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Dallan B, Proietto D, De Laurentis M, Gallerani E, Martino M, Ghisellini S, Zurlo A, Volpato S, Govoni B, Borghesi M, Albanese V, Appay V, Bonnini S, Llewellyn-Lacey S, Pacifico S, Grumiro L, Brandolini M, Semprini S, Sambri V, Ladell K, Parry HM, Moss PAH, Price DA, Caputo A, Gavioli R, Nicoli F. Age differentially impacts adaptive immune responses induced by adenoviral versus mRNA vaccines against COVID-19. NATURE AGING 2024:10.1038/s43587-024-00644-w. [PMID: 38918602 DOI: 10.1038/s43587-024-00644-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Adenoviral and mRNA vaccines encoding the viral spike (S) protein have been deployed globally to contain severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Older individuals are particularly vulnerable to severe infection, probably reflecting age-related changes in the immune system, which can also compromise vaccine efficacy. It is nonetheless unclear to what extent different vaccine platforms are impacted by immunosenescence. Here, we evaluated S protein-specific immune responses elicited by vaccination with two doses of BNT162b2 or ChAdOx1-S and subsequently boosted with a single dose of BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273, comparing age-stratified participants with no evidence of previous infection with SARS-CoV-2. We found that aging profoundly compromised S protein-specific IgG titers and further limited S protein-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cell immunity as a probable function of progressive erosion of the naive lymphocyte pool in individuals vaccinated initially with BNT162b2. Our results demonstrate that primary vaccination with ChAdOx1-S and subsequent boosting with BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273 promotes sustained immunological memory in older adults and potentially confers optimal protection against coronavirus disease 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Dallan
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Davide Proietto
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Martina De Laurentis
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Eleonora Gallerani
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Mara Martino
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Sara Ghisellini
- Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, University Hospital St. Anna, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Amedeo Zurlo
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Geriatrics Unit, University Hospital of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Stefano Volpato
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Geriatrics Unit, University Hospital of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Benedetta Govoni
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Geriatrics Unit, University Hospital of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Michela Borghesi
- Department of Economics and Management, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Valentina Albanese
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Victor Appay
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS UMR 5164, INSERM ERL 1303, ImmunoConcEpT, Bordeaux, France
| | - Stefano Bonnini
- Department of Economics and Management, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Sian Llewellyn-Lacey
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
| | - Salvatore Pacifico
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Laura Grumiro
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Martina Brandolini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Simona Semprini
- Unit of Microbiology, Greater Romagna Area Hub Laboratory, Cesena, Italy
| | - Vittorio Sambri
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Unit of Microbiology, Greater Romagna Area Hub Laboratory, Cesena, Italy
| | - Kristin Ladell
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
| | - Helen M Parry
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Paul A H Moss
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - David A Price
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
- Systems Immunity Research Institute, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
| | - Antonella Caputo
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Riccardo Gavioli
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Francesco Nicoli
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
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Brummelman J, Suárez-Hernández S, de Rond L, Bogaard-van Maurik M, Molenaar P, van Wijlen E, Oomen D, Beckers L, Rots NY, van Beek J, Nicolaie MA, van Els CACM, Boer MC, Kaaijk P, Buisman AM, de Wit J. Distinct T cell responsiveness to different COVID-19 vaccines and cross-reactivity to SARS-CoV-2 variants with age and CMV status. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1392477. [PMID: 38774878 PMCID: PMC11106399 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1392477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Accumulating evidence indicates the importance of T cell immunity in vaccination-induced protection against severe COVID-19 disease, especially against SARS-CoV-2 Variants-of-Concern (VOCs) that more readily escape from recognition by neutralizing antibodies. However, there is limited knowledge on the T cell responses across different age groups and the impact of CMV status after primary and booster vaccination with different vaccine combinations. Moreover, it remains unclear whether age has an effect on the ability of T cells to cross-react against VOCs. Methods Therefore, we interrogated the Spike-specific T cell responses in healthy adults of the Dutch population across different ages, whom received different vaccine types for the primary series and/or booster vaccination, using IFNɣ ELISpot. Cells were stimulated with overlapping peptide pools of the ancestral Spike protein and different VOCs. Results Robust Spike-specific T cell responses were detected in the vast majority of participants upon the primary vaccination series, regardless of the vaccine type (i.e. BNT162b2, mRNA-1273, ChAdOx1 nCoV-19, or Ad26.COV2.S). Clearly, in the 70+ age group, responses were overall lower and showed more variation compared to younger age groups. Only in CMV-seropositive older adults (>70y) there was a significant inverse relation of age with T cell responses. Although T cell responses increased in all age groups after booster vaccination, Spike-specific T cell frequencies remained lower in the 70+ age group. Regardless of age or CMV status, primary mRNA-1273 vaccination followed by BNT162b2 booster vaccination showed limited booster effect compared to the BNT162b2/BNT162b2 or BNT162b2/mRNA-1273 primary-booster regimen. A modest reduction in cross-reactivity to the Alpha, Delta and Omicron BA.1, but not the Beta or Gamma variant, was observed after primary vaccination. Discussion Together, this study shows that age, CMV status, but also the primary-booster vaccination regimen influence the height of the vaccination-induced Spike-specific T cell response, but did not impact the VOC cross-reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolanda Brummelman
- Center for Infectious Disease Control, Dutch National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Sara Suárez-Hernández
- Center for Infectious Disease Control, Dutch National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Lia de Rond
- Center for Infectious Disease Control, Dutch National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Marjan Bogaard-van Maurik
