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Kasprzak R, Zakęś Z, Kamaszewski M, Szudrowicz H, Wiechetek W, Janusz JR, Ostaszewska T, Korzelecka-Orkisz A, Formicki K. Histomorphometric evaluation of melanomacrophage centers (MMCs) and CD3 + T cells of two morphs of brown trout (Salmo trutta) fed diets with immunostimulants. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 141:109020. [PMID: 37611835 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.109020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
The brown trout (Salmo trutta) is a salmonid residing in riverine and coastal waters throughout the Northern Hemisphere, whose various populations evolved into distinct ecological morphs, differing in their migratory tendencies and preferred habitats. Unfortunately, due to progressing degradation of natural environment, the conservation of these populations is of growing importance and is undoubtedly a challenging task. Therefore, various means to refine the preparatory protocols for restocking using hatchery-reared fish are being pursued, some of which involve the administration of immunity-boosting substances. The current study assessed the effects of two dietary immunostimulants: Bioimmuno (4% inosine pranobex and 96% β-glucan) and Focus Plus (commercial preparation by Biomar, Denmark) on two morphs of the brown trout - the river trout (S. trutta morpha fario) and the sea trout (S. trutta morpha trutta). Tissue samples were obtained from ∼75 to 100g fish after 0, 2 and 4 weeks of experimental feeding. Multi-factorial analysis of conducted histological measurements of melanomacrophage centers (MMCs) revealed no changes of their parameters within spleens, but showed a decrease of the occupied tissue area and MMC counts in the livers, progressing with time regardless of the applied diet. Immunohistochemical analysis of CD3+ T cells showed their increased recruitment into mucosal folds of pyloric caeca in the 2-week sampling of trouts fed with the diet with 2% Bioimmuno addition, but this effect was not present in the 4-week sampling. When studying all groups jointly within each morph, there was a significant difference in terms of maintained CD3+ T cells levels, as sea trouts showed significantly higher tissue areas occupied by these cells than river trouts, both in the pyloric caeca and hepatic parenchyma. The study revealed that feeding with a diet enriched with Bioimmuno for 2 weeks may be a favorable enhancement of rearing protocols of brown trout stocks prior to their release, but more studies need to be conducted to test the possibility of an even shorter feeding period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Kasprzak
- Department of Ichthyology and Biotechnology in Aquaculture, Institute of Animal Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Ciszewskiego 8, 02-786, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Zdzisław Zakęś
- Department of Aquaculture, The Stanisław Sakowicz Inland Fisheries Institute, Oczapowskiego 10, 10-719, Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Maciej Kamaszewski
- Department of Ichthyology and Biotechnology in Aquaculture, Institute of Animal Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Ciszewskiego 8, 02-786, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Hubert Szudrowicz
- Department of Ichthyology and Biotechnology in Aquaculture, Institute of Animal Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Ciszewskiego 8, 02-786, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Wiktoria Wiechetek
- Department of Ichthyology and Biotechnology in Aquaculture, Institute of Animal Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Ciszewskiego 8, 02-786, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Julia Renata Janusz
- Department of Ichthyology and Biotechnology in Aquaculture, Institute of Animal Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Ciszewskiego 8, 02-786, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Teresa Ostaszewska
- Department of Ichthyology and Biotechnology in Aquaculture, Institute of Animal Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Ciszewskiego 8, 02-786, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Agata Korzelecka-Orkisz
- Department of Hydrobiology, Ichthyology and Reproduction Biotechnology, Faculty of Food Science and Fisheries, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Kazimierza Królewicza 4, 71-550, Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Krzysztof Formicki
- Department of Hydrobiology, Ichthyology and Reproduction Biotechnology, Faculty of Food Science and Fisheries, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Kazimierza Królewicza 4, 71-550, Szczecin, Poland.
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Younas W, Khan FU, Zaman M, Lin D, Zuberi A, Wang Y. Toxicity of synthesized silver nanoparticles in a widespread fish: A comparison between green and chemical. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 845:157366. [PMID: 35843321 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Metallic nanoparticles are gaining importance in various fields of life due to their large surface area to volume ratio. However, metallic nanoparticles pose different toxic effects on fish when they appear with different shapes and compositions in water. Herein the present study was designed to evaluate the median (LC50) and sub-lethal (1/10th of LC50) concentrations of Ag-Green NPs, 700 μg/L for Ag-Chem NPs, and 50 μg/L for Ag2O-Chem NPs were confirmed in Hypophthalmichthys molitrix. Furthermore, exposure of H. molitrix fingerlings to 10 % of LC50 concentration of these particles induced significantly higher (p < 0.05) activities of serum alanine transaminase, aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, white blood cells, acetylcholinesterase and catalase, superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, relative gene expressions of antioxidant enzymes, heat shock protein (Hsp70), hypoxia- inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α) and lipid peroxidase level than the control, but decreased hematological parameters with less effects of Ag-Green NPs than chemically synthesized AgNPs. Moreover, the histopathological study also indicated morphological changes in the liver and gills of treated fish groups. The comparative toxicity evaluation revealed the maximum negative effect of Ag2O-Chem NPs followed by Ag-Chem NPs while Ag-Green NPs showed the least toxic effects. Based on our results, replacement of chemically synthesized NPs to green synthesized AgNPs can be recommended in large scale application to reduce the noxious effects to aquatic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waqar Younas
- Fisheries and Aquaculture Lab, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Fahim Ullah Khan
- Fisheries and Aquaculture Lab, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Muhib Zaman
- Fisheries and Aquaculture Lab, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Daohui Lin
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Amina Zuberi
- Fisheries and Aquaculture Lab, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan.
| | - Youji Wang
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.
