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Barnhart WR, Kalantzis M, Gaggiano C, Braden AL. The relation between questionnaire-measured self-reported emotional eating and disordered eating behaviors: A meta-analysis of nearly three decades of research. Appetite 2024; 198:107343. [PMID: 38604382 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2024.107343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Extensive research exists on the association between self-reported emotional eating (EE) and disordered eating (DE) behaviors. Heterogeneity exists by type (e.g., unidimensional vs. multidimensional) and valence (e.g., negative vs. positive) of self-reported EE, and no previous meta-analyses have examined the association between self-reported EE and DE behaviors. A total of 67 studies (N = 26,289; 43 reporting relations in one model, and 24 reporting relations in more than one model) met inclusion criteria; ranges for age and publication date were 18.0-61.8 years old and 1995 to 2022. Five models quantified relations between DE behaviors and 1) broad negative EE, 2) EE in response to depression, 3) EE in response to anger and anxiety, 4) EE in response to boredom, and 5) EE in response to positive emotions. Using random-effects models, pooled Cohen's d effect sizes suggested small, positive relations between DE behaviors and self-reported broad negative EE (d = 0.40, p < 0.001), EE-depression (d = 0.41, p < 0.001), EE-anger/anxiety (d = 0.35, p < 0.001), and EE-boredom (d = 0.38, p < 0.001). A significant, but very small, positive relation was observed between DE behaviors and self-reported EE-positive (d = 0.08, p = 0.01). Subgroup analyses suggested a medium, positive relation between self-reported broad negative EE and binge eating (d = 0.53, p < 0.001) and a small, positive relation between self-reported broad negative EE and dietary restraint (d = 0.20, p < 0.001). Significant heterogeneity was identified across all models except for the EE-boredom and DE behaviors model. Higher BMI, but not age, clinical status, or type of DE behavior strengthened the positive relation between self-reported broad negative EE and DE behaviors. Findings support previous research suggesting that negative and positive EE are distinct constructs, with negatively valenced EE being more closely associated with DE behaviors, especially binge eating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wesley R Barnhart
- Department of Psychology, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH, USA.
| | - Maria Kalantzis
- Department of Psychology, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH, USA
| | - Christina Gaggiano
- Department of Psychology, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH, USA
| | - Abby L Braden
- Department of Psychology, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH, USA
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Kim AJ, Stewart SH, Sherry SB, McGrath DS, Mushquash CJ, Olthuis JV, Mushquash AR. Clarifying the pathway from anxiety sensitivity to binge eating: The mediating role of depressive symptoms in a 3-week, 3-wave longitudinal study of undergraduates. Eat Behav 2024; 52:101843. [PMID: 38217932 DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2024.101843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Anxiety sensitivity (AS) - characterized by a persistent fear that arousal-related bodily sensations will lead to serious cognitive, physical, and/or social consequences - is associated with various psychopathologies, including depressive symptoms and binge eating. This 3-week, 3-wave longitudinal study examined the relation between AS (including its global AS factor and lower-order AS cognitive, physical, and social concern dimensions), depressive symptoms, and binge eating among 410 undergraduates from two universities. Using generalized estimating equation models, we found that global AS, AS social concerns, and depressive symptoms predicted binge eating during any given week. Mediation analyses showed that global AS (as a latent variable with its lower-order AS dimensions as indicators), AS cognitive concerns, and AS physical concerns at Wave 1 predicted subsequent increases in depressive symptoms at Wave 2, which, in turn, led to increases in binge eating at Wave 3. Findings contribute to a better understanding of the interplay between AS, depressive symptoms, and binge eating, highlighting the role of binge eating as a potential coping mechanism for individuals with high AS, particularly in managing depressive symptoms. This study underscores the importance of AS-targeted intervention and prevention efforts in addressing depressive symptoms and binge eating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andy J Kim
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, B3H4R2, Canada.
| | - Sherry H Stewart
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, B3H4R2, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, B3H2E2, Canada.
| | - Simon B Sherry
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, B3H4R2, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, B3H2E2, Canada.
| | - Daniel S McGrath
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, T2N1N4, Canada.
| | | | - Janine V Olthuis
- Department of Psychology, University of New Brunswick, E3B5A3, Canada.
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Bazo Perez M, Hayes TB, Frazier LD. Beyond generalized anxiety: the association of anxiety sensitivity with disordered eating. J Eat Disord 2023; 11:173. [PMID: 37784155 PMCID: PMC10544544 DOI: 10.1186/s40337-023-00890-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anxiety and eating disorders (EDs) are rising at alarming rates. These mental health disorders are often comorbid, yet the factors associated with their comorbidity are not well understood. The present study examined a theoretical model of the pathways and relative associations of anxiety sensitivity (AS) with different dimensions of ED risk, controlling for generalized anxiety. METHODS Participants (N = 795) were undergraduate students with an average age of 21 (SD = 4.02), predominantly female (71%), and Hispanic (71.8%). Participants completed an online survey with established measures of AS (i.e., Anxiety Sensitivity Index-3; ASI-3), general anxiety (i.e., Beck Anxiety Inventory; BAI), and eating behaviors (i.e., Eating Attitudes Test-26; EAT-26). RESULTS The results of our structural equation models indicated that AS subscales were significantly associated with dimensions of the EAT-26, even when controlling for generalized anxiety. Specifically, the ASI-3 factors reflecting cognitive and social concerns provided the most consistent significant associations with EDs. Whereas reporting higher cognitive concerns was associated with higher ED symptoms (e.g., reporting the urge to vomit after a meal), reporting higher social concerns was associated with fewer ED symptoms. These differential results may suggest risk and resilience pathways and potential protective or buffering effects of social concerns on ED risk. DISCUSSION Findings advance understanding of the role of AS in the comorbidity of anxiety and EDs, demonstrating the strong association of AS with ED pathology. These findings provide cognitive indicators for transdiagnostic therapeutic intervention in order to reduce the risk of EDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Bazo Perez
- Department of Psychology, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, Miami, FL, 33199, USA.
