1
|
Rani A, Stadler JT, Marsche G. HDL-based therapeutics: A promising frontier in combating viral and bacterial infections. Pharmacol Ther 2024; 260:108684. [PMID: 38964560 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2024.108684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Low levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and impaired HDL functionality have been consistently associated with increased susceptibility to infection and its serious consequences. This has been attributed to the critical role of HDL in maintaining cellular lipid homeostasis, which is essential for the proper functioning of immune and structural cells. HDL, a multifunctional particle, exerts pleiotropic effects in host defense against pathogens. It functions as a natural nanoparticle, capable of sequestering and neutralizing potentially harmful substances like bacterial lipopolysaccharides. HDL possesses antiviral activity, preventing viruses from entering or fusing with host cells, thereby halting their replication cycle. Understanding the complex relationship between HDL and the immune system may reveal innovative targets for developing new treatments to combat infectious diseases and improve patient outcomes. This review aims to emphasize the role of HDL in influencing the course of bacterial and viral infections and its and its therapeutic potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alankrita Rani
- Division of Pharmacology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstrasse 6, 8010 Graz, Styria, Austria
| | - Julia T Stadler
- Division of Pharmacology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstrasse 6, 8010 Graz, Styria, Austria
| | - Gunther Marsche
- Division of Pharmacology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstrasse 6, 8010 Graz, Styria, Austria; BioTechMed-Graz, Mozartgasse 12/II, 8010 Graz, Styria, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Guo S, Dong Q, Zhang M, Tu L, Yan Y, Guo S. Lower serum LDL-C levels are associated with poor prognosis in severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome: a single-center retrospective cohort study. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1412263. [PMID: 38979536 PMCID: PMC11229679 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1412263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging infectious disease triggered by a novel bunyavirus (SFTSV). Characterized by fever, thrombocytopenia, leukocytopenia, and multiple organ dysfunction manifestations, its primary mode of transmission is through tick bites. Despite the critical role of lipid metabolism in viral infections, the role of lipids in SFTS remains unclear. Methods This retrospective study analyzed 602 patients with SFTS treated at the Shandong Public Health Clinical Center from January 2021 to December 2023. Based on the endpoint events, patients were classified into survival (S) and death (D) groups. The S group was further classified into non-critical (non-C) and critical (C) groups based on symptoms. All patients were followed up for at least 28 days after admission. Propensity score matching, multivariable logistic regression, survival analysis, time trend analysis, and mediation analysis were conducted to assess the association between LDL-C levels and prognosis in SFTS. Results The serum LDL-C levels on admission were significantly lower in the D and C groups than in the S and non-C groups. The logistic regression models indicated a potential association between LDL-C levels and a poor prognosis in SFTS. The restricted cubic spline showed a unidirectional trend between LDL-C levels and mortality, with a cutoff value of 1.59 mmol/L. The survival analysis revealed higher and earlier mortality in the low-LDL-C group than in the high-LDL-C group. The trends over 28 days post-admission showed that the serum LDL-C levels gradually increased in SFTS, with a favorable prognosis. Finally, the mediation analysis indicated that low LDL-C levels are associated with mortality through poor hepatic, cardiac, and coagulation functions. Conclusion Low LDL-C levels are potentially associated with a poor prognosis in SFTS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Guo
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Qing Dong
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shandong Public Health Clinical Center, Jinan, China
| | - Maomei Zhang
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Lirui Tu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shandong Public Health Clinical Center, Jinan, China
| | - Yunjun Yan
- Jinan Dian Medical Laboratory Co., Ltd., Jinan, China
| | - Shougang Guo
