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Nezzi L, Davico CE, Schramm H, de Melo MS, Nazari EM. Assessing testicular morphofunctionality under Roundup WG® herbicide exposure in zebrafish. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:36958-36970. [PMID: 38758439 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33626-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Glyphosate-based herbicides, like Roundup WG® (RWG) used for a range of crops, such as corn, soybean, coffee, sugarcane, rice, apple, and citrus, can reach aquatic ecosystems and impact non-target organisms like fish. Thus, the fish were exposed to three RWG concentrations plus one negative control, which represents the concentration allowed for inland Brazilian waters and concentrations found in surface water worldwide (0.0, 0.065, 0.65, and 6.5 mg a.i./L) for 7 and 15 days. Morphological analysis revealed significant alterations in the testicular structure, particularly in Sertoli cell extensions and cytoplasmic bridges between germ cells. Subcellular compartments also displayed alterations, including dilated mitochondria and the loss of electron density and autophagic vesicles. Gene transcript levels related to autophagy and steroidogenic regulation were upregulated in exposed fish. Germ cell quality was also affected, increasing ROS (reactive oxygen species) production and DNA fragmentation. The study highlighted the RWG reproductive toxicity, providing valuable insights into understanding the morphofunctional alterations in somatic and germ cells of Danio rerio. In conclusion, the environmental relevant concentrations used in this study were toxic to male somatic and germ cells, which raises a concern about the concentrations considered safe for human and animal use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciane Nezzi
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Embriologia e Genética, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Carla Eliana Davico
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Embriologia e Genética, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Heloísa Schramm
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Embriologia e Genética, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Madson Silveira de Melo
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Embriologia e Genética, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Evelise Maria Nazari
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Embriologia e Genética, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, 88040-900, Brazil.
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Shiry N, Alavinia SJ, Impellitteri F, Alavinia SJ, Faggio C. Beyond the surface: Consequences of methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) exposure on oxidative stress, haematology, genotoxicity, and histopathology in rainbow trout. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 900:165784. [PMID: 37499819 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Concerns have been raised about the possible environmental effects of methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE), which is widely used as a gasoline additive. This research aimed to look at the consequences of MTBE contamination on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), emphasizing oxidative stress, genotoxicity, and histopathological damage. After determining the LC50-96 h value, the effects of sub-lethal doses of MTBE (0 (control), 90, 180, and 450 ppm) on rainbow trout were investigated. In fish tissues, the levels of oxidative stress indicators such as malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were measured. The comet assay, which measures DNA damage in erythrocytes, was used to determine genotoxicity. Histopathological examinations were done on liver and gill tissues to examine potential structural anomalies. The results of this study show that MTBE exposure caused considerable alterations in rainbow trout. Increased oxidative stress was demonstrated by elevated MDA levels and decreased SOD activity, while the comet assay revealed dose-dependent DNA damage, implying genotoxic effects. Histopathological study revealed liver and gill tissue abnormalities, including cell degeneration, necrosis, and inflammation. Overall, this research highlights the possible sub-lethal effects of MTBE contamination on rainbow trout, stressing the need of resolving this issue. Future research should look at the impacts of chronic MTBE exposure and the possibility of bioaccumulation in fish populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nima Shiry
- Iran Fisheries Organization, Administration of Khuzestan Province, Abadan, Iran; Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Seyed Jalil Alavinia
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran; Department of Aquatic Animal Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Seyed Jamal Alavinia
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Caterina Faggio
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