- Center for Infectious Disease Control, Dutch National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Petra Molenaar
- Center for Infectious Disease Control, Dutch National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Emma van Wijlen
- Center for Infectious Disease Control, Dutch National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Debbie Oomen
- Center for Infectious Disease Control, Dutch National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Lisa Beckers
- Center for Infectious Disease Control, Dutch National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Nynke Y. Rots
- Center for Infectious Disease Control, Dutch National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Josine van Beek
- Center for Infectious Disease Control, Dutch National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Mioara A. Nicolaie
- Center for Infectious Disease Control, Dutch National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Cécile A. C. M. van Els
- Center for Infectious Disease Control, Dutch National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, Netherlands
- Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Mardi C. Boer
- Center for Infectious Disease Control, Dutch National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Patricia Kaaijk
- Center for Infectious Disease Control, Dutch National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Anne-Marie Buisman
- Center for Infectious Disease Control, Dutch National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Jelle de Wit
- Center for Infectious Disease Control, Dutch National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, Netherlands
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Cook SL, Al Amin M, Bari S, Poonnen PJ, Khasraw M, Johnson MO. Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Geriatric Oncology. Curr Oncol Rep 2024; 26:562-572. [PMID: 38587598 DOI: 10.1007/s11912-024-01528-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This manuscript will update prior reviews of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in light of basic science, translational, and clinical discoveries in the field of cancer immunology and aging. RECENT FINDINGS ICIs have led to significant advancements in the treatment of cancer. Landmark trials of ICIs have cited the efficacy and toxicity experienced by older patients, but most trials are not specifically designed to address outcomes in older patients. Underlying mechanisms of aging, like cellular senescence, affect the immune system and may ultimately alter the host's response to ICIs. Validated tools are currently used to identify older adults who may be at greater risk of developing complications from their cancer treatment. We review changes in the aging immune system that may alter responses to ICIs, report outcomes and toxicities in older adults from recent ICI clinical trials, and discuss clinical tools specific to older patients with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L Cook
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University School of Medicine, 047 Baker House, Trent Drive, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Md Al Amin
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Sher-E-Bangla Medical College, Barisal City, Bangladesh
| | - Shahla Bari
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Pradeep J Poonnen
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Durham VA Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs, National TeleOncology Program, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Mustafa Khasraw
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University School of Medicine, 047 Baker House, Trent Drive, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
| | - Margaret O Johnson
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University School of Medicine, 047 Baker House, Trent Drive, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs, National TeleOncology Program, Durham, NC, USA
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4
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Quiros-Roldan E, Sottini A, Natali PG, Imberti L. The Impact of Immune System Aging on Infectious Diseases. Microorganisms 2024; 12:775. [PMID: 38674719 PMCID: PMC11051847 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12040775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Immune system aging is becoming a field of increasing public health interest because of prolonged life expectancy, which is not paralleled by an increase in health expectancy. As age progresses, innate and adaptive immune systems undergo changes, which are defined, respectively, as inflammaging and immune senescence. A wealth of available data demonstrates that these two conditions are closely linked, leading to a greater vulnerability of elderly subjects to viral, bacterial, and opportunistic infections as well as lower post-vaccination protection. To face this novel scenario, an in-depth assessment of the immune players involved in this changing epidemiology is demanded regarding the individual and concerted involvement of immune cells and mediators within endogenous and exogenous factors and co-morbidities. This review provides an overall updated description of the changes affecting the aging immune system, which may be of help in understanding the underlying mechanisms associated with the main age-associated infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenia Quiros-Roldan
- Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, ASST- Spedali Civili and DSCS- University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy;
| | - Alessandra Sottini
- Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, Services Department, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy;
| | - Pier Giorgio Natali
- Mediterranean Task Force for Cancer Control (MTCC), Via Pizzo Bernina, 14, 00141 Rome, Italy;
| | - Luisa Imberti
- Section of Microbiology, University of Brescia, P. le Spedali Civili, 1, 25123 Brescia, Italy
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Rio P, Caldarelli M, Chiantore M, Ocarino F, Candelli M, Gasbarrini A, Gambassi G, Cianci R. Immune Cells, Gut Microbiota, and Vaccines: A Gender Perspective. Cells 2024; 13:526. [PMID: 38534370 DOI: 10.3390/cells13060526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The development of preventive and therapeutic vaccines has played a crucial role in preventing infections and treating chronic and non-communicable diseases, respectively. For a long time, the influence of sex differences on modifying health and disease has not been addressed in clinical and preclinical studies. The interaction of genetic, epigenetic, and hormonal factors plays a role in the sex-related differences in the epidemiology of diseases, clinical manifestations, and the response to treatment. Moreover, sex is one of the leading factors influencing the gut microbiota composition, which could further explain the different predisposition to diseases in men and women. In the same way, differences between sexes occur also in the immune response to vaccines. This narrative review aims to highlight these differences, focusing on the immune response to vaccines. Comparative data about immune responses, vaccine effectiveness, and side effects are reviewed. Hence, the intricate interplay between sex, immunity, and the gut microbiota will be discussed for its potential role in the response to vaccination. Embracing a sex-oriented perspective in research may improve the efficacy of the immune response and allow the design of tailored vaccine schedules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierluigi Rio
