1
|
Poyntz-Wright IP, Harrison XA, Johnson A, Zappala S, Tyler CR. Pesticide pollution associations with riverine invertebrate communities in England. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 903:166519. [PMID: 37640080 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Globally freshwater biodiversity has experienced major decline and chemical pollutants are believed to have played a significant role in this decline, but this has not been well quantified for most riverine invertebrate populations. Here we applied a biogeographically independent trait-based bioindicator, SPEARpesticides across sites across five regions (Northern, Midlands and Western, Anglian, Southeast, and Southwest) in England to investigate for associations specifically between pesticide use/pollution and riverine invertebrate communities over a 55-year period (1965-2019). Both spatially and temporally post-1990, the Anglian and Thames regions consistently showed the lowest SPEARpesticides scores, illustrating the presence of fewer pesticide sensitive species. The Anglian region had the highest pesticide use compared to all other regions from 1990 to 2018 and there were negative relationships between the level of pesticide/insecticide use and the regional SPEARpesticides score. Biochemical Oxygen Demand and ammonia, as measures of general water quality, were also negatively correlated with the SPEARpesticides scores across the regions, but these factors were not the driver for the lower SPEARpesticides scores seen in the Anglian region. Based on SPEARpesticides scores, riverine invertebrate communities in England have been most impacted in the Anglian region and we evidence chronic insecticide exposure is likely a significant factor in shaping the status of those invertebrate communities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Imogen P Poyntz-Wright
- Biosciences, Geoffrey Pope Building, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK.
| | - Xavier A Harrison
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Penryn TR10 9FE, UK
| | - Andrew Johnson
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, MacLean Building, Benson Lane, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford OX10 8BB, UK
| | - Susan Zappala
- JNCC, Quay House, 2 East Station Road, Fletton Quays, Peterborough PE2 8YY, UK
| | - Charles R Tyler
- Biosciences, Geoffrey Pope Building, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ferreira MF, Torres C, Bracamonte E, Galetto L. Glyphosate affects the susceptibility of non-target native plant species according to their stage of development and degree of exposure in the landscape. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 865:161091. [PMID: 36566866 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.161091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Unsustainable agriculture is producing a great socio-ecological transformation in Latin America because it has expanded into areas occupied by native forests. Glyphosate is the most widely used herbicide, with severe ecotoxicological effects on non-target organisms. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of glyphosate on seedlings of 24 non-target herbaceous and non-herbaceous plant species present in forest relicts of Argentine Chaco. The effects of a gradient of glyphosate doses (525, 1050, 2100, 4200, and 8400 g ai/ha) were measured in seedlings of each species under greenhouse conditions. Seedlings were grown from seeds collected from native forest fragments of different sizes (assuming three different degrees of historical exposure to glyphosate in the landscape). Doses were applied at different stages of seedling development (five- and ten-weeks after emergence), and phytotoxicity, growth reduction, and sensitivity were measured. Glyphosate produced lethal or sublethal effects in all 24 species, some of which were very sensitive (>60 % of the species presented strong to severe growth reduction with ¼ of the dose used on crops). The greatest toxicological effects were related to early stage of development, herbaceous species, and low historical exposure to glyphosate. According to the species sensitivity distribution, the drift-dose to protect 95 % of the plant species that occur in larger forest fragments should not exceed 5 % of the dose commonly used on crops. These results suggest that the current weed management linked to glyphosate-resistant crops could lead to a gradual loss of biodiversity in the landscape. Concurrently, selection of glyphosate-tolerant biotypes in some non-target species could represent a very problematic cycle for the current model of industrial agriculture. Some alternatives for weed control are proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María Florencia Ferreira
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Avenida Vélez Sarsfield 1611, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Carolina Torres
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Avenida Vélez Sarsfield 1611, Córdoba, Argentina; Cátedra de Diversidad Biológica III, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Avenida Vélez Sarsfield 1611, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Enzo Bracamonte
- Cátedra de Ecotoxicología, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ingeniero Agrónomo Félix Aldo Marrone 746, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Leonardo Galetto
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Avenida Vélez Sarsfield 1611, Córdoba, Argentina; Cátedra de Diversidad Biológica III, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Avenida Vélez Sarsfield 1611, Córdoba, Argentina.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Pautasso NA, Poletta GL, Paravani EV, Sasal MC, Simoniello MF. DNA damage and oxidative stress in gill cells of Cnesterodon decemmaculatus exposed to pesticides by runoff source in an agricultural basin. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2023; 64:187-197. [PMID: 36719131 DOI: 10.1002/em.22529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
In our country, great concern exists about diffuse pollution cause by the great use of pesticides in rural environments. A thorough analysis is needed to generate information, know the real situation and thus, be able to make decisions with the purpose of reducing environmental pollution. In situ bioassays have been carried out using Cnesterodon decemmaculatus within limnocorrals located in a surface natural water system that receives rainfall excess flowing from an agricultural basin with a typical crop rotation, including corn, wheat and soy. Specimens were taken from the limnocorrals 72 h after a probed natural runoff event toward the water body, and the gill cells were used to evaluate the DNA damage (comet assay, CA), catalase enzyme activity (CAT), and lipid peroxidation (LPO). In addition, the physicochemical analysis of the water (pH, temperature) and the presence and concentration of pesticides were carried out. The results showed significant differences on DNA damage and oxidative stress on the gill cells of the exposed fish compared to controls, being the combination of the rain regime and the mixtures of pesticides used in corn and soy more toxic than in wheat. These results highlight the necessity to understand detrimental processes caused by pesticides used in extensive systems of primary production, in order to prevent and minimize diffuse contamination, contributing to environmental recovery and sustainability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Gisela Laura Poletta
- Cátedra de Toxicología, Farmacología y Bioquímica Legal, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria Paraje el Pozo S/N (3000), Santa Fe, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Enrique Valentín Paravani
- Laboratorio de Química Ambiental, Cátedra de Química General e Inorgánica, Facultad de Ingeniería-UNER, Oro Verde, Entre Ríos, Argentina
| | | | - María Fernanda Simoniello
- Cátedra de Toxicología, Farmacología y Bioquímica Legal, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria Paraje el Pozo S/N (3000), Santa Fe, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lavarías SML, Peterson GB, Lagrutta LC, Tropea C, Colman Lerner JE, Rodrigues Capítulo A, Ves-Losada A. Effect of starvation and pesticide exposure on neutral lipid composition of the digestive gland of males of the apple snails Pomacea canaliculata. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2023; 255:106397. [PMID: 36680892 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2023.106397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Pollutants as well as starvation usually modify homeostasis of neutral lipids in aquatic organisms. However, studies on the simultaneous effects of both stressors are scarce. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of toxicant exposure under starvation conditions on neutral lipids of the freshwater snail Pomacea canaliculata, selected as the model organism. Starved adult male snails were exposed to sublethal concentration of the pesticide cypermethrin (100 µg/L) during 4 and 10 days. Fed snails were sacrificed at the onset of the experiment (T0), along with starved snails exposed to the pesticide vehicle (ethanol) and another group without solvent served as controls. Total lipid content, neutral lipid classes, fatty acid composition, and pesticide accumulation were determined in the digestive gland of snails. The ethanol concentration used was not an additional stressful agent. As expected, starvation caused a decrease in neutral lipid content in the digestive gland of snails with respect to T0 snails. Pesticide exposure caused, on the other hand, an increase in triacylglycerol content compared to ethanol exposure at day 10 of the bioassay. This increment correlated with the bioconcentration of cypermethrin, which was 47% higher by day 10 than by day 4. The fatty acid profile of triacylglycerols in the digestive gland was significantly altered under starvation and pesticide exposure. Stressed male snails showed the ability to preserve polyunsaturated fatty acids, as evidenced by their significant increase with respect to T0 snails. These results suggest that the alteration of lipid homeostasis could be involved in an adaptive mechanism of aquatic organisms to lipophilic and obesogenic pollutants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S M L Lavarías
- Instituto de Limnología de La Plata"Dr. Raúl A. Ringuelet" (ILPLA-CCT-La Plata-CONICET- CICPBA-UNLP), Boulevard 120 y 62, La Plata 1900, Argentina.
| | - G B Peterson
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata "Profesor Doctor Rodolfo R. Brenner" (INIBIOLP-CCT-La Plata-CONICET-UNLP), La Plata, Argentina
| | - L C Lagrutta
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata "Profesor Doctor Rodolfo R. Brenner" (INIBIOLP-CCT-La Plata-CONICET-UNLP), La Plata, Argentina
| | - C Tropea
- Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental (IBBEA-CONICET-FCEyN-UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - J E Colman Lerner
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ciencias Aplicadas "Dr. Jorge J. Ronco" (CONICET- CICPBA-UNLP), La Plata, Argentina
| | - A Rodrigues Capítulo
- Instituto de Limnología de La Plata"Dr. Raúl A. Ringuelet" (ILPLA-CCT-La Plata-CONICET- CICPBA-UNLP), Boulevard 120 y 62, La Plata 1900, Argentina
| | - A Ves-Losada
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata "Profesor Doctor Rodolfo R. Brenner" (INIBIOLP-CCT-La Plata-CONICET-UNLP), La Plata, Argentina; Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, UNLP, La Plata, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Arrighetti F, Landro SM, Lavarías SML. Sensitivity of histopathological and histochemical parameters in the digestive gland of the apple snail Pomacea canaliculata exposed to cypermethrin. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2022; 252:106292. [PMID: 36137307 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2022.106292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the toxic effects of the pesticide cypermethrin (CYP) in the digestive gland of the apple snail, Pomacea canaliculata, analysing histological and histochemical alterations. Adult snails were exposed to sublethal CYP concentrations (10, 25, and 100 µg/L) under acute (1 day) and sub-chronic (14 days) conditions. Histological analyses of the morphology of the digestive gland were performed and a histopathological condition index (HI) was calculated. Also, both intracellular accumulation of lipofuscins (LF) and neutral lipids (NL) were evaluated. CYP exposure induced tissue damage to this organ, such as disorganisation of the connective tissue, fibrosis, haemocytic infiltration, atrophy, and necrosis under acute and sub-chronic conditions. These alterations, integrated into a single HI value, revealed notable CYP effects during both acute and sub-chronic exposures. Cell type replacement, measured as VvBAS, was only observed in the sub-chronic treatment. Under acute conditions, the pyrethroid affected NL accumulation at the highest concentration, while in sub-chronic conditions NL accumulation was only observed at the lowest concentrations. P. canaliculata also showed a dose-dependent response of LF under acute CYP exposure conditions. However, under sub-chronic conditions, this parameter was not sensitive to pesticide exposure. All these relevant structural lesions may affect the normal function of the digestive gland, even though the species presented additional mechanisms, as infiltration of hemocyte and basophilic cell hyperplasia, that help it to tolerate the exposure to pollutants. This study showed that some histological and histochemical parameters are sensitive in P. canaliculata at CYP concentrations to which the snail could be exposed in the environments it inhabits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Florencia Arrighetti
- Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia" CONICET, CABA, Argentina.
| | - Sonia M Landro
- Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia" CONICET, CABA, Argentina
| | - Sabrina M L Lavarías
- Instituto de Limnología de La Plata"Dr. Raúl A. Ringuelet" (ILPLA) CCT CONICET La Plata-Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), La Plata, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Andrade VS, Gutierrez MF, Gagneten AM. Effect of rainfall runoff from agricultural areas and seasonal crop practices on zooplankton community in Pampean streams, Argentina. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:41713-41724. [PMID: 35098456 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-18417-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Extreme climatic events are considered one of the main consequences of climate change. In the Pampas region, Argentina, an intensification of rainfall is expected during the periods of maximum agrochemical application. This study assesses the main factors determining the zooplankton community attributes in three streams belonging to the agricultural Pampas region, Argentina, and the effect of rainfall and seasonal crop practices on the zooplankton community composition. Sampling campaigns were performed before and after three rainfall events during two seasonal crop practices: (1) soybean chemical fallow-sowing and corn vegetative growth-flowering, (2) soybean vegetative growth-grain filling and corn sowing. The runoff in agricultural areas affected the zooplankton community attributes and composition. The biological oxygen demand, turbidity, and conductivity were the main water quality variables affecting the zooplankton community attributes. The increase of these variables after rainfall or during pre-emergence crop practices favoured the zooplankton groups most tolerant to eutrophication such as Bdelloidea, Chydoridae, Moinidae, and Sididae. Factors such as rainfall and seasonal crop practices must be considered in environmental monitoring design.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Soledad Andrade
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología, Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Facultad de Humanidades Y Ciencias, Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL), Ciudad Universitaria, Santa Fe, 3000, Argentina.
