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Ryoo S, Ro HM. Soil pollution identification and human health risk assessment of soil heavy metals in an abandoned mine area in the Republic of Korea. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2024:1-20. [PMID: 39206867 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2024.2394622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
In this study, the Geo-accumulation index (Igeo), Human Health Risk Assessment (HRA), and Ecological Risk Index (ERI) were utilized to examine the risks associated with the soils at the DaeyangYeongseong mine. Brassica juncea and Raphanus sativus were employed in the ecological toxicity test. In all soil samples, the mean Igeo value of arsenic measured 3.15, and cadmium measured 6.63, indicating a very high level of heavy metal contamination. The carcinogenic risk of cadmium and arsenic for adults was 4.30×10-3 and 1.43×10-5, respectively. For children, these values were 3.92 × 10-2 and 1.33 ×10-4, exceeding the acceptable level (1×10-6). In all soils, cadmium showed extremely high ecological risk levels, and arsenic had extremely high risk levels in 34.8% of the total area. This was also confirmed in toxicity assessments using plants. Therefore, arsenic and cadmium were found to be the main causes of soil contamination and ecological risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungyeon Ryoo
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Myong Ro
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Porfadakari S, Jorfi S, Ravanbakhash M, Talepour N, Karimian R. Determination of geochemical baselines and evaluation of potentially toxic elements in agricultural soils of Ramhormoz Plain, Iran. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2024; 34:3011-3024. [PMID: 38007814 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2023.2283060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to investigate the heavy metal pollution status of the agricultural soils in Ramhormoz Plain, Khuzestan province, Iran. A total of 54 samples from the depths (0-20 cm) of the soil were collected from the selected areas in (March) 2021. According to the obtained results, the concentrations of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn, Al in soil samples were 1.3, 0.68, 60, 10.6, 0.01, 218, 23, 3.65, 14 and 0.58 mg/kg, respectively, in which As showed significant soil contamination and Cu, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn and Al moderate contamination according to the calculation of contamination factor (CF). PCA analysis revealed that both anthropogenic and natural sources of pollution like agricultural and transport activities contributed to the enrichment of study area. Investigation of ecological risk indicated that Ramhormoz Plain was categorized as a high risk area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudabeh Porfadakari
- Systems Environmental Health and Energy Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Sahand Jorfi
- Environmental technologies research center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Maryam Ravanbakhash
- Environmental technologies research center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Nastaran Talepour
- Environmental technologies research center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Razieh Karimian
- Environmental technologies research center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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Rani J, Paul B. Ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in soils of lignite mining area of Kutch district of Gujarat, India. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2024; 196:766. [PMID: 39073637 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-024-12898-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Toxic element concentrations including As, Hg, Pb, Zn, Cr, Co, Cu, Cd, and Mn were assessed in lignite mining areas of the Kutch district of Gujarat. It was assessed mainly in land uses like reclaimed mine soil, core zone soil, roadside soil, and reference agricultural soil along the soil layer of different depths. Roadside soil has the highest concentration of mercury (5.36 mg/kg), arsenic (18.2 mg/kg), lead (34.5 mg/kg), and manganese (464 mg/kg). In comparison, the core zone soil has the highest concentration of zinc (93.4 mg/kg), chromium (52.3 mg/kg), cobalt (19.2 mg/kg), and cadmium (5.65 mg/kg), respectively. Numerous soil indices including contamination factor, geo-accumulation index, ecological risk factor (ERF), and ecological risk index (ERI) showed that the study area lies within the moderate contamination to very high contamination zone and moderately polluted to the unpolluted range. The (Eif) (Hg) for roadside soil and core zone soil indicated high potential ecological risk category, while reclaimed mine site indicated considerable potential ecological risk. The Eif (Cd) in all sites in the mining area (121-327) can be put under high potential ecological risk, and the rest of the metals (As, Pb, Zn, Co, Cu, Cr, and Mn) can be put under low ecological risk category. In the three sites (i.e., reclaimed mine site, roadside soil, and core zone soil), core zone soil of (10-20 cm) showed the highest ERI value of 660.48 (10-20 cm), indicating high ecological risk. Cd and Hg contribute to 48% and 38% of ERI value. Hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) suggested that the Cu and Mn were closely linked with each other and derived from similar origin and geo-chemical composition. The results of this study interpreted that the soil near the lignite mining area was contaminated with toxic elements. It is, therefore, recommended that the routine toxic element monitoring in the soil sample of the examined area should be done, and remediation action should be advised to prevent the accumulation of toxic elements in the soil and further into the food chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhi Rani
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, 826004, Jharkhand, India
| | - Biswajit Paul
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, 826004, Jharkhand, India.
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Ma S, Han G. Rare earth elements reveal the human health and environmental concerns in the largest tributary of the Mekong river, Northeastern Thailand. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 252:118968. [PMID: 38643820 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
The widespread application of rare earth elements (REEs) in contemporary industries and agriculture, has caused emerging contaminant accumulation in aquatic environments. However, there is a limited scope of risk assessments, particularly in relation to human health associated with REEs. This study investigated the provenance, and contamination levels of REEs, further evaluating their environmental and human health risks in river sediments from an agricultural basin. The concentrations of REEs ranged from 30.5 to 347.7 mg/kg, with showing an upward trend from headwater to downstream. The positive matrix factorization (PMF) model identified natural and anthropogenic input, especially from agricultural activities, as the primary source of REEs in Mun River sediments. The contamination assessment by the geoaccumulation index (I-geo) and pollution load index (PLI) confirmed that almost individual REEs in the samples were slightly to moderately polluted. The potential ecological risk index (PERI) showed mild to moderate risks in Mun River sediment. Regular fertilization poses pollution and ecological risks to agricultural areas, manifesting as an enrichment of light REEs in river sediments. Nevertheless, Monte Carlo simulations estimated the average daily doses of total REEs from sediments to be 0.24 μg/kg/day for adults and 0.95 μg/kg/day for children, comfortably below established human health thresholds. However, the risk of REE exposure appears to be higher in children, and sensitivity analyses suggested that REE concentration contributed more to health risks, whether the adults or children. Thus, concerns regarding REE contamination and risks should be raised considering the wide distribution of agricultural regions, and further attention is warranted to assess the health risks associated with other routes of REE exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunrong Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China; Institute of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China; Frontiers Science Center for Deep-time Digital Earth, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Guilin Han
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China; Institute of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China; Frontiers Science Center for Deep-time Digital Earth, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China.
