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Jardim GOC, Oliveira GLDS. Mancozeb induces cytogenotoxicity in meristematic cells of Allium cepa L. Drug Chem Toxicol 2024:1-8. [PMID: 38984405 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2024.2370938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Mancozeb is a fungicide of the dithiocarbamate functional group, and it is widely used in agriculture to control various fungal diseases. Thus, studies detailing its toxicological characteristics are necessary, as the population may be exposed through the consumption of food or water contaminated with mancozeb. The aim of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxic, genotoxic, and mutagenic potentials of this dithiocarbamate using the Allium cepa L. test system as well as its cytotoxicity in erythrocytes of female rats (Rattus norvegicus). The meristematic roots of A. cepa bulbs were exposed to various concentrations of mancozeb (62.5, 125, 250, and 500 mg/L) for 24, 48, and 72 h to determine cytotoxicity by evaluating the mitotic index (MI), chromosomal aberrations (CA), and nuclear anomalies (NA) for genotoxicity analysis and micronuclei (MN) for mutagenicity analysis. Distilled water and copper sulfate (0.0006 mg/L) were used as the negative control (NC) and positive control (PC), respectively. The MI and the sum of CA and NA of all the mancozeb concentrations showed a significant difference (p ≤ 0.05) in relation to the NC, indicating possible cytotoxicity and genotoxicity induced by mancozeb. Additionally, MN significantly increased with mancozeb concentration from 250 mg/L to 500 mg/L in 24 h when compared to NC. In another study model, mancozeb showed to be cytolytic at concentrations starting from 125 mg/L. Therefore, these results indicate that mancozeb causes cytogenetic alterations and mutagenicity at lower concentrations than those used in agriculture, which emphasizes the need for more care when managing this fungicide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Osvair Costa Jardim
- Department of Biology, Federal Institute of Mato Grosso, Laboratory of Education and Research in Toxicology and Pharmacology (LEPTOX-F), Jaciara, MT, Brazil
| | - George Laylson da Silva Oliveira
- Department of Biology, Federal Institute of Mato Grosso, Laboratory of Education and Research in Toxicology and Pharmacology (LEPTOX-F), Jaciara, MT, Brazil
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Shi J, Li J, Pan Y, Zhao M, Zhang R, Xue Y, Liu Y. The Physiological Response Mechanism of Peanut Leaves under Al Stress. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1606. [PMID: 38931038 PMCID: PMC11207616 DOI: 10.3390/plants13121606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Aluminum (Al) toxicity in acidic soils can significantly reduce peanut yield. The physiological response of peanut leaves to Al poisoning stress still has not been fully explored. This research examined the influences of Al toxicity on peanut leaves by observing the leaf phenotype, scanning the leaf area and perimeter, and by measuring photosynthetic pigment content, physiological response indices, leaf hormone levels, and mineral element accumulation. Fluorescence quantitative RT-PCR (qPCR) was utilized to determine the relative transcript level of specific genes. The results indicated that Al toxicity hindered peanut leaf development, reducing their biomass, surface area, and perimeter, although the decrease in photosynthetic pigment content was minimal. Al toxicity notably affected the activity of antioxidative enzymes, proline content, and MDA (malondialdehyde) levels in the leaves. Additionally, Al poisoning resulted in the increased accumulation of iron (Fe), potassium (K), and Al in peanut leaves but reduced the levels of calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), and magnesium (Mg). There were significant changes in the content of hormones and the expression level of genes connected with hormones in peanut leaves. High Al concentrations may activate cellular defense mechanisms, enhancing antioxidative activity to mitigate excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) and affecting hormone-related gene expression, which may impede leaf biomass and development. This research aimed to elucidate the physiological response mechanisms of peanut leaves to Al poisoning stress, providing insights for breeding new varieties resistant to Al poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianning Shi
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Jianyu Li
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Yuhu Pan
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Min Zhao
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Agronomy, College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Yingbin Xue
- Department of Agronomy, College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
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Bouhadi M, Abchir O, Yamari I, El Hamsas El Youbi A, Azgaoui A, Chtita S, El Hajjouji H, El Kouali M, Talbi M, Fougrach H. Genotoxic effects and mitosis aberrations of chromium (VI) on root cells of Vicia faba and its molecular docking analysis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 207:108361. [PMID: 38237423 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/16/2024]
Abstract
Like other heavy metals, Cr (VI) is a powerful carcinogen and mutagen agent. Its toxic effects on plants are well considered. In order to elucidate its adverse effects, the present work aims to study the mitosis aberrations of Cr (VI) on the Vicia faba root-cells and its molecular docking analysis to understand the genotoxicity mechanisms. In-vivo, Vicia faba plants were exposed to 50 and 100 μM Cr (VI) for 48 h. In-silico, molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation were used to study the interactions between dichromate and tubulin tyrosine ligase T2R-TTL (PDBID: 5XIW) with reference to Colchicine (microtubule inhibitor). According to our results, Cr (VI) affects growth and cell division and also induces many mitosis aberrations such as chromosome sticking, anaphase/telophase bridges, lagging chromosomes and fragmentation during all phases of mitosis. On the one hand, Cr (VI) reduces mitotic index and promotes micronuclei induction. The in-silico results showed that dichromate establishes very strong bonds at the binding site of the tubulin tyrosine ligase T2R-TTL, with a binding affinity of -5.17 Kcal/Mol and an inhibition constant of 163.59 μM. These interactions are similar to those of colchicine with this protein, so dichromate could be a very potent inhibitor of this protein's activity. TTL plays a fundamental role in the tyrosination/detyrosination of tubulin, which is crucial to the regulation of the microtubule cytoskeleton. Its inhibition leads to the appearance of many morphogenic abnormalities such as mitosis aberrations. In conclusion, our data confirm the highest genotoxicity effects of Cr (VI) on Vicia faba root-cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Bouhadi
- Laboratory of Ecology and Environment, Faculty of Sciences Ben M'sick, Hassan II University of Casablanca, B.P 7955, Casablanca, Morocco; Laboratory of Analytical and Molecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences Ben M'sick, Hassan II University of Casablanca, B.P 7955, Casablanca, Morocco.