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas Y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Nat. Route 168, Km 0, Santa Fe, 3000, Argentina.
| | - María Florencia Gutierrez
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas Y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Nat. Route 168, Km 0, Santa Fe, 3000, Argentina
- Instituto Nacional de Limnología (INALI-CONICET-UNL), Ciudad Universitaria, Santa Fe, 3000, Argentina
- Facultad de Bioquímica Y Ciencias Biológicas - Escuela Superior de Sanidad "Dr. Ramón Carrillo", UNL, Ciudad Universitaria, Santa Fe, 3000, Argentina
| | - Ana María Gagneten
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología, Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Facultad de Humanidades Y Ciencias, Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL), Ciudad Universitaria, Santa Fe, 3000, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Benthic Macroinvertebrates and Zooplankton Communities as Ecological Indicators in Urban Wetlands of Argentina. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14074045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Urban aquatic ecosystems are important sources of fresh water for multiple uses, but often receive a point or diffuse anthropic contamination. Benthic and zooplankton invertebrates are sensitive to water quality, being good indicators of ecosystem health. In this study, the composition and structure of benthic and zooplankton communities and environmental variables were analyzed seasonally in six urban wetlands of Santa Fe City (Argentina). We present the effect of water quality on both communities as bioindicators of ecological conditions, using different community attributes, functional feeding groups, and biotic indices. For the benthic community, the Macroinvertebrate Index for Pampean Rivers (IMRP) and the Benthic Community Index (BCI) were selected. For the zooplankton community, abundance of rotifers/abundance of total zooplankters, microcrustaceans/total zooplankters, cladocerans/total zooplankters, and macrozooplankton/microzooplankton ratios were applied. A functional feeding groups (FFGs) classification, adapted from the literature, is proposed for zooplankters. The urban wetlands showed a gradient from the most to the least disturbed sites. Some benthic and zooplankton species were identified as excellent bioindicators of pollution, and the FFGs and biotic indices revealed the ecological condition of each urban wetland. The present study contributes to the enhancement of management practices in urban landscapes aiming to maintain ecosystem services in sustainable cities.
Collapse
|
8
|
Lavarías SML, Colpo KD, Landro SM, Ambrosio ES, Rodrigues Capítulo A, Arrighetti F. Deleterious effects of two pesticide formulations with different toxicological mechanisms in the hepatopancreas of a freshwater prawn. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 286:131920. [PMID: 34426275 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the acute effects of the pyrethroid cypermethrin (CYP) and the last generation pesticide spirotetramat (STM) on the prawn Macrobrachium borellii. Initially, the 96-h LC50 was determined in adult prawns. Then, prawns were exposed to sublethal concentrations of pesticides (5% and 20% of the 96-h LC50 values) for four days and hepatopancreas were dissected for biomarkers analyses. Total protein and uric acid content, glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity, levels of lipid peroxidation (LPO), and protein oxidation (PO) were evaluated. Additionally, the presence of histopathological changes, lipofuscins, and neutral lipids accumulation were analyzed. The 96-h LC50 values were 0.12 μg/L and 8.2 mg/L for CYP and STM, respectively. The total proteins and uric acid content were not significantly affected by the treatments (p > 0.05). STM significantly affected the GST activity only at the highest concentration (p < 0.001). However, LPO and OP levels were affected by the lowest concentrations of both pesticides (p < 0.003). CYP and STM caused dose-dependent histological damage as was indicated by the histopathological index. The accumulation of lipofuscins showed a dose-dependent response, while the neutral lipids were significantly accumulated in the prawns exposed to the lowest concentration of both pesticides (p < 0.001). The integrated biomarker index (IBRv2) results indicated that the histological parameters represented the most sensitive biomarkers in M. borellii exposed to CYP and STM. Besides, the pyrethroid showed the highest response at concentration ranges that could be present in its natural environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S M L Lavarías
- Instituto de Limnología de La Plata"Dr. Raúl A. Ringuelet" (ILPLA) CONICET CCT La Plata-Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), La Plata, Argentina.
| | - K D Colpo
- Instituto de Limnología de La Plata"Dr. Raúl A. Ringuelet" (ILPLA) CONICET CCT La Plata-Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), La Plata, Argentina
| | - S M Landro
- Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia" CONICET, CABA, Argentina
| | - E S Ambrosio
- Instituto de Limnología de La Plata"Dr. Raúl A. Ringuelet" (ILPLA) CONICET CCT La Plata-Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), La Plata, Argentina
| | - A Rodrigues Capítulo
- Instituto de Limnología de La Plata"Dr. Raúl A. Ringuelet" (ILPLA) CONICET CCT La Plata-Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), La Plata, Argentina
| | - F Arrighetti
- Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia" CONICET, CABA, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Solis M, Cappelletti N, Bonetto C, Franco M, Fanelli S, Amalvy J, Mugni H. Attenuation of insecticide impact by a small wetland in a stream draining a horticultural basin in Argentina. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 785:147317. [PMID: 33933765 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Horticulture has greatly increased in Argentina in recent decades mainly due to increasing greenhouse utilization and agrochemical consumption, thus representing a threat to adjacent water bodies. Riparian wetlands, however, could attenuate agrochemical contamination. The present work therefore compared insecticide concentrations in bottom sediments in addition to sediment toxicity to the amphipod Hyalella curvispina and investigated the macroinvertebrate composition upstream and downstream from a natural wetland in a small stream draining a basin undergoing intense horticultural production. The wetland surface was covered by macrophytes, mainly Thypha sp., and the insecticide concentrations measured downstream from the wetland were significantly lower, at roughly 19% of the upstream values. The growth rates of H. curvispina were significantly higher when exposed to the sediments downstream from the wetland, while the macroinvertebrate-assemblage composition was significantly different upstream and downstream: the snail Pomacea canaliculata was the dominant species upstream while the amphipod H. curvispina was dominant downstream. Pomacea canaliculata is often the dominant species in the regional streams draining agriculture and horticultural basins. Hyalella curvispina is sensitive to pesticide toxicity and is often dominant in streams draining extensive livestock basins and within a biosphere reserve. We conclude that riparian wetlands effectively attenuate horticulture contamination in pampean streams and should therefore be preserved and restored.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Solis
- Instituto de Limnología "Dr. Raúl Ringuelet" (CONICET-UNLP), Bv 120 n° 1437, CP 1900 La Plata, Argentina.
| | - N Cappelletti
- Grupo de investigación en Geología Ambiental (GIGA), Universidad Nacional de Avellaneda (UNDAV), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Avellaneda, Argentina
| | - C Bonetto
- Instituto de Limnología "Dr. Raúl Ringuelet" (CONICET-UNLP), Bv 120 n° 1437, CP 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - M Franco
- Universidad Nacional de Avellaneda, Mario Bravo 1460, CP 1870, Avellaneda, Argentina
| | - S Fanelli
- Instituto de Limnología "Dr. Raúl Ringuelet" (CONICET-UNLP), Bv 120 n° 1437, CP 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - J Amalvy
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales, CITEMA (UTN/CICPBA). Av. 60 y 124, CP 1923 Berisso, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - H Mugni
- Instituto de Limnología "Dr. Raúl Ringuelet" (CONICET-UNLP), Bv 120 n° 1437, CP 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
da Silva Pinto TJ, Moreira RA, da Silva LCM, Yoshii MPC, Goulart BV, Fraga PD, da Silva Rolim VL, Montagner CC, Daam MA, Espindola ELG. Toxicity of fipronil and 2,4-D formulations (alone and in a mixture) to the tropical amphipod Hyalella meinerti. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:38308-38321. [PMID: 33733415 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13296-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Conventional farming uses a large volume of pesticides that may reach aquatic ecosystems. This is also the case for the insecticide fipronil and the herbicide 2,4-D, which are widely used in many crops. This study aimed at evaluating the individual and mixture toxicity of these pesticides to the tropical amphipod Hyalella meinerti. To this end, acute toxicity tests (96 h) were conducted. Chronic bioassays (10 days) were also carried out, in which the body length and dry biomass were evaluated as endpoints. In addition, a complete factorial mixture chronic toxicity test was carried out. H. meinerti was sensitive to fipronil in the acute toxicity tests, with a LC50-96-h of 0.86 μg L-1 (95% CI 0.26-0.46), and no acute effects were observed after 2,4-D exposure even at the highest test concentration of 100 mg L-1. In the chronic toxicity tests, all tested concentrations of both pesticides decreased the growth of H. meinerti, in which losses on biomass reached 45% and 65% for 2,4-D and fipronil, respectively. The pesticide mixture indicated antagonism although it still significantly decreased the body growth. The results obtained indicate a high sensitivity of H. meinerti exposed to environmentally realistic concentrations, demonstrating that there are risks for the species in real field conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thandy Junio da Silva Pinto
- PPG-SEA and NEEA/CRHEA/SHS, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São Carlense, 400, São Carlos, 13560-970, Brazil.
| | - Raquel Aparecida Moreira
- PPG-SEA and NEEA/CRHEA/SHS, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São Carlense, 400, São Carlos, 13560-970, Brazil
| | - Laís Conceição Menezes da Silva
- PPG-SEA and NEEA/CRHEA/SHS, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São Carlense, 400, São Carlos, 13560-970, Brazil
| | - Maria Paula Cardoso Yoshii
- PPG-SEA and NEEA/CRHEA/SHS, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São Carlense, 400, São Carlos, 13560-970, Brazil
| | - Bianca Veloso Goulart
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Priscille Dreux Fraga
- PPG-SEA and NEEA/CRHEA/SHS, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São Carlense, 400, São Carlos, 13560-970, Brazil
| | - Victor Luiz da Silva Rolim
- PPG-SEA and NEEA/CRHEA/SHS, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São Carlense, 400, São Carlos, 13560-970, Brazil
| | - Cassiana Carolina Montagner
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Michiel Adriaan Daam
- CENSE, Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, New University of Lisbon, Quinta da Torre, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Evaldo Luiz Gaeta Espindola
- PPG-SEA and NEEA/CRHEA/SHS, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São Carlense, 400, São Carlos, 13560-970, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Huang X, Cui H, Duan W. Ecotoxicity of chlorpyrifos to aquatic organisms: A review. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 200:110731. [PMID: 32450436 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides play an important role in promoting agricultural development, while their unreasonable use has led to environmental problems. Chlorpyrifos (CPF), a typical organophosphate pesticide, is used globally as an insecticide in agriculture. The extensive application of CPF has resulted in water contamination, and CPF has been detected in rivers, lakes, seawater, and even in rain. In the present review, CPF was selected due to its extensive use in agriculture and higher detection rate in surface waters. In this review we summarised the evidence related to CPF pollution and focused on discussing the ecotoxicity of CPF to aquatic systems and revealed the mechanism of action of CPF. The aim of this literature review was to summarise the knowledge of the toxicity to marine and freshwater organisms of CPF as well as try to select a series of sensitive biomarkers, which are suitable for ecotoxicological assessment and environmental monitoring in aquatic systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Huang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Hongwu Cui
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Weiyan Duan
- Ocean College of Hebei Agricultural University, Qinhuangdao, Hebei Province, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Agost L, Velázquez GA. Crop proximity index for monitoring of peri-urban land use in agro-industrial crop regions. Heliyon 2020; 6:e04382. [PMID: 32671267 PMCID: PMC7350127 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The agro-industrial production of genetically modified organisms uses great amounts of pesticides, close to cities, which generates growing concern due to the numerous evidence of their negative effects on health and the environment. In a context of the lack, or inaccessibility, of official data on crop dynamics and pesticide use, environmental indicators using satellite data are needed for the proper monitoring of peri-urban areas. The objective of this research is to make a crop proximity index using satellite information to assess and monitor peri-urban agro-industrial activity. Twenty cities in Argentina and ten in the United States were selected. The CPI index is designed to evaluate a city and its peri-urban areas as a whole by taking account of the land uses and factors that can potentially influence the proximity to agro-industrial activity to the population living in those cities. Agriculture factor was weighted by proximity or remoteness using perimeter rings from the urban edge. All the necessary data for the calculation of the CPI index were obtained through the classification and processing of Sentinel 2 satellite images with software and the Google Earth Engine platform. The results show a worrying situation, 90% of cities in Argentina and 80% in the United States have a negative CPI. Most of the cities examined are extremely close to extensive areas of crops, that use a high amount of pesticides and which do not have the protection of trees or buffer zones.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisandro Agost
- Centro de Ecología y Recursos Naturales Renovables (CERNAR) - IIByT CONICET- UNC, Av. Vélez Sarsfield 1611, CP 5000, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Guillermo Angel Velázquez
- Instituto de Geografía, Historia y Ciencias Sociales (CONICET/UNCPBA) y Centro de Investigaciones Geográficas (FCH/UNCPBA), Pinto 399, CP 7000, Tandil, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Gutierrez MF, Molina FR, Frau D, Mayora G, Battauz Y. Interactive effects of fish predation and sublethal insecticide concentrations on freshwater zooplankton communities. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 196:110497. [PMID: 32247956 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Stresses imposed by insecticides and predators are possibly the most rigorous filters to which aquatic organisms are exposed in rivers and lakes associated with agricultural lands. However, their interactive effects on zooplankton communities are still unclear. This study elucidated the zooplankton community response to fish predation, the insecticide chlorpyrifos (CLP), and a combination of both factors, using a 30-day mesocosm experiment. The zooplankton assemblage was influenced by fish presence prior to CLP toxicity. Fish predation reduced microcrustacean density leading to a community dominated by microzooplankton (i.e.: rotifers and copepod nauplii). CLP decreased the species richness in treatments with and without fish, yielding an increase in the abundance of bdelloid rotifers, in the genera Lepadella and Trichocerca. The zooplankton:phytoplankton (<20 μm) ratio decreased substantially when the two stressors, fish predation and insecticide toxicity, were combined. Although CLP dissipated relatively rapidly in the aqueous phase and accumulated in sediment and fish tissue, zooplankton richness was unable to recover. A possible explanation for this could be the inhibitory effect of CLP on resting stage hatchings in the sediment. Therefore, the combined effects of fish predation and CLP might influence zooplankton richness, leading to an assemblage dominated by rotifers that appeared to be resistant to both factors, with a limited capability to control phytoplankton growth. Thus, the effects of natural and anthropogenic stressors should be considered together when assessing community dynamics in aquatic ecosystems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María Florencia Gutierrez
- Instituto Nacional de Limnología (CONICET-UNL), Ciudad Universitaria, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina; Escuela Superior de Sanidad "Dr. Ramón Carrillo" (FBCB-UNL), Ciudad Universitaria, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina.
