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Erdenebileg S, Kim M, Nam Y, Cha KH, Le TT, Jung SH, Nho CW. Artemisia argyi ethanol extract ameliorates nonalcoholic steatohepatitis-induced liver fibrosis by modulating gut microbiota and hepatic signaling. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 333:118415. [PMID: 38848971 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Artemisia argyi (AA), a herbal medicine traditionally used in Asian countries, to treat inflammatory conditions such as eczema, dermatitis, arthritis, allergic asthma and colitis. However, the mechanism of action of this plant with regard to hepatitis and other liver-related diseases is still unclear. AIM This study aimed to investigate the effects of AA ethanol extract on NASH-related fibrosis and gut microbiota in a choline-deficient, L-amino acid-defined, high-fat diet (CDAHFD)-induced mouse model. METHODS Male C57BL/6J mice were fed CDAHFD, with or without AA ethanol extract treatment. Biochemical markers, lipid profiles, hepatic mRNA expression levels of key genes, and the fibrosis area were assessed. In vitro, TGF-β-stimulated human hepatic stellate LX-2 cells and mouse primary hepatic stellate cells (mHSCs) were used to elucidate the effects of AA ethanol extract on fibrosis and steatosis. 16S rRNA sequencing, QIIME2, and PICRUST2 were employed to analyze gut microbial diversity, composition, and functional pathways. RESULTS Treatment with the AA ethanol extract improved plasma and liver lipid profiles, modulated hepatic mRNA expression levels of antioxidant, lipolytic, and fibrosis-related genes, and significantly reduced CDAHFD-induced hepatic fibrosis. Gut microbiota analysis revealed a marked decrease in Acetivibrio ethanolgignens abundance upon treatment with the AA ethanol extract, and its functional pathways were significantly correlated with NASH/fibrosis markers. The AA ethanol extract and its active components (jaceosidin, eupatilin, and chlorogenic acid) inhibited fibrosis-related markers in LX-2 and mHSC. CONCLUSION The AA ethanol extract exerted therapeutic effects on CDAHFD-induced liver disease by modulating NASH/fibrosis-related factors and gut microbiota composition. Notably, AA treatment reduced the abundance of the potentially profibrotic bacterium (A. ethanolgignens). These findings suggest that AA is a promising candidate for treating NASH-induced fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saruul Erdenebileg
- Smart Farm Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Gangneung, Gangwon-do, 25451, South Korea; Natural Product Applied Science, KIST School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Gangneung, Gangwon-do, 25451, South Korea
| | - Myungsuk Kim
- Natural Product Applied Science, KIST School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Gangneung, Gangwon-do, 25451, South Korea; Natural Product Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Gangneung, Gangwon-do, 25451, South Korea; Department of Convergence Medicine, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon-do, 26426, South Korea
| | - Yunseong Nam
- Smart Farm Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Gangneung, Gangwon-do, 25451, South Korea; Natural Product Applied Science, KIST School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Gangneung, Gangwon-do, 25451, South Korea
| | - Kwang Hyun Cha
- Natural Product Applied Science, KIST School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Gangneung, Gangwon-do, 25451, South Korea; Department of Convergence Medicine, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon-do, 26426, South Korea; Natural Product Informatics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Gangneung, Gangwon-do, 25451, South Korea
| | - Tam Thi Le
- Natural Product Applied Science, KIST School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Gangneung, Gangwon-do, 25451, South Korea; Natural Product Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Gangneung, Gangwon-do, 25451, South Korea
| | - Sang Hoon Jung
- Natural Product Applied Science, KIST School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Gangneung, Gangwon-do, 25451, South Korea; Natural Product Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Gangneung, Gangwon-do, 25451, South Korea
| | - Chu Won Nho
- Smart Farm Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Gangneung, Gangwon-do, 25451, South Korea; Natural Product Applied Science, KIST School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Gangneung, Gangwon-do, 25451, South Korea.