| | - Timothy B Hayes
- Department of Psychology, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Leslie D Frazier
- Department of Psychology, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
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Raisi A, Zerbini V, Piva T, Belvederi Murri M, Menegatti E, Caruso L, Masotti S, Grazzi G, Mazzoni G, Mandini S. Treating Binge Eating Disorder With Physical Exercise: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JOURNAL OF NUTRITION EDUCATION AND BEHAVIOR 2023; 55:523-530. [PMID: 37245147 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneb.2023.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This review aimed to collect evidence about the effectiveness of exercise programs for managing binge eating disorder (BED) (recurrent binge eating episodes). METHODS Meta-analysis was developed following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses protocol. Articles were searched in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library. Randomized controlled trials were eligible for inclusion if they reported the effect of an exercise-based program on BED symptoms in adults. Outcomes were changes in binge eating symptom severity, measured through validated assessment instruments, after an exercise-based intervention. Study results were pooled using the Bayesian model averaging for random and fixed effects meta-analysis. RESULTS Of 2,757 studies, 5 trials were included, with 264 participants. The mean age was 44.7 ± 8.1 years for the intervention group and 46.6 ± 8.5 years for the control group. All participants were female. A significant improvement was observed between groups (standardized mean difference, 0.94; 95% credibility interval, -1.46 to -0.31). Patients obtained significant improvements either following supervised exercise programs or home-based exercise prescriptions. IMPLICATIONS FOR RESEARCH AND PRACTICE These findings suggest that physical exercise, within a multidisciplinary clinical and psychotherapeutic approach, may be an effective intervention for managing BED symptoms. Further comparative studies are needed to clarify which exercise modality is associated with greater clinical benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Raisi
- Center for Exercise Science and Sport, Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Valentina Zerbini
- Center for Exercise Science and Sport, Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Tommaso Piva
- Center for Exercise Science and Sport, Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Martino Belvederi Murri
- Institute of Psychiatry Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Erica Menegatti
- Departement of Environmental Sciences and Prevention, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Caruso
- Departement of Environmental Sciences and Prevention, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Sabrina Masotti
- Center for Exercise Science and Sport, Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giovanni Grazzi
- Center for Exercise Science and Sport, Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy; Public Health Department, AUSL Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy; Healthy Living for Pandemic Event Protection (HL-PIVOT) Network, Chicago, IL
| | - Gianni Mazzoni
- Center for Exercise Science and Sport, Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy; Public Health Department, AUSL Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Simona Mandini
- Center for Exercise Science and Sport, Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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Salwa A, Zvolensky MJ, Kauffman B. The association between anxiety sensitivity and food cravings among individuals seeking treatment for weight-related behaviors. Eat Behav 2023; 48:101684. [PMID: 36463666 PMCID: PMC9974607 DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2022.101684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A better understanding of risk-factors associated with state-like food cravings may be one clinically relevant component in an effort to better understand obesity. Existing work has shown anxiety sensitivity (AS) to be a significant risk factor for increased cravings across a variety of health behaviors (e.g., smoking, alcohol use). Yet, no work has examined the relationship between AS and state-like food cravings. Therefore, the current study sought to examine the association between AS and a variety of state-like food cravings, including: (1) an intense desire to eat, (2) anticipation of relief from negative states and feelings/improvement in mood that may result from eating, (3) obsessive preoccupation with food or lack of control over eating, and (4) craving as a physiological state. METHODS Participants included 161 (Mage = 31.58, SD = 10.71; 60.9 % female) individuals seeking treatment for weight-related behaviors. RESULTS Results indicated that elevated AS was associated with reinforcement-based and physiological food cravings. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that there may be clinical utility in screening for AS among individuals seeking treatment for weight-related behaviors in efforts to better understand specific types of food craving.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aniqua Salwa
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Michael J Zvolensky
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Behavioral Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; HEALTH Institute, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Brooke Kauffman
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
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Aldhuwayhi S, Shaikh SA, Mallineni SK, Kumari VV, Thakare AA, Ahmed Khan AR, Mustafa MZ, Manva MZ. Occupational Stress and Stress Busters Used Among Saudi Dental Practitioners During the COVID-19 Pandemic Outbreak. Disaster Med Public Health Prep 2022; 16:1975-1981. [PMID: 34176540 PMCID: PMC8387692 DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2021.215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to assess the stress levels, stress busters (stress relievers), and coping mechanisms among Saudi dental practitioners (SDPs) during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic outbreak. METHOD A self-administered questionnaire was sent to SDPs via Google Forms. Cohen's stress score scale was used for stress evaluation, and the mean scores were compared based on age, gender, qualification, and occupation. In addition, comparisons of the utilization of stress coping mechanisms and stress busters based on gender, age, and occupation were evaluated. Descriptive statistics were carried out using SPSS Version 21.0 (IBM Corp, Armonk, NY). RESULTS A total of 206 SDPs (69% males and 31% females) participated in the study. Male SDPs showed a higher score than females (P > 0.05). SDPs around age 50 years and above obtained high stress scores (25 ± 7.4) as compared with other age groups (P < 0.05). The occupational level showed higher stress scores (22.6 ± 4.6 than the other occupation groups (P < 0.05). The majority of the SDPs used watching TV/mobile/computer (80%) as a stress buster, followed by binge eating (64%), exercise (44%), smoking (32%), do-it-yourself (DIY; 23%), and meditation (17%). CONCLUSION SDPs are experiencing stress levels during the COVID-19 pandemic. Male SDPs above age 50 years and private practitioners showed higher levels of stress scores. An overall commonly used stress buster was smoking in males and meditation in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sami Aldhuwayhi
- Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, Majmaah University, AlMajmaah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saquib Ahmed Shaikh
- Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, Majmaah University, AlMajmaah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sreekanth Kumar Mallineni
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Majmaah University, AlMajmaah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Amar Ashok Thakare
- Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, Majmaah University, AlMajmaah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdul Rehman Ahmed Khan
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Majmaah University, AlMajmaah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Mohnish Z. Manva
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Majmaah University, AlMajmaah, Saudi Arabia
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7
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Kauffman BY, Gallagher MW, Viana AG, Schmidt NB, Zvolensky MJ. Computer-delivered intervention for individuals with obesity and elevated anxiety sensitivity: feasibility, acceptability, and initial test. Cogn Behav Ther 2022; 51:353-370. [PMID: 35037832 DOI: 10.1080/16506073.2021.2018487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is one the fastest growing public health problems related to numerous chronic diseases and frequently co-occurs with negative mood states. One promising approach to address the heterogeneity of affective vulnerabilities and obesity is to focus on processes (e.g. anxiety sensitivity [AS]) that underpin both conditions. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the feasibility, acceptability, and initial efficacy of a brief, computer-delivered AS reduction program (AST) for adults with obesity and elevated AS. Participants were 131 individuals with obesity and elevated AS who received either AST or a health information control (HC). Latent growth curve modeling was utilized to examine the effect of treatment condition on change in AS, emotional eating, expectancies of eating to manage mood, and exercise self-efficacy from baseline to 1-week, 2-weeks, and 1-month follow-up. Results indicated it was feasible to recruit and retain individuals with obesity and elevated AS through the 1-month follow-up. Positive qualitative feedback was also provided for both AST and HC. AST was a statistically significant predictor of change in expectancies of eating to manage negative affect. No other statistically significant treatment effects were indicated. Current data provide initial empirical support for future work focused on persons with obesity and elevated AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooke Y Kauffman
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | - Andres G Viana
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Norman B Schmidt
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Michael J Zvolensky
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Behavioral Science, The University of Texas Md Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.,Health Institute, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
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Smits JAJ, Zvolensky MJ, Rosenfield D, Brown RA, Otto MW, Dutcher CD, Papini S, Freeman SZ, DiVita A, Perrone A, Garey L. Community-based smoking cessation treatment for adults with high anxiety sensitivity: a randomized clinical trial. Addiction 2021; 116:3188-3197. [PMID: 34033178 PMCID: PMC10091508 DOI: 10.1111/add.15586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS People with anxiety disorders are more likely to smoke and less likely to succeed when they try to quit. Anxiety sensitivity may underlie both phenomena, such that people with high anxiety sensitivity react to interoceptive distress by avoidance. This study aimed to test the efficacy of an exercise program that induced interoceptive distress and thereby created tolerance to this distress in a safe environment. DESIGN, SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS Randomized clinical trial at four YMCA branches in Austin, Texas, USA. Participants [n = 150; 130 (86.7%) white; 101 (67.3%) female; meanage = 38.6, standard deviation (SD)age = 10.4] were adult, daily smokers with high anxiety sensitivity motivated to quit smoking, who reported no regular moderate-intensity exercise. INTERVENTIONS Participants were assigned a YMCA personal trainer who guided them through a 15-week intervention aerobic exercise program. Participants assigned to the personalized intervention trained at 60-85% of their heart rate reserve (HRR), whereas participants assigned to the control intervention trained at 20-40% of their HRR. Participants in both groups received standard behavioral support and nicotine replacement therapy. MEASUREMENTS The primary outcome was biologically verified 7-day point prevalence abstinence (PPA) at 6-month follow-up. FINDINGS Sixty-one per cent of participants were available at the 6-month follow-up. PPA at 6 months was higher in the personalized intervention than the control intervention [27.6 versus 14.8%; odds ratio (OR) = 2.20, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.28, 3.80, P = 0.005], assuming missing at random. Anxiety sensitivity declined in both groups with no evidence that this differed between groups. CONCLUSIONS An exercise program of high intensity increased abstinence from smoking in people with high anxiety sensitivity, but may not have done so by reducing anxiety sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasper A J Smits
- Institute for Mental Health Research and Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, USA
| | | | - David Rosenfield
- Department of Psychology, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Richard A Brown
- School of Nursing, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Michael W Otto
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christina D Dutcher
- Institute for Mental Health Research and Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, USA
| | - Santiago Papini
- Institute for Mental Health Research and Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, USA
| | - Slaton Z Freeman
- Institute for Mental Health Research and Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, USA
| | - Annabelle DiVita
- Institute for Mental Health Research and Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, USA
