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Rizwan M, Usman K, Alsafran M. Ecological impacts and potential hazards of nickel on soil microbes, plants, and human health. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 357:142028. [PMID: 38621494 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Nickel (Ni) contamination poses a serious environmental concern, particularly in developing countries: where, anthropogenic activities significantly contributes to Ni accumulations in soils and waters. The contamination of agricultural soils with Ni, increases risks of its entry to terrestrial ecosystems and food production systems posing a threat to both food security and safety. We examined the existing published articles regarding the origin, source, accumulation, and transport of Ni in soil environments. Particularly, we reviewed the bioavailability and toxic effects of Ni to soil invertebrates and microbes, as well as its impact on soil-plant interactions including seed germination, nutrient uptake, photosynthesis, oxidative stress, antioxidant enzyme activity, and biomass production. Moreover, it underscores the potential health hazards associated with consuming crops cultivated in Ni-contaminated soils and elucidates the pathways through which Ni enters the food chain. The published literature suggests that chronic Ni exposure may have long-term implications for the food supply chain and the health of the public. Therefore, an aggressive effort is required for interdisciplinary collaboration for assessing and mitigating the ecological and health risks associated with Ni contamination. It also argues that these measures are necessary in light of the increasing level of Ni pollution in soil ecosystems and the potential impacts on public health and the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Rizwan
- Agricultural Research Station, Office of VP for Research & Graduate Studies, Qatar University, Doha, 2713, Qatar
| | - Kamal Usman
- Agricultural Research Station, Office of VP for Research & Graduate Studies, Qatar University, Doha, 2713, Qatar
| | - Mohammed Alsafran
- Agricultural Research Station, Office of VP for Research & Graduate Studies, Qatar University, Doha, 2713, Qatar.
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2
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Lin X, Li Y, Xu G, Tian C, Yu Y. Biodegradable microplastics impact the uptake of Cd in rice: The roles of niche breadth and assembly process. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 851:158222. [PMID: 36028027 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Biodegradable microplastics (MPs) can impact the accumulation of cadmium (Cd) by plants, however, its mechanisms have not been fully understood. In this study, two biodegradable MPs, polypropylene carbonate (PPC) and polylactic acid (PLA), were used to examine their influences on the uptake of Cd in rice plants. Results showed that PPC significantly reduced the accumulation of Cd in rice root and aerial part, whereas PLA increased the Cd concentrations in rice root. The random forest analysis revealed that the bacterial biomarkers enriched by two MPs were different at genus level. Niche breadths were significantly reduced under Cd stress, and PPC alleviated this environmental pressure for entire bacterial community, whereas PLA reduced the niche breadth for whole community and abundant taxa, which was further verified by co-occurrence network and normalized stochasticity ratio model. The abundant taxa of group PPC were primarily governed by deterministic process while rare taxa were more driven by stochastic process. Structural equation model and Mantel analysis identified that the niche breadth imposed a strong selection on Cd accumulation after co-exposure. This study reveals the underlying mechanism of assembly process and niche breadth of rice rhizosphere microbiome on Cd accumulation by rice plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Lin
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yanjun Li
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guanghui Xu
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Chunjie Tian
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Yong Yu
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China.
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Zhang Y, Li Z, Ke X, Wu L, Christie P. Multigenerational exposure of the collembolan Folsomia candida to soil metals: Adaption to metal stress in soils polluted over the long term. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 292:118242. [PMID: 34600067 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Multigenerational tests provide a comprehensive assessment of the long-term toxicity of pollutants. Here, the multigenerational effects of soil metal contamination on Folsomia candida were investigated over five generations (generations 1-5: F1-F5). Nine soils with varying physicochemical properties and degrees of metal pollution were studied. The selected endpoints were survival, reproduction, body size and body metal concentrations. F. candida was cultured only up to the fifth generation with high reproduction in contaminated acid soils where reproduction was at least 5 times that in neutral soils and 20 times that in calcareous soils. Correlation analysis indicated that soil pH (68.9% contribution) and cation exchange capacity (CEC, 15.4% contribution) were more important factors than pollution level affecting the reproduction of F. candida. No significant difference was observed in adult survival or adult length over five generations. The highest collembolan body Cd concentrations in soils A1-A3 were 3.15, 2.93 and 3.23 times those in F1, with similar results for body Pb. A similar trend in reproduction and juvenile length was observed with an initial decrease (p < 0.05) and then an increase (p < 0.05) over the generations in each acid soil; the opposite trend occurred in the changes in body cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) concentrations which increased initially (p < 0.05) and then decreased (p < 0.05) compared to the original concentrations of the first generation. The results indicate that F. candida can adapt to soil metal stress during multigenerational exposure and the adaption energy may be related to a tradeoff between reproduction or growth of juveniles and the detoxification of metals accumulated in the body. Soil properties, especially pH and CEC, had a substantial influence on the long-term survival of the collembolan in the metal-polluted soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yabing Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Zhu Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China.
| | - Xin Ke
- Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Longhua Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Peter Christie
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
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4
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Role of Pond Sediments for Trapping Pesticides in an Agricultural Catchment (Auradé, SW France): Distribution and Controlling Factors. WATER 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/w13131734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In agricultural areas, ponds are suitable wetland environments to dissipate and reduce the occurrence of pesticides in aquatic environments. However, their impact at a catchment scale is still poorly understood. This study aims to determine how these organic contaminants were trapped in a pond located in an agricultural critical zone from SW France (Auradé catchment). The spatial distribution of pesticide concentrations and their different controlling factors were investigated in waters and sediments collected during two distinct seasons. The results highlighted (i) the link between the presence of the molecules and the agricultural practices upstream, (ii) the influence of hydrological/seasonal conditions, especially on hydrophobic molecule accumulation such as tebuconazole, (iii) the key role of clay content in sediments on the control of moderately hydrophilic pesticides (metolachlor and boscalid), but also the unexpected role of coarse particles for boscalid; and (iv) the influence of sediment depth on pesticide storage. Nevertheless, other physico-chemical parameters, such as mineralogical composition of sediment, needed to be considered to explain the pesticide patterns. This study brings a new hypothesis to be investigated in the future about pesticide behaviour in such pond environments.
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Distribution Trends of Cadmium and Lead in Timberline Coniferous Forests in the Eastern Tibetan Plateau. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11020753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The concentrations of Pb and Cd in the needles and twigs of fir and spruce collected from 26 sites in the Eastern Tibetan Plateau were measured and analyzed in this study. The mean concentrations of Cd and Pb were 0.034 and 1.291 mg/kg, respectively, in the needles and 0.101 and 2.511 mg/kg, respectively, in the twigs. These concentrations increased significantly with needle and twig age and peaked at 5 years. The twigs were significantly enriched in Pb and Cd compared with the needles. The spatial distributions of Pb and Cd were determined using the inverse-distance-weighted spatial interpolation method on the basis of the mean concentration of the elements in the needles and twigs from each site. The highest concentrations of Pb and Cd in twigs and needles were found in Yunnan Province and Gongga Mountain. They showed a tendency to decline from Yunnan Province to the northern direction, as well as from Gongga Mountain to the western area. Principal component analysis showed that Pb and Cd originated from the anthropogenic activities in this area. The mining activities and climatic factors may be the main sources of Pb and Cd in this area. Combining the HYSPLIT (The Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory) model and PCA, the results implied that exterior Pb and Cd sources from Southeast Asia and the eastern developed cities in China can infiltrate the ecosystem through long-range transportation and accumulate in timberline forests, with atmospheric deposition in the Eastern Tibetan Plateau. This plateau suffers from severe Pb pollution but slight Cd contamination.
