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Shen G, Chen YH, Wu Y, Jiahui H, Fang J, Jiayi T, Yimin K, Wang W, Liu Y, Wang F, Chen L. Exploring core symptoms of alcohol withdrawal syndrome in alcohol use disorder patients: a network analysis approach. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1320248. [PMID: 39267702 PMCID: PMC11390437 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1320248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Understanding the interplay between psychopathology of alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS) in alcohol use disorder (AUD) patients may improve the effectiveness of relapse interventions for AUD. Network theory of mental disorders assumes that mental disorders persist not of a common functional disorder, but from a sustained feedback loop between symptoms, thereby explaining the persistence of AWS and the high relapse rate of AUD. The current study aims to establish a network of AWS, identify its core symptoms and find the bridges between the symptoms which are intervention target to relieve the AWS and break the self-maintaining cycle of AUD. Methods Graphical lasso network were constructed using psychological symptoms of 553 AUD patients. Global network structure, centrality indices, cluster coefficient, and bridge symptom were used to identify the core symptoms of the AWS network and the transmission pathways between different symptom clusters. Results The results revealed that: (1) AWS constitutes a stable symptom network with a stability coefficient (CS) of 0.21-0.75. (2) Anger (Strength = 1.52) and hostility (Strength = 0.84) emerged as the core symptom in the AWS network with the highest centrality and low clustering coefficient. (3) Hostility mediates aggression and anxiety; anger mediates aggression and impulsivity in AWS network respectively. Conclusions Anger and hostility may be considered the best intervention targets for researching and treating AWS. Hostility and anxiety, anger and impulsiveness are independent but related dimensions, suggesting that different neurobiological bases may be involved in withdrawal symptoms, which play a similar role in withdrawal syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanghui Shen
- Department of Behavioral Medicine, Wenzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Wenzhou, China
- School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yu-Hsin Chen
- The Affiliated Wenzhou Kangning Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yuyu Wu
- School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Huang Jiahui
- School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Juan Fang
- School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Tang Jiayi
- School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Kang Yimin
- Medical Neurobiology Lab, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Huhhot, China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yanlong Liu
- School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Fan Wang
- Beijing Hui-Long-Guan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Li Chen
- The Affiliated Wenzhou Kangning Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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Pimpini L, Franssen S, Reber P, Jansen A, Roefs A. Effects of a health versus hedonic mindset on daily-life snacking behaviour. J Hum Nutr Diet 2023; 36:2085-2098. [PMID: 37545043 DOI: 10.1111/jhn.13221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In today's obesogenic environment high-caloric palatable foods are omnipresent, making it hard for many to reach and maintain a healthy body weight. This study investigates the effects of a health versus hedonic mindset on daily-life snacking behaviour. The hypothesis is that a health mindset leads to reduced snacking behaviour compared to a hedonic mindset. This effect is expected to be most pronounced with high dietary restraint and least pronounced with high trait self-control. METHODS For 3 weeks, degree of craving and amount of snacks that were craved and consumed were assessed four times a day, using smartphone Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA). A total of 111 female participants (body mass index range: 20-23.5) were randomly assigned to a 1-week health (n = 53) or hedonic (n = 58) mindset, occurring in week 2 of the EMA protocol. The mindset manipulations consisted of text messages, focusing either on the enjoyment of tasty food (hedonic) or on healthy living and eating (health). RESULTS contrary to our hypotheses, mindset did not affect snacking behaviour. Instead, degree of craving and intake of snacks reduced significantly over time, not moderated by mindset, dietary restraint (Restraint Scale) or trait self-control (Brief Self-Control Scale). Importantly, this was not due to reduced compliance. Possibly, the reduced craving and snacking behaviour were due to monitoring and/or socially desirable answering tendencies. Additional time point analyses showed that craving was strongest in the late afternoon (3:30-5:00 PM), and-across mindset conditions-degree of craving correlated negatively with trait self-control. CONCLUSIONS future studies could manipulate degree of monitoring and design individually tailored manipulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Pimpini
- Department of Clinical Psychological Science, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Sieske Franssen
- Department of Clinical Psychological Science, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Philipp Reber
- Department of Clinical Psychological Science, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Clinical Neurotechnology Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anita Jansen
- Department of Clinical Psychological Science, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Anne Roefs
- Department of Clinical Psychological Science, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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3
