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Delgado-Suarez I, Lozano-Bilbao E, Hardisson A, Paz S, Gutiérrez ÁJ. Metal and trace element concentrations in cetaceans worldwide: A review. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 192:115010. [PMID: 37167666 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
This bibliographical review is a compilation of different scientific publications that reported data on metal concentrations in the muscle tissue of different species of cetaceans from seas and oceans around the world. Forty-nine scientific articles were selected, published over a fifteen-year period (2006-2021) with data on heavy metals and trace elements. The different groups of cetaceans considered in this study generally presented low concentrations of Cd and Pb. The same cannot be said of Hg. The highest concentrations of Hg were found in the groups of false killer whales. Similarly, the use of these groups of cetaceans as bioindicators of metal contamination shows that the Mediterranean Sea is one of the most metallically contaminated areas in the world. This may be due to the closed nature of the Mediterranean Sea and to the fact that it is also a highly populated and industrialized area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indira Delgado-Suarez
- Toxicology Area, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pediatrics, Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Toxicology, Legal and Forensic Medicine and Parasitology, University of La Laguna, 38200, La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Enrique Lozano-Bilbao
- Toxicology Area, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pediatrics, Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Toxicology, Legal and Forensic Medicine and Parasitology, University of La Laguna, 38200, La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Arturo Hardisson
- Toxicology Area, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pediatrics, Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Toxicology, Legal and Forensic Medicine and Parasitology, University of La Laguna, 38200, La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Soraya Paz
- Toxicology Area, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pediatrics, Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Toxicology, Legal and Forensic Medicine and Parasitology, University of La Laguna, 38200, La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Ángel J Gutiérrez
- Toxicology Area, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pediatrics, Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Toxicology, Legal and Forensic Medicine and Parasitology, University of La Laguna, 38200, La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.
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de Oliveira AHB, Fernandes GM, Dos Santos FR, de Almeida NM, Nogueira TR, de Quadros Melo D, Martins LL, Cavalcante RM, do Nascimento RF, Reddy CM. Insights about levels and source appointment of petroleum hydrocarbons in Brazilian semi-arid coastal: baseline status assessment for ocean decade targets. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:58002-58018. [PMID: 36973626 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-26600-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The Ocean decade (2021-2030) for sustainable development proclaimed in 2017 by the UN, seeks to promote and conserve the sustainable use of oceans, seas, and marine resources. For this, the distribution of n-alkanes, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and biomarkers, in sediments from the Fortaleza coastal zone (Mucuripe harbor (MH) and Inner Continental shelf (ICS)) were used to assess the impacts of anthropogenic activities in the area. The concentrations of total n-alkanes (Σ16 n-alkanes) in MH and ICS sediments varied from 35.9 to 94.9 and 17.9 to 197.3 μg g-1, respectively, while the isoprenoids phytane and pristane in MH and ICS sediments ranged from 0.1 to 1.69 ug g-1 and from 0.14 and 1.20 μg g-1, respectively. Most of the sediment samples presented carbon preference index (CPI) values close to unity, indicating that the area is submitted to petroleum-related sources. The concentrations of Σ16 PAHs in MH and ICS sediments varied from 87.0 to 562.0 and 98 to 288.0 ng g-1. This work presents the first investigation of the petroleum biomarkers hopanes and steranes in the Fortaleza coastal zone, in which ΣBiomarkers varied from 0.10 to 1.79 and 0.02 to 0.24 ug g-1 in MH and ICS sediments, respectively. The presence at stations of biomarkers also indicates petrogenic input. The diagnosis of the distribution of pollutants in the investigated zones of the Fortaleza coast suggests contamination from urban areas and oil spills and vessel traffic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andre Henrique Barbosa de Oliveira
- Environmental Studies Laboratory (LEA), Federal University of Ceara, Analytical Chemistry and Physical Chemistry Dpto Campus Pici, Av. Mister Hull, S/N - Pici - 60455-760, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
- Tropical Marine Sciences Program/LABOMAR/UFC, Fortaleza, Brazil.
| | - Gabrielle Melo Fernandes
- Laboratory for Assessment of Organic Contaminants (LACOr), Institute of Marine Sciences, Federal University of Ceara (LABOMAR-UFC), Av. Abolição, 3207-Meireles, Fortaleza, CE, 60165-081, Brazil
| | - Felipe Rodrigues Dos Santos
- Laboratory for Assessment of Organic Contaminants (LACOr), Institute of Marine Sciences, Federal University of Ceara (LABOMAR-UFC), Av. Abolição, 3207-Meireles, Fortaleza, CE, 60165-081, Brazil
| | - Narelle Maia de Almeida
- Marine and Applied Geology Laboratory, Federal University of Ceara, Geology Dpto Campus Pici, Av. Mister Hull, S/N - Pici, 60440-554, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Tiago Rocha Nogueira
- Laboratory of Traces Analysis (LAT), Department of Analytical Chemistry and Physical Chemistry, Federal University of Ceara, Rua Do Contorno, Humberto Monte S/N Campus Do Pici, Bloco 940, Fortaleza, 60451-970, Brazil
| | - Diego de Quadros Melo
- Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Sertão Pernambucano, PE 647, Km 22, PISNC N - 4, Rural Zone Petrolina Campus, Petrolina, PE, 56302-970, Brazil
| | - Laercio Lopes Martins
- Tropical Marine Sciences Program/LABOMAR/UFC, Fortaleza, Brazil
- Laboratory for Assessment of Organic Contaminants (LACOr), Institute of Marine Sciences, Federal University of Ceara (LABOMAR-UFC), Av. Abolição, 3207-Meireles, Fortaleza, CE, 60165-081, Brazil
- Laboratory of Petroleum Engineering and Exploration (LENEP), North Fluminense State University (UENF), Macaé, Rio de Janeiro, 27925-535, Brazil
| | - Rivelino Martins Cavalcante
- Tropical Marine Sciences Program/LABOMAR/UFC, Fortaleza, Brazil