| | - Oussama Abchir
- Laboratory of Analytical and Molecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences Ben M'sick, Hassan II University of Casablanca, B.P 7955, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Imane Yamari
- Laboratory of Analytical and Molecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences Ben M'sick, Hassan II University of Casablanca, B.P 7955, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Amal El Hamsas El Youbi
- Laboratory of Biology and Health, Faculty of Sciences Ben M'sick, Hassan II University of Casablanca, B.P 7955, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Anas Azgaoui
- Ibn Sina University Hospital Center, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Rabat, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Samir Chtita
- Laboratory of Analytical and Molecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences Ben M'sick, Hassan II University of Casablanca, B.P 7955, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Houda El Hajjouji
- Laboratory of Ecology and Environment, Faculty of Sciences Ben M'sick, Hassan II University of Casablanca, B.P 7955, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - M'hammed El Kouali
- Laboratory of Analytical and Molecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences Ben M'sick, Hassan II University of Casablanca, B.P 7955, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Mohammed Talbi
- Laboratory of Analytical and Molecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences Ben M'sick, Hassan II University of Casablanca, B.P 7955, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Hassan Fougrach
- Laboratory of Ecology and Environment, Faculty of Sciences Ben M'sick, Hassan II University of Casablanca, B.P 7955, Casablanca, Morocco
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Shi J, Zhao M, Zhang F, Feng D, Yang S, Xue Y, Liu Y. Physiological Mechanism through Which Al Toxicity Inhibits Peanut Root Growth. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:325. [PMID: 38276782 PMCID: PMC10820445 DOI: 10.3390/plants13020325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Al (Aluminum) poisoning is a significant limitation to crop yield in acid soil. However, the physiological process involved in the peanut root response to Al poisoning has not been clarified yet and requires further research. In order to investigate the influence of Al toxicity stress on peanut roots, this study employed various methods, including root phenotype analysis, scanning of the root, measuring the physical response indices of the root, measurement of the hormone level in the root, and quantitative PCR (qPCR). This research aimed to explore the physiological mechanism underlying the reaction of peanut roots to Al toxicity. The findings revealed that Al poisoning inhibits the development of peanut roots, resulting in reduced biomass, length, surface area, and volume. Al also significantly affects antioxidant oxidase activity and proline and malondialdehyde contents in peanut roots. Furthermore, Al toxicity led to increased accumulations of Al and Fe in peanut roots, while the contents of zinc (Zn), cuprum (Cu), manganese (Mn), kalium (K), magnesium (Mg), and calcium (Ca) decreased. The hormone content and related gene expression in peanut roots also exhibited significant changes. High concentrations of Al trigger cellular defense mechanisms, resulting in differentially expressed antioxidase genes and enhanced activity of antioxidases to eliminate excessive ROS (reactive oxygen species). Additionally, the differential expression of hormone-related genes in a high-Al environment affects plant hormones, ultimately leading to various negative effects, for example, decreased biomass of roots and hindered root development. The purpose of this study was to explore the physiological response mechanism of peanut roots subjected to aluminum toxicity stress, and the findings of this research will provide a basis for cultivating Al-resistant peanut varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianning Shi
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Min Zhao
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Didi Feng
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Shaoxia Yang
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Yingbin Xue
- Department of Agronomy, College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
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Buqaj L, Gashi B, Zogaj M, Vataj R, Sota V, Tuna M. Stress induced by soil contamination with heavy metals and their effects on some biomarkers and DNA damage in maize plants at the vicinity of Ferronikel smelter in Drenas, Kosovo. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2023; 58:617-627. [PMID: 37671814 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2023.2253114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
The Ferronikel smelter in Drenas is one of the main industrial areas in the Kosovo and pollution by heavy metals causes serious threat for all living organisms on this area. The objective of this study was to determine the concentration of some heavy metals (Fe, Cu, Mn, Cr, Cd, Ni and Pb) in agricultural soils and in maize plants, and their potential toxic effects on this plant through some sensitive biochemical and molecular markers. Maize seedlings growth in nine soil samples from different locations of this area. The highest concentrations of heavy metals in soils and maize leaves were conducted close to the Ferronikel smelter, and in some locations, the nickel and chromium concertation in soils exceeded 800 mg kg-1. A significant effects of heavy metals induced toxicity resulted in the, build-up aminolevulinic acid and reduced activity of δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase, and chlorophyll content in the maize leaves. In general, maize seedlings growth in polluted locations showed an increase in nuclear DNA content and in G2M phase. We concluded that locations close to the smelter are affected by soil heavy metals pollution and these biochemical and molecular analysis would be a powerful ecotoxicological tool in biomonitoring of heavy metal pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liridon Buqaj
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, University of Prishtina "Hasan Prishtina", Prishtinë, Kosovo
- Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University "Ukshin Hoti" in Prizren, Prizren, Kosovo
| | - Bekim Gashi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, University of Prishtina "Hasan Prishtina", Prishtinë, Kosovo
| | - Muhamet Zogaj
- Department of Soil Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary, University of Prishtina "Hasan Prishtina", Prishtinë, Kosovo
| | - Ramë Vataj
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, University of Prishtina "Hasan Prishtina", Prishtinë, Kosovo
| | - Valbona Sota
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tirana, Tirana, Albania
| | - Metin Tuna
- Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Namik Kemal University, Tekirdag, Turkey
