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Afzal F, Ghaffar A, Jamil H, Abbas G, Tahir R, Ataya FS. Toxicological assessment of bromoxynil and 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid herbicide in combination on Cirrhinus mrigala using multiple biomarker approach. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 926:172019. [PMID: 38547980 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
The widespread application of herbicides raises concerns about their impact on non-target aquatic organisms. This study aimed to evaluate the toxicity of a commercially available herbicide formulation containing Bromoxynil+MCPA (2-Methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid) on Cirrhinus mrigala (economically significant fish). A total of 210 juvenile fish were subjected to a triplicate experimental setup, with 70 fish allocated to each replicate, exposed to seven different concentrations of herbicide: 0 mg/L, 0.133 mg/L, 0.266 mg/L, 0.4 mg/L, 0.5 mg/L, 0.66 mg/L, and 0.8 mg/L, respectively, for a duration of 96 h. The median lethal concentration (LC50) was determined to be 0.4 mg/L. Significant hematological alterations were observed, including decreases in RBC counts, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and lymphocyte counts, along with an increase in erythrocyte indices. Biochemical analysis revealed elevated levels of neutrophils, WBCs, bilirubin, urea, creatinine, ALT, AST, ALP, and glucose in treated groups. Morphological abnormalities in erythrocytes and histopathological changes in gills, liver, and kidneys were noted. Pathological alterations in gills, liver and kidneys including epithelial cell uplifting, lamellar fusion, hepatolysis, and renal tubule degeneration were observed. Oxidative stress biomarkers such as TBARS (Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substance), ROS (Reactive Oxygen Species), and POD (Peroxides) activity increased, while antioxidant enzymatic activities decreased as toxicant doses increased from low to high concentrations. The study reveals that Bromoxynil+MCPA significantly disrupts physiological and hematobiochemical parameters in Cirrhinus mrigala, which highlights the substantial aquatic risks. In conclusion, the herbicide formulation induced significant alterations in various fish biomarkers, emphasizing their pivotal role in assessing the environmental impact of toxicity. This multi-biomarker approach offers valuable insights regarding the toxicological effects, thereby contributing substantially to the comprehensive evaluation of environmental hazards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fozia Afzal
- Department of Zoology, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan; Department of Zoology, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Rahim Yar Khan Campus, Pakistan.
| | - Abdul Ghaffar
- Department of Zoology, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan.
| | - Habiba Jamil
- Department of Zoology, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Abbas
- Centre of Excellence in Marine Biology University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Rabia Tahir
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural university, Chengdu, China
| | - Farid Shokry Ataya
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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2
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Zhao GP, Cheng WL, Zhang ZH, Li YX, Li YQ, Yang FW, Wang YB. The use of amino acids and their derivates to mitigate against pesticide-induced toxicity. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 276:116340. [PMID: 38636261 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Exposure to pesticides induces oxidative stress and deleterious effects on various tissues in non-target organisms. Numerous models investigating pesticide exposure have demonstrated metabolic disturbances such as imbalances in amino acid levels within the organism. One potentially effective strategy to mitigate pesticide toxicity involves dietary intervention by supplementing exogenous amino acids and their derivates to augment the body's antioxidant capacity and mitigate pesticide-induced oxidative harm, whose mechanism including bolstering glutathione synthesis, regulating arginine-NO metabolism, mitochondria-related oxidative stress, and the open of ion channels, as well as enhancing intestinal microecology. Enhancing glutathione synthesis through supplementation of substrates N-acetylcysteine and glycine is regarded as a potent mechanism to achieve this. Selection of appropriate amino acids or their derivates for supplementation, and determining an appropriate dosage, are of the utmost importance for effective mitigation of pesticide-induced oxidative harm. More experimentation is required that involves large population samples to validate the efficacy of dietary intervention strategies, as well as to determine the effects of amino acids and their derivates on long-term and low-dose pesticide exposure. This review provides insights to guide future research aimed at preventing and alleviating pesticide toxicity through dietary intervention of amino acids and their derivates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Ping Zhao
- School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Wei-Long Cheng
- School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Zhi-Hui Zhang
- School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Yi-Xuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; National Center of Technology Innovation for Dairy, Inner Mongolia 013757, China
| | - Ying-Qiu Li
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Fang-Wei Yang
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Yan-Bo Wang
- School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China.
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3
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Karatas T, Cakir M. Assessment of deltamethrin-induced DNA damage, neurotoxic and neuroimmune effects in the brain tissue of brown trout ( Salmo trutta fario). VET MED-CZECH 2024; 69:77-83. [PMID: 38623154 PMCID: PMC11016297 DOI: 10.17221/115/2023-vetmed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the impact of deltamethrin (DM) toxicity on brown trout (Salmo trutta fario), examining its effects on the immune system, including the white blood cell (WBC), lymphocyte (Lym), total immunoglobulin (T. Ig), and lysozyme levels, as well as its neurotoxic consequences on the brain tissue. The neurotoxic effects encompassed oxidative stress, the activity of the antioxidant enzymes, such as the superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, and DNA damage using 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG). The DM exposure led to elevated levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), and 8-OHdG, while concurrently causing a reduction in the AChE activity, protein and lipid content, WBC count, Lym, lysozyme activity, T. Ig levels, as well as the SOD and CAT levels in the brain tissues of groups 2 and 3 when compared to those in group 1. In summary, the findings of this study strongly indicate that DM induces DNA damage, immunotoxicity, and neurotoxicity in the brain tissue of brown trout, primarily due to the excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Moreover, the observed dose-dependent responses of DM to the environmental concentrations on all the investigated parameters suggest its potential utility in aquaculture risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tayfun Karatas
- Health Services Vocational School, Agri Ibrahim Cecen University, Agri, Turkiye
| | - Murteza Cakir
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkiye
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Kumar Reddy CP, Manikandavelu D, Arisekar U, Albeshr MF, Alrefaei AF, Ahilan B, Keerthana M, Packialakshmi JS. Toxicological effect of endocrine disrupting heavy metal (Pb) on Mekong silurid Pangasius catfish, Pangasius hypophthalmus. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 231:116033. [PMID: 37142082 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The current study aimed to investigate the effects of lead nitrate exposure on the enzymatical, haematological, and histological changes in the gill, liver, and kidney of Pangasius hypophthalmus. The fish were divided into six groups and treated with different Pb concentrations. The LC50 value of Pb was 55.57 mg/L at 96 h for P. hypophthalmus, and sublethal toxicity was assessed for 45 days at 1/5th (11.47 mg/L) and 1/10th (5.57 mg/L) of LC50 concentration. Enzymes such as aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels, alkaline phosphate (ALP), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) content increased significantly during sublethal toxicity of Pb. The reduction of HCT and PCV indicates an anemic condition due to the toxicity of Pb. Differential leucocytes, lymphocytes, and monocytes and their % values significantly decreased, indicating Pb exposure. The main histological changes observed in the gills were the destruction of secondary lamellae, the fusion of adjacent gill lamellae, primary lamellae hypertrophy, and severe hyperplasia, while in kidney exposed to Pb showed melanomacrophages, increased periglomerular, peritubular space, vacuolation, shrunken glomerulus, destruction of tubular epithelium, and hypertrophy of distal convoluted segment. The liver showed severe necrosis and rupture of hepatic cells, hyper trepheoid bile duct, shifting of nuclei, and vascular hemorrhage, while in the brain, binucleus, mesoglea cells, vacuole, and ruptured nucleus were observed. In conclusion, P. hypophthalmus, which has been exposed to Pb has developed a number of toxicity markers. Consequently, prolonged exposure to higher Pb concentrations may be harmful to fish health. The findings strongly suggest that the lead had a detrimental impact on the P. hypophthalmus population, as well as on the water quality and non-target aquatic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - D Manikandavelu
- Dr. M.G. R. Fisheies College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Fisheries University, Ponneri, 601 204, India
| | - Ulaganathan Arisekar
- Department of Fish Quality Assurance and Management, Fisheries College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Fisheries University, Thoothukudi, 628 008, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Mohammed F Albeshr
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - B Ahilan
- Dr. M.G. R. Fisheies College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Fisheries University, Ponneri, 601 204, India
| | - M Keerthana
- Department of Fisheries and Fishermen Welfare, Thoothukudi, 628 001, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - J Saranya Packialakshmi
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyung Hee University (KHU), 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, South Korea
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Shahjahan M, Islam MJ, Hossain MT, Mishu MA, Hasan J, Brown C. Blood biomarkers as diagnostic tools: An overview of climate-driven stress responses in fish. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 843:156910. [PMID: 35753474 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Global climate change due to anthropogenic activities affects the dynamics of aquatic communities by altering the adaptive capacities of their inhabitants. Analysis of blood provides valuable insights in the form of a comprehensive representation of the physiological and functional status of fish under various environmental and treatment conditions. This review synthesizes currently available information about blood biomarkers used in climate change induced stress responses in fish. Alterations in informative blood-based indicators are used to monitor the physiological fitness of individual fishes or entire populations. Specific characteristics of fish blood, such as serum and plasma metabolites, cell composition, cellular abnormalities, cellular and antioxidant enzymes necessitate adapted protocols, as well as careful attention to experimental designs and meticulous interpretation of patterns of data. Moreover, the sampling technique, transportation, type of culture system, acclimation procedure, and water quality must all be considered for valid interpretation of hemato-biochemical parameters. Besides, blood collection, handling, and storage time of blood samples can all have significant impacts on the results of a hematological analysis, so it is optimal to perform hemato-biochemical evaluations immediately after blood collection because long-term storage can alter the results of the analyses, at least in part as a result of storage-related degenerative changes that may occur. However, the scarcity of high-throughput sophisticated approaches makes fish blood examination studies promising for climate-driven stress responses in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Shahjahan
- Laboratory of Fish Ecophysiology, Department of Fisheries Management, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh.