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Alhar MAM, Thompson DF, Oliver IW. Mine spoil remediation via biochar addition to immobilise potentially toxic elements and promote plant growth for phytostabilisation. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 277:111500. [PMID: 33069155 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
There are thousands of disused and abandoned mining sites around the world with substantial accumulations of exposed mine spoil materials that pose a direct threat to their surrounding environment. Management of such sites, and neutralisation of the environmental threats they pose, is therefore extremely important and is an issue of global significance. Low cost management and remediation strategies need to be developed because many abandoned mine sites are in remote and/or economically challenged areas. One promising option is the incorporation of biochar into spoil materials, which has the potential to immobilise leachable toxic constituents and facilitate revegetation and thereby stabilisation of spoil heaps. This study investigated the capacity of readily available biochar materials made from wheat and rice waste products to immobilise and retain key metallic contaminants Pb and Zn from solution, and also investigated the utility of biochar application for remediating mine spoil heaps from different mine types in terms of facilitating establishment of vegetation coverage and minimising porewater element mobility within spoil heaps. The results demonstrated the high sorption capacity of the biochars (typically >97% of Pb or Zn in solution) and their ability to retain the metals despite an active desorption procedure (>93% of sorbed Pb retained and >75% of sorbed Zn). The remediation trial revealed that biochar application increased plant yield and decreased plant assimilation of many potentially toxic elements and also decreased spoil porewater concentrations of Al, Cd, Pb and Zn in most cases. In some spoil types investigated biochar addition also significantly decreased porewater concentrations of As (e.g. from ~30 mg/L to ~5 mg/L), demonstrating its potential utility for low cost environmental remediation across a range of mine spoil types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maysaa A M Alhar
- School of Geography, Geology and the Environment, Keele University, Keele, ST5 5BG, UK
| | - David F Thompson
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Keele University, Keele, ST5 5BG2, UK
| | - Ian W Oliver
- School of Geography, Geology and the Environment, Keele University, Keele, ST5 5BG, UK.
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Douafer L, Zaidi N, Soltani N. Seasonal variation of biomarker responses in Cantareus aspersus and physic-chemical properties of soils from Northeast Algeria. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:24145-24161. [PMID: 32304057 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08694-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study belongs to the biomonitoring program of soil qualities using a land snail, Cantareus aspersus, as bioindicator. The metal-soil contamination in some sites (National Park of El Kala (NPK), El Bouni, Sidi Amar, Nechmaya, and Guelma) located in Northeast Algeria were determined during two seasons (winter and spring 2015, 2016). Glutathione (GSH) content and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity were significantly decreased in snails collected during spring as compared with those noticed during winter under bioclimate change. In addition, a significant difference between various sites was observed, depending on the proximity to pollution sources. The significant variation of biomarker levels is a function of the physic-chemical properties of soils when they positively correlated with EC, H, and OM, and negatively correlated with all metallic elements. Moreover, Fe and Al2O3 are the most abundant in all the sites, and the most polluted site was found as that of El Bouni, followed by Sidi Amar, Nechmaya, and Guelma, since NPK is the less polluted site and considered a reference site. The tested biomarkers are sensitive oxidative parameters in snails exposed to pollution correlated significantly with the soil physic-chemical properties and metallic element contents in soil. Indeed, C. aspersus could be used as sentinel species in field monitoring of Mediterranean climate regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louiza Douafer
- Department of Biology, Laboratory of Applied Animal Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University Badji Mokhtar of Annaba, 23000, Annaba, Algeria.
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Mila, 43000, Mila, Algeria.
| | - Nedjoua Zaidi
- Department of Natural and Life Sciences, Laboratory for the Optimization of Agricultural in Subhumid Areas, Faculty of Sciences, University of Skikda, 21000, Skikda, Algeria
| | - Noureddine Soltani
- Department of Biology, Laboratory of Applied Animal Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University Badji Mokhtar of Annaba, 23000, Annaba, Algeria
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8
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Ardestani MM. Comparison Among Test Substrates in Metal Uptake and Toxicity to Folsomia candida and Hordeum vulgare. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2020; 104:400-410. [PMID: 32077985 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-020-02807-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The main aim of this short review was to assess the effect of test medium on the bioavailability of metals to the soil invertebrate Folsomia candida and the barley plant Hordeum vulgare. Solution-only exposures and sand-solution media were suitable media with control survival of > 80%. Comparing toxicity and accumulation data, LC50 and/or EC50 values as well as internal concentrations of cadmium (Cd) and copper (Cu) were similar in the tests with different porewater composition for springtails and barley plants. Similar results for toxicity and bioaccumulation of Cd and Cu using different test substrates, suggest the importance of physiological handling of the effects by the organisms rather than the influence of test medium composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud M Ardestani
- Institute for Environmental Studies, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Benátská 2, 12801, Prague, Czech Republic.
- Institute of Soil Biology and SoWa Research Infrastructure, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Na Sádkách 7, 37005, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic.
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9
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Sierra Aragón M, Nakamaru YM, García-Carmona M, Martínez Garzón FJ, Martín Peinado FJ. The role of organic amendment in soils affected by residual pollution of potentially harmful elements. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 237:124549. [PMID: 31549661 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The addition of organic amendment in soils affected by residual pollution of potentially harmful elements (PHEs) is evaluated. The area was polluted twenty years ago and remediation actions were intensively applied, but evidence of pollution are still detected in some sectors. The amendment application produces significant changes in the main soil properties and modifies the mobility and availability of the pollutants. In general, Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb, showed a significant reduction in soluble and exchangeable forms after the vermicompost addition (percentage of reduction ranging from 59% for soluble Pb to 95% for exchangeable Zn), both in highly (UVS) as in moderately (VS1) polluted soils. This reduction is strongly related to the rise in OC content and pH. Arsenic presented no significant reduction or even an increase in soluble forms in moderately polluted soils (VS1), where the competing effects of OC and phosphorous could be responsible for this increase. Pb also showed an increase in availability after vermicompost application, probably related to the competing effect of Mg2+ coming from the organic amendment. The less mobile forms (those extracted with oxalic-oxalate, pyrophosphate and EDTA), indicate that vermicompost application reduce medium-long term mobility to similar values of those found in less polluted soils (VS2); anyway, an increase in available forms of Pb and As was detected in some cases, indicating a potential risk of toxicity that should be monitored over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Sierra Aragón
- Departamento de Edafología y Química Agrícola, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, Campus Fuentenueva S/n, 18002, Granada, Spain
| | - Yasuo Mitsui Nakamaru
- Laboratory of Integrated Crop Management Science, Faculty of Bioindustry, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 196 Yasaka, Abashiri, Hokkaido, 099-2493, Japan
| | - Minerva García-Carmona
- Departamento de Agroquímica y Medio Ambiente, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Avda. Universidad, S/n. Edificio Alcudia, Elche, 03202, Alicante, Spain.