| | - Florencia Rojas Molina
- Instituto Nacional de Limnología (CONICET-UNL), Ciudad Universitaria, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina; Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias (FHUC-UNL), Ciudad Universitaria, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Diego Frau
- Instituto Nacional de Limnología (CONICET-UNL), Ciudad Universitaria, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Gisela Mayora
- Instituto Nacional de Limnología (CONICET-UNL), Ciudad Universitaria, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Yamila Battauz
- Instituto Nacional de Limnología (CONICET-UNL), Ciudad Universitaria, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina; Universidad Autónoma de Entre Ríos, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, 3100, Entre Ríos, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Arias M, Bonetto C, Mugni H. Sublethal effects on Simocephalus vetulus (Cladocera: Daphnidae) of pulse exposures of cypermethrin. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 196:110546. [PMID: 32251952 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Pyrethroids are among the most widely applied insecticides worldwide and cypermethrin is the pyrethroid most used in Argentina. Pesticides used in crops can reach adjacent watercourses through runoff and may lead to non-target fauna receiving toxic pulse exposures. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of cypermethrin pulse exposures on the widely distributed crustacean Simocephalus vetulus. The 48h-LC50 of cypermethrin for S. vetulus was determined at 0.18 ± 0.09 μg/L. To assess the effects of cypermethrin under environmentally realistic exposures, two experiments were performed. In the first one, specimens were exposed for 90 min to cypermethrin at 0.02 (T1), 0.2 (T2) and 1 μg/L (T3), transferred to clean water and monitored for 24 h as regards survival and feeding rates; specimens exposed to T2 and T3 concentrations showed significant lower feeding rates than those in the control group. In the second experiment, specimens were exposed for 90 min every 7 days and monitored over 25 days; S. vetulus showed lower cumulative fecundity and reproduction rates at all concentrations tested, and lower population growth at the highest concentration. All exposure concentrations lay within reported environmental concentrations and risk assessment indicated risk (RQ > 1), suggesting that sensitive species would be affected by such pulse exposures of cypermethrin. The present study thus suggests that ongoing agricultural practices affect the non-target invertebrates in streams adjacent to crops.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marina Arias
- Instituto de Limnología "Dr. Raúl A. Ringuelet" (ILPLA), UNLP-CONICET-FCNyM, Boulevard 120 y 62, 1900, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Carlos Bonetto
- Instituto de Limnología "Dr. Raúl A. Ringuelet" (ILPLA), UNLP-CONICET-FCNyM, Boulevard 120 y 62, 1900, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Hernán Mugni
- Instituto de Limnología "Dr. Raúl A. Ringuelet" (ILPLA), UNLP-CONICET-FCNyM, Boulevard 120 y 62, 1900, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Barreto E, Salgado Costa C, Demetrio P, Lascano C, Venturino A, Natale GS. Sensitivity of Boana pulchella (Anura: Hylidae) Tadpoles to Environmentally Relevant Concentrations of Chlorpyrifos: Effects at the Individual and Biochemical Levels. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2020; 39:834-841. [PMID: 31925824 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We report sublethal effects of environmentally relevant concentrations of chlorpyrifos at the individual (swimming alterations) and biochemical (esterase activities and antioxidant enzymes) levels in the Montevideo tree frog Boana pulchella larvae. The 50% lethal concentration at 96 h (LC50-96h) for chlorpyrifos in stage-29 B. pulchella tadpoles was 0.98 mg/L, which was close to the 65th percentile of published anuran species sensitivity. In B. pulchella, chlorpyrifos disrupted biochemical processes: tadpoles showed a significant inhibition of esterase activity and a significant induction of antioxidant enzymes, indicating a response to an environmental challenge causing oxidative stress. Using principal components analysis, we could associate chlorpyrifos reduction in esterase activity with swimming alterations at 0.5 mg/L of the toxicant. The biochemical biomarkers reported in the present study respond at levels 20 times lower than the LC50-96h and were associated with a biologically important response-swimming behavior. The link of responses across different levels of biological organization was demonstrated. The species is suitable as a model for ecotoxicological studies at different levels, including the individual and biochemical levels, and may be considered a good reference organism in environmental control programs. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:834-841. © 2020 SETAC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evelina Barreto
- CIM, CONICET, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carolina Salgado Costa
- CIM, CONICET, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pablo Demetrio
- CIM, CONICET, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cecilia Lascano
- CITAAC, CONICET, IBAC, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Cinco Saltos, Río Negro, Argentina
| | - Andrés Venturino
- CITAAC, CONICET, IBAC, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Cinco Saltos, Río Negro, Argentina
| | - Guillermo S Natale
- CIM, CONICET, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Alvarez M, Du Mortier C, Jaureguiberry S, Venturino A. Joint Probabilistic Analysis of Risk for Aquatic Species and Exceedence Frequency for the Agricultural Use of Chlorpyrifos in the Pampean Region, Argentina. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2019; 38:1748-1755. [PMID: 30985933 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The Pampa Húmeda region in Argentina is characterized by soybean, wheat, and maize production, with intensive application of agrochemicals such as herbicides and insecticides. We used a joint probabilistic approach to analyze the probabilities for environmental chlorpyrifos concentrations measured in the Pampa Húmeda to exceed acute or chronic hazardous concentration for 5% of the species (HC5) values estimated from species sensitivity distributions for aquatic species. Chlorpyrifos concentrations in water ranged from 0.0005 to 10.8 µg/L, with a median of 0.013 µg/L. The HC5 limits were 0.0637 µg/L for acute and 0.0007 µg/L for chronic effects. The probabilities for chlorpyrifos environmental concentrations to exceed the HC5 values ranged from 35% (acute effects) to 96% (chronic effects). Water quality criteria (WQC) for the protection of aquatic life were also frequently exceeded (by 48-87%) for both acute and chronic effects. Together with published threshold limit values from mesocosm studies, these data suggest that macroinvertebrate communities can be severely affected by the reported environmental concentrations of chlorpyrifos. Indeed, changes in the macroinvertebrate assemblage in the Pampa Húmeda have been correlated with chlorpyrifos levels in sediments. Nevertheless, the actual impact needs to be ascertained by assessing the recovery rate of macroinvertebrate populations in this region. Considering the HC5 for chronic effects and the threshold limits for macroinvertebrate community level effects, we propose 0.7 ng/L as a new WQC to effectively protect aquatic life from long-term exposure to chlorpyrifos. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:1748-1755. © 2019 SETAC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melina Alvarez
- Centro de Estudios Transdisciplinarios del Agua-Investigaciones en Producción Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cecile Du Mortier
- Centro de Estudios Transdisciplinarios del Agua-Investigaciones en Producción Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Soledad Jaureguiberry
- Centro de Investigaciones en Toxicología Ambiental y Agrobiotecnología del Comahue, Universidad Nacional del Comahue y Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires and Neuquén, Argentina
| | - Andrés Venturino
- Centro de Investigaciones en Toxicología Ambiental y Agrobiotecnología del Comahue, Universidad Nacional del Comahue y Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires and Neuquén, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Achiorno CL, de Villalobos C, Ferrari L. Susceptibility of Chordodes nobilii (Gordiida, Nematomorpha) to three pesticides: Influence of the water used for dilution on endpoints in an ecotoxicity bioassay. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 242:1427-1435. [PMID: 30142558 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 07/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The increased use of pesticides during recent years necessitates a reevaluation of the effect of those compounds by extending the range of nontarget species commonly used in risk assessment. In the present work, we thus determined the impact of the pesticides glyphosate, carbendazim, and malathion on the parasite Chordodes nobilii in both natural and reconstituted freshwater as the assay medium and tested the sensitivity of three of this species's ecologically relevant parameters-e. g., embryo nonviablity and the infective capability of larvae exposed for 48 or 96 h either in ovo or after hatching via the infection index mean abundance-to compare those parameters to data from previous trials with reconstituted freshwater. In natural-freshwater assays, at environmentally relevant concentrations, all three pesticides inhibited the preparasitic-stage endpoints; with carbendazim being the most toxic pesticide and the subsequent infectivity of larvae exposed in ovo the most sensitive endpoint. In general, the 50%-inhibitory concentrations assayed in reconstituted freshwater were higher than those obtained in natural freshwater, indicating a certain protective effect; whereas the maximal toxicity of the three pesticides in both aqueous environments was essentially similar. The sensitivity of C. nobilii to these agents demonstrated that this species is one of the most susceptible to toxicity by all three pesticides. These findings with the assay methodology provide relevant information for a future assessment of the risk of toxicity to aquatic ecosystems and furthermore underscore the need to include parasitic organisms among the nontarget species canvassed. We also recommend that in the bioassays in which the risk assessment is carried out, water from a nontarget species's natural environment be used in parallel in order to obtain more conclusive results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia L Achiorno
- Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores (CEPAVE), Universidad Nacional de La Plata (CCT La Plata-CONICET-UNLP), Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Cristina de Villalobos
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lucrecia Ferrari
- Programa de Ecofisiología Aplicada (PRODEA), Instituto de Ecología y Desarrollo Sustentable (INEDES) UNLu-CONICET y Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Nacional de Luján, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Presence of esterase and laccase in Bacillus subtilis facilitates biodegradation and detoxification of cypermethrin. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12755. [PMID: 30143738 PMCID: PMC6109164 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31082-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitous presence of cypermethrin as a contaminant in surface stream and soil necessitates to develop potential bioremediation methods to degrade and eliminate this pollutant from the environment. A cypermethrin utilizing bacterial strain (MIC, 450 ppm) was isolated from the soil of pesticide contaminated agriculture field and characterized by using polyphasic approach. On molecular basis bacterial isolate showed 98% homology with Bacillus subtilis strain 1D. Under optimized growth conditions, bacteria showed 95% degradation of cypermethrin after 15 days and the end products of cypermethrin biodegradation under aerobic conditions were cyclododecylamine, phenol, 3-(2,2-dichloroethenyl 2,2-dimethyl cyclopropane carboxylate,1-decanol,chloroacetic acid, acetic acid, cyclopentan palmitoleic acid, and decanoic acid. Amplification of esterase (700 bp) and laccase (1200 bp) genes was confirmed by PCR which showed a possible role of these enzymes in biodegradation of cypermethrin. In the presence of cypermethrin Km value(s) of both the enzymes was low than the control. A nobel cypermethrin degradation pathway followed by B. subtilis was proposed on the basis of characterization of biodegraded products of cypermethrin using GC-MS. Cypermethrin biodegradation ability of Bacillus subtilis strain 1D without producing any toxic end product reveals the potential of this organism in cleaning of pesticide contaminated soil and water.