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Examining the relationship between obstructive sleep apnoea and eating behaviours and attitudes: A systematic review. Appetite 2023; 181:106390. [PMID: 36423746 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2022.106390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Between 60 and 90% of adults with OSA are reported as overweight. The co-existence of obesity and OSA can greatly increase an individual's risk of type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease. To better understand this relationship between OSA and weight, this review aimed to investigate if there is evidence of certain eating behaviours or eating attitudes that might be found in adults living with OSA. METHODS We searched four databases (MEDLINE, Embase, PsycInfo and Web of Science) on January 17th, 2022, to identify studies assessing the association between eating patterns and OSA in adults. Twenty-one studies met the inclusion criteria. A narrative synthesis was conducted on the included studies, following the vote-counting method. RESULTS There is preliminary evidence that the time of day when calories are consumed is associated with lower OSA severity. No other clear patterns of eating behaviours or attitudes were identified however this may be due to disparity within research studies and their reported results. CONCLUSION Further research is needed to examine the relationship between eating times and OSA severity. We recommend standardising the approach to examining the eating patterns of those living with OSA and the relationship that this might have on OSA symptoms as well as looking at attitudes towards food in this population. This may prove helpful in providing a better understanding of the relationship between OSA and persons with overweight and help in future intervention development.
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Conner M, Wilding S, Wright CE, Sheeran P. How Does Self-Control Promote Health Behaviors? A Multi-Behavior Test of Five Potential Pathways. Ann Behav Med 2022; 57:313-322. [PMID: 36206193 PMCID: PMC10094954 DOI: 10.1093/abm/kaac053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Self-control is generally defined as the capacity to override impulses and is a robust predictor of health behaviors. This paper integrates trait, reasoned action, and habit approaches to develop and test a mechanistic account of how self-control influences health actions. PURPOSE We tested five potential pathways from self-control to behavior, termed the valuation, prioritization, habituation, translation, and inhibition routes. METHODS At baseline, participants (N = 663 adults) completed survey measures of reasoned action approach variables and habits in relation to eight health behaviors and the Brief Self-Control Scale. Three months later, participants reported their behavior. Multi-level modeling was used to test pathways across behaviors. RESULTS Supporting the valuation route, affective attitude, cognitive attitude, descriptive norms, and perceived behavioral control mediated the self-control-intention relation, and intentions and perceived behavioral control mediated the relationship between self-control and health behaviors. Self-control also predicted the priority accorded to different considerations during intention formation. Higher self-control was associated with stronger prediction by cognitive attitudes and perceived behavioral control and weaker prediction by habits and injunctive norms. Self-control predicted habit formation, and habits mediated the self-control-behavior relation. Finally, self-control was associated with the improved translation of intentions into health behaviors and with greater inhibition of affective and habitual influences. Findings for the different pathways were not moderated by whether approach (health-protective behaviors) or avoidance responses (health-risk behaviors) were at issue. CONCLUSIONS The present research offers new insights into why self-control promotes health behavior performance, and how deficits in self-control might be offset in future behavior-change interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Conner
- School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Sarah Wilding
- School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Charles E Wright
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Paschal Sheeran
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA
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5
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Mediating effect of self-control in the relationship between psychological distress and food addiction among college students. Appetite 2022; 179:106278. [PMID: 35988799 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2022.106278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Psychological distress is a possible trigger contributing to food addiction, which is characterized by a loss of behavioral control and compulsive food intake. However, little is known about its underlying mechanisms. Self-control, an important self-regulation skill, may mediate the effect of psychological distress on food addiction. A cross-sectional survey was used to explore the direct relationship between psychological distress and food addiction, and the mediating role of self-control in this relationship. Food addiction, psychological distress, and self-control were evaluated using the Chinese versions of the Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0, Depression-Anxiety-Stress Scale, and Self-control Scale, respectively. Correlation analyses showed that food addiction was positively correlated with psychological distress, but negatively related to self-control. Structural equation modeling revealed the mediating role of self-control in the relationship between food addiction and psychological distress. As a significant predictor of food addiction, psychological distress may induce food addiction directly or indirectly through the effect of self-control. These findings provide a deeper understanding of the relationship between psychological distress and food addiction, and the underlying mechanism. As such, psychological distress and self-control should be included in prevention and intervention strategies to address food addiction among college students.
