1
|
Zhang Z, Lv Z, Zhang W, Guo M, Li C. A novel β-catenin from Apostichopus japonicus mediates Vibrio splendidus-induced inflammatory-like response. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 156:730-739. [PMID: 32311399 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.04.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
β-catenin, an adaptor molecule in Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, is associated with different physiological processes such as intestinal immune, apoptosis, and inflammation-associated response. However, the function of β-catenin is still largely unknown in Apostichopus japonicus. In the present study, we cloned and characterized β-catenin gene from A. japonicus by RNA-seq and RACE approaches. The complete sequence of Ajβ-catenin consisted of a 5' UTR of 166 bp, a 3' UTR of 501 bp and an ORF of 2433 bp encoding a protein of 810 amino acids. Ajβ-catenin has a GSK-β consensus phosphorylation site of 21 amino acids located at N-terminal region and twelve Armadillo/β-catenin-like repeat (ARM) domains from 145 to 671 aa. Spatial expression analysis revealed that Ajβ-catenin mRNA levels displayed higher abundance in intestine. For Vibrio splendidus challenged sea cucumber, Ajβ-catenin transcripts reached their peak at 6 h and remained at higher levels until 24 h post infection in comparison with that of the control group. GSK-3β inhibitor treatment could induce both Ajβ-catenin and the inflammatory factors expression. Ajβ-catenin silencing could also down-regulate inflammatory factors expression. These results collectively suggested that Ajβ-catenin was a novel molecule mediate V. splendidus-induced immune response of A. japonicus via regulating the inflammatory factors expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, PR China
| | - Zhimeng Lv
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, PR China
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, PR China
| | - Ming Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, PR China
| | - Chenghua Li
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sanchez-Hernandez JC, Cares XA, Pérez MA, Del Pino JN. Biochar increases pesticide-detoxifying carboxylesterases along earthworm burrows. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 667:761-768. [PMID: 30851609 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.02.402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Revised: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we examined whether synergistic effects of earthworms (Lumbricus terrestris) and pine needle-derived biochar result in biochar-coated burrows with enhanced carboxylesterase (CE) activity (a pesticide-detoxifying enzyme). Biochar was placed at the top of soil columns at two doses (2.5 and 5% w/w dry mass), with an additional biochar-free treatment as control. Carboxylesterase and dehydrogenase activities were measured in the burrow walls sampled at three depths (0-4, 8-12, and 18-22 cm). Biochar was recovered from these samples to confirm its vertical transport and enzymatic activation. We tested whether biochar protected CE activity against desiccation stress of burrow wall samples. Likewise, the role of earthworm mucus in stabilizing CE onto biochar surface was also investigated by measuring the enzyme activity in fresh biochar particles previously incubated in the presence of earthworm mucus and purified esterase. Finally, we checked for the sensitivity of biochar-bound CE activity against selected organophosphorus pesticides. The main results were: i) co-application of earthworms and biochar caused a significant increase of CE activity in the first 12 cm of the soil column, ii) recovered biochar particles displayed CE activity which was significantly higher in the particles collected from the bottom of columns, iii) soil desiccation decreased the enzymatic activity, although such effect depended on biochar treatment and column depth (22-77% inhibition). Nevertheless, CE activity still was higher in the samples from the 5%-biochar treatment than activity in control and 2.5%-biochar treatments, iv) earthworm mucus favored the retention of CE onto the biochar surface, and v) the activity of biochar-bound CE was sensitive to inhibition by chlorpyrifos-oxon. These results suggest that the joint application of L. terrestris and biochar may be a suitable vermiremediation strategy to inactivate OP pesticides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan C Sanchez-Hernandez
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, Institute of Environmental Science (ICAM), University of Castilla-La Mancha, 45071 Toledo, Spain.