| | - Alex Perrone
- Institute for Mental Health Research and Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, USA
| | - Lorra Garey
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
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Nitturi V, Chen TA, Zvolensky MJ, McNeill LH, Obasi EM, Reitzel LR. Anxiety Sensitivity and Fast-Food Ordering Habits Among Black Adults. HEALTH BEHAVIOR RESEARCH 2021; 4. [PMID: 34541461 DOI: 10.4148/2572-1836.1086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Black adults experience high rates of overweight/obesity, which is linked to chronic diseases and is exacerbated by fast-food consumption. Anxiety sensitivity, a relative stable fear of anxiety-related sensations, has been linked to high caloric intake. Here, we examine whether anxiety sensitivity is associated with fast-food ordering habits within a convenience sample of Black adults. Methods Of 124 adults (79.4% women; Mage=49.3±11.6; 84.8% overweight/obese), 107 (86.3%) reported eating from a fast-food restaurant in the last month. Participants completed the Anxiety Sensitivity-Index 3, which has a total score and physical, cognitive, and social concerns subscales. Investigator-generated items queried frequency of ordering "supersized" quantities of fast-food (e.g., cheeseburgers, fries), and healthy items (e.g., salads, oatmeal, yogurt), respectively, from "never" to "always." Covariate-adjusted ordinal logistic regression models were used to assess relations between measures of interest. Results Anxiety sensitivity (total and physical concerns) was associated with greater odds of more frequently ordering supersized unhealthy fast-food; and anxiety sensitivity (total and cognitive concerns) was associated with lower odds of more frequently ordering healthy items from fast-food restaurants. Conclusions Results suggest that adults with greater anxiety sensitivity may engage in fast-food ordering habits that can contribute to the overweight/obesity epidemic. Future studies should replicate results and determine the potential for anxiety sensitivity-reduction interventions to affect dietary choices that contribute to overweight/obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Nitturi
- The University of Houston, Department of Psychological, Health, and Learning Sciences, and the University of Houston, HEALTH Research Institute, Houston, Texas
| | - Tzu-An Chen
- The University of Houston, Department of Psychological, Health, and Learning Sciences, and the University of Houston, HEALTH Research Institute, Houston, Texas
| | - Michael J Zvolensky
- The University of Houston, HEALTH Research Institute, The University of Houston, College of Liberal Arts and Social Sciences, Department of Psychology, and The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Behavioral Sciences, Houston, Texas
| | - Lorna H McNeill
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Health Disparities Research, Houston, TX
| | - Ezemenari M Obasi
- The University of Houston, Department of Psychological, Health, and Learning Sciences, and the University of Houston, HEALTH Research Institute, Houston, Texas
| | - Lorraine R Reitzel
- The University of Houston, Department of Psychological, Health, and Learning Sciences, and the University of Houston, HEALTH Research Institute, Houston, Texas
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Pluut H, Wonders J. Not Able to Lead a Healthy Life When You Need It the Most: Dual Role of Lifestyle Behaviors in the Association of Blurred Work-Life Boundaries With Well-Being. Front Psychol 2020; 11:607294. [PMID: 33424717 PMCID: PMC7786197 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.607294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
As there is a growing trend for people to work from home, precipitated by the COVID-19 pandemic, this research examines the impact of blurred work-life boundaries on lifestyle and subjective well-being. Our cross-sectional study in the Netherlands demonstrates that heightened levels of blurred work-life boundaries predict negative changes in happiness through enhanced emotional exhaustion. In addition, the findings point to a dual role of lifestyle in this process. On the one hand, we observed that healthy overall lifestyle patterns buffered employees against the detrimental effects of blurred work-life boundaries and emotional exhaustion on happiness. On the other hand, employees who experienced increases in blurring of work-life boundaries reported a deterioration in healthy lifestyle behaviors, which in turn was related to reduced happiness. Paradoxically, it seems that those who would benefit the most from a healthy lifestyle are less able to sustain health-promoting behaviors. A case for shared responsibility between employers and employees is built as we discuss the practical implications of the current research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Pluut
- Department of Business Studies, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Jaap Wonders
- SMC Rijnland Fysiotherapeuten, Leiden, Netherlands
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11
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Schaumberg K, Zerwas S, Goodman E, Yilmaz Z, Bulik CM, Micali N. Anxiety disorder symptoms at age 10 predict eating disorder symptoms and diagnoses in adolescence. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2019; 60:686-696. [PMID: 30353925 PMCID: PMC6482103 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.12984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cross-sectional associations between anxiety disorders and eating disorders (EDs) have been well documented; however, limited research has examined whether symptoms of anxiety disorders are prospectively associated with EDs. Identifying these longitudinal associations can aid in discerning relationships among eating and anxiety disorders and point toward a mechanistic understanding of developmental psychopathology. This study investigated the prospective associations between parent-reported anxiety in mid-childhood (age 10) and child-reported ED behaviors and disorders in adolescence (at ages 14 and 16 years) in a population-based sample. METHODS Participants were individuals enrolled in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), a population-based, prospective study of women and their children; 7,767 children whose parents provided data at age 10 were included in current analyses. An exploratory factor analysis identified latent anxiety factors at age 10, followed by a path analysis that evaluated associations between these factors and eating disorder symptoms and cognitions at age 14. RESULTS Parent-reported anxiety symptoms at age 10 yielded 5 factors: obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) symptoms related to symmetry and checking (Factor 1); OCD symptoms associated with aversion to dirt and germs (Factor 2); physical anxiety symptoms (Factor 3); worries (Factor 4); and social phobia symptoms (Factor 5). Factors 3 and 4 showed the most consistent, positive associations with a range of ED symptoms at age 14. Factor 3 predicted diagnosis of bulimia nervosa by age 16 (OR = 1.11, p = .007), whereas Factor 4 predicted diagnoses of anorexia nervosa (OR = 1.10, p = .01) and disordered eating by age 16 (OR = 1.08, p = .001). CONCLUSIONS Results indicate that symptoms of generalized anxiety in middle childhood may predict adolescent-onset ED symptoms and ED diagnoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Schaumberg
