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Shah R, Khan RS, Jan AU, Ullah S, Ditta A, Islam Z, Ullah R, Ullah R, Soufan W, Almutairi KF, Rajendran K, Elango D, El Sabagh A. Plant Growth Regulators with a Balanced Supply of Nutrients Enhance the Phytoextraction Efficiency of Parthenium hysterophorus for Cadmium in Contaminated Soil. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:18940-18950. [PMID: 37273635 PMCID: PMC10233834 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c01429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal contamination in soil, such as cadmium (Cd), poses a serious threat to global food security and human health. It must be managed using environmentally friendly and cost-effective technologies. Plants with high resistance to Cd stress and high biomass production could be potential candidates for the phytoremediation of Cd-contaminated soils to improve Cd phytoextraction. In this regard, the present study was carried out to determine the effect of gibberellic acid (GA3), indole acetic acid (IAA), and fertilizers (N, P, and K) on Parthenium hysterophorus growth and biomass production as well as Cd phytoextraction capabilities. A pot experiment was conducted with various combinations of PGRs and fertilizers, with treatments arranged in five replicates using a completely randomized design. After harvesting, each plant was divided into various parts such as stems, roots, and leaves, and different growth, physiological, and biochemical parameters were recorded. Results showed that under Cd stress, growth, physiological, and biochemical parameters were all significantly decreased. With the combined application of plant growth regulators (GA3 and IAA) and nutrients, Cd stress was alleviated and all parameters significantly improved. In comparison to the control treatment, the combined application of N + P + K + GA3 + IAA resulted in the highest fresh and dry biomass production of the root (12.31 and 5.11 g pot-1), shoot (19. 69 and 6.99 g pot-1), leaves (16.56 and 7.09 g pot-1), and entire plant (48.56 and 19.19 g pot-1). Similarly, the same treatment resulted in higher chlorophyll a and b and total chlorophyll contents under Cd stress, which were 2.19, 2.03, and 3.21 times higher than the control, which was Cd stress without any treatment. The combination of N + P + K + GA3 + IAA also resulted in the highest proline and phenolic contents. In the case of different enzyme activities, the combined application of N + P + K + GA3 + IAA under Cd stress led to a high increase in catalase (2.5 times), superoxide (3.5 times), and peroxidase (3.7 times) compared to the control. With the combined application of N+ P+ K + GA3 + IAA, the maximum values of BCF (8.25), BAC (2.6), and RF (5.14%) were measured for phytoextraction potential. On the basis of these findings, it is concluded that P. hysterophorus has a high potential to grow, produce the most biomass, and act as a Cd hyperaccumulator in Cd-contaminated soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rehan Shah
- Department
of Biotechnology, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, KPK 23200, Pakistan
| | - Raham Sher Khan
- Department
of Biotechnology, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, KPK 23200, Pakistan
| | - Amin Ullah Jan
- Department
of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Shaheed
Benazir Bhutto University Sheringal, Dir Upper, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 18000, Pakistan
| | - Sadeeq Ullah
- School
of Environment and Civil Engineering, Dongguan
University of Technology, Dongguan 523820, China
| | - Allah Ditta
- Department
of Environmental Sciences, Shaheed Benazir
Bhutto University Sheringal, Dir Upper, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 18000, Pakistan
- School
of Biological Sciences, The University of
Western Australia, 35
Stirling Highway, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Ziaul Islam
- Department
of Animal Sciences, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto
University Sheringal, Dir Upper, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 18000, Pakistan
| | - Rahim Ullah
- Department
of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Shaheed
Benazir Bhutto University Sheringal, Dir Upper, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 18000, Pakistan
| | - Raza Ullah
- Laboratory
of Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina 27402-6170, United
States
| | - Walid Soufan
- Plant
Production Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid F. Almutairi
- Plant
Production Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Karthika Rajendran
- VIT
School of Agricultural Innovations and Advanced Learning (VAIAL), Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Dinakaran Elango