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Shao HH, Yin RX. Pathogenic mechanisms of cardiovascular damage in COVID-19. Mol Med 2024; 30:92. [PMID: 38898389 PMCID: PMC11186295 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-024-00855-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 is a new infectious disease caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS CoV-2). Since the outbreak in December 2019, it has caused an unprecedented world pandemic, leading to a global human health crisis. Although SARS CoV-2 mainly affects the lungs, causing interstitial pneumonia and severe acute respiratory distress syndrome, a number of patients often have extensive clinical manifestations, such as gastrointestinal symptoms, cardiovascular damage and renal dysfunction. PURPOSE This review article discusses the pathogenic mechanisms of cardiovascular damage in COVID-19 patients and provides some useful suggestions for future clinical diagnosis, treatment and prevention. METHODS An English-language literature search was conducted in PubMed and Web of Science databases up to 12th April, 2024 for the terms "COVID-19", "SARS CoV-2", "cardiovascular damage", "myocardial injury", "myocarditis", "hypertension", "arrhythmia", "heart failure" and "coronary heart disease", especially update articles in 2023 and 2024. Salient medical literatures regarding the cardiovascular damage of COVID-19 were selected, extracted and synthesized. RESULTS The most common cardiovascular damage was myocarditis and pericarditis, hypertension, arrhythmia, myocardial injury and heart failure, coronary heart disease, stress cardiomyopathy, ischemic stroke, blood coagulation abnormalities, and dyslipidemia. Two important pathogenic mechanisms of the cardiovascular damage may be direct viral cytotoxicity as well as indirect hyperimmune responses of the body to SARS CoV-2 infection. CONCLUSIONS Cardiovascular damage in COVID-19 patients is common and portends a worse prognosis. Although the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms of cardiovascular damage related to COVID-19 are not completely clear, two important pathogenic mechanisms of cardiovascular damage may be the direct damage of the SARSCoV-2 infection and the indirect hyperimmune responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Hua Shao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, HIV/AIDS Clinical Treatment Center of Guangxi (Nanning), The Fourth People's Hospital of Nanning, No. 1 Erli, Changgang Road, Nanning, Guangxi, 530023, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui-Xing Yin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, HIV/AIDS Clinical Treatment Center of Guangxi (Nanning), The Fourth People's Hospital of Nanning, No. 1 Erli, Changgang Road, Nanning, Guangxi, 530023, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, 6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhang J, Meng Y, Yang M, Hao W, Liu J, Wu L, Yu X, Zhang Y, Lin B, Xie C, Ge L, Zhijie Zhang, Tong W, Chang Q, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Qin X. A prospective cohort-based artificial intelligence evaluation system for the protective efficacy and immune response of SARS-CoV-2 inactivated vaccines. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 134:112141. [PMID: 38733819 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Novel coronaviruses constitute a significant health threat, prompting the adoption of vaccination as the primary preventive measure. However, current evaluations of immune response and vaccine efficacy are deemed inadequate. OBJECTIVES The study sought to explore the evolving dynamics of immune response at various vaccination time points and during breakthrough infections. It aimed to elucidate the synergistic effects of epidemiological factors, humoral immunity, and cellular immunity. Additionally, regression curves were used to determine the correlation between the protective efficacy of the vaccine and the stimulated immune response. METHODS Employing LASSO for high-dimensional data analysis, the study utilised four machine learning algorithms-logistical regression, random forest, LGBM classifier, and AdaBoost classifier-to comprehensively assess the immune response following booster vaccination. RESULTS Neutralising antibody levels exhibited a rapid surge post-booster, escalating to 102.38 AU/mL at one week and peaking at 298.02 AU/mL at two weeks. Influential factors such as sex, age, disease history, and smoking status significantly impacted post-booster antibody levels. The study further constructed regression curves for neutralising antibodies, non-switched memory B cells, CD4+T cells, and CD8+T cells using LASSO combined with the random forest algorithm. CONCLUSION The establishment of an artificial intelligence evaluation system emerges as pivotal for predicting breakthrough infection prognosis after the COVID-19 booster vaccination. This research underscores the intricate interplay between various components of immunity and external factors, elucidating key insights to enhance vaccine effectiveness. 3D modelling discerned distinctive interactions between humoral and cellular immunity within prognostic groups (Class 0-2). This underscores the critical role of the synergistic effect of humoral immunity, cellular immunity, and epidemiological factors in determining the protective efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines post-booster administration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Meng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Mei Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Wudi Hao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianhua Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Lina Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojun Yu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Baoxu Lin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Chonghong Xie