- Laboratory for Assessment of Organic Contaminants (LACOr), Institute of Marine Sciences, Federal University of Ceara (LABOMAR-UFC), Av. Abolição, 3207-Meireles, Fortaleza, CE, 60165-081, Brazil
| | - Ronaldo Ferreira do Nascimento
- Laboratory of Traces Analysis (LAT), Department of Analytical Chemistry and Physical Chemistry, Federal University of Ceara, Rua Do Contorno, Humberto Monte S/N Campus Do Pici, Bloco 940, Fortaleza, 60451-970, Brazil
| | - Christopher Michael Reddy
- Department of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, 02543, USA
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Fernandes GM, Martins DA, Dos Santos RP, de Santiago IS, Nascimento LS, Oliveira AHB, Yamamoto FY, Cavalcante RM. Levels, source appointment, and ecological risk of petroleum hydrocarbons in tropical coastal ecosystems (northeast Brazil): Baseline for future monitoring programmes of an oil spill area. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 296:118709. [PMID: 34942290 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We reviewed 20 years of levels, sources, and environmental risks related to the main petroleum hydrocarbons in the northeast region of Brazil. The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review to serve as a comprehensive baseline for future monitoring programmes related to the oil spill disaster in 2019/2020. Most contamination levels of both PAHs and AHs were classified as low, except those in specific areas influenced by human activities, such as ports, highly urbanised mangroves, or rivers of medium-sized cities with inadequate liquid and solid waste treatment. Most hydrocarbons were linked to natural sources and burning processes, except in regions of extraction activities and petrochemical facilities as well as highly urbanised areas, where degraded petroleum and oil hydrocarbons predominated. Only 2.5% of the samples exceeded threshold effect levels for ∑16-PAHs and no samples exceeded probable effect levels. When regional threshold levels were used, however, the probable effect for the ∑16-PAHs measured was high, ranging from 5.8 to 6.1%. The few studies reporting biological responses showed that hydrocarbons from anthropogenic sources can induce adverse effects on marine organisms even at low to moderate levels. As the region has recently received a considerable quantity of crude oil, studies should be prioritised for a more precise assessment of the impact of this oil spill.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle M Fernandes
- Laboratory for Assessment of Organic Contaminants (LACOr), Institute of Marine Sciences, Federal University of Ceará (LABOMAR-UFC), Av. Abolição, 3207-Meireles, CEP: 60165-081, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Davi A Martins
- Laboratory for Assessment of Organic Contaminants (LACOr), Institute of Marine Sciences, Federal University of Ceará (LABOMAR-UFC), Av. Abolição, 3207-Meireles, CEP: 60165-081, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Rafael P Dos Santos
- Laboratory for Assessment of Organic Contaminants (LACOr), Institute of Marine Sciences, Federal University of Ceará (LABOMAR-UFC), Av. Abolição, 3207-Meireles, CEP: 60165-081, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Ithala S de Santiago
- Laboratory for Assessment of Organic Contaminants (LACOr), Institute of Marine Sciences, Federal University of Ceará (LABOMAR-UFC), Av. Abolição, 3207-Meireles, CEP: 60165-081, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Lorena S Nascimento
- Laboratory for Assessment of Organic Contaminants (LACOr), Institute of Marine Sciences, Federal University of Ceará (LABOMAR-UFC), Av. Abolição, 3207-Meireles, CEP: 60165-081, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - André H B Oliveira
- Environmental Studies Laboratory (LEA), Federal University of Ceará - Analytical Chemistry and Physical Chemistry Dpto, Campus do Pici s/n, Bloco 938/939, Brazil
| | - Flávia Y Yamamoto
- Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Vicente, Brazil
| | - Rivelino M Cavalcante
- Laboratory for Assessment of Organic Contaminants (LACOr), Institute of Marine Sciences, Federal University of Ceará (LABOMAR-UFC), Av. Abolição, 3207-Meireles, CEP: 60165-081, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
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Martinez AS, Underwood T, Christofoletti RA, Pardal A, Fortuna MA, Marcelo-Silva J, Morais GC, Lana PC. Reviewing the effects of contamination on the biota of Brazilian coastal ecosystems: Scientific challenges for a developing country in a changing world. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 803:150097. [PMID: 34500263 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Pollution is a major worldwide problem that is increasing with urban growth, mainly along coastal areas. Pollution is often worse, governance is poorer and managerial strategies to improve environmental quality are less advanced in developing than developed countries. Here, we present an overview of the current scientific knowledge of the impacts of contamination on the biota of coastal ecosystems of Brazil and evaluate the scientific challenges to provide baseline information for local managerial purposes. We compiled data from 323 peer-reviewed published papers from the extensive Brazilian coast. We critically evaluated the produced knowledge (target contaminants, sources, ecosystems, taxa, response variables) and the science behind it (rigour and setting) within its socioenvironmental context (land occupation, use of the coast, sanitation status, contamination history). Research was driven largely by environmental outcomes of industrial development with a focus on the single effects of metals on the biota. The current knowledge derives mainly from laboratory manipulative experiments or from correlative field studies of changes in the biota with varying levels of contamination. Of these, 70% had problems in their experimental design. Environmental impacts have mainly been assessed using standard indicators of populations, mostly in ecotoxicological studies. Benthic assemblages have mostly been studied using structural indicators in field studies. Future assessments of impacts should expand research to more taxonomic groups and ecosystem compartments, adding combined functional and structural responses. Furthermore, further investigations need to consider the interactive effects of contaminants and other environmental stressors. By doing so, researchers would deliver more robust and effective results to solve problems of pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline S Martinez
- Institute of Marine Science, Federal University of São Paulo (IMar/UNIFESP), Rua Dr Carvalho de Mendonça 144, Santos, SP 11070-100, Brazil.