| | - Francisco Javier Martínez Garzón
- Departamento de Edafología y Química Agrícola, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, Campus Fuentenueva S/n, 18002, Granada, Spain
| | - Francisco José Martín Peinado
- Departamento de Edafología y Química Agrícola, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, Campus Fuentenueva S/n, 18002, Granada, Spain
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10
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Lin X, Sun Z, Zhao L, Zhou C, Wu Z, Hou H. The toxicity thresholds of metal(loid)s to soil-dwelling springtail Folsomia candida-A review. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 180:632-645. [PMID: 31132559 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.04.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 03/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Increasing concentrations of metals in soil have posed a serious threat to the soil environment. The control and evaluation of soil metal hazards demand the establishment of soil ecological criteria, which is mainly based on the obtainment of toxicity thresholds. As the most typical representative of soil-dwelling springtails, Folsomia candida performs numerous essential ecological functions in soil and has been extensively used to investigate metal toxicity effects and thresholds. This review outlined the current state of knowledge on the metal toxicity thresholds to Folsomia candida, including (1) toxicity thresholds of soil metals for the different endpoints, (2) the influence factors of metal toxicity thresholds including the test conditions, the chemical forms of metal, the soil physicochemical properties, aging time and leaching, (3) the bioavailable fractions predicting metal toxicity thresholds, (4) the internal threshold of metals. To conclude, several recommendations for future research are given to obtain the more reliable toxicity thresholds and further supplement the toxicity data of metals to Folsomia candida.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianglong Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100000, China; College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Zaijin Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100000, China
| | - Long Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100000, China
| | - Changzhi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100000, China
| | - Zhihao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100000, China
| | - Hong Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100000, China; College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
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Liu H, Xuan L, Zhou J, Zhou D, Wang Y. Effects of Soil Properties on Cadmium Toxicity to Folsomia candida (Collembola). BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2019; 103:90-97. [PMID: 30535823 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-018-2514-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The study was endeavored to investigate the effects of soil properties on the acute and chronic cadmium (Cd) toxicities to Folsomia candida (Collembola F. candida). Results of the present study indicated that 10% lethal concentrations (LC10) in a period of 7 days were ranged from 68.6 to > 1000 mg/kg Cd. Soil Cd concentrations that halve F. candida reproductions (EC50, 28 days) were ranged from 41.4 to 146.8 mg/kg. Stepwise regression analysis between the thresholds of Cd toxicity and soil properties revealed that the pH and organic matter (OM) were two fundamental factors for the assessment of biological threats posed by Cd. The exchangeable Cd was mainly affected by soil pH. The reproduction inhibition and adult mortality ratios of F. candida were positively correlated with soil exchangeable Cd. The development of a comprehensive pedotransfer function based on pH and OM values would be suitable for accurately assessing the biological risks arising from Cd contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 71st East Beijing Road, Nanjing, 210008, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Xuan
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 71st East Beijing Road, Nanjing, 210008, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 71st East Beijing Road, Nanjing, 210008, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongmei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 71st East Beijing Road, Nanjing, 210008, People's Republic of China
| | - Yujun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 71st East Beijing Road, Nanjing, 210008, People's Republic of China.
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12
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Jegede OO, Awuah KF, Fajana HO, Owojori OJ, Hale BA, Siciliano SD. The forgotten role of toxicodynamics: How habitat quality alters the mite, Oppia nitens, susceptibility to zinc, independent of toxicokinetics. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 227:444-454. [PMID: 31003129 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.04.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Soil habitat quality is thought to influence metal toxicity via changes in speciation and thereby toxicokinetics. Here, we assessed the toxicokinetic and toxicodynamic effects of habitat quality on mite, Oppia nitens when exposed to zinc (Zn) contaminated soils. Forty-seven soils were ranked into three habitat qualities; high, medium, and low based on biological reproduction of Folsomia candida, Enchytraeus crypticus, and Elymus lanceolatus. From the 47 soils, eighteen soils (comprising of six soils from each habitat quality) were randomly selected and dosed with field relevant concentrations of Zn. Mite survival and reproduction were assessed after 28 days. Total Zn, bioaccessible Zn, Zn bioavailability, Zn body burden, lactate dehydrogenase activity (LDH) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) activities of the mites were determined. Zinc toxicity and potency were much less in the high compared to low quality soils and the mites in the high habitat quality soils tolerated higher zinc body burdens (2040 ± 130 μg/g b.w) than the lower habitat quality (1180 ± 310 μg/g b.w). Lower LDH activity (20 ± 2 μU mg-1) in the high quality soils compared to lower quality soils (50 ± 8 μU mg-1) suggested that there was less stress in the high habitat quality mites. Despite changes in speciation across habitat qualities, bioavailability of zinc was similar (∼20%) irrespective of habitat quality. Our results suggest that the influence of soil properties on survival is modulated by toxicodynamics rather than toxicokinetics. Restoring habitat quality may be more important for soil invertebrate protection than metal concentration at contaminated sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olukayode O Jegede
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada, S7N 5B3.
| | - Kobby F Awuah
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada, S7N 5B3
| | - Hamzat O Fajana
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada, S7N 5B3
| | - Olugbenga J Owojori
- Department of Soil Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada, S7N 5A8
| | - Beverley A Hale
- Department of Land Resource Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada, N1G 2W1
| | - Steven D Siciliano
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada, S7N 5B3; Department of Soil Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada, S7N 5A8
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13
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Lin X, Sun Z, Zhao L, Ma J, Wu Z, Zhou C, Li X, Hou H. The toxicity of exogenous nickel to soil-dwelling springtail Folsomia candida in relation to soil properties and aging time. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 174:475-483. [PMID: 30856559 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Nickel (Ni) is a toxic metal, but studies on Ni toxicity to soil-dwelling springtail are fairly limited, and did not consider the effects of various soil properties and long aging time. To address this, the chronic toxicity of Ni to model organism-Folsomia candida in relation to soil properties and aging time were evaluated in the laboratory study. The results showed that compared to the soils aged only for 7 d, the concentrations causing 50% mortality (LC50) and inhibiting 50% reproduction (EC50) basing measured total Ni in four soils aged for 120 d increased by 1.30-1.94 fold and 1.27-1.82 fold, respectively. Furthermore, the aging effects significantly correlated with soil pH. The toxicity values of Ni differed in ten soils aged for 120 d, the LC50 values were 279-4025 mg/kg and the EC50 values were 133-1148 mg/kg. When calculating the toxicity values basing water soluble and CaCl2 extracted Ni, the variations in LC50 values between ten soils decreased, while the variations in EC50 values increased. Regression analysis indicated that soil pH was the most important single factor predicting soil Ni toxicity to springtail, the combination of soil pH and OM could best explain Ni toxicity variance in ten soils (89.1% of the variance in LC50 values and 89.6% of the variance in EC50 values).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianglong Lin
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100000, China
| | - Zaijin Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100000, China
| | - Long Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100000, China
| | - Jin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100000, China
| | - Zhihao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100000, China
| | - Changzhi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100000, China
| | - Xing Li
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621000, China
| | - Hong Hou
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100000, China.
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14
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Lin X, Sun Z, Zhao L, Ma J, Li X, He F, Hou H. Toxicity of exogenous hexavalent chromium to soil-dwelling springtail Folsomia candida in relation to soil properties and aging time. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 224:734-742. [PMID: 30851525 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.02.196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Chromium (Cr) is a well-known toxic metal, but studies on Cr toxicity to soil-dwelling springtails are fairly limited, and did not consider the effects of various soil properties and long aging time. To address this, the chronic toxicity of Cr(VI) to survival and reproduction of model organism-Folsomia candida were evaluated in the laboratory studies. The results showed that compared to the soils aged only for 2 and 21 d, the concentrations inhibiting 50% reproduction (EC50) significantly increased by 2.8-5.2 fold and 1.7-2.6 fold, the concentrations causing 50% mortality (LC50) were higher than the highest test concentration in four soils aged for 150 d. Furthermore, the aging effects correlated significantly with soil amorphous Fe oxides. The EC50 values of Cr significantly differed in ten soils aged for 150 d, ranging from 27 to 512 mg kg-1, which were associated with the variations in reduction and sorption capacity in different soils. Regression analysis indicated that soil clay was the most important single factor predicting soil Cr toxicity to reproduction, and the inclusion of cation exchange capacity in the clay regression could best explain the toxicity variance (87.2%). Additionally, soil pH, organic matter and amorphous Fe oxides could also well explain the toxicity variance (>55%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianglong Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100000, China; College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Zaijin Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100000, China
| | - Long Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100000, China
| | - Jin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100000, China
| | - Xing Li
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621000, China
| | - Fei He
- College of Resources and Environment, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650000, China
| | - Hong Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100000, China; College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
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15
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Ardestani MM, van Gestel CAM. The effect of major cations on the toxicity of cadmium to Folsomia candida in a sand-solution medium analyzed by biotic ligand modeling. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 246:19-25. [PMID: 30529937 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.11.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2018] [Revised: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the effect of major cations (Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, and H+) on cadmium toxicity to the springtail Folsomia candida. Survival of the animals was determined after seven days exposure to different cadmium concentrations in an inert sand-solution medium, in different experimental setups with modification of the cation concentrations. Among the cations tested, Ca2+ and Mg2+ had protective effects on the toxicity of cadmium to the springtails while Na+, K+, and H+ showed less competition with free cadmium ions for binding to the uptake sites of the collembolans. Toxicity predicted with a biotic ligand model agreed well with the observed values. Calculated conditional binding constants and the fraction of biotic ligands occupied by cadmium to show 50% effects were similar to values reported in the literature. The results emphasize the important role of solution chemistry in determining metal toxicity to soil invertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud M Ardestani
- Institute for Environmental Studies, Charles University in Prague, Benátská 2, Prague, CZ-12801, Czech Republic; Institute of Soil Biology and SoWa Research Infrastructure, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Na Sádkách 7, České Budějovice, CZ-37005, Czech Republic.