Collapse
|
19
|
Sastre S, Fernández Torija C, Atiénzar Pertusa I, Beltrán EM, Pablos MV, González-Doncel M. Stage-dependent effects of chlorpyrifos on medaka (Oryzias latipes) swimming behavior using a miniaturized swim flume. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2018; 200:37-49. [PMID: 29723761 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2018.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
By considering chlorpyrifos (CPF), an organophosphorus pesticide with known mechanisms of action that affect neurobehavioral development, we assessed the validity and sensitivity of a miniaturized swim flume by investigating the effects of the insecticide on swimming behavior in medaka (Oryzias latipes) fish growing stages. Medaka in three developmental periods, namely 0, 20 and 40 day-old post-hatch (i.e. time points 0, 20 and 40, respectively), were exposed to CPF (12.5, 25, 50 and 100 μg/L) for 48 h under semi-static conditions. The CPF half-lives during exposures were evaluated and the swimming patterns in a flume section (arena) were presented on two-dimensional gradient maps of forced movement of fish against water current. A comparative numerical analysis of fish residence times between each time point control and the corresponding CPF groups was performed by dividing arenas into 15 proportional areas. The time point 0 control group gradient map showed a noticeably different swim pattern from those of the ≥12.5 μg CPF/L groups, which was statistically supported by the differences for residence times seen in ≥12 corresponding areas. The control group gradient maps for time points 20 and 40 differed from those of the respective ≥12.5 μg CPF/L groups. The comparative analysis of the residence times in the corresponding 15 areas revealed differences in ≥5 areas for time point 20 and in ≥3 areas for time point 40. The integrative analysis of the gradient maps and the numerical statistics revealed stage-specific effects and a concentration-response relationship between CPF and alterations on forced medaka swimming despite the dissipation of CPF from the water column. These results indicate the validity of the miniaturized swim flume toward a more environmentally realistic scenario for the evaluation of neurodevelopmental and behavioral toxicity in small fish models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Salvador Sastre
- Laboratory for Ecotoxicology, Department of the Environment, National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology, A-6, Km. 7.5, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Fernández Torija
- Laboratory for Ecotoxicology, Department of the Environment, National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology, A-6, Km. 7.5, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Atiénzar Pertusa
- Laboratory for Ecotoxicology, Department of the Environment, National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology, A-6, Km. 7.5, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Eulalia María Beltrán
- Laboratory for Ecotoxicology, Department of the Environment, National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology, A-6, Km. 7.5, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Victoria Pablos
- Laboratory for Ecotoxicology, Department of the Environment, National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology, A-6, Km. 7.5, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel González-Doncel
- Laboratory for Ecotoxicology, Department of the Environment, National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology, A-6, Km. 7.5, E-28040 Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Salgado Costa C, Ronco AE, Trudeau VL, Marino D, Natale GS. Tadpoles of the horned frog Ceratophrys ornata exhibit high sensitivity to chlorpyrifos for conventional ecotoxicological and novel bioacoustic variables. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 235:938-947. [PMID: 29751398 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.12.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Revised: 12/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies reported that some species of the family Ceratophryidae are able to produce sounds during premetamorphic tadpole stages. We have now determined the effects of the cholinesterase-inhibiting insecticide chlorpyrifos (CPF) on sounds emitted by tadpoles of Ceratophrys ornata. Tadpoles were exposed individually in order to evaluate the progression of effects. Effects on sound production were complemented with common ecotoxicological endpoints (mortality, behavior, abnormalities and growth inhibition). C. ornata was found to be more sensitive than other native (= 67%, 50%) and non-native species (= 75%, 100%) considering lethal and sublethal endpoints, respectively. Effects on sounds appear along with alterations in swimming, followed by the presence of mild, then severe abnormalities and finally death. Therefore, sound production may be a good biomarker since it anticipates other endpoints that are also affected by CPF. Ceratophrys ornata is a promising new model species in ecotoxicology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Salgado Costa
- CIM, CONICET, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, 47 y 115 (1900), La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - A E Ronco
- CIM, CONICET, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, 47 y 115 (1900), La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - V L Trudeau
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada.
| | - D Marino
- CIM, CONICET, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, 47 y 115 (1900), La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - G S Natale
- CIM, CONICET, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, 47 y 115 (1900), La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Solis M, Bonetto C, Marrochi N, Paracampo A, Mugni H. Aquatic macroinvertebrate assemblages are affected by insecticide applications on the Argentine Pampas. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 148:11-16. [PMID: 29028497 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Agriculture intensification in Argentina has increased agrochemicals consumption in the last decades and might represent an environmental risk for adjacent water bodies. The objective of the present work was to assess the effect of land use on water quality and invertebrate assemblages in the Argentine Pampas streams. Eight streams were sampled on 4 occasions during the 2013/14 growing season. Three streams are located within a biosphere reserve, two drain basins with extensive livestock fields, and three run through intensively cultivated plots; one of them contained a 30m wide uncultivated grass-covered strip between the crop and the stream. Macroinvertebrates were sampled from emergent vegetation by means of a D-net with a 500µm pore size, and 30cm diameter. Higher nutrient concentrations were measured in the agricultural streams. Endosulfan was measured in sediments of the agricultural streams, concentrations being significantly lower in the stream with the buffer strip. Invertebrate assemblages in the cropped streams were significantly different from those in the livestock and reserve streams, those in the latter not being different from each other. Ampullaridae (Pomacea canaliculata) and Planorbidae (Biomophalaria peregrina) were the taxa best represented in the agricultural streams. Hyalellidae (Hyalella curvispina), Zygoptera and Planorbidae (B. peregrina) were the taxa best represented in the reserve and livestock streams. Present evidence suggests that the observed differences in the invertebrate composition in the agricultural streams were related with the impact of agrochemicals and that buffer strips represent a useful attenuation practice. Cattle breeding on natural pastures represented a land use with low impact on the invertebrate assemblages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marina Solis
- ILPLA (Instituto de Limnología "Dr. Raúl A. Ringuelet"), UNLP, FCNyM, CONICET, Boulevard 120 y 62, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Carlos Bonetto
- ILPLA (Instituto de Limnología "Dr. Raúl A. Ringuelet"), UNLP, FCNyM, CONICET, Boulevard 120 y 62, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Natalia Marrochi
- ILPLA (Instituto de Limnología "Dr. Raúl A. Ringuelet"), UNLP, FCNyM, CONICET, Boulevard 120 y 62, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ariel Paracampo
- ILPLA (Instituto de Limnología "Dr. Raúl A. Ringuelet"), UNLP, FCNyM, CONICET, Boulevard 120 y 62, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Hernán Mugni
- ILPLA (Instituto de Limnología "Dr. Raúl A. Ringuelet"), UNLP, FCNyM, CONICET, Boulevard 120 y 62, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Arrighetti F, Ambrosio E, Astiz M, Capítulo AR, Lavarías S. Differential response between histological and biochemical biomarkers in the apple snail Pomacea canaliculata (Gasteropoda: Amullariidae) exposed to cypermethrin. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2018; 194:140-151. [PMID: 29179149 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2017.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
To develop effective programs to monitor water quality is necessary to identify sensitive biomarkers in indicator species. The aim of this study was to evaluate different biomarkers in the apple snail Pomacea canaliculata exposed to the insecticide Cypermethrin (CYP). Adult male and female snails were exposed to sublethal CYP concentrations (10, 25 and 100μgl-1) for 1, 4, 7 and 14days. The recovery of the exposed snails was also studied by a post-exposure assay. The activities of the enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST), the levels of lipid peroxidation (LPO) and protein oxidation (PC) in digestive gland and gills were studied as biomarkers of exposure. Histopathological changes in target tissues were also evaluated. In digestive gland, CYP caused a significant increase in SOD, CAT and GST activities compared to control (p<0.05) as well as in LPO and PC levels (p<0.05). However, such biochemical effects were neither concentration nor time dependent. Histopatological changes were observed in the exposed groups, such as an increase in the number of basophilic cells, hemocytic infiltration and epithelia atrophy. Additionally, a positive correlation between the surface occupied by pigmented corpuscles and CYP concentrations was observed at all exposure periods. Gills showed greater sensitivity to oxidative damage than digestive gland. CYP caused an acute toxic effect in LPO levels in this respiratory organ. The gill filament of exposed snails, exhibited a reduction or loss of cilia, vacuolization of the columnar cells and an increase in haemocyte content irrespective of the concentration. High concentrations of CYP caused disruptions in the columnar muscle fibers. In general, snails did not show an improvement in their basal state during post-exposure treatment. Apparently, males and females do not have differential sensitivity to the pesticide. The results of this study suggest that histopathological changes are the most sensitive time- and dose-dependent biomarkers of toxicity induced by CYP in P. canaliculata.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Arrighetti
- Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia" CONICET, CABA, Argentina
| | - E Ambrosio
- Instituto de Limnología de La Plata "Dr. Raúl A. Ringuelet" (ILPLA) CCT CONICET La Plata-Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), La Plata, Argentina
| | - M Astiz
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata (INIBIOLP) CCT CONICET La Plata-Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), La Plata, Argentina
| | - A Rodrigues Capítulo
- Instituto de Limnología de La Plata "Dr. Raúl A. Ringuelet" (ILPLA) CCT CONICET La Plata-Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), La Plata, Argentina
| | - S Lavarías
- Instituto de Limnología de La Plata "Dr. Raúl A. Ringuelet" (ILPLA) CCT CONICET La Plata-Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), La Plata, Argentina.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Hunt L, Marrochi N, Bonetto C, Liess M, Buss DF, Vieira da Silva C, Chiu MC, Resh VH. Do Riparian Buffers Protect Stream Invertebrate Communities in South American Atlantic Forest Agricultural Areas? ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2017; 60:1155-1170. [PMID: 28980050 DOI: 10.1007/s00267-017-0938-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the influence and relative importance of insecticides and other agricultural stressors in determining variability in invertebrate communities in small streams in intensive soy-production regions of Brazil and Paraguay. In Paraguay we sampled 17 sites on tributaries of the Pirapó River in the state of Itapúa and in Brazil we sampled 18 sites on tributaries of the San Francisco River in the state of Paraná. The riparian buffer zones generally contained native Atlantic forest remnants and/or introduced tree species at various stages of growth. In Brazil the stream buffer width was negatively correlated with sediment insecticide concentrations and buffer width was found to have moderate importance in mitigating effects on some sensitive taxa such as mayflies. However, in both regions insecticides had low relative importance in explaining variability in invertebrate communities, while various habitat parameters were more important. In Brazil, the percent coverage of soft depositional sediment in streams was the most important agriculture-related explanatory variable, and the overall stream-habitat score was the most important variable in Paraguay streams. Paraguay and Brazil both have laws requiring forested riparian buffers. The ample forested riparian buffer zones typical of streams in these regions are likely to have mitigated the effects of pesticides on stream invertebrate communities. This study provides evidence that riparian buffer regulations in the Atlantic Forest region are protecting stream ecosystems from pesticides and other agricultural stressors. Further studies are needed to determine the minimum buffer widths necessary to achieve optimal protection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Hunt
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720-3114, USA.