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University of Rome, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Mario Caldarelli
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University of Rome, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Monica Chiantore
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University of Rome, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Ocarino
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University of Rome, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Marcello Candelli
- Department of Emergency, Anesthesiological and Reanimation Sciences, Catholic University of Rome, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Gasbarrini
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University of Rome, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Gambassi
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University of Rome, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Rossella Cianci
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University of Rome, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
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Sattler A, Gamradt S, Proß V, Thole LML, He A, Schrezenmeier EV, Jechow K, Gold SM, Lukassen S, Conrad C, Kotsch K. CD3 downregulation identifies high-avidity, multipotent SARS-CoV-2 vaccine- and recall antigen-specific Th cells with distinct metabolism. JCI Insight 2024; 9:e166833. [PMID: 38206757 PMCID: PMC11143931 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.166833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Functional avidity is supposed to critically shape the quality of immune responses, thereby influencing host protection against infectious agents including SARS-CoV-2. Here we show that after human SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, a large portion of high-avidity spike-specific CD4+ T cells lost CD3 expression after in vitro activation. The CD3- subset was enriched for cytokine-positive cells, including elevated per-cell expression levels, and showed increased polyfunctionality. Assessment of key metabolic pathways by flow cytometry revealed that superior functionality was accompanied by a shift toward fatty acid synthesis at the expense of their oxidation, whereas glucose transport and glycolysis were similarly regulated in SARS-CoV-2-specific CD3- and CD3+ subsets. As opposed to their CD3+ counterparts, frequencies of vaccine-specific CD3- T cells positively correlated with both the size of the naive CD4+ T cell pool and vaccine-specific IgG levels. Moreover, their frequencies negatively correlated with advancing age and were impaired in patients under immunosuppressive therapy. Typical recall antigen-reactive T cells showed a comparable segregation into functionally and metabolically distinct CD3+ and CD3- subsets but were quantitatively maintained upon aging, likely due to earlier recruitment in life. In summary, our data identify CD3- T helper cells as correlates of high-quality immune responses that are impaired in at-risk populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arne Sattler
- Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department for General and Visceral Surgery, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefanie Gamradt
- Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences – Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
- Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine – Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Vanessa Proß
- Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department for General and Visceral Surgery, Berlin, Germany
| | - Linda Marie Laura Thole
- Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department for General and Visceral Surgery, Berlin, Germany
| | - An He
- Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department for General and Visceral Surgery, Berlin, Germany
| | - Eva Vanessa Schrezenmeier
- Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katharina Jechow
- Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Center for Digital Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan M. Gold
- Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences – Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
- Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine – Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
- Universitätsklinikum Hamburg Eppendorf, Institut für Neuroimmunologie und Multiple Sklerose, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sören Lukassen
- Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Center for Digital Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Conrad
- Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Center for Digital Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katja Kotsch
- Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department for General and Visceral Surgery, Berlin, Germany
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7
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de Boer RJ, Tesselaar K, Borghans JAM. Better safe than sorry: Naive T-cell dynamics in healthy ageing. Semin Immunol 2023; 70:101839. [PMID: 37716048 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2023.101839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
It is well-known that the functioning of the immune system gradually deteriorates with age, and we are increasingly confronted with its consequences as the life expectancy of the human population increases. Changes in the T-cell pool are among the most prominent features of the changing immune system during healthy ageing, and changes in the naive T-cell pool in particular are generally held responsible for its gradual deterioration. These changes in the naive T-cell pool are thought to be due to involution of the thymus. It is commonly believed that the gradual loss of thymic output induces compensatory mechanisms to maintain the number of naive T cells at a relatively constant level, and induces a loss of diversity in the T-cell repertoire. Here we review the studies that support or challenge this widely-held view of immune ageing and discuss the implications for vaccination strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rob J de Boer
- Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Kiki Tesselaar
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - José A M Borghans
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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8
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Hofstee MI, Cevirgel A, de Zeeuw-Brouwer ML, de Rond L, van der Klis F, Buisman AM. Cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr virus co-infected young and middle-aged adults can have an aging-related T-cell phenotype. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10912. [PMID: 37407603 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-37502-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is known to alter circulating effector memory or re-expressing CD45RA+ (TemRA) T-cell numbers, but whether Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) does the same or this is amplified during a CMV and EBV co-infection is unclear. Immune cell numbers in blood of children and young, middle-aged, and senior adults (n = 336) were determined with flow cytometry, and additional multivariate linear regression, intra-group correlation, and cluster analyses were performed. Compared to non-infected controls, CMV-seropositive individuals from all age groups had more immune cell variance, and CMV+ EBV- senior adults had more late-differentiated CD4+ and CD8+ TemRA and CD4+ effector memory T-cells. EBV-seropositive children and young adults had a more equal immune cell composition than non-infected controls, and CMV- EBV+ senior adults had more intermediate/late-differentiated CD4+ TemRA and effector memory T-cells than non-infected controls. CMV and EBV co-infected young and middle-aged adults with an elevated BMI and anti-CMV antibody levels had a similar immune cell composition as senior adults, and CMV+ EBV+ middle-aged adults had more late-differentiated CD8+ TemRA, effector memory, and HLA-DR+ CD38- T-cells than CMV+ EBV- controls. This study identified changes in T-cell numbers in CMV- or EBV-seropositive individuals and that some CMV and EBV co-infected young and middle-aged adults had an aging-related T-cell phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marloes I Hofstee