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Constenla M, Soler-Membrives A, Besada V, Carrassón M. Impact assessment of a large river on the sediments and fish from its continental shelf: using Solea solea as sentinel in the Ebro river mouth (NW Mediterranean, Spain). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:15713-15728. [PMID: 34636002 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16408-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Many studies have been carried out along mighty rivers with heavily industrialized watersheds to evaluate pollutants and their effects on freshwater organisms. However, their impact on marine organisms is virtually unknown. In order to cover this gap, Solea solea, one of the most important commercial fish species, together with sediments, were sampled during 2013-2015 offshore from the Ebro Delta river mouth. Fish health indicators (condition indices, histological tissue alterations, and parasite descriptors) were used to assess the potential effect of pollutants, an issue of particular interest in the area following the dredging activities taking place in the river upstream in 2013. No major histopathological alterations were detected, but perivascular inflammatory foci (PIF) were frequently observed, especially in 2014. The most prevalent and abundant parasites were acanthocephalans and digeneans within the digestive tract and copepods on the gills. Levels of trace metals from sediments and fish muscle were below the effects range median and reference levels accepted for human consumption, respectively. However, the lower levels of the hepatosomatic index, higher numbers of PIF, and variations in the abundance of parasites in 2014 and 2015 could suggest a pollutant exposure during these years. These results warn signs of toxicity, which could be associated with sediment leaks during the dredging activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Constenla
- Departament de Biologia Animal, de Biologia Vegetal i d'Ecologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Anna Soler-Membrives
- Departament de Biologia Animal, de Biologia Vegetal i d'Ecologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Victoria Besada
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía, IEO, Centro Oceanográfico de Vigo, Subida a Radio Faro, 50, 36390, Vigo, Spain
| | - Maite Carrassón
- Departament de Biologia Animal, de Biologia Vegetal i d'Ecologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
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Marcusso PF, da Silva Claudiano G, Yunis-Aguinaga J, de Almeida Marinho-Neto F, Eto SF, Fernandes DC, Rosolem MC, Salvador R, Engracia de Moraes JR, Ruas de Moraes F. Immunogenicity in Oreochromis niloticus vaccinated with sonicated antigens against streptococcosis. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 115:134-141. [PMID: 34098067 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Streptococcosis causes great economic losses in intensive culture of tilapia. Vaccination is the most effective and safest way to tackle infectious diseases. Thus, this study sought the more effective and safer antigenic fraction after sonication of Streptococcus agalactiae to elaborate a vaccine against streptococcosis in Nile tilapia. For this, twenty-one days after vaccination with different fractions (soluble and insoluble) of S. agalactiae, the fish were challenged with the homologous strain (LD50). Then, samples were taken at zero, 14, 28, 60 and 90 days post-vaccination (DPV, n = 7). Blood and organs (cranial kidney, spleen and liver) were collected from vaccinated and unvaccinated fish. Finally, insoluble fraction vaccine presented the best effect, resulting in a 100% relative percent of survival (RPS) and without clinical manifestations. In view of the results, it was to evaluate the role of the insoluble fraction of the antigen in the protective immunity against streptococcosis. The results indicate that the spleen might be the main organ in the vaccine response in Nile tilapia due to the great morphological and immunological differences in vaccinated fish, evidenced by the greater of melanomacrophage centers (MMC) and IgM + lymphocytes in relation to the non-vaccinated fish. At 60 DPV, it was observed the peak of the protective immunity related to the maximum concentration of proteins, circulating leukocytes, antibody titers in the serum and tissue changes with greater expression of IgM + and MMC number in the spleen and kidney of Oreochromis niloticus. Vaccination with insoluble fraction of S. agalactiae was safe and provided effective protection against streptococcosis with maximum protective response at 60 DPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Fernandes Marcusso
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Federal University of the Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys, Israel; Department of Pathology, Theriogenology and One Health, Faculty of Agrarian and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Unesp, Brazil.
| | - Gustavo da Silva Claudiano
- Department of Pathology, Theriogenology and One Health, Faculty of Agrarian and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Unesp, Brazil; Institute of Biodiversity and Forests, Federal University of Western Pará, UFOPA, Pará, Brazil; Postgraduated Program in Aquaculture/Aquaculture Center São Paulo State University (UNESP) Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Jefferson Yunis-Aguinaga
- Scientific University of the South, Lima, Peru; Sea Institute of Peru, Callao, Peru; Postgraduated Program in Aquaculture/Aquaculture Center São Paulo State University (UNESP) Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Fausto de Almeida Marinho-Neto
- Department of Pathology, Theriogenology and One Health, Faculty of Agrarian and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Unesp, Brazil.
| | - Silas Fernandes Eto
- Department of Pathology, Theriogenology and One Health, Faculty of Agrarian and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Unesp, Brazil; Department of Postgraduate in Health Sciences-PROCISA, Federal University of Roraima (UFRR), Boa Vista, Brazil.
| | - Dayanne Carla Fernandes
- Department of Pathology, Theriogenology and One Health, Faculty of Agrarian and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Unesp, Brazil; Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Mayara Caroline Rosolem
- Department of Pathology, Theriogenology and One Health, Faculty of Agrarian and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Unesp, Brazil; Veterinary Pathologist Autonomous,.Brazil.
| | | | - Julieta Rodini Engracia de Moraes
- Department of Pathology, Theriogenology and One Health, Faculty of Agrarian and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Unesp, Brazil; Postgraduated Program in Aquaculture/Aquaculture Center São Paulo State University (UNESP) Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Flávio Ruas de Moraes
- Department of Pathology, Theriogenology and One Health, Faculty of Agrarian and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Unesp, Brazil.
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Matsche MA, Blazer VS, Pulster EL, Mazik PM. Biological and anthropogenic influences on macrophage aggregates in white perch Morone americana from Chesapeake Bay, USA. DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS 2021; 143:79-100. [PMID: 33570042 DOI: 10.3354/dao03555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The response of macrophage aggregates in fish to a variety of environmental stressors has been useful as a biomarker of exposure to habitat degradation. Total volume of macrophage aggregates (MAV) was estimated in the liver and spleen of white perch Morone americana from Chesapeake Bay using stereological approaches. Hepatic and splenic MAV were compared between fish populations from the rural Choptank River (n = 122) and the highly urbanized Severn River (n = 131). Hepatic and splenic MAV increased with fish age, were greater in females from the Severn River only, and were significantly greater in fish from the more polluted Severn River (higher concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, organochlorine pesticides, and brominated diphenyl ethers). Water temperature and dissolved oxygen had a significant effect on organ volumes, but not on MAV. Age and river were most influential on hepatic and splenic MAV, suggesting that increased MAV in Severn River fish resulted from chronic exposures to higher concentrations of environmental contaminants and other stressors. Hemosiderin was abundant in 97% of spleens and was inversely related to fish condition and positively related to fish age and trematode infections. Minor amounts of hemosiderin were detected in 30% of livers and positively related to concentrations of benzo[a]pyrene metabolite equivalents in the bile. This study demonstrated that hepatic and splenic MAV were useful indicators in fish from the 2 tributaries with different land use characteristics and concentrations of environmental contaminants. More data are needed from additional tributaries with a wider gradient of environmental impacts to validate our results in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Matsche