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Chen S, Kang Z, Peralta-Videa JR, Zhao L. Environmental implication of MoS 2 nanosheets: Effects on maize plant growth and soil microorganisms. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 860:160362. [PMID: 36427736 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) nanosheets have been used extensively in a variety of fields including medical and industrial. However, little is known about their toxicity effects, especially to edible plants. In this greenhouse study, maize (Zea mays) seedlings were exposed for 4 weeks, through the soil route, to 10 and 100 mg/kg of 2H MoS2 nanosheets. Plant growth, physiological parameters (chlorophyll, antioxidants, and MDA), along with Mo and nutrient element contents were determined in plant tissues. Results showed that at both doses, the nanosheets decreased plant growth. Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry data also showed that both 2H MoS2 concentrations allowed Mo absorption and translocation by maize plants. Additionally, at 100 mg/kg the nanosheets significantly reduced Ca, Mg, Mn, and Zn in leaves, and Na in roots. Gene sequencing data of 16S rRNA showed, that MoS2 nanosheets changed the soil microbial community structure, compared with the untreated control. In addition, nitrogen-fixing microorganisms such as Burkholderiales, Rhizobiales and Xanthobacteraceae were enriched. Overall, the data suggest that, even at low dose (10 mg/kg), the 2H MoS2 nanosheets perturbed both the nutrient uptake by maize plants and the soil microbial communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zhao Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jose R Peralta-Videa
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Avenue, El Paso, TX 79968, United States
| | - Lijuan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
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Kandil EE, El-Banna AAA, Tabl DMM, Mackled MI, Ghareeb RY, Al-Huqail AA, Ali HM, Jebril J, Abdelsalam NR. Zinc Nutrition Responses to Agronomic and Yield Traits, Kernel Quality, and Pollen Viability in Rice ( Oryza sativa L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:791066. [PMID: 35615130 PMCID: PMC9125238 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.791066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the major cereal crops worldwide with wheat and maize. A total of two field experiments were performed to evaluate the response of some rice cultivars to various foliar zinc (Zn) concentrations based on different measurements, such as agronomic, yield, yield compounds, and grain technological parameters. The experimental layout was a split plot in three replicates; the five rice cultivars (Skaha 101, Giza178, Yasmeen, Fourate, and Amber 33) were distributed in the main plots while the four foliar applications of Zn (1,500, 2,000, 2,500 mg/L besides spray water) were occupied the sub-plots. The findings showed significant differences among the five rice cultivars regarding plant height, grain yield, straw yield, biological yield, harvest index, 1,000-grain weight, panicle length, protein percentage, and grain Zn content. There is a significant effect of Zn on all plant attributes. A significant interaction between rice cultivars and foliar application of Zn was observed, whereas fertilizing Giza 178 with foliar application of Zn at the rate of 2,500 mg/L achieved the highest mean values of grain yield and straw yield, biological yield, harvest index, 1,000-grain weight, panicle length, protein %, and Zn content followed by Sakha 101 with Zn application at the rate of 2,000 mg/L, respectively, in both seasons. The rice cultivars significantly differed in hulling (%), broken (%), hardness, grain length, shape, amylose (%), gel consistency, and gelatinization temperature. Unfortunately, the commercial Zn product used was genotoxic to pollen grains with a higher rate of Zn. Aberrations were observed such as stickiness, ultrastructural changes in the exterior and interior walls, partially or fully degenerated grains, and shrunken and unfilled grains. This study concluded that using Zn application at the rate of 2,000 mg/L to protect human and environmental health, the side effects and toxicity of the local commercial Zn product market should be investigated before making recommendations to farmers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Essam E. Kandil
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture (Saba Basha), Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Aly A. A. El-Banna
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture (Saba Basha), Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Dalia M. M. Tabl
- Rice Research Technology Center (RTTC), Field Crops Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Marwa I. Mackled
- Department of Stored Product Pests, Plant Protection Institute, Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Rehab Y. Ghareeb
- Plant Protection and Biomolecular Diagnosis Department, Arid Lands Cultivation Research Institute, The City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications, New Borg El Arab, Egypt
| | - Asma A. Al-Huqail
- Chair of Climate Change, Environmental Development and Vegetation Cover, Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hayssam M. Ali
- Chair of Climate Change, Environmental Development and Vegetation Cover, Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jebril Jebril
- Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Nader R. Abdelsalam
- Agricultural Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture (Saba Basha), Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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Plant Recovery after Metal Stress-A Review. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10030450. [PMID: 33673654 PMCID: PMC7997312 DOI: 10.3390/plants10030450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Contamination of the environment with metals, their adverse impact on plant performance and transmission to the human food chain through crops and vegetables are important concerns worldwide. Although the literature on metal contamination, toxicity and plant response to this stress factor is quite abundant, there are very limited reports on the phenomenon of plant recovery after metal stress. The present article reviews available literature on the recovery process examined in various plant species, in response to several metals (Al, Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn), applied at different concentrations and treatment duration. The reviewed studies have been carried out in laboratory conditions. However, it should be highlighted that although metal stress is not as transient as most of other stress factors (e.g., drought, heat, chilling), metal concentration in the soil may still decrease due to, e.g., leaching to lower soil layers or uptake by organisms. Thus, in natural conditions, plants may be subjected to post-metal-stress conditions. The review also discusses the mechanism behind efficient recovery and the impact of post metal stress on future plant performance-possible acquisition of stress memory, adaptation to unfavorable conditions and cross-tolerance towards other stress factors.