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Cheng D, Lian W, Jia X, Wang T, Sun W, Liu Y, Ni C. LGALS3 regulates endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition via PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in silica-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Toxicology 2024; 509:153962. [PMID: 39353502 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2024.153962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2024] [Revised: 09/27/2024] [Accepted: 09/28/2024] [Indexed: 10/04/2024]
Abstract
Silicosis is a progressive and chronic occupational lung disease characterized by lung inflammation, silicotic nodule formation, and diffuse pulmonary fibrosis. Emerging evidence indicates that endothelial-mesenchymal transition (EndoMT) plays a crucial role in the development of silicosis. Herein, we conducted a SiO2-induced EndoMT model and established a mouse model with pulmonary fibrosis by silica. We identified that SiO2 effectively increased the expression of mesenchymal markers while decreasing the levels of endothelial markers in endothelial cells. It's further demonstrated that SiO2 induced the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway activation via LGALS3 synthesis. Next, interfering LGALS3 blocked the process of EndoMT by inhibiting the activity of PI3K/AKT signaling. In vivo, the administration of a specific PI3K inhibitor LY294002 significantly alleviated silica-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Collectively, these results identified that the LGALS3/PI3K/AKT pathway provided a rationale target for the clinical treatment and intervention of silicosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Demin Cheng
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, Nantong Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China; Department of Occupational Medical and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Wenxiu Lian
- Department of Occupational Medical and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Xinying Jia
- Department of Occupational Medical and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Occupational Medical and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Department of Pathology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Wenqing Sun
- Department of Occupational Medical and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Occupational Medical and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.
| | - Chunhui Ni
- Department of Occupational Medical and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Department of Public Health, Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, Lianyungang 320700, China.
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Ju X, Wang K, Wang C, Zeng C, Wang Y, Yu J. Regulation of myofibroblast dedifferentiation in pulmonary fibrosis. Respir Res 2024; 25:284. [PMID: 39026235 PMCID: PMC11264880 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-024-02898-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a lethal, progressive, and irreversible condition that has become a significant focus of medical research due to its increasing incidence. This rising trend presents substantial challenges for patients, healthcare providers, and researchers. Despite the escalating burden of pulmonary fibrosis, the available therapeutic options remain limited. Currently, the United States Food and Drug Administration has approved two drugs for the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis-nintedanib and pirfenidone. However, their therapeutic effectiveness is limited, and they cannot reverse the fibrosis process. Additionally, these drugs are associated with significant side effects. Myofibroblasts play a central role in the pathophysiology of pulmonary fibrosis, significantly contributing to its progression. Consequently, strategies aimed at inhibiting myofibroblast differentiation or promoting their dedifferentiation hold promise as effective treatments. This review examines the regulation of myofibroblast dedifferentiation, exploring various signaling pathways, regulatory targets, and potential pharmaceutical interventions that could provide new directions for therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuetao Ju
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Congjian Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenxi Zeng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, NHC Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jun Yu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China.
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Cruz DRD, Zheng A, Debele T, Larson P, Dion GR, Park YC. Drug delivery systems for wound healing treatment of upper airway injury. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2024; 21:573-591. [PMID: 38588553 PMCID: PMC11208077 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2024.2340653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Endotracheal intubation is a common procedure to maintain an open airway with risks for traumatic injury. Pathological changes resulting from intubation can cause upper airway complications, including vocal fold scarring, laryngotracheal stenosis, and granulomas and present with symptoms such as dysphonia, dysphagia, and dyspnea. Current intubation-related laryngotracheal injury treatment approaches lack standardized guidelines, relying on individual clinician experience, and surgical and medical interventions have limitations and carry risks. AREAS COVERED The clinical and preclinical therapeutics for wound healing in the upper airway are described. This review discusses the current developments on local drug delivery systems in the upper airway utilizing particle-based delivery systems, including nanoparticles and microparticles, and bulk-based delivery systems, encompassing hydrogels and polymer-based approaches. EXPERT OPINION Complex laryngotracheal diseases pose challenges for effective treatment, struggling due to the intricate anatomy, limited access, and recurrence. Symptomatic management often requires invasive surgical procedures or medications that are unable to achieve lasting effects. Recent advances in nanotechnology and biocompatible materials provide potential solutions, enabling precise drug delivery, personalization, and extended treatment efficacy. Combining these technologies could lead to groundbreaking treatments for upper airways diseases, significantly improving patients' quality of life. Research and innovation in this field are crucial for further advancements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denzel Ryan D. Cruz