| | - Cornelis A M van Gestel
- Department of Ecological Science, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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16
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García-Carmona M, García-Robles H, Turpín Torrano C, Fernández Ondoño E, Lorite Moreno J, Sierra Aragón M, Martín Peinado FJ. Residual pollution and vegetation distribution in amended soils 20 years after a pyrite mine tailings spill (Aznalcóllar, Spain). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 650:933-940. [PMID: 30308867 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.09.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The present work assesses the residual pollution in the Guadiamar Green Corridor (SW, Spain) after a long-term aging process (18 years) since the accident of the Aznalcóllar pyrite mine. We have focused on the study of trace elements (Cu, Zn, Cd, As and Pb) in soils, their fractionation and the transference to the surrounding vegetation. The residual polluted areas are characterized by scattered plots with absence of vegetation, presenting high concentrations of trace elements, acidic pH and low organic carbon content. Surrounding these polluted plots, two vegetation gradient belts are clearly identified by changes in plant cover and richness. The inhibition of plant growth in the bare soils is related to the highest mobility of soluble and exchangeable Cu, Zn and Cd forms, which significantly decrease with the distance to the polluted plots. Plant richness and cover show differences between belts; bioaccumulation of trace elements in plants also differs, with a preferential accumulation in roots. Despite the low bioavailability of As and Pb in soils, bioaccumulation factors in plants for these elements are significantly higher in belt 1 in relation to belt 2. High Cu and Cd potential toxic concentrations in aerial parts of vegetation are found, posing a risk for livestock and a potential entrance to the food-chain. On the other hand, Lamarckia aurea (L.) Moench (in belt1) and Trifolium campestre Schreb. (in belt2) were the most dominant species in severely polluted soils. Elevated concentrations of trace elements in the vegetation growing in the area indicate plant adaptation mechanisms to live in these severely polluted soils, which can be used as a good bioindicator of pollution in similar polluted areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- M García-Carmona
- Departamento de Edafología y Química Agrícola, Universidad de Granada, Campus Fuentenueva s/n, 18001 Granada, Spain
| | - H García-Robles
- Departamento de Botánica, Universidad of Granada, Campus Fuentenueva s/n, 18001 Granada, Spain
| | - C Turpín Torrano
- Departamento de Edafología y Química Agrícola, Universidad de Granada, Campus Fuentenueva s/n, 18001 Granada, Spain
| | - E Fernández Ondoño
- Departamento de Edafología y Química Agrícola, Universidad de Granada, Campus Fuentenueva s/n, 18001 Granada, Spain
| | - J Lorite Moreno
- Departamento de Botánica, Universidad of Granada, Campus Fuentenueva s/n, 18001 Granada, Spain
| | - M Sierra Aragón
- Departamento de Edafología y Química Agrícola, Universidad de Granada, Campus Fuentenueva s/n, 18001 Granada, Spain.
| | - F J Martín Peinado
- Departamento de Botánica, Universidad of Granada, Campus Fuentenueva s/n, 18001 Granada, Spain
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17
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Hoang TK, Probst A, Orange D, Gilbert F, Elger A, Kallerhoff J, Laurent F, Bassil S, Duong TT, Gerino M. Bioturbation effects on bioaccumulation of cadmium in the wetland plant Typha latifolia: A nature-based experiment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 618:1284-1297. [PMID: 29132718 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.09.237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The development of efficient bioremediation techniques to reduce aquatic pollutant load in natural sediment is one of the current challenges in ecological engineering. A nature-based solution for metal bioremediation is proposed through a combination of bioturbation and phytoremediation processes in experimental indoor microcosms. The invertebrates Tubifex tubifex (Oligochaeta Tubificidae) was used as an active ecological engineer for bioturbation enhancement. The riparian plant species Typha latifolia was selected for its efficiency in phyto-accumulating pollutants from sediment. Phytoremediation efficiency was estimated by using cadmium as a conservative pollutant known to bio-accumulate in plants, and initially introduced in the overlying water (20μg Cd/L of cadmium nitrate - Cd(NO3)2·4H2O). Biological sediment reworking by invertebrates' activity was quantified using luminophores (inert particulates). Our results showed that bioturbation caused by tubificid worms' activity followed the bio-conveying transport model with a downward vertical velocity (V) of luminophores ranging from 16.7±4.5 to 18.5±3.9cm·year-1. The biotransport changed the granulometric properties of the surface sediments, and this natural process was still efficient under cadmium contamination. The highest value of Cd enrichment coefficient for plant roots was observed in subsurface sediment layer (below 1cm to 5cm depth) with tubificids addition. We demonstrated that biotransport changed the distribution of cadmium across the sediment column as well as it enhanced the pumping of this metal from the surface to the anoxic sediment layers, thereby increasing the bioaccumulation of cadmium in the root system of Typha latifolia. This therefore highlights the potential of bioturbation as a tool to be considered in future as integrated bioremediation strategies of metallic polluted sediment in aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trung Kien Hoang
- Laboratoire Écologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (EcoLab), University of Toulouse, UMR5245, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Toulouse, France; Institute of Environmental Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Viet Nam.
| | - Anne Probst
- Laboratoire Écologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (EcoLab), University of Toulouse, UMR5245, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Didier Orange
- Eco&Sols, University of Montpellier, UMR210-IRD, INRA, CIRAD, Supagro, Montpellier, France; USTH, Vietnam France University, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Franck Gilbert
- Laboratoire Écologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (EcoLab), University of Toulouse, UMR5245, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Arnaud Elger
- Laboratoire Écologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (EcoLab), University of Toulouse, UMR5245, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean Kallerhoff
- Laboratoire Écologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (EcoLab), University of Toulouse, UMR5245, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Sabina Bassil
- Laboratoire Écologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (EcoLab), University of Toulouse, UMR5245, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Thi Thuy Duong
- Institute of Environmental Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Viet Nam; USTH, Vietnam France University, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam; Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Viet Nam
| | - Magali Gerino
- Laboratoire Écologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (EcoLab), University of Toulouse, UMR5245, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Toulouse, France; USTH, Vietnam France University, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam.
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18
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Liu H, Li M, Zhou J, Zhou D, Wang Y. Effects of soil properties and aging process on the acute toxicity of cadmium to earthworm Eisenia fetida. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:3708-3717. [PMID: 29168134 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0739-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This study was undertaken to investigate the effects of soil properties and aging process on the acute toxicity of cadmium (Cd) to Eisenia fetida (E. fetida) in 18 Cd-spiked soils. Results showed that the Cd toxicity to E. fetida differed in the 18 soils with different characteristics, and median lethal concentration (LC50) values varied from 440.7 to 1520.4 mg/kg in freshly spiked soils. Soil pH and organic matter (OM) content were the two major factors associated with Cd toxicity. The increase in LC50 values and decreases in both exchangeable Cd in soils and tissue Cd concentrations in earthworm whole body indicated that aging (180 and 360 days) could reduce the acute toxicity and bioavailability of Cd to E. fetida. Cadmium concentrations in E. fetida were positively correlated with exchangeable Cd content in soils, and soil pH and OM were the key factors controlling the distribution and transformation of the exchangeable Cd. The results will provide useful reference information for the risk assessment of Cd in the terrestrial environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 71st East Beijing Road, Nanjing, 210008, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Li
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 71st East Beijing Road, Nanjing, 210008, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 71st East Beijing Road, Nanjing, 210008, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongmei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 71st East Beijing Road, Nanjing, 210008, People's Republic of China
| | - Yujun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 71st East Beijing Road, Nanjing, 210008, People's Republic of China.
