1
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Pelosi C, Gavinelli F, Petit-Dit-Grezeriat L, Serbource C, Schoffer JT, Ginocchio R, Yáñez C, Concheri G, Rault M, van Gestel CAM. Copper toxicity to earthworms: A comprehensive review and meta-analysis. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 362:142765. [PMID: 38969228 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
Copper can accumulate in agricultural topsoil through the use of Cu-based fungicides, which may harm soil organisms such as earthworms. This study aimed at reviewing the effects of copper on earthworms at different levels of biological organization, and to determine critical values of copper toxicity to earthworms using a meta-analysis and accounting for lethal and sub-lethal effects and different earthworm species and exposure conditions. Endpoints at the sub-individual level were more sensitive than at higher levels of organization. At the individual level, the most sensitive endpoints were reproduction and growth (hatching success, hatchling growth). Hormetic growth was clearly recognized at copper concentrations less than 80 mg kg-1 in dry soil. However, effects at the sub-individual level already occurred at lower concentrations. Considering all the exposure conditions, the calculated weighted means were 113 mg Cu kg-1 dry soil (95% CI -356; 582) for the LC50 (lethal concentration for 50% of the exposed individuals), 94.6 mg Cu kg-1 dry soil (95% CI 14.0; 175) for the EC50 reproduction, and 144 mg Cu kg-1 dry soil (95% CI -12.6; 301) for the EC50 growth or weight change. When accounting for the origin of the soil, earthworms were five times more sensitive to copper (LC50) in natural than in artificial soils. The different factors affecting Cu toxicity to earthworms explain the high variability of these values, making it difficult to derive thresholds. However, considering the potential negative effects of copper on earthworms, attention should be given to the more sustainable use of human-contributed copper in agricultural soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Pelosi
- INRAE, Avignon Université, UMR EMMAH, F-84000, Avignon, France.
| | - F Gavinelli
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), Università degli Studi di Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020, Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - L Petit-Dit-Grezeriat
- INRAE, Avignon Université, UMR EMMAH, F-84000, Avignon, France; Avignon Univ, Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IRD, IMBE, Pôle Agrosciences, 301 rue Baruch de Spinoza, BP 21239, 84916, Avignon, France
| | - C Serbource
- INRAE, Avignon Université, UMR EMMAH, F-84000, Avignon, France
| | - J T Schoffer
- Center of Applied Ecology and Sustainability (CAPES), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Escuela de Agronomía, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Agronomía, Universidad de Las Américas, Sede Providencia, Manuel Montt 948, Santiago, Chile
| | - R Ginocchio
- Center of Applied Ecology and Sustainability (CAPES), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Facultad de Agronomía y Sistemas Naturales, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - C Yáñez
- Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - G Concheri
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), Università degli Studi di Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020, Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - M Rault
- Avignon Univ, Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IRD, IMBE, Pôle Agrosciences, 301 rue Baruch de Spinoza, BP 21239, 84916, Avignon, France
| | - C A M van Gestel
- Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment (A-LIFE), Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081, HZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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2
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Schoffer JT, Solari F, Petit-Dit-Grézériat L, Pelosi C, Ginocchio R, Yáñez C, Mazuela P, Neaman A. The downside of copper pesticides: An earthworm's perspective. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:16076-16084. [PMID: 38240972 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32078-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
The widespread use of copper-based pesticides, while effective in controlling plant diseases, has been identified as a major source of copper contamination in soils. This raises concerns about potential adverse effects on earthworms, key players in soil health and ecosystem function. To inform sustainable pesticide practices, this study aimed to establish copper toxicity thresholds for earthworm avoidance in agricultural soils impacted by copper-based pesticides. We collected 40 topsoil samples (0-5 cm) from orchards and vineyards in the O'Higgins Region of central Chile, and 10 additional soils under native vegetation as background references. A standardized avoidance bioassay using Eisenia fetida assessed the impact of copper-based pesticides on the soils. Total copper concentrations ranged between 23 and 566 mg kg-1, with observed toxic effects on earthworms in certain soils. The effective concentration at 50% (EC50) for total soil copper, determined by Eisenia fetida's avoidance response, was 240 mg kg-1, with a 95% confidence interval of 193-341 mg kg-1. We further compared our EC50 values with existing data from agricultural soils impacted by mining activities. Interestingly, the results revealed a remarkable similarity between the thresholds for earthworm avoidance, regardless of the source of copper contamination. This observation underscores the universality of copper toxicity in agricultural ecosystems and its potential impact on soil biota. This study provides novel insights into copper toxicity thresholds for earthworms in real-world, pesticide-contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Tomás Schoffer
- Center of Applied Ecology and Sustainability (CAPES), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Fiama Solari
- Center of Applied Ecology and Sustainability (CAPES), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Lucas Petit-Dit-Grézériat
- INRAE, Avignon Université, UMR EMMAH, Avignon, France
- Avignon Université, IMBE, Pôle Agroscience, Avignon, France
| | - Céline Pelosi
- INRAE, Avignon Université, UMR EMMAH, Avignon, France
| | - Rosanna Ginocchio
- Center of Applied Ecology and Sustainability (CAPES), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Ecosistemas y Medio Ambiente, Facultad de Agronomía y Sistemas Naturales, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carolina Yáñez
- Instituto de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Pilar Mazuela
- Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica, Chile
| | - Alexander Neaman
- Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica, Chile.