| | - N Marrochi
- ILPLA (CONICET-CCT La Plata)-UNLP Instituto de Limnología "Dr. Raúl. A. Ringuelet", Boulevard 120 y 62, La Plata 1900, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - C Bonetto
- ILPLA (CONICET-CCT La Plata)-UNLP Instituto de Limnología "Dr. Raúl. A. Ringuelet", Boulevard 120 y 62, La Plata 1900, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M Liess
- Department System-Ecotoxicology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - D F Buss
- Laboratório de Avaliação e Promoção da Saúde Ambiental, IOC, FIOCRUZ, Av. Brasil 4365 Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, 21045-900, RJ, Brazil
| | - C Vieira da Silva
- Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências,Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Distrito de Rubião Júnior, s/n, Botucatu, 18618-689, SP, Brazil
| | - M-C Chiu
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720-3114, USA
| | - V H Resh
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720-3114, USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Qiu X, Nomichi S, Chen K, Honda M, Kang IJ, Shimasaki Y, Oshima Y. Short-term and persistent impacts on behaviors related to locomotion, anxiety, and startle responses of Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) induced by acute, sublethal exposure to chlorpyrifos. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2017; 192:148-154. [PMID: 28957716 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2017.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Although most exposures to chlorpyrifos (CPF) in natural flowing waters are brief and episodic, there have been a few reports of the persistence of abnormal fish behaviors caused by such acute exposure. The present study focused on the behavioral and biochemical responses of Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) to acute, sublethal exposure to CPF, as well as the persistence of the effects during a 3-week recovery test in CPF-free water. The medaka became hyperactive and exhibited an elevated anxiety state after a 4-day exposure to 0.024mg/L of CPF, but they recovered from these abnormal behavioral responses within 7days of recovery treatment. In contrast, persistent impacts on some startle responses to a sudden stimulation (induced by a ball drop) were observed in medaka exposed to CPF. The reaction latency did not change immediately after the 4-day exposure, but was significantly prolonged by as much as 21days after the termination of exposure. The post-stimulus swimming distance within 5s significantly decreased on the day immediately after the 4-day exposure, but it significantly increased after 7days of recovery treatment. The activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in the brains of medaka was significantly inhibited on the day immediately after the 4-day exposure, but it returned to 80% and 110% of that in control fish on days 7 and 21 of the recovery period, respectively. However, AChE activities in the eyes of exposed medaka were persistently inhibited and declined to 33%, 71%, and 72% of that in control fish on days 0 (immediately after the 4-day exposure), 7, and 21 of recovery, respectively. Correlation analysis suggested that the changes of AChE activities in the brains of medaka may underlie some of the observed acute behavioral changes, and the changes of AChE activities in the eyes may contribute to the persistence of the abnormalities in the reaction latency of the startle response. Our findings suggest that medaka need a long time to recover from acute, sublethal exposure to CPF, and the persistence of the behavioral abnormalities might affect their fitness in natural habitats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuchun Qiu
- Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Hakozaki 6-10-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Sayaka Nomichi
- Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Hakozaki 6-10-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Kun Chen
- Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Hakozaki 6-10-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Masato Honda
- Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Hakozaki 6-10-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Ik Joon Kang
- International Student Center, Kyushu University, Hakozaki 6-10-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Yohei Shimasaki
- Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Hakozaki 6-10-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Yuji Oshima
- Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Hakozaki 6-10-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Khalil F, Qiu X, Kang IJ, Abo-Ghanema I, Shimasaki Y, Oshima Y. Comparison of social behavior responses of Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) to lethal and sublethal chlorpyrifos concentrations at different exposure times. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2017; 145:78-82. [PMID: 28708984 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Revised: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Chlorpyrifos (CPF) is one of the most widely used insecticides and has been found in both urban and rural water bodies. In this study, we studied variations in the social behavioral patterns, swimming behavior, and brain acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity of Japanese medaka exposed to lethal (0.12mg/L) and sublethal (0.012mg/L) concentrations of CPF after different exposure times. Group behavior performance (schooling, shoaling, and solitary) was determined on day 4 of lethal exposure and on days 4, 8, and 12 of sublethal exposure. Swimming speed and brain AChE activity were measured on days 4, 8, 12, 16, and 20 of sublethal CPF exposure. We observed significant decreases in social behavior and swimming speed (i.e., hypoactivity) in fish exposed to lethal CPF concentrations for 4 days. At the sublethal concentration, there was increased schooling duration and hyperactivity of fish on day 8 but not on day 4. In contrast, 12 days of sublethal CPF exposure resulted in social behavior responses similar to those after 4 days' lethal exposure, i.e., significant decreases in schooling frequency and duration with a notable increase in duration of solitary behavior. Brain AChE activity was inhibited in a time-dependent manner. Altered fish behavior in response to organophosphorus pesticides such as CPF may be mediated by more than AChE inhibition alone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Khalil
- Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Hakozaki 6-10-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan.
| | - Xuchun Qiu
- Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Hakozaki 6-10-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan.
| | - Ik Joon Kang
- Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Hakozaki 6-10-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan.
| | - Ismail Abo-Ghanema
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Egypt.
| | - Yohei Shimasaki
- Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Hakozaki 6-10-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan.
| | - Yuji Oshima
- Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Hakozaki 6-10-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Knauer K, Homazava N, Junghans M, Werner I. The influence of particles on bioavailability and toxicity of pesticides in surface water. INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT 2017; 13:585-600. [PMID: 27862913 DOI: 10.1002/ieam.1867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Revised: 08/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Environmental risk assessment is an essential part of the approval process for pesticides. Exposure concentrations are compared with ecotoxicological data obtained from standardized laboratory studies and, if available, from field studies to determine the risk of a substance or formulation for aquatic communities. Predicted concentrations in surface waters are derived using, for example, the European FOrum for the Co-ordination of pesticide fate models and their USe (FOCUS) or the German Exposit models, which distinguish between exposure to dissolved and particle-associated pesticide concentrations, because the dissolved concentration is thought to be the best predictor of bioavailability and toxicity. Water and particle-associated concentrations are estimated based on the organic carbon-water partitioning coefficient (KOC ). This review summarizes published information on the influence of natural suspended solids on bioavailability and toxicity of pesticides to aquatic organisms (algae, invertebrates and fish), and the value of log KOC and log KOW (octanol-water coefficient) as sole predictors of the bioavailable fraction is discussed. The information showed that: 1) the quality and origin of suspended solids played an important role in influencing pesticide bioavailability and toxicity; 2) a decrease in toxicity due to the presence of suspended solids was shown only for pyrethroid insecticides with log KOW greater than 5, but the extent of this reduction depended on particle concentration and size, and potentially also on the ecotoxicological endpoint; 3) for pesticides with a log KOW less than 3 (e.g., triazines, carbamates, and organophosphates), the impact of particles on bioavailability and toxicity is small and species dependent; and 4) pesticide bioavailability is greatly influenced by the test species and their physiology (e.g., feeding behavior or digestion). We conclude that exposure of aquatic organisms to pesticides and environmental risk of many pesticides might be underestimated in prospective risk assessment, when predicted environmental concentration is estimated based on the KOC of a compound. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2017;13:585-600. © 2016 SETAC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katja Knauer
- Federal Office for Agriculture, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Nadzeya Homazava
- Swiss Centre for Applied Ecotoxicology Eawag-EPFL, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Marion Junghans
- Swiss Centre for Applied Ecotoxicology Eawag-EPFL, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Inge Werner
- Swiss Centre for Applied Ecotoxicology Eawag-EPFL, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Bonansea RI, Marino DJG, Bertrand L, Wunderlin DA, Amé MV. Tissue-specific bioconcentration and biotransformation of cypermethrin and chlorpyrifos in a native fish (Jenynsia multidentata) exposed to these insecticides singly and in mixtures. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2017; 36:1764-1774. [PMID: 27792835 DOI: 10.1002/etc.3613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/03/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the accumulation of cypermethrin and chlorpyrifos when the fish Jenynsia multidentata was exposed to these pesticides singly and in technical and commercial mixtures. Adult female fish were exposed over 96 h to 0.04 μg/L of cypermethrin; 0.4 μg/L of chlorpyrifos; 0.04 μg/L of cypermethrin + 0.4 μg/L of chlorpyrifos in a technical mixture; and 0.04 μg/L of cypermethrin + 0.4 μg/L of chlorpyrifos in a mixture of commercial products. Fish exposed to cypermethrin accumulated this compound only in muscle, probably because of the low biotransformation capacity of this organ and the induction of cytochrome P4501A1 (CYP1A1) expression in the liver. The accumulation of chlorpyrifos occurred in fish exposed to the insecticide (intestine > liver > gills) even when these fish had higher gluthatione-S-transferase (GST) activity in gills and P-glycoprotein (P-gp) expression in the liver, compared with the control. Fish exposed to the technical mixture showed cypermethrin accumulation (liver > intestine > gills) with higher levels than those measured in fish after only cypermethrin exposure. Higher expression levels of CYP1A1 in the liver were also observed compared with the Control. Fish exposed to the commercial mixture accumulated both insecticides (cypermethrin: intestine > gills and chlorpyrifos: liver > intestine > gills > muscle). In the organs where accumulation occurred, biotransformation enzymes were inhibited. Consequently, the commercial formulation exposure provoked the highest accumulation of cypermethrin and chlorpyrifos in J. multidentata, possibly associated with the biotransformation system inhibition. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:1764-1774. © 2016 SETAC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Inés Bonansea
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica e Inmunología, CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Damián J G Marino
- Centro de Investigaciones del Medio Ambiente, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Lidwina Bertrand
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica e Inmunología, CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Daniel A Wunderlin
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos Córdoba, CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - María Valeria Amé
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica e Inmunología, CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Haramboure M, Smagghe G, Niu J, Christiaens O, Spanoghe P, Alzogaray RA. Toxicity and Metabolism of Zeta-Cypermethrin in Field-Collected and Laboratory Strains of the Neotropical Predator Chrysoperla externa Hagen (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae). NEOTROPICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2017; 46:310-315. [PMID: 28281214 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-017-0497-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Resistance to pesticides has been studied in several insect pests, but information on the natural enemies of pests-including the Neotropical predator Chrysoperla externa Hagen (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae), a major biological control agent in South America-is lacking. We report here a comparative study between a field-collected strain of C. externa subjected to monthly sprayings of pyrethroids and neonicotinoids and a laboratory strain without exposure to pesticides. The tolerance of both strains against zeta-cypermethrin was similar, and addition of the synergist piperonyl butoxide increased the toxicity by 30% in both strains. Gas-chromatography analyses and mixed-function-oxidase measurements indicated similar values in both strains and also confirmed the key role of oxidative metabolism in this species. Because C. externa has maintained a tolerance to zeta-cypermethrin without previous pesticide exposure, this species could potentially be mass-reared and released in fields in the presence of pesticide pressure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Haramboure
- Lab. de Patógenos de Insectos Terrestres, Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores (CEPAVE) CONICET UNLP, Bvd 120 e/61 y 64 S/N, PC 1900, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Lab Agrozoology, Dept Crop Protection, Ghent Univ, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - G Smagghe
- Lab Agrozoology, Dept Crop Protection, Ghent Univ, Ghent, Belgium
| | - J Niu
- Lab Agrozoology, Dept Crop Protection, Ghent Univ, Ghent, Belgium
- Key Lab of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering of Chongqing, College of Plant Protection, Southwest Univ, Chongqing, China
| | - O Christiaens
- Lab Agrozoology, Dept Crop Protection, Ghent Univ, Ghent, Belgium
| | - P Spanoghe
- Lab of Pesticide Chemistry, Dept Crop Protection, Ghent Univ, Ghent, Belgium
| | - R A Alzogaray
- UNIDEF, CITEDEF, CONICET, CIPEIN, Villa Martelli, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigación e Ingeniería Ambiental, UNSAM, San Martín, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Lavarías S, Arrighetti F, Siri A. Histopathological effects of cypermethrin and Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis on midgut of Chironomus calligraphus larvae (Diptera: Chironomidae). PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 139:9-16. [PMID: 28595928 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2017.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Revised: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides are extensively used for the control of agricultural pests and disease vectors, but they also affect non-target organisms. Cypermethrin (CYP) is a synthetic pyrethroid used worldwide. Otherwise, bioinsecticides like Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (Bti) have received great attention as an environmentally benign and desirable alternative. In order to evaluate the toxicity of those pesticides, Chironomus calligraphus was selected due to its high sensitivity to some toxicants. Third and fourth instars larvae were exposed to serial dilutions of CYP and Bti to determine LC50 values. In order to evaluate the potentially histopathological alterations as biomarkers, after 96-h of exposure, live larvae were fixed for histological analysis of the mid region of digestive tract. The 96-h LC50 values were 0.52 and 1.506μg/L for CYP and Bti, respectively. Midgut histological structure of the control group showed a single layer of cubical cells with microvilli in their apical surface and a big central nucleus. The midgut epithelium of larvae exposed to a low concentration of CYP (0.037μg/L) showed secretion activity and vacuolization while at high concentration (0.3μg/L) cells showed a greater disorganization and a more developed fat body. On the other hand, Bti caused progressive histological damage in this tissue. Chironomus calligraphus is sensitive to Bti and CYP toxicity like other Chironomus species. The histopathological alterations could be a valuable tool to assess toxicity mechanism of different pesticides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Lavarías
- Instituto de Limnología "Dr. Raúl A. Ringuelet" (CCT - La Plata CONICET - UNLP), Blvd. 120 y 62 (1900) La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Florencia Arrighetti
- CONICET-Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales, Av. Angel Gallardo 470, C1405DJR Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Augusto Siri
- Instituto de Limnología "Dr. Raúl A. Ringuelet" (CCT - La Plata CONICET - UNLP), Blvd. 120 y 62 (1900) La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Hunt L, Bonetto C, Marrochi N, Scalise A, Fanelli S, Liess M, Lydy MJ, Chiu MC, Resh VH. Species at Risk (SPEAR) index indicates effects of insecticides on stream invertebrate communities in soy production regions of the Argentine Pampas. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 580:699-709. [PMID: 27986319 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Revised: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We investigated relationships among insecticides and aquatic invertebrate communities in 22 streams of two soy production regions of the Argentine Pampas over three growing seasons. Chlorpyrifos, endosulfan, cypermethrin, and lambda-cyhalothrin were the insecticides most frequently detected in stream sediments. The Species at Risk (SPEAR) pesticide bioassessment index (SPEARpesticides) was adapted and applied to evaluate relationships between sediment insecticide toxic units (TUs) and invertebrate communities associated with both benthic habitats and emergent vegetation habitats. SPEARpesticides was the only response metric that was significantly correlated with total insecticide TU values for all three averaged data sets, consistently showing a trend of decreasing values with increasing TU values (r2=0.35 to 0.42, p-value=0.001 to 0.03). Although pyrethroids were the insecticides that contributed the highest TU values, toxicity calculated based on all insecticides was better at predicting changes in invertebrate communities than toxicity of pyrethroids alone. Crustaceans, particularly the amphipod Hyalella spp., which are relatively sensitive to pesticides, played a large role in the performance of SPEARpesticides, and the relative abundance of all crustaceans also showed a significant decreasing trend with increasing insecticide TUs for two of three data sets (r2=0.30 to 0.57, p-value=0.003 to 0.04) examined. For all data sets, total insecticide TU was the most important variable in explaining variance in the SPEARpesticides index. The present study was the first application of the SPEAR index in South America, and the first one to use it to evaluate effects of pesticides on invertebrate communities associated with aquatic vegetation. Although the SPEAR index was developed in Europe, it performed well in the Argentine Pampas with only minor modifications, and would likely improve in performance as more data are obtained on traits of South American taxa, such as pesticide sensitivity and generation time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Hunt
- University of California, Berkeley, Department of Environmental Science, Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720-3114, USA.