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Antonie Van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, 3721 MA, Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
| | - Alper Cevirgel
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Antonie Van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, 3721 MA, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Virology and Immunology Research Group, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mary-Lène de Zeeuw-Brouwer
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Antonie Van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, 3721 MA, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Lia de Rond
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Antonie Van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, 3721 MA, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Fiona van der Klis
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Antonie Van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, 3721 MA, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Anne-Marie Buisman
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Antonie Van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, 3721 MA, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
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9
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Golec M, Zembala-John J, Fronczek M, Konka A, Bochenek A, Wystyrk K, Botor H, Zalewska M, Chrapiec M, Kasperczyk S, Brzoza Z, Bułdak RJ. Relationship between anthropometric and body composition parameters and anti-SARS-CoV-2 specific IgG titers in females vaccinated against COVID-19 according to the heterologous vaccination course: A cohort study. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0287128. [PMID: 37310975 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0287128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this cohort study was to evaluate the relationship between anthropometric and body composition parameters and anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG titers in a group of females who were vaccinated against COVID-19 with two doses of ChAdOx1 vaccine and then boosted with the BNT162b2 vaccine. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study group consisted of 63 women. Basic demographic and clinical data were collected. To assess the anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin G titers following the vaccination, five blood draws were performed: 1) before the first dose, 2) before the second dose, 3) 14-21 days after the primary vaccination, 4) before the booster, and 5) 21 days after the booster. Blood samples were analyzed using a two-step enzymatic chemiluminescent assay. Body mass index and body composition were evaluated using bioelectrical impedance analysis. To select the most distinguishing parameters and correlations between anthropometric and body composition parameters and anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG titers, factor analysis using the Principal Component Analysis was conducted. RESULTS Sixty-three females (mean age: 46.52 years) who met the inclusion criteria were enrolled. 40 of them (63.50%) participated in the post-booster follow-up. After receiving two doses of the ChAdOx1 vaccine, the study group's anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG titers were 67.19 ± 77.44 AU/mL (mean ± SD), whereas after receiving a heterologous mRNA booster, the level of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG titers was about three-times higher and amounted to 212.64 ± 146.40 AU/mL (mean ± SD). Our data shows that seropositivity, obesity, non-fat-related, and fat-related body composition parameters all had a significant effect on the level of IgG titer after a two-dose vaccination of ChAdOx1. However, only non-fat-related and fat-related body composition parameters had a significant effect on the IgG titer after booster vaccination. CONCLUSION COVID-19 infection before the first dose of vaccination is not related to IgG titer after booster administration. Body composition has a significant effect on the production of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG after booster vaccination in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlena Golec
- Silesian Park of Medical Technology Kardio-Med Silesia, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Joanna Zembala-John
- Silesian Park of Medical Technology Kardio-Med Silesia, Zabrze, Poland
- Department of Medicine and Environmental Epidemiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Zabrze, Poland
- Silesian Center for Heart Diseases, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Martyna Fronczek
- Silesian Park of Medical Technology Kardio-Med Silesia, Zabrze, Poland
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Adam Konka
- Silesian Park of Medical Technology Kardio-Med Silesia, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Aneta Bochenek
- Silesian Park of Medical Technology Kardio-Med Silesia, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Karolina Wystyrk
- Silesian Park of Medical Technology Kardio-Med Silesia, Zabrze, Poland
| | | | - Marzena Zalewska
- Silesian Park of Medical Technology Kardio-Med Silesia, Zabrze, Poland
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Public Health in Bytom, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Bytom, Poland
| | - Martyna Chrapiec
- Silesian Park of Medical Technology Kardio-Med Silesia, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Sławomir Kasperczyk
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Zenon Brzoza
- Department of Internal Diseases, Allergology, Endocrinology and Gastroenterology, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Opole, Opole, Poland
| | - Rafał J Bułdak
- Silesian Park of Medical Technology Kardio-Med Silesia, Zabrze, Poland
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Opole, Opole, Poland
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10