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3
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Liu Y, Chen M, Mu X, Wang X, Zhang M, Yin Y, Wang K. Responses and detoxification mechanisms of earthworm Amynthas hupeiensis to metal contaminated soils of North China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 327:121584. [PMID: 37037277 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Metal contamination is widespread, but only a few studies have evaluated the toxicological risks of metals (Cd, Cu, and Pb) in earthworms from farmlands in North China (Hebei province). Amynthas hupeiensis, the dominant species in the study area, was used to determine the responses and detoxification mechanisms of uncontaminated (CK), and low (LM)-, and high (HM)-metal-contaminated soils following 7-, 14-, and 28-days exposure. Metal toxicity in LM and HM soils inhibited the biomass of A. hupeiensis. The concentrations of Cd in A. hupeiensis bodies indicated accumulated Cd appeared to remain steady with prolonged exposure, while Cu/Pb increased significantly with soil levels. Bioaccumulation occurred in the order Cd > Pb > Cu in LM soil, and in the order Cd > Cu ≈ Pb in HM soil, which was attributed to differences in available fractions between LM and HM soils. Physiological levels of biomarkers in A. hupeiensis were determined, including total protein (TP), glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and malondialdehyde (MDA). Deviations in GSH, GPx, and AChE were considered to denote sensitive biomarkers using the IBRv2 index. Metabolomics data (1H nuclear magnetic resonance-based) revealed changes in metabolites following 28-days exposure to LM and HM soils. Differences in metabolism in A. hupeiensis following exposure to LM and HM were related to energy metabolism, amino acid biosynthesis, glycerophospholipid metabolism, inositol phosphate metabolism, and glutathione metabolism. Metal stress from LM and HM soils disturbed osmoregulation, resulting in oxidative stress, destruction of cell membranes and inflammation, and altered levels of amino acids required for energy by A. hupeiensis. These findings provide biochemical insights into the physiological and metabolic mechanisms underlying the ability of A. hupeiensis to resist metal stress, and for assessing the environmental risks of metal-contaminated soils in farmland in North China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, College of Resources and Environmental Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China
| | - Miaomiao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, College of Resources and Environmental Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China
| | - Xiaoquan Mu
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, College of Resources and Environmental Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China
| | - Xinru Wang
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, College of Resources and Environmental Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China
| | - Menghan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, College of Resources and Environmental Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China
| | - Yue Yin
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, College of Resources and Environmental Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China
| | - Kun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, College of Resources and Environmental Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China.
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4
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Huang C, Feng X, Yue S, Jia L, Wang K, Zhou W, Qiao Y. Impact of progressively cumulative exposure of AgNPs on earthworms (Eisenia fetida) and implication for eco-toxicological risk assessment. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 322:138163. [PMID: 36804250 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Hazardous pollutants released into the real environment mostly own long-lasting cumulative characteristics and have progressively negative impacts on organisms, which are always neglected in laboratory toxicological tests. Here in this study, the different ecotoxicity of Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs) on earthworm Eisenia fetida was compared via various endpoints and transcriptional sequencing between the 28-day progressively repeated (from 60 to 80, final 100 mg/kg) and one-step (directly to 100 mg/kg) exposure. The results showed that earthworms under progressively repeated exposure showed significantly less biomass loss and reproductive inhibition, as well as lower Ag bioaccumulation (15.6 mg/kg) compared with one-step exposure (17.9 mg/kg). The increases in enzyme activities (superoxide enzyme and catalase) and gene expression (metallothionein) also implied higher antioxidant and genetic toxicity in one-step exposed earthworms compared with those from progressively repeated exposure. Furthermore, the transcriptomic analysis identified 582 and 854 differentially expressed genes in the treatments of one-step and repeated exposure respectively compared with the control group. The results of pathway annotation and classification suggested similar enrichments of damage induction but different in toxic stress responses, whereas earthworms from repeated exposure possessed more detoxification-related pathways like translation and multicellular organismal processes. This study innovatively took into account the impacts of processive exposure occurring in the real environment and elucidated distinctions of toxicity and adaptation caused by different exposure patterns, which provided the theoretical basis for real risk identification under the framework and guidance of traditional toxicology, also the implication for the improvement of eco-toxicological risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caide Huang
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Maclean Building, Benson Lane, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, Oxon, OX10 8BB, UK
| | - Xu Feng
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shizhong Yue
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, Dezhou University, Dezhou 253023, China
| | - Li Jia
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans, UMR7327, CNRS-Université d'Orleans-Brgm, Orléans 45071, France
| | - Kun Wang
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; State Key Laboratory of North China Crop and Regulation, College of Resources and Environmental Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Wenhao Zhou
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yuhui Qiao
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Organic Farming, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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5