- Department
of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011-2140, United States
| | - Ayman El Sabagh
- Department
of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh
University, Kafr al-Sheik First, 33511, Egypt
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Qin H, Wang Z. Biogeochemistry of Dominant Plants and Soils in Shewushan Gold Lateritic Deposit, China. PLANTS 2021; 11:plants11010038. [PMID: 35009041 PMCID: PMC8747375 DOI: 10.3390/plants11010038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes the effect of mineral elements on dominant plants in the Shewushan lateritic gold deposit, China. For this purpose, 30 soil profile samples at different depths and 3 kinds of dominant plants including Populus canadensis (Populus X canadensis Moench), Cinnamomun camphora (Cinnamomum camphora (L.) Presl.) and Rhus chinensis (Rhus chinensis Mill.) were collected. The concentration of ore-forming elements including Au, Ag, Pb, Zn, Cu, As, Fe, and S were analyzed. Based on the investigation of two mine profiles, it can be found that Au, Pb, As, and Fe were mainly enriched in laterite layer and the brown clay layer at a depth of 5–11 m. Moreover, the biological accumulate coefficient (BAC) and the contrast coefficient (CM) were calculated to assess the sensitivity and concentrating ability of Populus canadensis and Cinnamomun camphora. To investigate the response of the two species to metal stress, the contents of chlorophyll, malondialdehyde (MDA), and activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) were determined. The result showed that Populus canadensis and Cinnamomun camphora have a high tolerance to metal stress and that both of the two species can indicate the content of Au, As, Pb, and Co in topsoil.
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An S, Liu X, Wen B, Li X, Qi P, Zhang K. Comparison of the Photosynthetic Capacity of Phragmites australis in Five Habitats in Saline‒Alkaline Wetlands. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9101317. [PMID: 33036187 PMCID: PMC7600274 DOI: 10.3390/plants9101317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Water shortages have an important impact on the photosynthetic capacity of Phragmites australis. However, this impact has not been adequately studied from the perspective of photosynthesis. An in-depth study of the photosynthetic process can help in better understanding the impact of water shortages on the photosynthetic capacity of P. australis, especially on the microscale. The aim of this study is to explore the photosynthetic adaptation strategies to environmental changes in saline‒alkaline wetlands. The light response curves and CO2 response curves of P. australis in five habitats (hygrophilous, xerophytic, psammophytic, abandoned farmland, paddy field drainage) in saline‒alkaline wetlands were measured at different stages of their life history, and we used a nonrectangular hyperbolic model to fit the data. It was concluded that P. australis utilized coping strategies that differed between the growing and breeding seasons. P. australis in abandoned farmland during the growing season had the highest apparent quantum efficiency (AQE) and photosynthetic utilization efficiency for weak light because of the dark environment. The dark respiration rate of P. australis in the drainage area of paddy fields was the lowest, and it had the highest values for photorespiration rate, maximum photosynthetic rate (Pmax), photosynthetic capacity (Pa), biomass, maximum carboxylation rate (Vcmax), and maximum electron transfer rate (Jmax). The light insensitivity of P. australis increased with the transition from growing to breeding season, and the dark respiration rate also showed a downward trend. Moreover, Vcmax and Jmax would decline when Pmax and Pa showed a declining trend, and vice versa. In other words, Vcmax and Jmax could explain changes in the photosynthetic capacity to some extent. These findings contribute to providing insights that Vcmax and Jmax can directly reflect the variation in photosynthetic capacity of P. australis under water shortages in saline‒alkaline wetlands and in other parts of world where there are problems with similarly harmful environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subang An
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China; (S.A.); (B.W.); (X.L.); (P.Q.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xingtu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China; (S.A.); (B.W.); (X.L.); (P.Q.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-136-7430-4616
| | - Bolong Wen
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China; (S.A.); (B.W.); (X.L.); (P.Q.)
