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Yoo JW, Cho H, Lee KW, Won EJ, Lee YM. Combined effects of heavy metals (Cd, As, and Pb): Comparative study using conceptual models and the antioxidant responses in the brackish water flea. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2021; 239:108863. [PMID: 32781295 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2020.108863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The combined effect of toxic inducers has emerged as a challenging topic, particularly due to their inconsistent impacts on the environment. Using toxic unit (TU) based on LC50 value, we investigated the 48 h acute toxicities of the following combinations: Cd + As, Cd + Pb, As + Pb, and Cd + As + Pb, and binary and ternary combined effects were interpreted using concentration addition (CA) and independent action (IA) model. The molecular effects of these combinations were further examined on the basis of gene expression (four GST and two SOD isoforms) and antioxidant enzymes activity (SOD and GST). The CA-predicted LC50 was similar to the observed results, indicating that the CA model is more applicable for evaluating the combined effects of the metal mixtures. Synergistic effects (ΣTULC50 < 0.8) were observed for the mixtures As + Pb and Cd + Pb, while additive effects (0.8 < ΣTULC50 < 1.2) were observed for the mixtures Cd + As + Pb and Cd + As. No antagonistic effects were observed in this study. Molecular biomarkers for oxidative stress caused by metals, as well as traditional endpoints such as lethality, have shown a clear response in assessing the toxicity of binary and ternary mixtures. This study opens up a new avenue for the use of biomarkers to assess the combined effects of metals in aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Je-Won Yoo
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Convergence Engineering, Sangmyung University, Seoul 03016, Republic of Korea
| | - Hayoung Cho
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Convergence Engineering, Sangmyung University, Seoul 03016, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyun-Woo Lee
- Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, 385, Haeyang-ro, Youngdo, Busan 49111, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Ji Won
- Department of Marine Science & Convergence Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea.
| | - Young-Mi Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Convergence Engineering, Sangmyung University, Seoul 03016, Republic of Korea.
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Petrea ȘM, Costache M, Cristea D, Strungaru ȘA, Simionov IA, Mogodan A, Oprica L, Cristea V. A Machine Learning Approach in Analyzing Bioaccumulation of Heavy Metals in Turbot Tissues. Molecules 2020; 25:E4696. [PMID: 33066472 PMCID: PMC7587397 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25204696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Metals are considered to be one of the most hazardous substances due to their potential for accumulation, magnification, persistence, and wide distribution in water, sediments, and aquatic organisms. Demersal fish species, such as turbot (Psetta maxima maeotica), are accepted by the scientific communities as suitable bioindicators of heavy metal pollution in the aquatic environment. The present study uses a machine learning approach, which is based on multiple linear and non-linear models, in order to effectively estimate the concentrations of heavy metals in both turbot muscle and liver tissues. For multiple linear regression (MLR) models, the stepwise method was used, while non-linear models were developed by applying random forest (RF) algorithm. The models were based on data that were provided from scientific literature, attributed to 11 heavy metals (As, Ca, Cd, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, Zn) from both muscle and liver tissues of turbot exemplars. Significant MLR models were recorded for Ca, Fe, Mg, and Na in muscle tissue and K, Cu, Zn, and Na in turbot liver tissue. The non-linear tree-based RF prediction models (over 70% prediction accuracy) were identified for As, Cd, Cu, K, Mg, and Zn in muscle tissue and As, Ca, Cd, Mg, and Fe in turbot liver tissue. Both machine learning MLR and non-linear tree-based RF prediction models were identified to be suitable for predicting the heavy metal concentration from both turbot muscle and liver tissues. The models can be used for improving the knowledge and economic efficiency of linked heavy metals food safety and environment pollution studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ștefan-Mihai Petrea
- Department of Foood Science, Food Engineering, Biotechnology and Aquaculture, Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, University “Dunărea de Jos” of Galați, 800008 Galați, Romania; (I.-A.S.); (A.M.); (V.C.)
| | - Mioara Costache
- The Fish Culture Research and Development Station of Nucet, 137335 Dâmbovița-Nucet, Romania
| | - Dragoș Cristea
- Faculty of Economics and Business, University “Dunărea de Jos” of Galați, 800008 Galați, Romania;
| | - Ștefan-Adrian Strungaru
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, Science Research Department, “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University of Iasi, Lascar Catargi Str. 54, 700107 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Ira-Adeline Simionov
- Department of Foood Science, Food Engineering, Biotechnology and Aquaculture, Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, University “Dunărea de Jos” of Galați, 800008 Galați, Romania; (I.-A.S.); (A.M.); (V.C.)