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19
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Cardoso DN, Silva ARR, Cruz A, Lourenço J, Neves J, Malheiro C, Mendo S, Soares AMVM, Loureiro S. The comet assay in Folsomia candida: A suitable approach to assess genotoxicity in collembolans. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2017; 36:2514-2520. [PMID: 28411389 DOI: 10.1002/etc.3795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Revised: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The present study shows the comet assay technique being successfully applied for the first time to one of the most widely used soil organisms in standardized ecotoxicological tests, Folsomia candida, providing a step forward in assessing the genotoxicity induced by xenobiotics. Because collembolans have a high content of chitin, a new methodology was developed in which the heads of the collembolans were separated from the rest of the body, allowing the hemolymph to leak out. This procedure allows the cells to be released, and after lysis the genetic material is available for the comet assay. Among other key procedures, the use of 30 organisms (20- to 22-d-old adults) per replicate and the correct amount of cells with genetic material (translated as 10 μL of suspension) applied on the agarose gel were determinants for the success of the results obtained. The methodology was validated by exposing F. candida to a representative metallic element (cadmium) and a representative of organophosphates, the insecticide dimethoate, for a shorter time period of 10 d, compared with the 28 d for the International Organization for Standardization 11267 method. Within this method, the relatively low percentage of DNA damage (30%) observed in controls and the significant increase in terms of percentage of DNA damage for almost all the concentrations of dimethoate and Cd (reaching 52% and 56% of damage in the highest concentrations, respectively) confirmed the genotoxic effect of both compounds and validated this technique. The comet assay proved to be a sensitive technique to detect DNA strand breaks in collembolans' cells. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:2514-2520. © 2017 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diogo N Cardoso
- Department of Biology & Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ana Rita R Silva
- Department of Biology & Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Andreia Cruz
- Department of Biology & Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Joana Lourenço
- Department of Biology & Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Joana Neves
- Department of Biology & Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Catarina Malheiro
- Department of Biology & Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Sónia Mendo
- Department of Biology & Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Amadeu M V M Soares
- Department of Biology & Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Susana Loureiro
- Department of Biology & Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
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20
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Zhu D, Ke X, Wu L, Li Z, Christie P, Luo Y. Ecotoxicity of cadmium in a soil collembolan-predatory mite food chain: Can we use the 15N labeled litter addition method to assess soil functional change? ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2016; 219:37-46. [PMID: 27661726 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.09.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Revised: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Effects of cadmium (Cd) on predator-prey relationships and soil ecological function are poorly understood and there are few methods available to measure soil functional change. Thus, we structured a soil-dwelling food chain containing the predatory mite Hypoaspis aculeifer and its collembolan prey Folsomia candida to study the effects of Cd exposure for eight weeks in a spiked soil aged for five years. The 15N labeled litter was added as food to analyze the change in nitrogen (N) transfer content. H. aculeifer reproduction and growth and the survival and reproduction of F. candida were all negatively affected by Cd exposure, and H. aculeifer reproduction was the most sensitive parameter. The sensitivity responses of F. candida and H. aculeifer were different from those using the previous single species test. The results suggest that predator-prey interactions might influence the toxicity of Cd by predation and food restriction. Cadmium lethal body concentrations of adults and juveniles of F. candida and H. aculeifer juveniles were 500-600, 180-270 and 8-10 μg g-1, respectively. The content of N transfer from litter to animals in the food chain decreased significantly with increasing soil Cd concentration between 100 and 400 mg kg-1. The results suggest that the 15N labeled litter addition method is potentially useful for quantitative assessment of soil functional change for further risk assessment purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xin Ke
- Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes of Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Longhua Wu
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China.
| | - Zhu Li
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Peter Christie
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Yongming Luo
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Environmental Processes, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China
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21
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Ardestani MM, van Gestel CAM. Sorption and pH determine the long-term partitioning of cadmium in natural soils. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:18492-18501. [PMID: 27287493 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7034-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The bioavailability of metals in soil is a dynamic process. For a proper extrapolation to the field of laboratory studies on fate and effects, it is important to understand the dynamics of metal bioavailability and the way it is influenced by soil properties. The aim of this study was to assess the parallel (concurrent) effect of pH and aging time on the partitioning of cadmium in natural LUFA 2.2 soil. Cadmium nitrate-spiked pH-amended LUFA 2.2 soils were incubated under laboratory conditions for up to 30 weeks. Measured pHpw was lower after 3 weeks and decreased only slightly toward the end of the test. Cadmium concentrations in the pore water increased with time for all soil pH levels, while they decreased with increasing pH. Freundlich kf values ranged between 4.26 and 934 L kg(-1) (n = 0.79 to 1.36) and were highest at the highest pH tested (pH = 6.5). Multiple linear regression analysis, based on a soil ligand modeling approach, resulted in affinity constants of 2.61 for Ca(2+) (log KCa-SL) and 5.05 for H(+) (log KH-SL) for their binding to the active sites on the soil surface. The results showed that pH and aging time are two important factors which together affect cadmium partitioning and mobility in spiked natural soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud M Ardestani
- Department of Ecological Science, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
| | - Cornelis A M van Gestel
- Department of Ecological Science, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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22
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Buch AC, Niemeyer JC, Fernandes Correia ME, Silva-Filho EV. Ecotoxicity of mercury to Folsomia candida and Proisotoma minuta (Collembola: Isotomidae) in tropical soils: Baseline for ecological risk assessment. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2016; 127:22-29. [PMID: 26796529 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2016.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Revised: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Mercury (Hg) is a highly toxic nonessential trace metal. Despite its natural occurrence in the Earth's Crust, its concentrations have been steadily increasing in the environment due to anthropogenic sources. Recent studies have showed great concern about soil fauna, once the potential adverse effects of mercury concentrations in the environment of these invertebrates are still poorly understood, especially when linked to forest soils and tropical biota. Different collembolan species can show distinct toxicity effects to the contaminants, impairing its developing lifelong and affecting its diversity and abundance in the environment. Laboratory studies were performed to evaluate the ecotoxicity of Hg(II) to collembolan species collected in Brazil, Proisotoma minuta (autochthonous) and Folsomia candida (allochthonous), as a tool to predict effects in ecological risk assessment of tropical regions. Behavioral, acute and chronic tests were carried under temperatures of 20°C and 24°C using two test soils, natural and artificial, spiked with increasing mercury concentrations. F. candida was more sensitive to mercury contamination than P. minuta, presenting the most restrictive values of EC50 and LC50. Reproduction was a considerably more sensitive endpoint than avoidance and mortality. The 28-day lower EC50 values were found in chronic tests for F. candida in natural soil to 24°C (3.32mgHgkg(-1)), while for P. minuta was in tropical artificial soil to 20°C (4.43mgHgkg(-1)). There were similarity for each collembolan species to respond at the Hg(II) effects when exposed at 20°C and 24°C. F. candida can be suitable as a bioindicator species to mercury ecotoxicity tests in tropical forest soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andressa Cristhy Buch
- Department of Environmental Geochemistry, Fluminense Federal University, Outeiro São João Baptista, s/n., Centro, 24020-007, Niterói, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Júlia Carina Niemeyer
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ecossistemas Agrícolas e Naturais (PPGEAN), Federal University of Santa Catarina, Center of Curitibanos, Rod. Ulysses Gabordi, km 3, 89520-000, Curitibanos, SC, Brazil
| | | | - Emmanoel Vieira Silva-Filho
- Department of Environmental Geochemistry, Fluminense Federal University, Outeiro São João Baptista, s/n., Centro, 24020-007, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