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Asbridge SCM, Pechey E, Marteau TM, Hollands GJ. Effects of pairing health warning labels with energy-dense snack foods on food choice and attitudes: Online experimental study. Appetite 2021; 160:105090. [PMID: 33373631 PMCID: PMC7895764 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2020.105090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is limited evidence concerning the potential effectiveness of health warning labels (HWLs) using images and text to depict possible negative health consequences of consumption, for reducing selection of energy-dense snack foods. Furthermore, the underlying mechanisms have received little attention; particularly effects on implicit attitudes, which previous work has shown may mediate the effect of aversive images on food choice. AIM To assess the impact of pairing image- and text-based HWLs with energy-dense snack foods on a) the selection of, and b) implicit and explicit attitudes towards, those foods. METHODS Online experimental study with a representative UK sample (n = 1185), using a 2(Image/No Image) x 2(Text/No Text) factorial between-subjects design. Participants were randomised to one of four study arms, viewing snack food images paired with either: image-only HWLs, text-only HWLs, image-and-text HWLs, or no HWLs (control). HWLs concerned various negative health consequences of excess energy intake, such as heart disease and type 2 diabetes. The primary outcome was hypothetical food choice (energy-dense snack foods versus fruit), assessed post-intervention. Secondary outcomes were implicit and explicit attitudes. RESULTS Neither food choice nor explicit attitudes were changed significantly by any type of HWL. Implicit attitudes towards energy-dense snack foods were more negative after exposure to text-only or image-and-text HWLs. Both implicit and explicit attitudes predicted unique variance in food choice. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that short-term repeated exposure to HWLs paired with energy-dense snack foods may not consistently alter food choices, but can change implicit attitudes associated with food choices. Further laboratory and field studies are needed to more definitively assess the impact of HWLs on food selection and consumption in applied contexts and over time, as well as delineate underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie C M Asbridge
- Behaviour and Health Research Unit, University of Cambridge, Forvie Site, Cambridge, CB2 0SR, UK
| | - Emily Pechey
- Behaviour and Health Research Unit, University of Cambridge, Forvie Site, Cambridge, CB2 0SR, UK
| | - Theresa M Marteau
- Behaviour and Health Research Unit, University of Cambridge, Forvie Site, Cambridge, CB2 0SR, UK
| | - Gareth J Hollands
- Behaviour and Health Research Unit, University of Cambridge, Forvie Site, Cambridge, CB2 0SR, UK.