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, United States
| | - Stephanie Zerwas
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, United States
| | - Erica Goodman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, United States
- Department of Psychology, University of North Dakota, United States
| | - Zeynep Yilmaz
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, United States
| | - Cynthia M. Bulik
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, United States
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, United States
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nadia Micali
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, United States
- Institute of Child Health, University College London, United Kingdom
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12
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Dietary changes and its psychosocial moderators during the university examination period. Eur J Nutr 2019; 59:273-286. [DOI: 10.1007/s00394-019-01906-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Jacquart J, Dutcher CD, Freeman SZ, Stein AT, Dinh M, Carl E, Smits JAJ. The effects of exercise on transdiagnostic treatment targets: A meta-analytic review. Behav Res Ther 2018; 115:19-37. [PMID: 30473437 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2018.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study meta-analytically reviewed the effects of exercise on four transdiagnostic treatment targets: anxiety sensitivity (AS), distress tolerance (DT), stress reactivity (SR), and general self-efficacy (GSE). METHODS We conducted systematic searches of peer-reviewed studies in bibliographical databases (Cochrane Library, psychINFO, PubMed) before April 1, 2018. Only randomized controlled trials (RCT) evaluating the effect of exercise on AS, DT, SR, or GSE using at least one validated outcome instrument in a sample of adolescents (≥13 years old) or adults were selected. We employed a meta-analysis of effects using random-effects pooling modeling for each treatment target. RESULTS The systematic search yielded 28 RCTs meeting eligibility criteria. Exercise interventions had a large effect on reducing AS (six studies, Hedges's g = 0.72, p = .001), a medium effect on increasing GSE (eight studies, Hedges's g = 0.59, p < .001), and a small effect on reducing SR (ten studies, Hedges's g = 0.32, p < .001). Evidence from four studies suggested that exercise interventions had a small but non-significant effect on increasing DT (Hedges's g = 0.21, p = .26). CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis provides preliminary evidence exercise can engage certain transdiagnostic targets. Further research is required to optimize exercise intervention parameters to achieve the strongest effects on these important mechanistic variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolene Jacquart
- Department of Psychology and Institute for Mental Health Research, The University of Texas at Austin, 305 E 23rd Street Stop E9000, Austin, TX, 78712-1043, USA.
| | - Christina D Dutcher
- Department of Psychology and Institute for Mental Health Research, The University of Texas at Austin, 305 E 23rd Street Stop E9000, Austin, TX, 78712-1043, USA
| | - Slaton Z Freeman
- Department of Psychology and Institute for Mental Health Research, The University of Texas at Austin, 305 E 23rd Street Stop E9000, Austin, TX, 78712-1043, USA
| | - Aliza T Stein
- Department of Psychology and Institute for Mental Health Research, The University of Texas at Austin, 305 E 23rd Street Stop E9000, Austin, TX, 78712-1043, USA
| | - Mike Dinh
- Department of Psychology and Institute for Mental Health Research, The University of Texas at Austin, 305 E 23rd Street Stop E9000, Austin, TX, 78712-1043, USA
| | - Emily Carl
- Department of Psychology and Institute for Mental Health Research, The University of Texas at Austin, 305 E 23rd Street Stop E9000, Austin, TX, 78712-1043, USA
| | - Jasper A J Smits
- Department of Psychology and Institute for Mental Health Research, The University of Texas at Austin, 305 E 23rd Street Stop E9000, Austin, TX, 78712-1043, USA
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Blanchet C, Mathieu MÈ, St-Laurent A, Fecteau S, St-Amour N, Drapeau V. A Systematic Review of Physical Activity Interventions in Individuals with Binge Eating Disorders. Curr Obes Rep 2018; 7:76-88. [PMID: 29460067 DOI: 10.1007/s13679-018-0295-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Our systematic review aims to assess the overall evidence available in the literature regarding the role of physical activity (PA) in individuals with binge eating disorder (BED) and better understand the potential underlying mechanisms of action. RECENT FINDINGS Currently, the most effective and well-established psychological treatment for BED is cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) with a remission rate around 80%. CBT is sometimes combined with pharmacotherapy targeting comorbidities associated with BED, such as obesity and depression. Another avenue of treatment that has been less studied is PA. It has been suggested that PA addresses the underlying mechanisms of BED and, thus, increases treatment efficiency. This systematic review provides additional knowledge concerning the benefits of PA in the treatment of individuals with BED including reduction of binge eating (BE) episodes and improvement in other associated comorbidities. Potential mechanisms of action of PA include neurochemical alterations affecting the reward system, reduction of negative affect, and its anorexigenic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudine Blanchet
- Département des Sciences de l'activité physique, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Canada
| | - Marie-Ève Mathieu
- Département de kinésiologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Audrey St-Laurent
- Département des Sciences de l'activité physique, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Canada
| | - Shirley Fecteau
- Centre intégré universitaire en santé et services sociaux de la Capitale-Nationale, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Nathalie St-Amour
- Département des Sciences infirmières, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Lévis, QC, Canada
- Programme de traitement des troubles du comportement alimentaire, Clinique St-Amour, Lévis, QC, Canada
| | - Vicky Drapeau
- Département d'éducation physique, PEPS, Université Laval, 2300, rue de la Terrasse, suite 2214, Québec City, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada.