| | - Md Jakiul Islam
- Department of Fisheries Technology and Quality Control, Faculty of Fisheries, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet 3100, Bangladesh
| | - Md Tahmeed Hossain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Moshiul Alam Mishu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet 3114, Bangladesh
| | - Jabed Hasan
- Laboratory of Fish Ecophysiology, Department of Fisheries Management, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Christopher Brown
- FAO-World Fisheries University Pilot Programme, Pukyong National University, 45 Yongso-ro, Nam-gu, Busan 48513, South Korea
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Leighton GRM, Bishop JM, Camarero PR, Mateo R, O'Riain MJ, Serieys LEK. Poisoned chalice: Use of transformed landscapes associated with increased persistent organic pollutant concentrations and potential immune effects for an adaptable carnivore. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 822:153581. [PMID: 35104517 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Wildlife around cities bioaccumulate multiple harmful environmental pollutants associated with human activities. Exposure severity can vary based on foraging behaviour and habitat use, which can be examined to elucidate exposure pathways. Carnivores can play vital roles in ecosystem stability but are particularly vulnerable to bioaccumulation of pollutants. Understanding the spatial and dietary predictors of these contaminants can inform pollutant control, and carnivores, at the top of food webs, can act as useful indicator species. We test for exposure to toxic organochlorines (OCs), including dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane (DDT) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), in a medium-sized felid, the caracal (Caracal caracal), across the peri-urban and agricultural landscapes of the city of Cape Town, South Africa. Concentrations in both blood (n = 69) and adipose tissue (n = 25) were analysed along with detailed spatial, dietary, demographic, and physiological data to assess OC sources and exposure risk. The analysis revealed widespread exposure of Cape Town's caracals to organochlorines: detection rate was 100% for PCBs and 83% for DDTs in blood, and 100% for both compounds in adipose. Caracals using human-transformed areas, such as vineyards and areas with higher human population and electrical transformer density, as well as wetland areas, had higher organochlorine burdens. These landscapes were also highly selected foraging areas, suggesting caracals are drawn into areas that co-incidentally increase their risk of exposure to these pollutants. Further, biomagnification potential was higher in individuals feeding on higher trophic level prey and on exotic prey. These findings point to bioaccumulation of OC toxicants and widespread exposure across local food webs. Additionally, we report possible physiological effects of exposure, including elevated white blood cell and platelet count, suggesting a degree of immunological response that may increase disease susceptibility. Cape Town's urban fringes likely represent a source of toxic chemicals for wildlife and require focused attention and action to ensure persistence of this adaptable mesocarnivore.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella R M Leighton
- Institute for Communities and Wildlife in Africa (iCWild), Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - Jacqueline M Bishop
- Institute for Communities and Wildlife in Africa (iCWild), Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Pablo R Camarero
- Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (IREC - CSIC, UCLM, JCCM), Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Rafael Mateo
- Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (IREC - CSIC, UCLM, JCCM), Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - M Justin O'Riain
- Institute for Communities and Wildlife in Africa (iCWild), Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Laurel E K Serieys
- Institute for Communities and Wildlife in Africa (iCWild), Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Cape Leopard Trust, Cape Town, South Africa; Panthera, NY, New York, USA
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Clinicohematological, Mutagenic, and Oxidative Stress Induced by Pendimethalin in Freshwater Fish Bighead Carp (Hypophthalmichthys nobilis). OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:2093822. [PMID: 35528506 PMCID: PMC9072014 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2093822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Currently, aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems are continuously and chronically polluted by cocktails of countless chemical compounds. The susceptibility to infections is tremendously increasing in a variety of organisms due to exposure to environmental pollutants. Pendimethalin, an herbicide, is continuously used in agriculture to remove unwanted broadleaf weeds across the globe. Therefore, this study investigates the mechanisms of toxicity of pendimethalin in freshwater fish bighead carp upon exposure to low and environmentally relevant concentrations. For this purpose, 48 fish without any clinical abnormalities were kept in a glass aquarium in different experimental groups (T0, T1, T2, and T3). These groups were treated with pendimethalin at 0.00, 0.25, 0.50, and 0.75 mg/L, respectively. Four fish were randomly picked from each experimental group and killed at 72, 96, and 120 hours of the trial to study hematobiochemical parameters and visceral tissues including the brain, liver, heart, gills, and kidneys for histopathology. Herbicide-treated fish indicated various physical and behavioral abnormalities including hypersecretion of mucus, erratic swimming, operculum movement, air gulping, tremors of fins, loss of equilibrium, and increased surface breathing. Histopathologically, gills tissues of treated fish indicated atrophied lamellae, uplifting of secondary lamellae, necrosis of primary and secondary lamellar epithelial cells, telogenesis, congestion, and lamellar fusion. Histopathological examination of liver tissues of treated fish showed mild to moderate congestion, necrosis of hepatocytes, and atrophy of hepatocytes while kidneys revealed degeneration of renal tubules, glomerular atrophy, ceroid, and necrosis of renal tubules. The erythrocyte counts, monocyte and lymphocyte counts, and hemoglobin values were significantly (P < 0.05) reduced in pendimethalin-treated fish. Results on serum biochemistry showed that the biomarkers of kidneys, heart, and liver were significantly higher in fish of treated groups. In addition, values of different biochemical reactions like reactive oxygen species (ROS), thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS), total proteins, and quantity of different antioxidant enzymes including reduced glutathione (GSH), catalase, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were significantly different when compared to untreated fish. Moreover, the percentile of different nuclear abnormalities in red blood cells and frequency of DNA damage increased significantly in treated fish. It can be concluded from the findings that pendimethalin causes its toxic effects via disruption of physiological and hematobiochemical reactions of fish.
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Islam MA, Amin SMN, Brown CL, Juraimi AS, Uddin MK, Arshad A. Determination of Median Lethal Concentration (LC 50) for Endosulfan, Heptachlor and Dieldrin Pesticides to African Catfish, Clarias gariepinus and Their Impact on Its Behavioral Patterns and Histopathological Responses. TOXICS 2021; 9:340. [PMID: 34941774 PMCID: PMC8703865 DOI: 10.3390/toxics9120340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Pesticides such as endosulfan, heptachlor and dieldrin persist in aquatic environments as a result of their resistance to biodegradation. However, there is no adequate information about the toxicity of endosulfan, heptachlor and dieldrin to the aquatic organism, African catfish (Clarias gariepinus)-a high valued widely distributed commercially interesting species. The current experiment was performed with the aim to determine the median lethal concentration (LC50) of endosulfan, heptachlor and dieldrin to African catfish (Clarias gariepinus); their behavioral abnormalities and histopathological alterations in several vital organs. A total of 324 juvenile fish were exposed for 96 h to six concentrations of endosulfan and dieldrin at 0, 0.001, 0.002, 0.004, 0.008 and 0.016 ppm, and to heptachlor at concentrations of 0, 0.02, 0.04, 0.08, 0.16 and 0.32 ppm for dose-response tests. The study demonstrated that the species is highly susceptible to those contaminants showing a number of behavioral abnormalities and histopathological changes in gill, liver and muscle. The 96-h LC50 value of endosulfan, dieldrin and heptachlor for the African catfish was found as 0.004 (0.001-0.01) mg/L, 0.006 mg/L and 0.056 (0.006-0.144) mg/L, respectively. Abnormal behaviors such as erratic jerky swimming, frequent surfacing movement with gulping of air, secretion of mucus on the body and gills were observed in response to the increasing exposure concentrations. Histopathological alterations of liver, gill and muscle tissues were demonstrated as vacuolization in hepatocytes, congestion of red blood cells (RBCs) in hepatic portal vein; deformed secondary lamellae and disintegrated myotomes with disintegrated epidermis, respectively. These findings are important to monitor and responsibly manage pesticide use in and around C. gariepinus aquacultural areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Ariful Islam
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (M.A.I.); (S.M.N.A.)
- Shrimp Research Station, Bangladesh Fisheries Research Institute (BFRI), Bagerhat 9300, Bangladesh
| | - S. M. Nurul Amin
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (M.A.I.); (S.M.N.A.)
- Department of Aquaculture, FAO World Fisheries University, Busan 48547, Korea;
| | | | - Abdul Shukor Juraimi
- Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Malaysia;
| | - Md. Kamal Uddin
- Department of Land Management, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Malaysia;
| | - Aziz Arshad
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (M.A.I.); (S.M.N.A.)
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Merçon J, Silva Cabral D, Chisté Teixeira B, Miura Pereira T, Magalhães Bona A, Valadares Locateli Armini C, do Nascimento Agostinho SG, Carvalho Gomes L. Evidence of reproductive disturbance in Astyanax lacustris (Teleostei: Characiformes) from the Doce River after the collapse of the Fundão Dam in Mariana, Brazil. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:66643-66655. [PMID: 34235679 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15238-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The Fundão Dam collapsed, on November 5th, 2015, dumping more than 50 million/m3 of iron ore tailings, enriched with metals, into the Doce River channel. The objective of this study was to evaluate the reproductive biology and histological damage in Astyanax lacustris specimens exposed to the metals from the dam collapse. The study was carried out at Doce River, in Espírito Santo State, Brazil. Monthly samplings were carried out for a year. Astyanax lacustris had multiple spawning: females' reproductive peak was in September, October, November, and December; and males between September, October, January, and February. There was a latency in the formation of gonads. For male gonads, it was necessary a 6 cm growth for it to increase from 30 to 50% and 4 cm for female gonads to increase from 40 to 50%. There is a positive correlation between gonad's concentration of Al and Fe and the rate of histological damage in females. Male gonads had a high rate of immature cells invading the cell lumen (47.36%) and female gonads showed a higher frequency of atresia (39.64%). Fish exposed to the contaminated water showed moderate-high gonad histological damage. The observed changes can directly influence the organism's development and reproduction in the long run, thus affecting A. lacustris population present in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Merçon
- Laboratório de Ictiologia Aplicada - LabPeixe, Universidade Vila Velha, Complexo Biopráticas, Av. José Dantas de Melo, 21, Boa Vista, Zip Code, Vila Velha, ES, 29102-770, Brazil.
| | - Dandara Silva Cabral
- Laboratório de Ictiologia Aplicada - LabPeixe, Universidade Vila Velha, Complexo Biopráticas, Av. José Dantas de Melo, 21, Boa Vista, Zip Code, Vila Velha, ES, 29102-770, Brazil
| | - Bárbara Chisté Teixeira
- Laboratório de Ictiologia Aplicada - LabPeixe, Universidade Vila Velha, Complexo Biopráticas, Av. José Dantas de Melo, 21, Boa Vista, Zip Code, Vila Velha, ES, 29102-770, Brazil
| | - Tatiana Miura Pereira
- Laboratório de Ictiologia Aplicada - LabPeixe, Universidade Vila Velha, Complexo Biopráticas, Av. José Dantas de Melo, 21, Boa Vista, Zip Code, Vila Velha, ES, 29102-770, Brazil
| | - Alliny Magalhães Bona
- Laboratório de Ictiologia Aplicada - LabPeixe, Universidade Vila Velha, Complexo Biopráticas, Av. José Dantas de Melo, 21, Boa Vista, Zip Code, Vila Velha, ES, 29102-770, Brazil
| | - Catharina Valadares Locateli Armini
- Laboratório de Ictiologia Aplicada - LabPeixe, Universidade Vila Velha, Complexo Biopráticas, Av. José Dantas de Melo, 21, Boa Vista, Zip Code, Vila Velha, ES, 29102-770, Brazil
| | - Silvia Gabriela do Nascimento Agostinho
- Laboratório de Ictiologia Aplicada - LabPeixe, Universidade Vila Velha, Complexo Biopráticas, Av. José Dantas de Melo, 21, Boa Vista, Zip Code, Vila Velha, ES, 29102-770, Brazil
| | - Levy Carvalho Gomes
- Laboratório de Ictiologia Aplicada - LabPeixe, Universidade Vila Velha, Complexo Biopráticas, Av. José Dantas de Melo, 21, Boa Vista, Zip Code, Vila Velha, ES, 29102-770, Brazil
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Nephale LE, Moyo NAG, Rapatsa MM. Use of biomarkers in monitoring pollution status of urban rivers, Limpopo, South Africa. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:55116-55128. [PMID: 34128166 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14881-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the use of enzymes and histology as potential biomarkers in Sand and Blood Rivers in Limpopo Province, South Africa. Physico-chemical parameters were analyzed at sites S1, S2, S3, S4, and S5 of the Sand River and sites B1 and B2 of the Blood River. Sites S1 and B1 were selected as the reference sites and located upstream of the Polokwane and Seshego wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) effluent discharge points, respectively. Water quality parameters assessed were water temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO), biological oxygen demand (BOD), total dissolved solids (TDS), turbidity, ammonia, nitrogen, phosphorus, and pH. Sites downstream the WWTPs recorded elevated levels of nitrogen, phosphorus, and ammonia. DO, ammonia, nitrogen, and phosphorus were above the targeted water quality range (TWQR) for aquatic ecosystems. The Canadian council of ministers of the environment water quality index (CCME WQI) showed that the reference sites had good water condition while sites downstream (S2, B2, S3, and S4) had poor water condition. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzyme activity in the brain of Clarias gariepinus from sites downstream was lower than those from sites upstream of the effluent discharge points. The liver of Clarias gariepinus from sites downstream showed higher lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) enzyme activity compared to fish caught at the reference sites. Furthermore, Clarias gariepinus from sites downstream showed a number of histological alterations in gills and liver than fish from upstream. Histological alterations observed in gills included fusion of the secondary lamellae, hyperplasia of the interlamellar, epithelial lifting of secondary lamellae, and hyperplasia of the secondary lamellae. In the liver, histological alterations observed included melanomacrophage centers (MMCs), macrovesicular steatosis, sinusoid congested with kupffer cells, nuclei pleomorphism, and vacuolation. The gill and liver indices were significantly lower at the reference sites compared to sites downstream. Evidently, AChE, LDH, and gill and liver histology can be used as early warning signs of aquatic degradation in rivers that are recipients of poorly treated sewage effluent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livhuwani E Nephale
- Aquaculture Research Unit, School of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Limpopo (Turfloop Campus), Private Bag X1106, Sovenga, 0727, South Africa.