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Brulle F, Amossé J, Bart S, Conrad A, Mazerolles V, Nélieu S, Lamy I, Péry A, Pelosi C. Toward a harmonized methodology to analyze field side effects of two pesticide products on earthworms at the EU level. INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT 2023; 19:254-271. [PMID: 35703133 PMCID: PMC10084329 DOI: 10.1002/ieam.4650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Before plant protection product (PPP) marketing authorization, a risk assessment for nontarget soil organisms (e.g., earthworms) is required as part of Regulation (EC) No. 1107/2009. Following a stepwise approach, higher tier earthworm field studies are needed if they cannot demonstrate low long-term risk based on laboratory studies. The European guidance for terrestrial ecotoxicology refers to ISO guideline 11268-3 as a standard to conduct earthworm field studies. Assessment of such studies may be challenging, as no European harmonized guidance is available to properly analyze the accuracy, representativeness, and appropriateness of experimental designs, as well as the statistical analysis robustness of results and their scientific reliability. Following the ISO guideline 11268-3, a field study was performed in 2016-2017 (Versailles, France). An assessment of the first year of this field study was performed in agreement with the quality criteria provided in 2006 in the guidance document published by de Jong and collaborators and recommendations by Kula and collaborators that allows describing the protocol and results of earthworm field studies. Not only did we underline the importance of a detailed analysis of raw data on the effects of pesticides on earthworms in field situations, but we also provided recommendations to harmonize protocols for assessing higher tier field studies devoted to earthworms to advance a better assessment of PPP fate and ecotoxicity. In particular, we provided practical field observations related to the study design, pesticide applications, and earthworm sampling. Concurrently, in addition to the conventional earthworm community study, we propose carrying out an assessment of soil function (i.e., organic matter decomposition, soil structuration, etc.) and calculating diversity indices to obtain information about earthworm community dynamics after the application of PPPs. Finally, through field observations, any relevant observation of external and/or internal recovery should be reported. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2023;19:254-271. © 2022 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Franck Brulle
- Ecotoxicological and Environmental Fate Unit for Pesticides and Fertilisers, Regulated Products Assessment DepartmentANSESMaisons‐AlfortFrance
| | - Joël Amossé
- Université Paris‐Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR ECOSYSVersaillesFrance
| | - Sylvain Bart
- Université Paris‐Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR ECOSYSVersaillesFrance
- MOECO (modeling and data analyses for ecology and ecotoxicology)ParisFrance
| | - Arnaud Conrad
- Ecotoxicological and Environmental Fate Unit for Pesticides and Fertilisers, Regulated Products Assessment DepartmentANSESMaisons‐AlfortFrance
| | - Vanessa Mazerolles
- Ecotoxicological and Environmental Fate Unit for Pesticides and Fertilisers, Regulated Products Assessment DepartmentANSESMaisons‐AlfortFrance
| | - Sylvie Nélieu
- Université Paris‐Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR ECOSYSVersaillesFrance
| | - Isabelle Lamy
- Université Paris‐Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR ECOSYSVersaillesFrance
| | - Alexandre Péry
- Université Paris‐Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR ECOSYSVersaillesFrance
| | - Céline Pelosi
- Université Paris‐Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR ECOSYSVersaillesFrance
- INRAE, Avignon Université, UMR EMMAHAvignonFrance
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6
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Huang C, Shen Z, Li L, Yue S, Jia L, Wang K, Zhou W, Qiao Y. Reproductive damage and compensation of wild earthworm Metaphire californica from contaminated fields with long-term heavy metal exposure. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 311:137027. [PMID: 36419262 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Reproduction is a significant biological process for organisms responding to environmental stresses, however, little is known about the reproductive strategies of invertebrates under long-term exposure to contaminations. In this study, earthworm Metaphire californica (Kinberg, 1867) from contaminated fields with an increased metal gradient were collected to investigate their reproductive responses. The results showed heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Zn, and Pb) induced histological damage to earthworms' seminal vesicles, including tissue disorders and cavities, and decreases in mature spermatozoa. Sperm morphology analysis indicated deformity rates were up to13.2% (e.g. head swollen or missing) for worms from the most contaminated site, which coincided with DNA damages. Furthermore, the computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA) system was employed for the evaluation of sperm kinetic traits. Results suggested earthworms exposed to higher contamination showed a lower sperm viability rate but faster sperm velocity after re-exposure with Cd solution (like the curvilinear velocity and straight-line velocity paraments) compared with those from relatively clean sites. The activities of lactate dehydrogenase and sorbitol dehydrogenase showed the highest 32.5% and 12.5% up-regulation respectively with the increased metal gradient. In conclusion, this study elucidated the earthworm reproductive toxicity, underlying reproductive compensation, metal stress-induced damages, and adaptive responses caused by heavy metal exposure, while also providing the possibility of sperm trait analysis (CASA) for related earthworm toxicological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caide Huang
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China; Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Maclean Building, Benson Lane, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, Oxon, OX10 8BB, UK
| | - Zhiqiang Shen
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Liang Li
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Shizhong Yue
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, Dezhou University, Dezhou, 253023, China
| | - Li Jia
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut des Sciences de la Terre D'Orleans, Université D'Orleans-Brgm, UMR, 7327, France
| | - Kun Wang
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China; State Key Laboratory of North China Crop and Regulation, College of Resources and Environmental Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China
| | - Wenhao Zhou
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yuhui Qiao
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Organic Farming, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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7
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Swart E, Martell E, Svendsen C, Spurgeon DJ. Soil Ecotoxicology Needs Robust Biomarkers: A Meta-Analysis Approach to Test the Robustness of Gene Expression-Based Biomarkers for Measuring Chemical Exposure Effects in Soil Invertebrates. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2022; 41:2124-2138. [PMID: 35698918 PMCID: PMC9543370 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Gene expression-based biomarkers are regularly proposed as rapid, sensitive, and mechanistically informative tools to identify whether soil invertebrates experience adverse effects due to chemical exposure. However, before biomarkers could be deployed within diagnostic studies, systematic evidence of the robustness of such biomarkers to detect effects is needed. In our study, we present an approach for conducting a meta-analysis of the robustness of gene expression-based biomarkers in soil invertebrates. The approach was developed and trialed for two measurements of gene expression commonly proposed as biomarkers in soil ecotoxicology: earthworm metallothionein (MT) gene expression for metals and earthworm heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) gene expression for organic chemicals. We collected 294 unique gene expression data points from the literature and used linear mixed-effect models to assess concentration, exposure duration, and species effects on the quantified response. The meta-analysis showed that the expression of earthworm MT was strongly metal concentration dependent, stable over time and species independent. The metal concentration-dependent response was strongest for cadmium, indicating that this gene is a suitable biomarker for this metal. For copper, no clear concentration-dependent response of MT gene expression in earthworms was found, indicating MT is not a reliable biomarker for this metal. For HSP70, overall marginal up-regulation and lack of a concentration-dependent response indicated that this gene is not suitable as a biomarker for organic pollutant effects in earthworms. The present study demonstrates how meta-analysis can be used to assess the status of biomarkers. We encourage colleagues to apply this open-access approach to other biomarkers, as such quantitative assessment is a prerequisite to ensuring that the suitability and limitations of proposed biomarkers are known and stated. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:2124-2138. © 2022 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elmer Swart
- UK Centre for Ecology and HydrologyWallingfordUK
| | - Ellie Martell
- United Kingdom Department for EnvironmentFood & Rural AffairsLondonUK
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8
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Zhao W, Teng M, Zhang J, Wang K, Zhang J, Xu Y, Wang C. Insights into the mechanisms of organic pollutant toxicity to earthworms: Advances and perspectives. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 303:119120. [PMID: 35283202 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Earthworms play positive ecological roles in soil formation, structure, and fertility, environmental protection, and terrestrial food chains. For this review, we searched the Web of Science database for articles published from 2011 to 2021 using the keywords "toxic" and "earthworm" and retrieved 632 publications. From the perspective of bibliometric analysis, we conducted a co-occurrence network analysis using the keywords "toxic" and "earthworm" to identify the most and least reported topics. "Eisenia fetida," "bioaccumulation," "heavy metals," "oxidative stress," and "pesticides" were the most common terms, and "microbial community," "bacteria," "PFOS," "bioaugmentation," "potentially toxic elements," "celomic fluid," "neurotoxicity," "joint toxicity," "apoptosis," and "nanoparticles" were uncommon terms. Additionally, in this review we highlight the main routes of organic pollutant entry into soil, and discuss the adverse effects on the soil ecosystem. We then systematically review the mechanisms underlying organic pollutant toxicity to earthworms, including oxidative stress, energy and lipid metabolism disturbances, neurological toxicity, intestinal inflammation and injury, gut microbiota dysbiosis, and reproductive toxicity. We conclude by discussing future research perspectives, focusing on environmentally relevant concentrations and conditions, novel data processing approaches, technologies, and detoxification and mitigation methods. This review has implications for soil management in the context of environmental pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentian Zhao
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Miaomiao Teng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Disease and Pests, Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Kai Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, No. 120 Dongling Road, Shenyang, People's Republic Of China
| | - Jialu Zhang
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yong Xu
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Chengju Wang
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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9
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Xiao R, Ali A, Xu Y, Abdelrahman H, Li R, Lin Y, Bolan N, Shaheen SM, Rinklebe J, Zhang Z. Earthworms as candidates for remediation of potentially toxic elements contaminated soils and mitigating the environmental and human health risks: A review. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 158:106924. [PMID: 34634621 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Global concerns towards potentially toxic elements (PTEs) are steadily increasing due to the significant threats that PTEs pose to human health and environmental quality. This calls for immediate, effective and efficient remediation solutions. Earthworms, the 'ecosystem engineers', can modify and improve soil health and enhance plant productivity. Recently, considerable attention has been paid to the potential of earthworms, alone or combined with other soil organisms and/or soil amendments, to remediate PTEs contaminated soils. However, the use of earthworms in the remediation of PTEs contaminated soil (i.e., vermiremediation) has not been thoroughly reviewed to date. Therefore, this review discusses and provides comprehensive insights into the suitability of earthworms as potential candidates for bioremediation of PTEs contaminated soils and mitigating environmental and human health risks. Specifically, we reviewed and discussed: i) the occurrence and abundance of earthworms in PTEs contaminated soils; ii) the influence of PTEs on earthworm communities in contaminated soils; iii) factors affecting earthworm PTEs accumulation and elimination, and iv) the dynamics and fate of PTEs in earthworm amended soils. The technical feasibility, knowledge gaps, and practical challenges have been worked out and critically discussed. Therefore, this review could provide a reference and guidance for bio-restoration of PTEs contaminated soils and shall also help developing innovative and applicable solutions for controlling PTEs bioavailability for the remediation of contaminated soils and the mitigation of the environment and human risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Xiao
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Amjad Ali
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Yaqiong Xu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Hamada Abdelrahman
- Cairo University, Faculty of Agriculture, Soil Science Department, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Ronghua Li
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Yanbing Lin
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Nanthi Bolan
- School of Agriculture and Environment, Institute of Agriculture, University of Western Australia, Perth WA 6009, Australia
| | - Sabry M Shaheen
- University of Wuppertal, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water- and Waste-Management, Laboratory of Soil- and Groundwater-Management, Pauluskirchstraße 7, 42285 Wuppertal, Germany; King Abdulaziz University, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment, and Arid Land Agriculture, Department of Arid Land Agriculture, 21589 Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; University of Kafrelsheikh, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Soil and Water Sciences, 33516 Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt.
| | - Jörg Rinklebe
- University of Wuppertal, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water- and Waste-Management, Laboratory of Soil- and Groundwater-Management, Pauluskirchstraße 7, 42285 Wuppertal, Germany; Department of Environment, Energy and Geoinformatics, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea.