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Québec City, QC, Canada.
- Institut sur la nutrition et les aliments fonctionnels (INAF), Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada.
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Souza da Silva T, Bisi Molina MDC, Antunes Nunes MA, Perim de Faria C, Valadão Cade N. Binge eating, sociodemographic and lifestyle factors in participants of the ELSA-Brazil. J Eat Disord 2016; 4:25. [PMID: 27795829 PMCID: PMC5081934 DOI: 10.1186/s40337-016-0095-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study investigates the relationship between recurrent binge eating episodes and nutritional and food profiles and lifestyle in the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (Estudo Longitudinal da Saúde do Adulto - ELSA-Brazil) cohort. RESULTS Recurrent binge eating episodes were associated with obesity (OR 5.188; confidence interval [CI] 4.051-6.645), overweight (OR 2.534; CI 1.980-3.243), female sex (OR 1.918; CI 1.573-2.338), age between 34 and 54 years old (OR 1.349; CI 1.115-1.631), alcohol ingestion ≥ 5 in two hours (OR 1.397; CI 1.068-1.827), and insufficient physical activity (OR 1.290; CI 1.078-1.544). CONCLUSION Being overweight has an important association with recurrent binge eating episodes, as does demographic and lifestyle characteristics, including excessive alcohol consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thamyres Souza da Silva
- Federal University of Espírito Santo (Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo), Vitória, Brazil
| | | | | | - Carolina Perim de Faria
- Federal University of Espírito Santo (Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo), Vitória, Brazil
| | - Nagela Valadão Cade
- Federal University of Espírito Santo (Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo), Vitória, Brazil
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Otto MW, Eastman A, Lo S, Hearon BA, Bickel WK, Zvolensky M, Smits JAJ, Doan SN. Anxiety sensitivity and working memory capacity: Risk factors and targets for health behavior promotion. Clin Psychol Rev 2016; 49:67-78. [PMID: 27611632 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2016.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Revised: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the nature and influence of specific risk profiles is increasingly important for health behavior promotion. The purpose of this article is to document the value of two factors-anxiety sensitivity (AS) and working memory capacity (WMC)-for enhancing risk for the initiation and/or maintenance of a range of negative health behaviors. AS is a distress-related risk factor that potentiates avoidance/coping motivations for negative health behaviors. Stress provides the conditions for negative somatic and affective states, and AS amplifies the aversiveness of these experiences and correspondingly hinders adaptive functioning. In contrast, low WMC is hypothesized to exert its effect by decreasing the capacity to filter out current temptations, attenuating a focus on longer-term goals and impairing the application of relevant coping skills at times of stress. In this review, we provide conceptual models for the separate roles of high AS and low WMC in negative health behaviors, review the influence of these factors on specific health behavior exemplars (eating behaviors/obesity, physical activity, smoking, alcohol use, and sleep promotion), provide preliminary evidence for their value as independent treatment targets for health-behavior promotion, and encourage specific research directions in relation to these variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael W Otto
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, USA.
| | - Abraham Eastman
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, USA
| | - Stephen Lo
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, USA
| | | | - Warren K Bickel
- Addiction Recovery Research Center, Virginia Tech Carilion Research Institute, USA
| | - Michael Zvolensky
- University of Houston, USA; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, USA
| | - Jasper A J Smits
- Department of Psychology and Institute for Mental Health Research, The University of Texas at Austin, USA
| | - Stacey N Doan
- Department of Psychology, Claremont McKenna College, USA
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Jarvi SM, Hearon BA, Batejan KL, Gironde S, Björgvinsson T. Relations Between Past-Week Physical Activity and Recent Nonsuicidal Self-Injury in Treatment-Seeking Psychiatric Adults. J Clin Psychol 2016; 73:479-488. [PMID: 27391124 DOI: 10.1002/jclp.22342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This research study examines the relationship between past-week physical activity and recent (i.e., within the past 30 days) nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) in a sample of treatment-seeking adults. METHOD: Participants included 353 (49.29% female; mean age = 35.16 years) adults attending a partial hospitalization program for acute psychiatric issues. Data were extracted from the program's admission battery of computer-based self-report measures completed by each participant on the first treatment day. RESULTS Participants with a recent history of NSSI (i.e., within the past 30 days) engaged in significantly less past-week physical activity than those without a history of NSSI. Group differences remained significant while controlling for anxiety, but not depression. CONCLUSION Results suggest that, on average, individuals who have never engaged in NSSI exercise more in the week prior to entering the partial hospital program than those who have a recent history of NSSI. Regular physical activity may be an interesting area of study to explore as a promising adjunctive intervention for NSSI (e.g., vigorous exercise as a way to tolerate distress and manage urges to self-injure).