| | - Ngonidzashe A G Moyo
- Aquaculture Research Unit, School of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Limpopo (Turfloop Campus), Private Bag X1106, Sovenga, 0727, South Africa
| | - Mmaditshaba M Rapatsa
- Aquaculture Research Unit, School of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Limpopo (Turfloop Campus), Private Bag X1106, Sovenga, 0727, South Africa
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Dang M, Nørregaard R, Sonne C, Bach L, Stride M, Jantawongsri K, Nowak B. Splenic and renal melanomacrophage centers in shorthorn sculpins (Myoxocephalus scorpius) in Nuuk harbor, West Greenland. Polar Biol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-021-02934-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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12
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Santana MS, Sandrini-Neto L, Di Domenico M, Prodocimo MM. Pesticide effects on fish cholinesterase variability and mean activity: A meta-analytic review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 757:143829. [PMID: 33248758 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Fish cholinesterases (ChEs) - like acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) - are common biomarkers of environmental contamination due to their sensitivity to a variety of toxicants. To understand pesticide effects on fish ChEs mean activity and variability, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analyses. Our goal was to verify (i) if brain and muscle ChEs responded differently to pesticide exposure; (ii) how fish size and life stage (i.e., juvenile and adult) influence ChEs variability and mean activity; (iii) what type of pesticides (i.e., herbicide, insecticide, and fungicide) has the strongest effect, and if the analytical-grade compounds differ from commercial formulations; (iv) if increasing concentrations combined with prolonged exposure leads to stronger ChEs inhibition; and (v) how each class of pesticide affects these enzymes. We validated ChEs reliability as biomarkers and identified factors influencing their response. Regardless of tissue, BChE response was more variable than AChE, and no difference between their average activity was detected. The size of juvenile fish is an important factor affecting ChEs mean activity and variability, whereas pesticide had no significant effect on adult fish ChEs. Insecticides were stronger inhibitors compared to herbicides and fungicides. Analytical-grade compounds decreased ChEs mean activity to a higher degree than commercial formulations. The combined effect of concentration and time was only significant for fungicides and insecticides. Among classes, organophosphorus insecticides had the strongest effect on ChEs, followed by carbamates, organochlorines, and pyrethroids. Organophosphorus herbicides and oxazolidinones were the only herbicides to decrease ChEs mean activity significantly, and their effects were similar from those of pyrethroids and organochlorines. Additionally, our results identified research gaps, such as the small number of studies on fungicides, neonicotinoids and other relevant pesticides. These findings suggest future directions, which might help researchers identify robust cause-effect relationships between fish ChEs and pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela S Santana
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, CEP 81.531-980 Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil; Centro de Estudos do Mar, Universidade Federal do Paraná, CEP 83255-976 Pontal do Paraná, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Leonardo Sandrini-Neto
- Centro de Estudos do Mar, Universidade Federal do Paraná, CEP 83255-976 Pontal do Paraná, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Maikon Di Domenico
- Centro de Estudos do Mar, Universidade Federal do Paraná, CEP 83255-976 Pontal do Paraná, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Maritana Mela Prodocimo
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, CEP 81.531-980 Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
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Pandey SK, Ojha PK, Roy K. Exploring QSAR models for assessment of acute fish toxicity of environmental transformation products of pesticides (ETPPs). CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 252:126508. [PMID: 32240857 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Environmental transformation products of pesticides (ETPPs) have a great deal of ecological impact owing to their ability to cause toxicity to the aquatic organisms, which can then be translated to the humans. The limited experimental data on biochemical and toxic effects of ETPPs, the high test costs together with regulatory limitations and the international push to reduce animal testing encourage greater dependence on predictive in silico techniques like quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) models. The aim of the present work was to explore the key structural features, which regulate the toxicity towards fishes, for 85 ETPPs using a partial least squares (PLS) regression based chemometric model developed according to Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) guidelines. The model was extensively validated using both internal and external validation metrics, and the results so obtained justify the reliability and usefulness of the developed model (Q2 = 0.648, R2pred or Q2F1 = 0.734 and Q2F2 = 0.733). From the developed model, we can conclude that lipophilicity, polarity, presence of branching and the functional form of O-atom in the transformed structures of pesticides are the important features that are to be considered during ecotoxicity assessment of ETPPs. The information obtained from the descriptors of the developed model could be utilized in the future for assessing ETPPs with the benefit of providing an early warning of their potentially detrimental effect on fishes for regulatory purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sapna Kumari Pandey
- Drug Theoretics and Cheminformatics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Probir Kumar Ojha
- Drug Theoretics and Cheminformatics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Kunal Roy
- Drug Theoretics and Cheminformatics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India.
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Bojarski B, Witeska M. Blood biomarkers of herbicide, insecticide, and fungicide toxicity to fish-a review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:19236-19250. [PMID: 32248419 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08248-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides are widely used in the world agriculture, and they may adversely affect non-target organisms, including fish. The present 2000-2019 literature review summarizes hematological and blood biochemical effects of various herbicides, insecticides, and fungicides in fish. The observed changes usually indicate anemia and inflammation, as well as hyperglycemia, hypoproteinemia, increase in cortisol concentration and activities of hepatic aminotransferases that are typical for intoxication and stress. Other changes that are also sometimes observed such as increase in red blood parameters indicate compensatory response. The often-noted symptoms of immunosuppression show an adverse effect of pesticides on immune system and possible immunosuppression. Pathophysiological changes in fish induced by pesticides depend on many factors, such as active compound and its concentration, exposure duration, fish species, environmental conditions, etc. Hematological and blood biochemical parameters appear to be useful biomarkers for evaluation of physiological state of fish exposed to pesticides; however, they are not specific markers of intoxication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz Bojarski
- Department of Zoology and Animal Welfare, Faculty of Animal Science, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-059, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Małgorzata Witeska
- Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, Prusa 14, 08-110, Siedlce, Poland
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Mishra AK, Gopesh A, Singh KP. Acute toxic effects of chlorpyrifos on pseudobranchial neurosecretory system, brain regions and locomotory behavior of an air-breathing catfish,Heteropneustes fossilis(Bloch 1794). Drug Chem Toxicol 2020; 45:670-679. [DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2020.1762631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ajeet Kr. Mishra
- Department of Zoology, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, India
| | - Anita Gopesh
- Department of Zoology, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, India
| | - K. P. Singh
- Department of Zoology, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, India
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Martyniuk CJ, Mehinto AC, Denslow ND. Organochlorine pesticides: Agrochemicals with potent endocrine-disrupting properties in fish. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2020; 507:110764. [PMID: 32112812 PMCID: PMC10603819 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2020.110764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) are persistent environmental contaminants that act as endocrine disruptors and organ system toxicants. These pesticides (e.g. dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), dieldrin, toxaphene, among others) are ranked as some of the most concerning chemicals for human health. These pesticides (1) act as teratogens, (2) are neuroendocrine disruptors, (3) suppress the immune and reproductive systems, and (4) dysregulate lipids and metabolism. Using a computational approach, we revealed enriched endocrine-related pathways in the Comparative Toxicogenomics Database sensitive to this chemical class, and these included reproduction (gonadotropins, estradiol, androgen, steroid biosynthesis, oxytocin), thyroid hormone, and insulin. Insight from the Tox21 and ToxCast programs confirm that these agrochemicals activate estrogen receptors, androgen receptors, and retinoic acid receptors with relatively high affinity, although differences exist in their potency. We propose an adverse outcome pathway for OCPs toxicity in the fish testis as a novel contribution to further understanding of OCP-induced toxicity. Organochlorine pesticides, due to their persistence and high toxicity to aquatic and terrestrial wildlife as well as humans, remain significant agrochemicals of concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Martyniuk
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, UF, USA; Genetics Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Alvine C Mehinto
- Southern California Coastal Water Research Project Authority, Costa Mesa, CA, 92626, CA, USA
| | - Nancy D Denslow
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, UF, USA; Genetics Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
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17
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Malarvannan G, Poma G, Covaci A. Interspecies comparison of the residue levels and profiles of persistent organic pollutants in terrestrial top predators. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 183:109187. [PMID: 32006764 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Revised: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Serum samples from three species of living terrestrial top predators were analysed for six groups of persistent organic pollutants (POPs), such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and its metabolites (DDTs), chlordane compounds (CHLs), hexachlorocyclohexane isomers (HCHs), hexachlorobenzene (HCB) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs). The study included three carnivore species: lion (Panthera leo), hyena (Hyena brunnea) and cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus). All samples were collected from healthy living animals between 2004 and 2005. Most of the samples (wild lions (n = 50) and hyenas (n = 11)) were collected from various locations within the Kruger National Park and Addo National Park (South Africa), while captive lions (n = 6) and cheetahs (n = 3) were collected from the Antwerp Zoo (Belgium). In general, relatively low levels of POPs were found in the studied species, varying widely within species and locations. Median concentrations of POPs were higher in captive lions (PCBs: 505 pg/mL; DDTs: 270 pg/mL; HCHs: 72 pg/mL; HCB: 34 pg/mL; CHLs: 24 pg/mL; PBDEs: 8 pg/mL) compared to wild lions (DDTs: 274 pg/mL; HCHs: 44 pg/mL; CHLs: 7.9 pg/mL; PCBs: 2.1 pg/mL; HCB: < LOQ; PBDEs: < LOQ). In the wild animals, POPs accumulated in the following order: DDTs > HCHs > CHLs > HCB > PCBs > PBDEs, while in the captive animals, the order was: PCBs > DDTs > CHLs > HCHs > HCB > PBDEs, suggesting differences in the diet of these animals. Furthermore, wild hyena contained significantly higher (p < 0.05) median levels of POPs compared to wild lions, possibly reflecting differences in metabolic capacity and/or feeding habits, together with an uneven distribution of POPs in the area where the animals lived. No previous data are available to compare for similar terrestrial top predators, such as lion, hyena and cheetah. To our knowledge, this is first study on POPs in these three species. The low POP levels found in this study were several orders of magnitude lower than those for other carnivore species, such as polar bears, grizzly bears, brown bears and wolves worldwide. The present study has revealed the need for expanding research and monitoring on occurrence, levels and disposition of POPs in the top predators of the terrestrial environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Govindan Malarvannan
- Toxicological Centre, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, Wilrijk, Belgium.
| | - Giulia Poma
- Toxicological Centre, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Adrian Covaci
- Toxicological Centre, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, Wilrijk, Belgium.