| | - Ximena Andrade Cares
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, Institute of Environmental Science (ICAM), University of Castilla-La Mancha, 45071 Toledo, Spain
| | - Mariana Adrián Pérez
- Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, Institute of Environmental Science (ICAM), University of Castilla-La Mancha, 45071 Toledo, Spain
| | - Jesús Notario Del Pino
- Department of Animal Biology, Soil Science and Geology, University of La Laguna, Canary Islands, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ponsankar A, Vasantha-Srinivasan P, Senthil-Nathan S, Thanigaivel A, Edwin ES, Selin-Rani S, Kalaivani K, Hunter WB, Alessandro RT, Abdel-Megeed A, Paik CH, Duraipandiyan V, Al-Dhabi NA. Target and non-target toxicity of botanical insecticide derived from Couroupita guianensis L. flower against generalist herbivore, Spodoptera litura Fab. and an earthworm, Eisenia foetida Savigny. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2016; 133:260-270. [PMID: 27476000 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2016.06.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Revised: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Botanical insecticides may provide alternatives to synthetic insecticides for controlling Spodoptera litura (F.) and they are target specific, biodegradable, and harmless to mammals. Eight natural chemical compounds with larvicidal activity were identified from fraction F6 of C. guianensis flower extract. Probit analysis of 95% confidence level exposed an LC50 of 223ppm against S. litura third instar larvae. The growth and development of S. litura was affected in sub-lethal concentrations of fraction F6 (50, 100, 150 and 200ppm) compared to controls. Similarly nutritional indices values decreased significantly compared to controls. Fraction F6 also damaged the gut epithelial layer and brush border membrane (BBM). This study also resolved the effects of toxicity to non-target earthworm treated with fraction F6 and chemical pesticides (monotrophos and cypermethrin) and the results showed that fraction F6 had no harmful effect on E. fetida. Further, fraction F6 was eluted and sub fractions F6c (50ppm) showed high mortality against S. litura third instar larvae. Octacosane from fraction F6c was established and confirmed using IR spectrum and HPLC. The time of retention of fraction F6c was confirmed with the octacosane standard. Fraction F6 of C. guianensis extract caused dose-dependent mortality towards S. litura. Octacosane in fraction F6c was establish to be the prominent chemical compound associated with causing mortality but other compounds present in the fraction F6 were shown to be associated with changes in development of S. litura at low dosages. S. litura at low dosage. Therefore, these findings suggest that octacosane may be one of the major insecticidal compounds affecting S. litura survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Athirstam Ponsankar
- Division of Biopesticides and Environmental Toxicology, Sri Paramakalyani Centre for Excellence in Environmental Sciences, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Alwarkurichi, 627412 Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Prabhakaran Vasantha-Srinivasan
- Division of Biopesticides and Environmental Toxicology, Sri Paramakalyani Centre for Excellence in Environmental Sciences, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Alwarkurichi, 627412 Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sengottayan Senthil-Nathan
- Division of Biopesticides and Environmental Toxicology, Sri Paramakalyani Centre for Excellence in Environmental Sciences, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Alwarkurichi, 627412 Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Annamalai Thanigaivel
- Division of Biopesticides and Environmental Toxicology, Sri Paramakalyani Centre for Excellence in Environmental Sciences, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Alwarkurichi, 627412 Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Edward-Sam Edwin
- Division of Biopesticides and Environmental Toxicology, Sri Paramakalyani Centre for Excellence in Environmental Sciences, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Alwarkurichi, 627412 Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Selvaraj Selin-Rani
- Division of Biopesticides and Environmental Toxicology, Sri Paramakalyani Centre for Excellence in Environmental Sciences, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Alwarkurichi, 627412 Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kandaswamy Kalaivani
- Post Graduate and Research Department of Zoology, Sri Parasakthi College for Women, Courtrallam, 627802 Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Wayne B Hunter