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18
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Vancampfort D, Rosenbaum S, Probst M, Connaughton J, Du Plessis C, Yamamoto T, Diedens J, Stubbs B. Top 10 research questions to promote physical activity research in people with binge eating disorder. Eat Disord 2016; 24:326-37. [PMID: 26694684 DOI: 10.1080/10640266.2015.1123988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Despite emerging evidence illustrating the benefits of physical activity for people with binge eating disorder, engaging this population in physical activity is challenging. The International Organization of Physical Therapists in Mental Health (IOPTMH) set out to summarize, appraise, and strengthen the direction of physical activity endeavors. This process led to the identification of 10 important research questions which are discussed. Addressing these 10 research questions is critical for developing evidence-based approaches for promoting and sustaining an active lifestyle in people with binge eating disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davy Vancampfort
- a Department of Neurosciences , KU Leuven - University of Leuven , Kortenberg , Belgium.,b Department of Rehabilitation Sciences , University of Leuven , Leuven , Belgium
| | - Simon Rosenbaum
- c School of Psychiatry , University of New South Wales , Sydney , New South Wales , Australia
| | - Michel Probst
- b Department of Rehabilitation Sciences , University of Leuven , Leuven , Belgium
| | - Joanne Connaughton
- d School of Physiotherapy , University of Notre Dame , Fremantle , Western Australia , Australia
| | - Christy Du Plessis
- e Physiotherapy Department , Free State University , Bloemfontein , South Africa
| | - Taisei Yamamoto
- f Department of Medical Rehabilitation , Kobe Gakuin University , Kobe , Japan
| | - Jolien Diedens
- b Department of Rehabilitation Sciences , University of Leuven , Leuven , Belgium
| | - Brendon Stubbs
- g Physiotherapy Department , South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust , London , UK.,h Health Service and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry , King's College London , London , UK
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Smits JAJ, Zvolensky MJ, Davis ML, Rosenfield D, Marcus BH, Church TS, Powers MB, Frierson GM, Otto MW, Hopkins LB, Brown RA, Baird SO. The Efficacy of Vigorous-Intensity Exercise as an Aid to Smoking Cessation in Adults With High Anxiety Sensitivity: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Psychosom Med 2016; 78:354-64. [PMID: 26513517 PMCID: PMC4844851 DOI: 10.1097/psy.0000000000000264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES High anxiety sensitivity predicts poor smoking cessation outcomes. Aerobic exercise reduces anxiety sensitivity and aspects of the risk conferred by anxiety sensitivity. In the current study, we examined whether exercise can aid smoking cessation in adults with high anxiety sensitivity. METHODS Participants were sedentary and low-activity adult daily smokers (n = 136) with elevated prescreen anxiety sensitivity. Participants received 15 weeks of standard smoking cessation treatment (ST; cognitive behavioral therapy plus nicotine replacement therapy). In addition, participants were simultaneously randomized to 15 weeks of either an exercise intervention (ST + EX; n = 72) or a wellness education control condition (ST + CTRL; n = 64). Self-reported smoking abstinence was assessed weekly during the intervention, at the end of treatment (10 weeks after the target quit date), and at 4 and 6 months after the target quit date. Abstinence was verified by expired carbon monoxide readings and saliva cotinine. RESULTS Results indicated that point prevalence abstinence (PPA) and prolonged abstinence (PA) rates were significantly higher for ST + EX than for ST + CTRL at each of the major end points among persons with high anxiety sensitivity (PPA: b = -0.91, standard error [SE] = 0.393, t(1171) = -2.33, p = .020; PA: b = -0.98, SE = 0.346, t(132) = -2.84, p = .005), but not among those with low anxiety sensitivity (PPA: b = -0.23, SE = 0.218, t(1171) = -1.06, p = .29; PA: b = -0.31, SE = 0.306, t(132) = -1.01, p = .32). CONCLUSIONS The present results suggest that exercise facilitates the odds of quit success for smokers with high levels of anxiety sensitivity and therefore may be a useful therapeutic tactic for this high-risk segment of the smoking population. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01065506.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasper A. J. Smits
- Department of Psychology and Institute for Mental Health Research, The University of Texas at Austin
| | - Michael J. Zvolensky
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston,Department of Behavioral Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center
| | - Michelle L. Davis
- Department of Psychology and Institute for Mental Health Research, The University of Texas at Austin
| | | | - Bess H. Marcus
- Department of Family & Preventive Medicine, University of California at San Diego
| | | | - Mark B. Powers
- Department of Psychology and Institute for Mental Health Research, The University of Texas at Austin
| | | | - Michael W. Otto
- Department of Psychology, Boston University; Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University
| | | | | | - Scarlett O. Baird
- Department of Psychology and Institute for Mental Health Research, The University of Texas at Austin
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Medina J, Hopkins L, Powers M, Baird SO, Smits J. The Effects of a Hatha Yoga Intervention on Facets of Distress Tolerance. Cogn Behav Ther 2015; 44:288-300. [PMID: 25952547 PMCID: PMC4681579 DOI: 10.1080/16506073.2015.1028433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Individuals with low distress tolerance (DT) experience negative emotion as particularly threatening and are highly motivated to reduce or avoid such affective experiences. Consequently, these individuals have difficulty regulating emotions and tend to engage in maladaptive strategies, such as overeating, as a means to reduce or avoid distress. Hatha yoga encourages one to implement present-centered awareness and non-reaction in the face of physical and psychological discomfort and, thus, emerges as a potential strategy for increasing DT. To test whether a hatha yoga intervention can enhance DT, a transdiagnostic risk and maintenance factor, this study randomly assigned females high in emotional eating in response to stress (N = 52) either to an 8-week, twice-weekly hatha (Bikram) yoga intervention or to a waitlist control condition. Self-reported DT and emotional eating were measured at baseline, weekly during treatment, and 1-week post-treatment. Consistent with prediction, participants in the yoga condition reported greater increases in DT over the course of the intervention relative to waitlist participants (Cohen's d = .82). Also consistent with prediction, the reduction in emotional eating was greater for the yoga condition than the waitlist condition (Cohen's d = .92). Importantly, reductions distress absorption, a specific sub-facet of DT, accounted for 15% of the variance in emotional eating, a hallmark behavior of eating pathology and risk factor for obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johnna Medina