- Maryland Department of Natural Resources, Cooperative Oxford Laboratory, 904 South Morris Street, Oxford, Maryland 21654, USA
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Karbalaei S, Hanachi P, Rafiee G, Seifori P, Walker TR. Toxicity of polystyrene microplastics on juvenile Oncorhynchus mykiss (rainbow trout) after individual and combined exposure with chlorpyrifos. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 403:123980. [PMID: 33265019 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Microplastic (MP) sorption and transfer of chemical contaminants has been widely reported, yet few studies have investigated combined effects of contaminant-loaded MPs on organisms. This study examined effects of pristine or chlorpyrifos (CPF)-loaded polystyrene (PS) fragments on histopathological and histomorphometrical biomarkers in rainbow trout (Onchorhynchus mykiss). In laboratory, O. mykiss were exposed for 96 h to pristine PS-MPs concentrations (30 or 300 µg/L), concentrations of CPF alone (2 or 6 µg/L), and the same concentrations of CPF in the presence of PS-MPs in aquaria. Results showed the highest histopathological alterations in both CPF concentrations and when combined with PS-MPs in fish gills. Alternatively, high histopathological lesions including massive necrosis, infiltration of inflammatory cells, and shed of villi tips were observed in fish gut in high CPF concentrations combined with high PS-MP concentrations of (6 μg/L CPF+300 μg/L PS-MPs). Individual CPF and PS-MP concentrations or combined together showed significant changes in histomorphometrical biomarkers in fish gills, gut and skin. Findings highlight that pristine PS-MPs cause toxicity and increase adverse effects of CPF in O. mykiss, especially in gill tissue. We present evidence that pristine short-term exposure to even low concentrations of PS-MPs has a significant impact on biomarker responses in O. mykiss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samaneh Karbalaei
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Science, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parichehr Hanachi
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Science, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Gholamreza Rafiee
- Department of Fisheries Sciences, Natural Resources Faculty, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Parvaneh Seifori
- National Reference Laboratory, Veterinary Organization Tehran, Iran
| | - Tony R Walker
- School for Resource and Environmental Studies, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
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El Euony OI, Elblehi SS, Abdel-Latif HM, Abdel-Daim MM, El-Sayed YS. Modulatory role of dietary Thymus vulgaris essential oil and Bacillus subtilis against thiamethoxam-induced hepatorenal damage, oxidative stress, and immunotoxicity in African catfish (Clarias garipenus). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:23108-23128. [PMID: 32333347 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08588-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Thiamethoxam (TMX) is a widely used neonicotinoid insecticide for its effective potential for controlling insects from the agricultural field, which might induce toxicity to the aquatic biota. In this study, the role of the probiotic Bacillus subtilis (BS) and a phytogenic oil extract of Thymus vulgaris essential oil (TVEO) in the modulation of thiamethoxam (TMX)-induced hepatorenal damage, oxidative stress, and immunotoxicity in African catfish (Clarias garipenus) has been evaluated. Fish were subjected to TMX (5 mg L-1) and fed with a diet either supplemented with BS (1000 ppm) or TVEO (500 ppm). The experiment lasted for 1 month. By the end of the experiment, blood was sampled for biochemical analysis and fish organs and tissues were collected for histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations. Results showed a substantial increase of serum markers of hepatorenal damage such as the activities of aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine with an obvious decrease of serum protein levels in the TMX-intoxicated group. Also, there was a considerable increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activity. TMX remarkably suppressed serum lysozyme activity, respiratory burst activity, and phagocytosis with a conspicuous elevation of the levels of interleukins (interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and interleukin-6 IL-6). The histopathological findings showed that TMX induced degenerative changes and necrosis in the gills, liver, head kidneys, and spleen of the intoxicated fish. Significant alterations of frequency, size, and area percentage of melanomacrophage centers (MMCs), decreased splenocyte proliferation, and increased number of caspase-3 immunopositive cells were also observed. Contrariwise, the concurrent supplementation of either BS or TVEO in the diets of catfish partially mitigated both the histopathological and histomorphometric lesions of the examined tissues. Correspondingly, they improved the counts of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and caspase-3 immunopositive splenocytes. In conclusion, the co-administration of either BS or TVEO in catfish diets partially diminished the toxic impacts of TMX. Nonetheless, the inclusion of TVEO in the diets of catfish elicited better protection than BS against TMX-induced toxicity in response to its potential anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-apoptotic, and immune-stimulant effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omnia I El Euony
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Edfina, Beheira, 22758, Egypt
| | - Samar S Elblehi
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Edfina, Beheira, 22758, Egypt
| | - Hany M Abdel-Latif
- Department of Poultry and Fish Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Edfina, Beheira, 22758, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M Abdel-Daim
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt
| | - Yasser S El-Sayed
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, 22511, Egypt.
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Kumar N, Chandan NK, Wakchaure GC, Singh NP. Synergistic effect of zinc nanoparticles and temperature on acute toxicity with response to biochemical markers and histopathological attributes in fish. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2020; 229:108678. [PMID: 31783177 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2019.108678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, an experiment was carried out to delineate the lethal concentration of (LC50) zinc nanoparticles (Zn-NPs) alone and with concurrent to high temperature (34 °C) in Pangasianodon hypophthalmus. The lethal concentration of Zn-NPs alone and with high temperature was estimated as 21.89 and 19.74 mg/L respectivey in P. hypophthalmus. The lethal concentration was decided with the help of definite concentration via 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28 and 30 mg/L. The Zn-NPs were significantly alter the biochemical and histopathology of different fish tissues. The stress biomarkers such as oxidative stress (catalase superoxide dismutase and glutathione-s-transferase, lipid peroxidation) was studied in the liver, gill and kidney tissue, which was noticeable (p < 0.01) enhanced with higher concentration in both condition (Zn-NPs alone and Zn-NPs-T) in dose dependent manners. The carbohydrate (lactate dehydrogenase and malate dehydrogenase) and protein metabolic enzymes (alanine amino transferase and aspartate amino transferase) were also remarkable enhanced (p < 0.01) with higher concentration of Zn-NPs and Zn-NPs-T. The neurotransmitter (acetylcholine esterase) activities were significant inhibited (p < 0.01) with exposure to Zn-NPs and Zn-NPs-T and digestive enzymes such as protease and amylase were non-significant (p > 0.01) with the exposure of Zn-NPs and Zn-NPs-T, further, lipase were significantly reduced (p < 0.01) with exposure to Zn-NPs and temperature exposure group. The histopathological alteration were also observed in the liver and gill tissue. The present investigation suggested that, essential trace elements at higher concentration in acute exposure led to pronounced deleterious alteration on histopathology and cellular and metabolic activities in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeraj Kumar
- ICAR-National Institute of Abiotic Stress Management, Baramati, Pune 413115, India.