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Mansouri Moghadam S, Payandeh K, Koushafar A, Goosheh M, Mohammadi Rouzbahani M. Level of heavy metals and environmental pollution index in Ahvaz, Southwest Iran. Sci Rep 2024; 14:14754. [PMID: 38926447 PMCID: PMC11208444 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-64192-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to evaluate the concentration of heavy metals (HMs) in the north of Ahvaz, southwest Iran. The soil samples were collected from the agricultural farm and riverside in Karun, for the investigation of the environmental impacts of the selected HMs in the soil of the Weiss and Arab Assad regions. For soil sampling in a period, nine farms were selected from each region, and 10 samples were taken from each agricultural farm. Zoning was done using GIS. The highest of Contamination Factor, Enrichment factor and geo-accumulation index of HMs for Cd (7.84, 73.92 and 2.38), and the lowest value of this index for Cr (0.21, 1.98 and - 2.82), respectively. Furthermore of the farm soil showed that the most toxic effect is related to Cd. The HMs contamination indices of the soil samples showed that the studied HMs had contaminated the agricultural fields. Moreover, the zoning maps of the Co, Cu, Pb and Cr showed that they had not contaminated the soil of wheat fields, but Cd and Zn revealed high contamination levels. The zoning of Ni concentration distribution showed that this metal contamination came from both anthropogenic aspects and geological activities in the region. According to our findings, the EF illustrated high levels of pollution for Cd, Cu, Cr, Pb, Ni, Fe, Mn, Co, and Zn, which seems to be in accordance with the accumulation of agricultural fertilizers (phosphate and nitrate), industrial and human activities in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Khoshnaz Payandeh
- Department of Soil Science, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Azita Koushafar
- Department of Environment, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohioddin Goosheh
- Soil and Water Research Department, Khuzestan Agricultural Research and Training Center and Natural Resources, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Ahvaz, Iran
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Islam MS, Nur-E-Alam M, Iqbal MA, Khan MB, Mamun SA, Miah MY, Rasheduzzaman M, Appalasamy S, Salam MA. Spatial distribution of heavy metal abundance at distance gradients of roadside agricultural soil from the busiest highway in Bangladesh: A multi-index integration approach. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 250:118551. [PMID: 38408626 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Bangladesh is currently experiencing significant infrastructural development in road networking system through the construction or reconstruction of multiple roads and highways. Consequently, there is a rise in traffic intensity on roads and highways, along with a significant contamination of adjacent agricultural soils with heavy metals. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ecological risk, health risk and the abundance of seven heavy metals (Cu, Mn, Pb, Cd, Cr, As, and Ni) in three distance gradients (0, 300, and 500 m) of agricultural soil along the Dhaka-Chattogram highway. The concentration of heavy metals was measured with an Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) on a total of 36 soil samples that were taken from 12 different sampling sites. Based on the findings, Cd had a high contamination factor for all distance gradients, whereas Cr had a moderate contamination factor in 67% of the study areas. According to the Pollution Load Index (PLI), Cd, Cr, and Pb were the predominant pollutants. Principal component analysis (PCA) result shows these metals mainly came from anthropogenic sources. The considerable positive correlations between Cu-Pb, Cu-Cd, Pb-Cd, and Cr-Ni all pointed to shared anthropogenic origins. As per Potential Ecological Risk Assessment (PERI) analysis, Pb, Cd, Cr, and Ni each contribute significantly and pose a moderate threat. The Target Hazard Quotient (THQ) values for all pathways of exposure to Pb and Cr in soils were more than 1, which would pose a significant risk to human health in the following order: THQadult female > THQadult male > THQchildren. This study will help to evaluate the human health risk and develop a better understanding of the heavy metal abundance scenario in the agricultural fields adjacent to this highway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Saydul Islam
- Department of Environmental Science and Disaster Management, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, 3814, Bangladesh
| | - Md Nur-E-Alam
- Department of Environmental Science and Disaster Management, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, 3814, Bangladesh
| | - Muhammad Anwar Iqbal
- Institute of Water and Flood Management (IWFM), Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET), Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Md Badiuzzaman Khan
- Department of Environmental Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Shamim Al Mamun
- Department of Environmental Science and Resource Management, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail, 1902, Bangladesh
| | - Md Yunus Miah
- Department of Soil Science, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, 1706, Bangladesh
| | - Md Rasheduzzaman
- Department of Environmental Science and Disaster Management, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science & Technology University, Gopalganj, 8100, Bangladesh
| | - S Appalasamy
- Institute of Food Security and Sustainable Agriculture (IFSSA), Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli Campus, 17600, Jeli, Kelantan, Malaysia; Faculty of Earth Science, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli Campus, 17600, Jeli, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Mohammed Abdus Salam
- Department of Environmental Science and Disaster Management, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, 3814, Bangladesh.
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Amarloei A, Mirzaei SA, Noorimotlagh Z, Nazmara S, Nourmoradi H, Fard NJH, Heidari M, Mohammadi-Moghadam F, Mazloomi S. Human health risk assessment of toxic heavy metals in summer crops and vegetables: a study in Ilam Province, Iran. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCE & ENGINEERING 2024; 22:139-148. [PMID: 38887759 PMCID: PMC11180035 DOI: 10.1007/s40201-023-00881-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Purpose The presence of toxic heavy metals (HMs) in agricultural crops can be considered as a noteworthy threat for consumers. The aim of this study was to assess the content of HMs (Pb, As, Cr, Cd, Co, Hg, and Ag) and their potential health risk in summer crops and vegetables (watermelon, cantaloupe, cucumber, melon, tomato, onion, potato, raw and stewed vegetables) in Ilam province, Iran. Methods Totally, 31 crop samples were collected from local farms during the 2019 harvest season and the elements content were evaluated using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The non-carcinogenic health risk of HMs to the adults and children was estimated by Monte Carlo simulation method and target hazard quotients (THQs). Results In general, the results showed that the concentration of Cr in the studied agricultural crops was higher than other HMs. As well as, the carcinogenic risk (CR) obtained for adults and children were more than the acceptable range for As. Also, CR for As in raw vegetable was the most (8.19E-1) and violated the threshold risk limit. The total carcinogenic risk of HMs in children was higher than that in adults. Conclusion These results suggest that the agricultural crops were not safe for human consumption with potential risks associated. Due to the possible health effects of such products consumption, proper action should be taken to avoid chronic exposure, prevention of further pollution and consequent adverse health implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Amarloei
- Health and Environment Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Seyed Abbas Mirzaei
- Health and Environment Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Zahra Noorimotlagh
- Health and Environment Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Shahrokh Nazmara
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Heshmatollah Nourmoradi
- Health and Environment Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | | | - Mohsen Heidari
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fazel Mohammadi-Moghadam
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Sajad Mazloomi
- Health and Environment Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
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Aktar S, Islam ARMT, Mia MY, Jannat JN, Islam MS, Siddique MAB, Masud MAA, Idris AM, Pal SC, Senapathi V. Assessing metal(loid)s-Induced long-term spatiotemporal health risks in Coastal Regions, Bay of Bengal: A chemometric study. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024:10.1007/s11356-024-33141-z. [PMID: 38625466 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33141-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Despite sporadic and irregular studies on heavy metal(loid)s health risks in water, fish, and soil in the coastal areas of the Bay of Bengal, no chemometric approaches have been applied to assess the human health risks comprehensively. This review aims to employ chemometric analysis to evaluate the long-term spatiotemporal health risks of metal(loid)s e.g., Fe, Mn, Zn, Cd, As, Cr, Pb, Cu, and Ni in coastal water, fish, and soils from 2003 to 2023. Across coastal parts, studies on metal(loid)s were distributed with 40% in the southeast, 28% in the south-central, and 32% in the southwest regions. The southeastern area exhibited the highest contamination levels, primarily due to elevated Zn content (156.8 to 147.2 mg/L for Mn in water, 15.3 to 13.2 mg/kg for Cu in fish, and 50.6 to 46.4 mg/kg for Ni in soil), except for a few sites in the south-central region. Health risks associated with the ingestion of Fe, As, and Cd (water), Ni, Cr, and Pb (fish), and Cd, Cr, and Pb (soil) were identified, with non-carcinogenic risks existing exclusively through this route. Moreover, As, Cr, and Ni pose cancer risks for adults and children via ingestion in the southeastern region. Overall non-carcinogenic risks emphasized a significantly higher risk for children compared to adults, with six, two-, and six-times higher health risks through ingestion of water, fish, and soils along the southeastern coast. The study offers innovative sustainable management strategies and remediation policies aimed at reducing metal(loid)s contamination in various environmental media along coastal Bangladesh.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shammi Aktar
- Department of Disaster Management, Begum Rokeya University, Rangpur, 5400, Bangladesh
| | - Abu Reza Md Towfiqul Islam
- Department of Disaster Management, Begum Rokeya University, Rangpur, 5400, Bangladesh.
- Department of Development Studies, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, 1216, Bangladesh.