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Lili Ge
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhijie Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiwei Tong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Chang
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Yixiao Zhang
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaosong Qin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ochoa-Ramírez LA, De la Herrán Arita AK, Sanchez-Zazueta JG, Ríos-Burgueño E, Murillo-Llanes J, De Jesús-González LA, Farfan-Morales CN, Cordero-Rivera CD, Del Ángel RM, Romero-Utrilla A, Camberos-Barraza J, Valdez-Flores MA, Camacho-Zamora A, Batiz-Beltrán JC, Angulo-Rojo C, Guadrón-Llanos AM, Picos-Cárdenas VJ, Norzagaray-Valenzuela CD, Rábago-Monzón ÁR, Velarde-Félix JS, Reyes-Ruiz JM, Osuna-Ramos JF. Association between lipid profile and clinical outcomes in COVID-19 patients. Sci Rep 2024; 14:12139. [PMID: 38802549 PMCID: PMC11130121 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62899-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) removes cholesterol, an essential component in lipid rafts, and this cholesterol removal can regulate protein attachment to lipid rafts, modulating their functionality in the immune cell response. Although severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection can alter the lipid profile, there is little information on the role of HDL-c and other lipids in prognostic of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Mexican population. This study aims to evaluate the predictive value of HDL-c and lipid profile on severity and survival of 102 patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 during the COVID-19 first wave. Our findings, derived from univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression models, highlighted age and hypertension as significant predictors of survival (HR = 1.04, p = 0.012; HR = 2.78, p = 0.027), while gender, diabetes, and obesity showed no significant impact. Triglycerides and HDL-c levels notably influenced mortality, with elevated triglycerides and lower HDL-c associated with higher mortality risk (p = 0.032). This study underscores the importance of lipid profiles alongside traditional risk factors in assessing COVID-19 risk and outcomes. It contributes to the understanding of COVID-19 patient management and emphasizes the need for further investigation into the role of dyslipidemia in influencing COVID-19 prognosis, potentially aiding in refined risk stratification and therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luis Antonio Ochoa-Ramírez
- Hospital General de Culiacán "Bernardo J. Gastelum", Servicios de Salud de Sinaloa, Culiacán, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | | | | | - Efrén Ríos-Burgueño
- Departamento de Anatomía Patológica, Centro de Investigación y Docencia en Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Hospital Civil de Culiacán, Culiacán, Mexico
| | - Joel Murillo-Llanes
- Departamento de Investigación del Hospital de la Mujer, Servicios de Salud de Sinaloa, Culiacán, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | | | - Carlos Noe Farfan-Morales
- Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Cuajimalpa, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Carlos Daniel Cordero-Rivera
- Departamento de Infectómica y Patogénesis Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Rosa María Del Ángel
- Departamento de Infectómica y Patogénesis Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Alejandra Romero-Utrilla
- Departamento de Anatomía Patológica, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Culiacán, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | | | | | | | | | - Carla Angulo-Rojo
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | | | | | | | | | - Jesús Salvador Velarde-Félix
- Hospital General de Culiacán "Bernardo J. Gastelum", Servicios de Salud de Sinaloa, Culiacán, Sinaloa, Mexico
- Facultad de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - José Manuel Reyes-Ruiz
- Departamento de Investigación en Salud, Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad, Hospital de Especialidades No. 14, Centro Médico Nacional "Adolfo Ruiz Cortines", Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Veracruz, Mexico.
- Facultad de Medicina, Región Veracruz, Universidad Veracruzana (UV), Veracruz, Mexico.
