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Aziz N, Butt A, Elsheikha HM. Assessment of bioaccumulation of cu and Pb in experimentally exposed spiders, Lycosa terrestris and Pardosa birmanica, using different exposure routes. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:3309-3319. [PMID: 31838701 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-07055-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Major concerns exist regarding the environmental and human health risks caused by exposure to heavy metals. Spiders are often used as a model in ecotoxicological studies to assess soil pollution. Here, we measured the bioaccumulation of copper (Cu) and lead (Pb) in spiders, Lycosa terrestris and Pardosa birmanica, by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). We investigated whether Cu and Pb accumulation differs according to different spider species, single versus combined metal exposure, and routes of exposure. Spiders were exposed to 10 mM CuSO4 and 10 mM PbCl2 solutions separately or in combination (10 mM + 10 mM) through different exposure routes (spiked soil and food) for 6 weeks. The effect of metals on the survival and body mass of exposed and unexposed (control) spiders was determined. We found that in both spider species, accumulation of metals increased with exposure time. In single metal exposure, Cu accumulation from food was higher than soil exposure in both spider species, whereas the opposite was observed for Pb. The simultaneous uptake of Cu and Pb significantly decreased from food and soil, respectively. Soil exposure caused more accumulation of metals in L. terrestris than P. birmanica. Metal exposure via contaminated food caused higher mortality compared to soil exposure. Body mass of both spider species was significantly decreased and negatively correlated with metal's concentration. Overall, our results show that bioaccumulation efficiency of Cu and Pb differs significantly in spiders exposed to metal's mixture compared to single metal exposure and is dependent on the exposure route, the type of metal, and spider species. More understanding of the effects of exposure to metal mixture and exposure routes is essential for designing and supporting risk assessment and ecological monitoring programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nida Aziz
- Department of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Abida Butt
- Department of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Hany M Elsheikha
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, LE12 5RD, UK
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Sawadro MK, Bednarek AW, Molenda AE, Babczyńska AI. Expression profile of genes encoding allatoregulatory neuropeptides in females of the spider Parasteatoda tepidariorum (Araneae, Theridiidae). PLoS One 2019; 14:e0222274. [PMID: 31504071 PMCID: PMC6736302 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0222274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Allatoregulatory neuropeptides are multifunctional proteins that take part in the synthesis and secretion of juvenile hormones. In insects, allatostatins are inhibitors of juvenile hormone biosynthesis in the corpora allata while allatotropins, act as stimulators. By quantitative real-time PCR, we analyzed the gene expression of allatostatin A (PtASTA), allatostatin B (PtASTB), allatostatin C (PtASTC), allatotropin (PtAT) and their receptors (PtASTA-R, PtASTB-R, PtASTC-R, PtAT-R) in various tissues in different age groups of female spiders. In the presented manuscript, the presence of allatostatin A, allatostatin C, and allatotropin are reported in females of the spider P. tepidariorum. The obtained results indicated substantial differences in gene expression levels for allatoregulatory neuropeptides and their receptors in the different tissues. Additionally, the gene expression levels also varied depending on the female age. Strong expression was observed coinciding with sexual maturation in the neuroendocrine and nervous system, and to a lower extent in the digestive tissues and ovaries. Reverse trends were observed for the expression of genes encoding the receptors of these neuropeptides. In conclusion, our study is the first hint that the site of synthesis and secretion is fulfilled by similar structures as observed in other arthropods. In addition, the results of the analysis of spider physiology give evidence that the general functions like regulation of the juvenile hormone synthesis, regulation of the digestive tract and ovaries action, control of vitellogenesis process by the neuropeptides seem to be conserved among arthropods and are the milestone to future functional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Katarzyna Sawadro