| | - Tony Underwood
- Marine Ecology Laboratories A11, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Ronaldo A Christofoletti
- Institute of Marine Science, Federal University of São Paulo (IMar/UNIFESP), Rua Dr Carvalho de Mendonça 144, Santos, SP 11070-100, Brazil
| | - André Pardal
- Institute of Marine Science, Federal University of São Paulo (IMar/UNIFESP), Rua Dr Carvalho de Mendonça 144, Santos, SP 11070-100, Brazil; Center for Natural and Human Sciences, Federal University of ABC (CCNH/UFABC), Rua Santa Adélia, 166, Santo André, SP 09210-170, Brazil
| | - Monique A Fortuna
- Institute of Marine Science, Federal University of São Paulo (IMar/UNIFESP), Rua Dr Carvalho de Mendonça 144, Santos, SP 11070-100, Brazil
| | - João Marcelo-Silva
- Institute of Marine Science, Federal University of São Paulo (IMar/UNIFESP), Rua Dr Carvalho de Mendonça 144, Santos, SP 11070-100, Brazil
| | - Gisele C Morais
- Laboratório de Bentos, Centro de Estudos do Mar, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Av. Beira-mar, s/n, Pontal do Paraná, PR 83255-976, Brazil
| | - Paulo C Lana
- Laboratório de Bentos, Centro de Estudos do Mar, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Av. Beira-mar, s/n, Pontal do Paraná, PR 83255-976, Brazil
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Abreu FEL, Martins SE, Fillmann G. Ecological risk assessment of booster biocides in sediments of the Brazilian coastal areas. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 276:130155. [PMID: 33743422 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Although booster biocides (Irgarol, diuron, chlorothalonil, dichlofluanid, and DCOIT) have been detected in sediments along the Brazilian coastal areas, the risk associated to their occurrence and levels is still unknown. Thus, the ecological risk of booster biocides to sediment-dwelling organisms from the Brazilian coast was assessed using a risk characterization approach through the Risk Quotient (Measured environmental concentration (MEC)/Predicted no effect concentrations (PNECs)). Sedimentary PNECs for Irgarol, diuron, chlorothalonil and DCOIT were derived based on published ecotoxicological data from both freshwater and marine studies, while a NORMAN methodology was used to derived it for dichlofluanid. Results showed that DCOIT, diuron, Irgarol, chlorothalonil, and dichlofluanid can pose high risk on 47%, 35%, 15%, 1% and 1%, respectively, of the 113 Brazilian sites appraised. Considering the trend of expansion of navigation/maritime activities, DCOIT may worsen its impact over the coastal areas of Brazil, especially ports, but also ship/boatyards, marinas, and maritime traffic zones. The present study is an important contribution to support advance on policy formulation concerning booster biocides worldwide, particularly considering the lack of regulation on the use of antifouling biocides in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiamma Eugênia Lemos Abreu
- Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande (IO -FURG), Av. Itália S/n, Campus Carreiros, 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil; PPG Em Oceanologia, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande (PPGO-FURG), Av. Itália S/n, Campus Carreiros, 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Gilberto Fillmann
- Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande (IO -FURG), Av. Itália S/n, Campus Carreiros, 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil; PPG Em Oceanologia, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande (PPGO-FURG), Av. Itália S/n, Campus Carreiros, 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil.
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Chiovatto ACL, de Godoi AVO, Zanardi-Lamardo E, Duarte FA, DelValls TÁ, Pereira CDS, Castro ÍB. Effects of substances released from a coal tar-based coating used to protect harbor structures on oysters. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 166:112221. [PMID: 33684704 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Products coal tar-based are largely used as concrete structures as protective coatings but some questions about leaching and potential toxic effects remain unclear. A laboratory experiment exposing oysters to miniaturized concrete pillars painted with Lackpoxi N1761 over time was performed and trace elements and 17 PAH were monitored in seawater exposure media, and oyster tissues. The original paint composition was also analyzed, and high concentrations of trace elements and PAH were detected. Sharp increases in PAH concentrations were observed after 6-96 h in exposure media and oyster tissues, suggesting that these compounds were leached from the painted structures. In parallel, the integrity of the hemocytes lysosomal membranes of exposed organisms has been damaged. Based on the response of this biomarker, the use of Lackpoxi N1761 is potentially harmful to the environment and it is required that coal tar-based paints be evaluated according to the environmental risk assessment protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Eliete Zanardi-Lamardo
- Departamento de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Fabio Andrei Duarte
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Tomás Ángel DelValls
- Laboratório de Ecotoxicologia, Universidade Santa Cecília (UNISANTA), Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Camilo Dias Seabra Pereira
- Instituto do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Santos, São Paulo, Brazil; Laboratório de Ecotoxicologia, Universidade Santa Cecília (UNISANTA), Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Ítalo Braga Castro
- Instituto do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Santos, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Moreira LB, Braga Castro Í, Fillmann G, Peres TF, Cavalcante Belmino IK, Sasaki ST, Taniguchi S, Bícego MC, Marins RV, Drude de Lacerda L, Costa-Lotufo LV, de Souza Abessa DM. Dredging impacts on the toxicity and development of sediment quality values in a semi-arid region (Ceará state, NE Brazil). ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 193:110525. [PMID: 33259786 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Sediment dredging impacts coastal environments by promoting the resuspension of fine particles and remobilization of contaminants that may trigger toxic effects. In this study, we evaluated the sediment quality in harbor areas of Mucuripe bay, a semi-arid ecosystem located in Ceará state (Brazil), which is subject to dredging activities. A sampling survey was conducted right after dredging operations and data compared to another survey performed prior dredging. Sediments were analyzed for fine particles, organic carbon, nutrients, metals, hydrocarbons, and tributyltin (TBT). Toxicity of whole-sediment and liquid phase exposures were also determined. The concentrations of Cd, Cr, Cu, and Zn decreased after dredging, which was confirmed by the geoaccumulation index. Levels of TBT dropped while phosphorus, aliphatic and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons increased. Toxic effects persisted, indicating a post-dredging recontamination combined with other sources such as urban runoff, wastewater discharges, harbor activities, and antifouling particles. Data from Mucuripe and Pecém harbors were compiled and site-specific sediment quality values (SQVs) were developed by using multivariate methods. The threshold values proposed by our study were lower and more effective to predict toxicity compared to international guidelines, indicating levels of contamination for this tropical region in which toxic effects may occur. Considering the large geographic area with different sediment characteristics of the Brazilian coast, this study represents a significant contribution to sediment toxicity assessment of dredging activities in semi-arid environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Buruaem Moreira