| | - Zengqiang Zhang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
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10
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Santa-Cruz J, Vasenev II, Gaete H, Peñaloza P, Krutyakov YA, Neaman A. Metal Ecotoxicity Studies with Artificially Contaminated versus Anthropogenically Contaminated Soils: Literature Review, Methodological Pitfalls and Research Priorities. RUSS J ECOL+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1067413621060126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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11
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Urionabarrenetxea E, Garcia-Velasco N, Anza M, Artetxe U, Lacalle R, Garbisu C, Becerril T, Soto M. Application of in situ bioremediation strategies in soils amended with sewage sludges. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 766:144099. [PMID: 33421774 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Increasing soil loss and the scarcity of useful land requires new reusing strategies. Thus, recovery of polluted soils recovery offers a chance for economic and social regeneration. With this objective, different soil cleaning technologies have been developed during the last few decades. On one hand, classical physical and/or chemical technologies can be found which are efficient, but have high costs and impacts upon ecosystems. On the other hand, biological methods (such as phytoremediation, bioremediation and vermiremediation) are relatively cost effective and eco-friendly, but also more time-consuming. These biological methods and their yields have been widely studied but little is known about the interaction between different soil cleaning methods. The combination of different biological strategies could lead to an improvement in remediation performance. Hence, in the present work, different micro-, vermi- and phyto-remediation combinations are applied in a sewage sludge polluted landfill in Gernika-Lumo (Basque Country) which was used as a disposal point for decades, in search of the treatment (single) or combination (dual or triple) of treatments with best remediation yields. Eight experimental groups were applied (n=3) placing earthworms (E), bacteria (B), plants (P), bacteria+earthworms (B+E), bacteria+plants (B+P), plants+earthworms (P+E) plants+bacteria+earthworms (P+B+E) and a non-treated (N.T.) group in the experimental plot (Landfill 17), for 12 months. In order to assess the efficiency of each treatment, a complete characterization (chemical and ecotoxicological) was carried out before and after remediation. Results showed high removal rates for dieldrin (between 50% and 78%) in all the experimental groups. In contrast, removal rates around 20-25% were achieved for heavy metals (Cd 15%-35%; Ni 24%-37%; Pb 15%-33%; Cr 7%-39%) and benzo(a)pyrene (19.5%-28%). The highest reductions were observed in dual (P+E, B+E) and triple (P+B+E) treatments. The best elimination yields were obtained after P+B+E treatment, as highlighted by the battery of ecotoxicological tests and bioassays performed with earthworms, plants and bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Urionabarrenetxea
- Cell Biology in Environmental Toxicology (CBET) Research Group, Dept. Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology & Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology PIE-UPV/EHU, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, E-48080 Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Nerea Garcia-Velasco
- Cell Biology in Environmental Toxicology (CBET) Research Group, Dept. Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology & Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology PIE-UPV/EHU, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, E-48080 Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Mikel Anza
- NEIKER-Basque Institute for Agricultural Research and Development, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Parque Científico y Tecnológico de Bizkaia, P812, E-48160 Derio, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Unai Artetxe
- Ecofisko Research Group, Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), P.O. Box 644, E-48080 Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Rafael Lacalle
- Ecofisko Research Group, Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), P.O. Box 644, E-48080 Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Carlos Garbisu
- NEIKER-Basque Institute for Agricultural Research and Development, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Parque Científico y Tecnológico de Bizkaia, P812, E-48160 Derio, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Txema Becerril
- Ecofisko Research Group, Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), P.O. Box 644, E-48080 Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Manu Soto
- Cell Biology in Environmental Toxicology (CBET) Research Group, Dept. Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology & Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology PIE-UPV/EHU, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, E-48080 Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain.
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12
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Aziz N, Butt A. Enzymatic and non-enzymatic detoxification in Lycosa terrestris and Pardosa birmanica exposed to single and binary mixture of copper and lead. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2020; 80:103500. [PMID: 32950716 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2020.103500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Organisms employ various enzymatic and non-enzymatic detoxification mechanisms to minimize the harmful effects of metal pollution in the terrestrial environment. We examined the effects of copper (Cu), lead (Pb) and their mixture (Cu + Pb) on glutathione (GSH), metallothionein (MTs), cytochrome P450 (CYP 450), carboxylesterase (CarbE), acetylcholinesterase (AchE) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) in Lycosa terrestris and Pardosa birmanica via two exposure routes, i.e., soil and food for 10, 20 and 40 days. The present results revealed that the accumulation of Cu and Pb in both spiders' species increase with exposure duration and depend on the route of exposure and type of metal. The activities of CarbE, GST, and MTs significantly increased with increasing metal body burden for all experimental treatments. The CYP 450 activity exhibited a significant time-dependent decrease with increasing Cu concentration in both species. The AchE activity was significantly inhibited on Pb exposure via soil and Cu + Pb exposure via both routes. The decrease in the level of GSH was measured on Cu + Pb exposure via both routes. Thus, all these enzymatic and non-enzymatic responses are sensitive to the metals tested and could serve as early warning indicators for assessing the effects of metal pollution in these species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nida Aziz
- Department of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Abida Butt
- Department of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.