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HASSANEIN AM, MOHAMED AH, ABD ALLAH HA, ZAKI H. Cytogenetic and molecular studies on two faba bean cultivars revealed their difference in their aluminum tolerance. ACTA AGRICULTURAE SLOVENICA 2020; 116. [DOI: 10.14720/aas.2020.116.2.1346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Two cultivars of faba bean (Vicia faba ‘Giza 843’ and ‘Nobaria 3’) that differ in aluminum (Al) tolerance were used to study cytogenetic and genomic alterations under the influence of Al Cl3 (5, 15, and 25 mmol AlCl3) for different periods (6, 12 and 24 h). Under Al treatments, mitotic index in both cultivars decreased and total chromosomal abnormalities increased. The frequencies of micronuclei and chromosomal abnormalities (C-anaphase, metaphase-star chromosomes, breaks, sticky and disturbed chromosomes during metaphase or anaphase) in ‘Giza 843’ were lower than in ‘Nabaria 3’. Increase of the registered cytogenetic events under the influence of Al stress led to increase the detected polymorphism using RAPD and ISSR markers. Application of RAPD primers gave the same value of polymorphism in both faba bean cultivars under Al stress. Polymorphism average of nine ISSR primers of ’Giza 843’ (65.36 %) was lower than that of ‘Nobaria 3’ (71.59 %). Molecular markers, cytogenetic characteristics and seedling growth data indicate that Al tolerance of ‘Giza 843’ was higher than of ‘Nobaria 3’. This work shows that cytogenetic and ISSR techniques could be used efficiently to distinguish between the ability of two faba bean cultivars to tolerate toxic effects of Al.
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Holubek R, Deckert J, Zinicovscaia I, Yushin N, Vergel K, Frontasyeva M, Sirotkin AV, Bajia DS, Chmielowska-Bąk J. The Recovery of Soybean Plants after Short-Term Cadmium Stress. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:E782. [PMID: 32580460 PMCID: PMC7356936 DOI: 10.3390/plants9060782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cadmium is a non-essential heavy metal, which is toxic even in relatively low concentrations. Although the mechanisms of Cd toxicity are well documented, there is limited information concerning the recovery of plants after exposure to this metal. METHODS The present study describes the recovery of soybean plants treated for 48 h with Cd at two concentrations: 10 and 25 mg/L. In the frame of the study the growth, cell viability, level of membrane damage makers, mineral content, photosynthesis parameters, and global methylation level have been assessed directly after Cd treatment and/or after 7 days of growth in optimal conditions. RESULTS The results show that exposure to Cd leads to the development of toxicity symptoms such as growth inhibition, increased cell mortality, and membrane damage. After a recovery period of 7 days, the exposed plants showed no differences in relation to the control in all analyzed parameters, with an exception of a slight reduction in root length and changed content of potassium, magnesium, and manganese. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that soybean plants are able to efficiently recover even after relatively severe Cd stress. On the other hand, previous exposure to Cd stress modulated their mineral uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Holubek
- Department of Zoology and Anthropology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Constantine the Philosopher University, ul. Nábrežie mládeže 91, 949-74 Nitra, Slovakia; (R.H.); (A.V.S.)
| | - Joanna Deckert
- Department of Plant Ecophysiology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, ul. Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Inga Zinicovscaia
- Frank Laboratory of Neutron Physics, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 1419890 Dubna, Moscow Region, Russian; (I.Z.); (N.Y.); (K.V.); (M.F.)
- Horia Hulubei National Institute for R&D in Physics and Nuclear Engineering, 30 Reactorului Str. MG-6, 077125 Bucharest–Magurele, Romania
| | - Nikita Yushin
- Frank Laboratory of Neutron Physics, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 1419890 Dubna, Moscow Region, Russian; (I.Z.); (N.Y.); (K.V.); (M.F.)
| | - Konstantin Vergel
- Frank Laboratory of Neutron Physics, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 1419890 Dubna, Moscow Region, Russian; (I.Z.); (N.Y.); (K.V.); (M.F.)
| | - Marina Frontasyeva
- Frank Laboratory of Neutron Physics, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 1419890 Dubna, Moscow Region, Russian; (I.Z.); (N.Y.); (K.V.); (M.F.)