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Orillard E, Spehner L, Mansi L, Bouard A, Falcoz A, Lepiller Q, Renaude E, Pallandre JR, Vienot A, Kroemer M, Borg C. The presence of senescent peripheral T-cells is negatively correlated to COVID-19 vaccine-induced immunity in cancer patients under 70 years of age. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1160664. [PMID: 37334387 PMCID: PMC10272422 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1160664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Cancer patients are at risk of severe COVID-19 infection, and vaccination is recommended. Nevertheless, we observe a failure of COVID-19 vaccines in this vulnerable population. We hypothesize that senescent peripheral T-cells alter COVID-19 vaccine-induced immunity. Methods We performed a monocentric prospective study and enrolled cancer patients and healthy donors before the COVID-19 vaccination. The primary objective was to assess the association of peripheral senescent T-cells (CD28-CD57+KLRG1+) with COVID-19 vaccine-induced immunity. Results Eighty cancer patients have been included, with serological and specific T-cell responses evaluated before and at 3 months post-vaccination. Age ≥ 70 years was the principal clinical factor negatively influencing the serological (p=0.035) and specific SARS-CoV-2 T-cell responses (p=0.047). The presence of senescent T-cells was correlated to lower serological (p=0.049) and specific T-cell responses (p=0.009). Our results sustained the definition of a specific cut-off for senescence immune phenotype (SIP) (≥ 5% of CD4 and ≥ 39.5% of CD8 T-cells), which was correlated to a lower serological response induced by COVID-19 vaccination for CD4 and CD8 SIPhigh (p=0.039 and p=0.049 respectively). While CD4 SIP level had no impact on COVID-19 vaccine efficacy in elderly patients, our results unraveled a possible predictive role for CD4 SIPhigh T-cell levels in younger cancer patients. Conclusions Elderly cancer patients have a poor serological response to vaccination; specific strategies are needed in this population. Also, the presence of a CD4 SIPhigh affects the serological response in younger patients and seems to be a potential biomarker of no vaccinal response.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Orillard
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Besançon, Besançon, France
- Bourgogne Franche-Comté University, INSERM, Etablissement Français du Sang Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UMR1098, Interactions Hôte-Greffon-Tumeur/Ingénierie cellulaire et Génique, Besançon, France
| | - L. Spehner
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Besançon, Besançon, France
- Bourgogne Franche-Comté University, INSERM, Etablissement Français du Sang Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UMR1098, Interactions Hôte-Greffon-Tumeur/Ingénierie cellulaire et Génique, Besançon, France
| | - L. Mansi
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Besançon, Besançon, France
- Bourgogne Franche-Comté University, INSERM, Etablissement Français du Sang Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UMR1098, Interactions Hôte-Greffon-Tumeur/Ingénierie cellulaire et Génique, Besançon, France
| | - A. Bouard
- ITAC Platform, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - A. Falcoz
- Bourgogne Franche-Comté University, INSERM, Etablissement Français du Sang Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UMR1098, Interactions Hôte-Greffon-Tumeur/Ingénierie cellulaire et Génique, Besançon, France
- Methodology and Quality of Life Unit in Oncology, University Hospital of Besançon, Besançon, France
| | - Q. Lepiller
- Department of Virology, University Hospital of Besançon, Besançon, France
- Research Unit EA3181, Université de Franche Comté, Besançon, France
| | - E. Renaude
- Bourgogne Franche-Comté University, INSERM, Etablissement Français du Sang Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UMR1098, Interactions Hôte-Greffon-Tumeur/Ingénierie cellulaire et Génique, Besançon, France
| | - JR. Pallandre
- Bourgogne Franche-Comté University, INSERM, Etablissement Français du Sang Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UMR1098, Interactions Hôte-Greffon-Tumeur/Ingénierie cellulaire et Génique, Besançon, France
- ITAC Platform, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - A. Vienot
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Besançon, Besançon, France
- Bourgogne Franche-Comté University, INSERM, Etablissement Français du Sang Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UMR1098, Interactions Hôte-Greffon-Tumeur/Ingénierie cellulaire et Génique, Besançon, France
| | - M. Kroemer
- Bourgogne Franche-Comté University, INSERM, Etablissement Français du Sang Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UMR1098, Interactions Hôte-Greffon-Tumeur/Ingénierie cellulaire et Génique, Besançon, France
- ITAC Platform, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
- Department of Pharmacy, University Hospital of Besançon, Besançon, France
| | - C. Borg
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Besançon, Besançon, France
- Bourgogne Franche-Comté University, INSERM, Etablissement Français du Sang Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UMR1098, Interactions Hôte-Greffon-Tumeur/Ingénierie cellulaire et Génique, Besançon, France
- ITAC Platform, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
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11
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Rossi JF, Bonnet E, Castelli C, Velensek M, Wisniewski E, Heraud S, Boustany R, David C, Dinet J, Sicard R, Daures JP, Bonifacy M, Mousset L, Goffart E. Clinical and Serological Follow-Up of 216 Patients with Hematological Malignancies after Vaccination with Pfizer-BioNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 in a Real-World Study. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11030493. [PMID: 36992077 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11030493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Hematological malignancies (HMs) have heterogeneous serological responses after vaccination due to disease or treatment. The aim of this real-world study was to analyze it after Pfizer-BioNT162b2 mRNA vaccination in 216 patients followed up for 1 year. The first 43 patients had an initial follow-up by a telemedicine (TM) system with no major events reported. The anti-spike IgG antibodies were checked 3–4 weeks post-first vaccination and every 3–4 months, by two standard bioassays and a rapid serological test (RST). Vaccine boosts were given when the level was <7 BAU/mL. Patients who did not seroconvert after 3–4 doses received tixagevimab/cilgavimab (TC). Fifteen results were discordant between two standard bioassays. Good agreement was observed between the standard and RST in 97 samples. After two doses, 68% were seroconverted (median = 59 BAU/mL) with a median of 162 BAU/mL and 9 BAU/mL, respectively, in untreated and treated patients (p < 0.001), particularly for patients receiving rituximab. Patients with gammaglobulin levels < 5 g/L had reduced seroconversion compared to higher levels (p = 0.019). The median levels were 228 BAU/mL post-second dose if seroconverted post-first and second, or if seroconverted only post-second dose. A total of 68% of post-second dose negative patients were post-third dose positive. A total of 16% received TC, six with non-severe symptomatic COVID-19 within 15–40 days. Personalized serological follow-up should apply particularly to patients with HMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-François Rossi
- Institut du Cancer Avignon-Provence, Sainte Catherine, 84000 Avignon, France
- Faculté de Médecine Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, 34094 Montpellier, France
| | - Emmanuel Bonnet
- Recherche Clinique Clinique Beau Soleil-Nouvelles Technologies, 34070 Montpellier, France
| | - Christel Castelli
- Recherche Clinique Clinique Beau Soleil-Nouvelles Technologies, 34070 Montpellier, France
| | - Marion Velensek
- Institut du Cancer Avignon-Provence, Sainte Catherine, 84000 Avignon, France
| | - Emma Wisniewski
- Institut du Cancer Avignon-Provence, Sainte Catherine, 84000 Avignon, France
| | - Sophie Heraud
- Institut du Cancer Avignon-Provence, Sainte Catherine, 84000 Avignon, France
| | - Rania Boustany
- Institut du Cancer Avignon-Provence, Sainte Catherine, 84000 Avignon, France
| | - Céleste David
- Institut du Cancer Avignon-Provence, Sainte Catherine, 84000 Avignon, France