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | | | - Mark Powers
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Scarlett O. Baird
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Jasper Smits
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
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Silverman MN, Deuster PA. Biological mechanisms underlying the role of physical fitness in health and resilience. Interface Focus 2014; 4:20140040. [PMID: 25285199 PMCID: PMC4142018 DOI: 10.1098/rsfs.2014.0040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical fitness, achieved through regular exercise and/or spontaneous physical activity, confers resilience by inducing positive psychological and physiological benefits, blunting stress reactivity, protecting against potentially adverse behavioural and metabolic consequences of stressful events and preventing many chronic diseases. In this review, we discuss the biological mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of physical fitness on mental and physical health. Physical fitness appears to buffer against stress-related disease owing to its blunting/optimizing effects on hormonal stress responsive systems, such as the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and the sympathetic nervous system. This blunting appears to contribute to reduced emotional, physiological and metabolic reactivity as well as increased positive mood and well-being. Another mechanism whereby regular exercise and/or physical fitness may confer resilience is through minimizing excessive inflammation. Chronic psychological stress, physical inactivity and abdominal adiposity have been associated with persistent, systemic, low-grade inflammation and exert adverse effects on mental and physical health. The anti-inflammatory effects of regular exercise/activity can promote behavioural and metabolic resilience, and protect against various chronic diseases associated with systemic inflammation. Moreover, exercise may benefit the brain by enhancing growth factor expression and neural plasticity, thereby contributing to improved mood and cognition. In summary, the mechanisms whereby physical fitness promotes increased resilience and well-being and positive psychological and physical health are diverse and complex.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Patricia A. Deuster
- Consortium for Health and Military Performance, Department of Military and Emergency Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
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Park CL, Iacocca MO. A stress and coping perspective on health behaviors: theoretical and methodological considerations. ANXIETY STRESS AND COPING 2013; 27:123-37. [DOI: 10.1080/10615806.2013.860969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Harte CB, Vujanovic AA, Potter CM. Association between exercise and posttraumatic stress symptoms among trauma-exposed adults. Eval Health Prof 2013; 38:42-52. [PMID: 23864542 DOI: 10.1177/0163278713494774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The present investigation examined associations between intensities of exercise involvement and posttraumatic stress (PTS) symptom cluster severity (reexperiencing, avoidance/numbing, and hyperarousal). The sample was comprised of 108 adults (54.6% women; M age = 23.9, SD = 10.22, range = 18-62), who endorsed exposure to a Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fourth edition, Text Revision) posttraumatic stress disorder Criterion A traumatic life event but did not meet criteria for any current Axis I psychopathology. After controlling for gender and lifetime number of trauma exposure types experienced, results indicated that vigorous-intensity exercise, but not light- or moderate-intensity exercise, was significantly inversely associated with hyperarousal symptom cluster severity. This study adds to the scarce, yet growing, body of exercise-PTS literature-by illuminating the inverse associations of vigorous-intensity exercise, specifically, and PTS hyperarousal symptom severity among trauma-exposed individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher B Harte
- Research Service, Department of Psychiatry, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Carrie M Potter
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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25
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Rosenbaum DL, White KS. The Role of Anxiety in Binge Eating Behavior: A Critical Examination of Theory and Empirical Literature. Health Psychol Res 2013; 1:e19. [PMID: 26973904 PMCID: PMC4768578 DOI: 10.4081/hpr.2013.e19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2012] [Revised: 01/03/2013] [Accepted: 01/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this manuscript is to expand the understanding of binge eating by reviewing the role of aspects of negative affect. Specifically, this paper will present evidence for further investigation of the bearing that anxiety may have in binge eating development and maintenance. A comprehensive review of the literature regarding the relation of binge eating and anxiety was performed. Valuable contributions have been made to the binge eating literature regarding some aspects of negative affect (i.e., depression); however, outside of bulimia nervosa studies, much of the theoretical and empirical binge eating research to date has not directly addressed the role of anxiety. Research supports expansion of investigations of negative emotionality and binge eating to include specific study of anxiety. Greater inclusivity and specificity in the unique contributions of various negative emotions may further the development of temporal models and intervention efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane L Rosenbaum
- Department of Psychology, University of Missouri - Saint Louis , St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Kamila S White
- Department of Psychology, University of Missouri - Saint Louis , St. Louis, MO, USA
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Vancampfort D, Vanderlinden J, De Hert M, Adámkova M, Skjaerven LH, Catalán-Matamoros D, Lundvik-Gyllensten A, Gómez-Conesa A, Ijntema R, Probst M. A systematic review on physical therapy interventions for patients with binge eating disorder. Disabil Rehabil 2013; 35:2191-6. [DOI: 10.3109/09638288.2013.771707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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