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China; (S.A.); (B.W.); (X.L.); (P.Q.)
| | - Peng Qi
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China; (S.A.); (B.W.); (X.L.); (P.Q.)
| | - Kun Zhang
- College of Wetland Science, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China;
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Zhang Q, Yan Z, Li X. Ferrous iron facilitates the formation of iron plaque and enhances the tolerance of Spartina alterniflora to artificial sewage stress. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2020; 157:111379. [PMID: 32658718 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The ferrous iron (Fe2+) facilitates the formation of root Fe plaque of wetland plants, but its effect on the tolerance of wetland plants to artificial sewage stress has been seldom reported. In this study, the influences of Fe2+ on the formation of Fe plaque and its effects on the tolerance of Spartina alterniflora to artificial sewage stress were investigated. The artificial sewage stress decreased the plant height and chlorophyll content and significantly increased the MDA content in leaves. The symptoms of these stresses were alleviated with increasing Fe2+ concentration accompanied by significant increase in leaf alcohol dehydrogenase activity. The increase of Fe2+ concentration significantly increased the root Fe plaque content and reduced the accumulation of toxic metals in leaves of S. alterniflora. These results support our hypothesis that the exogenous Fe2+ supply may enhance the stress resistance of S. alterniflora to artificial sewage containing heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiqiong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China; Yangtze Delta Estuarine Wetland Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Ministry of Education & Shanghai Science and Technology Committee, China
| | - Zhongzheng Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China; Yangtze Delta Estuarine Wetland Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Ministry of Education & Shanghai Science and Technology Committee, China.
| | - Xiuzhen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China; Yangtze Delta Estuarine Wetland Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Ministry of Education & Shanghai Science and Technology Committee, China
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Chen H, Yang X, Wang H, Sarkar B, Shaheen SM, Gielen G, Bolan N, Guo J, Che L, Sun H, Rinklebe J. Animal carcass- and wood-derived biochars improved nutrient bioavailability, enzyme activity, and plant growth in metal-phthalic acid ester co-contaminated soils: A trial for reclamation and improvement of degraded soils. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 261:110246. [PMID: 32148312 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Reclamation of degraded soils such as those with low organic carbon content and soils co-contaminated with toxic elements and phthalic acid esters (PAEs) is of great concern. Little is known about the efficiency of plant- and animal-derived biochars for improving plant growth and physicochemical and biological properties of co-contaminated soils, particularly under low content of organic matter. Hence, a pot trial was carried out by growing pak choi (Brassica chinensis L.) to assess the influence of different doses (0, 0.5, 1, 2, and 4%) of animal (pig carcass) and wood (Platanus orientalis) derived biochars on soil properties, nutrient availabilities, plant growth, and soil enzyme activities in two soils containing low (LOC) and high (HOC) organic carbon contents and co-contaminated with di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalic acid (DEHP) and cadmium (Cd). Biochar applications improved pH, salinity, carbon content, and cation exchange capacity of both soils. Addition of biochars significantly increased the bioavailability and uptake of phosphorus and potassium in the plants in both soils with greater effects from pig biochar than wood biochar. Biochar additions also significantly enhanced urease, sucrase, and catalase activities, but suppressed acid phosphatase activity in both soils. The impact of pig biochar was stronger on urease and acid phosphatase, while the wood biochar was more effective with sucrase and catalase activities. The biomass yield of pak choi was significantly increased after biochar addition to both soils, especially in 2% pig biochar treatment in the LOC soil. The positive response of soil enzymes activities and plant growth for biochar addition to the Cd and DEHP co-contaminated soils indicate that both biochars, particularly the pig biochar can mitigate the risk of these pollutants and prove to be eco-friendly and low-cost amendments for reclaiming these degraded soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanbo Chen
- Biochar Engineering Technology Research Center of Guangdong Province, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong, 528000, China
| | - Xing Yang
- Biochar Engineering Technology Research Center of Guangdong Province, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong, 528000, China; University of Wuppertal, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water- and Waste Management, Laboratory of Soil- and Groundwater-Management, Pauluskirchstraße 7, 42285, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Hailong Wang
- Biochar Engineering Technology Research Center of Guangdong Province, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong, 528000, China; Key Laboratory of Soil Contamination Bioremediation of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311300, China.