- Multidisciplinary Research Platform (ReForm), University “Dunărea de Jos” of Galați, 800008 Galați, Romania
| | - Alina Mogodan
- Department of Foood Science, Food Engineering, Biotechnology and Aquaculture, Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, University “Dunărea de Jos” of Galați, 800008 Galați, Romania; (I.-A.S.); (A.M.); (V.C.)
| | - Lacramioara Oprica
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Biology, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, 700506 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Victor Cristea
- Department of Foood Science, Food Engineering, Biotechnology and Aquaculture, Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, University “Dunărea de Jos” of Galați, 800008 Galați, Romania; (I.-A.S.); (A.M.); (V.C.)
- Multidisciplinary Research Platform (ReForm), University “Dunărea de Jos” of Galați, 800008 Galați, Romania
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Pilehvar A, Cordery KI, Town RM, Blust R. The synergistic toxicity of Cd(II) and Cu(II) to zebrafish (Danio rerio): Effect of water hardness. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 247:125942. [PMID: 32069721 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.125942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We have evaluated the interactive toxicity of Cu(II) and Cd(II) in water with different hardness levels using adult zebrafish (Danio rerio). Zebrafish were exposed to Cd(II) (0.2-22 μM) or Cu(II) (0.1-8 μM) in single or binary exposures in very soft, moderately hard or very hard water. The whole body burdens of Cd(II) and Cu(II) reflect the net effect of biouptake and elimination, mortality was the indicator of toxicity, and whole body major ion content was measured to assess ion regulatory functions. Cu(II) was found to be more toxic than Cd(II) for zebrafish, and Cu(II) and Cd(II) exhibited a significant synergistic effect. The toxicity of metal ions increased upon decreasing the ionic strength of the exposure medium, probably due to elevated competition between metal ions with other cations in hard water and increased activity of Ca2+ pathways in soft water treatments. Whole body metal accumulation and the accumulation rate of both Cu and Cd increased as the metal ion concentration in the exposure medium increased. Nevertheless, neither parameter explained the observed synergistic effect on mortality. Finally, we observed a significant loss of whole body Na+ in fish which died during the metal exposure compared to surviving fish, irrespective of exposure conditions. Such an effect was not observed for other major cations (K+, Ca2+ and Mg2+). This observation suggests that, under the applied exposure conditions, survival was correlated to the capacity of the organism to maintain Na+ homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Pilehvar
- Systemic Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research (SPHERE), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Katherine I Cordery
- Systemic Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research (SPHERE), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Raewyn M Town
- Systemic Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research (SPHERE), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Ronny Blust
- Systemic Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research (SPHERE), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
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Novel Polymeric Nanocarriers Reduced Zinc and Doxycycline Toxicity in the Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8110550. [PMID: 31739428 PMCID: PMC6912483 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8110550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective was to evaluate the toxicity of zinc- and doxycycline-loaded polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) using Caenorhabditis elegans as a model organism. These NPs are composed of ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate and methacrylic acid. NPs were loaded with doxycycline (D-NPs) and zinc (Zn-NPs) by chemical adsorption, and loading efficacy was demonstrated. Worm death rate in a concentration-response curve basis was calculated for lethality. Metabolism was evaluated through pharyngeal pumping assay. Body length measurements, brood size and egg lays were used to gauge growth, reproduction and fertility respectively. Intracellular hydrogen peroxide levels were determined to assess the reactive oxygen species production. One-way ANOVA and Bonferroni were used for comparisons (p < 0.05). Tested NPs at the highest dosage did not affect lethality or worm metabolism, expressed in terms of death rate and pharyngeal pumping per minute, respectively. Zn-NPs slightly increased worm growth. The concentration of the intracellular hydrogen peroxide levels was the lowest in the D-NPs group. The distinct NPs and concentrations employed were shown to be non-toxic for in situ administration of zinc and doxycycline, reducing the harmful effects of these compounds.