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13
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Amossé J, Bart S, Brulle F, Tebby C, Beaudouin R, Nélieu S, Lamy I, Péry ARR, Pelosi C. A two years field experiment to assess the impact of two fungicides on earthworm communities and their recovery. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 203:110979. [PMID: 32678758 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Recent EFSA (European Food Safety Authority) reports highlighted that the ecological risk assessment of pesticides needed to go further by taking more into account the impacts of chemicals on biodiversity under field conditions. We assessed the effects of two commercial formulations of fungicides separately and in mixture, i.e., Cuprafor Micro® (containing 500 g kg-1 copper oxychloride) at 4 (C1, corresponding to 3.1 mg kg-1 dry soil of copper) and 40 kg ha-1 (C10), and Swing® Gold (50 g L-1 epoxiconazole EPX and 133 g L-1 dimoxystrobin DMX) at one (D1, 5.81 10-2 and 1.55 10-1 mg kg-1 dry soil of EPX and DMX, respectively) and ten times (D10) the recommended field rate, on earthworms at 1, 6, 12, 18 and 24 months after the application following the international ISO standard no. 11268-3 to determine the effects on earthworms in field situations. The D10 treatment significantly reduced the species diversity (Shannon diversity index, 54% of the control), anecic abundance (29% of the control), and total biomass (49% of the control) over the first 18 months of experiment. The Shannon diversity index also decreased in the mixture treatment (both fungicides at the recommended dose) at 1 and 6 months after the first application (68% of the control at both sampling dates), and in C10 (78% of the control) at 18 months compared with the control. Lumbricus terrestris, Aporrectodea caliginosa, Aporrectodea giardi, Aporrectodea longa, and Allolobophora chlorotica were (in decreasing order) the most sensitive species to the tested fungicides. This study not only addressed field ecotoxicological effects of fungicides at the community level and ecological recovery, but it also pinpointed some methodological weaknesses (e.g., regarding fungicide concentrations in soil and statistics) of the guideline to determine the effects on earthworms in field situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joël Amossé
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR ECOSYS, 78026, Versailles, France
| | - Sylvain Bart
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR ECOSYS, 78026, Versailles, France
| | - Franck Brulle
- Ecotoxicological and Environmental Fate Unit for Pesticides and Fertilisers, Regulated Products Assessment Department, ANSES, 94700, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Cleo Tebby
- Models for Ecotoxicology and Toxicology Unit, INERIS, 60550, Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
| | - Rémy Beaudouin
- Models for Ecotoxicology and Toxicology Unit, INERIS, 60550, Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
| | - Sylvie Nélieu
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR ECOSYS, 78850, Thiverval-Grignon, France
| | - Isabelle Lamy
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR ECOSYS, 78026, Versailles, France
| | - Alexandre R R Péry
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR ECOSYS, 78026, Versailles, France
| | - Céline Pelosi
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR ECOSYS, 78026, Versailles, France; INRAE, Avignon Université, UMR EMMAH, F-84000, Avignon, France.
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14
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Rybak AV, Belykh ES, Maystrenko TA, Shadrin DM, Pylina YI, Chadin IF, Velegzhaninov IO. Genetic analysis in earthworm population from area contaminated with radionuclides and heavy metals. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 723:137920. [PMID: 32213403 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study assessed the effects of environmental contamination by naturally occurring radionuclides and heavy metals on the genetic structure of a population of the earthworm Aporrectodea caliginosa. A. caliginosa were collected from four sites and characterized by amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analyses. No differences in genetic structure and diversity were found between sites that differed greatly in soil contamination levels of radionuclides and metals. However, when the genetic structure of the A. caliginosa population was analyzed without considering information about the sampling site, a complex intraspecific genetic structure was identified. At least three highly divergent lineages were found, in unequal proportions, of each genetically isolated group from each study site. No associations were found between the distribution of the detected genetic clusters and the geographical origin of the samples. Thus, no noticeable adaptive changes or signs of directional selection were detected, despite the long history of genotoxic waste disposal at the sampling site. These results suggest a combined effect of three factors on the genetic structure and diversity of A. caliginosa in soils: the complexity of the contaminant composition, the heterogeneous spatial distribution of the pollutants, and the complexity of the intraspecific genetic structures of A. caliginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna V Rybak
- Institute of Biology of Komi Science Centre of Ural Branch of RAS, Syktyvkar 167982, Russia
| | - Elena S Belykh
- Institute of Biology of Komi Science Centre of Ural Branch of RAS, Syktyvkar 167982, Russia
| | - Tatiana A Maystrenko
- Institute of Biology of Komi Science Centre of Ural Branch of RAS, Syktyvkar 167982, Russia.
| | - Dmitry M Shadrin
- Institute of Biology of Komi Science Centre of Ural Branch of RAS, Syktyvkar 167982, Russia
| | - Yana I Pylina
- Institute of Biology of Komi Science Centre of Ural Branch of RAS, Syktyvkar 167982, Russia
| | - Ivan F Chadin
- Institute of Biology of Komi Science Centre of Ural Branch of RAS, Syktyvkar 167982, Russia.
| | - Ilya O Velegzhaninov
- Institute of Biology of Komi Science Centre of Ural Branch of RAS, Syktyvkar 167982, Russia; Polytechnical Institute of Vyatka State University, Kirov 610020, Russia.
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15
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Audusseau H, Vandenbulcke F, Dume C, Deschins V, Pauwels M, Gigon A, Bagard M, Dupont L. Impacts of metallic trace elements on an earthworm community in an urban wasteland: Emphasis on the bioaccumulation and genetic characteristics in Lumbricus castaneus. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 718:137259. [PMID: 32105923 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Metallic trace elements (MTEs) soil pollution has become a worldwide concern, particularly regarding its impact on earthworms. Earthworms, which constitute the dominant taxon of soil macrofauna in temperate regions and are crucial ecosystem engineers, are in direct contact with MTEs. The impacts of MTE exposure on earthworms, however, vary by species, with some able to cope with high levels of contamination. We combined different approaches to study the effects of MTEs at different levels of biological organisation of an earthworm community, in a contaminated urban wasteland. Our work is based on field collection of soil and earthworm samples, with a total of 891 adult earthworms from 8 species collected, over 87 quadrats across the study plot. We found that MTE concentrations are highly structured at the plot scale and that some elements, such as Pb, Zn, and Cu, are highly correlated. Comparing species assemblage to MTE concentrations, we found that the juvenile and adult abundances, and community composition, were significantly affected by pollution. Along the pollution gradient, as species richness decreased, Lumbricus castaneus became more dominant. We thus investigated the physiological response of this species to a set of specific elements (Pb, Zn, Cu, and Cd) and studied the impacts of MTE concentrations at the plot scale on its population genetic. These analyses revealed that L. castaneus is able to bioaccumulate high quantities of Cd and Zn, but not of Cu and Pb. The population genetic analysis, based on the genotyping of 175 individuals using 8 microsatellite markers, provided no evidence of the role of the heterogeneity in MTE concentrations as a barrier to gene flow. The multidisciplinary approach we used enabled us to reveal the comparatively high tolerance of L. castaneus to MTE concentrations, suggesting that this is a promising model to study the molecular bases of MTE tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Audusseau
- Univ. Paris Est Creteil, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, INRA, IRD, Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris, 94010 Créteil, France; Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology Maclean Building, Benson Lane, Wallingford, Oxon OX10 8BB, UK.