- Instituto de Ciências Do Mar, Universidade Federal Do Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil; Núcleo de Estudos Em Poluição e Ecotoxicologia Aquática, UNESP, São Vicente, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Ítalo Braga Castro
- Instituto Do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gilberto Fillmann
- Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, Rio Grande Do Sul, Brazil
| | - Tiago Farias Peres
- Instituto de Ciências Do Mar, Universidade Federal Do Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | | | - Silvio Tarou Sasaki
- Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Satie Taniguchi
- Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Márcia Caruso Bícego
- Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rozane Valente Marins
- Instituto de Ciências Do Mar, Universidade Federal Do Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Luiz Drude de Lacerda
- Instituto de Ciências Do Mar, Universidade Federal Do Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
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Nunes BZ, Zanardi-Lamardo E, Choueri RB, Castro ÍB. Marine protected areas in Latin America and Caribbean threatened by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 269:116194. [PMID: 33288292 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.116194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The present study is a literature-based analysis investigating occurrence and the possible consequences of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in marine protected areas (MPAs) of Latin America and Caribbean. The approach using overlapping of georeferenced MPA polygons with data compiled from peer-reviewed literature, published during the last 15 years, showed 341 records of PAH in 9 countries. PAH was reported to occur within the boundaries of 36 MPAs located in Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Mexico, Nicaragua and Uruguay. According to quality guidelines, low to moderate impacts are expected in MPAs categorized in different management classes. Considering sediment samples, 13% of the records presented concentrations enough to cause occasional toxicity. Such level of risk was also seen in Ramsar sites and in Amazonian MPAs. In addition, based on concentrations reported in biota, occasional deleterious effects on organisms from Biosphere Reserves might occur. Diagnostic ratios pointed out petrogenic and pyrolytic processes as PAH predominant sources, and were mainly attributed to the proximity to ports, industries and urban areas. MPAs located in the vicinity of impact-generating areas may be under threat and require government attention and action, mainly through implementation of contamination monitoring programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Zachello Nunes
- Instituto Do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (IMAR-UNIFESP), Santos, SP, Brazil; Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande (IO-FURG), Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Eliete Zanardi-Lamardo
- Departamento de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, PE, Brazil
| | | | - Ítalo Braga Castro
- Instituto Do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (IMAR-UNIFESP), Santos, SP, Brazil; Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande (IO-FURG), Rio Grande, RS, Brazil.
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Castro ÍB, Machado FB, de Sousa GT, Paz-Villarraga C, Fillmann G. How protected are marine protected areas: A case study of tributyltin in Latin America. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 278:111543. [PMID: 33157467 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Protected areas (PAs) are dedicated and managed to achieve long-term conservation of nature with associated ecosystem services and cultural values. However, few studies have assessed contamination/pollution, one of the top five biodiversity threats, within these areas. In fact, more than 100,000 molecules used in consumer goods are potentially affecting over 250,000 protected areas distributed worldwide. As a result, chemical appraisal within PAs require specific approaches to be feasible. Herein, an approach for assessment of contamination in marine protected areas (MPAs) spread over large continental and/or global areas was proposed and tested using, as a case study, the impact of tributyltin (TBT) within Latin America. This approach included area delimitation, bibliographic survey, construction of attribute tables, data insertion in a Geographic Information System, overlapping with worldwide shapefiles of PAs, identification of affected PAs and evaluation of impacts using the outcomes against specific environmental quality guidelines/directives. A total of 259 records of TBT occurrence and/or its biological effect within 53 marine protected areas (including biosphere reserves, Ramsar sites and National parks) were gathered. Among affected species, were recorded 18 gastropods exhibiting imposex. In addition, 6 bivalves, 1 crustacean, and 3 fish species presenting TBT residues in tissues were seen in MPAs from Brazil, Argentina, Ecuador, Peru, Chile and Venezuela. Since levels of TBT recorded in several studied MPAs were enough do induce deleterious biological responses over marine biota, it was clear that conservancy goals of some "protected" areas are under threat. Considering that only TBT exposure was appraised, and these areas are likely to be concomitantly exposed to other classes of contaminants, the actual scenario can be even more frightening. Although initially applied as a TBT case study, the present approach enables an overview for other chemicals within protected areas worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ítalo Braga Castro
- Instituto do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - Rua Carvalho de Mendonça, 144 - Encruzilhada, Santos, SP, 11070-100, Brazil.