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Stadler JT, Habisch H, Prüller F, Mangge H, Bärnthaler T, Kargl J, Pammer A, Holzer M, Meissl S, Rani A, Madl T, Marsche G. HDL-Related Parameters and COVID-19 Mortality: The Importance of HDL Function. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:2009. [PMID: 38001862 PMCID: PMC10669705 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12112009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, emerged as a global pandemic in late 2019, resulting in significant global public health challenges. The emerging evidence suggests that diminished high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels are associated with the severity of COVID-19, beyond inflammation and oxidative stress. Here, we used nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to compare the lipoprotein and metabolic profiles of COVID-19-infected patients with non-COVID-19 pneumonia. We compared the control group and the COVID-19 group using inflammatory markers to ensure that the differences in lipoprotein levels were due to COVID-19 infection. Our analyses revealed supramolecular phospholipid composite (SPC), phenylalanine, and HDL-related parameters as key discriminators between COVID-19-positive and non-COVID-19 pneumonia patients. More specifically, the levels of HDL parameters, including apolipoprotein A-I (ApoA-I), ApoA-II, HDL cholesterol, and HDL phospholipids, were significantly different. These findings underscore the potential impact of HDL-related factors in patients with COVID-19. Significantly, among the HDL-related metrics, the cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC) displayed the strongest negative association with COVID-19 mortality. CEC is a measure of how well HDL removes cholesterol from cells, which may affect the way SARS-CoV-2 enters cells. In summary, this study validates previously established markers of COVID-19 infection and further highlights the potential significance of HDL functionality in the context of COVID-19 mortality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia T. Stadler
- Division of Pharmacology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6, 8010 Graz, Austria; (J.T.S.); (T.B.); (J.K.); (A.P.); (M.H.); (S.M.); (A.R.)
| | - Hansjörg Habisch
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6, 8010 Graz, Austria; (H.H.); (T.M.)
| | - Florian Prüller
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, 8036 Graz, Austria;
| | - Harald Mangge
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, 8036 Graz, Austria;
| | - Thomas Bärnthaler
- Division of Pharmacology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6, 8010 Graz, Austria; (J.T.S.); (T.B.); (J.K.); (A.P.); (M.H.); (S.M.); (A.R.)
| | - Julia Kargl
- Division of Pharmacology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6, 8010 Graz, Austria; (J.T.S.); (T.B.); (J.K.); (A.P.); (M.H.); (S.M.); (A.R.)
- BioTechMed Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Anja Pammer
- Division of Pharmacology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6, 8010 Graz, Austria; (J.T.S.); (T.B.); (J.K.); (A.P.); (M.H.); (S.M.); (A.R.)
| | - Michael Holzer
- Division of Pharmacology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6, 8010 Graz, Austria; (J.T.S.); (T.B.); (J.K.); (A.P.); (M.H.); (S.M.); (A.R.)
| | - Sabine Meissl
- Division of Pharmacology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6, 8010 Graz, Austria; (J.T.S.); (T.B.); (J.K.); (A.P.); (M.H.); (S.M.); (A.R.)
| | - Alankrita Rani
- Division of Pharmacology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6, 8010 Graz, Austria; (J.T.S.); (T.B.); (J.K.); (A.P.); (M.H.); (S.M.); (A.R.)
| | - Tobias Madl
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6, 8010 Graz, Austria; (H.H.); (T.M.)
- BioTechMed Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Gunther Marsche
- Division of Pharmacology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6, 8010 Graz, Austria; (J.T.S.); (T.B.); (J.K.); (A.P.); (M.H.); (S.M.); (A.R.)