| | - C Bonetto
- ILPLA (CONICET-CCT La Plata) - UNLP Instituto de Limnología "Dr. Raúl. A. Ringuelet", Boulevard 120 y 62, La Plata 1900, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - N Marrochi
- ILPLA (CONICET-CCT La Plata) - UNLP Instituto de Limnología "Dr. Raúl. A. Ringuelet", Boulevard 120 y 62, La Plata 1900, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A Scalise
- University of California, Berkeley, Department of Environmental Science, Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720-3114, USA
| | - S Fanelli
- ILPLA (CONICET-CCT La Plata) - UNLP Instituto de Limnología "Dr. Raúl. A. Ringuelet", Boulevard 120 y 62, La Plata 1900, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M Liess
- UFZ, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, System-Ecotoxicology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - M J Lydy
- Center for Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Department of Zoology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901, United States
| | - M-C Chiu
- University of California, Berkeley, Department of Environmental Science, Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720-3114, USA
| | - V H Resh
- University of California, Berkeley, Department of Environmental Science, Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720-3114, USA
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Etchegoyen MA, Ronco AE, Almada P, Abelando M, Marino DJ. Occurrence and fate of pesticides in the Argentine stretch of the Paraguay-Paraná basin. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2017; 189:63. [PMID: 28105564 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-017-5773-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The Argentine stretch of the del Plata basin crosses regions devoted to extensive and intensive agriculture mostly with chemical pest control. The utilization of pesticides in the region has increased 900% in the last two decades associated with the introduction of biotech crops and direct-seeding techniques. Our objective was to study the occurrence, concentration, and fate of pesticides in surface water and bottom sediments of the principal tributaries and main watercourse of the Paraguay-Paraná River. We sampled 22 sites in the distal positions of the main affluents and main watercourse of the Paraná and report here results from two monitoring campaigns (2010-2012). Surface water and bottom sediments were analyzed according to standardized methods by matrix-solid-phase dispersion and liquid-liquid extraction, respectively. Twenty-three pesticide compounds were analyzed by gas chromatography. The results from both campaigns indicated a generalized but variable distribution in the concentrations detected throughout the basin. The ranges of total measured pesticide concentrations in water and sediments were, respectively, 0.004-6.62 μg/l and 0.16-221.3 μg/kg dry weight. Endosulfans, cypermethrin, and chlorpyrifos were ubiquitous compounds in both environmental compartments and quantitatively the most relevant. All concentrations detected in water were over the recommended guidelines for the protection of aquatic biota. The partitioning indicated a higher affinity for the sediments. Agricultural activity is the source of pesticide-pollution loads, transported by tributaries that reach the main watercourse and alter the quality of the aquatic ecosystem.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M A Etchegoyen
- Centro de Investigaciones del Medio Ambiente, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, 47 y 115, La Plata (1900), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A E Ronco
- Centro de Investigaciones del Medio Ambiente, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, 47 y 115, La Plata (1900), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - P Almada
- Instituto Univesitario de Seguridad Marítima-Dirección de Protección Ambiental-Prefectura Naval Argentina, Av. Corrientes 345, CABA, Argentina
| | - M Abelando
- Instituto Univesitario de Seguridad Marítima-Dirección de Protección Ambiental-Prefectura Naval Argentina, Av. Corrientes 345, CABA, Argentina
| | - D J Marino
- Centro de Investigaciones del Medio Ambiente, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, 47 y 115, La Plata (1900), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Bertrand L, Monferrán MV, Mouneyrac C, Bonansea RI, Asis R, Amé MV. Sensitive biomarker responses of the shrimp Palaemonetes argentinus exposed to chlorpyrifos at environmental concentrations: Roles of alpha-tocopherol and metallothioneins. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2016; 179:72-81. [PMID: 27588703 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2016.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Revised: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the toxic effects of chlorpyrifos (CPF) at environmental concentrations on the shrimp Palaemonetes argentinus, a South American native species. Organisms were exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations of CPF (from 3.5 to 94.5ngCPFL(-1)) at laboratory conditions for 96h. A wide battery of biochemical responses including bioaccumulation, damage and defense biomarkers were measured in cephalothorax and abdomen of shrimp. The concentration of CPF was below the detection limit of the method in both body sectors (8ngCPFg(-1)ww), probably indicating fast biotransformation of the parental compound. Our results showed that CPF exposure inhibits acetylcholinesterase activity from 3.5ngCPFL(-1), a concentration below the suggested Argentinean guidelines for the protection of aquatic biota. Moreover, oxidative stress was evidenced by increased H2O2 content and increased levels of TBARs and carbonyl groups in proteins. The induction of antioxidant enzymes like catalase, glutathione S-transferase and glutathione peroxidase seems not be sufficient to prevent oxidative damages. In addition, the mobilization of α-tocopherol from abdomen to cephalothorax was observed and reported for the first time in non-reproductive condition. Likewise, a strong diminution of metallothioneins occurred in cephalothorax from the lowest CPF concentration while induction occurred from the same treatment in abdomen as an oxidative stress response. Finally, significant correlation between Integrated Biomarker Response values and exposure concentrations suggest the usefulness of P. argentinus as bioindicator of CPF exposure at concentrations as low as environmental ones.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lidwina Bertrand
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología-CIBICI, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, CONICET, UNC, Haya de la Torre esq., Medina Allende, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Magadalena Victoria Monferrán
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos Córdoba-ICYTAC, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, CONICET, UNC, Av. Juan Filloy s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Catherine Mouneyrac
- Université Catholique de l'Ouest, MMS EA2160, LUNAM Université, 3 Place André Leroy, BP10808, 49008 Angers Cedex 01, France
| | - Rocio Inés Bonansea
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología-CIBICI, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, CONICET, UNC, Haya de la Torre esq., Medina Allende, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Ramón Asis
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología-CIBICI, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, CONICET, UNC, Haya de la Torre esq., Medina Allende, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina
| | - María Valeria Amé
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología-CIBICI, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, CONICET, UNC, Haya de la Torre esq., Medina Allende, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Solis M, Mugni H, Hunt L, Marrochi N, Fanelli S, Bonetto C. Land use effect on invertebrate assemblages in Pampasic streams (Buenos Aires, Argentina). ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2016; 188:539. [PMID: 27581006 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-016-5545-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Agriculture and livestock may contribute to water quality degradation in adjacent waterbodies and produce changes in the resident invertebrate composition. The objective of the present study was to assess land use effects on the stream invertebrate assemblages in rural areas of the Argentine Pampa. The four sampling events were performed at six sites in four streams of the Pampa plain; two streams were sampled inside a biosphere reserve, and another one was surrounded by extensive livestock fields. The fourth stream was sampled at three sites; the upstream site was adjacent to agricultural plots, the following site was adjacent to an intensive livestock plot and the downstream site was adjacent to extensive breeding cattle plots. Higher pesticide concentrations were found at the site adjacent to agricultural plots and higher nutrient concentrations at the sites adjacent to agricultural and intensive breeding cattle plots. The invertebrate fauna were also different at these sites. Multivariate analysis showed a relationship between nutrient concentrations and taxonomic composition. Amphipoda (Hyalella curvispina) was the dominant group in the reserve and extensive breeding cattle sites, but was not present in the agricultural site. Also, Chironomidae were absent from the agricultural site while present at other sites. Gasteropoda (Biomphalaria peregrina), Zygoptera, and Hirudinea were dominant at the most impacted agricultural and intensive breeding cattle sites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marina Solis
- ILPLA (CONICET-CCT La Plata)-UNLP Instituto de Limnología "Dr. Raúl A. Ringuelet", Boulevard 120 y 62. La Plata, 1900, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Hernán Mugni
- ILPLA (CONICET-CCT La Plata)-UNLP Instituto de Limnología "Dr. Raúl A. Ringuelet", Boulevard 120 y 62. La Plata, 1900, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Lisa Hunt
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy & Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720-3114, USA
| | - Natalia Marrochi
- ILPLA (CONICET-CCT La Plata)-UNLP Instituto de Limnología "Dr. Raúl A. Ringuelet", Boulevard 120 y 62. La Plata, 1900, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Silvia Fanelli
- ILPLA (CONICET-CCT La Plata)-UNLP Instituto de Limnología "Dr. Raúl A. Ringuelet", Boulevard 120 y 62. La Plata, 1900, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carlos Bonetto
- ILPLA (CONICET-CCT La Plata)-UNLP Instituto de Limnología "Dr. Raúl A. Ringuelet", Boulevard 120 y 62. La Plata, 1900, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Hunt L, Bonetto C, Resh VH, Buss DF, Fanelli S, Marrochi N, Lydy MJ. Insecticide concentrations in stream sediments of soy production regions of South America. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 547:114-124. [PMID: 26780136 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.12.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2015] [Revised: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Concentrations of 17 insecticides were measured in sediments collected from 53 streams in soy production regions of South America (Argentina in 2011-2014, Paraguay and Brazil in 2013) during peak application periods. Although environmental regulations are quite different in each country, commonly used insecticides were detected at high frequencies in all regions. Maximum concentrations (and detection frequencies) for each sampling event ranged from: 1.2-7.4 ng/g dw chlorpyrifos (56-100%); 0.9-8.3 ng/g dw cypermethrin (20-100%); 0.42-16.6 ng/g dw lambda-cyhalothrin (60-100%); and, 0.49-2.1 ng/g dw endosulfan (13-100%). Other pyrethroids were detected less frequently. Banned organochlorines were most frequently detected in Brazil. In all countries, cypermethrin and/or lambda-cyhalothrin toxic units (TUs), based on Hyalella azteca LC50 bioassays, were occasionally>0.5 (indicating likely acute toxicity), while TUs for other insecticides were <0.5. All samples with total insecticide TU>1 were collected from streams with riparian buffer width<20 m. A multiple regression analysis that included five landscape and habitat predictor variables for the Brazilian streams examined indicated that buffer width was the most important predictor variable in explaining total insecticide TU values. While Brazil and Paraguay require forested stream buffers, there were no such regulations in the Argentine pampas, where buffer widths were smaller. Multiple insecticides were found in almost all stream sediment samples in intensive soy production regions, with pyrethroids most often occurring at acutely toxic concentrations, and the greatest potential for insecticide toxicity occurring in streams with minimum buffer width<20 m.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Hunt
- University of California, Berkeley, Department of Environmental Science, Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720-3114, USA.