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Dang J, Barker P, Baumert A, Bentvelzen M, Berkman E, Buchholz N, Buczny J, Chen Z, De Cristofaro V, de Vries L, Dewitte S, Giacomantonio M, Gong R, Homan M, Imhoff R, Ismail I, Jia L, Kubiak T, Lange F, Li DY, Livingston J, Ludwig R, Panno A, Pearman J, Rassi N, Schiöth HB, Schmitt M, Sevincer AT, Shi J, Stamos A, Tan YC, Wenzel M, Zerhouni O, Zhang LW, Zhang YJ, Zinkernagel A. A Multilab Replication of the Ego Depletion Effect. SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PERSONALITY SCIENCE 2021; 12:14-24. [PMID: 34113424 DOI: 10.1177/1948550619887702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
There is an active debate regarding whether the ego depletion effect is real. A recent preregistered experiment with the Stroop task as the depleting task and the antisaccade task as the outcome task found a medium-level effect size. In the current research, we conducted a preregistered multilab replication of that experiment. Data from 12 labs across the globe (N = 1,775) revealed a small and significant ego depletion effect, d = 0.10. After excluding participants who might have responded randomly during the outcome task, the effect size increased to d = 0.16. By adding an informative, unbiased data point to the literature, our findings contribute to clarifying the existence, size, and generality of ego depletion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhua Dang
- Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Paul Barker
- Social Cognition Center Cologne, University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Anna Baumert
- Max Planck Institute for Research on Collective Goods, Bonn, Germany.,TUM School of Education, München, Germany
| | | | - Elliot Berkman
- Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
| | - Nita Buchholz
- Department of Psychology, University of Koblenz-Landau, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jacek Buczny
- Department of Experimental and Applied Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Zhansheng Chen
- Department of Psychology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Valeria De Cristofaro
- Department of Social and Developmental Psychology, University of Rome "Sapienza," Italy
| | - Lianne de Vries
- Department of Experimental and Applied Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Mauro Giacomantonio
- Department of Social and Developmental Psychology, University of Rome "Sapienza," Italy
| | - Ran Gong
- Department of Psychology, Beijing Sport University, China
| | - Maaike Homan
- Amsterdam Institute for Social Science Research, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Roland Imhoff
- Social and Legal Psychology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany
| | - Ismaharif Ismail
- Department of Psychology, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lile Jia
- Department of Psychology, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Thomas Kubiak
- Heath Psychology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Dan-Yang Li
- Department of Psychology, Beijing Sport University, China
| | | | - Rita Ludwig
- Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
| | - Angelo Panno
- Department of Social and Developmental Psychology, University of Rome "Sapienza," Italy
| | - Joshua Pearman
- Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
| | - Niklas Rassi
- Institute of Psychology, University of Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Manfred Schmitt
- Department of Psychology, University of Koblenz-Landau, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Jiaxin Shi
- Department of Psychology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | | | - Yia-Chin Tan
- Department of Psychology, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mario Wenzel
- Heath Psychology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany
| | - Oulmann Zerhouni
- Laboratoire Parisien de Psychologie Sociale, University Paris Nanterre, France
| | - Li-Wei Zhang
- Department of Psychology, Beijing Sport University, China
| | - Yi-Jia Zhang
- Department of Psychology, Beijing Sport University, China
| | - Axel Zinkernagel
- Department of Psychology, University of Koblenz-Landau, Mainz, Germany