| | - Alexander V. Sirotkin
- Department of Zoology and Anthropology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Constantine the Philosopher University, ul. Nábrežie mládeže 91, 949-74 Nitra, Slovakia; (R.H.); (A.V.S.)
| | - Donald Samdumu Bajia
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The University of Bamenda, ENS Street, Bambili, Cameroon;
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Via San Francesco, 22, 37129 Verona VR, Italy
| | - Jagna Chmielowska-Bąk
- Department of Plant Ecophysiology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, ul. Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614 Poznań, Poland;
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Dantas AF, Fascineli ML, José SCBR, Pádua JG, Gimenes MA, Grisolia CK. Loss of genetic integrity in artificially aged seed lots of rice (Oryza sativa L.) and common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2019; 846:403080. [PMID: 31585628 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2019.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/27/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Loss of genetic integrity can occur during the long-term conservation of seeds. We have studied these effects in seeds of rice (Oryza sativa L.) and common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) exposed to accelerated aging (elevated temperature and moisture) conditions. Tests of first count, germination, and germination speed index were performed to measure physiological quality; cytogenetic tests and comet assay were used to evaluate genetic integrity. With aging, we observed a decrease in mitotic index and an increase in the frequency of chromosomal alterations in root cells of imbibed seeds, as well as increased DNA damage (comet assay) in dry and imbibed seed embryos of both species. The comet assay can be a useful technique for measuring genetic integrity in seed conservation programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisson F Dantas
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, Department of Genetics and Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil.
| | - Maria L Fascineli
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, Department of Genetics and Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Solange C B R José
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa) - Embrapa Genetic Resources & Biotechnology, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Juliano G Pádua
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa) - Embrapa Genetic Resources & Biotechnology, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Marcos A Gimenes
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa) - Embrapa Genetic Resources & Biotechnology, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Cesar K Grisolia
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, Department of Genetics and Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
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Zhu CQ, Cao XC, Zhu LF, Hu WJ, Hu AY, Abliz B, Bai ZG, Huang J, Liang QD, Sajid H, Li YF, Wang LP, Jin QY, Zhang JH. Boron reduces cell wall aluminum content in rice (Oryza sativa) roots by decreasing H 2O 2 accumulation. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2019; 138:80-90. [PMID: 30852240 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
When boron (B) deficiency and aluminum (Al) toxicity co-exist in acidic soils, crop productivity is limited. In the current study, we found that 3 μM of B pretreatment significantly enhances rice root elongation under Al toxicity conditions. Pretreatment with B significantly decreases the deposition of Al in rice apoplasts, suppresses the synthesis of cell wall pectin, inhibits cell wall pectin methylesterase (PME) activity and its gene expression, and increases the expression of OsSTAR1 and OsSTAR2, which are responsible for reducing the Al content in the cell walls. In addition, B pretreatment significantly increases OsALS1 expression, thereby facilitating the transfer of Al from the cytoplasm to the vacuoles. However, B pretreatment had no effect on Al uptake and citric acid secretion. Pretreatment with B significantly increases the activity of ascorbate peroxidase (APX), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT), thus increasing the elimination rate of H2O2 in rice roots. Co-treatment using B and H2O2 does not increase root growth under Al toxicity conditions; it also improves pectin synthesis, enhances PME activity, and increases Al deposition in root cell walls. However, the co-treatment of B and H2O2 scavenger 4-hydroxy-TEMPO has an opposite effect. The above results indicate that applying B fertilizers in acidic soil can help decrease the side effects of Al toxicity on rice growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Quan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Xiao Chuang Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Lian Feng Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Wen Jun Hu
- Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - An Yong Hu
- School of Geographic Science, NanTong University, NanTong, 226019, China
| | - Buhailiqem Abliz
- Nuclear Technology Biotechnology Research Institute, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, 830091, China
| | - Zhi Gang Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Jie Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Qing Duo Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Hussain Sajid
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Ye Feng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Li Ping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Qian Yu Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Jun Hua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China.
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Fatma F, Verma S, Kamal A, Srivastava A. Monitoring of morphotoxic, cytotoxic and genotoxic potential of mancozeb using Allium assay. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 195:864-870. [PMID: 29273330 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.12.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The present experiment was designed to monitor the morphotoxic, cytotoxic and genotoxic potential of Mancozeb (fungicide) in non-target plants using bulbs of Allium cepa. Mancozeb is classified as a contact fungicide and is registered for use on a variety of crop plants. In the present monitoring, Allium cepa bulbs were exposed to different concentrations of mancozeb viz., 10, 30, 50, 70, 90, 110, 130 and 150 ppm for 24 and 48 h. The potential morphotoxic and cytotoxic effects of mancozeb were examined by determining the average root number, average root length, mitotic index, relative abnormality rate (%) and frequency of abnormalities (%). A progressive significant concentration and time dependent inhibition of the average root number, average root length indicated the morphotoxic nature. The cytotoxic effect was significantly increased for 48 h treatment as compared to 24 h treatment time, by reducing the mitotic index of meristematic cells. The results indicated an indirect genotoxic effect by inducing different types of chromosomal abnormalities, likely sticky, disoriented and fragmented chromosomes. Thus indicating that the investigated fungicide have genotoxic potential due to abnormal DNA condensation and chromosome coiling by spindle inactivation. The observations of cyto and genotoxic effects suggest that the fungicide mancozeb is clastogenic agent. Thus the different concentrations used in the field could be harmful for the end-receptors of food-chain and needs constant monitoring and management for the better development of crop plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Firdos Fatma
- Department of Bioengineering, Integral University, Lucknow, India.
| | - Sonam Verma
- In Vitro Culture and Plant Genetics Unit, Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of Lucknow, Lucknow 226007, U.P, India
| | - Aisha Kamal
- Department of Bioengineering, Integral University, Lucknow, India.
| | - Alka Srivastava
- In Vitro Culture and Plant Genetics Unit, Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of Lucknow, Lucknow 226007, U.P, India.
