of these nutrients accrue in preterm infants during the first week and they remain throughout the first months. Due to the regulatory roles of these fatty acids, such deficits contribute an increased risk of developing prematurity-related morbidities including impaired growth and neurodevelopment. The fatty acid contents of parenteral and enteral nutrition are insufficient to meet current recommendations. This chapter summarizes the regulatory roles of fatty acids, current recommendations and limitations of parenteral and enteral nutrition in meeting these recommendations in preterm infants. Suggested areas for research on the roles of fatty acids in preterm infant health are also provided.
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Flöck A, Weber SK, Ferrari N, Fietz C, Graf C, Fimmers R, Gembruch U, Merz WM. Determinants of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in umbilical cord and maternal serum. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2016; 63:191-7. [PMID: 26460781 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2015.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2015] [Revised: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) plays a fundamental role in brain development; additionally, it is involved in various aspects of cerebral function, including neurodegenerative and psychiatric diseases. Involvement of BDNF in parturition has not been investigated. The aim of our study was to analyze determinants of umbilical cord BDNF (UC-BDNF) concentrations of healthy, term newborns and their respective mothers. METHODS This cross-sectional prospective study was performed at a tertiary referral center. Maternal venous blood samples were taken on admission to labor ward; newborn venous blood samples were drawn from the umbilical cord (UC), before delivery of the placenta. Analysis was performed with a commercially available immunoassay. Univariate analyses and stepwise multivariate regression models were applied. RESULTS 120 patients were recruited. UC-BDNF levels were lower than maternal serum concentrations (median 641 ng/mL, IQR 506 vs. median 780 ng/mL, IQR 602). Correlation between UC- and maternal BDNF was low (R=0.251, p=0.01). In univariate analysis, mode of delivery (MoD), gestational age (GA), body mass index at delivery, and gestational diabetes were determinants of UC-BDNF (MoD and smoking for maternal BDNF, respectively). Stepwise multivariate regression analysis revealed a model with MoD and GA as determinants for UC-BDNF (MoD for maternal BDNF). CONCLUSIONS MoD and GA at delivery are determinants of circulating BDNF in the mother and newborn. We hypothesize that BDNF, like other neuroendocrine factors, is involved in the neuroendocrine cascade of delivery. Timing and mode of delivery may exert BDNF-induced effects on the cerebral function of newborns and their mothers.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Flöck
- Department of Obstetrics and Prenatal Medicine, University Bonn Medical School, Germany
| | - S K Weber
- Department of Obstetrics and Prenatal Medicine, University Bonn Medical School, Germany
| | - N Ferrari
- Department for Physical Activity in Public Health, Institute of Movement and Neurosciences, German Sport University, Cologne, Germany
| | - C Fietz
- Department for Physical Activity in Public Health, Institute of Movement and Neurosciences, German Sport University, Cologne, Germany
| | - C Graf
- Department for Physical Activity in Public Health, Institute of Movement and Neurosciences, German Sport University, Cologne, Germany
| | - R Fimmers
- Institute for Medical Biometry, Informatics and Epidemiology, University Bonn Medical School, Germany
| | - U Gembruch
- Department of Obstetrics and Prenatal Medicine, University Bonn Medical School, Germany
| | - W M Merz
- Department of Obstetrics and Prenatal Medicine, University Bonn Medical School, Germany.