| | - Fabiano Bender Machado
- Instituto do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - Rua Carvalho de Mendonça, 144 - Encruzilhada, Santos, SP, 11070-100, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Tavares de Sousa
- Instituto do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - Rua Carvalho de Mendonça, 144 - Encruzilhada, Santos, SP, 11070-100, Brazil
| | - César Paz-Villarraga
- Laboratório de Microcontaminantes Orgânicos e Ecotoxicologia Aquática, Inst. de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Av. Itália, km 8, Rio Grande, RS, 96203-900, Brazil
| | - Gilberto Fillmann
- Laboratório de Microcontaminantes Orgânicos e Ecotoxicologia Aquática, Inst. de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Av. Itália, km 8, Rio Grande, RS, 96203-900, Brazil
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Dorneles PR, Schilithz PF, Paiva TDC, Flach L, Barbosa LA, Domit C, Cremer MJ, Azevedo-Silva CE, Azevedo AF, Malm O, Lepoint G, Bisi TL, Das K, Lailson-Brito J. Total tin (TSn) biomagnification: Evaluating organotin trophic flow and dispersion using hepatic TSn concentrations and stable isotope (C, N) data of nektonic organisms from Brazil. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 161:105063. [PMID: 32738555 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2020.105063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A previous investigation of our research team has demonstrated the suitability of using hepatic total tin (ΣSn) concentrations for evaluating dolphin exposure to organotins (OTs). The present study develops the previous technique into three different approaches that comprise data: (1) on hepatic ΣSn concentrations of 121 Guiana dolphins (Sotalia guianensis) from five different coastal areas (CAs): (2) on ΣSn, δ13C and δ15N for 40 dolphins from Rio de Janeiro state (RJ), including ten different delphinid species; as well as (3) on hepatic ΣSn concentrations and δ15N values on 31 individuals from five different fish species from Sepetiba Bay (SB, Rio de Janeiro-RJ, Brazil). Hepatic ΣSn concentrations of Guiana dolphins from Guanabara Bay (GB, RJ) were significantly higher than those found in other four CAs from S and SE Brazilian regions. Significant positive correlations were found between ΣSn concentrations and δ13C data in delphinid species, demonstrating a coast-ocean gradient in dolphin exposure to OTs in RJ state. Significant and positive correlations were observed between ΣSn concentrations and both δ15N and Trophic Position (TP) values of fish, as well as high values were found for Trophic Magnification Factor (TMF = 3.03) and Trophic Magnification Slope (TMS = 0.14), demonstrating OT biomagnification in SB ichthyofauna.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo R Dorneles
- Radioisotope Laboratory (LREPF), Biophysics Institute (IBCCF), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brazil.
| | - Priscila F Schilithz
- Aquatic Mammal and Bioindicator Laboratory (MAQUA), School of Oceanography, Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brazil
| | - Thais de C Paiva
- Radioisotope Laboratory (LREPF), Biophysics Institute (IBCCF), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brazil
| | - Leonardo Flach
- Boto-cinza Institute, Mangaratiba, Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brazil
| | | | - Camila Domit
- Laboratory of Ecology and Conservation, Centre of Marine Studies (CEM), Federal University of Parana (UFPR), Curitiba, Parana (PR), Brazil
| | - Marta J Cremer
- Laboratory of Ecology and Conservation of Coastal and Marine Tetrapods, University of Joinville Region (UNIVILLE), São Francisco do Sul, Santa Catarina (SC), Brazil
| | - Claudio E Azevedo-Silva
- Radioisotope Laboratory (LREPF), Biophysics Institute (IBCCF), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brazil
| | - Alexandre F Azevedo
- Aquatic Mammal and Bioindicator Laboratory (MAQUA), School of Oceanography, Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brazil
| | - Olaf Malm
- Radioisotope Laboratory (LREPF), Biophysics Institute (IBCCF), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brazil
| | - Gilles Lepoint
- Laboratory of Oceanology, FOCUS Research Unit, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Tatiana L Bisi
- Aquatic Mammal and Bioindicator Laboratory (MAQUA), School of Oceanography, Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brazil
| | - Krishna Das
- Laboratory of Oceanology, FOCUS Research Unit, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - José Lailson-Brito
- Aquatic Mammal and Bioindicator Laboratory (MAQUA), School of Oceanography, Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brazil
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11
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Moreira LB, Sasaki ST, Taniguchi S, Peres TF, Lopes Figueira RC, Bícego MC, Marins RV, Costa-Lotufo LV, Souza Abessa DM. Biomarkers responses of the clam Anomalocardia flexuosa in sediment toxicity bioassays using dredged materials from a semi-arid coastal system. Heliyon 2020; 6:e04030. [PMID: 32509987 PMCID: PMC7264064 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Few test organisms are employed for sediment toxicity assessments in Tropical regions, including Brazil. We assessed the ability of the clam Anomalocardia flexuosa to respond to contamination in sediment bioassays using dredging materials of a semi-arid region (Ceará State, NE Brazil), with attention to sublethal responses. Sediments were collected during and after dredging (survey 1 and 2, respectively) and animals exposed in laboratory over 28 days, with responses measured at 7 days. Bioaccumulation of contaminants was determined in whole-body soft tissues as a metric of bioavailability, and biomarkers' changes were monitored in terms of enzymes of phase I and II metabolism, acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and antioxidant responses, lipid peroxidation (LPO) and DNA damage (strand breaks). Clams accumulated aliphatic (AHs) and aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and linear alkylbenzenes (LABs) compared to control conditions (day 0), with increased amounts of As, Cd, Cu, and Zn observed in some samples. The enzyme glutathione S-transferase was enhanced in animals exposed to samples, indicating activation of phase II metabolism. Changes observed in glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), LPO and strand breaks were related to oxidative stress. AChE enzymatic activity also changed, as an indicator of neurotoxicity caused by sediment exposure. The computed integrated biomarker response index (IBR) ranked sites according to the contamination status and proximity to its sources. Correlations found for biomarkers and bioaccumulation of hydrocarbons indicated the influence of harbor activities, effluent discharges, and urban runoff on the sediment pollution of Mucuripe Bay. Data also showed that SQGs are unable to predict bioaccumulation and subchronic effects. Based on our results we consider that biomarkers responses in A. flexuosa are important endpoints to be applied in sediment toxicity bioassays in tropical regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Buruaem Moreira
- Instituto de Ciências do Mar, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil.,Núcleo de Estudos em Poluição e Ecotoxicologia Aquática, UNESP São Vicente, Brazil
| | | | - Satie Taniguchi
- Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tiago Farias Peres
- Instituto de Ciências do Mar, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