- BioTechMed Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Burnap SA, Ortega-Prieto AM, Jimenez-Guardeño JM, Ali H, Takov K, Fish M, Shankar-Hari M, Giacca M, Malim MH, Mayr M. Cross-Linking Mass Spectrometry Uncovers Interactions Between High-Density Lipoproteins and the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein. Mol Cell Proteomics 2023; 22:100600. [PMID: 37343697 PMCID: PMC10279469 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2023.100600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
High-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels are reduced in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and the extent of this reduction is associated with poor clinical outcomes. While lipoproteins are known to play a key role during the life cycle of the hepatitis C virus, their influence on coronavirus (CoV) infections is poorly understood. In this study, we utilize cross-linking mass spectrometry (XL-MS) to determine circulating protein interactors of the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein. XL-MS of plasma isolated from patients with COVID-19 uncovered HDL protein interaction networks, dominated by acute-phase serum amyloid proteins, whereby serum amyloid A2 was shown to bind to apolipoprotein (Apo) D. XL-MS on isolated HDL confirmed ApoD to interact with SARS-CoV-2 spike but not SARS-CoV-1 spike. Other direct interactions of SARS-CoV-2 spike upon HDL included ApoA1 and ApoC3. The interaction between ApoD and spike was further validated in cells using immunoprecipitation-MS, which uncovered a novel interaction between both ApoD and spike with membrane-associated progesterone receptor component 1. Mechanistically, XL-MS coupled with data-driven structural modeling determined that ApoD may interact within the receptor-binding domain of the spike. However, ApoD overexpression in multiple cell-based assays had no effect upon viral replication or infectivity. Thus, SARS-CoV-2 spike can bind to apolipoproteins on HDL, but these interactions do not appear to alter infectivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sean A Burnap
- Department of Chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; The Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin Building, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, London, UK.
| | - Ana Maria Ortega-Prieto
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Jose M Jimenez-Guardeño
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Hashim Ali
- King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, London, UK; Division of Virology, Department of Pathology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kaloyan Takov
- King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, London, UK
| | - Matthew Fish
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK; Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Manu Shankar-Hari
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Institute of Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, NHS Lothian, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Mauro Giacca
- King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, London, UK
| | - Michael H Malim
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Manuel Mayr
- King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, London, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Abstract
COVID-19 infections decrease total cholesterol, LDL-C, HDL-C, and apolipoprotein A-I, A-II, and B levels while triglyceride levels may be increased or inappropriately normal for the poor nutritional status. The degree of reduction in total cholesterol, LDL-C, HDL-C, and apolipoprotein A-I are predictive of mortality. With recovery lipid/lipoprotein levels return towards pre-infection levels and studies have even suggested an increased risk of dyslipidemia post-COVID-19 infection. The potential mechanisms for these changes in lipid and lipoprotein levels are discussed. Decreased HDL-C and apolipoprotein A-I levels measured many years prior to COVID-19 infections are associated with an increased risk of severe COVID-19 infections while LDL-C, apolipoprotein B, Lp (a), and triglyceride levels were not consistently associated with an increased risk. Finally, data suggest that omega-3-fatty acids and PCSK9 inhibitors may reduce the severity of COVID-19 infections. Thus, COVID-19 infections alter lipid/lipoprotein levels and HDL-C levels may affect the risk of developing COVID-19 infections.