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Bicho RC, Santos FCF, Gonçalves MFM, Soares AMVM, Amorim MJB. Enchytraeid Reproduction Test(PLUS): hatching, growth and full life cycle test--an optional multi-endpoint test with Enchytraeus crypticus. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2015; 24:1053-63. [PMID: 25773650 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-015-1445-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Soil ecotoxicity standard tests for invertebrates are usually limited to the assessment of endpoints like survival and reproduction. Adverse effects may occur at other developmental stages, e.g. embryo development, hatching or growth. The species Enchytraeus crypticus is a model organism in the standard soil ecotoxicology test, where survival and reproduction are assessed. In the present study we optimized the test method to include additional endpoints. The proposed test started with synchronized age organisms', and included additionally hatching success, growth, maturation status and full life cycle. This allowed for the calculation of cocoon production and population growth rate. Results indicated that Cd is embryotoxic, main effect occurs on the embryo developmental stage and maturity. Further, the full life cycle test can discriminate between pre- and post-embryo formation. The increased sensitivity and full life cycle detail level makes it potentially useful for novel materials e.g. nanomaterials where the mode of action and hence effect target is unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita C Bicho
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal,
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24
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Afzali D, Fathirad F, Afzali Z, Majdzadeh-Kermani SMJ. Evaluation of cadmium in greenhouse soils and agricultural products of Jiroft (Iran) using microwave digestion prior to atomic absorption spectrometry determination. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2015; 187:128. [PMID: 25697307 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-015-4342-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This study determines total levels of potentially toxic trace element, Cd (II) in Jiroft (Kerman, Iran) greenhouse soil and agricultural products that are grown in these greenhouses (tomatoes and cucumbers), and the comparison with soil outside of greenhouse using microwave digestion prior to flame atomic absorption spectrometry determination. The results show that the cadmium concentration in greenhouse soil is 0.9-1.9 mg kg(-1) and out of greenhouse is 0.4-1.0 mg kg(-1). Also, cadmium concentration range in tomatoes and cucumbers is about 0.07-0.40 mg kg(-1). The obtained results show that the concentration of this metal in greenhouse soil is higher than outside soil samples and is below the safe limit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daryoush Afzali
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate University of Advanced Technology, Kerman, Iran,
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25
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Ardestani MM, Oduber F, van Gestel CAM. A combined toxicokinetics and toxicodynamics approach to assess the effect of porewater composition on cadmium bioavailability to Folsomia candida. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2014; 33:1570-1577. [PMID: 24846504 DOI: 10.1002/etc.2585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Revised: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to improve our understanding of cadmium bioavailability by linking toxicokinetics and toxicodynamics. The springtail Folsomia candida was exposed to different cadmium concentrations in solutions embedded in inert quartz sand. Survival and cadmium uptake in the animals were followed for 21 d. After 10 d, some animals were transferred to clean medium to assess cadmium elimination. Using a first-order one-compartment model, an overall uptake rate constant (k1) of 0.18 L kg(animal)(-1) d(-1) and an elimination rate constant (k(2-TK)) of 0.02 d(-1) were calculated. Survival decreased with time, resulting in an estimated final median lethal concentration (LC50) of 0.51 mM. A lethal body concentration (LBC) of 4.6 µmol Cd g(-1) dry body weight was estimated by multiplying the final LC50 by the bioconcentration factor (k1/k(2-TK)). The LC50(animal) values based on internal cadmium concentrations were between 3.56 µmol Cd g(-1) and 9.91 µmol Cd g(-1) dry body weight, with an overall value of 7.9 µmol Cd g(-1) dry body weight (95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.8-12.0 µmol Cd g(-1) dry body wt). Because the 95% CI of the LC50(animal) included the LBC, there was good agreement of cadmium toxicokinetics and toxicodynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud M Ardestani
- Department of Ecological Science, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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26
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Bánszegi O, Kosztolányi A, Bakonyi G, Szabó B, Dombos M. New method for automatic body length measurement of the collembolan, Folsomia candida Willem 1902 (Insecta: Collembola). PLoS One 2014; 9:e98230. [PMID: 24901322 PMCID: PMC4046991 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0098230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The collembolan, Folsomia candida, is widely used in soil ecotoxicology. In recent years, growth rate of collembolans has become as frequently used endpoint as reproduction rate in ecotoxicological studies. However, measuring collembolan body sizes to estimate growth rate is a complicated and time-consuming task. Here we present a new image analysis method, which facilitates and accelerates the body length measurement of the collembolan Folsomia candida. The new software package, called CollScope, consists of three elements: 1) an imaging device; 2) photographing software; 3) an ImageJ macro for image processing, measurement and data analysis. We give a complete description of the operation of the software, the image analyzing process and describe its accuracy and reliability. The software with a detailed usage manual is attached as Supplementary Material. We report a case study to demonstrate that the automated measurement of collembolan body sizes is highly correlated with the traditional manual measurements (estimated measuring accuracy 0.05 mm). Furthermore, we performed a dose-response ecotoxicity test using cadmium-sulfate by using CollScope as well as classical methods for size measurement. Size data measured by CollScope or manually did not differ significantly. Furthermore the new software package decreased time consumption of the measurements to 42% when tested on 35 animals. Consequently, methodological investigations performed in this study should be regarded as a recommendation for any other routine dose-response study where body growth is an endpoint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oxána Bánszegi
- Institute for Soil Sciences and Agricultural Chemistry, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - András Kosztolányi
- MTA-DE “Lendület” Behavioural Ecology Research Group, Department of Evolutionary Zoology and Human Biology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Gábor Bakonyi
- Szent István University, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Science, Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Borbála Szabó
- Szent István University, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Miklós Dombos
- Institute for Soil Sciences and Agricultural Chemistry, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
- * E-mail:
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27
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Ardestani MM, van Gestel CAM. Toxicodynamics of copper and cadmium in Folsomia candida exposed to simulated soil solutions. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2013; 32:2746-2754. [PMID: 23955663 DOI: 10.1002/etc.2353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2013] [Revised: 06/21/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
To improve our understanding of metal bioavailability to soil-living invertebrates, the effect of porewater composition on the toxicodynamics of copper and cadmium in Folsomia candida (Collembola) was investigated. Assuming that porewater is the main exposure route, F. candida was exposed to simulated soil solutions of different composition. Toxicity of copper was slightly lower in a calcium-only solution than in a multication solution. With increasing copper concentrations from 0.005 mM to 1.37 mM, internal copper concentrations similarly increased in both exposure solutions, suggesting that a single cation nutrient solution is suitable for testing F. candida. In the second experiment, animals were exposed for 7 d to copper and cadmium in simplified soil solutions with different calcium (0.2 mM, 0.8 mM, 3.2 mM, 12.8 mM) and pH (5.0, 6.0, 7.0) levels. The median lethal concentration (LC50) values decreased with time in both the calcium and pH series. A hormetic-type effect was observed for copper in the second test, as well as in the calcium-only solution in the first experiment. Because of stronger hormesis, LC50s for copper were higher at lower calcium concentrations. For cadmium, LC50 values were higher at higher calcium concentrations, suggesting competition of calcium with the free cadmium ion. Toxicity of cadmium increased with decreasing pH, while copper was more toxic at intermediate pH. The results show that a toxicodynamics approach can help to improve the interpretation of metal toxicity to soil invertebrates, taking into account soil solution properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud M Ardestani
- Department of Ecological Science, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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28