| | - Binoy Sarkar
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - Sabry M Shaheen
- University of Wuppertal, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water- and Waste Management, Laboratory of Soil- and Groundwater-Management, Pauluskirchstraße 7, 42285, Wuppertal, Germany; King Abdulaziz University, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment, and Arid Land Agriculture, Department of Arid Land Agriculture, 21589, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; University of Kafrelsheikh, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Soil and Water Sciences, 33 516, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
| | - Gerty Gielen
- Scion, Private Bag 3020, Rotorua, 3046, New Zealand
| | - Nanthi Bolan
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Jia Guo
- Chengbang Eco-Environment Co. Ltd, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310008, China
| | - Lei Che
- School of Engineering, Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang 313000, China
| | - Huili Sun
- Key Laboratory of Marine Bio-resources Sustainable Utilization, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510301, China
| | - Jörg Rinklebe
- University of Wuppertal, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water- and Waste Management, Laboratory of Soil- and Groundwater-Management, Pauluskirchstraße 7, 42285, Wuppertal, Germany; University of Sejong, Department of Environment, Energy and Geoinformatics, 98 Gunja-Dong, Guangjin-Gu, Seoul, South Korea
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Yang Y, Zhang L, Huang X, Zhou Y, Quan Q, Li Y, Zhu X. Response of photosynthesis to different concentrations of heavy metals in Davidia involucrata. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0228563. [PMID: 32176700 PMCID: PMC7075629 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) are highly toxic and are widespread in agricultural soils, representing risks to plant and human health. In this study, Davidia involucrata was cultivated in soil with different concentrations of Pb and Cd and sampled after 90 days. We used ANOVA to analyse the photosynthesis of D. involucrata and the ability of Pb and Cd to enrich and migrate in roots, stems and leaves. Various results are described here. 1) Under individual and combined Pb and Cd stress, the accumulation factors in the roots were greater than 1, which was significantly greater than those in the stems and leaves (P < 0.05), and the translocation factors both were less than 1. The Pb and Cd enrichment ability of D. involucrata roots was significantly higher than that of stems and leaves, and the migration ability of the two heavy metals in D. involucrata was weak. 2) The Mg-dechelatase activities of chlorophyll degradation products increased under stress due to high concentrations of Pb and Cd. However, chlorophyllase activity was higher at relatively low concentrations of the two heavy metals (P < 0.05). δ-Aminolevulinic acid and porphobilinogen of chlorophyll synthesis products are easily converted to uroporphyrinogen III under low concentrations of Cd, which promotes the synthesis of chlorophyll. 3) The effect of Cd stress alone on the chlorophyll concentration was not significant. Under combined stress, concentrations of Pb and Cd in the range of 400~800 mg·kg-1 and 5~20 mg·kg-1 significantly promoted an increase in photosynthetic pigments (P < 0.05). 4) Inhibition of the net photosynthetic rate increased with increasing Pb and Cd concentrations under both individual and combined stress. In addition, the root of D. involucrata had a strong absorption and fixation effect on heavy metals, thereby reducing metal toxicity and improving the tolerance of D. involucrata to heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yang
- College of Environment Science and Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong, China
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, China West Normal University, Nanchong, China
| | - Liuqing Zhang
- College of Environment Science and Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong, China
| | - Xing Huang
- College of Environment Science and Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong, China
| | - Yiyang Zhou
- College of Environment Science and Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong, China
| | - Qiumei Quan
- College of Environment Science and Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong, China
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, China West Normal University, Nanchong, China
| | - Yunxiang Li
- College of Environment Science and Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong, China
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, China West Normal University, Nanchong, China
| | - Xiaohua Zhu
- College of Environment Science and Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong, China
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, China West Normal University, Nanchong, China