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Wittkowski P, Marx-Stoelting P, Violet N, Fetz V, Schwarz F, Oelgeschläger M, Schönfelder G, Vogl S. Caenorhabditis elegans As a Promising Alternative Model for Environmental Chemical Mixture Effect Assessment-A Comparative Study. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:12725-12733. [PMID: 31536708 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b03266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
A key challenge of mixture toxicity testing is that a multitude of substances with even more combinations need to be tested in a broad dose range. Consequently testing in rodent bioassays, the current gold standard of toxicity testing, is hardly feasible. High-throughput compatible cell culture systems, however, suffer from limitations with respect to toxicokinetics, tissue interactions, and compensatory mechanisms. Therefore, simple organisms like the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, combining relevant advantages of complex in vivo and fast in vitro assays might prove highly valuable within a testing strategy for mixtures. To investigate the comparability between results obtained with C. elegans and traditional rodent assays, we used five azole fungicides as well investigated model substances. Our findings suggest that azoles act additively in C. elegans which is in line with previous results in rats. Additionally, we show that toxicokinetics are one important factor for the differences in the relative toxicity of the azoles in both species. Importantly, we also demonstrate that in contrast to most rodent in vivo studies, C. elegans assays provide well-defined concentration-response relationships which are a very good basis for the prediction of mixture effects. We conclude that C. elegans may be an appropriate model for mixture toxicity testing at least within a first step to identify and prioritize relevant mixtures for further testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Wittkowski
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment , German Centre for the Protection of Laboratory Animals (Bf3R) , 10589 Berlin , Germany
| | - Philip Marx-Stoelting
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment , German Centre for the Protection of Laboratory Animals (Bf3R) , 10589 Berlin , Germany
| | - Norman Violet
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment , German Centre for the Protection of Laboratory Animals (Bf3R) , 10589 Berlin , Germany
| | - Verena Fetz
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment , German Centre for the Protection of Laboratory Animals (Bf3R) , 10589 Berlin , Germany
| | - Franziska Schwarz
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment , German Centre for the Protection of Laboratory Animals (Bf3R) , 10589 Berlin , Germany
| | - Michael Oelgeschläger
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment , German Centre for the Protection of Laboratory Animals (Bf3R) , 10589 Berlin , Germany
| | - Gilbert Schönfelder
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment , German Centre for the Protection of Laboratory Animals (Bf3R) , 10589 Berlin , Germany
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin , Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health , 10117 Berlin , Germany
| | - Silvia Vogl
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment , German Centre for the Protection of Laboratory Animals (Bf3R) , 10589 Berlin , Germany
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Moyson S, Town RM, Vissenberg K, Blust R. The effect of metal mixture composition on toxicity to C. elegans at individual and population levels. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0218929. [PMID: 31237916 PMCID: PMC6592602 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The toxicity of zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), and cadmium (Cd) to the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans was characterised under single metal and mixture scenarios at different organisational levels. The effects on population size and body length were investigated at two concentrations corresponding to the 24 h LC5 and LC20 levels. Metal toxicity was dependent on metal concentration, exposure time and mixture composition. Populations exposed to LC20 levels of Cd, ZnCu, CuCd and ZnCuCd plummeted, while for all LC5 concentrations, population size continued to increase, albeit that single metals were less harmful than mixtures. Combinations of the LC20 concentration of Cd with a range of Zn concentrations showed concentration dependent mitigating effects on population size and antagonistic effects on mortality. By combining effects at different organisational levels, more insight into metal toxicity was obtained. Metal effects were more evident on population size than on body length or mortality, suggesting that population size could be considered as a sensitive endpoint. Furthermore, our observations of ZnCd mixture effects at the individual and population levels are consistent with literature data on the dose-dependent expression of the cdf-2 gene, which is involved in mediation of Zn and Cd toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofie Moyson
- Systemic Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research (SPHERE), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Raewyn M. Town
- Systemic Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research (SPHERE), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- * E-mail:
| | - Kris Vissenberg
- Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Plant Biochemistry & Biotechnology Laboratory, University of Applied Sciences Crete – Technological Educational Institute, Department of Agriculture, School of Agriculture, Food & Nutrition, Stavromenos, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Ronny Blust
- Systemic Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research (SPHERE), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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Rahmani A, Asadi A, Fatehizadeh A, Rahmani AR, Zare MR. Interactions of Cd, Cr, Pb, Ni, and Hg in their effects on activated sludge bacteria by using two analytical methods. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2019; 191:124. [PMID: 30710209 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-019-7241-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Since trace metals rarely appear singly in industrial effluents, it is a major challenge to address combined effects of such toxicants on biological units of wastewater treatment plants. The aim of this study was interaction assessment of Cd, Cr, Pb, Ni, and Hg in their effects on activated sludge bacteria using analytical methods. Two mathematical models were used to determine the effect of binary mixtures of Hg, Cd, Cr, Pb, and Ni on activated sludge bacteria using a dehydrogenase enzyme assay. Calculated EC50 values were compared to experimentally observed values of mixtures. Interactive effects were counted to be antagonistic for Hg and Cd, Cd and Pb, Cd and Ni, and Cr and Pb, synergistic for Cd and Cr and Hg and Cr, and additive for other binary mixtures. Maximum toxicity was related to Hg and Cr, Cd and Cr, and Hg and Cd. Physicochemical monitoring of single metals may underestimate hazards arising from these pollutants in environmental samples. Therefore, any possible interaction between metals in such environments should be considered when establishing environmental safety standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayat Rahmani
- Research Center for Health Sciences and Technologies, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Anvar Asadi
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Ali Fatehizadeh
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Abdol Rasool Rahmani
- Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Health, Larestan University of Medical Sciences, Larestan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Zare
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Larestan University of Medical Sciences, Larestan, Iran.