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Da Cuña RH, Lo Nostro FL, Shimabukuro V, Ondarza PM, Miglioranza KSB. Bioaccumulation and Distribution Behavior of Endosulfan on a Cichlid Fish: Differences Between Exposure to the Active Ingredient and a Commercial Formulation. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2020; 39:604-611. [PMID: 31775175 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Persistent organic pollutants reach aquatic ecosystems during application and can bioconcentrate/biomagnify because of their lipophilic nature. Toxicological studies focus almost exclusively on the active ingredients of pesticides, instead of commercial formulations, whose toxicity can differ as a result of nonspecified ingredients. The intensive use of endosulfan as a wide-ranging insecticide over the last few decades makes it one of the most frequently detected contaminants in the aquatic environment, even after it has been restricted worldwide. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the bioaccumulation and organ distribution of waterborne endosulfan in the freshwater fish Cichlasoma dimerus, comparing the active ingredient and a commercial formulation. Males were exposed to 0.7 μg/L endosulfan for 2 wk, which was quantified (gas chromatography with an electron capture detector) in the liver, testes, gills, brain, and muscle. The results suggest rapid metabolism of α-endosulfan and β-endosulfan isomers to endosulfan sulfate (endosulfan-S) in tissues. Isomer levels were highest in gills, indicative of recent uptake. Levels of endosulfan-S were highest in liver and testes for the active ingredient and testes and brain for the commercial formulation. For the active ingredient, endosulfan-S levels showed a positive correlation with organ-lipid percentage. No correlation was evident for the commercial formulation, indicating that the presence of adjuvants alters endosulfan distribution because gills and liver showed a higher uptake and mobilization of β-endosulfan. These differences in organ distribution may alter tissue-specific toxicity; therefore, additives cannot be considered inactive even if nontoxic. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:604-611. © 2019 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Hérnan Da Cuña
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología Acuática, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fabiana Laura Lo Nostro
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología Acuática, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Valeria Shimabukuro
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras, Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología y Contaminación Ambiental, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Mar del Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Paola Mariana Ondarza
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras, Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología y Contaminación Ambiental, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Mar del Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Karina Silvia Beatriz Miglioranza
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras, Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología y Contaminación Ambiental, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Mar del Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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19
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Liu J, Shen J, Lu G, Xu X, Yang H, Yan Z, Chen W. Multilevel ecotoxicity assessment of environmentally relevant bisphenol F concentrations in Daphnia magna. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 240:124917. [PMID: 31726617 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
With the pressure to ban or limit the use of Bisphenol A (BPA), substitutes such as bisphenol F (BPF) are applied to various commodities and generally detected in aquatic systems worldwide. To understand the potential ecological risk of BPF, the acute toxicity as well as behavioural, physiological and biochemical parameters of the water flea Daphnia magna were assessed. Following BPF exposure at concentrations ranging from 0.1 μg L-1 to 100 μg L-1, phenotypic traits including growth development, fecundity and swimming activity were significantly inhibited in response to exposure to sublethal concentrations (1-100 μg L-1) of BPF, which had a positive relationship with the activity of antioxidant enzymes. Moreover, the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, which was strictly associated with the behavioural changes, was clearly inhibited, which was also obviously related to the heart rate and thoracic limb activity. Compared to the toxicity of BPA, BPF induces similar toxic effects, and the health concerns regarding the use of these alternatives should be highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianchao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Jie Shen
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Guanghua Lu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China; College of Hydraulic and Civil Engineering, XiZang Agricultural and Animal Husbandry College, Linzhi, China.
| | - Xinlei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Haohan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Zhenhua Yan
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resources Development, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
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Borase HP, Muley AB, Patil SV, Singhal RS. Nano-eco toxicity study of gold nanoparticles on aquatic organism Moina macrocopa: As new versatile ecotoxicity testing model. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2019; 68:4-12. [PMID: 30849701 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2019.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In the field of nanoecotoxicology, very few reports have focused on biochemical changes in non-target organisms after nanoexposure. A less explored aquatic non-target crustacean, Moina macrocopa, was used in the present study to analyze toxicity effects of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), an emerging nanomaterial. AuNPs was fabricated using tannic acid and were 29 ± 2 nm in size. The 48 h LC50 value of AuNPs was 14 ± 0.14 mg/L against M. macrocopa. The sub-lethal exposure of M. macrocopa juveniles to AuNPs (1.47 and 2.95 mg/L) decreased the activities of acetyl cholinesterase and digestive enzymes (trypsin and amylase). A concentration dependant increase in the activities of antioxidant enzymes such as catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione S-transferase suggested the generation of oxidative stress in M. macrocopa after AuNPs exposure. Changes in enzyme activity can be utilized as biomarker(s) for early detection of nanoparticle contamination in aquatic habitat. AuNPs accumulation in gut of M. macrocopa increased the metal bio burden (11 mg/L) and exhibited inhibitory action on digestive enzymes. Complete depuration of AuNPs was not observed after transferring nano-exposed M. macrocopa to normal medium without AuNPs. AuNPs tended to adhere on external body parts such as setae, carapace of M. macrocopa which interfered with swimming activity and also changed the behavioral pattern. AuNPs underwent agglomeration in the medium used for maintenance of M. macrocopa. As nanomaterials are emerging pollutants in aquatic systems, the present work highlights the hazardous effect of AuNPs and development of enzymatic biomarkers to curtail it at community level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemant P Borase
- Food Engineering and Technology Department, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, 400019, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Abhijeet B Muley
- Food Engineering and Technology Department, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, 400019, Maharashtra, India
| | - Satish V Patil
- School of Life Sciences, North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon, 425001, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rekha S Singhal
- Food Engineering and Technology Department, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, 400019, Maharashtra, India
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Crupkin AC, Iturburu FG, Crupkin M, Menone ML. Myofibrilar functional dysregulation in fish: A new biomarker of damage to pesticides. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 158:44-49. [PMID: 29656163 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.03.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Endosulfan (ES) modifies the ultrastructure of skeletal muscle fibers and causes changes to the swimming behavior of fish. The objectives of the present work were to evaluate, in fishes of Australoheros facetus, 1) the integrity of myofibrils (Mf) by the analysis of SDS-PAGE profiles, and 2) the functionality of Mf through the microscopically monitoring of the contraction and changes in Mg2+ Ca2+- ATPase and Mg2+(EGTA) -ATPase activities. As expected, after the addition of the contraction buffer, control fish Mf contracted. On the contrary, Mf from fish exposed at 0.5 μg/L ES showed a partial contraction and none of the fish exposed at 10 μg/L ES contracted. As judged by its high Mg2+ Ca2+ ATPase activity and low Mg2+ (EGTA) ATPase activity, control Mf showed good functionality. In Mf from fish exposed to 0.5 and 10 μg/L ES the activities of these enzymes were similar, suggesting denaturation or degradation of some component of tropomyosin-troponin complex. SDS-PAGE patterns of Mf from fish exposed to ES showed degradation of the myosin heavy chain and of tropomyosin. Similar values of lipid peroxidation (TBARS) were found in both control and exposed Mf, suggesting that lipid oxidation was not be related to the above-mentioned changes. The observed effects expand the knowledge of ES action in muscles and could be used as biomarkers of damage in fishes exposed to organochlorine compounds like the insecticide endosulfan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea C Crupkin
- Laboratorio Ecotoxicología, Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas (CIC), Facultad Cs. Ex. y Nat.-UNMDP, Funes 3350, 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Fernando G Iturburu
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC)- UNMDP, CONICET, Facultad Cs. Ex. y Nat. Lab. Ecotoxicología, Funes 3350, 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Marcos Crupkin
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, UNMDP, Ruta 226, km 73.5, Balcarce, Argentina
| | - Mirta L Menone
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC)- UNMDP, CONICET, Facultad Cs. Ex. y Nat. Lab. Ecotoxicología, Funes 3350, 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina.
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Majumder R, Kaviraj A. Acute and sublethal effects of organophosphate insecticide chlorpyrifos on freshwater fish Oreochromis niloticus. Drug Chem Toxicol 2018; 42:487-495. [DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2018.1425425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rajib Majumder
- Department of Zoology, Vivekananda Mahavidyalaya, Hooghly, India
| | - Anilava Kaviraj
- Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, India
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Nordin I, Ibrahim N, Ahmad S, Hamidin N, Dahalan F, Shukor MA. Endosulfan Toxicity to Anabas testudineus and Histopathological Changes on Vital Organs. E3S WEB OF CONFERENCES 2018; 34:02055. [DOI: 10.1051/e3sconf/20183402055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
The toxicity of endosulfan, an organochlorine type insecticide to a commonly consumed freshwater fish species, A. testudineus (40.68±9.03 g; 13.49±0.99 cm), was investigated under static conditions. The nominal endosulfan concentrations ranging from 10 to 80 μg/L subjected to the fish population results in 96-hour median lethal concentration, LC50, of 35.2±3.99 μg/L. The toxicity is a function of both endosulfan concentration and exposure time (p>0.05). Histopathological analysis on vital organs exposed to sublethal concentrations indicates that structural changes started at sublethal dose and the effects aggravated with increasing endosulfan concentration. Gill was found to experience aneurism, hyperplasia in lamellar and autolysis of mast cell. Pyknotic nuclei and necrosis were observed in liver cell, while the lumen of renal tubule was found to narrow and haemorrhage was observed in cytoplasm cell. High LC50 compared to other fishes indicates that A. testudineus has high tolerant to endosulfan, however, endosulfan slowly alters the fish biochemistry and is potentially transferable to human
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Endosulfan is toxic to the reproductive health of male freshwater fish, Cyprinion watsoni. Naturwissenschaften 2017; 104:104. [DOI: 10.1007/s00114-017-1526-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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25
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Wang W, Bai J, Zhang G, Wang X, Jia J, Cui B, Liu X. Depth-distribution, possible sources, and toxic risk assessment of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in different river sediment cores affected by urbanization and reclamation in a Chinese delta. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 230:1062-1072. [PMID: 28764122 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.06.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Sediment cores were collected in urban (0-50 cm), rural (0-40 cm) and reclamation-affected river (0-40 cm) environments in the Pearl River Delta. Concentrations of 16 organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) were determined in all collected samples to identify the depth-distribution, possible sources and ecotoxicological risks of OCPs in river sediments affected by urbanization and reclamation in a Chinese delta. The results showed that the top 10 cm of rural river sediments had slightly lower concentrations of the 16 OCPs compared to urban and reclamation-affected rivers, whereas the 30-40 cm sediment layers in the rural river showed higher levels of the 16 OCPs. However, higher OCPs levels were observed in the 20-30 cm sediment layers in the urban river than in the rural and reclamation-affected rivers. The principal OCPs in most deeper sediment layers were hexachlorobezene (HCB), the combination of aldrin, endrin and dieldrin (ΣDRINs) and the combination of α-HCH, β-HCH and γ-HCH (ΣHCHs). The predominant OCPs in surface sediments were HCB, ΣDRINs and the combination of p,p'-DDD, o,p'-DDT, p,p'-DDT and p,p'-DDE (ΣDDTs). Generally, OCP concentrations decreased with depth along sediment profiles at most sampling sites in the three types of rivers. The source analyses indicated that some sampling sites were still suffering from the recent use of hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs), dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes (DDTs) and aldrin. According to the soil quality thresholds of China, the levels of HCHs and DDTs at most sampling sites were below class Ⅰ criteria. Based on the sediment quality guideline quotient (SQGQ), the combined ecotoxicological risk of OCPs (γ-HCH, dieldrin, p,p'-DDD, p,p'-DDE and p,p'-DDT) in surface sediments (0-10 cm) was higher than deeper sediments, and the rural river sediments exhibited a higher combined ecotoxicological risk than the sediments in urban and reclamation-affected rivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China
| | - Junhong Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China.
| | - Guangliang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China
| | - Xin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China
| | - Jia Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China
| | - Baoshan Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China
| | - Xinhui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China
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26
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Marcon L, Thomé RG, Mounteer AH, Bazzoli N, Rizzo E, Benjamin LDA. Immunohistochemical, morphological and histometrical analyses of follicular development in Astyanax bimaculatus (Teleostei: Characidae) exposed to an organochlorine insecticide. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2017; 143:249-258. [PMID: 28551582 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Thiodan® is an organochlorine insecticide used in agriculture that can reach aquatic ecosystems where it can affect fish reproduction. This research aimed to evaluate follicular development and the expression of integrin β1, collagen type IV and caspase 3 by morphological, histometrical and immunohistochemical analyses of Astyanax bimaculatus exposed to Thiodan®. Treatments included three sublethal concentrations of Thiodan® (1.15, 2.30, and 5.60μgL-1) for 96h and a control without the insecticide. Mature females with ovaries in advanced follicular development were chosen for study (average weight: 11.52 ± 2.0g; average total length: 9.12 ± 0.64cm). The follicles of A. bimaculatus exhibited normal morphology, while the diameters of secondary follicles showed an increase (P< 0.05) in all concentrations when compared to the control group; a characteristic of follicles undergoing the initial stages of intoxication. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed secondary follicles with greater expression of integrin β1 and collagen type IV in cytoplasm of follicular cells than in the primary follicles in all treatments and in the control. Immunolocalization of caspase 3 was detected in follicular cells during secondary development in all tested concentrations of Thiodan® and the control. These analyses demonstrate positive immunolocalization throughout the course of follicular development, even in fish exposed to varying concentrations of Thiodan® for 96h, demonstrating that follicular cells retain their physiological integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Marcon
- Departamento de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. Peter Henry Rolfs s/n, Campus Universitário, 36570-000 Viçosa, MG, Brasil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia de Vertebrados, PUC-Minas, Av. Dom José Gaspar, 500, Coração Eucarístico, 30535-610 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.
| | - Ralph Gruppi Thomé
- Departamento de Morfologia, Universidade Federal de São João Del-Rei, Campus Centro-Oeste. Rua Sebastião Gonçalves Coelho, 400, Chanadour, 35501-296 Divinópolis, MG, Brasil
| | - Ann Honor Mounteer
- Departamento de Engenharia Civil, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. Peter Henry Rolfs s/n, Campus Universitário, 36570-000 Viçosa, MG, Brasil
| | - Nilo Bazzoli
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia de Vertebrados, PUC-Minas, Av. Dom José Gaspar, 500, Coração Eucarístico, 30535-610 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - Elizete Rizzo
- Departamento de Morfologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627, Campus UFMG, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - Laércio Dos Anjos Benjamin
- Departamento de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. Peter Henry Rolfs s/n, Campus Universitário, 36570-000 Viçosa, MG, Brasil.