- Medical Scientist Training Program, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Avery Zheng
- Chemical Engineering Program, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Tilahun Debele
- Chemical Engineering Program, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Peter Larson
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Gregory R. Dion
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Yoonjee C. Park
- Chemical Engineering Program, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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Gong H, Lyu X, Liu Y, Peng N, Tan S, Dong L, Zhang X. Eupatilin inhibits pulmonary fibrosis by activating Sestrin2/PI3K/Akt/mTOR dependent autophagy pathway. Life Sci 2023; 334:122218. [PMID: 37918625 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive chronic inflammatory disease with poor clinical outcomes and ineffective drug treatment options. Eupatilin is a major component extracted from the traditional herbal medicine Artemisia asiatica Nakai. Notably, it was demonstrated to have an anti-fibrosis effect in endometrial fibrosis, vocal fold, and hepatic fibrosis. Its role and mechanism in IPF remain unclear. METHODS This study used the TGF-β1-induced human embryonic lung fibroblasts (MRC-5) activation, IPF lung fibroblasts, and bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis mice model. Western blot, immunofluorescence staining, quantitative real time-PCR, hematoxylin and eosin staining, Masson's trichrome staining, and immunohistochemistry were used to evaluate the effects of eupatilin on fibroblast activation, pulmonary fibrosis, and autophagy. The autophagosomes were observed with a transmission electron microscope (TEM). RNA sequencing was used to determine the signaling pathway and key regulator related to autophagy. RESULTS Eupatilin significantly decreased the expression of Col1A1, fibronectin, α-SMA, and SQSTM1/p62. In contrast, it increased the expression of LC3B II/I and the number of autophagosomes in TGF-β1 treated MRC-5, IPF lung fibroblasts, and bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis mice model; it also alleviated bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis. The KEGG pathway mapping displayed that PI3K/Akt and Sestrin2 were associated with the enhanced fibrogenic process. Eupatilin suppressed the phosphorylation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR. Autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA) and Akt activator SC-79 abrogated the anti-fibrotic effect of eupatilin. Sestrin2 expression was also downregulated in TGF-β1 treated lung fibroblasts and lung tissues of the bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis mice model. Furthermore, eupatilin promoted Sestrin2 expression, and the knockdown of Sestrin2 significantly aggravated the degree of fibrosis, increased the phosphorylation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR, and decreased autophagy. CONCLUSION These findings indicate that eupatilin ameliorates pulmonary fibrosis through Sestrin2/PI3K/Akt/mTOR-dependent autophagy pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Gong
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China; Human Clinical Medical Research Center for Geriatric Syndrome, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Xing Lyu
- Laboratory of Clinical Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Naling Peng
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Shengyu Tan
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China; Human Clinical Medical Research Center for Geriatric Syndrome, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Lini Dong
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China; Human Clinical Medical Research Center for Geriatric Syndrome, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Xiangyu Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China; Human Clinical Medical Research Center for Geriatric Syndrome, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China.
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Wu LH, Liu X, Liu ZW, Chen ZX, Fu XL, Yang K. Metal-free synthesis of difluoro/trifluoromethyl carbinol-containing chromones via tandem cyclization of o-hydroxyaryl enaminones. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:9236-9241. [PMID: 37966029 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01582c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
We herein propose a HFIP-promoted tandem cyclization reaction for the synthesis of difluoro/trifluoromethyl carbinol-containing chromones from o-hydroxyphenyl enaminones at room temperature. This protocol provides a facile and efficient approach to access diverse difluoro/trifluoromethylated carbinols in good to excellent yields. In addition, gram-scale and synthetic derivatization experiments have also been performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long-Hui Wu
- College of pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, P. R. China.
| | - Xia Liu
- College of pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, P. R. China.
| | - Zhao-Wen Liu
- College of pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, P. R. China.
| | - Zhi-Xi Chen
- College of pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, P. R. China.
| | - Xin-Lei Fu
- College of pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, P. R. China.
| | - Kai Yang
- College of pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, P. R. China.