| | - Carlos Bonetto
- ILPLA (CONICET-CCT La Plata) - UNLP Instituto de Limnología "Dr. Raúl A. Ringuelet", Boulevard 120 y 62, La Plata, 1900, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Vincent H Resh
- University of California, Berkeley, Department of Environmental Science, Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720-3114, USA.
| | - Daniel Forsin Buss
- Laboratório de Avaliação e Promoção da Saúde Ambiental, IOC, FIOCRUZ, Av. Brasil 4365 Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21045-900, Brazil.
| | - Silvia Fanelli
- ILPLA (CONICET-CCT La Plata) - UNLP Instituto de Limnología "Dr. Raúl A. Ringuelet", Boulevard 120 y 62, La Plata, 1900, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Natalia Marrochi
- ILPLA (CONICET-CCT La Plata) - UNLP Instituto de Limnología "Dr. Raúl A. Ringuelet", Boulevard 120 y 62, La Plata, 1900, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Michael J Lydy
- Center for Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Department of Zoology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Mugni H, Paracampo A, Demetrio P, Pardi M, Bulus G, Ronco A, Bonetto C. Toxicity Persistence of Chlorpyrifos in Runoff from Experimental Soybean Plots to the Non-target Amphipod Hyalella curvispina: Effect of Crop Management. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2016; 70:257-64. [PMID: 26142121 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-015-0187-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Toxicity persistence to the nontarget amphipod Hyalella curvispina in runoff events following chlorpyrifos applications to soy experimental plots was compared in conventional and no-till management. Two application scenarios were compared: an early-season application with the soil almost bare and a late-season application after the foliage had attained complete soil cover. H. curvispina was exposed to chlorpyrifos using two different test systems: a short-term (48 h) runoff water exposure and a long-term (10 days) soil exposure. Both commonly used crop management practices for soybean production resulted in runoff toxicity following pesticide applications and represent a toxicity risk for adjacent inland waters. Toxicity persistence was longer after the earlier than the late season application, likely because of higher volatilization and photodecomposition losses from the soy canopy than from the soil. For the early-season application, toxicity persisted longer in the no-till plots than in the conventional tillage plots. Suspended matter was higher in the conventional treatment. Chlorpyrifos sorption to suspended matter likely contributed to the shorter persistence. For the late-season application, toxicity persisted longer in the conventional treatment. The causes remain conjectural. The soil organic carbon content was higher in the no-till treatment. Sorption to organic matter might have contributed to the shorter chlorpyrifos toxicity persistence in no-till management. Late applications are more frequent and prevail longer throughout the soy growing season. Overall, the no-till management practice seems preferably because shorter toxicity persistence in runoff represents a lower environmental risk for the adjacent inland waters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hernán Mugni
- ILPLA (CONICET-CCT La Plata) - UNLP Instituto de Limnología "Dr. Raúl. A. Ringuelet", Boulevard 120 y 62, La Plata, Buenos Aires, 1900, Argentina.
| | - Ariel Paracampo
- ILPLA (CONICET-CCT La Plata) - UNLP Instituto de Limnología "Dr. Raúl. A. Ringuelet", Boulevard 120 y 62, La Plata, Buenos Aires, 1900, Argentina
| | - Pablo Demetrio
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, UNLP, CIMA, Centro de Investigaciones del Medio Ambiente, Calle 47 y 115, La Plata, 1900, Argentina
- CONICET, Concejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, CCT La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Martín Pardi
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales, UNLP, Estación Experimental Julio Hirschhorn, Av. 66 y 168, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gustavo Bulus
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, UNLP, CIMA, Centro de Investigaciones del Medio Ambiente, Calle 47 y 115, La Plata, 1900, Argentina
- CIC, Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alicia Ronco
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, UNLP, CIMA, Centro de Investigaciones del Medio Ambiente, Calle 47 y 115, La Plata, 1900, Argentina
- CONICET, Concejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, CCT La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carlos Bonetto
- ILPLA (CONICET-CCT La Plata) - UNLP Instituto de Limnología "Dr. Raúl. A. Ringuelet", Boulevard 120 y 62, La Plata, Buenos Aires, 1900, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Paracampo A, García I, Mugni H, Marrochi N, Carriquiriborde P, Bonetto C. Fish assemblage of a Pampasic stream (Buenos Aires, Argentina): temporal variations and relationships with environmental variables. STUDIES ON NEOTROPICAL FAUNA AND ENVIRONMENT 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/01650521.2015.1065658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
37
|
Mugni H, Paracampo A, Demetrio P, Scalise A, Solís M, Fanelli S, Bonetto C. Acute Toxicity of Endosulfan to the Non-target Organisms Hyalella curvispina and Cnesterodon decemmaculatus. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2015; 95:363-367. [PMID: 26193836 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-015-1608-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Pesticide consumption in Argentina has steadily increased over the last two decades, while one of these compounds, namely endosulfan, is commonly found in environmental samples. Also the fish Cnesterodon decemmaculatus and the amphipod Hyalella curvispina are widely distributed in agricultural areas of southern South America. The aim of the present contribution was therefore to determine the acute toxicity of endosulfan to both organisms, and compare it with species sensitivity distributions (SSD) and measured field concentrations. The 48 h-LC50 (with 95 % confidence limits) were 1.8 (1.6-2.1) µg/L for C. decemmaculatus and 16.4 (15.1-17.7) µg/L for H. curvispina. C. decemmaculatus was more sensitive than 74 % of fish based on the SSD. Endosulfan concentrations in stream water reported in the literature were often higher than the C. decemmaculatus LC50. It may hence be concluded that C. decemmaculatus is a suitable sentinel organism for ecotoxicological risk assessment in South America.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hernán Mugni
- Instituto de Limnología ''Dr. Raúl. A. Ringuelet'', ILPLA (CONICET-CCT La Plata) - UNLP, Boulevard 120 y 62, 1900, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina,
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Granados-Galván IA, Rodríguez-Meza DG, Luna-González A, González-Ocampo HA. Human health risk assessment of pesticide residues in snappers (Lutjanus) fish from the Navachiste Lagoon complex, Mexico. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2015; 97:178-187. [PMID: 26095985 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Revised: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) residues were determined in fillets of Lutjanus colorado, L. argentiventris, and L. novemfasciatus. Fillet samples were collected bimonthly from February 2012 to February 2013. OCPs average concentrations do not differ significantly according to size, weight, or season, nor do they relate with the physico-chemical parameters of the sea water. The highest concentration and most frequently encountered OCPs were endosulfan sulfate, δ-HCH, and heptachlor epoxide, which indicates their use in the recent past and confirms their persistence. Average concentrations of ∑HCHs, ∑chlordane, and ∑heptachlor in samples were above cancer MRLs according to data from monthly consumed portions. HCHs and heptachlor are listed in Appendix III of the Rotterdam Convention of chemicals placed on a prior informed consent procedure for import and export purposes; they are considered illegal in Mexico. The OCPs concentrations above cancer MRLs in Lutjanus spp. turn its frequent consumption into a human health risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Alejandra Granados-Galván
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional - CIIDIR Unidad Sinaloa, Blvd. Juan de Dios Bátiz Paredes #250, C.P. 81101. Centro. Guasave, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Durga Guadalupe Rodríguez-Meza
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional - CIIDIR Unidad Sinaloa, Blvd. Juan de Dios Bátiz Paredes #250, C.P. 81101. Centro. Guasave, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Antonio Luna-González
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional - CIIDIR Unidad Sinaloa, Blvd. Juan de Dios Bátiz Paredes #250, C.P. 81101. Centro. Guasave, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Héctor Abelardo González-Ocampo
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional - CIIDIR Unidad Sinaloa, Blvd. Juan de Dios Bátiz Paredes #250, C.P. 81101. Centro. Guasave, Sinaloa, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Lavarías S, García CF. Acute toxicity of organophosphate fenitrothion on biomarkers in prawn Palaemonetes argentinus (Crustacea: Palaemonidae). ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2015; 187:65. [PMID: 25647787 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-014-4224-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The effect of the organophosphate fenitrothion (FS) on the non-target freshwater prawn Palaemonetes argentinus was studied. Initially, the 96-h lethal concentration (LC50) of FS was determined in adult prawns. Inhibition of cholinesterase (ChE) in the muscle and hemolymph was assessed. Then, in the hepatopancreas, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) were analyzed. Lipid peroxidation (LPO) was also determined in the hepatopancreas. The 96-h LC50 value was 1.12 μg/L. Hemolymph ChE activity showed a significant decrease in exposed prawns to FS compared to the control group, while no significant differences in the muscle were observed between groups (p < 0.05). FS caused a significant increase in the activity of antioxidant enzymes SOD, CAT, and GST compared to the control group (p < 0.02). By contrast, LPO levels were not affected by the pesticide (p < 0.05). These results indicate that P. argentinus is very sensitive to organophosphorus which alter biochemical parameters that are related to antioxidant status. Thus, these parameters could be used as biomarkers for assessing water pollution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Lavarías
- Instituto de Limnología de La Plata "Dr. Raúl A. Ringuelet" (ILPLA), CONICET CCT La Plata-Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), Boulevard 120 y 62, La Plata, 1900, Argentina,
| | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Santiago AN, Bonansea RI, Valdés ME. Organic Pollutants in the Suquía River Basin. THE HANDBOOK OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/698_2015_431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
41
|
Demetrio PM, Bonetto C, Ronco AE. The effect of cypermethrin, chlorpyrifos, and glyphosate active ingredients and formulations on Daphnia magna (Straus). BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2014; 93:268-73. [PMID: 25056515 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-014-1336-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Accepted: 07/12/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Acute effects of active ingredients (a.i.) and formulations (F) of widely used pesticides were assessed by means of the Daphnia magna toxicity test. Studied pesticides were the insecticides, cypermethrin and chlorpyrifos, and the herbicide, glyphosate. Results were analyzed and compared according to statistical endpoints (LCx) and log-probit regressions of toxicity data. The potency of acute toxicity followed the order: chlorpyrifos F > chlorpyrifos a.i. > cypermethrin F > cypermethrin a.i. ≫ glyphosate F > glyphosate a.i. Three to five orders of magnitude differences between the toxicity (µg/L to mg/L) of insecticides and the herbicide were observed. A pairwise comparison between a.i. and F indicated that all formulations were more potent. Additionally, for the case of glyphosate, evidence suggests that the adjuvant contributes to formulation toxicity rather than to the enhancement of a.i. potency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pablo M Demetrio
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Centro de Investigaciones del Medio Ambiente, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CONICET, Calle 47 y 115, 1900, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Paracampo A, Solis M, Bonetto C, Mugni H. Acute toxicity of chlorpyrifos to the non-target organism Cnesterodon decemmaculatus. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2014; 25:96-103. [PMID: 24724549 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2014.903903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Chlorpyrifos is the most used insecticide in Argentina. Cnesterodon decemmaculatus is a widely distributed, endemic fish from Neotropical America. It attains high densities in the shallow water assemblages of Argentina and Brazil. The aim of this study was to assess the acute toxicity of chlorpyrifos to C. decemmaculatus. The mean 96-h LC50 of three independent determinations was 105.3 (± 3.1) μg/L. Sublethal effects were observed. Swimming behavioral changes at each chlorpyrifos exposure concentration were reported. C. decemmaculatus represents a good model for ecotoxicological risk assessment.