| | - Nitish Kumar Chandan
- ICAR-Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Bhubaneswar 751002, Odisha, India
| | - G C Wakchaure
- ICAR-National Institute of Abiotic Stress Management, Baramati, Pune 413115, India
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Matsche MA, Blazer VS, Mazik PM. Comparisons of Stereological and Other Approaches for Quantifying Macrophage Aggregates in Piscine Spleens. JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH 2019; 31:328-348. [PMID: 31634422 DOI: 10.1002/aah.10086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Macrophage aggregates (MAs) are focal accumulations of pigmented macrophages in the spleen and other tissues of fish. A central role of MAs is the clearance and destruction of degenerating cells and recycling of some cellular components. Macrophage aggregates also respond to chemical contaminants and infectious agents and may play a role in the adaptive immune response. Tissue damage or physiological stress can result in increased MA accumulation. As a result, MAs may be sensitive biomarkers of environmental stress in fish. Abundance of MAs in tissues has been reported in a variety of ways-most commonly as density, mean size, and relative area-but the utility of these estimates has not been compared. In this study, four different types of splenic MA abundance estimates (abundance score, density, relative area, and total volume) were compared in two fish populations (Striped Bass Morone saxatilis and White Perch M. americana) with a wide range in ages. Stereological estimates of total volume indicated an increase in MA abundance with spleen volume, which generally corresponded to fish age, and with splenic infections (mycobacteria or trematode parasites). Abundance scores were generally limited in the ability to detect changes in MA abundance by these factors, whereas density estimates were greatly influenced by changes in spleen volume. In some instances, densities declined while the total volume of MAs and spleen volume increased. Experimentally induced acute stress resulted in a decrease in spleen volume and an increase in MA density, although the total volume of MAs remained unchanged. Relative area estimates accounted for the size and number of MAs but not for changes in organ volume. Total volume is an absolute measure of MA abundance irrespective of changes in organ volume or patterns of accumulation and may provide an improved means of quantifying MAs in the spleens of fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Matsche
- Maryland Department of Natural Resources, Cooperative Oxford Laboratory, 904 South Morris Street, Oxford, Maryland, 21654, USA
| | - Vicki S Blazer
- U.S. Geological Survey, National Fish Health Research Laboratory, 11649 Leetown Road, Kearneysville, West Virginia, 25430, USA
| | - Patricia M Mazik
- U.S. Geological Survey, West Virginia Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, West Virginia University, 322 Percival Hall, Morgantown, West Virginia, 26506, USA
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Manrique WG, Pereira Figueiredo MA, Charlie-Silva I, Antonio de Andrade Belo M, Dib CC. Spleen melanomacrophage centers response of Nile tilapia during Aeromanas hydrophila and Mycobacterium marinum infections. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 95:514-518. [PMID: 31682998 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.10.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In order to understand the pathophysiology of melanomcrophage centers (MMCs) formation during the tilapia defense response to bacterial infections, the present study evaluated the response, in terms of area, number and pigment constitution, of splenic MMCs of Oreochromis niloticus subjected to intraperitoneal (i.p.) infection with Aeromonas hydrophila and Mycobacterium marinum. Eighty-four fish (396.9 ± 21.0 g) were randomly distributed into twelve plastic tanks (300 L), to constitute three treatments with 28 animals each: control group (inoculated with PBS); Infected with A. hydrophila (1 × 107 UFC mL-1); Infected with M. marinum (1 × 106 UFC mL-1). The spleen was collected in seven fish per treatment on the 3rd, 7th, 14th and 21st day post-infection (DPI). The results revealed the participation of MMCs in the defense response of tilapia during bacterial infection by A. hydrophila and M. marinum, since there was an increase in the number and size of these cell aggregates. Variation of pigment accumulation with significant increase of hemosiderin, in infected tilapias by A. hydrophila, bacteria responsible for causing hemolytic anemia in fish was also found. On the other hand, M. marinum-infected tilapia had high amount of melanin in MMCs. In general, mycobacterial infections are notoriously difficult to treat, being characterized as a chronic disease. These findings demonstrate different strategies of fish response during the evolution of these bacterial diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilson Gómez Manrique
- São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal Campus, São Paulo, Brazil; Federal University of Rondônia, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Rolim de Moura Campus, Rondônia, Brazil.
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11
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Briaudeau T, Zorita I, Cuevas N, Franco J, Marigómez I, Izagirre U. Multi-annual survey of health status disturbance in the Bilbao estuary (Bay of Biscay) based on sediment chemistry and juvenile sole (Solea spp.) histopathology. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2019; 145:126-137. [PMID: 31590768 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The Bilbao estuary (SE Bay of Biscay) is a recovering ecosystem whose sediments are still contaminated. They represent a potential risk for the biota including benthic and demersal species living in direct contact with the sediment. In this context, the present study aims to survey trends of the health status of the Bilbao estuary based on sediment chemistry and sole (Solea spp.) histopathology. Monitoring campaigns were carried out every autumn from 2011 to 2017 along the estuary. Contaminant levels were measured in sediments; liver, gills and gonads of juvenile fish were collected for histopathology. Overall, contaminant levels fluctuated throughout the years, with highest values recorded in the earlier years of the study period. Sole histopathology showed alterations of mild severity. Results permitted to assess the environmental health status of the Bilbao estuary during 7 years, although no clear temporal trend was detected. Longer-term monitoring programmes are necessary to confirm the ecosystem recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Briaudeau
- CBET Research Group, Dept. Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology and Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology PIE, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Basque Country, Spain
| | - I Zorita
- AZTI, Herrera Kaia, Portualdea z/g, 20110 Pasaia, Spain
| | - N Cuevas
- AZTI, Herrera Kaia, Portualdea z/g, 20110 Pasaia, Spain
| | - J Franco
- AZTI, Herrera Kaia, Portualdea z/g, 20110 Pasaia, Spain
| | - I Marigómez
- CBET Research Group, Dept. Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology and Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology PIE, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Basque Country, Spain.
| | - U Izagirre
- CBET Research Group, Dept. Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology and Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology PIE, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Basque Country, Spain
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Zaborska A, Siedlewicz G, Szymczycha B, Dzierzbicka-Głowacka L, Pazdro K. Legacy and emerging pollutants in the Gulf of Gdańsk (southern Baltic Sea) - loads and distribution revisited. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2019; 139:238-255. [PMID: 30686425 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.11.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Coastal marine areas of densely populated countries are exposed to a wide array of human activities having an impact on their ecological status. The Baltic Sea is particularly susceptible to pollution by hazardous substances (limited water exchange, shallowness, and large catchment area). Polish media regularly reports ecological catastrophes in the Gulf of Gdańsk area caused by eg. shipwrecks leaking. Thus, there is a need of a broad scientific based report on recent contaminant loads and distribution. In this review paper, we report loads of contaminants from different obvious and non-obvious sources. We also gather data on legacy and new emerging contaminant concentrations measured in the Gulf of Gdańsk within the last decade (2008-2018). The paper also includes available biological effect measurements performed recently as well as a summary of needs and gaps to be filled for the development of reliable risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Zaborska
- Institute of Oceanology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Powstańców Warszawy street 55, 81-712 Sopot, Poland.
| | - Grzegorz Siedlewicz
- Institute of Oceanology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Powstańców Warszawy street 55, 81-712 Sopot, Poland
| | - Beata Szymczycha
- Institute of Oceanology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Powstańców Warszawy street 55, 81-712 Sopot, Poland
| | - Lidia Dzierzbicka-Głowacka
- Institute of Oceanology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Powstańców Warszawy street 55, 81-712 Sopot, Poland
| | - Ksenia Pazdro
- Institute of Oceanology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Powstańców Warszawy street 55, 81-712 Sopot, Poland
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13
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Cai WC, Liu WB, Jiang GZ, Wang KZ, Sun CX, Li XF. Lysine supplement benefits the growth performance, protein synthesis, and muscle development of Megalobrama amblycephala fed diets with fish meal replaced by rice protein concentrate. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2018; 44:1159-1174. [PMID: 29730709 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-018-0503-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of lysine supplement on the growth performance of blunt snout bream Megalobrama amblycephala fed diets with fish meal (FM) replaced by rice protein concentrate (RPC) with the potential mechanisms characterized. Fish were fed three diets, including the FM diet (containing FM), the RPC diet (FM replaced by RPC), and the MRPC diet (the RPC diet supplemented with lysine) for 8 weeks. Weight gain, protein efficiency ratio, and nitrogen and energy utilization of fish fed the FM diet were all significantly higher than those of the RPC treatment, but they showed no statistical difference with those of the MRPC group. Fish fed the RPC diet showed shorter villi length of the distal intestine than that of the other treatments. No significance was found in whole-body composition and intestinal and hepatic cell proliferation among all the treatments. However, fish fed the RPC diet obtained relatively low transcriptions of growth hormone (GH), GH receptor, insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), target of rapamycin (TOR), ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1, myoblast determination protein, myogenic factor 5, and myostatin a (MSTNa) but high levels of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein 2 (4E-BP2) than those of the other groups. Furthermore, little difference was found in the transcriptions of 4E-BP2, myogenin, muscle-specific regulatory 4, and MSTNb in muscle. Overall, these results showed that dietary supplement of lysine benefits the growth performance of blunt snout bream fed FM-free diets through the mediation of the GH-IGF-I axis, TOR signaling pathway, myogenic regulatory factors, and MSTN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Cun Cai
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 Weigang Road, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Bin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 Weigang Road, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Guang-Zhen Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 Weigang Road, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai-Zhou Wang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 Weigang Road, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Cun-Xin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 Weigang Road, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang-Fei Li
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 Weigang Road, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China.