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Caballero-Gallardo K, Alcala-Orozco M, Barraza-Quiroz D, De la Rosa J, Olivero-Verbel J. Environmental risks associated with trace elements in sediments from Cartagena Bay, an industrialized site at the Caribbean. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 242:125173. [PMID: 31698215 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Cartagena Bay (CB) is an industrialized site in the Caribbean. The aim of this study was to evaluate contamination patterns by trace elements in sediments from CB. Sediment samples from twelve sites in CB, and three at the Grand Marsh of Santa Marta (GMSM), a reference site, were collected during dry and rainy seasons. Forty-four trace elements were evaluated employing ICP-MS, and mercury (Hg) was measured using a Hg analyzer. Most contaminated sites corresponded to stations related to repair and maintenance of ships, with high concentrations of Cr, Cu, As and Cd; as well as in areas where cargo transshipment centers and cruise ship terminals operate, which showed elevated levels of Ba. Stations receiving inputs from petrochemical and fertilizer plants displayed high content of Pb. At the station where an extinct chlor-alkali plant was located, a high total Hg level was found, highlighting its persistence. At least 70% of the samples presented Cr, Cu, and As concentrations that were ≥ Threshold Effect Level, < Probable Effect Level, ≥ Effects Range Low and < Effects Range Medium, suggesting adverse biological effects could occur occasionally. Potential Ecological risk values revealed that only Hg and Cd may generate deleterious effects to the aquatic life. However, with few exceptions, sediment samples from CB can be considered as moderately to heavily contaminated, as shown by the Igeo. In short, the principles of ecosystem-based management should be implemented along Cartagena Bay to guarantee safe levels of trace elements in sediments and a better quality of this estuary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Caballero-Gallardo
- Environmental and Computational Chemistry Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zaragocilla Campus, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, 130015, Colombia
| | - Maria Alcala-Orozco
- Environmental and Computational Chemistry Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zaragocilla Campus, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, 130015, Colombia
| | - Diana Barraza-Quiroz
- Environmental and Computational Chemistry Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zaragocilla Campus, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, 130015, Colombia
| | - Jesus De la Rosa
- Associate Unit CSIC - University of Huelva ''Atmospheric Pollution'', Center for Research in Sustainable Chemistry (CIQSO), University of Huelva, E21071, Huelva, Spain
| | - Jesus Olivero-Verbel
- Environmental and Computational Chemistry Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zaragocilla Campus, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, 130015, Colombia.
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13
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Moreira LB, Sasaki ST, Taniguchi S, Bícego MC, Costa-Lotufo LV, Abessa DMS. Impacts of dredging on biomarkers responses of caged bivalves in a semi-arid region (Ceará State, NE Brazil). MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 151:104784. [PMID: 31493851 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2019.104784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the performance of two native bivalves in responding to sediment resuspension was investigated during dredging operations of a semi-arid bay (Mucuripe, NE Brazil). The clam Anomalocardia flexuosa and the oyster Crassostrea rhizophorae were selected and caged in two sites influenced by the dredging plume. We assessed the bioaccumulation of metals and hydrocarbons in both species as biomarkers of exposure and then, biomarkers' responses were assessed in gills and digestive glands over a 28 days period, at 7 days intervals: the activities of phase I and II, and antioxidant enzymes, levels of lipid peroxidation and DNA strand breaks. Both transplanted bivalves accumulated Cu, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and linear alkylbenzenes (LABs) in their whole-body tissues, whereas Ni, Pb and Zn accumulation was species-dependent. The exposure time set at day 28 was considered appropriate. Biomarkers exhibited time-related responses in both species, but gills exhibited a more sensitive response, indicating a function of barrier against the uptake of chemicals and also a relevant tissue to be targeted. In clams, Phase I and II enzymes (ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase and glutathione S-transferase) were induced during the period of intense dredging, while in oysters they were activated at the end of operations. Induction of antioxidant enzymes (glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase) and elevated levels DNA damage were observed in both exposure surveys. Clams and oysters were sensitive and responded to the exposure of resuspended sediments and the biomarkers of effects were associated with bioaccumulation of contaminants in the integrated analysis. These results indicate that The clam A. flexuosa and the oyster C. rhizophorae are suitable models to be used in monitoring programs or field exposure experiments in tropical regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas B Moreira
- Instituto de Ciências do Mar, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil; Núcleo de Estudos em Poluição e Ecotoxicologia Aquática, UNESP - São Vicente, Brazil.
| | - Silvio T Sasaki
- Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo - São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Satie Taniguchi
- Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo - São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Márcia C Bícego
- Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo - São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Denis M S Abessa
- Núcleo de Estudos em Poluição e Ecotoxicologia Aquática, UNESP - São Vicente, Brazil
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14
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Valdés J, Tapia JS. Spatial monitoring of metals and As in coastal sediments of northern Chile: An evaluation of background values for the analysis of local environmental conditions. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2019; 145:624-640. [PMID: 31590832 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
To assess environmental conditions along the coast of northern Chile, 457 sediment samples were collected between 22° S and 28° S in order to evaluate the Cu, Zn, Pb, Ni, V, Cd, As and Al content as well as its corresponding relationship to nearby anthropogenic activities. In general, the results of most metals showed that bays without industrial activity accumulate lower concentrations of contaminant elements in the sediments and thus mostly represent natural conditions. The highest Cu, Pb and V levels were measured in coastal zones were different industrial mining activities have been developed during the last decades. Results of different indices of environmental evaluation and ecological impact suggest that, metal content of sediments from pollution-free zones characterized by similar oceanographic and geological conditions to those under study, would be the most appropriate background level for assessing the anthropogenic impact on coastal areas of northern Chile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Valdés
- Laboratorio de Sedimentología y Paleoambientes (LASPAL), Instituto de Ciencias Naturales Alexander von Humboldt, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y de Recursos Biológicos, Universidad de Antofagasta, Av. Universidad de Antofagasta 2800, Antofagasta, Chile.
| | - Joseline S Tapia
- Escuela de Geología, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Santo Tomás, Santiago, Chile.