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Dantas AF, Lopes RM, Fascineli ML, José SCBR, Pádua JG, Gimenes MA, Grisolia CK. Comet and cytogenetic tests as tools for evaluating genomic instability in seeds of Oryza sativa L. and Phaseolus vulgaris L. from gene banks. Genet Mol Biol 2018; 41:145-153. [PMID: 29658968 PMCID: PMC5901492 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2017-0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the feasibility of comet and cytogenetic tests as tools for evaluating genomic instability in seeds of Oryza sativa L. (rice) and Phaseolus vulgaris (beans) L. from gene banks. Rice and beans were exposed to methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) as a reference DNA damaging agent. Seeds of two accessions of rice and beans were obtained from Embrapa Rice and Beans - Brazil. Seed groups were imbibed in three concentrations of MMS for three periods of time to carry out cytogenetic tests, and for one period for the comet test. At concentrations of 10 and 15 mg/L, MMS induced cytotoxic and/or mutagenic effects in the meristematic cells of roots from all the accessions of both species. In the comet test, MMS induced genotoxic effects at all the concentrations in the evaluated accessions of rice and beans, except in one accession of beans at the lowest concentration (5 mg/L). Both species showed sensitivity to MMS. The comet test can be proposed for the measurement of genomic instability in accessions of rice and beans in gene banks, as being more sensitive than the cytogenetic tests used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisson F Dantas
- Laboratório de Genética Toxicológica, Departamento de Genética e Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Renata M Lopes
- Departmento de Botânica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Maria L Fascineli
- Laboratório de Genética Toxicológica, Departamento de Genética e Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | | | - Juliano G Pádua
- Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Marcos A Gimenes
- Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Cesar K Grisolia
- Laboratório de Genética Toxicológica, Departamento de Genética e Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
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Jaskowiak J, Tkaczyk O, Slota M, Kwasniewska J, Szarejko I. Analysis of aluminum toxicity in Hordeum vulgare roots with an emphasis on DNA integrity and cell cycle. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0193156. [PMID: 29466444 PMCID: PMC5821363 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0193156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Barley is one of the cereals that are most sensitive to aluminum (Al). Al in acid soils limits barley growth and development and, as a result, its productivity. The inhibition of root growth is a widely accepted indicator of Al stress. Al toxicity is affected by many factors including the culture medium, pH, Al concentration and the duration of the treatment. However, Al can act differently in different species and still Al toxicity in barley deserves study. Since the mechanism of Al toxicity is discussed we cytogenetically describe the effects of different doses of bioavailable Al on the barley nuclear genome-mitotic activity, cell cycle profile and DNA integrity. At the same time, we tested an established deep-water culture (DWC) hydroponics system and analyzed the effects of Al on the root system parameters using WinRHIZO software. We demonstrated the cytotoxic and genotoxic effect of Al in barley root cells. We showed that Al treatment significantly reduced the mitotic activity of the root tip cells and it also induced micronuclei and damaged nuclei. The DNA-damaging effect of Al was observed using the TUNEL test. We define the inhibitory influence of Al on DNA replication in barley. Analysis with the labelling and detection of 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridin (EdU) showed that the treatment with Al significantly decreased the frequency of S phase cells. We also demonstrated that Al exposure led to changes in the cell cycle profile of barley root tips. The delay of cell divisions observed as increased frequency of cells in G2/M phase after Al treatment was reported using flow cytometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Jaskowiak
- Department of Plant Anatomy and Cytology, University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - Oliver Tkaczyk
- Department of Genetics, University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - Michal Slota
- Department of Genetics, University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - Jolanta Kwasniewska
- Department of Plant Anatomy and Cytology, University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - Iwona Szarejko
- Department of Genetics, University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
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Matsumoto H, Riechers DE, Lygin AV, Baluška F, Sivaguru M. Aluminum Signaling and Potential Links with Safener-Induced Detoxification in Plants. ALUMINUM STRESS ADAPTATION IN PLANTS 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-19968-9_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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17
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Kumar G, Pandey A. Genotoxic and mito-depressive effects of food preservatives on root meristems of barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.3199/iscb.10.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Girjesh Kumar
- Plant Genetics Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Allahabad-211002, India
| | - Asha Pandey
- Plant Genetics Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Allahabad-211002, India
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Zhang H, Jiang Z, Qin R, Zhang H, Zou J, Jiang W, Liu D. Accumulation and cellular toxicity of aluminum in seedling of Pinus massoniana. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2014; 14:264. [PMID: 25267390 PMCID: PMC4189629 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-014-0264-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Masson pine (Pinus massoniana) is one of the most important timber species with adaptable, fast growing, versatile advantages in southern China. Despite considerable research efforts, the cellular and molecular mechanisms of A1 toxicity and resistance in P. massoniana are still poorly understood. The effects of Al on uptake and translocation of Al and other minerals, cell division and nucleolus in P. massoniana were investigated. RESULTS The results indicated that Al accumulated mainly in the roots, and small amounts were transported to aboveground organs. In the presence of Al, the contents of Mg and Fe in stems increased and decreased in roots. Accumulation of Mn in the organs was inhibited significantly. Evidence from cellular experiments showed that Al had an inhibitory effect on the root growth at all concentrations (10⁻⁵ - 10⁻² M) used. Chromosome fragments, chromosome bridges, C-mitosis and chromosome stickiness were induced during mitosis in the root tip cells. Al induced the formation of abnormal microtubule (MT) arrays, consisting of discontinuous wavy MTs or short MT fragments at the cell periphery. MT organization and function of the mitotic spindle and phragmoplast were severely