Collapse
|
43
|
Giusto A, Salibián A, Ferrari L. Biomonitoring toxicity of natural sediments using juvenile Hyalella curvispina (Amphipoda) as test species: evaluation of early effect endpoints. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2014; 23:293-303. [PMID: 24414854 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-013-1173-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/28/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The utility of early effect endpoints as biomarkers of ecotoxicity of natural sediments in water-sediment static system was investigated. The particular goal was to evaluate the ecotoxicity of the sediment samples from La Choza stream, located in upper basin of the Reconquista river, the second most polluted river of Argentina. Native juveniles Hyalella curvispina were used as test organisms evaluating survival, growth, oxidative stress parameters (SOD; CAT, TBARS) and the electron transport system (ETS) activity as early toxic effect. This study used methodologies and techniques that allow the assessment of sediment pollution with a native species as test organism and provided data to discuss the viability of sublethal endpoints as tools for freshwater sediment assessment. In spring and in summer two ten-day series of whole-sediment assays were conducted simultaneously: (a) standard assays and (b) biomarkers assays. A control sediment was ran simultaneously in which no--effect on survival was measured. In summer there was a significant increase in length and biomass in both exposed and control groups. In spring an inhibitory effect on growth and an increase in oxidative damage with a concomitant rise in antioxidant defenses, was observed in animals exposed to La Choza sediment. ETS measurement indicated a significant depression of metabolic activity of amphipods exposed to contaminated sediments. The measured biomarkers represent the first record for juvenile H. curvispina exposed to polluted natural sediments under standardized laboratory conditions. The used bioanalytical tools demonstrated higher sensitivity and a more accurate assessment of the effects than those obtained by the standard tests of survival and growth. We propose their adoption in biomonitoring of freshwater sediment toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anabella Giusto
- Applied Ecophysiology Program (PRODEA), Basic Sciences Department, Institute of Ecology and Sustainable Development (INEDES), National University of Luján, P.O. Box 221, B6700ZBA, Luján, Argentina
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Giusto A, Ferrari L. Biochemical responses of ecological importance in males of the austral South America amphipod Hyalella curvispina Shoemaker, 1942 exposed to waterborne cadmium and copper. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2014; 100:193-200. [PMID: 24325969 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2013.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2013] [Revised: 10/09/2013] [Accepted: 11/04/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The use of physiological parameters as sensitive indicators of toxic stress from exposure to different pollutants is an important issue to be studied. Hyalella curvispina is a Neotropical amphipod often used in ecotoxicological evaluations. This work aimed to quantify biochemical responses of ecological importance in H. curvispina males under stress exposure to sublethal concentrations of waterborne copper (Cu) and cadmium (Cd); in order to obtain basic physiological data as indicators of early effect on this species, on track to its standardization. In order to evaluate the physiological, biochemical and energetic status of the exposed animals, the following endpoints were selected: content of glycogen, total proteins, total lipids, triglycerides, glycerol, arginine, arginine phosphate, levels of lipid peroxidation (TBARS), and Na(+)/K(+)ATPase, catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities. Our results show that the concentrations of Cu (135 and 175 µg/L) and Cd (6.5 and 10.5 µg/L) tested altered most of the biochemical variables measured (glycogen, total proteins, total lipids, triglycerides, arginine phosphate, TBARS, and SOD and Na(+)/K(+)ATPase activities). In addition, neither the levels of glycerol and arginine nor CAT activity were affected by exposure to either metal. Energy metabolism was similarly affected both by exposure to Cu and exposure to Cd. The results obtained show the existence of an energy imbalance associated with oxidative damage, suggesting a comprehensive response. This work represents a first contribution of the evaluation of the effect of two heavy metals in some parameters of oxidative stress and energy metabolism of H. curvispina males. The results indicate these parameters can provide a sensitive criterion for the assessment of early ecotoxicological effects of Cu and Cd in laboratory assays, on a native species representative of the zoobenthic and epiphytic communities of South America.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anabella Giusto
- Applied Ecophysiology Program, Basic Sciences Department, Institute of Ecology and Sustainable Development (INEDES), National University of Luján, mailbox 221, B6700ZBA Luján, Argentina
| | - Lucrecia Ferrari
- Applied Ecophysiology Program, Basic Sciences Department, Institute of Ecology and Sustainable Development (INEDES), National University of Luján, mailbox 221, B6700ZBA Luján, Argentina; Scientific Research Commission (CIC), La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Negro CL, Castiglioni M, Senkman LE, Loteste A, Collins P. Cost of reproduction. Changes in metabolism and endosulfan lethality caused by reproductive behavior in Hyalella curvispina (Crustacea: Amphipoda). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2013; 90:121-127. [PMID: 23352127 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2012.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2012] [Revised: 12/13/2012] [Accepted: 12/21/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Biocides are periodically applied in agricultural activities, reaching aquatic systems and acting upon the biota. Amphipods are widely used in toxicity tests because of their sensitivity to a wide range of pollutants. In this work, we report the differential lethality of a widely used pesticide, endosulfan, on the amphipod Hyalella curvispina at two life stages and in three different adult groups, males and females separated by sex and both sexes grouped together. In addition, oxygen consumption of adult groups was determined as a way to estimate the role of behavioral activities and exposure to endosulfan in metabolism shifts. There were no differences between the LC(50) of juveniles and the adults when they were separated by sex (p>0.05). Nevertheless, the LC(50) of adults without sexual differentiation was significantly lower than the LC(50) of juveniles and adults separated by sex (p<0.05). The oxygen consumption rate was higher when adults were grouped without sexual differentiation in the control group. The exposure to low concentrations of endosulfan causes an increase in oxygen consumption in all the treatments. The sexual behavior increased the metabolism and the sensitivity to endosulfan. In future evaluations, adults grouped without sexual differentiation, which were the most sensitive group, should be included in order to mimic the environmental conditions. Using only juveniles or adults separated by sex in toxicity tests may inaccurately estimate the lethality of biocides, especially in species with constant reproductive activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C L Negro
- Instituto Nacional de Limnología (CONICET-UNL), Paraje El Pozo s/n, (3000) Santa Fe, Argentina.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Rosenkrantz RT, Baun A, Kusk KO. Growth inhibition and recovery of Lemna gibba after pulse exposure to sulfonylurea herbicides. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2013; 89:89-94. [PMID: 23276408 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2012.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2012] [Revised: 11/19/2012] [Accepted: 11/20/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The exposure of non-target aquatic organisms to pesticides often happens as short-term, high exposure events (pulses) and effects of these must be addressed in the current regulation in the EU. It is, however, questionable whether the effects of pulse exposures are adequately covered by the standardized ecotoxicological tests used in environmental effect assessments, since these aim at maintaining constant exposure concentrations during the incubation. Therefore, we investigated the effects of four sulfonylurea herbicides (flupyrsulfuron-methyl, metsulfuron-methyl, rimsulfuron, and thifensulfuron-methyl) on the growth of Lemna gibba over a 6-day period after 24h of pulse exposure, and compared with effects observed in standard OECD tests with continuous exposure. It was observed that concentrations around the E(y)C50-values found in OECD tests did not affect the growth in the 6 days post-exposure period. Slightly higher concentrations initially resulted in lower growth in pulse exposure tests, but the growth rate of the plants reached the level of untreated plants during the 6 days post-exposure period. The 24h pulse exposure tests gave 2-6 times higher E(y)C50-values than the OECD 7-d continuous exposure tests. The approach of this study enables experimentally based comparisons between observations of effects between the two exposure regimes. We propose that results obtained in this way be applied in effect assessments for intermittent releases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rikke T Rosenkrantz
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs Lyngby, Denmark.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Mugni H, Paracampo A, Marrochi N, Bonetto C. Acute toxicity of cypermethrin to the non target organism Hyalella curvispina. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2013; 35:88-92. [PMID: 23270860 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2012.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2012] [Revised: 11/15/2012] [Accepted: 11/18/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The acute toxicity of cypermethrin to the amphipod Hyalella curvispina was evaluated by means of a toxicity test under laboratory conditions. Cypermethrin is one of the most widely used insecticides in Argentina. H. curvispina is a widely distributed and commonly abundant component of the invertebrate assemblages in shallow waters of southern South America. The experiments were repeated three times. The mean 48-h LC(50) value for H. curvispina was estimated at 0.066μg/l. H. curvispina represents a good model for exotoxicological risk assessment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hernán Mugni
- ILPLA (CONICET-CCT La Plata) - UNLP Instituto de Limnología Dr. Raúl. A. Ringuelet, Av. Calchaquí Km. 23.5, 1888 Florencio Varela, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Paracampo AH, Mugni HD, Demetrio PM, Pardi MH, Bulus GD, Asborno MD, Bonetto CA. Toxicity persistence in runoff and soil from experimental soybean plots following insecticide applications. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2012; 47:761-8. [PMID: 22575003 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2012.676358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Persistence of toxicity in runoff water and soil was investigated in experimental soybean plots subjected to successive runoff events following pesticide application. Runoff events were produced by irrigation using a sprinkler system. The pesticides applied were cypermethrin and endosulfan, which are widely used in soy production in Argentina. Toxicity tests were performed on two abundant components of the regional fauna, the amphipod Hyalella curvispina and the fish Cnesterodon decemmaculatus. Runoffs from two pesticide applications were assayed at different stages of the growing season: an early application when the soil was almost bare and a late one close to harvest, when the ground was covered by vegetation and just before soy leaves fell. Toxicity to H. curvispina in runoff ceased almost one month after the early application of the two pesticides, while it persisted for over three months after the late application. Soil toxicity to H. curvispina and runoff toxicity to C. decemmaculatus followed the same pattern. Higher temperatures and solar radiation are likely to have enhanced insecticide degradation after the early application. Lower temperatures and solar radiation in combination with increased organic matter from litter probably contributed to the longer persistence of toxicity recorded after the late application, as compared with the early application. Cypermethrin caused no mortality to C. decemmaculatus after the early application, while endosulfan toxicity persisted for almost four months after the late one.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ariel H Paracampo
- Instituto de Limnología ''Dr. Raúl. A. Ringuelet''-CONICET-CCT La Plata-UNLP, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
García ME, Rodrígues Capítulo A, Ferrari L. Age differential response of Hyalella curvispina to a cadmium pulse: influence of sediment particle size. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2012; 80:314-320. [PMID: 22521810 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2012.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2011] [Revised: 03/21/2012] [Accepted: 03/25/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In Argentina periurban streams frequently receive agricultural, livestock and industrial discharges. Heavy metals have been found in the water column and sediments of numerous water bodies of the pampean region, at levels above the limits established for aquatic life protection. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of a contaminant pulse of cadmium discharged into a water-sediment system of different particle sizes, by means of laboratory tests using juveniles and adults of Hyalella curvispina, a native amphipod. We found that the substrate particle size was a determining factor in the toxicity of cadmium and that the adults of H. curvispina were more sensitive than juveniles. We also observed a temporal difference between the two ages for the same type of sediment. Given the nature of the sediments of regional water bodies, it is expected that a discharge of cadmium, even at concentrations as low as those tested here, will affect the survival of native amphipods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M E García
- Aquatic Ecology Program, Basic Sciences Department, - National University of Luján (UNLu), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Giusto A, Somma LA, Ferrari L. Cadmium toxicity assessment in juveniles of the Austral South America amphipod Hyalella curvispina. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2012; 79:163-169. [PMID: 22269795 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2011.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2011] [Revised: 12/27/2011] [Accepted: 12/28/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Hyalella curvispina is representative of zoobenthic communities in Austral South America. It is taxonomically close to Hyalella azteca and abundant in fresh water bodies of the pampasic region of Argentina. It is usually used as test organism in ecotoxicological studies at a regional level, and there is a strong concern to increase the knowledge of both their biology and their sensitivity to different toxic agents. The aim of the present work was to assess the effects of cadmium on H. curvispina juveniles exposed to concentrations expected in the water bodies of the distribution area of the species. Survival, growth and cadmium body burden were evaluated in aqueous and solid matrices under fixed experimental conditions. Animals were exposed in ten-day static toxicity bioassays to 2.5, 5.25 and 11.25 μg Cd/L for the aqueous-phase bioassays, and to 0.85, 2.8 and 5.6 mg Cd/Kg dry sediment for the solid-phase bioassays. In water only assays, the animals exposed to 11.25 μg Cd/L showed a significant decrease in survival and growth. In the sediment bioassays, no effect was observed on survival, and weight was significantly reduced at the highest concentration. Cadmium uptake was concentration dependent for both assay matrices and one order of magnitude higher in the aqueous medium than in the solid matrix. Results indicate that juveniles of H. curvispina are sensitive to cadmium concentrations expected in their environment and thus confirm their importance as test organisms for ecotoxicity assessment in water bodies within the distribution area of the species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anabella Giusto
- Applied Ecophysiology Program, Basic Sciences Department, Institute of Ecology and Sustainable Development (INEDES), National University of Luján, Casilla de Correo 221, B6700ZBA-Luján, Argentina
| | - Lucas A Somma
- Applied Ecophysiology Program, Basic Sciences Department, Institute of Ecology and Sustainable Development (INEDES), National University of Luján, Casilla de Correo 221, B6700ZBA-Luján, Argentina
| | - Lucrecia Ferrari
- Applied Ecophysiology Program, Basic Sciences Department, Institute of Ecology and Sustainable Development (INEDES), National University of Luján, Casilla de Correo 221, B6700ZBA-Luján, Argentina; Scientific Research Commission (CIC), La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| |
Collapse
|