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Zhang Y, Ji H. Physiological responses and accumulation characteristics of turfgrasses exposed to potentially toxic elements. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 246:796-807. [PMID: 31228693 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The tolerance and enrichment of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in plants are the most important basis of phytoremediation technology for mining area soils. The aim of this research was to study PTEs tolerance, translocation and accumulation differences in three turfgrass species and the biochemical changes of plants and soils. Three turfgrass species were cultured on soils contaminated by single and compound PTEs. Pb, Zn, Cd and As concentrations and biochemical indicators in plant (root and shoot) and soil were determined. Moreover, the microbial communities in rhizosphere soil were analyzed. The studied plants showed strong tolerance and high enrichment ability to Pb, Zn, Cd and As in soil under different PTE concentration gradient stress. Festuca arundinacea had the strongest tolerance to PTEs, whereas Medicago sativa L. had the best tolerance to PTEs. Among all the measured growth or biochemical indicators, the relative growth rate and enzymatic activity of Orychophragmus violaceus were most sensitive to stress. The bioconcentration and translocation factors of Medicago sativa L. for Cd were 1.60 and 1.17, respectively, indicating that it was the most suitable plant for extracting Cd. Compared with other plants, Festuca arundinacea had the most significant effect on soil environment improvement, increasing the soil enzyme activities and microbial community after phytoremediation. This study indicates that Medicago sativa L. can be a potential phytoextraction plant to remove Cd, whereas Festuca arundinacea is more suitable as a cover plant to prevent the dispersion of contaminants in polluted soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollution, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Hongbing Ji
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollution, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China; Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Resource Environment and GIS, College of Resource Environment and Tourism, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China.
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Chen H, Yang X, Gielen G, Mandal S, Xu S, Guo J, Shaheen SM, Rinklebe J, Che L, Wang H. Effect of biochars on the bioavailability of cadmium and di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate to Brassica chinensis L. in contaminated soils. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 678:43-52. [PMID: 31075602 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.04.417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Soil co-contamination of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) and phthalate esters has become prominent due to its potential adverse effect on human food supply. There is limited information on using wood- and animal-derived biochars for the remediation of co-contaminated soils. Therefore, a pot experiment was conducted using Brassica chinensis L. as a bio-indicator plant to investigate the effect of P. orientalis biochar and pig biochar application on the bioavailability of cadmium (Cd) and di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and on plant physiological parameters (malondialdehyde, proline and soluble sugars). Biochar materials were applied to two soils containing low (LOC) and high (HOC) organic carbon content at rates of 0, 0.5, 1, 2, and 4%. To better understand the influence of biochar, physicochemical properties and X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS), Fourier transform-infrared spectrometry (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were characterized. Biochar application increased soil pH, organic carbon content, and available phosphorus content. Increasing biochar application rates decreased DTPA-extractable Cd and extractable DEHP concentrations in both soils. Biochar application reduced the plant uptake of both Cd and DEHP from co-contaminated soils; the maximum reduction of Cd (92.7%) and DEHP (52.0%) was observed in 2% pig biochar-treated LOC soil. The responses of plant physiological parameters to increased biochar applications indicated that less Cd and DEHP were taken up by plants. Pig biochar was more effective (P < 0.05) at reducing the bioavailability of Cd and DEHP in both soils than P. orientalis biochar; therefore, pig biochar had greater potential for improving the quality of the crop. However, the highest application rate (4%) of pig biochar restricted plant seed germination. Key factors influencing the bioavailability of Cd and DEHP in soils were soil organic carbon content, biochar properties (such as surface alkalinity, available phosphorus content and ash content) and biochar application rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanbo Chen
- Key Laboratory of Soil Contamination Bioremediation of Zhejiang Province, School of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Xing Yang
- Biochar Engineering Technology Research Center of Guangdong Province, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong 528000, China; University of Wuppertal, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water- and Waste-Management, Laboratory of Soil- and Groundwater-Management, Pauluskirchstraße 7, 42285 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Gerty Gielen