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Nayak S, Das S, Kumar R, Das II, Mohanty AK, Sahoo L, Krsihnan G, Sundaray JK. Biochemical and histopathological alterations in freshwater fish, Labeo rohita (Hamilton, 1822) upon chronic exposure to a commonly used hopper insecticide, triflumezopyrim. CHEMOSPHERE 2023:139128. [PMID: 37315855 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The present study has been carried out to see the long-term effects of triflumezopyrim in an Indian major carp, Labeo rohita. Fishes were exposed to sub-lethal concentrations triflumezopyrim insecticide, 1.41 ppm (Treatment 1), 3.27 ppm (Treatment 2) and 4.97 ppm (Treatment 3), respectively for 21 days. The liver, kidney, gills, muscle, and brain tissues of the fish were examined for physiological parameters and biochemical parameters such as catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), malate dehydrogenase (MDH), alanine aminotransaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransaminase (AST), acetylcholinessterase (AChE), and hexokinase. After 21 days of exposure, the activity CAT, SOD, LDH, MDH and ALT got increased and a drop in the activity of total protein was found in all treatment groups in comparison to the control group. Long-term triflumezopyrim exposure increased ROS production, ultimately leading to oxidative cell damage and inhibiting the antioxidant capabilities of the fish tissues. Histopathological analysis showed alteration in different tissues structures of pesticide treated fishes. Fishes exposed to highest sublethal concentration of the pesticide showed higher damage rate. The present study demonstrated that chronic exposure of fish to different sublethal concentration of triflumezopyrim exerts detrimental effect on the organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sipra Nayak
- Division of Fish Genetics & Biotechnology, Aquaculture ICAR-Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Kausalyaganga, Bhubaneswar, 751002, Odisha, India
| | - Samarendra Das
- ICAR- National Institute on Foot and Mouth Disease, Arugul, Jatni, Bhubaneswar, 752050, Odisha, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- Aquaculture Production and Environment Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Kausalyaganga, Bhubaneswar, 751002, Odisha, India
| | - Ipsita Iswari Das
- Division of Fish Genetics & Biotechnology, Aquaculture ICAR-Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Kausalyaganga, Bhubaneswar, 751002, Odisha, India
| | - Aman Kumar Mohanty
- Division of Fish Genetics & Biotechnology, Aquaculture ICAR-Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Kausalyaganga, Bhubaneswar, 751002, Odisha, India
| | - Lakshman Sahoo
- Division of Fish Genetics & Biotechnology, Aquaculture ICAR-Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Kausalyaganga, Bhubaneswar, 751002, Odisha, India
| | - Gokul Krsihnan
- Aquaculture Production and Environment Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Kausalyaganga, Bhubaneswar, 751002, Odisha, India
| | - Jitendra Kumar Sundaray
- Division of Fish Genetics & Biotechnology, Aquaculture ICAR-Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Kausalyaganga, Bhubaneswar, 751002, Odisha, India.
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Davico CE, Pereira AG, Nezzi L, Jaramillo ML, de Melo MS, Müller YMR, Nazari EM. Reproductive toxicity of Roundup WG® herbicide: impairments in ovarian follicles of model organism Danio rerio. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:15147-15159. [PMID: 33226558 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11527-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate-based herbicides are widely used in global agriculture, and their effects on different non-target animal organisms have been the focus of many toxicological studies. Regarding the potential role of glyphosate-based herbicides as an endocrine disruptor, the present study aims to investigate the effects of the herbicide Roundup WG® (RWG) on female reproduction, specifically on the ovarian maturation of Danio rerio. Adult females were exposed to low concentrations of RWG (0.065, 0.65, and 6.5 mg L-1) for 15 days, and then the ovaries were submitted to structural and morphometric procedures, accompanied by analysis of the vitellin protein content. Our results showed an increase of initial ovarian follicle numbers, decrease of late ovarian follicles, and smaller diameter of ovarian follicles in fish exposed to 0.065 and 6.5 mg L-1. The thickness of vitelline envelope was reduced, and the vitellin protein content was increased in the ovarian follicle in the two highest concentrations. Ultrastructural changes in the ovarian follicular component were evident and expressed by the cell index; vacuolization in follicular cells, increase of perivitelline space, and impaired mitochondria in oocytes were observed. Therefore, RWG adversely affects the ovarian maturation in D. rerio, and these changes can lead to reproductive toxicity, compromising population dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Eliana Davico
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Embriologia e Genética, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Aline Guimarães Pereira
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Embriologia e Genética, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Luciane Nezzi
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Embriologia e Genética, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Michael Lorenz Jaramillo
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Embriologia e Genética, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Madson Silveira de Melo
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Embriologia e Genética, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Yara Maria Rauh Müller
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Embriologia e Genética, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Evelise Maria Nazari
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Embriologia e Genética, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, 88040-900, Brazil.