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Gao Y, Shan Y, Jiang T, Cai L, Zhang F, Jiang X, Li X, Wang H. Dietary Adherence, Self-Regulatory Fatigue and Trait Self-Control Among Chinese Patients with Peritoneal Dialysis: A Cross-Sectional Study. Patient Prefer Adherence 2021; 15:443-451. [PMID: 33658768 PMCID: PMC7920602 DOI: 10.2147/ppa.s298231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Little is known about factors that predict dietary adherence among Chinese patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis. We investigated whether self-regulatory fatigue and trait self-control influence dietary adherence among Chinese patients with peritoneal dialysis. METHODS A total of 192 Chinese patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis were recruited at two peritoneal dialysis centers. The dietary adherence, trait self-control and self-regulatory fatigue of these patients were assessed using self-administered questionnaires. Clinical data were extracted from the hospital medical records. The significance of several social demographic factors on dietary adherence was analyzed using One-way ANOVA was used to analyze, whereas the association between dietary adherence and self-regulatory fatigue as well as trait self-control were analyzed using Pearson correlation. The independence association between dietary adherence and other influencing factors was assessed using Multivariable linear regression analyses. RESULTS We found that peritoneal dialysis patients only moderately adhere to dietary prescriptions. The top three least adherences were observed for salt intake (1.89±0.36), face of difficulty (2.86±0.26) and fluid restriction adherence intake (2.97±0.30). Multivariable linear regression analysis revealed that education level (β=0.339, P<0.001), residence (β=-0.151, P=0.015), self-regulatory fatigue (β= -0.648, P<0.001), and trait self-control (β=0.118, P=0.022) were independent predictors of dietary adherence. CONCLUSION Education level and residence strongly influence dietary adherence among Chinese peritoneal dialysis patients. On the other hand, Self-regulatory fatigue and trait self-control are independent predictors of dietary adherence among peritoneal dialysis patients. These findings can guide the enhancement of dietary adherence of peritoneal dialysis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajing Gao
- Nursing and Health School of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Shan
- Medical School of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Yan Shan Email
| | - Tingting Jiang
- Zhengzhou University First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Cai
- Renji Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shangai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fanliang Zhang
- Zhengzhou University First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinxin Jiang
- Nursing and Health School of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xue Li
- Nursing and Health School of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hong Wang
- Nursing and Health School of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People’s Republic of China
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9
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Alblas EE, Folkvord F, Anschütz DJ, Van 't Riet J, Ketelaar P, Buijzen M. A Health Game Targeting Children's Implicit Attitudes and Snack Choices. Games Health J 2020; 9:425-435. [PMID: 32735454 DOI: 10.1089/g4h.2019.0103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The present study investigated whether a health game can be used to affect children's implicit attitudes toward food (IAsTF) and subsequent snack choices. Materials and Methods: The health game used was based on an evaluative conditioning paradigm. The experiment followed a between-subjects design with two conditions (health game vs. control), N = 79 (12.42 years ±1.64, body mass index: 25.06 ± 7.40). IAsTF were assessed at baseline and postintervention using an implicit association test (IAT). Baseline IAT scores were used to categorize IAsTF as healthy (favoring fruits) versus unhealthy IAsTF (favoring chocolates). In addition, three digital snack choices were recorded. Results: No main effect of condition on posttest IAsTF was found. However, baseline IAsTF moderated the effect of condition on posttest IAsTF; participants with less healthy baseline IAsTF playing the health game had healthier posttest IAsTF compared to those playing the control game. Regarding the snack choices, participants playing the health game favored fruit over chocolate in one of the snack choices. Baseline IAsTF did not moderate the effect of condition on snack choices. Conclusion: Tentative support was found that health games can be used to improve IAsTF, in particular among participants with less healthy ones at baseline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva E Alblas
- Department of Communication Science, Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Frans Folkvord
- Applied Social Science and Behavioral Economics Research Group, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain.,Tilburg School of Humanities and Digital Sciences, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - Doeschka J Anschütz
- Department of Communication Science, Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jonathan Van 't Riet
- Department of Communication Science, Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Paul Ketelaar
- Department of Communication Science, Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Moniek Buijzen