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Ismail AM, Babers GM, El Rehany MA. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor in sera of breastfed epileptic infants and in breastmilk of their mothers. Breastfeed Med 2015; 10:277-82. [PMID: 26057553 DOI: 10.1089/bfm.2015.0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human milk contains leukocytes expressing brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), which may facilitate epileptogenesis. Our study aimed to estimate levels of BDNF in the sera of breastfed infants with idiopathic epilepsy and in breastmilk of their mothers and to assess its value as a marker of epilepsy severity. PATIENTS AND METHODS Thirty breastfed infants <2 years of age with idiopathic epilepsy and 15 control healthy breastfed infants were recruited for the study. Patients were subjected to thorough medical history, clinical examination, and assessment of disease severity. Routine laboratory and radiological investigations, including, liver, renal, and thyroid screen, brain magnetic resonance imaging, and measurement of serum and breastmilk BDNF levels, were performed. RESULTS Serum BDNF levels of epileptic infants and milk BDNF levels of their mothers were significantly higher than values for controls (p=0.0001). They were positively correlated with age, weight, length, and head circumference of epileptic children. Also, serum and milk BDNF levels were significantly increased with increased duration of illness and frequency of seizures. There was a significant positive correlation between serum and breastmilk levels of BDNF and significantly higher levels in severe cases of epilepsy. CONCLUSIONS Serum and milk BDNF levels are higher in epileptic infants than in controls and may be used as a marker of disease severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahlam M Ismail
- 1 Pediatrics Department, Faculty of Medicine, South Valley University , Qena, Egypt
| | - Gihan M Babers
- 2 Pediatrics Department, Faculty of Medicine , Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud A El Rehany
- 3 Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University , Minia, Egypt
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Dhobale M. Neurotrophins: Role in adverse pregnancy outcome. Int J Dev Neurosci 2014; 37:8-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2014.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2014] [Revised: 06/12/2014] [Accepted: 06/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
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Abstract
Challenges remain in optimizing the delivery of fatty acids to attain their nutritional and therapeutic benefits in neonatal health. In this review, knowledge about placental transfer of fatty acids to the developing fetus is summarized, the potential role and mechanisms of fatty acids in enhancing neonatal health and minimizing morbidities is outlined, the unique considerations for fatty acid delivery in the preterm population are defined, and the research questions are proposed that need to be addressed before new standards of care are adopted at the bedside for the provision of critical fatty acids to preterm infants.
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D'Souza VA, Kilari AS, Joshi AA, Mehendale SS, Pisal HM, Joshi SR. Differential regulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in term and preterm preeclampsia. Reprod Sci 2013; 21:230-5. [PMID: 23793470 DOI: 10.1177/1933719113493512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Our earlier studies in preeclampsia (PE) suggest a causal relationship between altered angiogenic factors and birth outcomes. Recent studies suggest that brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) can stimulate angiogenesis. The present study examines the levels of maternal and cord BDNF in women with PE (n = 106; full term [n = 60] and preterm [n = 46]) and normotensive women (n = 95; control) delivering at term. Maternal BDNF levels were lower (P < .05) in women with PE when compared to normotensive women. Cord BDNF levels were higher (P < .01) in women with PE delivering at term, while it was lower (P < .01) in women delivering preterm. Maternal BDNF levels were negatively associated with systolic and diastolic blood pressure (P < .01 for both). Our data for the first time suggest a possible role for BDNF in the pathophysiology of PE. Differential regulation of cord BDNF levels in preterm PE suggests a need to follow-up children to assess the neurodevelopmental effects in later life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vandita A D'Souza
- 1Department of Nutritional Medicine, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs, Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Pune, Maharashtra, India
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Bienertova-Vasku J, Bienert P, Zlamal F, Splichal Z, Tomandl J, Tomandlova M, Hodicka Z, Ventruba P, Vasku A. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor and ciliary neurotrophic factor in maternal plasma and umbilical cord blood from pre-eclamptic and physiological pregnancies. J OBSTET GYNAECOL 2013; 33:359-63. [DOI: 10.3109/01443615.2013.776026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Association of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and tyrosine kinase B receptor in pregnancy. Neuroscience 2012; 216:31-7. [PMID: 22542551 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2012.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2012] [Revised: 03/29/2012] [Accepted: 04/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Abnormal brain development in a compromised prenatal and/or early postnatal environment is thought to be a risk factor for several neurobehavioural disorders. However, the mechanisms underlying these are not well understood. We have earlier reported reduced placental docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) levels in preterm deliveries. We have hypothesized that increased oxidative stress and reduced DHA levels may lead to changes in the circulating levels of maternal and cord brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its receptor tyrosine kinase B (TrkB) levels. A total number of 96 women delivering preterm and 95 women delivering at term were recruited. Plasma BDNF levels were measured in both mother and cord blood plasma using the BDNF Immuno Assay kit. Placental TrkB levels were analysed using sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Maternal plasma BDNF levels and placental TrkB levels were higher (p<0.05) while cord plasma BDNF levels were lower (p<0.01) in women delivering preterm as compared to term. There was a negative association between levels of placental TrkB and DHA (p=0.034). A negative association between maternal plasma BDNF levels and placental weight (p=0.001) was observed while a positive association was seen between cord plasma BDNF levels and gestation (p=0.025). The reduction in cord BDNF levels may have implications for altered neurodevelopment in childhood and later life. Studies need to be undertaken to follow up children born preterm for risk of neurobehavioural disorders like attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) to understand the effect of altered BDNF at birth on neurodevelopment.