Collapse
|
9
|
Li MH, Kulkarni R, Koizumi N, Andalibi A. The Association of the Levels of High-Density Lipoprotein and Apolipoprotein A1 with SARS-CoV-2 Infection and COVID-19 Severity: An Analysis of the N3C Database. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:852. [PMID: 37372137 DOI: 10.3390/biology12060852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
This study analyzed data from the National COVID Cohort Collaborative (N3C) database to investigate whether high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and its major protein component, apolipoprotein A1 (apoA1), are associated with severe COVID-19 sequelae, specifically acute kidney injury (AKI) and severe COVID-19 disease as defined by the infection resulting in hospitalization, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), invasive ventilation, or death. Our study included a total of 1,415,302 subjects with HDL values and 3589 subjects with apoA1 values. Higher levels of both HDL and apoA1 were associated with a lower incidence of infection as well as a lower incidence of severe disease. Higher HDL levels were also associated with a lower incidence of developing AKI. Most comorbidities were negatively correlated with SARS-CoV-2 infection, presumably due to the behavioral changes that occurred as a result of the precautions taken by individuals with underlying comorbidities. The presence of comorbidities, however, was associated with developing severe COVID-19 disease and AKI. African American and Hispanic populations experienced worse outcomes, including a higher incidence of infection and the development of severe disease, as well as AKI. Smoking and being male were associated with a lower incidence of infection, while they were risk factors for the development of severe disease and AKI. The results on cholesterol and diabetes drugs warrant further research, given that the database included multiple drugs in each category impeding for analysis of specific medications. Despite the current limitations in the N3C data, this study is the first to investigate the roles of HDL and apoA1 on the outcomes of COVID-19 using the US population data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Hao Li
- Schar School of Policy and Government, George Mason University, Arlington, VA 22201, USA
| | - Rajendra Kulkarni
- Schar School of Policy and Government, George Mason University, Arlington, VA 22201, USA
| | - Naoru Koizumi
- Schar School of Policy and Government, George Mason University, Arlington, VA 22201, USA
| | - Ali Andalibi
- College of Science, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Bolesławska I, Kowalówka M, Bolesławska-Król N, Przysławski J. Ketogenic Diet and Ketone Bodies as Clinical Support for the Treatment of SARS-CoV-2-Review of the Evidence. Viruses 2023; 15:1262. [PMID: 37376562 PMCID: PMC10326824 DOI: 10.3390/v15061262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the proposed nutritional therapies to support drug therapy in COVID-19 is the use of a ketogenic diet (KD) or ketone bodies. In this review, we summarized the evidence from tissue, animal, and human models and looked at the mechanisms of action of KD/ketone bodies against COVID-19. KD/ketone bodies were shown to be effective at the stage of virus entry into the host cell. The use of β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), by preventing the metabolic reprogramming associated with COVID-19 infection and improving mitochondrial function, reduced glycolysis in CD4+ lymphocytes and improved respiratory chain function, and could provide an alternative carbon source for oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). Through multiple mechanisms, the use of KD/ketone bodies supported the host immune response. In animal models, KD resulted in protection against weight loss and hypoxemia, faster recovery, reduced lung injury, and resulted in better survival of young mice. In humans, KD increased survival, reduced the need for hospitalization for COVID-19, and showed a protective role against metabolic abnormalities after COVID-19. It appears that the use of KD and ketone bodies may be considered as a clinical nutritional intervention to assist in the treatment of COVID-19, despite the fact that numerous studies indicate that SARS-CoV-2 infection alone may induce ketoacidosis. However, the use of such an intervention requires strong scientific validation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Bolesławska
- Department of Bromatology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznan, Poland; (M.K.); (J.P.)
| | - Magdalena Kowalówka
- Department of Bromatology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznan, Poland; (M.K.); (J.P.)