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Anyanwu BO, Ezejiofor AN, Igweze ZN, Orisakwe OE. Heavy Metal Mixture Exposure and Effects in Developing Nations: An Update. TOXICS 2018; 6:E65. [PMID: 30400192 PMCID: PMC6316100 DOI: 10.3390/toxics6040065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The drive for development and modernization has come at great cost. Various human activities in developed and developing countries, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) have given rise to environmental safety concerns. Increased artisanal mining activities, illegal refining, use of leaded petrol, airborne dust, arbitrary discarding and burning of toxic waste, absorption of production industries in inhabited areas, inadequate environmental legislation, and weak implementation of policies, have given rise to the incomparable contamination and pollution associated with heavy metals in recent decades. This review evaluates the public health effects of heavy metals and their mixtures in SSA. This shows the extent and size of the problem posed by exposure to heavy metal mixtures in regard to public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brilliance Onyinyechi Anyanwu
- World Bank Africa Centre of Excellence in Oilfield Chemicals Research, University of Port Harcourt, PMB, 5323 Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria.
| | - Anthonet Ndidiamaka Ezejiofor
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Port Harcourt, PMB, 5323 Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria.
| | - Zelinjo Nkeiruka Igweze
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Madonna University Elele, PMB, 5001 Elele, Rivers State, Nigeria.
| | - Orish Ebere Orisakwe
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Port Harcourt, PMB, 5323 Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria.
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Wu X, Cobbina SJ, Mao G, Xu H, Zhang Z, Yang L. A review of toxicity and mechanisms of individual and mixtures of heavy metals in the environment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:8244-59. [PMID: 26965280 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-6333-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 519] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/21/2016] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
The rational for the study was to review the literature on the toxicity and corresponding mechanisms associated with lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), cadmium (Cd), and arsenic (As), individually and as mixtures, in the environment. Heavy metals are ubiquitous and generally persist in the environment, enabling them to biomagnify in the food chain. Living systems most often interact with a cocktail of heavy metals in the environment. Heavy metal exposure to biological systems may lead to oxidation stress which may induce DNA damage, protein modification, lipid peroxidation, and others. In this review, the major mechanism associated with toxicities of individual metals was the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Additionally, toxicities were expressed through depletion of glutathione and bonding to sulfhydryl groups of proteins. Interestingly, a metal like Pb becomes toxic to organisms through the depletion of antioxidants while Cd indirectly generates ROS by its ability to replace iron and copper. ROS generated through exposure to arsenic were associated with many modes of action, and heavy metal mixtures were found to have varied effects on organisms. Many models based on concentration addition (CA) and independent action (IA) have been introduced to help predict toxicities and mechanisms associated with metal mixtures. An integrated model which combines CA and IA was further proposed for evaluating toxicities of non-interactive mixtures. In cases where there are molecular interactions, the toxicogenomic approach was used to predict toxicities. The high-throughput toxicogenomics combines studies in genetics, genome-scale expression, cell and tissue expression, metabolite profiling, and bioinformatics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyang Wu
- School of the Environment, Jiangsu University, Xuefu Rd. 301, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Samuel J Cobbina
- School of the Environment, Jiangsu University, Xuefu Rd. 301, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guanghua Mao
- School of the Environment, Jiangsu University, Xuefu Rd. 301, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hai Xu
- School of the Environment, Jiangsu University, Xuefu Rd. 301, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- School of the Environment, Jiangsu University, Xuefu Rd. 301, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liuqing Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Xuefu Rd. 301, Zhenjiang, 212013, China.