disturbed. The nucleolus did not disaggregate normally and still remained its characteristic structure during metaphase. Nucleolar particles containing argyrophilic proteins were accumulated and leached out from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. Evidence confirmed that these proteins contained nucleophosmin (B23), nucleolin (C23) and fibrillarin. Western immunoblot analysis revealed that the contents of three nucleolar proteins increased significantly. CONCLUSION Based on the information provided in this article, it is concluded that root tips of plants are the most sensitive organ to environmental stresses and the accumulation of Al ions primarily is in roots of P. massoniana, and small amounts of Al are transported to aboveground. Root apical meristems play a key role in the immediate reaction to stress factors by activating signal cascades to the other plant organs. Al induces a series of the cellular toxic changes concerning with cell division and nucleolus. The data presented above can be also used as valuable and early markers in cellular changes induced by metals for the evaluation of metal contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan Zhang
- />Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387 PR China
| | - Ze Jiang
- />Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387 PR China
| | - Rong Qin
- />Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387 PR China
- />School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangzhou 510631 PR China
| | - Huaning Zhang
- />Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387 PR China
| | - Jinhua Zou
- />Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387 PR China
| | - Wusheng Jiang
- />Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387 PR China
| | - Donghua Liu
- />Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387 PR China
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19
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DalCorso G, Manara A, Piasentin S, Furini A. Nutrient metal elements in plants. Metallomics 2014; 6:1770-88. [DOI: 10.1039/c4mt00173g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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20
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Abstract
Aluminium (Al) is the third most abundant metallic element in soil but becomes available to plants only when the soil pH drops below 5.5. At those conditions, plants present several signals of Al toxicity. As reported by literature, major consequences of Al exposure are the decrease of plant production and the inhibition of root growth. The root growth inhibition may be directly/indirectly responsible for the loss of plant production. In this paper the most remarkable symptoms of Al toxicity in plants and the latest findings in this area are addressed. Root growth inhibition, ROS production, alterations on root cell wall and plasma membrane, nutrient unbalances, callose accumulation, and disturbance of cytoplasmic Ca2+ homeostasis, among other signals of Al toxicity are discussed, and, when possible, the behavior of Al-tolerant versus Al-sensitive genotypes under Al is compared.
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21
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Silva S, Rodriguez E, Pinto-Carnide O, Martins-Lopes P, Matos M, Guedes-Pinto H, Santos C. Zonal responses of sensitive vs. tolerant wheat roots during Al exposure and recovery. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2012; 169:760-769. [PMID: 22459322 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2012.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2011] [Revised: 01/05/2012] [Accepted: 01/09/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Aluminium (Al) irreversibly inhibits root growth in sensitive, but not in some tolerant genotypes. To better understand tolerance mechanisms, seedlings from tolerant ('Barbela 7/72' line) and sensitive ('Anahuac') Triticum aestivum L. genotypes were exposed to AlCl(3) 185 μM for: (a) 24 h followed by 48 h without Al (recovery); (b) 72 h of continuous exposure. Three root zones were analyzed (meristematic (MZ), elongation (EZ) and hairy (HZ)) for callose deposition, reserves (starch and lipids) accumulation, endodermis differentiation and tissue architecture. Putative Al-induced genotoxic or cytostatic/mytogenic effects were assessed by flow cytometry in root apices. Tolerant plants accumulated less Al, presented less root damage and a less generalized callose distribution than sensitive ones. Starch and lipid reserves remained constant in tolerant roots but drastically decreased in sensitive ones. Al induced different profiles of endodermis differentiation: differentiation was promoted in EZ and HZ, respectively, in sensitive and tolerant genotypes. No ploidy changes or clastogenicity were observed. However, differences in cell cycle blockage profiles were detected, being less severe in tolerant roots. After Al removal, only the 'Barbela 7/72' line reversed Al-induced effects to values closer to the control, mostly with respect to callose deposition and cell cycle progression. We demonstrate for the first time that: (a) cell cycle progression is differently regulated by Al-tolerant and Al-sensitive genotypes; (b) Al induces callose deposition >3 cm above root apex (in HZ); (c) callose deposition is a transient Al-induced effect in tolerant plants; and (d) in HZ, endodermis differentiation is also stimulated only in tolerant plants, probably functioning in tolerant genotypes as a protective mechanism in addition to callose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sónia Silva
- CESAM and Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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Andrade-Vieira LF, Gedraite LS, Campos JMS, Davide LC. Spent Pot Liner (SPL) induced DNA damage and nuclear alterations in root tip cells of Allium cepa as a consequence of programmed cell death. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2011; 74:882-888. [PMID: 21232797 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2010.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2010] [Revised: 12/16/2010] [Accepted: 12/18/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
There are various toxic effects of environmental pollutants, including apoptosis and carcinogenesis. Spent Pot Liner (SPL) is solid waste from the aluminum industry. It has a highly variable composition, including cyanide, fluoride, organics and metals. Preliminary characterizations of the effect of SPL on Allium cepa show the presence of condensed nuclei. Thus, the aim of this study was to analyze the toxic effect of SPL in A. cepa root meristem in the context of programmed cell death (PCD). A lot of specific features of this process such as DNA fragmentation, condensed chromatin, spherical nuclei and the formation of apoptotic-like bodies were observed in root meristem after SPL treatment. Root meristem treated with SPL 25% solution exhibited an alteration in antioxidant enzyme activities; a reduction in NCR as a consequence of high percentage of condensed nuclei; DNA fragmentation, detected by electrophoresis and TUNEL assay; cytoplasm vacuolization and also a disturbance in root morphology. These features are associated with programmed cell death (PCD) under abiotic stress. Therefore, these data show that SPL induces apoptosis-like PCD in root meristem cells of A. cepa.