- United States Department of Agriculture, U.S. Horticultural Research Laboratory, 2001 South Rock Road, Fort Pierce, FL 34945, USA
| | - Rocco T Alessandro
- Treasure Coast Chemistry Consultants, LLC 107 Lakes End Drive, Apt. B Ft. Pierce, FL 34982, USA
| | - Ahmed Abdel-Megeed
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Saba Basha, Alexandria University, P.O. Box 21531, Alexandria 21526, Egypt
| | - Chae-Hoon Paik
- Planning and Coordination Division, National Institute of Crop Science, 181, Hyeoksin-ro, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 565-851, Republic of Korea
| | - Veeramuthu Duraipandiyan
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Addiriyah Chair for Environmental Studies, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Naif Abdullah Al-Dhabi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Addiriyah Chair for Environmental Studies, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kračun-Kolarević M, Kolarević S, Atanacković A, Marković V, Gačić Z, Paunović M, Vuković-Gačić B. Effects of 5-Fluorouracil, Etoposide and CdCl 2 in Aquatic Oligochaeta Limnodrilus udekemianus Claparede (Tubificidae) Measured by Comet Assay. WATER, AIR, AND SOIL POLLUTION 2015; 226:242. [PMID: 27546921 PMCID: PMC4975764 DOI: 10.1007/s11270-015-2511-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Genotoxicity of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), etoposide (ET) and cadmium chloride (CdCl2) was evaluated in Limnodrilus udekemianus, cosmopolitan tubificid species, by alkaline single-cell gel electrophoresis (comet assay). Groups of 50 individuals were exposed in vivo in water-only short-term (96 h) tests to 5-FU (0.004, 0.04, 0.4, 4 and 40 μM), ET (0.004. 0.04, 0.4 and 4 μM) and CdCl2 (0.004, 0.04, 0.4, 4 and 40 μM). Mortality of worms was observed only for CdCl2 (4 and 40 μM). Cell viability lower than 70 % was detected for 5-FU (0.4, 4 and 40 μM), ET (4 μM) and CdCl2 (0.4 and 4 μM). All tested substances induced significant increase of DNA damage except 0.004 μM of ET. L. udekemianus being sensitive to all tested substances indicates that it can be used in ecogenotoxicology studies. Concern should be raised to cytostatics, especially to 5-FU, since concentration of 0.004 μM induced DNA damage is similar to ones detected in wastewaters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Margareta Kračun-Kolarević
- Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”, University of Belgrade, 142 Despota Stefana, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Stoimir Kolarević
- Center for Genotoxicology and Ecogenotoxicology, Chair of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ana Atanacković
- Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”, University of Belgrade, 142 Despota Stefana, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vanja Marković
- Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”, University of Belgrade, 142 Despota Stefana, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Zoran Gačić
- Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, University of Belgrade, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Momir Paunović
- Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”, University of Belgrade, 142 Despota Stefana, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Branka Vuković-Gačić
- Center for Genotoxicology and Ecogenotoxicology, Chair of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Irizar A, Duarte D, Guilhermino L, Marigómez I, Soto M. Optimization of NRU assay in primary cultures of Eisenia fetida for metal toxicity assessment. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2014; 23:1326-1335. [PMID: 25011921 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-014-1275-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Coelomocytes, immunocompetent cells of lumbricids, have received special attention for ecotoxicological studies due to their sensibility to pollutants. Their in vitro responses are commonly quantified after in vivo exposure to real or spiked soils. Alternatively, quantifications of in vitro responses after in vitro exposure are being studied. Within this framework, the present study aimed at optimizing the neutral red uptake (NRU) assay in primary culture of Eisenia fetida coelomocytes for its application in soil toxicity testing. Optimized assay conditions were: earthworm depuration for 24 h before retrieving coelomocytes by electric extrusion; 2 × 10(5) seeded cells/well (200 µl) for the NRU assay and incubation for 1 h with neutral red dye. Supplementation of the culture medium with serum was not compatible with the NRU assay, but coelomocytes could be maintained with high viability for 3 days in a serum-free medium without replenishment. Thus, primary cultures were used for 24 h in vitro toxicity testing after exposure to different concentrations of Cd, Cu, Ni and Pb (ranging from 0.1 to 100 μg/ml). Primary cultures were sensitive to metals, the viability declining in a dose-dependent manner. The toxicity rank was, from high to low, Pb > Ni > Cd > Cu. Therefore, it can be concluded that the NRU assay in coelomocytes in primary cultures provides a sensitive and prompt response after in vitro exposure to metals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amaia Irizar