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14
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Borges AC, Da Silva Montes C, Barbosa LA, Ferreira MAP, Berrêdo JF, Martins Rocha R. Integrated use of histological and ultrastructural biomarkers for assessing mercury pollution in piranhas (Serrasalmus rhombeus) from the Amazon mining region. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 202:788-796. [PMID: 29614470 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.02.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carolina Borges
- Cellular Ultrastructure Laboratories - Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Pará - Rua Augusto Corrêa, 01 - Guamá. CEP 66075-110, Belém, Pará, Brazil.
| | - Caroline Da Silva Montes
- Cellular Ultrastructure Laboratories - Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Pará - Rua Augusto Corrêa, 01 - Guamá. CEP 66075-110, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Liziane Amaral Barbosa
- Cellular Ultrastructure Laboratories - Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Pará - Rua Augusto Corrêa, 01 - Guamá. CEP 66075-110, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Maria Auxiliadora Pantoja Ferreira
- Laboratory of Immunohistochemistry and Developmental Biology, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Pará - Rua Augusto Corrêa, 01 - Guamá. CEP 66075-110, Belém, Pará, Brazil.
| | - José Francisco Berrêdo
- Coordination of Earth Sciences and Ecology (CCTE), Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi - Av. Perimetral, 1901, Terra Firme. CEP 66077-530, Belém, Pará, Brazil.
| | - Rossineide Martins Rocha
- Cellular Ultrastructure Laboratories - Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Pará - Rua Augusto Corrêa, 01 - Guamá. CEP 66075-110, Belém, Pará, Brazil.
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15
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Noureen A, Jabeen F, Tabish TA, Yaqub S, Ali M, Chaudhry AS. Assessment of copper nanoparticles (Cu-NPs) and copper (II) oxide (CuO) induced hemato- and hepatotoxicity in Cyprinus carpio. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 29:144003. [PMID: 29369820 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aaaaa7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Recently, Cu-based nanoparticles have drawn considerable attention for their various fascinating roles in multiple biological systems. It is recognized that their frequent use can create compatibility challenges for the recipient systems. Nevertheless, it is unclear how various biological interactions affect the compatibility of Cu oxide II (CuO) and Cu oxide nanoparticles (Cu-NPs) for different organisms. Consequently, it has been difficult to perform structured risk assessments for their use in biological systems. Therefore, this study compared the effects of different doses of waterborne Cu-NPs and CuO on the blood and liver of selected groups of Cyprinus (C) carpio. These fish while housed in suitable water tanks were exposed to one of the following treatments for 14 d: control (no added Cu) or 0.5 or 1 or 1.5 mg Cu as Cu-NPs or CuO l-1 of water. We found significant changes in all assessed blood parameters of fish in response to increasing doses from 0 to 1.5 mg of Cu-NPs or CuO. Similarly, increased levels of lipid peroxide and reduced glutathione (GSH) were also observed in the livers of C. carpio in Cu-NPs or CuO treated groups. Enhanced levels of lipid peroxidation and GSH were also recorded in the Cu-NP treated groups compared with the CuO treated groups in a dose dependent manner. The lowest catalase activity was observed in the liver of C. carpio treated with the higer dose of Cu-NPs. Cu-NP or CuO exposure induced significant histological alterations in the liver of C. carpio including focal necrosis, cloudy swelling of hepatocytes, degenerative hepatocytes, vacuolization, pyknotic nuclei, damaged central vein, nuclear hypertrophy, dilated sinusoid, vacuolated degeneration, congestion, and complete degeneration in a dose dependent manner. Substantial alterations in blood and liver specimens were observed in the Cu-NP treated fish when compared with the CuO treated fish. It appeared that the Cu-NPs were more toxic than the CuO as shown by the hemato- and hepatotoxicity in C. carpio of this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aasma Noureen
- Department of Zoology, Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan
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16
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Manera M, Sayyaf Dezfuli B, DePasquale JA, Giari L. Pigmented macrophages and related aggregates in the spleen of european sea bass dosed with heavy metals: Ultrastructure and explorative morphometric analysis. Microsc Res Tech 2018; 81:351-364. [PMID: 29318746 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.22986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The ultrastructure and morphometrics of pigmented macrophages (PMs) were assessed in the spleen of European sea bass experimentally dosed with Cd and Hg. PMs occurred either as solitary cells or as variably structured aggregations, defined as macrophage aggregates (MAs). Light microscopy revealed a high degree of morphological heterogeneity amongst MAs of all experimental groups. At the ultrastructural level, MAs showed a heterogeneous pigment content that was not influenced by the treatment. Cytoplasm rarefaction/vacuolation and euchromatic nuclei, were observed in PMs of dosed fish. Undosed and Cd-dosed samples differ significantly with regard to the following morphometric features: the Minor axis of the best fitting ellipse, Aspect Ratio, and Roundness. In Cd-dosed fish, MAs showed reduced size and complexity. Lacunarity showed significant differences between undosed and both Cd and Hg-dosed samples. These results suggest that heavy metals, and especially Cd, may influence the dynamics of PM aggregation/disaggregation. Variability in splenic MAs was observed both by light and electron microscopy. However, only the morphometric techniques adequately and objectively described the phenomenon, allowing a quantitative/statistical comparison of morphology among experimental groups. These morphometric analyses could be usefully applied in toxicological and ecotoxicological, as well as morpho-functional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Manera
- Faculty of Biosciences, Food and Environmental Technologies, University of Teramo, Teramo, I-64100, Italy
| | - Bahram Sayyaf Dezfuli
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, I-44121, Italy
| | | | - Luisa Giari
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, I-44121, Italy
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17
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Borucinska JD, Morka D, Grabowski Z, Smith H. A follow-up study of selected biomarkers of health in cod Gadus morhua L. collected from the southern Baltic off the Polish coast. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2017; 40:1883-1894. [PMID: 28661024 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Selected biomarkers of health were examined in 50 post-spawning cod Gadus morhua collected in November 2015 from the southern Baltic. The biomarkers included condition factor (CF), macroscopic lesions, histopathology of spleen, liver and gonads, and morphometry of follicular atresia and hepatic and splenic melanomacrophage cells (MMC). All fish appeared in good body condition. One fish had a dermal ulcer, and in seven, macroscopic nematodes were noted within body cavity. Microscopic lesions in the liver included biliary myxozoanosis, microsporidial and necrocentric granulomas, parasitic hepatitis, multifocal necrosis, foci of cellular alterations, spongiosis, peliosis and cytoplasmic fibrillar inclusions. The spleen and gonads had microsporidial and/or necrocentric granulomas. Some of the biomarkers showed differences as compared to spawning cod collected in May from the same location in 2012, most importantly values an order of magnitude lower for splenic MMC in post-spawning fish. In post-spawning fish, there were statistically significant correlations between MMC, CF, follicular atresia, parasitic hepatitis and microsporidiosis. This is the first comparison of biomarkers of health in post-spawning and spawning Baltic cod. Future studies need to examine the relationships of biomarkers to levels of pollutants in the environment and in tissues of cod.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Borucinska