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Jiang Y, Chen J, Wu Y, Wang Q, Li H. Sublethal Toxicity Endpoints of Heavy Metals to the Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0148014. [PMID: 26824831 PMCID: PMC4732754 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0148014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Caenorhabditis elegans, a free-living nematode, is commonly used as a model organism in ecotoxicological studies. The current literatures have provided useful insight into the relative sensitivity of several endpoints, but few direct comparisons of multiple endpoints under a common set of experimental conditions. The objective of this study was to determine appropriate sublethal endpoints to develop an ecotoxicity screening and monitoring system. C. elegans was applied to explore the sublethal toxicity of four heavy metals (copper, zinc, cadmium and chromium). Two physiological endpoints (growth and reproduction), three behavioral endpoints (head thrash frequency, body bend frequency and feeding) and two enzymatic endpoints (acetylcholine esterase [AChE] and superoxide dismutase [SOD]) were selected for the assessment of heavy metal toxicity. The squared correlation coefficients (R2) between the responses observed and fitted by Logit function were higher than 0.90 and the RMSE were lower than 0.10, indicating a good significance statistically. There was no significant difference among the half effect concentration (EC50) endpoints in physiological and behavioral effects of the four heavy metals, indicating similar sensitivity of physiological and behavioral effects. AChE enzyme was more sensitive to copper, zinc, and cadmium than to other physiological and behavioral effects, and SOD enzyme was most sensitive to chromium. The EC50 of copper, zinc, and cadmium, to the AChE enzyme in the nematodes were 0.68 mg/L, 2.76 mg/L, and 0.92 mg/L respectively and the EC50 of chromium to the SOD enzyme in the nematode was 1.58 mg/L. The results of this study showed that there was a good concentration-response relationship between all four heavy metals and the sublethal toxicity effects to C. elegans. Considering these sublethal endpoints in terms of simplicity, accuracy, repeatability and costs of the experiments, feeding is the relatively ideal sublethal toxicity endpoint of heavy metals to C. elegans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Jiang
- College of Resources and Environment, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450000, P.R. China.,College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, P.R. China
| | - Jiandong Chen
- School of Management Science and Engineering, Guangxi University of Finance and Economics, Nanning, 530003, P.R. China
| | - Yue Wu
- Soil and Fertilizer Bureau of Shandong Province, Jinan, 250100, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450000, P.R. China
| | - Huixin Li
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, P.R. China
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Khedimallah N, Zazoua A, Sbartai A, Jaffrezic-Renault N. A High Sensitivity Impedimetric Biosensor Using the Tannin From Quercusmacrolepis as Biorecognition Element for Heavy Metals Detection. IEEE Trans Nanobioscience 2015; 14:694-9. [DOI: 10.1109/tnb.2015.2461444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Zhu B, Yang P, Mammat N, Ding H, He J, Qian Y, Fei J, Abdukerim K. Aiweixin, a traditional Uyghur medicinal formula, protects against chromium toxicity in Caenorhabditis elegans. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 15:285. [PMID: 26282848 PMCID: PMC4539661 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-015-0783-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Background Aiweixin (AWX) is a traditional Uyghur medicine prescription, and has been mainly used to treat heart and brain diseases for a long time. Previous studies indicated that AWX had therapeutic effects in a rat model of myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury. In this study, we investigate whether AWX has protective effects against chromium toxicity in Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans). Methods The AWX decoction was the conventional product for clinical use. It was added into M9 buffer in a certain volume for the treatment to the wild-type C. elegans and mutational worms, daf-16, glp-1(notch), daf-2, rsks-1 and eat-2. Assays for hexavalent chromium {Cr(VI)} stress and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production were used. Results We found that AWX at moderate contents (0.083, 0.1, 0.125 volume of AWX/total volume) increased resistance of C. elegans to Cr(VI) exposure, although higher contents of AWX are toxic for C. elegans. The protective effect of AWX was DAF-16-dependent, but independent on the DAF-2, GLP-1, RSKS-1 and EAT-2. AWX (0.1 volume of AWX/total volume) significantly reduced ROS production of C. elegans induced by Cr(VI) exposure. Conclusion These results indicated the AWX protected against the toxicity of Cr(VI) in C. elegans, and the oxidative stress protective mechanism in worms should be involved.
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Zeng Y, Wang L, Jiang L, Cai X, Li Y. Joint Toxicity of Lead, Chromium, Cobalt and Nickel to Photobacterium phosphoreum at No Observed Effect Concentration. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2015; 95:260-264. [PMID: 26032300 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-015-1568-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Joint toxicity of Pb2+, Cr3+, Co2+ and Ni2+ toward Photobacterium phosphoreum (Ph. phosphoreum) at the no observed effect concentration (NOEC) was determined through a factorial experiment. A neural network model was designed according to experimental results and employed for toxicity prediction of unary, binary, ternary and quaternary combinations. The mechanism and trends of joint toxicity were interpreted by quantitative structure-activity relationship, Michaelis-Menten kinetic model, and concentration addition (CA) theory. Toxicity was directly related to the covalent index (Xm2r), covalent binding reaction presented a first and zero order reaction at low and high concentration, respectively, and CA accurately predicted toxicity. Additionally, the results showed that low concentrations of heavy metals should be considered when conducting environment risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaling Zeng
- Resources and Environmental Research Academy, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China
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