- Department of Animal Physiology and Ecotoxicology, University of Silesia in Katowice, Bankowa, Katowice, Poland
| | - Agata Wanda Bednarek
- Department of Animal Physiology and Ecotoxicology, University of Silesia in Katowice, Bankowa, Katowice, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Ewa Molenda
- Department of Animal Physiology and Ecotoxicology, University of Silesia in Katowice, Bankowa, Katowice, Poland
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Tarnawska M, Kafel A, Augustyniak M, Rost-Roszkowska M, Babczyńska A. Microevolution or wide tolerance? Level of stress proteins in the beet armyworm Spodoptera eqigua hübner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) exposed to cadmium for over 150 generations. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 178:1-8. [PMID: 30980963 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate whether the cadmium tolerance developed in the beet armyworm Spodoptera exigua selected for over 150 generations may be related to synthesis of the stress proteins metallothioneins (Mts) and 70 kDa heat shock proteins (HSP70). To achieve this, six S. exigua strains (control, k), 150-generation Cd exposure strain (cd), and four 18-generation Cd exposure strains differing in Cd concentration (cd44, cd22, cd11, cd5) were reared. Stress protein level was measured in the midgut of the 5th larval stage after 1-6, 12 and 18 generations. Cd contents was measured in the pupae. Unlike Cd concentration, which depended on metal contents in food but was not generation-dependent, the pattern of Mts and HSP70 concentrations changed in experimental strains from generation to generation. Stress protein levels in the insects exposed to the highest Cd concentration (the same as in the 150-generation Cd exposure strain), initially higher than in the control strain, after the 12th generation did not differ from the level measured in the control strains. It seems therefore that stress proteins play a protective role in insects of lower tolerance to cadmium. The tolerance developed during multigenerational exposure probably relies on mechanisms other than Mt and HSP70 synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Tarnawska
- Department of Animal Physiology and Ecotoxicology, University of Silesia, Bankowa 9, 40007, Katowice, Poland
| | - Alina Kafel
- Department of Animal Physiology and Ecotoxicology, University of Silesia, Bankowa 9, 40007, Katowice, Poland
| | - Maria Augustyniak
- Department of Animal Physiology and Ecotoxicology, University of Silesia, Bankowa 9, 40007, Katowice, Poland
| | - Magdalena Rost-Roszkowska
- Department of Histology and Animal Histology, University of Silesia, Bankowa 9, 40007, Katowice, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Babczyńska
- Department of Animal Physiology and Ecotoxicology, University of Silesia, Bankowa 9, 40007, Katowice, Poland.
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Bednarek AW, Sawadro MK, Nicewicz Ł, Babczyńska AI. Vitellogenins in the spider Parasteatoda tepidariorum - expression profile and putative hormonal regulation of vitellogenesis. BMC DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2019; 19:4. [PMID: 30849941 PMCID: PMC6408786 DOI: 10.1186/s12861-019-0184-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Knowledge about vitellogenesis in spiders is rudimentary. Therefore, the aim of study was to check the vitellogenin (Vg) presence in various tissues of the female spider Parasteatoda tepidariorum, determine when and where vitellogenesis starts and takes place, and the putative role of selected hormones in the vitellogenesis. RESULTS Here we show two genes encoding Vg (PtVg4 and PtVg6) in the genome of the spider P. tepidariorum. One gene PtVg4 and three subunits of Vg (250 kDa, 47 kDa and 30 kDa) are expressed in the midgut glands, ovaries and hemolymph. Heterosynthesis of the Vg in the midgut glands and autosynthesis in the ovaries were observed. Vitellogenesis begins in the last nymphal stage in the