- Department of Biology, University of Hartford, West Hartford, CT, USA
| | - D Morka
- Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Pomeranian University, Slupsk, Poland
| | - Z Grabowski
- School of the Environment, Portland State University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - H Smith
- Department of Biology, University of Hartford, West Hartford, CT, USA
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18
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Yuan L, Lv B, Zha J, Wang Z. Benzo[a]pyrene induced p53-mediated cell cycle arrest, DNA repair, and apoptosis pathways in Chinese rare minnow (Gobiocypris rarus). ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2017; 32:979-988. [PMID: 27323304 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Revised: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The p53 pathways play an important role in carcinogenesis. In mammals, p53 and p53 target genes have been extensively studied, but little is known about their functions and regulation in fish. In this study, the cDNA fragments of p53 network genes, including p53, p21, mdm2, gadd45α, gadd45β, igfbp-3, and bax, were cloned from Chinese rare minnow (Gobiocypris rarus). These genes displayed high amino acid sequence identities with their zebrafish orthologs. The mRNA levels of p53 network genes and pathological changes in the liver were determined after adult rare minnow were exposed to 0.4, 2, and 10 µg/L of benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) for 28 days. The results showed that p53, p21, mdm2, gadd45α, and bax mRNA expressions in the livers from males and females were significantly upregulated compared with those of the controls (p < 0.05), but gadd45β and igfbp-3 expression was not significantly changed. Microphotographs revealed enlargement of the cell nuclei and cellular degeneration in males, while atrophy and vacuolization of hepatocytes were observed in females (10 µg/L). These results suggested that BaP induced liver DNA repair and apoptosis pathways and caused adverse pathological changes in rare minnow. The strongly responsive p53 network genes in the livers suggest that rare minnow is suitable as an experimental fish to screen environmental carcinogens. In addition, the p53 network genes in rare minnow could feasibly be used to identify the mechanism of environmental carcinogenesis. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 32: 979-988, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilai Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Biping Lv
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Jinmiao Zha
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Industrial Wastewater Treatment and Reuse, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Zijian Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Industrial Wastewater Treatment and Reuse, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
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Dabrowska H, Kopko O, Lehtonen KK, Lang T, Waszak I, Balode M, Strode E. An integrated assessment of pollution and biological effects in flounder, mussels and sediment in the southern Baltic Sea coastal area. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:3626-3639. [PMID: 27885579 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-8117-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Organic and metal contaminants and biological effects were investigated in flounder, mussels, and sediments in the southern Baltic Sea coastal area in order to assess environmental quality status in that area. Four sites were selected, including two within the Gulf of Gdańsk (GoG). In biota and sediment at each site, DDTs dominated over PCBs and PBDEs were the least abundant among organic contaminants. Their concentrations decreased progressively outward from GoG. Among metal contaminants, the levels of Hg, Pb, and Cd were elevated in GoG. Biomarkers in flounder, EROD activity and DNA SB, showed moderate positive correlations with organic and metal contaminants. In flounder, the integrated biomarker index (IBR/n) presented a spatial trend coherent with chemical pollution index (CPI), but there was no clear spatial correspondence between IBR/n and CPI in mussels nor between sediment toxicity index (STI) and sediment CPI. The integrated assessment of contaminant and biological effect data against available assessment criteria indicated that in biota, the contaminant assessment thresholds were most often exceeded by CB-118, heptachlor, PBDE, and Hg (in the GoG sediments by p,p'-DDT, Hg and Cd), while of the biological determinants, the threshold was breeched by AChE activity in mussels in GoG. Applying the ICES/OSPAR traffic-light approach showed that of the 50 parameters assessed at each site, there were 18% of determinants in the red color category in the two GoG sites and 8% of determinants in the two sites outside GoG, which indicated that none of the four investigated sites attained good environmental status (GES).
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Affiliation(s)
- Henryka Dabrowska
- National Marine Fisheries Research Institute (NMFRI), Gdynia, Poland.
| | - Orest Kopko
- National Marine Fisheries Research Institute (NMFRI), Gdynia, Poland
| | - Kari K Lehtonen
- Marine Research Centre, Finnish Environment Institute, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Thomas Lang
- Johann Heinrich von Thünen-Institute/Institute of Fisheries Ecology, Cuxhaven, Germany
| | - Ilona Waszak
- National Marine Fisheries Research Institute (NMFRI), Gdynia, Poland
| | - Maija Balode
- Latvian Institute of Aquatic Ecology, Riga, Latvia
| | - Evita Strode
- Latvian Institute of Aquatic Ecology, Riga, Latvia
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Melanomacrophage centers in Clarias gariepinus as an immunological biomarker for toxicity of silver nanoparticles. J Microsc Ultrastruct 2016; 5:97-104. [PMID: 30023242 PMCID: PMC6025763 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmau.2016.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Revised: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Although there are many applications of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) in human activities, there is still little known about their potential environmental toxicity, particularly to fish. In the present study, the effects of Ag-NPs on African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) were studied using melanomacrophage centers as immunohistological biomarkers. Fish were exposed to 25 mg/L, 50 mg/L and 75 mg/L 100-nm Ag-NPs. We studied the effects on the size and number of melanomacrophage centers in all target tissues. Many histopathological alterations in those tissues were observed. The histological changes were represented as dislocation of the epithelium, dilatation of central veins associated with inflammatory leukocytic infiltration, necrosis, and pyknotic nuclei of hepatocytes. There was shrinkage of Malpighian corpuscles, dislocation of nuclei of convoluted tubules, cellular degeneration, and dispersed infiltration of leukocytes in kidney tissue. Examination of spleen sections after exposure to Ag-NPs showed rupture within the red pulp and hemorrhage, dislocation of nuclei, accumulation of inflammatory leukocytes, and congestion in blood vessels. In conclusion, exposure to Ag-NPs induced alterations in tissues, suggesting a possible increase in oxidative stress in those tissues.