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27
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Antunes AM, Rocha TL, Pires FS, de Freitas MA, Leite VRMC, Arana S, Moreira PC, Sabóia-Morais SMT. Gender-specific histopathological response in guppies Poecilia reticulata exposed to glyphosate or its metabolite aminomethylphosphonic acid. J Appl Toxicol 2017; 37:1098-1107. [PMID: 28425566 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Revised: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Ecotoxicity of glyphosate (GLY) and its metabolite aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) was investigated in guppies, Poecilia reticulata. We tested the effects of these chemicals on the gills and liver of both male and female guppies using qualitative and quantitative histopathological analyses associated with histopathological condition indexes. Both genders showed similar median lethal concentration (LC50 ) at 96 h for GLY (68.78 and 70.87 mg l-1 ) and AMPA (180 and 164.32 mg l-1 ). However, the histopathological assessment of both fish organs exposed to sublethal concentrations of GLY (35 mg l-1 ) and AMPA (82 mg l-1 ) for 96 h showed a tissue- and gender-specific histopathological response. In both exposure assays, fish presented mainly progressive changes, such as proliferation of the interlamellar epithelium, partial and total fusion of secondary lamellae. The liver showed mainly regressive changes, such as steatosis, pyknotic nuclei and high distribution of collagen fibers. Unusually large hepatocytes as degenerated cells were also detected. Histopathological changes in gills were similar for the males and females, but the liver response was different between the genders. The hepatic inflammatory changes were more common in males. The increase in the area of hepatocyte vacuoles is gender dependent with higher values in the male compared to the female guppies exposed to GLY and AMPA. Multiparametric analysis indicated that the male guppies are more sensitive than females, particularly in the presence of AMPA. Our study shows that the histopathological assessment associated with gender-specific response can be successfully used in ecotoxicological assessment of GLY and the metabolite AMPA. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Maria Antunes
- Laboratory of Cellular Behavior, Department of Morphology, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Thiago Lopes Rocha
- Laboratory of Cellular Behavior, Department of Morphology, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
- CIMA, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Fernando Santiago Pires
- Laboratory of Cellular Behavior, Department of Morphology, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Meire Alves de Freitas
- Laboratory of Cellular Behavior, Department of Morphology, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Rafaela Milhomem Cruz Leite
- Laboratory of Cellular Behavior, Department of Morphology, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Sarah Arana
- Laboratório de Histofisiologia e Histopatologia Experimental em Animais Ectotérmicos, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Paulo César Moreira
- Department of Morphology, Federal University of Goiás, Goiania, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Simone Maria Teixeira Sabóia-Morais
- Laboratory of Cellular Behavior, Department of Morphology, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
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28
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Ballesteros ML, Hued AC, Gonzalez M, Miglioranza KSB, Bistoni MA. Evaluation of the Health Status of the Silverside (Odontesthes bonariensis) at a RAMSAR Site in South America. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2017; 99:62-68. [PMID: 28299406 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-017-2055-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this work was to evaluate the health status of an economic and ecologically important fish species from Mar Chiquita Lake, a RAMSAR site located in Cordoba, Argentina, relative to the levels of selected persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in lake water and fish tissues. Odontesthes bonariensis was used as a model species, and its health was estimated by means of histological indices in gills and liver. Sampling was performed according to rainy and dry seasons (i.e. dry, rainy and post-rainy). Gill and liver histopathology were evaluated by semi-quantitative indices and morphometric analysis. Although epithelial lifting in gills and lipid degeneration in liver were frequently registered, they are considered as reversible if environmental conditions improve. During rainy and post-rainy seasons fish presented significantly higher scores of liver and total indices. These higher index scores were correlated with increased levels of POPs in gill and liver tissue. Therefore, preventive measures are needed to mitigate the entry of these compounds into the lake.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Ballesteros
- Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal (CONICET-UNC) and Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Av. Vélez Sársfield 299, Córdoba,, X5000JJC, Argentina
| | - A C Hued
- Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal (CONICET-UNC) and Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Av. Vélez Sársfield 299, Córdoba,, X5000JJC, Argentina
| | - M Gonzalez
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología y Contaminación Ambiental Funes 3350, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), UNMdP, CONICET, Mar del Plata, B7602AYL, Argentina
| | - K S B Miglioranza
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología y Contaminación Ambiental Funes 3350, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), UNMdP, CONICET, Mar del Plata, B7602AYL, Argentina
| | - M A Bistoni
- Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal (CONICET-UNC) and Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Av. Vélez Sársfield 299, Córdoba,, X5000JJC, Argentina.
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29
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Topal A, Alak G, Ozkaraca M, Yeltekin AC, Comaklı S, Acıl G, Kokturk M, Atamanalp M. Neurotoxic responses in brain tissues of rainbow trout exposed to imidacloprid pesticide: Assessment of 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine activity, oxidative stress and acetylcholinesterase activity. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 175:186-191. [PMID: 28219821 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.02.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The extensive use of imidacloprid, a neonicotinoid insecticide, causes undesirable toxicity in non-targeted organisms including fish in aquatic environments. We investigated neurotoxic responses by observing 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) activity, oxidative stress and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in rainbow trout brain tissue after 21 days of imidacloprid exposure at levels of (5 mg/L, 10 mg/L, 20 mg/L). The obtained results indicated that 8-OHdG activity did not change in fish exposed to 5 mg/L of imidacloprid, but 10 mg/L and 20 mg/L of imidacloprid significantly increased 8-OHdG activity compared to the control (p < 0.05). An immunopositiv reaction to 8-OHdG was detected in brain tissues. The brain tissues indicated a significant increase in antioxidant enzyme activities (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx)) compared to the control and there was a significant increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) levels (p < 0.05). High concentrations of imidacloprid caused a significant decrease in AChE enzyme activity (p < 0.05). These results suggested that imidacloprid can be neurotoxic to fish by promoting AChE inhibition, an increase in 8-OHdG activity and changes in oxidative stress parameters. Therefore, these data may reflect one of the molecular pathways that play a role in imidacloprid toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Topal
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Fisheries, Ataturk University, TR-25030 Erzurum, Turkey.
| | - Gonca Alak
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Ataturk University, TR-25030 Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Ozkaraca
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary, Ataturk University, TR-25030 Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Aslı Cilingir Yeltekin
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Yuzuncu Yıl University, TR-65080 Van, Turkey
| | - Selim Comaklı
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary, Ataturk University, TR-25030 Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Gurdal Acıl
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Fisheries, Ataturk University, TR-25030 Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Mine Kokturk
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Ataturk University, TR-25030 Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Muhammed Atamanalp
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Ataturk University, TR-25030 Erzurum, Turkey
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30
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Dos Santos APR, Rocha TL, Borges CL, Bailão AM, de Almeida Soares CM, de Sabóia-Morais SMT. A glyphosate-based herbicide induces histomorphological and protein expression changes in the liver of the female guppy Poecilia reticulata. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 168:933-943. [PMID: 27836263 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.10.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate-based herbicides (GBH) are among the most common herbicides found in aquatic systems, but limited data are available about their mode of action and hepatotoxicity in fish. This study investigated the hepatotoxicity induced by GBH in the guppy Poecilia reticulata using a histopathological assessment associated with a proteomic approach. Guppies were exposed to GBH for 24 h at 1.8 mg of glyphosate L-1, corresponding to 50% of the LC50, 96 h. The results indicate that the GBH at 1.8 mg of glyphosate L-1 induce the development of hepatic damage in P. reticulata, which is exposure-time dependent. The histopathological indexes demonstrate that GBH cause inflammatory, regressive, vascular and progressive disorders in the liver of guppies. Using 2D gel electrophoresis associated with mass spectrometry, 18 proteins that changed by GBH were identified and were related to the cellular structure, motility and transport, energy metabolism and apoptosis. The results show that the acute exposure to GBH causes hepatic histopathological damage related to protein expression profile changes in P. reticulata, indicating that a histopathological assessment associated with a proteomic analysis provides a valuable approach to assess the toxic effects of GBH in sentinel fish species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Rezende Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Cellular Behavior, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Thiago Lopes Rocha
- Laboratory of Cellular Behavior, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil; CIMA, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro, Portugal
| | - Clayton Luiz Borges
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Melo Bailão
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
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31
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Topal A, Alak G, Altun S, Erol HS, Atamanalp M. Evaluation of 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine and NFkB activation, oxidative stress response, acetylcholinesterase activity, and histopathological changes in rainbow trout brain exposed to linuron. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2017; 49:14-20. [PMID: 27886567 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2016.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Revised: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Linuron is a widely used herbicide to control grasses and annual broad leaf weeds. It is known that linuron has toxic effects on different organisms. However, the toxic effects of linuron on aquatic organisms, especially fish, is completely unknown. Thus, we aimed to investigate changes in 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and nuclear factor kappa B (NFkB) activity, histopathological changes, antioxidant responses and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in rainbow trout brain after exposure to linuron. Fish were exposed to 30μg/L, 120μg/L and 240μg/L concentrations of linuron for twenty-one days. Brain tissues were taken from fish for 8-OHdG and NFkB activity, histopathological examination and determination of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) enzyme activity, lipid peroxidation (LPO), and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels. Our data indicated that high linuron concentrations caused a decrease in GSH levels, SOD and CAT activities in brain tissues (p<0.05). LPO levels were significantly increased by 240μg/L linuron. All concentrations caused a significant inhibition in brain AChE enzyme activity (p<0.05). Immunopositivity was detected for 8-OHdG and NFkB, and linuron exposure caused histopathological damage to the brain tissues. The results of this study can provide useful information for understanding of linuron-induced toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Topal
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Fisheries, Ataturk University, TR-25030 Erzurum, Turkey.