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15
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da Silva Toscano Saes RV, Moreira LB, Peres TF, Taniguchi S, Bícego MC, Marins RV, de Souza Abessa DM. Sub-lethal Responses of the Polychaete Armandia agilis in Whole-sediment Toxicity Testing. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2019; 102:310-315. [PMID: 30688999 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-019-02556-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The present study assessed biochemical responses as sublethal endpoints in the polychaete Armandia agilis exposed to contaminated sediments to in order to assess its potential use as a test organism. Sediment samples from several locations at a dredging site were obtained and used in whole-sediment exposures. Samples were tested with A. agilis to determine the 10-day toxicity of the 100% sample and the enzymatic activity of catalase (CAT), glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) biochemical measurements made in whole-body homogenates of a subset of the surviving organisms. Biochemical responses reported in A. agilis were not statistically different from the reference site sediment, however, the integrated analysis demonstrated that contaminants bound to sediment samples influenced the sublethal effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lucas Buruaem Moreira
- Instituto de Ciências do Mar, Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), Meireles - Fortaleza, Av. da Abolição, Ceara, 3207, 60165-08, Brazil.
- Núcleo de Estudos em Poluição e Ecotoxicologia Aquática, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Praça Infante Dom Henrique, s/n. São Vicente, Sao Paulo, 11330-900, Brazil.
| | - Tiago Farias Peres
- Instituto de Ciências do Mar, Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), Meireles - Fortaleza, Av. da Abolição, Ceara, 3207, 60165-08, Brazil
| | - Satie Taniguchi
- Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Praça do Oceanográfico, 191. São Paulo, Sao Paulo, 05508-120, Brazil
| | - Marcia Caruso Bícego
- Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Praça do Oceanográfico, 191. São Paulo, Sao Paulo, 05508-120, Brazil
| | - Rozane Valente Marins
- Instituto de Ciências do Mar, Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), Meireles - Fortaleza, Av. da Abolição, Ceara, 3207, 60165-08, Brazil
| | - Denis Moledo de Souza Abessa
- Instituto de Ciências do Mar, Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), Meireles - Fortaleza, Av. da Abolição, Ceara, 3207, 60165-08, Brazil
- Núcleo de Estudos em Poluição e Ecotoxicologia Aquática, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Praça Infante Dom Henrique, s/n. São Vicente, Sao Paulo, 11330-900, Brazil
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16
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Chatzinikolaou E, Mandalakis M, Damianidis P, Dailianis T, Gambineri S, Rossano C, Scapini F, Carucci A, Arvanitidis C. Spatio-temporal benthic biodiversity patterns and pollution pressure in three Mediterranean touristic ports. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 624:648-660. [PMID: 29272834 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.12.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Revised: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The Mediterranean Sea is one of the busiest areas worldwide in terms of maritime activity, facing considerable anthropogenic disturbance, such as pollution by hydrocarbons and heavy metals. The present study has evaluated the environmental and benthic biodiversity characteristics of three touristic ports, Cagliari (Sardinia, Italy), Heraklion (Crete, Greece) and El Kantaoui (Tunisia), based on the combined assessment of physical parameters, chemical variables (i.e. nutrients, pigments), sediment pollution and macrobenthic biodiversity. Different port sectors (leisure, fishing, passenger, cargo, shipyard) and different seasons (winter, before touristic period, after touristic period) were compared. Salinity and sediment concentration of copper and antimony were the three environmental parameters most highly correlated with benthic species composition and diversity. Both the environmental variables and the benthic biodiversity patterns were significantly different between the three ports (i.e. different geographical locations). Heraklion port was heavily polluted by AHs in surface and anoxic sediments and had the highest percentage of opportunistic species, while Cagliari had the highest levels of PAHs and UCM and low species richness. El Kantaoui port was less polluted and characterised by a richer biodiversity. The shipyard sector in Heraklion port was significantly different from all other sectors in terms of abiotic and biotic parameters. Physico-chemical and pollution variables recorded during the period after tourism (late summer) were significantly different from the ones recorded in winter. Seasonal differences were not significant between benthic species diversity patterns, but were revealed when the patterns derived from the aggregation of higher taxonomic levels were compared. The present study indicates that a regular-basis monitoring plan including evaluation of environmental health based on benthic biodiversity, can provide a basis for perceiving changes and reveal the degree of anthropogenic disturbance in port environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Chatzinikolaou
- Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), Heraklion, 71003, Crete, Greece.
| | - Manolis Mandalakis
- Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), Heraklion, 71003, Crete, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Damianidis
- Department of Zoology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, P.O. Box 134, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Thanos Dailianis
- Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), Heraklion, 71003, Crete, Greece
| | - Simone Gambineri
- Department of Biology, University of Florence (UNIFI), via Romana 17, 50125 Firenze, Italy
| | - Claudia Rossano
- Department of Biology, University of Florence (UNIFI), via Romana 17, 50125 Firenze, Italy
| | - Felicita Scapini
- Department of Biology, University of Florence (UNIFI), via Romana 17, 50125 Firenze, Italy
| | - Alessandra Carucci
- Department of Civil-Environmental Engineering and Architecture (DICAAR), University of Cagliari (UNICA), Via Marengo 2, 09123 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Christos Arvanitidis
- Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), Heraklion, 71003, Crete, Greece
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Vogt ÉL, Model JFA, Vinagre AS. Effects of Organotins on Crustaceans: Update and Perspectives. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:65. [PMID: 29535684 PMCID: PMC5835110 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Organotins (OTs) are considered some of the most toxic chemicals introduced into aquatic environments by anthropogenic activities. They are widely used for agricultural and industrial purposes and as antifouling additives on boat hull's paints. Even though the use of OTs was banned in 2008, elevated levels of OTs can still be detected in aquatic environments. OTs' deleterious effects upon wildlife and experimental animals are well documented and include endocrine disruption, immunotoxicity, neurotoxicity, genotoxicity, and metabolic dysfunction. Crustaceans are key members of zooplankton and benthic communities and have vital roles in food chains, so the endocrine-disrupting effects of tributyltin (TBT) on crustaceans can affect other organisms. TBT can disrupt carbohydrate and lipid homeostasis of crustaceans by interacting with retinoid X receptor (RXR) and crustacean hyperglycemic hormone (CHH) signaling. Moreover, it can also interact with other nuclear receptors, disrupting methyl farnesoate and ecdysteroid signaling, thereby altering growth and sexual maturity, respectively. This compound also interferes in cytochrome P450 system disrupting steroid synthesis and reproduction. Crustaceans are also important fisheries worldwide, and its consumption can pose risks to human health. However, some questions remain unanswered. This mini review aims to update information about the effects of OTs on the metabolism, growth, and reproduction of crustaceans; to compare with known effects in mammals; and to point aspects that still needs to be addressed in future studies. Since both macrocrustaceans and microcrustaceans are good models to study the effects of sublethal TBT contamination, novel studies should be developed using multibiomarkers and omics technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Éverton L. Vogt