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Ostaszewska T, Chojnacki M, Kamaszewski M, Sawosz-Chwalibóg E. Histopathological effects of silver and copper nanoparticles on the epidermis, gills, and liver of Siberian sturgeon. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:1621-33. [PMID: 26381783 PMCID: PMC4713450 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5391-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The influence of nanoparticles (NPs) on aquatic environments is still poorly documented. The aim of the study was to determine the effects of silver (AgNPs) and copper (CuNPs) nanoparticles on larval Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii) after 21 days of exposure. Acute toxicity of AgNPs on Siberian sturgeon was investigated in a 96-h static renewal study and compared with the toxicity of CuNPs. The AgNPs and CuNPs 96 h mean lethal concentrations (96 h LC50) were 15.03 ± 2.91 and 1.41 ± 0.24 mg L(-1), respectively. Toxicity tests were done in triplicates for each concentration of AgNPs 0.1, 0.5, 1.5 mg L(-1) and CuNPs 0.01, 0.05, 0.15 mg L(-1). The control group was exposed in freshwater. The results indicate that AgNPs and CuNPs exposure negatively influenced survival; body length and mass; and morphology and physiology of the epidermis, gills, and liver of Siberian sturgeon larvae. Fish exposed to AgNPs and CuNPs showed similar pathological changes: irregular structure and pyknotic nuclei of epidermis, aplasia and/or fusion of lamellae, telangiectasis, epithelial necrosis and lifting of the gills, dilation of sinusoidal space, overfilled blood vessels, and pyknotic nuclei of the liver. Fish exposed to CuNPs only demonstrated hyaline degeneration in the gills epithelium and liver. The study shows that CuNPs were more toxic to Siberian sturgeon larvae than AgNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Ostaszewska
- Division of Ichthyobiology and Fisheries, Faculty of Animal Science, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Ciszewskiego 8, 02-786, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Maciej Chojnacki
- Division of Ichthyobiology and Fisheries, Faculty of Animal Science, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Ciszewskiego 8, 02-786, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Kamaszewski
- Division of Ichthyobiology and Fisheries, Faculty of Animal Science, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Ciszewskiego 8, 02-786, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Sawosz-Chwalibóg
- Department of Biotechnology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Faculty of Animal Science, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Ciszewskiego 8, 02-786, Warsaw, Poland
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22
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Giari L, Guerranti C, Perra G, Lanzoni M, Fano EA, Castaldelli G. Occurrence of perfluorooctanesulfonate and perfluorooctanoic acid and histopathology in eels from north Italian waters. CHEMOSPHERE 2015; 118:117-123. [PMID: 25083944 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.06.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Revised: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 06/22/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A perfluorinated alkylated substances (PFAS) biomonitoring study was conducted in European eel (Anguilla anguilla) in Italy for the first time. Perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) concentrations were assessed in the organs of 35 wild eels from two locations, the highly impacted Po River and the Comacchio Lagoon along the north-western Adriatic coast. PFAS were extracted by ion-pairing liquid extraction procedure and measured using high performance liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. There were no significant differences in mean PFAS concentrations (p>0.05) between samples from the two sites. PFOS and PFOA were detectable (>0.4ngg(-1) wet weight, w.w) in 73% and 31% of the total samples, respectively. PFOS concentrations ranged from <0.4 to 6.28ngg(-1)w.w and PFOA from <0.4 to 92.77ngg(-1)w.w. The highest PFAS levels were observed in blood and the lowest in muscle. Histology showed macrophage aggregates and hepatocytic vacuolation in some liver samples. No tissue anomalies were seen in the gonads, suggesting no reproductive impairment. The PFAS contamination levels observed were comparable to, or lower than, those reported in fish in other European countries, seeming to indicate that PFAS pollution of the study area is not remarkable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Giari
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, St. L. Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Cristiana Guerranti
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, St. P.A. Mattioli 4, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Guido Perra
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, St. P.A. Mattioli 4, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Mattia Lanzoni
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, St. L. Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Elisa Anna Fano
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, St. L. Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Castaldelli
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, St. L. Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
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23
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Dabrowska H, Kopko O, Góra A, Waszak I, Walkusz-Miotk J. DNA damage, EROD activity, condition indices, and their linkages with contaminants in female flounder (Platichthys flesus) from the southern Baltic Sea. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2014; 496:488-498. [PMID: 25108251 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.07.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Revised: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/20/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The Baltic Sea is considered as one of the marine areas most exposed to human impacts. A variety of chemical contaminants pose a threat to the habitants. Female flounder (Platichthys flesus) collected from three locations in the southern Baltic Sea in February 2010 were examined for biomarkers of exposure to genotoxic agents (DNA damage), AhR-active contaminants (ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase, EROD activity), and somatic condition indexes. Organochlorine contaminants (OCs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) metabolites were also measured in individual flounder to evaluate the biological responses in the context of contaminant burden. The genotoxicity, mildly exceeding a background level, revealed a significant relationship with mono-ortho substituted PCB (m-oPCB). Hepatic EROD activity was highly induced, yet showed no association with any of the contaminants measured other than biliary 1-OH pyrene normalized to pigment absorbance. Significant negative relationships were observed for lipid-based OCs and the gonado-somatic index (GSI) as well as for Ʃm-oPCB concentrations and the condition factor (CF). Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed an overall connection between somatic condition indexes, biomarkers, and chemical variables. Of the three locations, flounder inhabiting the Gulf of Gdańsk had the greatest contaminant burden and appeared to be the most affected. Of great concern is the reduced GSI in this location which can be attributed to the effects of contaminants and warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henryka Dabrowska
- National Marine Fisheries Research Institute (NMFRI), Gdynia, Poland.
| | - Orest Kopko
- National Marine Fisheries Research Institute (NMFRI), Gdynia, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Góra
- National Marine Fisheries Research Institute (NMFRI), Gdynia, Poland
| | - Ilona Waszak
- National Marine Fisheries Research Institute (NMFRI), Gdynia, Poland
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24
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Losada AP, Bermúdez R, Faílde LD, Di Giancamillo A, Domeneghini C, Quiroga MI. Effects of Enteromyxum scophthalmi experimental infection on the neuroendocrine system of turbot, Scophthalmus maximus (L.). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 40:577-583. [PMID: 25134847 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2014.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Revised: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Enteromyxum scophthalmi is an intestinal myxosporean parasite responsible for serious outbreaks in turbot Scophthalmus maximus (L.) culture, in North-western Spain. The disease affects the digestive tract, provokes severe catarrhal enteritis, emaciation and high rates of mortality. The digestive parasitization triggers a response with the coordinate participation of immune and neuroendocrine systems through the action of peptides released by enteroendocrine cells and present in nervous elements, acting as neuro-immune modulators. The present study was designed to assess the response of the turbot neuroendocrine system against E. scophthalmi infection. Immunohistochemical tests were applied to sections of the gastrointestinal tract of uninfected and E. scophthalmi-infected turbot to characterize the presence of bombesin (BOM), glucagon (GLUC), somatostatin (SOM), leu-enkephalin (LEU) and met-enkephalin (MET). The occurrence of E. scophthalmi in the turbot gastrointestinal tract increased the number of enteroendocrine cells immunoreactive to SOM, LEU and MET. On the other hand, BOM and GLUC immunoreactive cells were less numerous in the gastrointestinal tract of the parasitized turbot. Scarce immunoreactivity to BOM, GLUC and SOM was observed in nerve fibres and neurons of the myenteric plexus of control and infected fish. The results indicate that E. scophthalmi infection in turbot induced changes in the neuroendocrine system, with the diminution of the anorexigenic peptides BOM and GLUC; the increase of enkephalins, related to pro-inflammatory processes; and the increase of SOM, which may cause inhibitory effects on the immune response, constituting a compensatory mechanism to the exacerbated response observed in E. scophthalmi-infected turbot.