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Pitcher JB, Schneider LA, Drysdale JL, Ridding MC, Owens JA. Motor system development of the preterm and low birthweight infant. Clin Perinatol 2011; 38:605-25. [PMID: 22107893 DOI: 10.1016/j.clp.2011.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Despite advances in knowledge and technology, accurate prediction of later neuromotor outcomes for infants born preterm remains somewhat elusive. Here we review some of the most recent findings regarding the differential effects of preterm birth and suboptimal fetal growth on neurodevelopment. Evidence from transcranial magnetic stimulation studies is presented that suggests neuromotor development may more directly influence cognitive outcomes than previously recognised. We discuss the role of neuroplasticity in both exacerbating and improving these postnatal outcomes, and possible therapeutic targets for manipulating this. Finally, some developmental care practices that might affect long-term outcomes for these children are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia B Pitcher
- Neuromotor Plasticity and Development, Robinson Institute, Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.
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Fujita K, Tatsumi K, Kondoh E, Chigusa Y, Mogami H, Fujii T, Yura S, Kakui K, Konishi I. Differential expression and the anti-apoptotic effect of human placental neurotrophins and their receptors. Placenta 2011; 32:737-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2011.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2011] [Revised: 06/30/2011] [Accepted: 07/01/2011] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Kumar P, Venners SA, Fu L, Pearson C, Ortiz K, Wang X. Association of antenatal steroid use with cord blood immune biomarkers in preterm births. Early Hum Dev 2011; 87:559-64. [PMID: 21576006 PMCID: PMC3140537 DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2011.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2011] [Revised: 03/30/2011] [Accepted: 04/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effect of maternal administration of antenatal steroids (ANS) on cord blood cytokine levels at birth in preterm infants. METHODS Cord blood cytokine concentrations were measured for pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8); anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4, IL-10 and TGF-β); and neurotrophic cytokines (BDNF, NT-3, and NT-4) in two hundred preterm infants. Data were analyzed using multivariable linear regression to model the independent and joint effects of ANS and inflammation on mean log cord blood cytokine concentrations adjusted for gestational age and Apgar scores. RESULTS Exposure to ANS had no significant effect on the cord blood concentrations of cytokines measured in this study. All three pro-inflammatory cytokine levels and levels of IL-10 were significantly increased and cord blood levels of TGF-β and NT-3 were significantly decreased in infants with placental inflammation. CONCLUSION Although exposure to ANS did not have any significant effect on cord blood levels of cytokines, there was a trend toward the attenuation of inflammatory response and higher levels of neurotrophic cytokines in infants born to mothers with placental inflammation and exposure to ANS compared to infants born to mothers with placental inflammation and no ANS exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praveen Kumar
- Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
| | - Scott A Venners
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada V5A 4X8
| | - Lingling Fu
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States 02118
| | - Colleen Pearson
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States 02118
| | - Katherin Ortiz
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States 02118
| | - Xiaobin Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine and Children’s Memorial Hospital and Children’s Memorial Research Center, Chicago, IL, United States 60611
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Dhobale M, Joshi S. Altered maternal micronutrients (folic acid, vitamin B12) and omega 3 fatty acids through oxidative stress may reduce neurotrophic factors in preterm pregnancy. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2011; 25:317-23. [DOI: 10.3109/14767058.2011.579209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Distefano G, Praticò AD. Actualities on molecular pathogenesis and repairing processes of cerebral damage in perinatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. Ital J Pediatr 2010; 36:63. [PMID: 20846380 PMCID: PMC2954868 DOI: 10.1186/1824-7288-36-63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2010] [Accepted: 09/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is the most important cause of cerebral damage and long-term neurological sequelae in the perinatal period both in term and preterm infant. Hypoxic-ischemic (H-I) injuries develop in two phases: the ischemic phase, dominated by necrotic processes, and the reperfusion phase, dominated by apoptotic processes extending beyond ischemic areas. Due to selective ischemic vulnerability, cerebral damage affects gray matter in term newborns and white matter in preterm newborns with the typical neuropathological aspects of laminar cortical necrosis in the former and periventricular leukomalacia in the latter. This article summarises the principal physiopathological and biochemical processes leading to necrosis and/or apoptosis of neuronal and glial cells and reports recent insights into some endogenous and exogenous cellular and molecular mechanisms aimed at repairing H-I cerebral damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Distefano