| | - Natasza Bolesławska-Król
- Student Society of Radiotherapy, Collegium Medicum, University of Zielona Gora, Zyta 28, 65-046 Zielona Góra, Poland;
| | - Juliusz Przysławski
- Department of Bromatology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznan, Poland; (M.K.); (J.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Jovandaric MZ, Dokic M, Babovic IR, Milicevic S, Dotlic J, Milosevic B, Culjic M, Andric L, Dimic N, Mitrovic O, Beleslin A, Nikolic J, Jestrovic Z, Babic S. The Significance of COVID-19 Diseases in Lipid Metabolism Pregnancy Women and Newborns. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315098. [PMID: 36499427 PMCID: PMC9736562 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2. Elderly people, people with immunodeficiency, autoimmune and malignant diseases, as well as people with chronic diseases have a higher risk of developing more severe forms of the disease. Pregnant women and children can becomesick, although more often they are only the carriers of the virus. Recent studies have indicated that infants can also be infected by SARS-CoV-2 and develop a severe form of the disease with a fatal outcome. Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) ina pregnant woman can affect the supply of oxygen to the fetus and initiate the mechanism of metabolic disorders of the fetus and newborn caused by asphyxia. The initial metabolic response of the newborn to the lack of oxygen in the tissues is the activation of anaerobic glycolysis in the tissues and an increase in the concentration of lactate and ketones. Lipid peroxidation, especially in nerve cells, is catalyzed by iron released from hemoglobin, transferrin and ferritin, whose release is induced by tissue acidosis and free oxygen radicals. Ferroptosis-inducing factors can directly or indirectly affect glutathione peroxidase through various pathways, resulting in a decrease in the antioxidant capacity and accumulation of lipid reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the cells, ultimately leading to oxidative cell stress, and finally, death. Conclusion: damage to the mitochondria as a result of lipid peroxidation caused by the COVID-19 disease can cause the death of a newborn and pregnant women as well as short time and long-time sequelae.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miljana Z. Jovandaric
- Department of Neonatology, Clinic for Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +381-11-366-35-86
| | - Milan Dokic
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Clinic for Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Medical Faculty, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivana R. Babovic
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Clinic for Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Medical Faculty, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Srboljub Milicevic
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Clinic for Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Medical Faculty, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Dotlic
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Clinic for Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Medical Faculty, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Branislav Milosevic
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Clinic for Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Medical Faculty, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Miljan Culjic
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Clinic for Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Luka Andric
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Clinic for Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nemanja Dimic
- Medical Faculty, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Clinic for Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, University Clinical Hospital Center “Dr Dragisa Misovic - DEDINJE”, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Olga Mitrovic
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Clinic for Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Beleslin
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Clinic for Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jovana Nikolic
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Clinic for Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Zorica Jestrovic
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Clinic for Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sandra Babic
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Clinic for Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Stadler JT, Mangge H, Rani A, Curcic P, Herrmann M, Prüller F, Marsche G. Low HDL Cholesterol Efflux Capacity Indicates a Fatal Course of COVID-19. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:1858. [PMID: 36290581 PMCID: PMC9598682 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11101858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasma membrane cholesterol is required for proper trafficking and localization of receptors that facilitate severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection. High-density lipoproteins (HDL) mobilize plasma membrane cholesterol, and HDL-cholesterol levels are associated with the severity of COVID-19 disease and mortality. However, HDL-cholesterol levels poorly reflect the function of this complex family of particles, and a detailed assessment of COVID-19-associated changes in HDL functionality and its prognostic value is lacking. In the present study, we assessed HDL cholesterol efflux capacity, HDL anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, and changes in HDL composition and metabolism in COVID-19 (n = 48) and non-COVID pneumonia patients (n = 32). COVID-19 infection markedly reduced the activity of lecithin-cholesteryl-acyltransferase and functional parameters of HDL, such as the cholesterol efflux capacity, arylesterase activity of paraoxonase 1, and anti-oxidative capacity of apoB-depleted serum when compared to non-COVID pneumonia at baseline, paralleled by markedly reduced levels of HDL-cholesterol. Of particular interest, low HDL cholesterol efflux capacity was associated with increased mortality risk in COVID-19 patients, independent of HDL-C levels. Our results highlight profound effects of COVID-19 infection on HDL function, metabolism, and composition. Low HDL cholesterol efflux capacity indicates a fatal course of COVID-19, independent of HDL-cholesterol levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia T. Stadler
- Division of Pharmacology, Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Medical University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 4, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Harald Mangge
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Alankrita Rani
- Division of Pharmacology, Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Medical University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 4, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Pero Curcic
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Markus Herrmann
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Florian Prüller
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Gunther Marsche
- Division of Pharmacology, Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Medical University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 4, 8010 Graz, Austria
| |
Collapse
|