| | - Gonca Alak
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Ataturk University, TR-25030 Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Serdar Altun
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary, Ataturk University, TR-25030 Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Hüseyin Serkan Erol
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary, Ataturk University, TR-25030 Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Muhammed Atamanalp
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Ataturk University, TR-25030 Erzurum, Turkey
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32
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Wang W, Bai J, Xi M, Zhao Q, Zhang G, Wen X, Xiao R. Occurrence, sources, and risk assessment of OCPs in surface sediments from urban, rural, and reclamation-affected rivers of the Pearl River Delta, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:2535-2548. [PMID: 27822694 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-8016-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Sediments were collected to a depth of 20 cm from urban, rural, and reclamation-affected rivers in the Pearl River Delta of China. In total, 16 organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) were analyzed in all sediment samples, and the occurrence, possible sources, toxicity, and health risks of OCPs were evaluated to compare the contamination characteristics of OCPs in sediments among the three types of rivers. The results showed that concentrations of Σ16OCPs in sediments from the three rivers followed the order urban river > reclamation-affected river > rural river, with a mean value of 247.21, 232.91, and 114.92 μg/kg, respectively, and the predominant OCPs were hexachlorobenzene (HCB), dieldrin, aldrin, endrin, and hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs). Source diagnostics illustrated that there might be recent input of HCHs, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes (DDTs), and endosulfan in some sampling sites. Based on the soil quality thresholds of China, both HCHs and DDTs fell within the range of class II criteria except for some sediment samples in urban rivers with lower levels (below class I criteria). According to sediment quality guidelines, 92.86 % of samples were predicted to be toxic. The health risk assessment showed that OCPs would not pose a threat to people via dermal contact, ingestion, and inhalation, and the followed order of incremental lifetime cancer risks for OCPs in sediment samples was reclamation-affected river > urban river > rural river.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- State Key laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, People's Republic of China
| | - Junhong Bai
- State Key laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, People's Republic of China.
| | - Min Xi
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingqing Zhao
- State Key laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangliang Zhang
- State Key laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojun Wen
- State Key laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong Xiao
- School of Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
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33
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Ansoar-Rodríguez Y, Christofoletti CA, Correia JE, de Souza RB, Moreira-de-Sousa C, Marcato ACDC, Bueno OC, Malaspina O, Silva-Zacarin ECM, Fontanetti CS. Liver alterations in Oreochromis niloticus (Pisces) induced by insecticide imidacloprid: Histopathology and heat shock protein in situ localization. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2016; 51:881-887. [PMID: 27764581 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2016.1240559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Liver is very sensitive to environmental contaminants such as pesticides, it being the first target of toxicity of a substance. The objective of this study was to investigate the possible effects of the insecticide imidacloprid (IMI) on the liver of Oreochromis niloticus according concentrations used for growing sugarcane. A semi-quantitative analysis of histopathological alterations of IMI on liver was performed by light microscopy and cellular labeling of heat shock proteins (HSP70) by immunohistochemistry. The most common changes in liver at all concentrations of IMI were hydropic degeneration, pyknotic nuclei, and loss of cell limits. Steatosis and increased levels of HSP70 were detected in hepatocytes with the highest concentration of IMI. In conclusion, the tested concentrations of IMI induced histopathological changes in the liver of O. niloticus and active defence mechanisms to maintain the morphophysiological integrity of the liver. This insecticide has a toxicity potential for these fish, which is a non-target organism of its action.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jorge E Correia
- a UNESP-São Paulo State University , Rio Claro, São Paulo , Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Odair C Bueno
- c UNESP/CEIS-Centre for the Study of Social Insects , Rio Claro, Bela Vista, Rio Claro, São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Osmar Malaspina
- c UNESP/CEIS-Centre for the Study of Social Insects , Rio Claro, Bela Vista, Rio Claro, São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Elaine C M Silva-Zacarin
- d Department of Biology , UFSCar-Federal University of São Carlos , Sorocaba, São Paulo , Brazil
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Kumar N, Ambasankar K, Krishnani KK, Gupta SK, Bhushan S, Minhas PS. Acute toxicity, biochemical and histopathological responses of endosulfan in Chanos chanos. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2016; 131:79-88. [PMID: 27213563 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2016.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Revised: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated 96h median lethal concentration of endosulfan (99%, pure α: β ratio of 7:3) by conducting static non-renewable acute toxicity bio-assay in Chanos chanos juvenile with average weight (110±5.65g). Further, the effect of different definitive doses (18.5, 19.5, 20.5, 21.5 and 22.5µg/L) of endosulfan on metabolic, heamato-immunoligcal and histopathological response were probed. Anti-oxidative enzymes CAT, SOD and GST showed significant (p<0.01) increase of activity in the liver, gill and brain during exposure to endosulfan in a dose and time dependent manner. The brain AChE activity showed significant (p<0.01) inhibition from 18.5 to 22.5µg/L exposure of endosulfan than the control group. LDH and MDH activity gradually increased with consequent increasing dose of endosulfan exposure in the liver, gill and brain. Similarly, ALT, AST and G6PDH activities in both liver and gill increased with consequent increases in the dose of endosulfan exposure. Immunological profile such as blood glucose and serum cortisol level significantly enhanced while respiratory burst activity declined with consequent increasing doses of endosulfan exposure. Histopathological alteration in the gill demonstrated curling of secondary lamellae, thickening of primary epithelium, shorting of secondary lamellae, epithelial hyperplasia, fusion of secondary lamellae, aneurism, and collapsed secondary lamellae due to dose dependent exposure of endosulfan. Liver histology illustrated cloudy swelling and necrosis with pyknotic nuclei to the moderate dose of endosulfan, whereas higher dose of endosulfan (21.5µg/L) displayed severe necrosis of hepatic cells. Overall results clearly indicate that acute exposure of endosulfan led to pronounced deleterious alterations on biochemical, heamato-immunological, and histopathological responses of C. chanos juvenile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeraj Kumar
- ICAR, National Institute of Abiotic Stress Management, Baramati, Pune 413115, India.
| | - K Ambasankar
- ICAR-central Institute of Brackishwater Aquaculture, Chennai 600028, India
| | - K K Krishnani
- ICAR, National Institute of Abiotic Stress Management, Baramati, Pune 413115, India
| | - S K Gupta
- ICAR, Indian Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Ranchi 834010, India
| | - Shashi Bhushan
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai 400061, India
| | - P S Minhas
- ICAR, National Institute of Abiotic Stress Management, Baramati, Pune 413115, India
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Da Cuña RH, Rey Vázquez G, Dorelle L, Rodríguez EM, Guimarães Moreira R, Lo Nostro FL. Mechanism of action of endosulfan as disruptor of gonadal steroidogenesis in the cichlid fish Cichlasoma dimerus. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2016; 187:74-80. [PMID: 27235598 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2016.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Revised: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The organochlorine pesticide endosulfan (ES) is used in several countries as a wide spectrum insecticide on crops with high commercial value. Due to its high toxicity to non-target animals, its persistence in the environment and its ability to act as an endocrine disrupting compound in fish, ES use is currently banned or restricted in many other countries. Previous studies on the cichlid fish Cichlasoma dimerus have shown that waterborne exposure to ES can lead to both decreased pituitary FSH content and histological alterations of testes. As gonadotropin-stimulated sex steroids release from gonads was inhibited by ES in vitro, the aim of the present study was to elucidate possible mechanisms of disruption of ES on gonadal steroidogenesis in C. dimerus, as well as compare the action of the active ingredient (AI) with that of currently used commercial formulations (CF). Testis and ovary fragments were incubated with ES (AI or CF) and/or steroidogenesis activators or precursors. Testosterone and estradiol levels were measured in the incubation media. By itself, ES did not affect hormone levels. Co-incubation with LH and the adenylate cyclase activator forskolin caused a decrease of the stimulated sex steroids release. When co-incubated with precursors dehydroandrostenedione and 17αhydroxyprogesterone, ES did not affect the increase caused by their addition alone. No differences were observed between the AI and CFs, suggesting that the effect on steroidogenesis disruption is mainly caused by the AI. Results indicate that action of ES takes place downstream of LH-receptor activation and upstream of the studied steroidogenic enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo H Da Cuña
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología Acuática. DBBE, FCEyN, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina; IBBEA, CONICET-UBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Graciela Rey Vázquez
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología Acuática. DBBE, FCEyN, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina; IBBEA, CONICET-UBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Luciana Dorelle
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología Acuática. DBBE, FCEyN, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina; IBBEA, CONICET-UBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Enrique M Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Fisiología de Crustáceos, DBBE, FCEyN, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina; IBBEA, CONICET-UBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Fabiana L Lo Nostro
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología Acuática. DBBE, FCEyN, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina; IBBEA, CONICET-UBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Chiesa LM, Labella GF, Panseri S, Pavlovic R, Bonacci S, Arioli F. Distribution of persistent organic pollutants (POPS) IN wild Bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus) from different FAO capture zones. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 153:162-169. [PMID: 27016811 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Revised: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Residues of environmental contaminants in food represent a concern in food safety programs. In this study, the distribution of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) were evaluated in 79 tuna samples from FAO areas 51 (Indian Ocean), 71 (Pacific Ocean), 34 (Atlantic Ocean), and 37 (Mediterranean Sea). 6 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), 16 organochlorines (OCs) and 7 polybrominated biphenyl ethers (PBDEs) were selected as representative compounds according to EFSA POPs monitoring guidelines. An analytical method, based on Accelerated Solvent Extraction (ASE), with an "in-line" clean-up step and GC-MS/MS detection, was developed, validated and applied. PCBs were detected in all FAO areas, with a prevalence of 100% for most of them. In the FAO area 37, only, all PBDEs were detected. Only 5 OCs were detected. The results showed that POPs contamination of tuna reflects FAO area contamination; in particular FAO area 37 was the most polluted. Moreover, tuna muscle was an appropriate matrix for monitoring contamination and for obtaining information about food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Chiesa
- Department of Veterinary Science and Public Health, University of Milan, Via Celoria 10, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - G F Labella
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, University of Milan, Via Celoria 10, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - S Panseri
- Department of Veterinary Science and Public Health, University of Milan, Via Celoria 10, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - R Pavlovic
- Department of Veterinary Science and Public Health, University of Milan, Via Celoria 10, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - S Bonacci
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro Magna Graecia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - F Arioli
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, University of Milan, Via Celoria 10, 20133 Milan, Italy
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Kumar N, Ambasankar K, Krishnani KK, Bhushan S, Minhas PS. Dietary Pyridoxine Protects against Stress and Maintains Immunohaematological Status in Chanos chanos Exposed to Endosulfan. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2016; 119:297-308. [PMID: 27038044 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.12589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The amelioration effect of water-soluble vitamin pyridoxine against stress was evaluated in milkfish, Chanos chanos exposed to endosulfan. Two hundred and twenty-five fish were distributed randomly into five treatments, each with three replicates. Four isocaloric and isonitrogenous diets with graded levels of pyridoxine feed were as follows: normal water and fed with control diet (En0/PY0); endosulfan-treated water and fed with control diet (En/PY0); and endosulfan-treated water and fed with 50 (En/PY 50 mg/kg), 75 (En/PY 75 mg/kg) and 100 mg/kg (En/PY 100 mg/kg) pyridoxine-supplemented feed. The endosulfan in treated water was maintained at a level of 1/40th of LC50 (0.52 ppb). The effect of dietary pyridoxine supplementation was studied in terms of antioxidative enzymes (catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione-S-transferase), stress markers [heat-shock protein 70, caspase-3, cortisol, acetylcholine esterase (AChE), blood glucose], immunohaematological parameters (total protein, albumin, globulin and A/G ratio, nitroblue tetrazolium, RBC, WBC, Hb), gill histopathology and a subsequent challenge study with Vibrio parahaemolyticus. The antioxidative enzymes, stress markers, albumin and A/G ratio were significantly (p < 0.01) elevated, brain AChE and immunohaematological parameters were significantly (p < 0.01) decreased, and chromosome aberration and gill histopathology were also altered due to endosulfan exposure. The relative survival % was reduced due to the combined effect of endosulfan stress and bacterial challenge. Fish fed the diet supplemented with pyridoxine at 75 and 100 mg/kg was found to restore the studied parameter towards normal compared with control and indicated protection against endosulfan-induced stress significantly (p < 0.01). Results obtained in the present study indicate that the supplementation of 75 and 100 mg/kg of pyridoxine in the diet has a definitive role in the mitigation of the endosulfan-induced stress in milkfish, C. chanos fingerlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeraj Kumar
- ICAR - National Institute of Abiotic Stress Management, Baramati, Pune, India
| | | | | | - Shashi Bhushan
- ICAR - Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, India
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Barni MFS, Ondarza PM, Gonzalez M, Da Cuña R, Meijide F, Grosman F, Sanzano P, Lo Nostro FL, Miglioranza KSB. Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in fish with different feeding habits inhabiting a shallow lake ecosystem. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 550:900-909. [PMID: 26851762 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.01.176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2015] [Revised: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in the environment can affect organisms inhabiting aquatic systems, in particular shallow lakes that are vulnerable to environmental stressors. This study aimed to assess POPs accumulation and changes at histological and physiological levels in tissues of three fish species with different trophic habits. Gills, brain, muscle, liver and gonads of Odontesthes bonariensis, Oligosarcus jenynsii and Cyphocharax voga were collected from the shallow lake La Peregrina, located in an agricultural area from Argentina. In addition, contaminant levels in surface water (SW), suspended particulate matter (SPM) and bottom sediments (BS) were assessed. Histological lesions were evaluated in fish tissues and levels of vitellogenin (VTG) were assessed in plasma of male fish in order to correlate these alterations with the presence of POPs in the environment. Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) were determined by GC-ECD. Biotic and abiotic samples showed the same POPs distribution pattern: OCPs>PCBs>PBDEs. Although tissue distribution of OCPs was species-specific, muscle showed the lowest levels in all species. The most abundant contaminants were endosulfans, suggesting their widespread use in the area. O. bonariensis showed the highest endosulfans levels in liver (184.2-219ngg(-1)wet w), which was associated with the high SPM levels considering this species is a filter feeder. The occurrence of PCBs and PBDEs shows the ubiquity of these pollutants in the area. Histological lesions in gills and liver of O. bonariensis and O. jenynsii, might be related with the high levels of endosulfans in these organs. The detection of VTG in males warns about a possible exposure to estrogenic compounds in the environment. In conclusion, the simultaneous exposure of fish to multiple environmental pollutants leads to different alterations, so measures should be taken in order to prevent their occurrence and toxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- María F Silva Barni
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología y Contaminación Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMdP), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Mar del Plata 7600, Argentina
| | - Paola M Ondarza
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología y Contaminación Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMdP), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Mar del Plata 7600, Argentina
| | - Mariana Gonzalez
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología y Contaminación Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMdP), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Mar del Plata 7600, Argentina
| | - Rodrigo Da Cuña
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología Acuática, Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental (DBBE), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada (IBBEA), CONICET-UBA, C1428EGA Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fernando Meijide
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología Acuática, Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental (DBBE), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada (IBBEA), CONICET-UBA, C1428EGA Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fabián Grosman
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Tandil 7000, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto Multidisciplinario sobre Ecosistemas y Desarrollo Sustentable, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Tandil 7000, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pablo Sanzano
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Tandil 7000, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto Multidisciplinario sobre Ecosistemas y Desarrollo Sustentable, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Tandil 7000, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fabiana L Lo Nostro
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología Acuática, Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental (DBBE), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada (IBBEA), CONICET-UBA, C1428EGA Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Karina S B Miglioranza
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología y Contaminación Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMdP), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Mar del Plata 7600, Argentina.