midgut glands (heterosynthesis). However, after sexual maturity is reached, Vg is also synthesized in the ovaries (autosynthesis). Changes in the PtVg4 expression level and in the Vg concentration after treatment with 20-hydroxyecdysone, a juvenile hormone analog (fenoxycarb) and an antijuvenoid compound (precocene I) were observed. Therefore, we propose a hypothetical model for the hormonal regulation of vitellogenesis in P. tepidariorum. CONCLUSIONS Our results are the first comprehensive study on spider vitellogenesis. In our opinion, this work will open discussion on the evolutionary context of possible similarities in the hormonal control of vitellogenesis between P. tepidariorum and other arthropods as well as their consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata W. Bednarek
- Department of Animal Physiology and Ecotoxicology, University of Silesia, Bankowa 9, PL40007 Katowice, Poland
| | - Marta K. Sawadro
- Department of Animal Physiology and Ecotoxicology, University of Silesia, Bankowa 9, PL40007 Katowice, Poland
| | - Łukasz Nicewicz
- Department of Animal Physiology and Ecotoxicology, University of Silesia, Bankowa 9, PL40007 Katowice, Poland
| | - Agnieszka I. Babczyńska
- Department of Animal Physiology and Ecotoxicology, University of Silesia, Bankowa 9, PL40007 Katowice, Poland
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Ravaschiere A, Cutler C, Edleson K, Halem Z, Magun H, Meckler F, Cox R. Quantification of heat shock protein 70 and acetylcholinesterase over a time course suggests environmental adaptation in a foundational molluscan species. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2017; 142:222-229. [PMID: 28412626 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2016] [Revised: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Waterways in urban areas often act as repositories for sewage, industrial waste, and environmental contaminants. In response, inhabitants of these watersheds undergo physiological adaptations specific to their respective environments. Effects of these stressors can be assayed by quantification of various well-documented biomarkers in sentinel species such as the Atlantic Ribbed mussel, Geukensia demissa, a native to the Bronx River Estuary, Bronx, NY, USA. Heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) is a universally expressed biomarker for an array of environmental stressors including toxins and low dissolved oxygen. To better understand the mechanisms by which organisms tolerate their contaminated environments, we monitored the constitutive and heat shock-induced levels of two proteins: Hsp70 and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in natural populations of G. demissa from differentially impacted sites: the Bronx River and Greenwich Cove estuaries. We show that G. demissa from the Bronx River exhibits a higher level of constitutive Hsp70, and launches a more rapid and robust heat shock response than does its Greenwich Cove counterpart. In addition, AChE levels are recovered more quickly in Bronx River mussels. Based on response pattern investigations from heat stress as well as constitutive expression, we suggest that the Hsp70/AChE chaperone/client relationship exemplifies the unique adaptive mechanisms utilized by organisms in order to tolerate environmentally impacted habitats. Results from this study offer important insights from an ecological perspective into the molecular and cellular basis of stress response and provide valuable information regarding adaptation to the increased demands of challenging environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Ravaschiere
- Lisman Laboratories, Riverdale Country School, 5250 Fieldston Rd., Bronx, NY 10471, USA
| | - Caroline Cutler
- Lisman Laboratories, Riverdale Country School, 5250 Fieldston Rd., Bronx, NY 10471, USA
| | - Kristi Edleson
- Lisman Laboratories, Riverdale Country School, 5250 Fieldston Rd., Bronx, NY 10471, USA
| | - Zachery Halem
- Lisman Laboratories, Riverdale Country School, 5250 Fieldston Rd., Bronx, NY 10471, USA
| | - Henry Magun
- Lisman Laboratories, Riverdale Country School, 5250 Fieldston Rd., Bronx, NY 10471, USA
| | - Fred Meckler
- Lisman Laboratories, Riverdale Country School, 5250 Fieldston Rd., Bronx, NY 10471, USA
| | - Rachel Cox
- Lisman Laboratories, Riverdale Country School, 5250 Fieldston Rd., Bronx, NY 10471, USA.