- Laboratório de Metabolismo e Endocrinologia Comparada (LAMEC), Departamento de Fisiologia, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Jorge F. A. Model
- Laboratório de Metabolismo e Endocrinologia Comparada (LAMEC), Departamento de Fisiologia, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Anapaula S. Vinagre
- Laboratório de Metabolismo e Endocrinologia Comparada (LAMEC), Departamento de Fisiologia, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
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18
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Ranjbar Jafarabadi A, Riyahi Bakhtiari A, Shadmehri Toosi A. Comprehensive and comparative ecotoxicological and human risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in reef surface sediments and coastal seawaters of Iranian Coral Islands, Persian Gulf. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2017; 145:640-652. [PMID: 28818794 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The concentration and spatial distribution along with ecotoxicological risk of 30 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were investigated in the reef surface sediments (RSSs) and coastal seawater (CSW) of ten coral Islands from the Persian Gulf, Iran, in January 2015. For all sampling sites, assessment of ecological risk was undertaken using several approaches. Mean concentration of ∑30PAHs varied between 70 and 884ngL-l with an overall mean value of 464ngL-l in the CSW, while the RSS ranged from 274 to 1098ngg-1dw with a total average of 619ngg-1dw. The results showed a gradient in PAH concentration and toxicity estimates from the northern Hormoz site increasing to the eastern Kharg site. Most of the toxicity estimates were in the moderate range or less than risk values for damage to the marine environment. The calculated Dermal Hazard Quotient (HQs), the sum of HQs (HI) and other cancer risk values of most compounds were less than safety values at most sites. It means that the possibility of negative effects of PAHs via dermal absorption from sediments for children and adults is low. Some sampling sites studied have already been impacted with hazardous pollutants for an extended period of time and evidence from this investigation demonstrates that mixtures of PAHs may be carcinogenic to humans, especially in the western part of the Gulf.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Ranjbar Jafarabadi
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University (TMU), Noor, Mazandaran, Iran.
| | - Alireza Riyahi Bakhtiari
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University (TMU), Noor, Mazandaran, Iran.
| | - Amirhossein Shadmehri Toosi
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Khorasan Razavi, Iran
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19
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Pinheiro PPO, Massone CG, Carreira RS. Distribution, sources and toxicity potential of hydrocarbons in harbor sediments: A regional assessment in SE Brazil. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2017; 120:6-17. [PMID: 28476352 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.04.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2017] [Revised: 04/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Aliphatic and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were quantified in harbors sediments from SE Brazil. The aims were to (i) compare harbors with distinct sizes and under the influence of different environmental pressures with respect to the sources and level of hydrocarbon contamination and (ii) evaluate the potential of adverse biological effects of sediment contamination by PAHs, based on sediment quality guidelines and toxicity equivalence quotient. The concentrations of total aliphatics (39.9μgg-1; 22.9-113μgg-1) and total PAHs (727ngg-1; 366-1760ngg-1) varied according to the size of and urban development around each harbor. Mixed contamination by petrogenic and pyrolytic hydrocarbons, and input of biogenic compounds, indicated the influence of both harbor activities and a myriad of urban, industrial and atmospheric inputs. The quality of sediment poses a risk to benthic biological communities, and, if dredged, this material may cause environmental damage in the waste disposal area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro P O Pinheiro
- Grupo de Oceanografia Química e Geoquímica, Departamento de Pesquisas, Instituto de Estudos do Mar Almirante Paulo Moreira, Marinha do Brasil, Arraial do Cabo, RJ 28930-000, Brazil
| | - Carlos G Massone
- LabMAM, Departamento de Química, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio), Rio de Janeiro, RJ 22451-900, Brazil
| | - Renato S Carreira
- LaGOM, Faculdade de Oceanografia, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20550-013, Brazil.
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Begliomini FN, Maciel DC, de Almeida SM, Abessa DM, Maranho LA, Pereira CS, Yogui GT, Zanardi-Lamardo E, Castro ÍB. Shell alterations in limpets as putative biomarkers for multi-impacted coastal areas. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 226:494-503. [PMID: 28442267 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.04.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
During the last years, shell alterations in gastropods have been proposed as tools to be used in monitoring programs. However, no studies were so far performed investigating the relationships among shell parameters and classical biomarkers of damage. The relationship between shell alterations (biometrics, shape and elemental composition) and biomarkers (LPO and DNA strand break) was evaluated in the limpet L. subrugosa sampled along a contamination gradient in a multi-impacted coastal zone from southeastern Brazil. Statistically significant differences were detected among sites under different pollution levels. The occurrence of shell malformations was consistent with environmental levels of several hazardous substances reported for the studied area and related to lipid peroxidation and DNA damage. In addition, considering the low mobility, wide geographic distribution, ease of collection and abundance of limpets in coastal zones, this putative tool may be a cost-effective alternative to traditional biomarkers. Thus, shell alterations in limpets seem to be good proxies for assessing biological adverse effects in multi-impacted coastal zones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Nincao Begliomini
- Departamento de Ciências do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Santos, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Sérgio Mendonça de Almeida
- Museu de Zoologia, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Católica de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Denis Moledo Abessa
- Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), São Vicente, SP, Brazil
| | - Luciane Alves Maranho
- Departamento de Ciências do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Camilo Seabra Pereira
- Departamento de Ciências do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Gilvan Takeshi Yogui
- Departamento de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Eliete Zanardi-Lamardo
- Departamento de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Ítalo Braga Castro
- Departamento de Ciências do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Santos, SP, Brazil.
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