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
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Spulber S, Rantamäki T, Nikkilä O, Castrén E, Weihe P, Grandjean P, Ceccatelli S. Effects of maternal smoking and exposure to methylmercury on brain-derived neurotrophic factor concentrations in umbilical cord serum. Toxicol Sci 2010; 117:263-9. [PMID: 20631062 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfq216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a neurotrophin essential for neuronal survival and differentiation. We examined the concentration of BDNF in cord serum from newborns exposed to methylmercury (MeHg) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) in utero by maternal consumption of whale meat. The cohort consisted of 395 singleton births (206 boys and 189 girls), gestational age ranging from 38 to 42 weeks. Serum BDNF was measured by sandwich ELISA. Maternal smoking habits and other relevant factors were obtained by interviewing the mothers. The exposure to MeHg was estimated from Hg concentrations in cord blood, whereas exposure to PCB was estimated based on maternal serum concentrations. Only MeHg exposure affected the serum BDNF, which decreased in a concentration-dependent manner in girls born to nonsmoking mothers. Maternal smoking significantly increased BNDF in girls but not in boys. For further statistical analyses, we used the serum BDNF concentration as a continuous outcome variable in supervised regression models. Serum BDNF concentration increased with gestational age, increased by maternal smoking, decreased slightly with MeHg exposure, and maternal smoking enhanced the decrease in serum BDNF induced by MeHg exposure. Cord blood BDNF has been reported to increase in association with perinatal brain injuries and has been proposed as a possible predictive marker of neurodevelopmental outcomes. The negative effect that MeHg seems to exert on cord blood BDNF concentration could endanger compensatory responses to an adverse impact and therefore deserves attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Spulber
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden.
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34
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Sood BG, Madan A, Saha S, Schendel D, Thorsen P, Skogstrand K, Hougaard D, Shankaran S, Carlo W. Perinatal systemic inflammatory response syndrome and retinopathy of prematurity. Pediatr Res 2010; 67:394-400. [PMID: 20032809 PMCID: PMC2873779 DOI: 10.1203/pdr.0b013e3181d01a36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Fetal and neonatal inflammation is associated with several morbidities of prematurity. Its relationship to retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) has not been investigated. Our objective was to determine the relationship between cytokine levels and ROP in the first 3 postnatal wks. Data for this study were derived from the NICHD Cytokine Study. Dried blood spots (DBS) were obtained from infants <1000 g on days 0-1, 3 +/- 1, 7 +/- 2, 14 +/- 3, and 21 +/- 3. Infants were classified into three groups-no, mild, and severe ROP. Multiplex Luminex assay was used to quantify 20 cytokines. Temporal profiles of cytokines were evaluated using mixed-effects models after controlling for covariates. Of 1074 infants enrolled, 890 were examined for ROP and 877 included in the analysis. ROP was associated with several clinical characteristics on unadjusted analyses. Eight cytokines remained significantly different across ROP groups in adjusted analyses. IL-6 and IL-17 showed significant effects in early time periods (D0-3); TGF-beta, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) in later time periods (D7-21) and IL-18, C-reactive protein (CRP), and neurotrophin-4 (NT-4) in both early and later time periods. We conclude that perinatal inflammation may be involved in the pathogenesis of ROP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beena G. Sood
- Department of Pediatrics Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201
| | - Ashima Madan
- Department of Pediatrics Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94305
| | - Shampa Saha
- Statistics and Epidemiology Unit RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709
| | - Diana Schendel
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta, GA 30329
| | - Poul Thorsen
- Department of Epidemiology and Social Medicine University of Aarhus, DK-8000 Denmark; Rollins School of Public Health Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Kristin Skogstrand
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology Statens Serum Institut, DK-2300, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - David Hougaard
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology Statens Serum Institut, DK-2300, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Seetha Shankaran
- Department of Pediatrics Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201