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Affiliation(s)
- A P Losada
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain.
| | - R Bermúdez
- Department of Anatomy and Animal Production, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - L D Faílde
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - A Di Giancamillo
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - C Domeneghini
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - M I Quiroga
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain
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25
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Oliveira ST, Veneroni-Gouveia G, Santos AC, Sousa SM, Veiga ML, Krewer CC, Costa MM. Ascophyllum nodosum in the diet of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and its effect after inoculation of Aeromonas hydrophila. PESQUISA VETERINARIA BRASILEIRA 2014. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-736x2014000500003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of Ascophyllum nodosum brown seaweed meal (FAM) on the health of Nile tilapia submitted to inoculation with Aeromonas hydrophila. The experiment was conducted for a period of 40 days using 120 Nile tilapia fingerlings, with age of 40 days, distributed in 20 tanks. A diet including Ascophyllum nodosum seaweed meal at 20g.kg-1 and a control diet (without FAM) were provided which constituted the treatments. Thirty days after beginning the experiment, A. hydrophila was inoculated by bacterial inoculum diluted in sterile saline solution at a concentration of 10(6) CFU ml-1. Except for the width, which was greater for the treatment with the provision of FAM (P<0.05), there was no influence on the performance parameters of the fingerlings, but the occurrence of lesions in animals inoculated with A. hydrophila and fed with FAM was lower and they also exhibited a decline in the lesions in a shorter period of time than the control group. FAM prevents hepatopancreatic congestion in infected animals. Ascophyllum nodosum brown seaweed meal reduced the number of lesions in fish in a shorter time when compared to the control group.
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26
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Lehtonen KK, Sundelin B, Lang T, Strand J. Development of tools for integrated monitoring and assessment of hazardous substances and their biological effects in the Baltic Sea. AMBIO 2014; 43:69-81. [PMID: 24414806 PMCID: PMC3888660 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-013-0478-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The need to develop biological effects monitoring to facilitate a reliable assessment of hazardous substances has been emphasized in the Baltic Sea Action Plan of the Helsinki Commission. An integrated chemical-biological approach is vitally important for the understanding and proper assessment of anthropogenic pressures and their effects on the Baltic Sea. Such an approach is also necessary for prudent management aiming at safeguarding the sustainable use of ecosystem goods and Services. The BEAST project (Biological Effects of Anthropogenic Chemical Stress: Tools for the Assessment of Ecosystem Health) set out to address this topic within the BONUS Programme. BEAST generated a large amount of quality-assured data on several biological effects parameters (biomarkers) in various marine species in different sub-regions of the Baltic Sea. New indicators (biological response measurement methods) and management tools (integrated indices) with regard to the integrated monitoring approach were suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kari K Lehtonen
- Marine Research Centre, Finnish Environment Institute, Hakuninmaantie 6, Helsinki, 00430, Finland,
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27
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Dos Santos DM, Santos GS, Cestari MM, de Oliveira Ribeiro CA, de Assis HCS, Yamamoto F, Guiloski IC, de Marchi MRR, Montone RC. Bioaccumulation of butyltins and liver damage in the demersal fish Cathorops spixii (Siluriformes, Ariidae). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 21:3166-3174. [PMID: 24217970 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-013-2280-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2013] [Accepted: 10/24/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The toxicity of butyltin compounds (BTs), mainly tributyltin (TBT), has been reported in different organisms. However, such an analysis in fish after field exposure with reference to the related biomarkers has not been commonly observed in the literature. This study presents the uptake of BTs in the liver of a neotropical marine catfish Cathorops spixii in Paranagua Bay, an important estuarine system located in southern Brazil. Two different areas, close to and distant from the harbor, were used for chemical analysis evaluation of hepatotoxicity through genetic, enzymatic, and histopathological biomarkers. The presence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in bile was also considered as a biomarker. The results showed a significant relationship between TBT levels and the inhibition of biotransformation enzymes and high occurrence of melanomacrophages in fish collected close to the harbor site. These effects were linked to the absence of TBT metabolites in the liver. In the second site, the presence of DBT was associated with an increase in EROD and GST activity. The larger amount of DNA damage as well as the highest oxidative stress was noted in fish from the less TBT-polluted area, where DBT and bile PAHs occurred. These findings showed different impact levels due to or increased by the chronic exposure of biota to BTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayana Moscardi Dos Santos
- Department of Physical, Chemical and Geological Oceanography, Oceanographic Institute, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil,
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28
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Dabrowska H, Kopko O, Turja R, Lehtonen KK, Góra A, Polak-Juszczak L, Warzocha J, Kholodkevich S. Sediment contaminants and contaminant levels and biomarkers in caged mussels (Mytilus trossulus) in the southern Baltic Sea. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2013; 84:1-9. [PMID: 23195377 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2012.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2012] [Revised: 10/24/2012] [Accepted: 11/03/2012] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Sediment from four southern Baltic Sea locations and caged mussels were analyzed for PCBs, organochlorine pesticides and metals (Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb, Hg). In mussels, which were additionally analyzed for 16 individual PAHs, a set of biomarker responses was measured to derive an integrated biomarker response (IBR) index as a part of integrative assessment of pollution in this area. Concentrations of PCBs, ΣDDT, and metals in sediment and mussels, greatest within the Gulf of Gdańsk area, showed decreasing gradients outwards from the Gulf. Sediment quality quotients (SQQs) and biological impact quotients (BIQs), reflecting on sediment- and mussel-accumulated contaminants' potential for biological effects, respectively, pointed out to the Gulf of Gdańsk to be of greatest concern among the examined sites. The IBRs corresponded poorly with the SQQs and BIQs, nevertheless, provided a line of evidence indicative of biological effects of contaminants to support more complex processes of environmental status assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henryka Dabrowska
- National Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kołłątaja 1, 81-332 Gdynia, Poland.
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29
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Fricke NF, Stentiford GD, Feist SW, Lang T. Liver histopathology in Baltic eelpout (Zoarces viviparus) - A baseline study for use in marine environmental monitoring. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2012; 82:1-14. [PMID: 23040483 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2012.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2012] [Revised: 08/29/2012] [Accepted: 08/31/2012] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The use of liver histopathology in various fish species as a biomarker in marine monitoring programmes to assess the biological effect of exposure to anthropogenic contaminants is well established. However, although the eelpout (Zoarces viviparus) has repeatedly been recommended as an appropriate bioindicator for monitoring purposes in the Baltic Sea, information on histopathological liver alterations of this species is scarce. In order to obtain an overview, a total of 1070 eelpout, collected in the period between spring 2001 and winter 2010 from 34 sampling sites distributed over large parts of the Baltic Sea, were histologically analyzed. Liver lesions were recorded and classified according to established liver lesion categories. A high prevalence of non-specific and early toxicopathic non-neoplastic hepatic lesions was recorded. In contrast, pre-neoplastic lesions were observed only in rare cases and neoplastic changes were absent. A comparison with published data on other fish species revealed that the observed alterations may indicate effects of environmental stressors including contaminants. The results of the present study, thus, support the application of eelpout liver histopathology in environmental monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolai F Fricke
- Johann Heinrich von Thünen-Institute, Federal Research Institute for Rural Areas, Forestry and Fisheries, Institute of Fisheries Ecology, Deichstr. 12, 27472 Cuxhaven, Germany.
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