| | - Md Yousuf Mia
- Department of Disaster Management, Begum Rokeya University, Rangpur, 5400, Bangladesh
| | - Jannatun Nahar Jannat
- Department of Disaster Management, Begum Rokeya University, Rangpur, 5400, Bangladesh
| | - Md Saiful Islam
- Department of Soil Science, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Dumki, Patuakhali, 8602, Bangladesh
| | - Md Abu Bakar Siddique
- Institute of National Analytical Research and Service (INARS), Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhanmondi, Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Md Abdullah Al Masud
- School of Architecture, Civil, Environmental, and Energy Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Abubakr M Idris
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, 62529, Saudi Arabia
- Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Subodh Chandra Pal
- Department of Geography, The University of Burdwan, Bardhaman, 713104, West Bengal, India
| | - Venkatramanan Senapathi
- PG and Research Department of Geology, National College (Autonomous), Tiruchirappalli, 620001, Tamil Nadu, India
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Khan A, Khan MS, Shafique MA, Khan Q, Saddiq G. Assessment of potentially toxic and mineral elements in paddy soils and their uptake by rice ( Oryza sativa L.) with associated health hazards in district Malakand, Pakistan. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28043. [PMID: 38586322 PMCID: PMC10998073 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Rice, a primary food source in many countries of the world accumulate potentially harmful elements which pose a significant health hazard to consumers. The current study aimed to evaluate potentially toxic and mineral elements in both paddy soils and rice grains associated with allied health risks in Malakand, Pakistan. Rice plants with intact root soil were randomly collected from paddy fields and analyzed for mineral and potentially toxic elements (PTEs) through inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP‒OES). Through deterministic and probabilistic risk assessment models, the daily intake of PTEs with allied health risks from consumption of rice were estimated for children and adults. The results of soil pH (< 8.5) and electrical conductivity (EC > 400 μs/cm), indicated slightly saline nature. The mean phosphorus concentration of 291.50 (mg/kg) in soil samples exceeded FAO/WHO permissible limits. The normalized variation matrix of soil pH with respect to Ni (0.05), Ca (0.05), EC (0.08), and Mg (0.09), indicated significant influence of pH on PTEs mobility. In rice grains, the mean concentrations (mg/kg) of Mg (463.81), Al (70.40), As (1.23), Cr (12.53), Cu (36.07), Fe (144.32), Mn (13.89), and Ni (1.60) exceeded FAO/WHO safety limits. The transfer factor >1 for K, Cu, P and Zn indicated bioavailability and transfer of these elements from soil to rice grains. Monte Carlo simulations of hazard index >1 for Cr, Zn, As, and Cu with certainties of 89.93% and 90.17%, indicated significant noncarcinogenic risks for children and adults from rice consumption. The total carcinogenic risk (TCR) for adults and children exceeded the USEPA acceptable limits of 1×10-6 to 1×10-4, respectively. The sensitivity analysis showed that the ingestion rate was a key risk factor. Arsenic (As) primarily influenced total cancer risk (TCR) in children, while chromium (Cr) significantly impacted adults. Deterministic cancer risk values slightly exceeded probabilistic values due to inherent uncertainties in deterministic analysis. Rice consumption poses health risks, mainly from exposure to Cr, Ni and As in the investigated area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asghar Khan
- Department of Botany, Islamia College Peshawar, Pakistan
| | | | | | - Qaisar Khan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Malakand, Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Saddiq
- Department of Physics, Islamia College Peshawar, Pakistan
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10
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Goni MA, Hosen L, Khan AS, Abdullah-Al-Mamun M, Khatun MJ, Siddiquee T. Elevated Uptake and Translocation Patterns of Heavy Metals in Different Food Plants Parts and Their Impacts on Human Health. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024:10.1007/s12011-024-04146-z. [PMID: 38512452 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-024-04146-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Irrigation with contaminated wastewater is a common practice in cultivation of crops and vegetables in many developing countries due to the scarcity of available fresh water. The present study has investigated the transfer and mobilization trends of heavy metals in different crops and vegetables plants grown in contaminated soil and waterbody. The translocation patterns of metals from polluted sources into different organs of plants bodies such as roots and edible parts and associated health risks have been evaluated simultaneously. Total of 180 different environmental samples including food plants, agricultural soil, and irrigation water were collected and analyzed. Heavy metal concentrations (Fe, Ni, Mn, Pb, Cu, Cd, As) in water, soil, and different parts of crops and vegetable plants were compared with the permissible levels reported by FAO/WHO, EU, and USEPA. Different metals contents within the food plants were found to be in the order of Fe > Mn > Ni > Cu > Pb > Cd > As. Pollution load index (PLI) data indicate that soil is highly polluted with Cd as well as moderately contaminated by As and Cu. Bioconcentration factor (BCF) analysis showed excessive accumulation of some heavy metals in crops and vegetables. Target hazard quotient (THQ) and target carcinogenic risk (TCR) analysis data showed higher carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks for both adult and children from the consumption of metal-contaminated food items. The results of metal pollution index (MPI), estimated daily intake (EDI), and hazard index (HI) analyses demonstrated the patterns of metals pollution in different food plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Abdul Goni
- Department of Biological and Physical Sciences, South Carolina State University, Orangeburg, SC, 29117, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh.
| | - Lokman Hosen
- Department of Chemistry, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Abu Shamim Khan
- Environmental Laboratory, Asia Arsenic Network, Arsenic Centre, Pulerhat Jashore, 7400, Bangladesh
| | - M Abdullah-Al-Mamun
- Department of Chemistry, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Most Johura Khatun
- Department of Chemistry, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Tasneem Siddiquee
- Department of Chemistry, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN, 37209, USA
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Birch G, Wang X, Liu E. Human health risk assessment of metal-contaminated soils in Sydney estuary catchment (Australia). ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2024; 46:125. [PMID: 38483680 PMCID: PMC10940391 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-024-01898-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Sydney estuary catchment supports the largest city in Australia and provides essential eco-social and environmental services; however, the region has been influenced by extensive anthropogenic modification. Soil metal concentrations in the catchment had been studied previously; however, the current investigation was designed to determine the risk posed by these contaminants to human health. Soil metal concentrations were higher than observed in most global capitals and increased substantially in the south and south-east of the catchment and close to the central business district. Road-side soils and road dust contained the highest concentration of metals in the catchment. Lead in catchment soils was closely related to traffic density and sourced from the historic use of Pb in petrol. A human health assessment indicated that soil Cd, Ni and Zn posed no non-carcinogenic risk (NCR), or carcinogenic risk (CR) for children, or adults in Sydney estuary catchment and that Cu and Cr may pose minor NCR for children. Vehicle-related Pb raised the greatest human health risk in catchment soils and may pose NCR at 32% and 4.3% of sites for children and adults, respectively. Inconsistent analytical techniques used in CR and NCR evaluations produce incomparable assessments and a consistent` methodology is suggested to improve interpretation. Human health risk may well be higher than commonly calculated due to pollutants present in urban soil not being included in assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin Birch
- Geocoastal Research Group, School of Geosciences, Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250358, People's Republic of China
| | - Enfeng Liu
- Geocoastal Research Group, School of Geosciences, Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
- College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250358, People's Republic of China
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12
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Khodadadi R, Sohrabi M, Loppi S, Tahmasebi Birgani Y, Babaei AA, Neisi A, Baboli Z, Dastoorpoor M, Goudarzi G. Atmospheric pollution by potentially toxic elements: measurement and risk assessment using lichen transplants. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2024; 34:1270-1283. [PMID: 36787704 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2023.2174256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The lichen Usnea articulata collected from an unpolluted area was exposed for 6 months at 26 sites for the sample chosenusing a stratified random design, and the content of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) including As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sn, V, and Zn, was assessed using ICP-MS. The health risk for both adults and children was then calculated using the PTEs concentrations. The results showed that despite the hostile urban conditions, transplanted lichens depicted clear deposition patterns of airborne PTEs, mostly associated with industrial sites, where As and other elements showed remarkably high values. The cumulative hazard index was below the risk threshold, both for adults and children. For the entire population (particularly children) residing in areas surrounding industrial sites, As and Cr appeared to be potentially carcinogenic elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruhollah Khodadadi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Sohrabi
- The Museum of Iranian Lichens, Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
- Biotechnology Department, Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Stefano Loppi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Yaser Tahmasebi Birgani
- Environmental Technologies Research Center (ETRC), Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Babaei
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Environmental Technologies Research Center (ETRC), Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Air Pollution and Respiratory Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Abdolkazem Neisi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Environmental Technologies Research Center (ETRC), Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Air Pollution and Respiratory Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Zeynab Baboli
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Behbahan Faculty of Medical Sciences, Behbahan, Iran
| | - Maryam Dastoorpoor
- Air Pollution and Respiratory Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Goudarzi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Environmental Technologies Research Center (ETRC), Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Air Pollution and Respiratory Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Iranian Scientific Association of Clean Air, Tehran, Iran
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13
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Xie H, Shi Y, Wang L, Yan H, Ci M, Wang Z, Chen Y. Source and risk assessment of heavy metals in mining-affected areas in Jiangxi Province, China, based on Monte Carlo simulation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:21765-21780. [PMID: 38393575 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32554-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, heavy metal contamination of soils has become a major concern in China due to the potential risks involved. To assess environmental pollution and human health risks in a typical heavy metal polluted site in Jiangxi Province, a thorough evaluation of the distribution, pollution levels, and sources of heavy metals in soils of the Yangmeijiang River watershed was conducted in this study. Positive matrix factorization and Monte Carlo simulation were used to evaluate the ecological and human health risks of heavy metals. The research findings indicate that heavy metal pollution was the most severe at the depth of 20-40 cm in soils, with local heavy metal pollution resulting from mining and sewage irrigation. The high-risk area accounted for 91.11% of the total area. However, the pollution level decreased with time due to sampling effects, rainfall, and control measures. Leaf-vegetables and rice were primarily polluted by Cd and Pb. The main four sources of heavy metals in soils were traffic emission, metal smelting, agricultural activities and natural sources, mining extraction, and electroplating industries. Heavy metals with the highest ecological risk and health risk are Cd and As, respectively. The non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks of children were 7.0 and 1.7 times higher than those of adults, respectively. Therefore, children are more likely to be influenced by heavy metals compared to adults. The results obtained by the risk assessments may contribute to the identification of specific sources of heavy metals (e.g., traffic emissions, metal smelting, mining excavation, and electroplating industries). Additionally, the environmental impacts and biotoxicity associated with various heavy metals (e.g., Cd and As) can also be reflected. These outcomes may serve as a scientific basis for the pollution monitoring and remediation in the mining-affected areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijian Xie
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- Center for Balance Architecture, Zhejiang University, 148 Tianmushan Road, Hanghzou, 310007, China
| | - Yanghui Shi
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- The Architectural Design and Research Institute of Zhejiang University Co., Ltd., 148 Tianmushan Road, Hangzhou, 310028, China
| | - Liang Wang
- The Architectural Design and Research Institute of Zhejiang University Co., Ltd., 148 Tianmushan Road, Hangzhou, 310028, China
| | - Huaxiang Yan
- Zijin School of Geology and Mining, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, China.