- Department of Communication Science, Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Li Z, Liu N, Li S. Environmental Orderliness Affects Self-Control and Creative Thinking: The Moderating Effects of Trait Self-Control. Front Psychol 2020; 11:1515. [PMID: 32848980 PMCID: PMC7411219 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental orderliness can affect both self-control behaviors and creative thinking; however, little research has focused on the moderators of this effect. In this study, we investigated the moderating effect of trait self-control on environmental orderliness, which influences both state self-control behaviors and creative thinking. In Experiment 1, we explored whether trait self-control could moderate the effect of environmental orderliness on state behavioral self-control. The participants have been exposed to an orderly or a disorderly room and asked to complete a breath-holding task to measure self-control. The results showed that low trait self-control participants were more self-controlled in the orderly environment, whereas the self-control of those with high trait self-control was not affected by environmental orderliness. In Experiment 2, the moderating effect of trait self-control on environmental orderliness affecting creative thinking was investigated with a picture priming orderliness and the Alternative Uses Test. As expected, the participants with high trait self-control in the disorderly environment had better creative thinking performance, although there was no difference in the performance of those with low trait self-control between the two environmental orderliness conditions. The results demonstrated that trait self-control could moderate the dual effect of environmental orderliness. The present study sheds light on the effect of environmental orderliness and contributes to the understanding of the common mechanism of the dual effect; also, it has practical implications for the shaping and cultivation of individuals' self-control behaviors and creative thinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyan Li
- School of Psychology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Ning Liu
- School of Psychology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Shouxin Li
- School of Psychology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
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11
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West JS, Guelfi KJ, Dimmock JA, Jackson B. Preliminary Validation of the Exercise-Snacking Licensing Scale: Rewarding Exercise with Unhealthy Snack Foods and Drinks. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10121866. [PMID: 30513806 PMCID: PMC6316787 DOI: 10.3390/nu10121866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
There is evidence that individuals’ compensatory health beliefs may be an important psychological driver of health behavior. Only recently, however, have researchers begun to develop and seek to validate instruments that are suited to measuring specific pairings of the diverse compensatory health beliefs that exist. The aim of this study was to provide support for key aspects of validity associated with the Exercise-Snacking Licensing Scale (ESLS), an instrument that was designed to assess individuals’ endorsement (or licensing) of unhealthy snacking behaviors around exercise. Participants (N = 1095) responded to a version of the ESLS that was designed to assess their licensing responses following either “light” or “tiring” physical activity, and completed additional instruments assessing dispositional, exercise-related, and diet-related constructs. Analyses indicated that scores derived from both versions of the ESLS (“light” and “tiring” physical activity) displayed a relatively consistent factor structure, favorable alpha coefficients, and meaningful correlations with variables that are theoretically aligned with licensing. Factor analytic procedures did, however, indicate that researchers may wish, in future, to consider the use (or not) of reverse-scored items within the ESLS. Together, these findings provide important insight into the structural, external, and generalizability aspects of validity for scores derived from the ESLS, and indicate that the ESLS may be a valuable instrument for the brief assessment of unhealthy licensing beliefs around exercise. Further use of the ESLS is encouraged to determine if and how these licensing beliefs actually influence subsequent snacking behaviors, and the potential downstream effects these beliefs may have in shaping health outcomes associated with exercise participation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica S West
- School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Perth, WA 6009, Australia.
| | - Kym J Guelfi
- School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Perth, WA 6009, Australia.
| | - James A Dimmock
- School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Perth, WA 6009, Australia.
| | - Ben Jackson
- School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Perth, WA 6009, Australia.