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Affiliation(s)
- L F Andrade-Vieira
- Department of Biology, Federal University of Lavras, Box 3730, CEP 37200-000 Lavras-MG, Brazil.
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Yi M, Yi H, Li H, Wu L. Aluminum induces chromosome aberrations, micronuclei, and cell cycle dysfunction in root cells of Vicia faba. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2010; 25:124-129. [PMID: 19274764 DOI: 10.1002/tox.20482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Aluminum (Al) exists naturally in air, water, and soil, and also in our diet. Al can be absorbed into the human body and accumulates in different tissues, which has been linked to the occurrence of Alzheimer's disease and various neurological disorders. By using Vicia cytogenetic tests, which are commonly used to monitor the genotoxicity of environmental pollutants, cytogenetic effects of aluminum (AlCl(3)) were investigated in this study. Present results showed that Al caused significant increases in the frequencies of micronuclei (MN) and anaphase chromosome aberrations in Vicia faba root tips exposed to Al over a concentration-tested range of 0.01-10 mM for 12 h. The frequency of micronucleated cells was higher in Al-treated groups at pH 4.5 than that at pH 5.8. Similarly, AlCl(3) treatment caused a decrease in the number of mitotic cells in a dose- and pH-dependent manner. The number of cells in each mitotic phase changed in Al-treated samples. Mitotic indices (MI) decreased with the increases of pycnotic cells. Our results demonstrate that aluminum chloride is a clear clastogenic/genotoxic and cytotoxic agent in Vicia root cells. The V. faba cytogenetic test could be used for the genotoxicity monitoring of aluminum water contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Yi
- School of Life Science and Technology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China.
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Evaluation of genotoxic effects of sodium propionate, calcium propionate and potassium propionate on the root meristem cells of Allium cepa. Food Chem Toxicol 2008; 46:2035-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2008.01.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2007] [Revised: 10/30/2007] [Accepted: 01/25/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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25
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Achary VMM, Jena S, Panda KK, Panda BB. Aluminium induced oxidative stress and DNA damage in root cells of Allium cepa L. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2008; 70:300-10. [PMID: 18068230 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2007.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2007] [Revised: 10/19/2007] [Accepted: 10/27/2007] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Aluminium (Al) was evaluated for induction of oxidative stress and DNA damage employing the growing roots of Allium cepa L. as the assay system. Intact roots of A. cepa were treated with different concentrations, 0, 1, 10, 50, 100, or 200 microM of aluminium chloride, at pH 4.5 for 4 h (or 2 h for comet assay) at room temperature, 25+/-1 degrees C. Following treatment the parameters investigated in root tissue were Al-uptake, cell death, extra cellular generation of reactive oxygen intermediates (ROI), viz. O(2)(*-), H(2)O(2) and (*)OH, lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation, activities of antioxidant enzymes namely catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), guaiacol peroxidase (GPX), ascorbate peroxidase (APX); and DNA damage, assessed by comet assay. The findings indicated that Al triggered generation of extra-cellular ROI following a dose-response. Through application of specific enzyme inhibitors it was demonstrated that extra-cellular generation of ROI was primarily due to the activity of cell wall bound NADH-PX. Generation of ROI in root tissue as well as cell death was better correlated to the levels of root Al-uptake rather than to the concentrations of Al in ambient experimental solutions. Induction of lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation by Al were statistically significant. Whereas Al inhibited CAT activity, enhanced SOD, GPX and APX activities significantly; that followed dose-response. Comet assay provided evidence that Al induced DNA damage in a range of concentrations 50-200 microM, which was comparable to that induced by ethylmethane sulfonate (EMS), an alkylating mutagen served as the positive control. The findings provided evidence that Al comparable to biotic stress induced oxidative burst at the cell surface through up- or down-regulation of some of the key enzymes of oxidative metabolism ultimately resulting in oxidative stress leading to DNA damage and cell death in root cells of A. cepa.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Mohan Murali Achary
- Molecular Biology and Tissue Culture Laboratory, Department of Botany, Berhampur University, Berhampur 760007, India
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