| | | | - Roland Sicard
- Institut du Cancer Avignon-Provence, Sainte Catherine, 84000 Avignon, France
- Thess Corporate Inc., 34070 Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Daures
- Recherche Clinique Clinique Beau Soleil-Nouvelles Technologies, 34070 Montpellier, France
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12
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Freeman ML, Oyebanji OA, Moisi D, Payne M, Sheehan ML, Balazs AB, Bosch J, King CL, Gravenstein S, Lederman MM, Canaday DH. Association of Cytomegalovirus Serostatus With Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Vaccine Responsiveness in Nursing Home Residents and Healthcare Workers. Open Forum Infect Dis 2023; 10:ofad063. [PMID: 36861088 PMCID: PMC9969739 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofad063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Latent cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is immunomodulatory and could affect mRNA vaccine responsiveness. We sought to determine the association of CMV serostatus and prior severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection with antibody (Ab) titers after primary and booster BNT162b2 mRNA vaccinations in healthcare workers (HCWs) and nursing home (NH) residents. Methods Nursing home residents (N = 143) and HCWs (N = 107) were vaccinated and serological responses monitored by serum neutralization activity against Wuhan and Omicron (BA.1) strain spike proteins, and by bead-multiplex immunoglobulin G immunoassay to Wuhan spike protein and its receptor-binding domain (RBD). Cytomegalovirus serology and levels of inflammatory biomarkers were also measured. Results Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2-naive CMV seropositive (CMV+) HCWs had significantly reduced Wuhan-neutralizing Ab (P = .013), anti-spike (P = .017), and anti-RBD (P = .011) responses 2 weeks after primary vaccination series compared with responses among CMV seronegative (CMV-) HCWs, adjusting for age, sex, and race. Among NH residents without prior SARS-CoV-2 infection, Wuhan-neutralizing Ab titers were similar 2 weeks after primary series but were reduced 6 months later (P = .012) between CMV+ and CMV- subjects. Wuhan-neutralizing Ab titers from CMV+ NH residents who had prior SARS-CoV-2 infection consistently trended lower than titers from SARS-CoV-2 experienced CMV- donors. These impaired Ab responses in CMV+ versus CMV- individuals were not observed after booster vaccination or with prior SARS-CoV-2 infection. Conclusions Latent CMV infection adversely affects vaccine-induced responsiveness to SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, a neoantigen not previously encountered, in both HCWs and NH residents. Multiple antigenic challenges may be required for optimal mRNA vaccine immunogenicity in CMV+ adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael L Freeman
- Correspondence: M. L. Freeman, PhD, Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, 2109 Adelbert Rd., BRB 1034, Cleveland, OH 44106 (); D. H. Canaday, MD, Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, 2109 Adelbert Rd., BRB 1025, Cleveland, OH 44106 ()
| | - Oladayo A Oyebanji
- Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Daniela Moisi
- Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Michael Payne
- Center for Global Health and Diseases, Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Maegan L Sheehan
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Jürgen Bosch
- Department of Health Services, Policy, and Practice, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Christopher L King
- Center for Global Health and Diseases, Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Stefan Gravenstein
- Department of Health Services, Policy, and Practice, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island, USA,Center on Innovation in Long-Term Services and Supports, Providence Veterans Administration Medical Center, Providence, Rhode Island, USA,Division of Geriatrics and Palliative Medicine, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Michael M Lederman
- Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - David H Canaday
- Correspondence: M. L. Freeman, PhD, Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, 2109 Adelbert Rd., BRB 1034, Cleveland, OH 44106 (); D. H. Canaday, MD, Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, 2109 Adelbert Rd., BRB 1025, Cleveland, OH 44106 ()
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13
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Mouton W, Conrad A, Alcazer V, Boccard M, Bodinier M, Oriol G, Subtil F, Labussière-Wallet H, Ducastelle-Lepretre S, Barraco F, Balsat M, Fossard G, Brengel-Pesce K, Ader F, Trouillet-Assant S. Distinct Immune Reconstitution Profiles Captured by Immune Functional Assays at 6 Months Post Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation. Transplant Cell Ther 2023; 29:94.e1-94.e13. [PMID: 36336259 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtct.2022.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Immune reconstitution after allogeneic-hematopoietic-stem-cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is a complex and individual process. In this cross-sectional study, whole-blood (WB) immune functional assay (IFA) was used to characterize immune function by assessing immune-related gene/pathway alterations. The usefulness of this tool in the context of infection, 6 months after transplantation, was evaluated. Sixty allo-HSCT recipients at 6 months after transplantation and 10 healthy volunteers (HV) were included. WB was stimulated in standardized TruCulture tubes using lipopolysaccharides and Staphylococcal enterotoxin B. Gene expression was quantified using a custom 144-gene panel using NanoString nCounter technology and analyzed using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis. The relationships between immune function and clinical characteristics, immune cell counts, and post-transplantation infections were assessed. Allo-HSCT recipients were able to activate similar networks of the innate and adaptive immune response compared to HV, with, nevertheless, a lower intensity. A reduced number and a lower expression of genes associated with immunoregulatory and inflammatory processes were observed in allo-HSCT recipients. The use of immunosuppressive treatments was associated with a protracted immune reconstitution revealed by transcriptomic immunoprofiling. No difference in immune cell counts was observed among patients receiving or not receiving immunosuppressive treatments using a large immunophenotyping panel. Moreover, the expression of a set of genes, including CCL3/CCL4, was significantly lower in patients with Herpesviridae reactivation (32%, 19/60), which once again was not identified using classical immune cell counts. Transcriptional IFA revealed the heterogeneity among allo-HSCT recipients with a reduced immune function, a result that could not be captured by circulating immune cell counts. This highlights the potential added value of this tool for the personalized care of immunocompromised patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Mouton
- Joint Research Unit Hospices Civils de Lyon-bioMérieux, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon Sud Hospital, Pierre-Bénite, France; Virology and Human Pathology - Virpath Team, International Centre for Research in Infectiology (CIRI), Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, Lyon, France
| | - Anne Conrad