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Hu J, Liu Y, Pan Z, Huang X, Wang J, Cao W, Chen Z. Eupatilin Ameliorates Hepatic Fibrosis and Hepatic Stellate Cell Activation by Suppressing β-catenin/PAI-1 Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065933. [PMID: 36983006 PMCID: PMC10054508 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) has proved to be pivotal in hepatic fibrosis. Therefore, the suppression of HSC activation is an effective anti-fibrotic strategy. Although studies have indicated that eupatilin, a bioactive flavone found in Artemisia argyi, has anti-fibrotic properties, the effect of eupatilin on hepatic fibrosis is currently unclear. In this study, we used the human hepatic stellate cell line LX-2 and the classical CCl4-induced hepatic fibrosis mouse model for in vitro and vivo experiments. We found that eupatilin significantly repressed the levels of the fibrotic markers COL1α1 and α-SMA, as well as other collagens in LX-2 cells. Meanwhile, eupatilin markedly inhibited LX-2 cell proliferation, as verified by the reduced cell viability and down-regulation of c-Myc, cyclinB1, cyclinD1, and CDK6. Additionally, eupatilin decreased the level of PAI-1 in a dose-dependent manner, and knockdown of PAI-1 using PAI-1-specific shRNA significantly suppressed the levels of COL1α1, α-SMA, and the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) marker N-cadherin in LX-2 cells. Western blotting indicated that eupatilin reduced the protein level of β-catenin and its nuclear translocation, while the transcript level of β-catenin was not affected in LX-2 cells. Furthermore, analysis of histopathological changes in the liver and markers of liver function and fibrosis revealed that hepatic fibrosis in CCl4-treated mice was markedly alleviated by eupatilin. In conclusion, eupatilin ameliorates hepatic fibrosis and hepatic stellate cell activation by suppressing the β-catenin/PAI-1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyuan Hu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Cure of Metabolic Diseases, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Zheng Pan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Cure of Metabolic Diseases, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xuekuan Huang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Cure of Metabolic Diseases, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing 402760, China
| | - Jianwei Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Cure of Metabolic Diseases, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing 402760, China
| | - Wenfu Cao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Cure of Metabolic Diseases, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Zhiwei Chen
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Cure of Metabolic Diseases, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing 402760, China
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Park SJ, Choi H, Kim JH, Kim CS. Antifibrotic effects of eupatilin on TGF-β1-treated human vocal fold fibroblasts. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0249041. [PMID: 33765087 PMCID: PMC7993872 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0249041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Vocal fold scarring is a major cause of dysphonia. Vocal fold fibroblasts (VFFs) and the TGF-β signaling pathway play important roles in scar formation. Eupatilin, a chromone derivative of the Artemisia species, is a traditional folk remedy for wound healing. However, until recently, few studies investigated the therapeutic effects of eupatilin. We investigated the antifibrogenic effects of eupatilin on TGF-β1-treated human vocal fold fibroblasts (hVFFs). The optimal concentration of eupatilin was determined by a cell viability assay. Western blotting was used to measure the expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin during myofibroblast differentiation, fibronectin (FN), collagen type I (Col I), and collagen type III (Col III) extracellular matrix proteins, and Smad2, Smad3, and p38 in the fibrotic pathway. Measurements were made before and after eupatilin treatment. Eupatilin at 100 nM was shown to be safe for use in hVFFs. TGF-β1 induced hVFFs to proliferate and differentiate into myofibroblasts and increased Col III and FN synthesis in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Eupatilin suppressed TGF-β1-induced hVFF proliferation and differentiation into myofibroblasts through the Smad and p38 signaling pathways. Furthermore, eupatilin inhibited TGF-β1-induced FN, Col I, and Col III synthesis in hVFFs. Our in vitro findings show that eupatilin effectively suppressed TGF-β1-induced fibrotic changes in hVFFs via the Smad and p38 signaling pathways. Thus, eupatilin may be considered a novel therapeutic agent for the treatment of vocal fold fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Joon Park
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Yeouido St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunsu Choi
- Clinical Research Institute, Daejeon St. Mary’s Hospital, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Heon Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Daejeon St Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Choung-Soo Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Daejeon St Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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Khan T, Dasgupta S, Ghosh N, Chaudhury K. Proteomics in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: the quest for biomarkers. Mol Omics 2021; 17:43-58. [PMID: 33073811 DOI: 10.1039/d0mo00108b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a debilitating chronic progressive and fibrosing lung disease that culminates in the destruction of alveolar integrity and dismal prognosis. Its etiology is unknown and pathophysiology remains unclear. While great advances have been made in elucidating the pathogenesis mechanism, considerable gaps related to information on pathogenetic pathways and key protein targets involved in the clinical course of the disease exist. These issues need to be addressed for better clinical management of this highly challenging disease. Omics approach has revolutionized the entire area of disease understanding and holds promise in its translation to clinical biomarker discovery. This review outlines the contribution of proteomics towards identification of important biomarkers in IPF in terms of their clinical utility, i.e. prognosis, differential diagnosis, disease progression and treatment monitoring. The major dysregulated pathways associated with IPF are also discussed. Based on numerous proteomics studies on human and animal models, it is proposed that IPF pathogenesis involves complex interactions of several pathways such as oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, unfolded protein response, coagulation system, inflammation, abnormal wounding, fibroblast proliferation, fibrogenesis and deposition of extracellular matrix. These pathways and their key path-changing mediators need further validation in large well-planned multi-centric trials at various geographical locations for successful development of clinical biomarkers of this confounding disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tila Khan
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, 721302, India.
| | - Sanjukta Dasgupta
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, 721302, India.
| | - Nilanjana Ghosh
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, 721302, India.
| | - Koel Chaudhury
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, 721302, India.