| | - Manting Ci
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- The Architectural Design and Research Institute of Zhejiang University Co., Ltd., 148 Tianmushan Road, Hangzhou, 310028, China
| | - Ziheng Wang
- Zijin School of Geology and Mining, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, China
| | - Yun Chen
- Center for Balance Architecture, Zhejiang University, 148 Tianmushan Road, Hanghzou, 310007, China
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14
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He L, Wang S, Huang W, Xu J, Dong Y, Chen Z, Liu Q, Ning X. Response of trace elements in urban deposition to emissions in a northwestern river valley type city: 2010-2021. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 913:169547. [PMID: 38160821 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Anthropogenic activities release significant quantities of trace elements into the atmosphere, which can infiltrate ecosystems through both wet and dry deposition, resulting in ecological harm. Although the current study focuses on the emission inventory and deposition of trace elements, their complex interactions remain insufficiently explored. In this study, we employ emission inventories and deposition data for eight TEs (Cr, Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Pb) in Lanzhou City to unveil the relationship between these two aspects. Emissions in Lanzhou can be roughly divided into two periods centered around 2017. Preceding 2017, industrial production constituted the primary source of TEs emissions except for As; coal combustion was the primary contributor to Cr, Mn, and As emissions; waste incineration played a significant role in As, Zn, and Cd emissions; biomass combustion influenced Cr and Cd emissions; and transportation sources were the predominant contributors to Pb and Cu emissions. With the establishment of waste-to-energy plants and the implementation of ultra-low emission retrofits, emissions from these sources decreased substantially after 2017. Consequently, emissions from industrial production emerged as the main source of TEs. The deposition concentrations of Cr, Mn, Ni, Cu, and Pb followed a similar trend to the emissions. However, Cd and As exhibited lower emissions and a less pronounced response relationship. Moreover, Zn concentrations fluctuated within a narrow range and showed a weaker response to emissions. The consistent changes in emissions and TEs deposition concentrations signify a shift in deposition pollution in Lanzhou city from Coal-fired pollution to that driven by transportation and industrial activities. Within this transition, the industrial production process offers significant potential for emission reduction. This insight provides a crucial foundation for managing TEs pollution and implementing strategies to prevent ecological risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang He
- Technology Research Center for Pollution Control and Remediation of Northwest Soil and Groundwater, College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Shengli Wang
- Technology Research Center for Pollution Control and Remediation of Northwest Soil and Groundwater, College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Wen Huang
- Technology Research Center for Pollution Control and Remediation of Northwest Soil and Groundwater, College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jun Xu
- Technology Research Center for Pollution Control and Remediation of Northwest Soil and Groundwater, College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yinwen Dong
- Technology Research Center for Pollution Control and Remediation of Northwest Soil and Groundwater, College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Zhaoming Chen
- Technology Research Center for Pollution Control and Remediation of Northwest Soil and Groundwater, College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Technology Research Center for Pollution Control and Remediation of Northwest Soil and Groundwater, College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xiang Ning
- Technology Research Center for Pollution Control and Remediation of Northwest Soil and Groundwater, College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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15
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Li J, Liu JZ, Tai XS, Jiao L, Zhang M, Zang F. Pollution and source-specific risk analysis of potentially toxic metals in urban soils of an oasis-tourist city in northwest China. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2024; 46:55. [PMID: 38263529 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-023-01850-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Source-specific risk apportionment for soil potentially toxic metals (PTMs) is of great significance for contamination prevention and risk management in urban environments. Eighty-five urban soil samples were obtained from an oasis-tourist city, China and examined for eight PTMs (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, and Zn). The pollution levels, sources, and ecological risk of soil PTMs were quantified, and their source-specific ecological and human health effects were also estimated using the multi-proxy approaches. The results demonstrated that accumulation of Cd, Hg, Pb, Cr, Cu, and Zn in soils was observed compared to their background levels, and the soils experienced varying degrees of PTMs pollution, especially at sites with high-intensity anthropogenic activities. Natural sources, atmospheric deposition, industrial sources, vehicular emissions, and comprehensive inputs were the principal sources, with contributions of 29.28%, 25.86%, 20.13%, 16.50%, and 8.23%, respectively. The integrated ecological risks of PTMs in soils were moderate at most sites, with atmospheric deposition being the dominant contributor to ecological risks. Children exhibited pronounced non-cancer risks, but adults had no notable non-cancer risks. Moreover, there were potential carcinogenic risks for both children and adults within the study region. Non-cancer and carcinogenic risks were more significant for children than adults, and traffic emissions were the primary contributor to non-cancer risks (adults: 20.53%, children: 20.49%) and carcinogenic risks (adults: 22.95%, children: 22.08%). The industrial and traffic activities were considered as priority control sources for soil pollution control and risk management, with Hg, Cd, Zn, and Pb corresponding to the priority elements. This study highlights the source-specific ecological and human health effects of PTMs pollution in urban soils, thereby providing valuable information for targeted pollution control and priority source management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- College of Urban Environment, Lanzhou City University, Lanzhou, 730070, China.
| | - Jun-Zhuo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Xi-Sheng Tai
- College of Urban Environment, Lanzhou City University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Liang Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Environment and Sustainable Development of Oasis, Gansu Province, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- College of Urban Environment, Lanzhou City University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Fei Zang
- College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, China
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16
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Zhao Y, Li D, Xiao D, Xiang Z, Yang X, Xiao Y, Xiao X, Cheng J, Lu Q, Zhang Q. Co-exposure of heavy metals in rice and corn reveals a probabilistic health risk in Guizhou Province, China. Food Chem X 2023; 20:101043. [PMID: 38144805 PMCID: PMC10740133 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2023.101043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The adverse effects of heavy metals have arousing concern in the high geological background area, especially in southwestern Guizhou, China. However, the pollution status of heavy metals are still unclear when exposed to rice and corn in Guizhou province. Therefore, the concentration, pollution level, spatial distribution, and probabilistic health risks of Ni, Cr, Pb, Cu, and Zn are estimated in rice and corn. A total of 241 samples (117 for rice and 124 for corn) were collected from Guizhou province and measured by a method of inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The results showed that rice and corn were contaminated with Ni and Cr. High concentrations of Ni were presented in the southeast of rice. It indicated that 22.0 % of rice samples were contaminated with Ni. HI values for children and adults exceeded 1.0 in rice and corn, suggesting that humans might be subject to probabilistic non-carcinogenic risks. FTCR demonstrated that rice and corn might cause probabilistic carcinogenic risks to children and adults, which were both greatly higher than 1.0 × 10-4. Moreover, the contributions of Ni to the HI and FTCR were the highest for adults and children. Therefore, more attention should be paid to the exposure of heavy metals in rice and corn, especially in Ni. The results would provide a novel prospective for pollution control and be helpful for environmental regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifang Zhao
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Provincial Engineering Research Center of Ecological Food Innovation, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Guizhou Institute of Biology, Guiyang 550009, Guizhou, China
| | - Dashuan Li
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Provincial Engineering Research Center of Ecological Food Innovation, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Daofen Xiao
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Provincial Engineering Research Center of Ecological Food Innovation, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Zhun Xiang
- Guizhou Institute of Biology, Guiyang 550009, Guizhou, China
| | - Xianping Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Provincial Engineering Research Center of Ecological Food Innovation, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Yuanji Xiao
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Provincial Engineering Research Center of Ecological Food Innovation, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Xiangli Xiao
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Provincial Engineering Research Center of Ecological Food Innovation, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Jianzhong Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, China
| | - Qinhui Lu
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Provincial Engineering Research Center of Ecological Food Innovation, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Qinghai Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Provincial Engineering Research Center of Ecological Food Innovation, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
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17
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Liu J, Zheng Q, Pei S, Li J, Ma L, Zhang L, Niu J, Tian T. Ecological and health risk assessment of heavy metals in agricultural soils from northern China. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 196:99. [PMID: 38157088 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-12255-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Soil pollution by heavy metals can cause continuing damage to ecosystems and the human body. In this study, we collected nine fresh topsoil samples and 18 maize samples (including nine leaf samples and nine corn samples) from agricultural soils in the Baiyin mining areas. The results showed that the order of heavy metal concentrations (mg/kg) in agricultural soils was as follows: Zn (377.40) > Pb (125.06) > Cu (75.06) > Ni (28.29) > Cd (5.46) > Hg (0.37). Cd, Cu, Zn, and Pb exceeded the Chinese risk limit for agricultural soil pollution. The average the pollution load index (4.39) was greater than 3, indicating a heavy contamination level. The element that contributed the most to contamination and high ecological risk in soil was Cd. Principal component analysis (PCA) and Pearson's correlation analysis indicated that the sources of Ni, Cd, Cu, and Zn in the soil were primarily mixed, involving both industrial and agricultural activities, whereas the sources of Hg and Pb included both industrial and transportation activities. Adults and children are not likely to experience non-carcinogenic impacts from the soil in this region. Nonetheless, it was important to be aware of the elevated cancer risk presented by Cd, Pb, and especially Ni. The exceedance rates of Cd and Pb in corn were 66.67% and 33.3%, respectively. The results of this research provide data to improve soil protection, human health monitoring, and crop management in the Baiyin district.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangyun Liu
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, The People's Republic of China
| | - Qiwen Zheng
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, The People's Republic of China
| | - Shuwei Pei
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, The People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Li
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, The People's Republic of China
| | - Li Ma
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, The People's Republic of China
| | - Li Zhang
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, The People's Republic of China
| | - Jingping Niu
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, The People's Republic of China.
| | - Tian Tian
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, The People's Republic of China.