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Myers L, Downie S, Taylor G, Marrington J, Tehan G, Ireland MJ. Understanding Performance Decrements in a Letter-Canceling Task: Overcoming Habits or Inhibition of Reading. Front Psychol 2018; 9:711. [PMID: 29867676 PMCID: PMC5962787 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of self-regulation in human behavior is readily apparent and diverse theoretical accounts for explaining self-regulation failures have been proposed. Typically, these accounts are based on a sequential task methodology where an initial task is presented to deplete self-regulatory resources, and carryover effects are then examined on a second outcome task. In the aftermath of high profile replication failures using a popular letter-crossing task as a means of depleting self-regulatory resources and subsequent criticisms of that task, current research into self-control is currently at an impasse. This is largely due to the lack of empirical research that tests explicit assumptions regarding the initial task. One such untested assumption is that for resource depletion to occur, the initial task must first establish an habitual response and then this habitual response must be inhibited, with behavioral inhibition being the causal factor in inducing depletion. This study reports on four experiments exploring performance on a letter-canceling task, where the rules for target identification remained constant but the method of responding differed (Experiment 1) and the coherence of the text was manipulated (Experiments 1–4). Experiment 1 established that habit forming and behavioral inhibition did not produce any performance decrement when the targets were embedded in random letter strings. Experiments 2–4 established that target detection was sensitive to language characteristics and the coherence of the background text, suggesting that participants’ automatic reading processes is a key driver of performance in the letter-e task.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larry Myers
- School of Psychology and Counselling, Institute for Resilient Regions, University of Southern Queensland, Ipswich, QLD, Australia
| | - Steven Downie
- School of Psychology and Counselling, Institute for Resilient Regions, University of Southern Queensland, Ipswich, QLD, Australia
| | - Grant Taylor
- School of Psychology and Counselling, Institute for Resilient Regions, University of Southern Queensland, Ipswich, QLD, Australia
| | - Jessica Marrington
- School of Psychology and Counselling, Institute for Resilient Regions, University of Southern Queensland, Ipswich, QLD, Australia
| | - Gerald Tehan
- School of Psychology and Counselling, Institute for Resilient Regions, University of Southern Queensland, Ipswich, QLD, Australia
| | - Michael J Ireland
- School of Psychology and Counselling, Institute for Resilient Regions, University of Southern Queensland, Ipswich, QLD, Australia
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Alblas EE, Folkvord F, Anschütz DJ, van 't Riet J, Granic I, Ketelaar P, Buijzen M. Investigating the impact of a health game on implicit attitudes towards food and food choice behaviour of young adults. Appetite 2018; 128:294-302. [PMID: 29807125 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2018.05.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Improving diets by stimulating fruit and vegetable consumption might be beneficial, in particular when they substitute energy-dense products. The aim of present study was to investigate whether a health game can be used to positively affect healthy implicit attitudes (IAs) towards food and subsequent food choice behaviour of young adults. A 2 (Time: baseline vs. post-test) x 2 (Condition: health game vs. control game) x 2 (Baseline IAs: healthy IAs vs. less healthy IAs) mixed-subjects design was used with 125 participants (age: M = 20.17, SD = 1.88). IAs towards food were assessed at baseline and post-test using an Implicit Association Test (IAT). Additionally, food choice behaviour was assessed after game play. At baseline, the majority of participants had healthy IAs (i.e., favouring fruit over chocolate snacks). At post-test, significantly less healthy IAs were observed in the control condition, while this reduction was not significant in the health game condition. Regarding food choice behaviour, participants with healthy baseline IAs were more likely to select fruit in the health game condition than participants with healthy baseline IAs in the control game condition. However, participants with less healthy baseline IAs were less likely to select fruit in the health game condition than in the control condition. We found tentative support that health games can be used to influence IAs towards food and positively affect food choice behaviour. However, this influence was only observed for those with healthy baseline IAs. The current version of the health game would primarily benefit those already healthy and could negatively affect those that need the intervention most, so modifications are recommendable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva E Alblas
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Frans Folkvord
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Applied Social Science and Behavioural Economics Research Group, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain; Faculty of Social Sciences, Communication Science, VU University Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Doeschka J Anschütz
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Isabela Granic
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Paul Ketelaar
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Moniek Buijzen