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Miranda RR, Damaso da Silveira ALR, de Jesus IP, Grötzner SR, Voigt CL, Campos SX, Garcia JRE, Randi MAF, Ribeiro CAO, Filipak Neto F. Effects of realistic concentrations of TiO₂ and ZnO nanoparticles in Prochilodus lineatus juvenile fish. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:5179-5188. [PMID: 26555884 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5732-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The impact of nanoparticles on fish health is still a matter of debate, since nanotechnology is quite recent. In this study, freshwater benthonic juvenile fish Prochilodus lineatus were exposed through water to three concentrations of TiO2 (0.1, 1, and 10 μg l(-1)) and ZnO (7, 70, and 700 μg l(-1)) nanoparticles, as well as to a mixture of both (TiO2 1 μg l(-1) + ZnO 70 μg l(-1)) for 5 and 30 days. Nanoparticle characterization revealed an increase of aggregate size in the function of concentration, but suspensions were generally stable. Fish mortality was high at subchronic exposure to 70 and 700 μg l(-1) of ZnO. Nanoparticle exposure led to decreased acetylcholinesterase activity either in the muscle or in the brain, depending on particle composition (muscle-TiO2 10 μg l(-1); brain-ZnO 7 and 700 μg l(-1)), and protein oxidative damage increased in the brain (ZnO 70 μg l(-1)) and gills (ZnO 70 μg l(-1) and mixture) but not in the liver. Exposed fish had more frequent alterations in the liver (necrosis, vascular congestion, leukocyte infiltration, and basophilic foci) and gills (hyperplasia and epithelial damages, e.g., epithelial disorganization and epithelial loss) than the control fish. Thus, predicted concentrations of TiO2 and ZnO nanoparticles caused detectable effects on P. lineatus that may have important consequences to fish health. But, these effects are much more subtle than those usually reported in the scientific literature for high concentrations or doses of metal nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- R R Miranda
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Cx. Postal 19031, CEP 81.531-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
| | - A L R Damaso da Silveira
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Cx. Postal 19031, CEP 81.531-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - I P de Jesus
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Cx. Postal 19031, CEP 81.531-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - S R Grötzner
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Cx. Postal 19031, CEP 81.531-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - C L Voigt
- Programa Associado de Pós-Graduação em Química, Setor de Ciências Exatas e Naturais, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Caixa Postal 992, CEP: 84030-900, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil
| | - S X Campos
- Programa Associado de Pós-Graduação em Química, Setor de Ciências Exatas e Naturais, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Caixa Postal 992, CEP: 84030-900, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil
| | - J R E Garcia
- Estação de Piscicultura Panamá, Paulo Lopes, SC, Brazil
| | - M A F Randi
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Cx. Postal 19031, CEP 81.531-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - C A Oliveira Ribeiro
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Cx. Postal 19031, CEP 81.531-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - F Filipak Neto
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Cx. Postal 19031, CEP 81.531-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
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Meijide FJ, Rey Vázquez G, Piazza YG, Babay PA, Itria RF, Lo Nostro FL. Effects of waterborne exposure to 17β-estradiol and 4-tert-octylphenol on early life stages of the South American cichlid fish Cichlasoma dimerus. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2016; 124:82-90. [PMID: 26476329 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2015.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Revised: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Estrogenic chemicals are often detected in the aquatic environment and can negatively affect animal development and reproduction. In teleost fishes, the hormonal regulation during a critical period of larval development has a strong influence on gonadal sex differentiation; thus this process may be affected by the exposure to environmental estrogens. In this study, we first assessed the lethal acute toxicity of the natural estrogen 17β-estradiol (E2) and the weaker estrogen mimics 4-tert-octylphenol (OP) and 4-nonylphenol (NP) on larval stages of the South American cichlid fish Cichlasoma dimerus. In a further experiment, we analyzed the effects of chronic waterborne exposure to E2 and OP on gonad development and sex differentiation. Exposure to high concentrations of E2 had a pronounced feminizing effect directing sex differentiation towards ovarian development, while testis development was inhibited at a lower, environmentally relevant concentration. Among OP-exposed fish, 15-38.5% of the males exhibited testicular oocytes (TOs), a commonly reported biomarker of estrogenic exposure. However, since TOs were also recorded in control males and the proportion of males with TOs was not significantly higher in OP treatments, their occurrence could not be attributed to OP exposure. In addition, TOs did not seem to impair male gonad development and functionality since normal spermatogenesis was observed in testes of OP-treated fish. These results indicate that E2 occurring in the South American aquatic environment may affect male reproductive development and pose a risk for wild C. dimerus, especially under prolonged exposure, while the effects of weaker xenoestrogens such as OP would be negligible for gonad development in this species. As illustrated by this study, the natural occurrence of TOs indicates that conclusions concerning the causes of this phenomenon must be drawn with care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando J Meijide
- Laboratorio Ecotoxicología Acuática, DBBE, FCEN, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, 1428 CABA, Argentina; IBBEA, CONICET-UBA, CABA, Argentina.
| | - Graciela Rey Vázquez
- Laboratorio Ecotoxicología Acuática, DBBE, FCEN, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, 1428 CABA, Argentina; IBBEA, CONICET-UBA, CABA, Argentina
| | - Yanina G Piazza
- Laboratorio Ecotoxicología Acuática, DBBE, FCEN, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, 1428 CABA, Argentina
| | - Paola A Babay
- Gerencia Química, Centro Atómico Constituyentes, CNEA, Avenida General Paz 1499, 1650 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Raúl F Itria
- INTI, Avenida General Paz 5445, 1650 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fabiana L Lo Nostro
- Laboratorio Ecotoxicología Acuática, DBBE, FCEN, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, 1428 CABA, Argentina; IBBEA, CONICET-UBA, CABA, Argentina
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41
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Kumar N, Sharma R, Tripathi G, Kumar K, Dalvi RS, Krishna G. Cellular metabolic, stress, and histological response on exposure to acute toxicity of endosulfan in tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus). ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2016; 31:106-115. [PMID: 25060992 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2014] [Revised: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 07/13/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Endosulfan is one of the most hazardous organochlorines pesticides responsible for environmental pollution, as it is very persistent and shows bio-magnification. This study evaluated the impact of acute endosulfan toxicity on metabolic enzymes, lysozyme activities, heat shock protein (Hsp) 70 expression, and histopathology in Tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus). Among the indicators that were induced in dose dependent manner were the enzymes of amino acid metabolism (serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase), carbohydrate metabolism (serum lactate dehydrogenase), pentose phosphate pathway (Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase) as well as lysozyme and Hsp70 in liver and gill, while liver and gill Isocitrate dehydrogenase (TCA cycle enzyme) and marker of general energetics (Total adenosine triphosphatase) were inhibited. Histopathological alterations in gill were clubbing of secondary gill lamellae, marked hyperplasia, complete loss of secondary lamellae and atrophy of primary gill filaments. Whereas in liver, swollen hepatocyte, and degeneration with loss of cellular boundaries were distinctly noticed. Overall results clearly demonstrated the unbalanced metabolism and damage of the vital organs like liver and gill in Tilapia due to acute endosulfan exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeraj Kumar
- Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Versova, Mumbai, 400061, Maharashtra, India
- Edaphic Stress Management, National Institute of Abiotic Stress Management, Baramati, Pune, 413115, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rupam Sharma
- Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Versova, Mumbai, 400061, Maharashtra, India
| | - Gayatri Tripathi
- Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Versova, Mumbai, 400061, Maharashtra, India
| | - Kundan Kumar
- Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Versova, Mumbai, 400061, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rishikesh S Dalvi
- Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Versova, Mumbai, 400061, Maharashtra, India
- Department of Zoology, Maharshi Dayanand College, Parel, Mumbai, 400012, Maharashtra, India
| | - Gopal Krishna
- Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Versova, Mumbai, 400061, Maharashtra, India
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42
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Yılmaz D, Kalay M, Dönmez E, Yılmaz N. Assessment of biological effects of environmental pollution in Mersin Bay (Turkey, northeastern Mediterranean Sea) using Mullus barbatus and Liza ramada as target organisms. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2016; 208:361-370. [PMID: 26552534 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2015.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Revised: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The increasing emphasis on the assessment and monitoring of marine ecosystems has revealed the need to use appropriate biological indicators for these areas. Enzyme activities and histopathology are increasingly being used as indicators of environmental stress since they provide a definite biological end-point of pollutant exposure. As part of an ecotoxicological assessment of Mersin Bay, EROD enzyme activity and histopathological response in selected organs and tissues of two species of fish, Mullus barbatus (red mullet) and Liza ramada (thinlip grey mullet), captured from area were examined. Pollutant (Organochlorines (OC), alkylphenols (APs) and BPA) levels and biomarker responses in tissue samples were evaluated together for their potential to alter the metabolism and cellular aspects in liver and gonad. Elevated induction of EROD activity and histopathological alterations in contaminated samples from Mersin Bay was observed compared to reference site indicating the exposure to potential pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doruk Yılmaz
- Faculty of Fisheries, Mersin University, Yenisehir Kampusu, P.O. Box 33169 Mersin, Turkey.