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18
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Li J, Li KM, Jiao L, Zang F, Li X, Yang YQ, Mao XX, Tai XS. Contamination, ecological-health risks, and sources of potentially toxic elements in road-dust sediments and soils of the largest urban riverfront scenic park in China. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2023; 45:8169-8186. [PMID: 37548849 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-023-01715-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Identifying the contamination and sources of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in road-dust sediment (RDS) and the surrounding greenspace soil of urban environments and understanding their ecological-health risks are important for pollution management and public health. The contamination characteristics, ecological and probabilistic health risks, and source apportionment of eight PTEs (Cd, Pb, Cr, Cu, Ni, As, Zn, and Hg) in the Yellow River Custom Tourist Line of Lanzhou, which is the largest open urban riverfront scenic park in China, were investigated. The results showed that all the RDS PTE mean concentrations exceeded their soil background values, whereas for the surrounding greenspace soils, the concentrations of the PTEs, except for Cr and Ni, were also higher than their local background levels. Moreover, the RDS-soil system was mainly contaminated by Cd, Zn, Pb, Cu, and Hg to varying degrees, and the integrated ecological risks of PTEs in the RDS and soil were high and considerable at most sites, respectively. The probabilistic health risk assessment results demonstrated that the non-carcinogenic hazard risk for humans was negligible, but the total carcinogenic risks should be considered. Source apportionment using a positive matrix factorization model combined with multivariate statistical analyses revealed that Cr, Ni, and As in the RDS-soil system were from natural and industrial sources, Cd, Pb, Zn, Cu came from vehicle emissions and pesticide and fertilizer applications, and Hg was from natural and industrial sources and utilization of pesticides with fertilizers. This work provides scientific evidence for urban planning and human health protection in urban environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- College of Urban Environment, Lanzhou City University, Lanzhou, 730070, China.
| | - Kai-Ming Li
- College of Urban Environment, Lanzhou City University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Liang Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Environment and Sustainable Development of Oasis, Gansu Province, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Fei Zang
- College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, China
| | - Xu Li
- College of Urban Environment, Lanzhou City University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Yun-Qin Yang
- College of Urban Environment, Lanzhou City University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Xiao-Xuan Mao
- College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Xi-Sheng Tai
- College of Urban Environment, Lanzhou City University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
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19
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Needham T, Bureš D, Černý J, Hoffman LC. Overview of game meat utilisation challenges and opportunities: A European perspective. Meat Sci 2023; 204:109284. [PMID: 37480669 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2023.109284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
Re-wilding and similar initiatives have resulted in an increase in wildlife suitable for human consumption in Europe. However, game meat production and consumption present several challenges, including infectious diseases which pose risks to livestock, processers, and consumers. This review provides insights into the infectious diseases and toxic contaminants associated with game meat. The effect of killing method on the meat quality is also discussed and means of improving the meat quality of game meat is elucidated. The use of different food safety systems that could be applied to provide safe meat is reported. The importance of collaborative multi-sector approaches is emphasized, to generate and distribute knowledge and implement One Health strategies that ensure the safe, traceable, sustainable, and professional development of commercial game meat supply chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tersia Needham
- Department of Animal Science and Food Processing, Faculty of Tropical AgriSciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, Prague, Suchdol 165 00, Czech Republic.
| | - Daniel Bureš
- Institute of Animal Science, Přátelství 815, 104 00 Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, Prague, Suchdol 165 00, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Černý
- Department of Animal Science and Food Processing, Faculty of Tropical AgriSciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, Prague, Suchdol 165 00, Czech Republic
| | - Louwrens C Hoffman
- Center for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, Digital Agricultural Building. 8115. Office 110, Gatton 4343, Australia
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20
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Huang CC, Cai LM, Xu YH, Jie L, Hu GC, Chen LG, Wang HZ, Xu XB, Mei JX. A comprehensive approach to quantify the source identification and human health risk assessment of toxic elements in park dust. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2023; 45:5813-5827. [PMID: 37148428 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-023-01588-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
In this research, enrichment factor (EF) and pollution load index were utilized to explore the contamination characteristics of toxic elements (TEs) in park dust. The results exhibited that park dust in the study area was mainly moderately polluted, and the EF values of dust Cd, Zn, Pb, Cu and Sb were all > 1. The concentrations of Cr, Cu, Zn and Pb increased with the decrease of dust particle size. The investigation results of chemical speciation and bioavailability of TEs showed that Zn had the highest bioavailability. Three sources of TEs were determined by positive matrix factorization model, Pearson correlation analysis and geostatistical analysis, comprising factor 1 mixed sources of industrial and transportation activities (46.62%), factor 2 natural source (25.56%) and factor 3 mixed source of agricultural activities and the aging of park infrastructures (27.82%). Potential ecological risk (PER) and human health risk (HHR) models based on source apportionment were exploited to estimate PER and HHR of TEs from different sources. The mean PER value of TEs in the park dust was 114, indicating that ecological risk in the study area was relatively high. Factor 1 contributed the most to PER, and the pollution of Cd was the most serious. There were no significant carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks for children and adults in the study area. And factor 3 was the biggest source of non-carcinogenic risk, and As, Cr and Pb were the chief contributor to non-carcinogenic risk. The primary source of carcinogenic risk was factor 2, and Cr was the cardinal cancer risk element.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Chen Huang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Petroleum Geochemistry and Environment, Yangtze University, Wuhan, 430100, China
- College of Resources and Environment, Yangtze University, Wuhan, 430100, China
| | - Li-Mei Cai
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Petroleum Geochemistry and Environment, Yangtze University, Wuhan, 430100, China.
- College of Resources and Environment, Yangtze University, Wuhan, 430100, China.
- Key Laboratory of Mineralogy and Metallogeny, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
| | - Yao-Hui Xu
- College of Resources and Environment, Yangtze University, Wuhan, 430100, China
| | - Luo Jie
- College of Resources and Environment, Yangtze University, Wuhan, 430100, China
| | - Guo-Cheng Hu
- Ministry of Ecology and Environment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Guangzhou, 510535, China
| | - Lai-Guo Chen
- Ministry of Ecology and Environment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Guangzhou, 510535, China.