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Santana MS, Sandrini-Neto L, Di Domenico M, Prodocimo MM. Pesticide effects on fish cholinesterase variability and mean activity: A meta-analytic review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 757:143829. [PMID: 33248758 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Fish cholinesterases (ChEs) - like acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) - are common biomarkers of environmental contamination due to their sensitivity to a variety of toxicants. To understand pesticide effects on fish ChEs mean activity and variability, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analyses. Our goal was to verify (i) if brain and muscle ChEs responded differently to pesticide exposure; (ii) how fish size and life stage (i.e., juvenile and adult) influence ChEs variability and mean activity; (iii) what type of pesticides (i.e., herbicide, insecticide, and fungicide) has the strongest effect, and if the analytical-grade compounds differ from commercial formulations; (iv) if increasing concentrations combined with prolonged exposure leads to stronger ChEs inhibition; and (v) how each class of pesticide affects these enzymes. We validated ChEs reliability as biomarkers and identified factors influencing their response. Regardless of tissue, BChE response was more variable than AChE, and no difference between their average activity was detected. The size of juvenile fish is an important factor affecting ChEs mean activity and variability, whereas pesticide had no significant effect on adult fish ChEs. Insecticides were stronger inhibitors compared to herbicides and fungicides. Analytical-grade compounds decreased ChEs mean activity to a higher degree than commercial formulations. The combined effect of concentration and time was only significant for fungicides and insecticides. Among classes, organophosphorus insecticides had the strongest effect on ChEs, followed by carbamates, organochlorines, and pyrethroids. Organophosphorus herbicides and oxazolidinones were the only herbicides to decrease ChEs mean activity significantly, and their effects were similar from those of pyrethroids and organochlorines. Additionally, our results identified research gaps, such as the small number of studies on fungicides, neonicotinoids and other relevant pesticides. These findings suggest future directions, which might help researchers identify robust cause-effect relationships between fish ChEs and pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela S Santana
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, CEP 81.531-980 Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil; Centro de Estudos do Mar, Universidade Federal do Paraná, CEP 83255-976 Pontal do Paraná, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Leonardo Sandrini-Neto
- Centro de Estudos do Mar, Universidade Federal do Paraná, CEP 83255-976 Pontal do Paraná, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Maikon Di Domenico
- Centro de Estudos do Mar, Universidade Federal do Paraná, CEP 83255-976 Pontal do Paraná, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Maritana Mela Prodocimo
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, CEP 81.531-980 Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
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Alavinia SJ, Mirvaghefi A, Farahmand H, Rafiee G, Alavinia SJ, Shiry N, Moodi S. DNA damage, acetylcholinesterase activity, and hematological responses in rainbow trout exposed to the organophosphate malathion. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 182:109311. [PMID: 31272021 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.05.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Effects of sub-lethal concentrations (0 (control), 0.009, 0.014, and 0.023 ppm) of the organophosphate insecticide "malathion" to rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) after the determination of LC50-96 h value (0.093 ppm) were evaluated. Changes in biomarkers of neurotoxicity (acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity), genotoxicity (DNA damage), and hematological parameters (red (RBC) and white (WBC) blood cell count, hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (Hct), mean cell hemoglobin (MCH), mean cell volume (MCV), and mean cell hemoglobin concentration (MCHC)) were assessed for a 15-day exposure. A significant time- and dose-dependent reduction in AChE activities of gill, muscle, brain, and liver tissues was found. However, the AChE activity was less affected by malathion concentration than by exposure time. DNA damage of erythrocytes at different malathion concentrations increased by increasing the experimental time up to the fourth day. A decrease in the count of WBC, RBC, and Hct and an increase in the number of MCH and MCV were observed by increasing malathion exposure dose and time (p < 0.05). An increase in the malathion concentration and exposure time significantly resulted in a decrease in Hb and an increase in MCHC. A significant improvement in AChE activity; DNA damage; and RBC, Hb, Hct, MCV, and MCH indices was detected during a 30-day recovery period, but the WBC count changed insignificantly. The recovery pattern based on 100% water exchange with clean water could be a successful strategy to improve the biomarker responses of rainbow trout habituating in contaminated aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Jalil Alavinia
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, 31585-4314, Iran.