| | - Wally Carlo
- Department of Pediatrics University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233
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Matoba N, Yu Y, Mestan K, Pearson C, Ortiz K, Porta N, Thorsen P, Skogstrand K, Hougaard DM, Zuckerman B, Wang X. Differential patterns of 27 cord blood immune biomarkers across gestational age. Pediatrics 2009; 123:1320-8. [PMID: 19403498 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2008-1222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Inflammation has been associated with preterm delivery and adverse neonatal outcomes such as cerebral palsy and chronic lung disease. However, no study to date has simultaneously examined a wide range of inflammatory mediators and their relationship to gestational age. We sought to describe the distribution of immune biomarkers in cord blood across gestational age and to investigate the association between biomarker level patterns and preterm birth. PATIENTS AND METHODS As part of a large-scale molecular epidemiological study of preterm birth conducted at Boston Medical Center, this study analyzed both clinical and biomarker data from 927 births. Twenty-seven biomarkers were simultaneously quantified by immunoassay. The associations between the quartiles of 27 biomarkers and 3 gestational groups (< or =32, 33-36, and > or =37 weeks) were analyzed. Biomarkers found to be significant were further analyzed for dose-response correlation with preterm birth by logistic regression, adjusted for pertinent demographic and clinical factors. RESULTS The 27 biomarkers could be classified into 1 of 3 groups: (1) biomarkers increased in preterm birth (interleukin [IL]-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-8, IL-10, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1, macrophage inflammatory protein [MIP]-1alpha, MIP-1beta, soluble IL-6 receptor alpha, tumor necrosis factor alpha, soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor I, and TREM-1 [triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1]); (2) biomarkers decreased in preterm birth (brain-derived neurotrophic factor, IL-1beta, IL-18, matrix metalloproteinase 9, and neurotrophin 3); and (3) biomarkers not associated with preterm birth (IL-6, IL-12, IL-17, granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor, interferon gamma, macrophage migration inhibitory factor, neurotrophin 4, RANTES [regulated on activation, normal T-cell expressed and secreted], transforming growth factor beta, and tumor necrosis factor beta). CONCLUSIONS Biomarkers have different directions of association with prematurity; for significant biomarkers, the strength of association increases with biomarker concentration. Our results provide important information that could be used to guide additional studies aimed at determining mechanisms that contribute to preterm birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nana Matoba
- Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
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Rao R, Mashburn CB, Mao J, Wadhwa N, Smith GM, Desai NS. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor in infants <32 weeks gestational age: correlation with antenatal factors and postnatal outcomes. Pediatr Res 2009; 65:548-52. [PMID: 19190539 PMCID: PMC2735819 DOI: 10.1203/pdr.0b013e31819d9ea5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Neurotrophins (NTs) play important roles in brain growth and development. Cord blood (CB) brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) concentrations increase with gestational age but data regarding postnatal changes are limited. We measured BDNF concentrations after birth in 33 preterm infants <32-wk gestation. Serum was collected at birth (CB), at day 2, between day 6 and 10 (D6), at day 30 (D30), and at day 60 (D60). BDNF concentrations fell on D2 (p = 0.03), recovered by D6 (p = 0.10), and continued to rise thereafter at D30 (p = 0.06) and D60 (p = 0.01) compared with CB. CB BDNF concentrations positively correlated with duration of rupture of membranes (r = 0.43, p = 0.04). Antenatal steroids (ANS, p = 0.02), postnatal steroids (PNS, p = 0.04), and retinopathy of prematurity (ROP, p = 0.02) were identified as significant factors in multivariate analyses. The median (25-75th interquartile range) CB BDNF concentrations were higher in infants who received a complete course ANS compared with those who received a partial course [1461 (553-2064) versus 281 (171-536) pg/mL, p = 0.04]. BDNF concentrations negatively correlated with the use of PNS at D30 (r = -0.53, p = 0.002) and at D60 (r = -0.55, p = 0.009). PNS use was associated with reduced concentrations of BDNF at D30 [733 (101-1983) versus 2224 (1677- 4400) pg/mL, p = 0.004] and at D60 [1149 (288-2270) versus 2560 (1337-5166) pg/mL, p = 0.01]. BDNF concentrations on D60 in infants who developed ROP (n = 16) were lower than those who did not develop ROP (n = 7) [1417 (553-2540) versus 3593 (2620-7433) pg/mL, respectively, p = 0.005]. Our data suggests that BDNF concentrations rise beyond the first week of age. BDNF concentrations correlate with factors that influence neurodevelopment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Rao
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University of St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA.