- Cell Biology & Environmental Toxicology Research Group, Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology & Biotechnology (PIE) & Zoology & Animal Cell Biology Department (Faculty of Science & Technology), University of the Basque Country, P.O. 11 Box 644, 48080, Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kwak JI, Lee WM, Kim SW, An YJ. Interaction of citrate-coated silver nanoparticles with earthworm coelomic fluid and related cytotoxicity inEisenia andrei. J Appl Toxicol 2014; 34:1145-54. [DOI: 10.1002/jat.2993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2013] [Revised: 12/24/2013] [Accepted: 12/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Il Kwak
- Department of Environmental Health Science; Konkuk University; 1 Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu Seoul 143-701 Korea
| | - Woo-Mi Lee
- Department of Environmental Health Science; Konkuk University; 1 Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu Seoul 143-701 Korea
| | - Shin Woong Kim
- Department of Environmental Health Science; Konkuk University; 1 Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu Seoul 143-701 Korea
| | - Youn-Joo An
- Department of Environmental Health Science; Konkuk University; 1 Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu Seoul 143-701 Korea
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Rorat A, Kachamakova-Trojanowska N, Jozkowicz A, Kruk J, Cocquerelle C, Vandenbulcke F, Santocki M, Plytycz B. Coelomocyte-derived fluorescence and DNA markers of composting earthworm species. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 321:28-40. [DOI: 10.1002/jez.1834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2013] [Revised: 07/16/2013] [Accepted: 09/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Rorat
- Institute of Environmental Engineering; Czestochowa University of Technology; Czestochowa Poland
- Laboratoire de Génie Civil et Géo-Environnement; University Lille Nord de France; Lille France
| | | | - Alicja Jozkowicz
- Faculty of Biochemistry; Biophysics and Biotechnology; Jagiellonian University; Cracow Poland
| | - Jerzy Kruk
- Institute of Zoology; Jagiellonian University; Cracow Poland
| | - Claude Cocquerelle
- Laboratoire de Génie Civil et Géo-Environnement; University Lille Nord de France; Lille France
| | - Franck Vandenbulcke
- Laboratoire de Génie Civil et Géo-Environnement; University Lille Nord de France; Lille France
| | - Michal Santocki
- Institute of Zoology; Jagiellonian University; Cracow Poland
| | - Barbara Plytycz
- Institute of Zoology; Jagiellonian University; Cracow Poland
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Yuk J, Simpson MJ, Simpson AJ. Coelomic fluid: a complimentary biological medium to assess sub-lethal endosulfan exposure using ¹H NMR-based earthworm metabolomics. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2012; 21:1301-1313. [PMID: 22451197 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-012-0884-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/07/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Endosulfan is an environmentally persistent pesticide and has been shown to be genotoxic, neurotoxic and carcinogenic to surrounding organisms. Earthworms are widely used in environmental metabolomic studies to assess soil ecotoxicity. Previous nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabolomic studies have analyzed earthworm tissue extracts after exposure to endosulfan and identified some key metabolic indicators that can be used as biomarkers of stress. However, some metabolites may have been masked due to overlap with other metabolites in the tissue extract. Therefore, in this study, the coelomic fluid (CF) and the tissue extract of the earthworm, Eisenia fetida, were both investigated using ¹H NMR-based metabolomics to analyze their metabolic profile in response to endosulfan exposure at three sub-lethal (below LC₅₀) concentrations. Principal component analysis determined the earthworm CF and earthworm tissue extract to both have significant separation between the exposed and control at the two highest sub-lethal endosulfan exposures (1.0 and 2.0 μg cm⁻²). Alanine, glycine, malate, α-ketoglutarate, succinate, betaine, myo-inositol, lactate and spermidine in the earthworm CF and