- Legionella Pathogenesis Team, International Centre for Research in Infectiology (CIRI), Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, Lyon, France; Infectious and Tropical Diseases Department, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Croix-Rousse Hospital, Lyon, France; Claude Bernard Lyon I University, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Vincent Alcazer
- Clinical Hematology Department, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon Sud Hospital, Pierre-Bénite, France; LIB TEAM, International Centre for Research in Infectiology (CIRI), Oullins, France
| | - Mathilde Boccard
- Joint Research Unit Hospices Civils de Lyon-bioMérieux, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon Sud Hospital, Pierre-Bénite, France; Legionella Pathogenesis Team, International Centre for Research in Infectiology (CIRI), Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, Lyon, France; Infectious and Tropical Diseases Department, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Croix-Rousse Hospital, Lyon, France
| | - Maxime Bodinier
- Joint Research Unit Hospices Civils de Lyon-bioMérieux, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon Sud Hospital, Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Guy Oriol
- Joint Research Unit Hospices Civils de Lyon-bioMérieux, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon Sud Hospital, Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Fabien Subtil
- Biostatistics Department, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon France, Lyon 1 University, Villeurbanne, France; CNRS, Biometrics and Evolutionary Biology Laboratory UMR, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Hélène Labussière-Wallet
- Clinical Hematology Department, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon Sud Hospital, Pierre-Bénite, France
| | | | - Fiorenza Barraco
- Clinical Hematology Department, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon Sud Hospital, Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Marie Balsat
- Clinical Hematology Department, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon Sud Hospital, Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Gaëlle Fossard
- Clinical Hematology Department, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon Sud Hospital, Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Karen Brengel-Pesce
- Joint Research Unit Hospices Civils de Lyon-bioMérieux, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon Sud Hospital, Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Florence Ader
- Legionella Pathogenesis Team, International Centre for Research in Infectiology (CIRI), Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, Lyon, France; Infectious and Tropical Diseases Department, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Croix-Rousse Hospital, Lyon, France; Claude Bernard Lyon I University, Villeurbanne, France.
| | - Sophie Trouillet-Assant
- Joint Research Unit Hospices Civils de Lyon-bioMérieux, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon Sud Hospital, Pierre-Bénite, France; Virology and Human Pathology - Virpath Team, International Centre for Research in Infectiology (CIRI), Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, Lyon, France
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14
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Proietto D, Dallan B, Gallerani E, Albanese V, Llewellyn-Lacey S, Price DA, Appay V, Pacifico S, Caputo A, Nicoli F, Gavioli R. Ageing Curtails the Diversity and Functionality of Nascent CD8 + T Cell Responses against SARS-CoV-2. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11010154. [PMID: 36679999 PMCID: PMC9867380 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11010154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related changes in the immune system are thought to underlie the vulnerability of elderly individuals to emerging viral diseases, such as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In this study, we used a fully validated in vitro approach to determine how age impacts the generation of de novo CD8+ T cell responses against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of COVID-19. Our data revealed a generalized deficit in the ability of elderly individuals to prime the differentiation of naïve precursors into effector CD8+ T cells defined by the expression of interferon (IFN)-γ and the transcription factor T-bet. As a consequence, there was an age-related decline in the diversity of newly generated CD8+ T cell responses targeting a range of typically immunodominant epitopes derived from SARS-CoV-2, accompanied by an overall reduction in the expression frequency of IFN-γ. These findings have potential implications for the development of new strategies to protect the elderly against COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Proietto
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44123 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Beatrice Dallan
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44123 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Eleonora Gallerani
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44123 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Valentina Albanese
- Department of Environment and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44123 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Sian Llewellyn-Lacey
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - David A. Price
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
- Systems Immunity Research Institute, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Victor Appay
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS UMR 5164, INSERM ERL 1303, ImmunoConcEpT, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Salvatore Pacifico
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44123 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Antonella Caputo
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44123 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Francesco Nicoli
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44123 Ferrara, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Riccardo Gavioli
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44123 Ferrara, Italy
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15
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Abstract
There is increasingly compelling evidence that microorganisms may play an etiological role in the emergence of mental illness in a subset of the population. Historically, most work has focused on the neurotrophic herpesviruses, herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), cytomegalovirus (CMV), and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) as well as the protozoan, Toxoplasma gondii. In this chapter, we provide an umbrella review of this literature and additionally highlight prospective studies that allow more mechanistic conclusions to be drawn. Next, we focus on clinical trials of anti-microbial medications for the treatment of psychiatric disorders. We critically evaluate six trials that tested the impact of anti-herpes medications on inflammatory outcomes in the context of a medical disorder, nine clinical trials utilizing anti-herpetic medications for the treatment of myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) or schizophrenia, and four clinical trials utilizing anti-parasitic medications for the treatment of schizophrenia. We then turn our attention to evidence for a gut dysbiosis and altered microbiome in psychiatric disorders, and the potential therapeutic effects of probiotics, including an analysis of more than 10 randomized controlled trials of probiotics in the context of schizophrenia, bipolar disorder (BD), and major depressive disorder (MDD).