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37
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Cannon TD, Yolken R, Buka S, Torrey EF. Decreased neurotrophic response to birth hypoxia in the etiology of schizophrenia. Biol Psychiatry 2008; 64:797-802. [PMID: 18486103 PMCID: PMC2655104 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2008.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2008] [Revised: 03/27/2008] [Accepted: 04/11/2008] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obstetric complications, particularly fetal hypoxia, are associated with increased risk for schizophrenia later in life. Such factors are also related to increased severity of certain neuropathological features of schizophrenia, including hippocampal and cortical gray matter reduction, among individuals with a genetic susceptibility to the disorder. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying these associations are unknown. Here, we sought to determine whether neurotrophic factors, which are stimulated as part of a neuroprotective response to fetal distress, are differentially expressed in cord blood samples at the time of birth following fetal hypoxia, maternal hypertension/small for gestational age status, and/or prematurity among individuals who developed schizophrenia as adults, as compared with control subjects. METHODS One hundred eleven cases with psychotic disorders (70 with schizophrenia) and 333 control subjects matched for gender, race, and date of birth were drawn from the Philadelphia cohort of the National Collaborative Perinatal Project in a nested case-control study. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) was assayed from cord and maternal blood samples taken at delivery and stored at -20 degrees C for 45 to 50 years. RESULTS Among control subjects, birth hypoxia was associated with a significant (10%) increase in BDNF in cord samples, while among cases, hypoxia was associated with a significant (20%) decrease in BDNF. This differential response to fetal hypoxia was specific to schizophrenia and was not explained by other obstetric complications or by the BDNF valine (val) to methionine (met) polymorphism at codon 66 (val66met). CONCLUSIONS These findings provide serologically based prospective evidence of disrupted neurotrophic signaling in response to birth hypoxia in the molecular pathogenesis of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyrone D. Cannon
- Departments of Psychology, Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA
| | - Robert Yolken
- Stanley Neurovirology Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate fetal or neonatal inflammatory patterns based on 25 inflammatory markers in neonatal dried blood spots samples from infants born preterm and term, collected several days after birth. METHODS Dried blood spots samples from 160 neonates were analyzed for 25 inflammatory markers using multiplex technology: 26 neonates born very preterm (before 32 weeks of gestation), drawn at a mean 6 days (95% confidence interval [CI], 5-7 days) after birth; 52 born preterm (32-36 weeks of gestation), drawn at mean 5 days (95% CI, 5-6 days) after birth; and 82 born at term (at or after 37 weeks of gestation), drawn at mean 5 days (95% CI, 5-5 days) after birth. Markers statistically significantly associated with preterm birth were analyzed in a multivariable model together with maternal and neonatal risk factors for preterm birth. RESULTS Elevated levels of interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-6, soluble IL-6ralpha, IL-8, matrix metalloproteinase-9, and transforming growth factor-beta1 and decreased levels of IL-18, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, and C-reactive protein were associated with preterm birth. Maternal risk factors could explain only an increase of IL-1beta, whereas neonatal factors could explain several of the elevated and decreased inflammatory markers in the dried blood spots samples from the infants born preterm compared with the infants born at term. CONCLUSION The differences in levels of inflammatory markers in dried blood spots samples from infants born preterm compared with infants born at term supports the hypothesis that inflammation of fetal origin might be a cause of preterm birth. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE II.