| | - Franck Vandenbulcke
- Université de Lille, EA 4515-LGCgE - Laboratoire Génie Civil et géo-Environnement, Cité scientifique, SN3, F-59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Cassandre Dume
- Univ. Paris Est Creteil, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, INRA, IRD, Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris, 94010 Créteil, France; Université de Lille, EA 4515-LGCgE - Laboratoire Génie Civil et géo-Environnement, Cité scientifique, SN3, F-59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Valentin Deschins
- Univ. Paris Est Creteil, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, INRA, IRD, Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris, 94010 Créteil, France
| | - Maxime Pauwels
- Université de Lille, CNRS, UMR 8198 - Unité Evolution-Ecologie-Paléontologie, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Agnès Gigon
- Univ. Paris Est Creteil, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, INRA, IRD, Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris, 94010 Créteil, France
| | - Matthieu Bagard
- Univ. Paris Est Creteil, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, INRA, IRD, Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris, 94010 Créteil, France
| | - Lise Dupont
- Univ. Paris Est Creteil, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, INRA, IRD, Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris, 94010 Créteil, France
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16
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Wang K, Qiao Y, Li H, Huang C. Use of integrated biomarker response for studying the resistance strategy of the earthworm Metaphire californica in Cd-contaminated field soils in Hunan Province, South China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 260:114056. [PMID: 32041026 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Research was conducted to study the response and detoxification mechanisms of earthworms collected from Cd-contaminated areas in Hunan Province, South China. Metaphire californica, the dominant earthworm species in fields, referred as earthworm-A and -B that collected from low- (0.81 mg kg-1) and high-Cd soil (13.3 mg kg-1), respectively, for exchanging incubation in laboratory. The results showed that earthworm-A gradually accumulated higher Cd when exposed in the high-Cd soil, whereas Cd concentration of earthworm-B decreased after being transferred to low-Cd soil (albeit BAFCd >20). The integrated biomarker response index was calculated with the biomarkers of antioxidant systems (e.g., superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione-S transferase (GST), and malondialdehyde (MDA)) and energy index (e.g., protein and glycogen) in M. californica. GSH, GPx, and GST contributed the most to the integrated biomarker response (IBR) in earthworm-A when exposed in high-Cd soil for 14 d. Earthworm-B responded with higher GST and GPx activities and decreased protein content in low-Cd soil. For 28 d, the response of earthworm-A was not evident in either low- or high-Cd soil, and the inductive effect of metal stress on earthworm-B tended to be stable, except for the higher MDA content (p < 0.05) when exposed in low-Cd soil. The IBR index of earthworm-B (2.93 and 3.40) in low- and high-Cd soil, respectively, was higher than that of earthworm-A (0.89 and 1.0). Overall, earthworm-A exhibited a detoxification process to resist high-Cd toxicity from low-to high-Cd soil. Earthworm-B exhibited a physiological resilience once its habitat had changed to a normal or low-Cd soil environment, possibly owing to the cost of its resistance adaptation to the historical highly contaminated soil in fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Wang
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China; College of Resources and Environmental Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China
| | - Yuhui Qiao
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Huafen Li
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Caide Huang
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
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17
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Santana NA, Ferreira PAA, Tarouco CP, Schardong IS, Antoniolli ZI, Nicoloso FT, Jacques RJS. Earthworms and mycorrhization increase copper phytoextraction by Canavalia ensiformis in sandy soil. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 182:109383. [PMID: 31260919 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Phytoremediation is an alternative for remediating soil contamination by copper, and its efficiency has been shown to increase when arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and earthworms are separately inoculated into the soil. This study evaluated the isolated and combined effects of inoculating earthworms and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi into a sandy soil on copper phytoremediation by Canavalia ensiformis. The plants were grown in a greenhouse in soil contaminated with 100 mg Cu kg-1 with and without being inoculated with the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Rhizoglomus clarum and the earthworm Eisenia andrei. The availabilities of solid-phase Cu and other nutrients in the soil solution and plant growth were evaluated along with Cu phytotoxicity based on photochemical efficiency and oxidative stress enzyme activity. Accumulation of Cu and other nutrients in the shoots and roots; mycorrhizal colonization, nodulation, and reproduction; and Cu accumulation in the earthworm tissues were also evaluated. The copper caused photosynthetic and biochemical damage that reduced the shoot dry weight by 44% and the root dry weight by 29%. However, the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus alleviated the Cu toxicity to the plant and increased the shoot dry weight by 81% in the contaminated soil. The earthworms increased the Cu uptake and translocation to the shoot by 31%. The combined presence of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus and earthworms in the contaminated soil increased the growth and Cu content of the aerial plant tissues, yielding a 200% increase in Cu accumulation (metal content × biomass) in the C. ensiformis shoots. Combined inoculation with earthworms and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi increased copper phytoextraction by Canavalia ensiformis in a sandy soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natielo Almeida Santana
- Federal University of Santa Maria, Department of Soil Science, 97119-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Zaida Inês Antoniolli
- Federal University of Santa Maria, Department of Soil Science, 97119-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
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18