alanine, glutamine, fumarate, glutamate, maltose, melibiose, ATP and lactate in earthworm tissue extract were all detected as having significant fluctuations after endosulfan exposure. An increase in ATP production was detected by the increase activity in the citric acid cycle and by anaerobic metabolism. A significant decrease in the polyamine, spermidine after endosulfan exposure describes an apoptotic mode of protection which correlates to a previous endosulfan exposure study where DNA damage has been reported. This study highlights that earthworm CF is a complementary biological medium to tissue extracts and can be helpful to better understand the toxic mode of action of contaminants at sub-lethal levels in the environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jimmy Yuk
- Department of Chemistry, Scarborough College, University of Toronto, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Wang X, Chang L, Sun Z. Differential expression of genes in the earthworm Eisenia fetida following exposure to Escherichia coli O157:H7. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 35:525-529. [PMID: 21187111 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2010.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2010] [Revised: 12/16/2010] [Accepted: 12/17/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
In this study, suppression subtractive hybridization was used to construct forward and reverse cDNA libraries to identify genes involved in the response of Eisenia fetida after exposure to Escherichia coli O157:H7. We cloned 1428 cDNAs or expressed sequence tags (ESTs), of which 738 were confirmed to be differentially expressed on dot blotting analysis. A total of 394 good-quality ESTs (GenBank dbEST accession numbers HO001170-HO001563) were obtained from the raw clone sequences after cleaning. The genes were associated with metabolism (10%), transport (10%), translation (5%), immunity (2%), and the cytoskeleton (1%). Thirteen candidates were selected to assess expression levels in earthworms exposed to artificially contaminated soil by real-time PCR. The translated amino acid sequences of clones were similar to fibrinolytic protease 1, extracellular globin-3, myosin essential light chain, lumbrokinase, lysozyme, ferritin, ATP synthase F0 subunit 6, and hsp 70. Characterization of differential gene expression in the earthworm E. fetida on exposure to E. coli O157:H7 expands our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of interactions at the earthworm-pathogen interface.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xing Wang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, No. 2, Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Bernard F, Brulle F, Douay F, Lemière S, Demuynck S, Vandenbulcke F. Metallic trace element body burdens and gene expression analysis of biomarker candidates in Eisenia fetida, using an "exposure/depuration" experimental scheme with field soils. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2010; 73:1034-1045. [PMID: 20149457 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2010.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2009] [Revised: 01/14/2010] [Accepted: 01/14/2010] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Smelting plant activities lead to the accumulation of Metal Trace Elements (MTEs) in soils. The presence of high concentrations of MTEs can generate an environmental stress likely to affect macroinvertebrates living in close soil contact such as the Annelida Oligochaeta. Eisenia fetida, an ecotoxicologically important test species, was successively exposed to two field soils: (1) a highly contaminated agricultural topsoil collected near the former smelter Metaleurop Nord (Noyelles-Godault, France) which contaminated surrounding soils by its atmospheric emissions [exposure phase], and then (2) a slightly contaminated topsoil from an urban garden located in the conurbation of Lille (Wambrechies) [depuration phase]. Two analyses were performed during each phase. Firstly, the gene expression levels of four biomarker candidates identified in previous studies were analyzed in E. fetida coelomocytes. These candidates are Cd-metallothionein, phytochelatin synthase, coactosin-like protein and lysenin. Secondly, the body burdens of the following elements Cd, Pb, Zn, Cu, Fe, Ca, and P were measured. Moreover, both analyses were also performed in Lumbricus rubellus, an Annelid species collected from the two tested soil-originating sites. Analysis of gene expression and MTE body burdens in both species are discussed to: (1) evaluate expression biomarkers; (2) gain insight the detoxification processes and the long-term response to a metallic stress and (3) compare the responses observed in a test species (E. fetida) with the responses of a field species (L. rubellus).