| | - Mustafa Kalay
- Faculty of Fisheries, Mersin University, Yenisehir Kampusu, P.O. Box 33169 Mersin, Turkey
| | - Erdem Dönmez
- Faculty of Fisheries, Mersin University, Yenisehir Kampusu, P.O. Box 33169 Mersin, Turkey
| | - Nejat Yılmaz
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Mersin University, Ciftlikkoy Kampusu, P.O. Box 33169 Mersin, Turkey
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43
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Durando M, Canesini G, Cocito LL, Galoppo GH, Zayas MA, Luque EH, Muñoz-de-Toro M. Histomorphological changes in testes of broad-snouted caimans (Caiman latirostris) associated within ovoexposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 325:84-96. [DOI: 10.1002/jez.1999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Revised: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Milena Durando
- Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral (ISAL, UNL-CONICET), Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas; Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL); Santa Fe Argentina
| | - Guillermina Canesini
- Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral (ISAL, UNL-CONICET), Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas; Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL); Santa Fe Argentina
| | - Laura L. Cocito
- Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral (ISAL, UNL-CONICET), Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas; Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL); Santa Fe Argentina
| | - Germán H. Galoppo
- Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral (ISAL, UNL-CONICET), Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas; Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL); Santa Fe Argentina
| | - Marcelo A. Zayas
- Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral (ISAL, UNL-CONICET), Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas; Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL); Santa Fe Argentina
| | - Enrique H. Luque
- Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral (ISAL, UNL-CONICET), Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas; Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL); Santa Fe Argentina
| | - Mónica Muñoz-de-Toro
- Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral (ISAL, UNL-CONICET), Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas; Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL); Santa Fe Argentina
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Ramesh M, Narmadha S, Poopal RK. Toxicity of furadan (carbofuran 3% g) in Cyprinus carpio: Haematological, biochemical and enzymological alterations and recovery response. BENI-SUEF UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF BASIC AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjbas.2015.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
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45
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Melo KM, Oliveira R, Grisolia CK, Domingues I, Pieczarka JC, de Souza Filho J, Nagamachi CY. Short-term exposure to low doses of rotenone induces developmental, biochemical, behavioral, and histological changes in fish. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:13926-13938. [PMID: 25948382 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-4596-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Rotenone, a natural compound derived from plants of the genera Derris and Lonchocarpus, is used worldwide as a pesticide and piscicide. This study aims to assess short-term toxicity of rotenone to early-life stages of the fish Danio rerio and Poecilia reticulata using a wide and integrative range of biomarkers (developmental, biochemical, behavioral, and histopathological). Moreover, the species sensitivity distribution (SSD) approach was used to compare rotenone acute toxicity to fish species. Toxicity tests were based on the OECD protocols, fish embryo toxicity test (for D. rerio embryos), and fish acute toxicity test (for P. reticulata juveniles). D. rerio embryos were used to estimate lethal concentrations and analyze embryonic and enzymatic alterations (activity of catalase, glutathione-S-transferase, and cholinesterase), while P. reticulata juveniles were used for the assessment of histological damage in the gills and liver. Rotenone induced significant mortality in zebrafish embryos with a 96-h lethal concentration 50% (LC50) = 12.2 μg/L. Rotenone was embryotoxic, affecting the development of D. rerio embryos, which showed cardiac edema; tail deformities; loss of equilibrium; and a general delay characterized by lack of tail detachment, delayed somite formation, yolk sac absorption, and lack of pigmentation. Biochemical biomarker inhibition was observed for concentrations ≥1 μg/L for CAT and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and for cholinesterase (ChE) in concentration from 10 μg/L. Behavioral changes were observed for P. reticulata juveniles exposed to concentrations equal to or above 25 μg/L of rotenone; moreover, histological damage in the liver and gills of fish exposed to concentrations equal to or above 2.5 μg/L could be observed. A hazard concentration 5% (HC5) of 3.2 μg/L was estimated considering the acute toxicity data for different fish species (n = 49). Lethal and sublethal effects of rotenone raise a concern about its effects on nontarget fish species, especially because rotenone and its metabolite rotenolone are frequently reported in the microgram range in natural environments for several days after field applications. Rotenone should be used with caution. Given the high toxicity and wide range of sublethal effects here reported, further studies in a chronic exposure scenario are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Motta Melo
- Laboratório de Citogenética, Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Campus do Guamá, Av. Perimetral, Guamá, Belém, Pará, 66075-900, Brazil,
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Granados-Galván IA, Rodríguez-Meza DG, Luna-González A, González-Ocampo HA. Human health risk assessment of pesticide residues in snappers (Lutjanus) fish from the Navachiste Lagoon complex, Mexico. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2015; 97:178-187. [PMID: 26095985 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Revised: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) residues were determined in fillets of Lutjanus colorado, L. argentiventris, and L. novemfasciatus. Fillet samples were collected bimonthly from February 2012 to February 2013. OCPs average concentrations do not differ significantly according to size, weight, or season, nor do they relate with the physico-chemical parameters of the sea water. The highest concentration and most frequently encountered OCPs were endosulfan sulfate, δ-HCH, and heptachlor epoxide, which indicates their use in the recent past and confirms their persistence. Average concentrations of ∑HCHs, ∑chlordane, and ∑heptachlor in samples were above cancer MRLs according to data from monthly consumed portions. HCHs and heptachlor are listed in Appendix III of the Rotterdam Convention of chemicals placed on a prior informed consent procedure for import and export purposes; they are considered illegal in Mexico. The OCPs concentrations above cancer MRLs in Lutjanus spp. turn its frequent consumption into a human health risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Alejandra Granados-Galván
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional - CIIDIR Unidad Sinaloa, Blvd. Juan de Dios Bátiz Paredes #250, C.P. 81101. Centro. Guasave, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Durga Guadalupe Rodríguez-Meza
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional - CIIDIR Unidad Sinaloa, Blvd. Juan de Dios Bátiz Paredes #250, C.P. 81101. Centro. Guasave, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Antonio Luna-González
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional - CIIDIR Unidad Sinaloa, Blvd. Juan de Dios Bátiz Paredes #250, C.P. 81101. Centro. Guasave, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Héctor Abelardo González-Ocampo
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional - CIIDIR Unidad Sinaloa, Blvd. Juan de Dios Bátiz Paredes #250, C.P. 81101. Centro. Guasave, Sinaloa, Mexico.
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Marcon L, Bazzoli N, Honor Mounteer A, Anjos Benjamin LD. Histological and Histometric Evaluation of the Liver inAstyanax Bimaculatus(Teleostei: Characidae), Exposed to Different Concentrations of an Organochlorine Insecticide. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2015; 298:1754-64. [DOI: 10.1002/ar.23196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Revised: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Marcon
- Programa De Pós-Graduação Em Zoologia De Vertebrados Da PUC Minas. Av. Dom José Gaspar; 500, Coração Eucarístico Belo Horizonte Minas Gerais Brasil
| | - Nilo Bazzoli
- Programa De Pós-Graduação Em Zoologia De Vertebrados Da PUC Minas. Av. Dom José Gaspar; 500, Coração Eucarístico Belo Horizonte Minas Gerais Brasil
| | - Ann Honor Mounteer
- Departamento De Engenharia Civil; Universidade Federal De Viçosa. Av. Peter Henry Rolfs S/N, Campus Universitário; Viçosa Minas Gerais Brasil
| | - Laércio Dos Anjos Benjamin
- Departamento De Medicina Veterinária; Universidade Federal De Viçosa. Av. Peter Henry Rolfs S/N, Campus Universitário; Viçosa Minas Gerais Brasil
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Piazza Y, Pandolfi M, Da Cuña R, Genovese G, Lo Nostro F. Endosulfan affects GnRH cells in sexually differentiated juveniles of the perciform Cichlasoma dimerus. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2015; 116:150-159. [PMID: 25800987 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2015.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Revised: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Endosulfan (ES) is an organochlorine pesticide widely used in agriculture despite its high toxicity towards non-target organisms such as fish. It has been demonstrated that ES can cause negative effects on aquatic animals, including disruption of hormonal systems. However, the alterations produced by this pesticide on the reproductive axis of fish prior to sexual maturity, as well as possible modes of action have hardly been studied. This study aimed at assessing the effect of waterborne exposure to the pesticide ES on the reproductive axis during sexual differentiation of juveniles of the South American freshwater cichlid fish Cichlasoma dimerus. No mortality was observed due to ES subchronic exposure (90 days post-fertilization). Exposure to ES did not affect body weight nor morphometric parameters, indicating that larvae nutritional state was not affected. Timing of sexual differentiation, gonadal morphology and sex ratio were likewise not altered by ES. However, ES acted as an endocrine disrupting chemical in this species as the morphometry of gonadotropin-releasing hormones (GnRH) producing cells was altered. Exposure to ES altered nuclear area, cell area and nucleus/cytoplasm ratio of GnRH II neurons, and cell and nuclear area and diameter of GnRH III neurons. Interestingly, in our previous study, exposure before sex differentiation (30 day exposure) caused no alteration to GnRH II and III, and did alter GnRH I and FSH cells. These alterations could lead to changes in circulating hormone levels, especially when fish are exposed for prolonged periods, ultimately impairing reproductive fitness. C. dimerus juveniles can be an interesting biological model to perform toxicological studies with the intent to assess early disruption endpoints in the reproductive axis during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanina Piazza
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología Acuática, Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón II, 4° piso C1428EHA, Argentina
| | - Matías Pandolfi
- IBBEA, CONICET-UBA, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón II, 4º piso C1428EHA, Argentina; Laboratorio de Neuroendocrinología y Comportamiento, Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón II, 4° piso C1428EHA, Argentina
| | - Rodrigo Da Cuña
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología Acuática, Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón II, 4° piso C1428EHA, Argentina; IBBEA, CONICET-UBA, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón II, 4º piso C1428EHA, Argentina
| | - Griselda Genovese
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología Acuática, Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón II, 4° piso C1428EHA, Argentina; IBBEA, CONICET-UBA, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón II, 4º piso C1428EHA, Argentina
| | - Fabiana Lo Nostro
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología Acuática, Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón II, 4° piso C1428EHA, Argentina; IBBEA, CONICET-UBA, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón II, 4º piso C1428EHA, Argentina.
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Topal A, Atamanalp M, Oruç E, Halıcı MB, Şişecioğlu M, Erol HS, Gergit A, Yılmaz B. Neurotoxic effects of nickel chloride in the rainbow trout brain: Assessment of c-Fos activity, antioxidant responses, acetylcholinesterase activity, and histopathological changes. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2015; 41:625-634. [PMID: 25666867 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-015-0033-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the biochemical, immunohistochemical, and histopathological effects of nickel chloride (Ni) in the rainbow trout brain. Fish were exposed to Ni concentrations (1 mg/L and 2 mg/L) for 21 days. At the end of the experimental period, brain tissues were taken from all fish for c-Fos activity and histopathological examination and determination of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) enzyme activities, lipid peroxidation (LPO), and glutathione (GSH) levels. Our results showed that Ni treatment caused a significant increase in the brain SOD activity and in LPO and GSH levels (p < 0.05), but it significantly decreased AChE and CAT enzyme activities (p < 0.05). Strong induction in c-Fos was observed in some cerebral and cerebellar regions of fish exposed to Ni concentrations when compared with the control group. However, c-Fos activity was decreased in necrotic Purkinje cells. Brain tissues were characterized by demyelination and necrotic changes. These results suggested that Ni treatment causes oxidative stress, changes in c-Fos activity, and histopathological damage in the fish brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Topal
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Fisheries, Ataturk University, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey,
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Topal A, Şişecioğlu M, Atamanalp M, Işık A, Yılmaz B. Thein vitroandin vivoeffects of chlorpyrifos on acetylcholinesterase activity of rainbow trout brain. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2015.1031776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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