- Scion, Private Bag 3020, Rotorua 3046, New Zealand
| | - Sanchita Mandal
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK; Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095. Australia
| | - Song Xu
- Biochar Engineering Technology Research Center of Guangdong Province, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong 528000, China
| | - Jia Guo
- Chengbang Eco-Environment Co. Ltd, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310008, China
| | - Sabry M Shaheen
- University of Wuppertal, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water- and Waste-Management, Laboratory of Soil- and Groundwater-Management, Pauluskirchstraße 7, 42285 Wuppertal, Germany; King Abdulaziz University, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment, and Arid Land Agriculture, Department of Arid Land Agriculture, 21589 Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; University of Kafrelsheikh, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Soil and Water Sciences, 33516 Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
| | - Jörg Rinklebe
- University of Wuppertal, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water- and Waste-Management, Laboratory of Soil- and Groundwater-Management, Pauluskirchstraße 7, 42285 Wuppertal, Germany; University of Sejong, Department of Environment, Energy and Geoinformatics, 98 Gunja-Dong, Guangjin-Gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Lei Che
- School of Engineering, Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang 313000, China
| | - Hailong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Contamination Bioremediation of Zhejiang Province, School of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China; Biochar Engineering Technology Research Center of Guangdong Province, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong 528000, China.
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Zhang Q, Yan Z, Li X, Xu Y, Sun X, Liang Q. Formation of iron plaque in the roots of Spartina alterniflora and its effect on the immobilization of wastewater-borne pollutants. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 168:212-220. [PMID: 30388539 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.10.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Iron plaque (IP) plays an important role in the absorption of heavy metals (HMs) and nutrients in wetland plants. The present study aims to investigate the effect of IP in Spartina alterniflora on the immobilization of wastewater borne HMs and nutrients. The physiological responses and effect of IP formation on the uptake of HMs, nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) were studied in S. alterniflora subjected to different synthetic wastewater (SW) levels and waterlogging durations. Results showed that IP formed in roots of S. alterniflora increased significantly with increasing SW concentration but decreased under prolonged waterlogging. Increasing the waterlogging time enhanced the alcohol dehydrogenase activity and the ethylene content in the roots of S. alterniflora. HMs including Cu, Pb, and Cr, did not significantly accumulate in the IP, despite that the IP content increased with the increasing of SW levels. The SEM-EDX analysis revealed that IP formed on the surface of S. alterniflora did absorb HMs such as Cu, Zn, and Cr. At a fixed level of SW, the amount of HMs that accumulated in the DCB extract was substantially proportional to the IP concentration in the root. Increasing of the SW level enhanced the accumulation of P in the leaves and roots of S. alterniflora. In conclusion, IP formed on S. alterniflora helped immobilize SW pollutants, including HMs and P, and the formation of IP and its effect on pollutant immobilization were influenced by the waterlogging conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiqiong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Researches, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhongzheng Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Researches, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xiuzhen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Researches, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Researches, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangli Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Researches, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiuyao Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Researches, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