| | - Han-Zhi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Mineralogy and Metallogeny, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Xu-Bang Xu
- College of Resources and Environment, Yangtze University, Wuhan, 430100, China
| | - Jing-Xian Mei
- College of Resources and Environment, Yangtze University, Wuhan, 430100, China
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Zainab N, Mehmood S, Amna Shafiq-Ur-Rehman, Munir A, Tanveer ZI, Nisa ZU, Imran M, Javed MT, Chaudhary HJ. Health risk assessment and bioaccumulation of potentially toxic metals from water, soil, and forages near coal mines of district Chakwal, Punjab, Pakistan. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2023; 45:5441-5466. [PMID: 37029254 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-023-01531-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Water, forages, and soil contamination with potentially toxic metals (PTMs) through anthropogenic activities has become a significant environmental concern. It is crucial to find out the level of PTMs in water, soil, and forages near industrial areas. The PTMs enter the body of living organisms through these sources and have become a potential risk for humans and animals. Therefore, the present study aims at the health risk assessment of PTMs and their accumulation in soil, water, and forages of three tehsils (Kallar Kahar, Choa Saidan Shah, and Chakwal) in district Chakwal. Samples of wastewater, soil, and forages were collected from various sites of district Chakwal. PTMs detected in the present study were cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), and nickel (Ni), and their levels were measured through atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAs GF95 graphite furnace auto sampler). Pollution load index (PLI), bio concentration factor (BCF), soil enrichment factors (EF), daily intake value (DIM), and health risk index (HRI) in sheep, cow, and buffalo were also analyzed. The results revealed that the mean concentration (mg/L) of Cd (0.72-0.91 mg/L), Cr (1.84-2.23 mg/L), Pb (0.95-3.22 mg/L), Co (0.74-2.93 mg/L), Cu (0.84-1.96 mg/L), and Ni (1.39-4.39 mg/L) in wastewater samples was higher than permissible limits set by WHO, NEQS, WWF, USEPA, and Pakistan in all three tehsils of district Chakwal. Similarly, in soil samples, concentrations of Cd (1.21-1.95 mg/kg), Cr (38.1-56.4 mg/kg), and Ni (28.3-55.9 mg/kg) were higher than their respective threshold values. The mean concentration of PTMs in forage samples (Parthenium hysterophorus, Mentha spicata, Justicia adhatoda, Calotropis procera, Xanthium strumarium, Amaranthaceae sp.) showed that maximum values of Cd (5.35-7.55 mg/kg), Cr (5.47-7.51 mg/kg), Pb (30-36 mg/kg), and Ni (12.6-57.5 mg/kg) were beyond their safe limit set for forages. PLI, BCF, and EF were > 1.0 for almost all the PTMs. The DIM and HRI for sheep were less than < 1.0 but for cows and buffalo were > 1.0. The current study showed that soil, water, and forages near coal mines area are contaminated with PTMs which enter the food chain and pose significant harm to humans and animals. In order to prevent their dangerous concentration in the food chain, regular assessment of PTMs present in soil, forages, irrigating water, and food is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nida Zainab
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Shehzad Mehmood
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Comsats University Islamabad, Vehari, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Amna Shafiq-Ur-Rehman
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
- Department of Department of Botany, University of Okara, Okara, 53900, Pakistan
- Department of Botany, Rawalpindi Women University, 6Th Road Satellite Town, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Adeela Munir
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | | | - Zaib Un Nisa
- Cotton Research Institute, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Comsats University Islamabad, Vehari, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Tariq Javed
- Department of Botany, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
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Lin C, Wang Y, Hu G, Yu R, Huang H. Source apportionment and transfer characteristics of Pb in a soil-rice-human system, Jiulong River Basin, southeast China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 326:121489. [PMID: 36958662 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The source apportionment and transfer of Pb in a paddy soil-rice-human system within the Jiulong River Basin in southeast China was investigated by analyzing (1) the chemical fractionation of Pb in paddy soils using a modified BCR four-step sequential extraction procedure, and (2) the bioaccessibility of Pb in both paddy soils and rice grains using a Simple Bioaccessibility Extraction Test method. In addition, a qualitative Pb isotopic model was used in combination with IsoSource software to quantify the contribution of potential Pb sources. The results show the enrichment of Pb in agro-ecosystems in the Jiulong River Basin. Contaminant Pb in paddy soils was mainly present in the reducible (42.9%) and the residual fractions (27.1%). The average bioaccessibility of Pb in rice grains was significantly higher than that in paddy soil, with values of 77.85% and 37.44%, respectively. Lead in paddy soils was primarily derived from agricultural (35.3%), natural (25.5%), industrial (24.5%) and coal combustion sources (14.7%), while Pb in rice grains was primarily derived from coal combustion (54.1%), agricultural (35.1%), industrial (6.0%) and natural sources (4.8%). The bioaccessible Pb was mainly derived from anthropogenic sources [agricultural (42.3% for soil and 25.3% for grain) and coal combustion sources (25.3% for soil and 59.3% for grain)]. Lead isotopic ratios are an effective tracer of Pb transfer from potential sources to rice plants and within the rice plants. Rice plants absorb Pb from the soil and the atmosphere through the roots and leaves, respectively. Most of the Pb was accumulated in roots. The integrated use of chemical fractionation, bioaccessibility and Pb isotopic data provides an effective method to study the source apportionment and transfer characteristics of Pb in paddy soil-rice-human systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengqi Lin
- College of Environment and Public Health, Xiamen Huaxia University, Xianen, 361024, China; Key Laboratory of Fujian Universities for Environmental Monitoring, Xiamen, 361024, China
| | - Yanyun Wang
- College of Environment and Public Health, Xiamen Huaxia University, Xianen, 361024, China
| | - Gongren Hu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Ruilian Yu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Huabin Huang
- College of Environment and Public Health, Xiamen Huaxia University, Xianen, 361024, China; Key Laboratory of Fujian Universities for Environmental Monitoring, Xiamen, 361024, China.
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Taye AE, Chandravanshi BS. Health and ecological risk assessment of potentially toxic metals in road dust at Lalibela and Sekota towns, Ethiopia. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:765. [PMID: 37249712 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11406-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The ecological and health problems resulted from heavy metals (Mn, Fe, Ni, Co, Cu, Zn, Cd, Hg, Pb, As, and Cr) in the road dust in the towns of Sekota and Lalibela, Ethiopia were assessed. The average heavy metal concentrations were ranged from 0.088 (Cd) to 2.714 (Fe) mg/kg. Individual metal and cumulative metals pollution levels in both towns revealed that Lalibela is moderately polluted by Zn, Pb, and Ni and Sekota being moderately polluted by Zn, Pb, Ni, As, Hg, and Cu. Furthermore, the United States Environmental Protection Agency's health risk evaluation model showed that the total heavy metal health risk levels in the road dust ranged from 5.71 × 10-3 (adult) to 2.57 × 10-2 (children), with an average risk of 7.35 × 10-2. Lalibela was found to have higher chance of risk than Sekota. The total lifetime cancer risk varied from 4.51 × 10-9 (for adults, Sekota) to 7.75 × 10-9 (for children, Lalibela), with a mean risk of 6.12 × 10-9 implying a low chance of getting cancer. The hazard quotient and hazard index of all the metals were below the limit. In general, children were found to be more susceptible than adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asamene Embiale Taye
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural and Computational Science, Woldia University, P.O. Box 400, Woldia, Ethiopia.
| | - Bhagwan Singh Chandravanshi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Din IU, Muhammad S, Rehman IU. Heavy metal(loid)s contaminations in soils of Pakistan: a review for the evaluation of human and ecological risks assessment and spatial distribution. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2023; 45:1991-2012. [PMID: 35759076 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-022-01312-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal(loid)s (HM) contaminations in the soil poses threats to the human and ecological community due to their bioaccumulation, toxicity, and persistent nature in the ecosystem. This review was designed to know about the HM contamination in soils, ecological risk, distribution, and potential health risks. Soil HM concentrations published in the last 30 years were collected from Springer, Science Direct, Willey, Mendeley, ResearchGate, Google Scholar, etc. HM concentrations were used for the geo-accumulation index (Igeo), contamination factor, as well as integrated indices such as spatial distribution of ecological risk index. Similarly, the Igeo pattern was observed in Sindh > Baluchistan > Punjab > Khyber Pakhtunkhwa > Gilgit-Baltistan > Islamabad. Moreover, the high ecological risk mean values ranged (160 < ERI < 320) due to cadmium (Cd) was exhibited in the Punjab and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa provinces and Islamabad. Non-carcinogenic risk like hazard quotient was found higher for children (1.59) of Punjab due to arsenic (As) ingestion, whereas the lower risk was observed due to Zn (2.5E-08) for adults of Punjab province via inhalation pathway. Similarly, the health index (HI) from exposure to As (1.61) in soil was higher than the rest of the HM. Moreover, cancerous risk was determined and found in the tolerable range (10-4-10-6). This study recommended that HM contaminants in the soil need to be monitored on regular basis, especially in Baluchistan, Gilgit-Baltistan, and Sindh provinces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran Ud Din
- National Centre of Excellence in Geology, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, 25130, Pakistan
| | - Said Muhammad
- National Centre of Excellence in Geology, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, 25130, Pakistan.