Collapse
|
11
|
Brulle F, Cocquerelle C, Mitta G, Castric V, Douay F, Leprêtre A, Vandenbulcke F. Identification and expression profile of gene transcripts differentially expressed during metallic exposure in Eisenia fetida coelomocytes. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2008; 32:1441-1453. [PMID: 18634820 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2008.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2008] [Revised: 06/04/2008] [Accepted: 06/21/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to identify in Eisenia fetida genes whose expression are regulated following exposure to a complex mixture of metallic trace elements (MTE) representative of a highly polluted smelter soil. Suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) was used to construct cDNA libraries enriched in up- or down-regulated transcripts in the immune-circulating cells of the coelomic cavities, namely coelomocytes, from worms exposed to metallic pollution. Among 1536 SSH-derived cDNA clones sequenced, we identified 764 unique ESTs of which we selected 18 candidates on the basis of their redundancy. These selected candidates were subjected to a two-step validation procedure based on the study of their expression level by real-time PCR. The first step consisted in measuring the expression of the 18 candidates in worms exposed to artificial contaminated soil. The second step consisted in measuring the expression in animals exposed to a "naturally" contaminated soil sampled close to a smelter. Both steps allowed us to highlight 3 candidates that are strongly induced in worms exposed to a smelter polluted soil. These candidates are: the well-known MTE-induced Cd-metallothionein and 2 original biomarkers, lysenin, and a transcript, which cloning of the complete coding sequence identified as the coactosin-like protein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Franck Brulle
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Numérique et d'Ecotoxicologie, EA 3570, Université de Lille 1, Cité scientifique, Bâtiment SN3, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Homa J, Bzowska M, Klimek M, Plytycz B. Flow cytometric quantification of proliferating coelomocytes non-invasively retrieved from the earthworm, Dendrobaena veneta. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2008; 32:9-14. [PMID: 17544121 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2007.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2007] [Revised: 04/05/2007] [Accepted: 04/12/2007] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Earthworms irritated naturally (e.g. by predators) or experimentally extrude coelomocyte-containing coelomic fluid through the dorsal pores of the body wall. In the present study, the earthworms, Dendrobaena veneta, experimentally depleted of free-floating coelomocytes by multiple electric shocks (1 min, 4.5 V) remained fully vital and coelomocyte depletion was followed by the extensive cell replenishment, which was more efficient in the case of amoebocytes than autofluorescent eleocytes/chloragocytes, quantified by flow cytometry. Immunohistochemical procedure with antibodies against human Ki-67 proliferation antigens revealed proliferating cells on cytospin preparations of coelomocytes extruded by electric shock. Quantification of proliferating cells in the suspension of extruded coelomocytes was performed by flow cytometry on FL-2 profiles of propidium iodide-stained samples; riboflavin-derived autofluorescence of eleocytes/chloragocytes was lost during detergent treatment. As expected, the percentage of coelomocytes proliferating in coelomic fluid was increased during restoration of coelomocyte number after experimental depletion. The method described here may be very useful for investigations of antigen-driven proliferation of earthworm coelomocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Homa
- Department of Evolutionary Immunobiology, Institute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University, R. Ingardena 6, 30-060 Krakow, Poland
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Vernile P, Fornelli F, Bari G, Spagnuolo M, Minervini F, de Lillo E, Ruggiero P. Bioavailability and toxicity of pentachlorophenol in contaminated soil evaluated on coelomocytes of Eisenia andrei (Annelida: Lumbricidae). Toxicol In Vitro 2007; 21:302-7. [PMID: 17142006 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2006.