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Ardestani MM, van Gestel CAM. Using a toxicokinetics approach to explain the effect of soil pH on cadmium bioavailability to Folsomia candida. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2013; 180:122-30. [PMID: 23747820 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2013.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2013] [Revised: 04/24/2013] [Accepted: 05/02/2013] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to improve our understanding of metal bioavailability in soil by linking the biotic ligand approach with toxicokinetics modelling. We determined cadmium bioaccumulation kinetics in Folsomia candida (Collembola) as a function of soil pH. Animals were exposed for 21 days to LUFA 2.2 soil at 5 or 20 μg Cd g(-1) dry soil followed by 21 days elimination in clean soil. Internal cadmium concentrations were modelled using a first-order one-compartment model, relating uptake rate constants (k1) to total soil, water or 0.01 M CaCl2 extractable and porewater concentrations. Based on total soil concentrations, k1 was independent of soil pH while it strongly increased with increasing pH based on porewater concentrations explaining the reduced competition of H(+) ions making cadmium more bioavailable in pore water at high pH. This shows that the principles of biotic ligand modelling are applicable to predict cadmium accumulation kinetics in soil-living invertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud M Ardestani
- Department of Ecological Science, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, VU University, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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29
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Ardestani MM, Ortiz MD, van Gestel CAM. Influence of Ca and pH on the uptake and effects of Cd in Folsomia candida exposed to simplified soil solutions. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2013; 32:1759-1767. [PMID: 23606214 DOI: 10.1002/etc.2243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2012] [Revised: 09/21/2012] [Accepted: 04/01/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The present study sought to quantify the components of a biotic ligand model (BLM) for the effects of Cd on Folsomia candida (Collembola). Assuming that soil porewater is the main route of exposure and to exclude the effects of soil particles on metal availability, animals were exposed for 7 d to different Cd concentrations between 0.1 mM and 100 mM in simplified soil solutions at different Ca concentrations (0.2 mM, 0.8 mM, 3.2 mM, and 12.8 mM) or at different pH (5.0, 6.0, and 7.0). Higher Ca concentrations decreased the toxicity of Cd (adult survival) in test solutions, whereas toxicity was slightly lower at pH 7 and 6 than at pH 5, suggesting a mitigating effect of Ca and to a lesser extent pH on Cd toxicity to F. candida. Internal Cd concentrations in the animals increased with increasing exposure level but were significantly reduced by increasing Ca concentrations and were not significantly affected by pH. By using Langmuir isotherms, binding constants for Cd, Ca, and protons and the fraction of binding sites occupied by Cd were calculated and used to predict effects of Cd on survival. Predicted toxicity showed a good agreement with measured responses when Ca and pH were used as separate factors or combined together. The present study shows indications of protective effects of Ca but less of protons on the toxicity and uptake of Cd in F. candida on exposure to simplified soil solutions, which can be described using the principles of a biotic ligand model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud M Ardestani
- Department of Ecological Science, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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30
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Martí E, Sierra J, Cáliz J, Montserrat G, Vila X, Garau MA, Cruañas R. Ecotoxicity of Cr, Cd, and Pb on two Mediterranean soils. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2013; 64:377-87. [PMID: 23212577 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-012-9841-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2012] [Accepted: 11/05/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Three potentially toxic elements [chromium (Cr), lead (Pb), and cadmium (Cd)] were tested to assess their effects on two soils of different properties and origin. The soils were a granitic soil (Haplic Arenosol), which meets the requirements of OECD ecotoxicity testing, and a calcareous soil (Calcaric Regosol) with properties often found in the Mediterranean areas. The metal concentrations used ranged from 0.001 to 5,000 mg kg(-1) soil. The effects on soil microbial activity and community composition (respirometry and polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis), as well as the effects on plant germination and elongation (Lactuca sativa), were assessed. The toxicity of the soil water extracts was also evaluated by the growth inhibition of algal populations (Pseudokirschneriella subcapitata). Cr showed the highest level of toxicity to soil organisms in the assays performed because this element remains in soil as anionic form and is less retained by the soil solid matrix than Cd and Pb. The lowest observed-adverse effect level for Cr ranged from approximately 0.1 mg kg(-1) [substrate induced respiration (SIR) test for the granitic soil] to 10 mg kg(-1) (basal respiration and SIR tests for the calcareous soil). For Pb (SIR) and Cd (SIR and alga tests), these levels were approximately 100 mg kg(-1). Germination and algal tests showed higher sensitivity in Regosol soil than in Arenosol soil for Cr due to differences in the bioavailability between the soils. In the cases or areas where alkaline soils are abundant, these should also be considered in laboratory ecotoxicity testing to avoid underestimation of ecotoxicological risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Martí
- Laboratori d'Edafologia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, 08028, Spain.
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31
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Ardestani MM, van Gestel CAM. Dynamic bioavailability of copper in soil estimated by uptake and elimination kinetics in the springtail Folsomia candida. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2013; 22:308-318. [PMID: 23229135 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-012-1027-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/28/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the bioavailability of copper in soil, by measuring its uptake kinetics into a representative soil invertebrate, the collembolan Folsomia candida. The animals were exposed to 25 or 100 μg Cu g(-1) dry LUFA 2.2 soil at nominal pH(CaCl2) 4.5, 5.5, or 6.5 during 14 days after which they were transferred to clean soil for 14 days elimination. Uptake and elimination rate constants were calculated based on total and extractable soil concentrations and porewater concentrations using one-compartment first-order kinetics modelling. Copper was present in the animals at a basal physiological level of 40-90 μg g(-1)dry weight, on top of this uptake and elimination kinetics were observed. Uptake rates constants varied between 0.02 and 0.17 g(soil) g(animal)(-1) day(-1), being higher at lower exposure level, but did not differ significantly between different soil pH levels. Elimination rate constants ranged between 0.04 and 0.20 day(-1) and were negligible (k(2) < 0.001 day(-1)) at pH 4.5 and 6.5. Multiple linear regressions showed that the pH effect on copper uptake was only significant when taking into account cation exchange capacity, or calcium and dissolved organic carbon levels in the pore water. Copper concentrations in the animals however, never were higher than 185 μg g(-1) dry weight, independent of exposure level and pH, suggesting homeostatic regulation. These results show that the chemical composition of the pore water does affect bioavailability of copper in soil, but that copper uptake in collembolans is dominated by homeostatic regulation rather than by soil properties like pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud M Ardestani
- Department of Ecological Science, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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32
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Agnan Y, Séjalon-Delmas N, Probst A. Comparing early twentieth century and present-day atmospheric pollution in SW France: A story of lichens. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2013; 172:139-148. [PMID: 23063614 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2012.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2012] [Revised: 09/02/2012] [Accepted: 09/08/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Lichens have long been known to be good indicators of air quality and atmospheric deposition. Xanthoria parietina was selected to investigate past (sourced from a herbarium) and present-day trace metal pollution in four sites from South-West France (close to Albi). Enrichment factors, relationships between elements and hierarchical classification indicated that the atmosphere was mainly impacted by coal combustion (as shown by As, Pb or Cd contamination) during the early twentieth century, whereas more recently, another mixture of pollutants (e.g. Sb, Sn, Pb and Cu) from local factories and car traffic has emerged. The Rare Earth Elements (REE) and other lithogenic elements indicated a higher dust content in the atmosphere in the early twentieth century and a specific lithological local signature. In addition to long-range atmospheric transport, local urban emissions had a strong impact on trace element contamination registered in lichens, particularly for contemporary data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Agnan
- Université de Toulouse, INP, UPS, EcoLab (Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement), ENSAT, Avenue de l'Agrobiopole, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
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33