| | - Inayat Ur Rehman
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
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Diwa RR, Deocaris CC, Geraldo LD, Belo LP. Ecological and health risks from heavy metal sources surrounding an abandoned mercury mine in the island paradise of Palawan, Philippines. Heliyon 2023; 9:e15713. [PMID: 37305506 PMCID: PMC10256827 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
A recent survey that determined heavy metal concentrations in an abandoned Hg mine in Palawan, Philippines, found the occurrence of Hg with As, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sb, Tl, V, and Zn. While the Hg originated from the mine waste calcines, the critical knowledge about the origin of the other heavy metals remains unknown. This study assessed the ecological and health risks from heavy metal pollution surrounding the abandoned Hg mine. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that the abandoned mine and natural sources (i.e., local geology) are the two main contributors of heavy metal pollution. Historically, the mine waste calcines (retorted ore) were used as construction material for the wharf and as land filler for the adjacent communities. There is highly strong ecological risk associated with the heavy metals: Ni, Hg, Cr, and Mn contribute 44.3%, 29.5%, 10.7%, and 8.9% to the potential ecological risk index (RI), respectively. Hazard index (HI) exceeded 1 for both adults and children in all the sampling locations, implying non-carcinogenic adverse effects. The total cancer risk over a lifetime (LCR) also exceeded the threshold limit of 10-4 for both adults and children, contributed mainly by Cr (91.8%) and As (8.1%). By combining the results of the PCA and risk assessments, a clear link between heavy metal source apportionment to ecological and health risks was established. It was estimated that the abandoned mine contributed to most of the ecological and health risks for people living near the wharf that was built using the calcine, as well as the nearby Honda Bay. The findings of this study are expected to help policy makers develop regulations that will safeguard the ecosystem and the general public from the damaging impacts of heavy metals from the abandoned mine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reymar R. Diwa
- Research and Development Center, Rizal Technological University, Mandaluyong City 1550, Philippines
- Atomic Research Division, Philippine Nuclear Research Institute, Department of Science & Technology, Diliman, Quezon City 1101, Philippines
| | - Custer C. Deocaris
- Atomic Research Division, Philippine Nuclear Research Institute, Department of Science & Technology, Diliman, Quezon City 1101, Philippines
- BANToxics, Barangay Central, Quezon City, 1100 Philippines
| | - Lhevy D. Geraldo
- Earth and Space Sciences Department, College of Arts and Sciences, Rizal Technological University, Mandaluyong City 1550, Philippines
| | - Lawrence P. Belo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, De La Salle University, Manila 1004, Philippines
- BANToxics, Barangay Central, Quezon City, 1100 Philippines
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Dong W, Hu T, Zhang Q, Deng F, Wang M, Kong J, Dai Y. Prediction of Food Safety Risk Level of Wheat in China Based on Pyraformer Neural Network Model for Heavy Metal Contamination. Foods 2023; 12:foods12091843. [PMID: 37174381 PMCID: PMC10178099 DOI: 10.3390/foods12091843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Heavy metal contamination in wheat not only endangers human health, but also causes crop quality degradation, leads to economic losses and affects social stability. Therefore, this paper proposes a Pyraformer-based model to predict the safety risk level of Chinese wheat contaminated with heavy metals. First, based on the heavy metal sampling data of wheat and the dietary consumption data of residents, a wheat risk level dataset was constructed using the risk evaluation method; a data-driven approach was used to classify the dataset into risk levels using the K-Means++ clustering algorithm; and, finally, on the constructed dataset, Pyraformer was used to predict the risk assessment indicator and, thus, the risk level. In this paper, the proposed model was compared to the constructed dataset, and for the dataset with the lowest risk level, the precision and recall of this model still reached more than 90%, which was 25.38-4.15% and 18.42-5.26% higher, respectively. The model proposed in this paper provides a technical means for hierarchical management and early warning of heavy metal contamination of wheat in China, and also provides a scientific basis for dynamic monitoring and integrated prevention of heavy metal contamination of wheat in farmland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Dong
- National Engineering Research Centre for Agri-Product Quality Traceability, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
- China Food Flavor and Nutrition Health Innovation Center, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
- School of E-Business and Logistics, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Tianyu Hu
- National Engineering Research Centre for Agri-Product Quality Traceability, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
- China Food Flavor and Nutrition Health Innovation Center, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
- School of E-Business and Logistics, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Qingchuan Zhang
- National Engineering Research Centre for Agri-Product Quality Traceability, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
- China Food Flavor and Nutrition Health Innovation Center, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
- School of E-Business and Logistics, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Furong Deng
- National Engineering Research Centre for Agri-Product Quality Traceability, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
- China Food Flavor and Nutrition Health Innovation Center, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
- School of E-Business and Logistics, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Mengyao Wang
- National Engineering Research Centre for Agri-Product Quality Traceability, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
- China Food Flavor and Nutrition Health Innovation Center, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
- School of E-Business and Logistics, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Jianlei Kong
- National Engineering Research Centre for Agri-Product Quality Traceability, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
- China Food Flavor and Nutrition Health Innovation Center, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
- School of Artificial Intelligence, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Yishu Dai
- National Engineering Research Centre for Agri-Product Quality Traceability, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
- China Food Flavor and Nutrition Health Innovation Center, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
- School of E-Business and Logistics, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
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Ecological risk assessment and heavy metals accumulation in agriculture soils irrigated with treated wastewater effluent, river water, and well water combined with chemical fertilizers. Heliyon 2023; 9:e14580. [PMID: 36967922 PMCID: PMC10034443 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Contaminated irrigation water can increase trace heavy metals concentration in agricultural soil. The present research aimed to investigate the effect of three types of irrigation water sources, including treated wastewater effluent, Gharasoo river water, and well water with chemical fertilizer, on the accumulation and ecological risk of heavy metals in agricultural soils. Soil samples were collected before and after crop irrigation to evaluate heavy metal concentrations. The samples were analyzed to determine the presence of arsenic, nickel, cadmium, iron, chromium, zinc, lead, copper, and manganese. Based on the results, the concentration of essential metals in the soil before the irrigation process was more than toxic metals. The different irrigation sources increased the concentration of all heavy metals in the soil, and the accumulation of Cr, Ni, and Cd significantly elevated more than others. Irrigation resources' effectiveness in transferring heavy metals to the soil was obtained as treated wastewater effluent < well water with fertilizer < river water. Furthermore, the potential ecological risk index (RI) for irrigated soil was in a high-risk category. Therefore, it is recommended that the river water should not be used to irrigate vegetables to the utmost possible. Finally, the low heavy metals concentration and the presence of nutrients in treated wastewater effluent make this source the most suited source of irrigation because it eliminates the need for chemical fertilizers by farmers and transfers fewer heavy metals to the soil.
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Thakur RS, Kumar A, Lugun O, Ansari NG, Prasad S, Das T, Gupta N, Patel DK. Evaluation of heavy metal contaminants in prepared noodles: source allocation and health risk assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:25181-25192. [PMID: 34846664 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17491-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, special attention has been given to emission research that led to the deposition of toxicants from road traffic. Thus, it is imperative to focus on heavy metal (HM) stressors in food items, their source contribution, and health risk assessment providing insight into their spatial role at the population level. In this study, heavy metal in the street vended noodles was studied while correlating the quality of noodle with different environmental origins. The samples were prepared using acid digestion and analysed by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer, except Hg which was analysed by direct mercury analyser. The results showed that some heavy metals like Cr, Pb, Mn, Cd, and Hg exceed their permissible limits established by the international legislation for food products. In the noodle samples, the concentration of heavy metal ranged from < 0.1 to 0.904 mg/kg for Pb, < 0.09 to 0.843 mg/kg for Ni, < 0.004 to 0.201 mg/kg for Cd, < 0.0001 to 0.004 mg/kg for Hg, < 0.01 to 1.388 mg/kg for Cu, < 0.015 to 8.049 mg/kg for Mn, and < 0.02 to 16.514 mg/kg for Cr. Noodle samples vended on high traffic density streets are directly associated with increased HM content due to atmospheric deposition from the surrounding. Source apportionment study determines that HM contamination belongs to the same source of origin, except Cr. Based on the cluster analysis, these samples fall into three major groups that were further validated by the canonical discriminant function. Health risk prediction by Monte Carlo simulation revealed an elevated non-carcinogenic health hazard risk to consumers with a hazard index (HI) shift from 71 to 75%. Health hazard analysis showed that consumers of high traffic density street vended food are at higher risk of developing health-related issues. This study is important to evaluate the health risk of the population exposed to heavy metals due to ingestion of street vended food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravindra Singh Thakur
- Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, Regulatory Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, M. G. Marg, P. O. Box-80, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226001, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Aditya Kumar
- Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, Regulatory Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, M. G. Marg, P. O. Box-80, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226001, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Onila Lugun
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
- Nanomaterial Toxicology Laboratory, Nanomaterial Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, M. G. Marg, P. O. Box-80, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226001, India