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2006] [Revised: 09/19/2006] [Accepted: 09/29/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Pentachlorophenol (PCP) is widely distributed and highly persistent in soil, and represents a threat to the health of ecosystems. The present study aimed to assess the toxicity and bioavailability of PCP in soils as a function of different aging periods with the attempt to select a good toxicological assay for Eisenia andrei Bouché (Annelida: Lumbricidae). The experiments were performed on soil contaminated with PCP at 15 and 150ppm. After different aging periods (20, 60 and 120 days from spiking), bioavailability and toxicity were evaluated on E. andrei kept for 7 and 14 days in treated soils. The actual bioavailability decreased in relation to the aging for both PCP concentrations. No membrane damage was observed on coelomocytes collected by ethanol extrusion. Modifications in distribution of coelomocyte subpopulations were detected by flow cytometry on samples aged for 60 and 120 days at 150ppm PCP contamination. The reduction of lysosomal membrane stability, measured by neutral red retention time, was observed in all treatments. Worm mortality increased with aging in soils spiked with 150ppm of PCP. In conclusion, aging did not seem to reduce PCP cytotoxicity. This is the first report on in vivo toxicity of PCP evaluated on coelomocytes of E. andrei using different assays.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pasqua Vernile
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Biology and Chemistry, University of Bari, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Brulle F, Mitta G, Cocquerelle C, Vieau D, Lemière S, Leprêtre A, Vandenbulcke F. Cloning and real-time PCR testing of 14 potential biomarkers in Eisenia fetida following cadmium exposure. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2006; 40:2844-50. [PMID: 16683633 DOI: 10.1021/es052299x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Important biological activities could be affected in metal exposed species, and amongthe main physiological functions, immunity may provide one (or more) effector(s) which expression can be directly affected by a metal exposure in various macroinvertebrates. As many proteinic effectors showed a high degree of homology between species, we have developed a PCR approach to characterize partial mRNA sequences of selected effectors in the laboratory model, Eisenia fetida. After cloning, levels of expression of each gene were analyzed following exposures (80 and 800 mg/kg) to cadmium spiked soils using real-time PCR. An implemented approach was allowed to test quickly potential biomarkers in Eisenia fetida. Selected effectors were calmodulin, heat shock proteins, superoxide dismutase, catalase, metallothionein, beta-adrenergic receptor kinase, pyruvate carboxylase, trancriptionally controlled tumor protein, protein kinase C, and ubiquitin. Most of the selected effectors did not show variations of expression level after exposure. Others expressed weak changes of expression as heat shock proteins. At lastfor catalase and metallothionein, early suitable variations of expression were observed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Brulle
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Numérique et d'Ecotoxicologie, EA 3570, Université de Lille 1, Cité scientifique, Batiment SN3, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Massicotte R, Robidoux PY, Sauvé S, Flipo D, Mathiot A, Fournier M, Trottier B. Immunotoxicological response of the earthworm Lumbricus terrestris following exposure to cement kiln dusts. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2004; 59:10-16. [PMID: 15261717 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2004.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2004] [Revised: 04/10/2004] [Accepted: 05/05/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Cement kiln dusts are made of a complex mixture of elements. We have evaluated the potential negative impact of those dusts on the immune system of the earthworm Lumbricus terrestris. We specifically studied cell viability and phagocytic activity of coelomocytes extruded during electrical stimulation. We used two modes of exposures: in vitro, and soil incubation using OECD artificial soil media. Extruded coelomocytes were exposed 18 h in vitro to 10, 100, and 500 mg L(-1) of cement kiln dust particles. The phagocytosis and the cell viability were determined using a double-laser-flow acquisition cytometry system. Using the double laser allows us to use a dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFDA) marker to discriminate the biological cells from the cement kiln dusts. Dead cells are marked using propidium iodide (PI). All three exposure levels showed highly significant impacts on cell viability and phagocytic activity. The in vivo soil incubation was performed using 10, 100, and 1000 mg kg(-1) of cement kiln dusts incorporated into the OECD media. Here, to discriminate the biological cells from the mineral dusts we only needed to use PI. The day-to-day variability of the in vivo assay was high and although we can observe an overall reduction in cell viability at the highest concentration tested, no statistically significant effects could be observed on either cell viability or phagocytosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Massicotte
- Centre TOXEN, Université du Québec à Montréal, P.O. Box 8888, Centre-ville, Montréal, Que., Canada H3C 3P8
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|