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Andugulapati SB, Gourishetti K, Tirunavalli SK, Shaikh TB, Sistla R. Biochanin-A ameliorates pulmonary fibrosis by suppressing the TGF-β mediated EMT, myofibroblasts differentiation and collagen deposition in in vitro and in vivo systems. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 78:153298. [PMID: 32781391 PMCID: PMC7395646 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2020.153298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive inflammatory disorder driven by a fibrotic cascade of events such as epithelial to mesenchymal transition, extracellular matrix production and collagen formation in the lungs in a sequential manner. IPF incidences were raising rapidly across the world. FDA approved pirfenidone and nintedanib (tyrosine kinase inhibitors) are being used as a first-line treatment drugs for IPF, however, neither the quality of life nor survival rates have been improved because of patient noncompliance due to multiple side effects. Thus, the development of novel therapeutic approaches targeting TGF-β mediated cascade of fibrotic events is urgently needed to improve the survival of the patients suffering from devastating disease. PURPOSE The aim of this study was to investigate and validate the anti-fibrotic properties of Biochanin-A (isoflavone) against TGF-β mediated fibrosis in in vitro, ex vivo, in vivo models and to determine the molecular mechanisms that mediate these anti-fibrotic effects. METHODS The therapeutic activity of BCA was determined in in vitro/ex vivo models. Cells were pre-treated with BCA and incubated in presence or absence of recombinant-TGF-β to stimulate the fibrotic cascade of events. Pulmonary fibrosis was developed by intratracheal administration of bleomycin in rats. BCA treatment was given for 14 days from post bleomycin instillation and then various investigations (collagen content, fibrosis gene/protein expression and histopathological changes) were performed to assess the anti-fibrotic activity of BCA. RESULTS In vitro/ex vivo (Primary normal, IPF cell line and primary IPF cells/ Precision cut mouse lung slices) experiments revealed that, BCA treatment significantly (p < 0.001) reduced the expression of TGF-β modulated fibrotic genes/protein expressions (including their functions) which are involved in the cascade of fibrotic events. BCA treatment significantly (p < 0.01) reduced the bleomycin-induced inflammatory cell-infiltration, inflammatory markers expression, collagen deposition and expression of fibrotic markers in lung tissues equivalent or better than pirfenidone treatment. In addition, BCA treatment significantly (p < 0.001) attenuated the TGF-β1/BLM-mediated increase of TGF-β/Smad2/3 phosphorylation and resulted in the reduction of pathological abnormalities in lung tissues determined by histopathology observations. CONCLUSION Collectively, BCA treatment demonstrated the remarkable therapeutic effects on TGF-β/BLM mediated pulmonary fibrosis using IPF cells and rodent models. This current study may offer a novel treatment approach to halt and may be even rescue the devastating lung scarring of IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Balaji Andugulapati
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT), Hyderabad 500 007, India
| | - Karthik Gourishetti
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT), Hyderabad 500 007, India
| | - Satya Krishna Tirunavalli
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT), Hyderabad 500 007, India
| | - Taslim Babru Shaikh
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT), Hyderabad 500 007, India
| | - Ramakrishna Sistla
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT), Hyderabad 500 007, India.