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Malamitsi-Puchner A, Nikolaou KE, Economou E, Boutsikou M, Boutsikou T, Kyriakakou M, Puchner KP, Hassiakos D. Intrauterine growth restriction and circulating neurotrophin levels at term. Early Hum Dev 2007; 83:465-9. [PMID: 17071024 DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2006.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2006] [Revised: 09/01/2006] [Accepted: 09/01/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intrauterine growth restricted (IUGR) fetuses are those with estimated weight <10th customized centile, displaying signs of chronic malnutrition and hypoxia leading to brain sparing effect. Neurotrophins, [Nerve Growth Factor (NGF), Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF), Neurotrophin-3 (NT-3), Neurotrophin-4 (NT-4)] are important for pre- and post-natal brain development. AIMS To investigate circulating NGF, BDNF, NT-3 and NT-4 levels in IUGR and appropriate for gestational age (AGA) fullterm fetuses and neonates (day-1 [N1] and day-4 [N4]) and in their mothers. STUDY DESIGN Prospective case control study. SUBJECTS 60 mothers and their single 30 IUGR and 30 AGA fullterm fetuses and neonates. OUTCOME MEASURES Determination, by enzyme immunoassays, of NGF, BDNF, NT-3 and NT-4 plasma levels. RESULTS No statistically significant differences existed between IUGR and AGA maternal, fetal and neonatal levels of BDNF, NT-3 and NT-4. NGF was significantly higher in AGA than IUGR maternal (p=0.007), fetal (p=0.01), neonatal day 1 (p=0.043) and 4 (p=0.003) plasma, and positively correlated with the infants' centiles and birthweights. IUGR and AGA maternal neurotrophins were higher than the respective fetal and neonatal ones and no correlation with gender or delivery mode in both groups was observed. CONCLUSIONS In the perinatal period, circulating levels of BDNF, NT-3 and NT-4 do not differ in IUGR and AGA pregnancies, in contrast to NGF levels, which are higher in the AGA group. NGF is the only neurotrophin correlating with customized centiles and birthweights of the infants. Neurotrophin concentrations are higher in maternal plasma and do not depend on gender.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariadne Malamitsi-Puchner
- Neonatal Division, Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
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Malamitsi-Puchner A, Economou E, Boutsikou T, E. Nikolaou K, Vrachnis N. Neurotrophin-3 and FLT3 tyrosine kinase receptor in perinatal life. Mediators Inflamm 2005; 2005:53-6. [PMID: 15770067 PMCID: PMC1513060 DOI: 10.1155/mi.2005.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Our aim is to determine—in 30 healthy full-term
infants and their mothers—circulating levels of neurotrophin-3
(NT-3) (important for antenatal and postnatal brain development
and implicated in the immune response) and FLT3 tyrosine kinase
receptor (FLT3) (controlling hematopoiesis and found in the
nervous tissue), in the fetal and neonatal life. NT-3 levels, in
contrast to FLT3 ones, increased significantly on the fourth
postnatal day in relation to the low levels found in the mother,
fetus, and day 1 neonate (P = .03, respectively). Maternal and
umbilical NT3 levels positively correlated with respective FLT3
levels (P = .003 and P = .03). Circulating NT-3 levels increased
in early neonatal life, possibly due to exposure to various
stimuli soon after birth. FLT3 levels do not seem to behave
accordingly, although these two substances probably synergize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariadne Malamitsi-Puchner
- Neonatal Division and Hormonal Laboratory,
Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology,
University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece
- * Ariadne Malamitsi-Puchner;
| | - Emmanouel Economou
- Neonatal Division and Hormonal Laboratory,
Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology,
University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece
| | - Theodora Boutsikou
- Neonatal Division and Hormonal Laboratory,
Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology,
University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos E. Nikolaou
- Neonatal Division and Hormonal Laboratory,
Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology,
University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Vrachnis
- Neonatal Division and Hormonal Laboratory,
Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology,
University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece
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Fumagalli F, Bedogni F, Perez J, Racagni G, Riva MA. Corticostriatal brain-derived neurotrophic factor dysregulation in adult rats following prenatal stress. Eur J Neurosci 2004; 20:1348-54. [PMID: 15341606 DOI: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2004.03592.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Prenatal stress represents a well-established experimental protocol resembling some features of schizophrenia, including deficits in social interactions, disruption of prepulse inhibition and enhanced response to psychomotor stimulants. In order to evaluate molecular changes that could participate in long-lasting effects on brain function, we analysed the effects of prenatal stress on the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), an important molecular determinant of synaptic plasticity and cellular homeostasis, in adult male rats under basal conditions as well as in response to a chronic stress. The main finding is that BDNF expression is reduced in the prefrontal cortex and striatum of prenatally stressed rats. Furthermore, when exposed to chronic stress in adulthood, these rats display an altered regulation of BDNF expression in these brain structures, implying that adverse life events during gestation may interfere with the expression and function of this neurotrophin at adulthood in a region-specific manner. The dysregulation of corticostriatal BDNF expression might thus contribute to permanent alterations in brain functions leading to heightened susceptibility to psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Fumagalli
- Center of Neuropharmacology, Department of Pharmacological Sciences, University of Milan, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133, Italy
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