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Hafner K, Montag D, Maeser H, Peng C, Marcotte WR, Dean D, Kennedy MS. Evaluating adhesion and alignment of dental pulp stem cells to a spider silk substrate for tissue engineering applications. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 81:104-112. [PMID: 28887952 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Revised: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A proposed source of stem cells for nerve regeneration are dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), based on their close embryonic origin to neurons and the ease with which DPSCs can be obtained from a donor. This study evaluated the response of human DPSCs to spider dragline silk fibers, a potential substrate material for tissue regeneration. The DPSCs' morphology and spread pattern were characterized after these cells were plated onto Nephila clavipes dragline fibers in media. In addition, the responses of two other well established cell lines, osteoblasts (7F2s), and fibroblasts (3T3s), were also studied under identical conditions. The inclusion of 3T3s and 7F2s in this study allowed for both direct comparisons to prior published work and a qualitative comparison to the morphology of the DPSCs. After twelve days, the DPSCs exhibited greater relative alignment and adherence to the spider dragline fibers than the 3T3s and 7F2s. The impact of a common sterilization method (ultraviolet light) on the spider dragline fiber surface and subsequent cell response to this modified surface was also characterized. Exposure of the silk to ultraviolet light did not have a measureable effect on cell alignment, but it did eliminate bacterial growth and changed fiber surface roughness. Spiders' exposure to stressful environments did not have an effect on silk to impair cell alignment or adhesion. Synthetic recombinant protein silk did not act as a substrate for cell adhesion or alignment but hydrogels with similar composition supported cell attachment, growth and proliferation. In all cases, natural drawn spider silk acted as an effective substrate for cellular adhesion and alignment of DPSCs and could be used in neural differentiation applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Hafner
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Rhodes Hall Rm. 301, Clemson, SC 29634, United States
| | - Dallas Montag
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Rhodes Hall Rm. 301, Clemson, SC 29634, United States
| | - Hannah Maeser
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Clemson University, Sirrine Hall Rm. 161, Clemson, SC 29634, United States
| | - Congyue Peng
- Department of Genetics & Biochemistry, Clemson University, Poole Agricultural Center Rm. 154, Clemson, SC 29634, United States
| | - William R Marcotte
- Department of Genetics & Biochemistry, Clemson University, Poole Agricultural Center Rm. 154, Clemson, SC 29634, United States
| | - Delphine Dean
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Rhodes Hall Rm. 301, Clemson, SC 29634, United States.
| | - Marian S Kennedy
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Clemson University, Sirrine Hall Rm. 161, Clemson, SC 29634, United States.
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da Silva Cantinha R, Borrely SI, Oguiura N, de Bragança Pereira CA, Rigolon MM, Nakano E. HSP70 expression in Biomphalaria glabrata snails exposed to cadmium. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2017; 140:18-23. [PMID: 28231501 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the effects of the heavy metal cadmium on the stress protein HSP70 are investigated in freshwater mollusks Biomphalaria glabrata. Adult snails were exposed for 96h to CdCl2 at concentrations ranging from 0.09 to 0.7mgL-1 (LC50/96h=0.34 (0.30-0.37). Time and concentration-dependent increases in the expression of HSP70 were observed at sub-lethal levels in the immunoblotting assay. Further, an increased survival to a lethal heat shock was observed in animals pre-exposed to a nonlethal concentration of cadmium, evidencing the induction of acquired tolerance. The present study demonstrated the inducibility of B. glabrata HSP70 by cadmium, a relevant environmental contaminant, at non-lethal levels, providing evidences that the assessment of HSP70 in B. glabrata can be regarded as a suitable biomarker for ecotoxicological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca da Silva Cantinha
- Instituto Butantan, Laboratório de Parasitologia, Avenida Vital Brasil, 1500, Butantã, São Paulo, SP CEP 05503-900, Brazil; Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes, 2242, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP CEP 05508-000, Brazil.
| | - Sueli Ivone Borrely
- Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes, 2242, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP CEP 05508-000, Brazil.
| | - Nancy Oguiura
- Instituto Butantan, Laboratório de Parasitologia, Avenida Vital Brasil, 1500, Butantã, São Paulo, SP CEP 05503-900, Brazil.
| | - Carlos Alberto de Bragança Pereira
- Departamento de Estatística, Instituto de Matemática e Estatística, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, 1010, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP CEP 05008-090, Brazil.
| | - Marcela M Rigolon
- Instituto Butantan, Laboratório de Parasitologia, Avenida Vital Brasil, 1500, Butantã, São Paulo, SP CEP 05503-900, Brazil.
| | - Eliana Nakano
- Instituto Butantan, Laboratório de Parasitologia, Avenida Vital Brasil, 1500, Butantã, São Paulo, SP CEP 05503-900, Brazil.
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Sawadro M, Bednarek A, Babczyńska A. The current state of knowledge on the neuroactive compounds that affect the development, mating and reproduction of spiders (Araneae) compared to insects. INVERTEBRATE NEUROSCIENCE 2017; 17:4. [DOI: 10.1007/s10158-017-0197-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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