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Bart S, Barraud A, Amossé J, Péry ARR, Mougin C, Pelosi C. Effects of two common fungicides on the reproduction of Aporrectodea caliginosa in natural soil. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 181:518-524. [PMID: 31234066 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.06.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The use of pesticides in agroecosystems can have negative effects on earthworms, which play key roles in soil functioning such as organic matter decomposition. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of two fungicides (Cuprafor micro®, composed of copper oxychloride, and Swing Gold®, composed of epoxiconazole (EPX) and dimoxystrobin (DMX)) on earthworm reproduction by exposing adults and cocoons. First, adult Aporrectodea caliginosa individuals were exposed for 28 days to 3.33, 10 and 30 times the recommended dose (RD) of Cuprafor micro® corresponding to 25.8, 77.5 and 232.5 mg kg-1 dry soil of copper, respectively, and 0.33, 1 and 3 times the RD of Swing Gold® (corresponding to 5.2 × 10-2 mg DMX kg-1 + 1.94 × 10-2 mg EPX kg-1, 1.55 × 10-1 mg DMX kg-1 + 5.81 × 10-2 mg EPX kg-1 and 4.62 × 10-1 mg DMX kg-1 + 1.74 × 10-1 mg EPX kg-1 respectively), in addition to a control soil with no fungicide treatment. Cocoon variables (production, weight, hatching success, hatching time) were monitored. Second, "naïve" cocoons produced by uncontaminated earthworms were exposed to soils contaminated by the same concentrations of the two fungicides, and we assessed hatching success and hatching time. In the first experiment, cocoon production was halved at the highest copper concentration (232.5 mg Cu kg-1 of dry soil) as compared to the control. Cocoons took 5 more days to hatch, and the hatching success decreased by 35% as compared to the control. In the Swing Gold® treatments, cocoon production was reduced by 63% at 3 times the RD, and the hatching success significantly decreased by 16% at the RD. In the second experiment, only the hatching success of cocoons was impacted by Swing Gold® at 3 times the RD (30% less hatching). It is concluded that the cocoon stock in the soil is crucial for the renewal of populations in the field. The most sensitive endpoint was the hatching success of the cocoons produced by exposed adults. This endpoint and the effects observed on the "naïve" cocoons could be taken into account in pesticide risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Bart
- UMR ECOSYS, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78026, Versailles, France.
| | - Alexandre Barraud
- UMR ECOSYS, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78026, Versailles, France
| | - Joël Amossé
- UMR ECOSYS, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78026, Versailles, France
| | - Alexandre R R Péry
- UMR ECOSYS, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78026, Versailles, France
| | - Christian Mougin
- UMR ECOSYS, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78026, Versailles, France
| | - Céline Pelosi
- UMR ECOSYS, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78026, Versailles, France
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Dongxing Z, Yucui N, Congmin J, Liyan L, Xiaoli P, Xu C. Correlation of the oxidative stress indices and Cd exposure using a mathematical model in the earthworm, Eisenia fetida. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 216:157-167. [PMID: 30366269 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.10.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
With the increase in heavy metal pollution, it is of great significance to evaluate the ecological security and early warning of cadmium (Cd) contaminated soil. In this paper, a mathematical model was established for the first time by combining the advantages of the factor analysis method and the analytic hierarchy process, and was used to screen and analyze the ecological indices of oxidative stress in earthworms under Cd exposure. The experiment lasted for 40 days, removing one earthworm every 10 days. The Cd2+ concentration gradient was set at 0, 1, 10, 20, 100, 200, 400 and 800 mg kg-1. The ecological indices measured were total protein (TP), peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), catalase (CAT), acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. The results showed that when the earthworm was exposed to Cd2+ for 10 days and 30 days, in the head tissues, the key indices to focus on for monitoring were both POD. At 20 days and 40 days, the key indices were both TP. For the tail tissue tests, under Cd exposure for 10 days, the key indicator focused on for monitoring was MDA. After 20 days of exposure, the key monitoring indicator was AChE. At 30 days, it was CAT, and at 40 days, it was TP. This study provides a theoretical basis for the prompt, inexpensive, accurate and scientific early warning of metal contaminated soils and establishes a foundation for application of the screening model for other ecological indicators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Dongxing
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
| | - Ning Yucui
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Jin Congmin
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Liu Liyan
- Publicity and United Front Work Department, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
| | - Pan Xiaoli
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China; College of Physics Science and Engineering, Yulin Normal University, Yulin, 537000, China
| | - Cao Xu
- Institute of Microbiology, Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, Harbin, 150030, China
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Wang K, Qiao Y, Li H, Zhang H, Yue S, Ji X, Liu L. Structural equation model of the relationship between metals in contaminated soil and in earthworm (Metaphire californica) in Hunan Province, subtropical China. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 156:443-451. [PMID: 29605664 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Earthworms have the ability to take up heavy metals in soil and partition them in different subcellular compartments. In this study, we used a structural equation model (SEM) to investigate the two-step causal relationship between environmental availability (EA) and environmental bioavailability (EB) of heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Zn, and Pb), as reflected by their levels in soil fractions and in earthworms from field-contaminated areas in Southern China. In the SEM, the correlation between EA and EB reflected the bioavailability of Cd, Zn, and Pb. For Cd, the causal relationship between the latent variables EA and EB was reflected by DTPA fractions in soil as well as by earthworm internal and subcellular cytosol fractions. The extractable and oxidizable fractions of Zn in soil influenced Zn concentrations in the cytosol and debris. The DTPA and reducible Pb fractions were bioavailable to earthworm internal Pb concentrations and those in cytosol fractions. These results implied that the DTPA, extractable, oxidizable, or reducible fractions of different metals could be the bioavailable sources to earthworm internal metals and partitioned in their subcellular compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Wang
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yuhui Qiao
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Huafen Li
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Huiqi Zhang
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shizhong Yue
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xionghui Ji
- Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Longsheng Liu
- Hengyang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hengyang 421151, China
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