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16
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Verschoor CP, Belsky DW, Andrew MK, Haynes L, Loeb M, Pawelec G, McElhaney JE, Kuchel GA. Advanced biological age is associated with improved antibody responses in older high-dose influenza vaccine recipients over four consecutive seasons. Immun Ageing 2022; 19:39. [PMID: 35999604 PMCID: PMC9396565 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-022-00296-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Biological aging represents a loss of integrity and functionality of physiological systems over time. While associated with an enhanced risk of adverse outcomes such as hospitalization, disability and death following infection, its role in perceived age-related declines in vaccine responses has yet to be fully elucidated. Using data and biosamples from a 4-year clinical trial comparing immune responses of standard- and high-dose influenza vaccination, we quantified biological age (BA) prior to vaccination in adults over 65 years old (n = 292) using a panel of ten serological biomarkers (albumin, alanine aminotransferase, creatinine, ferritin, free thyroxine, cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, triglycerides, tumour necrosis factor, interleukin-6) as implemented in the BioAge R package. Hemagglutination inhibition antibody titres against influenza A/H1N1, A/H3N2 and B were quantified prior to vaccination and 4-, 10- and 20- weeks post-vaccination. Results Counter to our hypothesis, advanced BA was associated with improved post-vaccination antibody titres against the different viral types and subtypes. However, this was dependent on both vaccine dose and CMV serostatus, as associations were only apparent for high-dose recipients (d = 0.16–0.26), and were largely diminished for CMV positive high-dose recipients. Conclusions These findings emphasize two important points: first, the loss of physiological integrity related to biological aging may not be a ubiquitous driver of immune decline in older adults; and second, latent factors such as CMV infection (prevalent in up to 90% of older adults worldwide) may contribute to the heterogeneity in vaccine responses of older adults more than previously thought. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12979-022-00296-7.
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Fulop T, Larbi A, Pawelec G, Cohen AA, Provost G, Khalil A, Lacombe G, Rodrigues S, Desroches M, Hirokawa K, Franceschi C, Witkowski JM. Immunosenescence and Altered Vaccine Efficiency in Older Subjects: A Myth Difficult to Change. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10040607. [PMID: 35455356 PMCID: PMC9030923 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10040607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Organismal ageing is associated with many physiological changes, including differences in the immune system of most animals. These differences are often considered to be a key cause of age-associated diseases as well as decreased vaccine responses in humans. The most often cited vaccine failure is seasonal influenza, but, while it is usually the case that the efficiency of this vaccine is lower in older than younger adults, this is not always true, and the reasons for the differential responses are manifold. Undoubtedly, changes in the innate and adaptive immune response with ageing are associated with failure to respond to the influenza vaccine, but the cause is unclear. Moreover, recent advances in vaccine formulations and adjuvants, as well as in our understanding of immune changes with ageing, have contributed to the development of vaccines, such as those against herpes zoster and SARS-CoV-2, that can protect against serious disease in older adults just as well as in younger people. In the present article, we discuss the reasons why it is a myth that vaccines inevitably protect less well in older individuals, and that vaccines represent one of the most powerful means to protect the health and ensure the quality of life of older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamas Fulop
- Research Center on Aging, Geriatric Division, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada; (A.K.); (G.L.)
- Correspondence: (T.F.); (S.R.)
| | - Anis Larbi
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Immunos Building, Singapore 138648, Singapore;
| | - Graham Pawelec
- Department of Immunology, University of Tübingen, 72072 Tübingen, Germany;
- Health Sciences North Research Institute, Sudbury, ON P3E 2H2, Canada
| | - Alan A. Cohen
- Groupe de Recherche PRIMUS, Department of Family Medicine, University of Sherbrooke, 3001 12e Ave N, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada;
| | | | - Abedelouahed Khalil
- Research Center on Aging, Geriatric Division, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada; (A.K.); (G.L.)
| | - Guy Lacombe
- Research Center on Aging, Geriatric Division, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada; (A.K.); (G.L.)
| | - Serafim Rodrigues
- Ikerbasque, The Basque Foundation for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Spain;
- BCAM—The Basque Center for Applied Mathematics, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
- Correspondence: (T.F.); (S.R.)
| | - Mathieu Desroches
- MathNeuro Team, Inria Sophia Antipolis Méditerranée, CEDEX, 06902 Sophia Antipolis, France;
- The Jean Alexandre Dieudonné Laboratory, Université Côte d’Azur, CEDEX 2, 06108 Nice, France
| | - Katsuiku Hirokawa
- Institute of Health and Life Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan;
| | - Claudio Franceschi
- IRCCS Institute of Neurological Sciences of Bologna, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Laboratory of Systems Biology of Healthy Aging, Lobachevsky State University, 603000 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Jacek M. Witkowski
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland;
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Pawelec G. Latent CMV makes older adults less naïve. EBioMedicine 2022; 77:103887. [PMID: 35182997 PMCID: PMC8857661 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.103887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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