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Zhang X, Chen S, Chen H, Gu Y, Xu W. General and Food-Specific Inhibitory Control As Moderators of the Effects of the Impulsive Systems on Food Choices. Front Psychol 2017; 8:802. [PMID: 28596743 PMCID: PMC5443155 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to extend the application of the reflective-impulsive model to restrained eating and explore the effect of automatic attention (impulsive system) on food choices. Furthermore, we examined the moderating effects of general inhibitory control (G-IC) and food-specific inhibitory control (F-IC) on successful and unsuccessful restrained eaters (US-REs). Automatic attention was measured using “the EyeLink 1000,” which tracked eye movements during the process of making food choices, and G-IC and F-IC were measured using the Stop-Signal Task. The results showed that food choices were related to automatic attention and that G-IC and F-IC moderated the predictive relationship between automatic attention and food choices. Furthermore, among successful restrained eaters (S-REs), automatic attention to high caloric foods did not predict food choices, regardless of whether G-IC or F-IC was high or low. Whereas food choice was positively correlated with automatic attention among US-REs with poor F-IC, this pattern was not observed in those with poor G-IC. In conclusion, the S-REs had more effective self-management skills and their food choices were affected less by automatic attention and inhibitory control. Unsuccessful restrained eating was associated with poor F-IC (not G-IC) and greater automatic attention to high caloric foods. Thus, clinical interventions should focus on enhancing F-IC, not G-IC, and on reducing automatic attention to high caloric foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (Ministry of Education), Southwest UniversityChongqing, China.,School of Psychology, Southwest UniversityChongqing, China
| | - Shuaiyu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (Ministry of Education), Southwest UniversityChongqing, China.,School of Psychology, Southwest UniversityChongqing, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (Ministry of Education), Southwest UniversityChongqing, China.,School of Psychology, Southwest UniversityChongqing, China
| | - Yan Gu
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (Ministry of Education), Southwest UniversityChongqing, China
| | - Wenjian Xu
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (Ministry of Education), Southwest UniversityChongqing, China
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Andrade L, Zazpe I, Santiago S, Carlos S, Bes-Rastrollo M, Martínez-González MA. Ten-Year Changes in Healthy Eating Attitudes in the SUN Cohort. J Am Coll Nutr 2017; 36:319-329. [DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2016.1278566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Andrade
- University of Navarra, Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences and Physiology, Pamplona, Spain
- Centro Nutribalance, Guatemala, Guatemala
| | - Itziar Zazpe
- University of Navarra, Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences and Physiology, Pamplona, Spain
- University of Navarra, Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Pamplona
- IdiSNA, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Centre Network on Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn) Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Susana Santiago
- University of Navarra, Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences and Physiology, Pamplona, Spain
- IdiSNA, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Silvia Carlos
- University of Navarra, Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Pamplona
- IdiSNA, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Maira Bes-Rastrollo
- University of Navarra, Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Pamplona
- IdiSNA, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Centre Network on Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn) Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel-Angel Martínez-González
- University of Navarra, Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Pamplona
- IdiSNA, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Centre Network on Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn) Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Wang Y, Zhu J, Hu Y, Fang Y, Wang G, Cui X, Wang L. The Effect of Implicit Preferences on Food Consumption: Moderating Role of Ego Depletion and Impulsivity. Front Psychol 2016; 7:1699. [PMID: 27881966 PMCID: PMC5101204 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ego depletion has been found to moderate the effect of implicit preferences on food consumption, such that implicit preferences predict consumption only under a depleted state. The present study tested how trait impulsivity impacts the effect of implicit preferences on food consumption in a depleted condition. Trait impulsivity was measured by means of self-report and a stop signal task. Results showed that both self-reported impulsivity and behavioral impulsivity moderated the 'depletion and then eating according to implicit preferences' effect, albeit in different ways. Participants high in self-reported impulsivity and low in behavioral impulsivity were more vulnerable to the effect of depletion on eating. The implications of these results for extant theories are discussed. Future research is needed to verify whether or not trait impulsivity is associated with vulnerability to depletion across different self-control domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University Shanghai, China
| | - Jinglei Zhu
- School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Hu
- School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Fang
- School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University Shanghai, China
| | - Guosen Wang
- School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University Shanghai, China
| | - Xianghua Cui
- School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal UniversityShanghai, China; Management of Technology and Education Department, The second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical UniversityKunming, China
| | - Lei Wang
- School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal UniversityShanghai, China; The Psychological Counseling Room, Shanghai Wanping Middle SchoolShanghai, China
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