| | - Alireza Mirvaghefi
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, 31585-4314, Iran
| | - Hamid Farahmand
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, 31585-4314, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Rafiee
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, 31585-4314, Iran
| | | | - Nima Shiry
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, 31585-4314, Iran
| | - Saeed Moodi
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, 31585-4314, Iran
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7
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Alavinia SJ, Mirzargar SS, Rahmati-Holasoo H, Mousavi HE. The in vitro and in vivo effect of tannic acid on Ichthyophthirius multifiliis in zebrafish (Danio rerio) to treat ichthyophthiriasis. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2018; 41:1793-1802. [PMID: 30168579 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2018] [Revised: 07/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The in vitro antiparasitic effect of polyphenol tannic acid (TA) on Ichthyophthirius multifiliis theronts and tomonts was evaluated. In vitro antiparasitic assays revealed that TA in a dose- and time-dependent pattern through the damage of parasite plasma membrane could be 100% effective against I. multifiliis theronts at concentrations of 8 and 11 ppm during all the exposure times (45-270 min). The tomonts proliferation was completely inhibited by penetrating TA (at least 15 ppm for 22-hr exposure) into encysted tomont across the cyst wall. However, 10 ppm TA could result in a ninefold decrease in the population of live tomonts compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Although at theront concentrations of over 6,000 per zebrafish (Danio rerio), a 100% prevalence of ichthyophthiriasis during a 5-day exposure was recorded, results of in vivo tests showed that the parasite that pretreated up to 10 ppm TA for 70 min had not any capability to infect the studied zebrafish population. The acute toxicity (96 hr-LC50 ) of TA for zebrafish was 19.51 ppm. Thus, TA can be considered as a natural therapeutant to safely and efficiently improve the health of aquatic systems by controlling ichthyophthiriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Jalil Alavinia
- Department of Aquatic Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Saeed Mirzargar
- Department of Aquatic Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hooman Rahmati-Holasoo
- Department of Aquatic Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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Mao F, He Y, Gin KYH. Evaluating the Joint Toxicity of Two Benzophenone-Type UV Filters on the Green Alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii with Response Surface Methodology. TOXICS 2018; 6:toxics6010008. [PMID: 29320457 PMCID: PMC5874781 DOI: 10.3390/toxics6010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The widespread occurrence of benzophenone-type ultraviolet (UV) filter has raised the public concerns over the ecotoxicological effects of these chemicals. The present study assessed the joint toxicity of two representative benzophenones, benzophenone-1 (BP-1) and benzophenone-3 (BP-3), on the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii using response surface methodologies (RSM). Specific growth rate and photosynthetic pigments were used as endpoints to evaluate the toxic effects. Generally, exposure to the combined BP-1 and BP-3 negatively affected cell growth and pigments production, with higher inhibitions at higher exposure concentrations. The simultaneous reduction in growth rate and pigments contents indicated that BP-1 and BP-3 regulated the growth of the tested alga by affecting the photosynthesis process. Results also showed that second order polynomial regression models fitted well with experimental results for all endpoints. The obtained regression models further indicated that the effects of the combination stemmed significantly from the linear concentration of BP-1 and BP-3. The overall results demonstrated that RSM could be a useful tool in ecotoxicological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feijian Mao
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, 1 Engineering Drive 2, E1A 07-03, Singapore 117576, Singapore.
| | - Yiliang He
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Karina Yew-Hoong Gin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, 1 Engineering Drive 2, E1A 07-03, Singapore 117576, Singapore.
- NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, 5A Engineering Drive 1, #02-01, Singapore 117411, Singapore.
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Lee JW, Kim HB, Baek HJ. Plasma Stress Responses in Juvenile Red-Spotted Grouper ( Epinephelus akaara) exposed to Abrupt Salinity Decrease. Dev Reprod 2016; 20:187-196. [PMID: 27796000 PMCID: PMC5078144 DOI: 10.12717/dr.2016.20.3.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the current study was to determine acute plasma stress responses in two size groups of juvenile Epinephelus akaara (average body weight: 8.4±2.1 and 3.3±0.6 g; 150 and 120 days after hatch, respectively) exposed to abrupt salinity drops (from 34 practical salinity unit, PSU seawater to 18, 10 PSU (experiment 1) or 26, 18, 10 PSU (experiment 2), respectively). Plasma glucose, glutamic oxalate transaminase, glutamic pyruvate transaminase, red blood cell counts, and gill histology were determined during 72 h exposure. Significantly increased plasma glucose, glutamic oxalate transaminase levels, and red blood cell counts were observed in fish exposed to 18 or 10 PSU. Histological changes, such as hyperplasia and lifting of epithelium in the gill secondary lamellae, were also observed in fish exposed to 18 or 10 PSU at 72 h post-drop. E. akaara exposed to sudden salinity drops to 18 or 10 PSU still seems to undergo the primary adjustment phase before fish reaches a new homeostasis, whereas fish exposed to 26 PSU seems to mount osmotic changes. Therefore, the no observed adverse effect levels for 72 h acute salinity challenge was 26 PSU in our study, and salinity drop to 18 PSU and below can possibly cause acute adverse effect, in which fish could be vulnerable to additional stresses such as a temperature changes or handling stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jang-Won Lee
- Dept. of Marine Biology, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea
| | - Hyung Bae Kim
- Dept. of Marine Bio-resources, Gangwon Provincial College, Gangnung 25425, Korea
| | - Hea Ja Baek
- Dept. of Marine Biology, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea
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10
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Ruiz de Arcaute C, Soloneski S, Larramendy ML. Toxic and genotoxic effects of the 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D)-based herbicide on the Neotropical fish Cnesterodon decemmaculatus. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2016; 128:222-229. [PMID: 26950899 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2016.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Revised: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Acute toxicity and genotoxicity of the 54.8% 2,4-D-based commercial herbicide DMA® were assayed on Cnesterodon decemmaculatus (Pisces, Poeciliidae). Whereas lethal effect was used as the end point for mortality, frequency of micronuclei (MNs), other nuclear abnormalities and primary DNA damage evaluated by the single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE) assay were employed as end points for genotoxicity. Mortality studies demonstrated an LC50 96 h value of 1008 mg/L (range, 929-1070) of 2,4-D. Behavioral changes, e.g., gathering at the bottom of the aquarium, slowness in motion, slow reaction and abnormal swimming were observed. Exposure to 2,4-D within the 252-756 mg/L range increased the frequency of MNs in fish exposed for both 48 and 96 h. Whereas blebbed nuclei were induced in treatments lasting for 48 and 96 h, notched nuclei were only induced in fish exposed for 96 h. Regardless of both concentration and exposure time, 2,4-D did not induce lobed nuclei and binucleated erythrocytes. In addition, we found that exposure to 2,4-D within the 252-756 mg/L range increased the genetic damage index in treatments lasting for either 48 and 96 h. The results represent the first experimental evidence of the lethal and several sublethal effects, including behavioral alterations and two genotoxic properties namely the induction of MNs and primary DNA strand breaks, exerted by 2,4-D on an endemic organism as C. decemmaculatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Ruiz de Arcaute
- Cátedra de Citología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calle 64 Nº 3, B1904AMA, La Plata, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - S Soloneski
- Cátedra de Citología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calle 64 Nº 3, B1904AMA, La Plata, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - M L Larramendy
- Cátedra de Citología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calle 64 Nº 3, B1904AMA, La Plata, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina.