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Pauget B, Gimbert F, Scheifler R, Coeurdassier M, de Vaufleury A. Soil parameters are key factors to predict metal bioavailability to snails based on chemical extractant data. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2012; 431:413-25. [PMID: 22728924 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.05.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2011] [Revised: 04/12/2012] [Accepted: 05/16/2012] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Although soil characteristics modulate metal mobility and bioavailability to organisms, they are often ignored in the risk assessment of metal transfer. This paper aims to determine the ability of chemical methods to assess and predict cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn) environmental bioavailability to the land snail Cantareus aspersus. Snails were exposed in the laboratory for 28 days to 17 soils from around a former smelter. The soils were selected for their range of pH, organic matter, clay content, and Cd, Pb and Zn concentrations. The influence of soil properties on environmental availability (estimated using HF-HClO(4), EDTA, CaCl(2), NH(4)NO(3), NaNO(3), free ion activity and total dissolved metal concentration in soil solution) and on environmental bioavailability (modelled using accumulation kinetics) was identified. Among the seven chemical methods, only the EDTA and the total soil concentration can be used to assess Cd and Pb environmental bioavailability to snails (r²(adj)=0.67 and 0.77, respectively). For Zn, none of the chemical methods were suitable. Taking into account the influence of the soil characteristics (pH and CEC) allows a better prediction of Cd and Pb environmental bioavailability (r²(adj)=0.82 and 0.83, respectively). Even though alone none of the chemical methods tested could assess Zn environmental bioavailability to snails, the addition of pH, iron and aluminium oxides allowed the variation of assimilation fluxes to be predicted. A conceptual and practical method to use soil characteristics for risk assessment is proposed based on these results. We conclude that as yet there is no universal chemical method to predict metal environmental bioavailability to snails, and that the soil factors having the greatest impact depend on the metal considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Pauget
- Department Chrono-Environment, UMR UFC/CNRS 6249 USC INRA, University of Franche-Comté, Place Leclerc, F-25030 Besançon Cedex, France
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34
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Gandois L, Probst A. Localisation and mobility of trace metal in silver fir needles. CHEMOSPHERE 2012; 87:204-10. [PMID: 22221667 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2011] [Revised: 12/08/2011] [Accepted: 12/09/2011] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Trace metals (TM: Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb) as well as Al, Mn, and Fe content was measured in needles of a remote silver fir stand in the south of France. TM localisation and behaviour in needles was evaluated by measuring total and internal content of needles of different ages. Measured concentrations fell within background values. Al, Fe, Co, and Pb were trapped in wax following atmospheric particulate deposition. Contrasting accumulation and migration behaviours of the different elements studied were observed. The wax contained less than 10% Mn, Al, Ni, Co, and Zn and 15-45% Fe, Cu, and Cd in the young needles. Lead was mostly located in the wax (50-80%), and this proportion decreased with needle age. Only the internal content of Pb and Fe increased significantly with needle age. Finally, due to atmospheric deposition accumulation, higher input fluxes of Fe, Cu, Cd, and Pb can be expected in forest soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Gandois
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, INP, EcoLab (Laboratoire Ecologie fonctionnelle et Environnement), ENSAT, Avenue de l'Agrobiopôle, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France.
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35
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Pokrovsky OS, Probst A, Leviel E, Liao B. Interactions between cadmium and lead with acidic soils: experimental evidence of similar adsorption patterns for a wide range of metal concentrations and the implications of metal migration. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2012; 199-200:358-366. [PMID: 22142892 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2011.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2011] [Revised: 11/03/2011] [Accepted: 11/07/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The importance of high- and low-affinity surface sites for cadmium and lead adsorption in typical European and Asian soils was investigated. Adsorption experiments on surface and deep horizons of acidic brown (Vosges, France) and red loess soils (Hunan, China) were performed at 25°C as a function of the pH (3.5-8) and a large range of metal concentrations in solution (10(-9)-10(-4) mol l(-1)). We studied the adsorption kinetics using a Cd(2+)-selective electrode and desorption experiments as a function of the solid/solution ratio and pH. At a constant solution pH, all samples exhibited similar maximal adsorption capacities (4.0 ± 0.5 μmol/g Cd and 20 ± 2 μmol/g Pb). A constant slope of adsorbed-dissolved concentration dependence was valid over 5 orders of magnitude of metal concentrations. Universal Langmuir and Freundlich equations and the SCM formalism described the adsorption isotherms and the pH-dependent adsorption edge over very broad ranges of metal concentrations, indicating no high- or low-affinity sites for metal binding at the soil surface under these experimental conditions. At pH 5, Cd and Pb did not compete, in accordance with the SCM. The metal adsorption ability exceeded the value for soil protection by two orders of magnitude, but only critical load guarantees soil protection since metal toxicity depends on metal availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- O S Pokrovsky
- GET-CNRS-UPS-IRD-UMR 5563, 14, Avenue Edouard Belin, 31400 Toulouse, France
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36
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Bur T, Crouau Y, Bianco A, Gandois L, Probst A. Toxicity of Pb and of Pb/Cd combination on the springtail Folsomia candida in natural soils: reproduction, growth and bioaccumulation as indicators. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2012; 414:187-197. [PMID: 22113108 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2011] [Revised: 10/13/2011] [Accepted: 10/13/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The toxicity of Pb and Cd+Pb was assessed on the Collembola F. candida in two cultivated soils (SV and AU) with low organic matter (OM) content and circumneutral to basic pH, and an acid forested soil (EPC) with high OM content. Collembola reproduction and growth as well as metal content in Collembola body, in soil, exchangeable fraction and soil solutions, pH and DOC were investigated. Pb and Cd+Pb were the highest in exchangeable fraction and soil solution of the acidic soils. Soil solution pH decreased after metal spiking in every soil due to metal adsorption, which was similar for Cd and the highest in AU for Pb. With increasing Pb and Cd+Pb, the most important reproduction decrease was in EPC soil. The LOEC for reproduction after metal addition was 2400 (Pb) and 200/2400 (Cd/Pb), 1200 and 100/1200, 300 and 100/1200 μg g(-1) for AU, SV and EPC, respectively. The highest and the lowest Pb toxicity was observed for EPC and AU bulk soil, respectively. The metal in Collembola increased with increasing soil concentration, except in AU, but the decreasing BF(solution) with increasing concentrations indicates a limited metal transfer to Collembola or an increased metal removal. Loading high Pb concentrations decreases Cd absorption by the Collembola, but the reverse was not true. The highest Pb toxicity in EPC can be explained by pH and OM content. Because of metal complexation, OM might have a protective role but its ingestion by Collembola lead to higher toxicity. Metal bioavailability in Collembola differs from soil solution indicating that soil solution is not sufficient to evaluate toxicity in soil organisms. The toxicity as a whole decreased when metals were combined, except for Pb in AU, due to adsorption competition between Cd and Pb on clay particles and OM sites in AU and EPC soils, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Bur
- Université de Toulouse, INP, UPS, EcoLab, Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement, ENSAT, Avenue de l’Agrobiopole, 31326 Castanet Tolosan, France
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37
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Pauget B, Gimbert F, Coeurdassier M, Scheifler R, de Vaufleury A. Use of chemical methods to assess Cd and Pb bioavailability to the snail Cantareus aspersus: a first attempt taking into account soil characteristics. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2011; 192:1804-1811. [PMID: 21813240 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2011.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2011] [Revised: 07/01/2011] [Accepted: 07/04/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Bioavailability is a key parameter in conditioning contaminant transfer to biota. However, in risk assessment of terrestrial contamination, insufficient attention is being paid to the influence of soil type on trace metal bioavailability. This paper addresses the influence of soil properties on the chemical availability of cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) (CaCl(2) extraction and ionic activity) and bioavailability (accumulation kinetics) to the land snail Cantareus aspersus. Snails were exposed to nine contaminated soils differing by a single characteristic (pH or organic matter content or clay content) for 28 days. Toxicokinetic models were applied to determine metal uptake and excretion rates in snails and multivariate regression was used to relate uptake parameters to soil properties. The results showed that alkalinisation of soil and an increase of the organic matter content decreased Pb and Cd bioavailability to snails whereas kaolin clay had no significant influence. The CaCl(2)-extractable concentrations tended to overestimate the effects of pH when used to explain metal uptake rate. We conclude that factors other than those controlling the extractable fraction affect metal bioavailability to snails, confirming the requirement of biota measurements in risk assessment procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Pauget
- Department Chrono-Environment, UMR UFC/CNRS 6249 USC INRA, University of Franche-Comté, Place Leclerc, F-25030 Besançon Cedex, France.
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