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Lee CJ, Hong SH, Yoon MJ, Lee KA, Choi DH, Kwon H, Ko JJ, Koo HS, Kang YJ. Eupatilin treatment inhibits transforming growth factor beta-induced endometrial fibrosis in vitro. Clin Exp Reprod Med 2020; 47:108-113. [PMID: 32460455 PMCID: PMC7315855 DOI: 10.5653/cerm.2019.03475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Endometrial fibrosis, the primary pathological feature of intrauterine adhesion, may lead to disruption of endometrial tissue structure, menstrual abnormalities, infertility, and recurrent pregnancy loss. At present, no ideal therapeutic strategy exists for this fibrotic disease. Eupatilin, a major pharmacologically active flavone from Artemisia, has been previously reported to act as a potent inducer of dedifferentiation of fibrotic tissue in the liver and lung. However, the effects of eupatilin on endometrial fibrosis have not yet been investigated. In this study, we present the first report on the impact of eupatilin treatment on transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β)-induced endometrial fibrosis. Methods The efficacy of eupatilin on TGF-β–induced endometrial fibrosis was assessed by examining changes in morphology and the expression levels of fibrosis markers using immunofluorescence staining and quantitative real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. Results Eupatilin treatment significantly reduced the fibrotic activity of TGF-β–induced endometrial fibrosis in Ishikawa cells, which displayed more circular shapes and formed more colonies. Additionally, the effects of eupatilin on fibrotic markers including alpha-smooth muscle actin, hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha, collagen type I alpha 1 chain, and matrix metalloproteinase-2, were evaluated in TGF-β–induced endometrial fibrosis. The expression of these markers was highly upregulated by TGF-β pretreatment and recovered to the levels of control cells in response to eupatilin treatment. Conclusion Our findings suggest that suppression of TGF-β–induced signaling by eupatilin might be an effective therapeutic strategy for the treatment of endometrial fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Jin Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science, School of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Seon-Hwa Hong
- CHA Fertility Center Bundang, School of Medicine, CHA University, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Min-Ji Yoon
- Department of Biomedical Science, School of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Kyung-Ah Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science, School of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Dong Hee Choi
- CHA Fertility Center Bundang, School of Medicine, CHA University, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Hwang Kwon
- CHA Fertility Center Bundang, School of Medicine, CHA University, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Jung-Jae Ko
- Department of Biomedical Science, School of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Hwa Seon Koo
- CHA Fertility Center Bundang, School of Medicine, CHA University, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Youn-Jung Kang
- Department of Biomedical Science, School of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam, Korea.,CHA Fertility Center Bundang, School of Medicine, CHA University, Seongnam, Korea.,Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, CHA University, Seongnam, Korea
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12
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Cai R, Wang P, Zhao X, Lu X, Deng R, Wang X, Su Z, Hong C, Lin J. LTBP1 promotes esophageal squamous cell carcinoma progression through epithelial-mesenchymal transition and cancer-associated fibroblasts transformation. J Transl Med 2020; 18:139. [PMID: 32216815 PMCID: PMC7098101 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-020-02310-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is one of the most prevalent cancers worldwide. Due to its high morbidity and mortality rates, it is urgent to find a molecular target that contributes to esophageal carcinogenesis and progression. In this research, we aimed to investigate the functions of Latent transforming growth factor β binding protein 1(LTBP1) in ESCC progression and elucidate the underlying mechanisms. METHODS The tandem mass tag-based quantitative proteomic approach was applied to screen the differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) between 3 cases of ESCC tumor samples and paired normal tissues. Then the DEPs were validated in human ESCC tissues using western blot assays and GEPIA database respectively. The expression level of LTBP1 was detected in 152 cases of ESCC tissues and paired normal tissues. Loss-of-function assays were performed to detect the function of LTBP1 in vivo and in vitro. Immunofluorescence and Western blot assays were used to detect the expression of apoptosis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) markers. RESULTS A total of 39 proteins were screened to be up-regulated (ratio > 2.0) in all three ESCC tissues. The results of immunohistochemistry assays indicated that the expression level of LTBP1 was higher in ESCC tissues than that in paired normal tissues (p < 0.001). Overexpression of LTBP1 was positively associated with lymphatic metastasis in ESCC (p = 0.002). Down-regulation of LTBP1 inhibited the invasion and migration as well as metastatic abilities in vitro and in vivo. It was also observed the down-regulation of LTBP1 not only decreased the mesenchymal phenotypes but also inhibited TGFβ-induced EMT in ESCC cells. We further found that down-regulation of LTBP1 enhanced ESCC cells' sensitivity to 5-FU treatment. Inhibition of LTBP1 expression could also attenuate induction of CAFs transformation and restrain fibroblast express fibronectin (FN1) in ESCC cells. CONCLUSION Overexpression of LTBP1 was associated with lymph node metastasis in ESCC. Our results indicated that LTBP1 not only increased the malignant behaviors of ESCC cells but also induced EMT and CAFs transformation. Our studies suggested an oncogenic role of LTBP1 in ESCC progression and it may serve as a potential therapeutic target for ESCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Cai
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou, Guangdong province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou, Guangdong province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou, Guangdong province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiansheng Lu
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou, Guangdong province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruxia Deng
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou, Guangdong province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou, Guangdong province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaoji Su
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou, Guangdong province, People's Republic of China
| | - Chang Hong
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou, Guangdong province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Lin
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China. .,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Guangzhou, Guangdong province, People's Republic of China.
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