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11
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Klebanov N, Georgakis C. Dynamic Response Surface Models: A Data-Driven Approach for the Analysis of Time-Varying Process Outputs. Ind Eng Chem Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.5b03572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nikolai Klebanov
- Department of Chemical and
Biological Engineering and Systems Research Institute for Chemical
and Biological Processes, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Christos Georgakis
- Department of Chemical and
Biological Engineering and Systems Research Institute for Chemical
and Biological Processes, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
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Magdaleno A, Peralta Gavensky M, Fassiano AV, Ríos de Molina MC, Santos M, March H, Moretton J, Juárez ÁB. Phytotoxicity and genotoxicity assessment of imazethapyr herbicide using a battery of bioassays. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:19194-202. [PMID: 26250814 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5103-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The imazethapyr herbicide (formulation Verosil(®)) was evaluated for phytotoxicity and genotoxicity using a battery of bioassays: (1) the growth inhibition of the green alga Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, (2) the root growth and germination of the higher plant Lactuca sativa, (3) the genetic damage using the Salmonella/microsome test, and (4) the aneugenic and clastogenic effects on Allium cepa. The Verosil(®) formulation was highly toxic to the non-target green alga (median effective concentration (EC50) = 1.05 ± 0.05 mg active ingredient (a.i.) L(-1)), and concentrations above 10 mg a.i. L(-1) inhibited root elongation in lettuce: relative growth index (RGI) between 0.28 ± 0.01 and 0.66 ± 0.10. No genotoxic effect was observed in S almonella typhimurium at 100 mg a.i. L(-1), either with or without the microsomal fraction. However, significant differences in the frequency of chromosomal aberrations in anaphases and telophases (bridges, chromosome fragments, and vagrants) were observed in A. cepa at concentrations between 0.01 and 1 mg a.i. L(-1) with respect to the control. The frequencies of micronuclei showed significant differences with respect to the control at concentrations between 0.001 and 0.1 mg a.i. L(-1). A very high mitotic index (MI = 93.8 ± 5.8) was observed associated with a high number of cells in the prophase stage at 100 mg a.i. L(-1), indicating cytotoxicity. These results showed that imazethapyr is toxic to the non-target populations in both aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. This herbicide might also exert clastogenic and aneugenic mitotic damage in higher plants. Therefore, the imazethapyr formulation may constitute an environmental risk to plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anahí Magdaleno
- Cátedra de Salud Pública e Higiene Ambiental, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junin 956, 4° Piso, C1113AAC, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Marina Peralta Gavensky
- Cátedra de Salud Pública e Higiene Ambiental, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junin 956, 4° Piso, C1113AAC, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Anabella V Fassiano
- Departamento de Química Biológica, IQUIBICEN UBA-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María C Ríos de Molina
- Departamento de Química Biológica, IQUIBICEN UBA-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marina Santos
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Industrial (INTI), San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Hugo March
- Agrofina S.A., Vicente López, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan Moretton
- Cátedra de Salud Pública e Higiene Ambiental, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junin 956, 4° Piso, C1113AAC, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ángela B Juárez
- Departamento de Química Biológica, IQUIBICEN UBA-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, IBBEA UBA-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Ayanda O, Oniye S, Auta J, Ajibola V. Acute toxicity of glyphosate and paraquat to the African catfish (Clarias gariepinus, Teugels 1986) using some biochemical indicators. TROPICAL ZOOLOGY 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/03946975.2015.1076661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Guo R, Xie W, Chen J. Assessing the combined effects from two kinds of cephalosporins on green alga (Chlorella pyrenoidosa) based on response surface methodology. Food Chem Toxicol 2015; 78:116-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2015.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Revised: 01/25/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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