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Huang M, Ai H, Xu X, Chen K, Niu H, Zhu H, Sun J, Du D, Chen L. Nitric oxide alleviates toxicity of hexavalent chromium on tall fescue and improves performance of photosystem II. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 164:32-40. [PMID: 30096601 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.07.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/28/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb) was widely studied for phytoremediation of organic or heavy metal contaminated soils. However, there is still little information concerning toxicity of chromium (Cr) to tall fescue and roles of nitric oxide (NO) in plants against Cr(VI) stress. In this study, different Cr(VI) treatments (0, 1, 5 and 10 mg/L Cr(VI)) and NO treatments were applied with different combinations in hydroponics culture and their interactions to tall fescue were studied. Specifically, 100 µM sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and 100 µM NG-nitro-L-arginine-methyl ester (L-NAME) treatments were used to apply exogenous NO or inhibit synthesis of NO respectively. Our results showed that tall fescue exhibits comparable Cr(VI) tolerance as wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Additionally, Cr(VI) accumulation in tall fescue leaves were carefully studied and discussed. Moreover, we observed the significantly increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) contents of tall fescue when subjected to Cr(VI) stress, as well as decreased photosynthetic activities induced by Cr(VI) stress by methods of chlorophyll a fluorescence transient, slow chlorophyll fluorescence kinetics and rapid light response curves. Decreased behaviors of photosynthetic activities may due to destruction of antennae pigments by Cr(VI), ROS burst induced by Cr(VI), and down regulation of photosystem II (PSII) by non-photochemical quenching to avoid over reduction of quinone A, which could be considered as an important strategy to cope with Cr(VI) stress. Meanwhile, exogenous NO treatment improves overall physiological and photosynthetic behaviors of tall fescue against Cr(VI) stress. Moreover, increased translocation factors and improved Cr(VI) tolerance of plants under exogenous NO treatment suggest that SNP treatment could be a useful application for Cr phytoremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiyu Huang
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Honglian Ai
- College of Pharmacy, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Xiaoxiang Xu
- Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Ke Chen
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, PR China.
| | - Hong Niu
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Huihui Zhu
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Jie Sun
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Dongyun Du
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Liang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, The Chinese Academy of Science, Wuhan, PR China
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Wang J, Zhong X, Zhu K, Lv J, Lv X, Li F, Shi Z. Reactive oxygen species, antioxidant enzyme activity, and gene expression patterns in a pair of nearly isogenic lines of nicosulfuron-exposed waxy maize (Zea mays L.). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:19012-19027. [PMID: 29721793 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2105-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Nicosulfuron is a post-emergence herbicide used for weed control in maize fields (Zea mays L.). Here, the pair of nearly isogenic inbred lines SN509-R (nicosulfuron resistant) and SN509-S (nicosulfuron sensitive) was used to study the effect of nicosulfuron on growth, oxidative stress, and the activity and gene expression of antioxidant enzymes in waxy maize seedlings. Nicosulfuron treatment was applied at the five-leaf stage and water treatment was used as control. After nicosulfuron treatment, the death of SN509-S might be associated with increased oxidative stress. Compared with SN509-R, higher O2·- and H2O2 accumulations were observed in SN509-S, which can severely damage lipids and proteins, thus reducing membrane stability. The effects were exacerbated with extended exposure time. Both O2·- and H2O2 detoxification is regulated by enzymes. After nicosulfuron treatment, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, ascorbate peroxidase (APX), monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR), glutathione reductase (GR), and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) of SN509-S were significantly lower than those of SN509-R. Compared to SN509-R, ascorbate content (AA), glutathione (GSH) content, GSH to glutathione disulfide ratios, and AA to dehydroascorbate ratios significantly declined with increasing exposure time in SN509-S. Compared to SN509-S, nicosulfuron treatment increased the transcript levels of most of the APX genes except for APX1, and in contrast to Gst1, upregulated the transcription of sod9, MDHAR, DHAR, and GR genes in SN509-R. These results suggest that on a transcription level and in accordance with their responses, detoxifying enzymes play a vital role in the O2·- and H2O2 detoxification of maize seedlings under nicosulfuron exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wang
- Department of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuemei Zhong
- Department of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Kangning Zhu
- Department of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingbo Lv
- Department of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangling Lv
- Department of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Fenghai Li
- Department of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhensheng Shi
- Department of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.
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