| | - Nasreen Ghazi Ansari
- Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, Regulatory Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, M. G. Marg, P. O. Box-80, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226001, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Satgur Prasad
- Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, Regulatory Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, M. G. Marg, P. O. Box-80, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226001, India
| | - Triparna Das
- Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, Regulatory Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, M. G. Marg, P. O. Box-80, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226001, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Neha Gupta
- Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, Regulatory Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, M. G. Marg, P. O. Box-80, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226001, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Devendra Kumar Patel
- Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, Regulatory Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, M. G. Marg, P. O. Box-80, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226001, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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Shetaya WH, Bailey EH, Young SD, Mohamed EF, Antoniadis V, Rinklebe J, Shaheen SM, Marzouk ER. Soil and plant contamination by potentially toxic and emerging elements and the associated human health risk in some Egyptian environments. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2023; 45:359-379. [PMID: 34676511 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-021-01097-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to assess the origins, mobility, bioavailability and potential health risks of V, Cr, Co, As, Se, Mo, Cd, Sn and Sb, which are not sufficiently studied in the terrestrial environment of Egypt. This has been carried out by employing a combination of chemical fractionation, plants uptake, mathematical modeling and risk assessment approaches on a wide range of soils and plants sampled from industrial, urban and agricultural locations across Egypt. The contents of As, Cd, Sn and Sb were elevated in the soils of some urban and industrial locations within Cairo, although their soil geo-accumulation (Igeo) indices remained ≤ 2, indicating only moderate contamination. Selenium showed moderate to heavy contamination levels (Igeo up to 4.7) in all sampling locations, and Sb was highly elevated (Igeo = 7.1; extreme contamination) in one industrial location. Therefore, Se was the most important contributor to the pollution load followed by Sb and Cd. Both principle component analysis (of total content) and geochemical fractionation (by sequential extraction) suggested that V, Cr and Co are mostly of geogenic origin, while Se and Sb contents appear to be highly influenced by anthropogenic inputs. The most mobile and bioavailable element was Cd with a large non-residual fraction in all soils (76% of total Cd). The bio-concentration factors of Cd in leafy and fruiting plants were 50 times larger than other elements (except Mo) indicating preferential systematic plant uptake of Cd. Risk assessment models showed an overall low noncarcinogenic and carcinogenic risks to the population of Egypt due to the studied elements with only a few anomalies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waleed H Shetaya
- Air Pollution Research Department, Environmental Research Division, National Research Centre, 33 El-Bohouth St., Dokki, 12622, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Elizabeth H Bailey
- Division of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Scott D Young
- Division of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Elham F Mohamed
- Air Pollution Research Department, Environmental Research Division, National Research Centre, 33 El-Bohouth St., Dokki, 12622, Giza, Egypt
| | - Vasileios Antoniadis
- Department of Agriculture Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Volos, Greece
| | - Jörg Rinklebe
- School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water- and Waste Management, Laboratory of Soil- and Groundwater-Management, University of Wuppertal, Pauluskirchstraße 7, 42285, Wuppertal, Germany
- Department of Environment, Energy and Geoinformatics, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, Republic of Korea
- International Research Centre of Nanotechnology for Himalayan Sustainability (IRCNHS), Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 173212, India
| | - Sabry M Shaheen
- School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water- and Waste Management, Laboratory of Soil- and Groundwater-Management, University of Wuppertal, Pauluskirchstraße 7, 42285, Wuppertal, Germany.
- Faculty of Meteorology, Environment and Arid Land Agriculture, Department of Arid Land Agriculture, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia.
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Soil and Water Sciences, University of Kafrelsheikh, Kafr El-Sheikh, 33 516, Egypt.
| | - Ezzat R Marzouk
- Division of Soil and Water Sciences, Faculty of Environmental Agricultural Sciences, Arish University, North Sinai, 45516, Egypt.
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Xu J, Zhang Q, Wang S, Nan Z, Long S, Wu Y, Dong S. Bioavailability, transfer, toxicological effects, and contamination assessment of arsenic and mercury in soil-corn systems. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:10063-10078. [PMID: 36066802 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22847-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Sewage irrigation has solved the shortage of agricultural water and increased the content of heavy metal(loid)s (HMs) in soil-crop systems, which harms human health via the food chain. In this study, 43 pairs of soil and corn samples (leaf, stem1, stem2, stem3, root, husk, grain, and corncob) were collected in the Dongdagou (DDG) and Xidagou (XDG) streams of Baiyin City. Fraction and transfer of As and Hg were investigated, and toxicological effects and contamination were assessed in soil-corn systems. The results showed that the mean values of As and Hg in soil were 33.79 mg/kg and 0.96 mg/kg, respectively, which exceeded the soil background values in Gansu Province. As and Hg are mainly dominated by the residual fraction. Total and bioavailability contributed significantly to As and Hg accumulation in corn, with root, stem3, and leaf accumulating more strongly. The results based on the bioavailability concentration soil-corn transfer factor indicated that As and Hg tended to accumulate more in the root, stem3, and leaf and less in grain, and further assessment of the human health effects of consuming contaminated cron is needed. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) results showed that As and Hg were not significantly toxic to corn parts, indicating morphology. As and Hg were bound to hydroxyl groups in the outer epidermal cell wall of the roots, thereby reducing upward translocation. The trinity assessment (TA) model results indicated that the most severe contamination was found in root and stem1. The TA provides a practical tool for soil-cron systems and helps develop management strategies to prevent ecological hazards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Xu
- College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Sichuan, 610065, China
| | - Shengli Wang
- College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
| | - Zhongren Nan
- College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Song Long
- College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yining Wu
- College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Suhang Dong
- College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
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Hoshyari E, Hassanzadeh N, Keshavarzi B, Jaafarzadeh N, Rezaei M. Spatial distribution, source apportionment, and ecological risk assessment of elements (PTEs, REEs, and ENs) in the surface soil of shiraz city (Iran) under different land-use types. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 311:137045. [PMID: 36419265 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
In this study, 100 samples were collected from the topsoil of different land-use types (urban, industrial and agricultural) in Shiraz. The content of 26 elements was analyzed. CF, EF, Igeo, NPI, and PLI indices were used to evaluate soil pollution. Ecological risk assessment of metals was calculated by using Er and RI indexes. PCA analysis and the PMF model were used to determine the source of metals in soil. Also, the spatial distribution of metals and risk index were plotted using inverse distance weighting (IDW) with ArcGIS software (10.3). The metal concentrations in the soil ranged from 0.2067 ± 0.0946 (Ag) to 85,673.50 ± 4689.27 (Ca) mg kg-1. The results show that all elements' Concentration in soils was lower than the DOE level. The mean concentration of All rare earth elements (REEs) was lower than WSA and ECM values. Hotspot points pollution of some metals such as Pb, Cd, and Ni are located in high-traffic parts of the urban area. Otherwise, hot spot points of As pollution are located in industrial sample points. Results of indexes show that Sb in urban and agricultural soils have highe mean values of CF (6.75 and 6.85) and Iegeo (2.17 and 2.13), respectively. In industrial soils, S has highe mean values of CF (14.95), EF (100.26), and Igeo (2.95). The PLI index shows that REEs (PLI <1) have no pollution, but PTEs and ENs have pollution (PLI >1). The mean Er, value shows that Sb (127.33) and Cd (104) have significant risk among metals. PCA and PMF models show that The main sources of elements in shiraz soil are vehicularly emitted, fertilizer use, sewage irrigation, atmospheric deposition, and parent material. Generally, results show that Most of the study area has considerable risk, especially concerning PTEs. So, it is recommended to pay more attention to the issue of traffic in the urban environment in to improve the state of the urban area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebrahim Hoshyari
- Department of Environmental Sciences, College of Faculty of Natural Resource and Environmental, Malayer University, Malayer, Iran.
| | - Nasrin Hassanzadeh
- Department of Environmental Sciences, College of Faculty of Natural Resource and Environmental, Malayer University, Malayer, Iran.
| | - Behnam Keshavarzi
- Department of Earth Sciences, College of Science, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Nematollah Jaafarzadeh
- Environmental Technologies Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Mahrooz Rezaei
- Meteorology and Air Quality Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
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Singh PK, Shikha D, Saw S. Evaluation of potential toxic heavy metal contamination in soil, fly ash, vegetables and grain crops along with associated ecological and health risk assessment of nearby inhabitants of a thermal power station in Jharkhand (India). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:7752-7769. [PMID: 36042136 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22638-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate the potential toxic heavy metal (PTHM) concentrations and associated ecological and health risk of nearby inhabitants (child and adult populations) of the Bokaro thermal power station (BTPS), Jharkhand, India. The fly ash containing PTHMs is released from the thermal power plant and contaminates the soil of the nearby agricultural area, roadside area and residential area. Furthermore, PTHMs cause ecological risk as well as carcinogenic health effects in adults. Inhabitants are exposed to PTHMs through exposure pathways (for instance, direct ingestion, dermal contact and air inhalation), and PTHMs were examined in this study by calculating the estimated daily intake (EDI). The contamination factor (Cf) of Cd exceeded the threshold value throughout the study area, whereas the Cf of Hg was observed higher only in roadside soil (RSS). The geoaccumulation index (Igeo) of Cd was higher in the top soil of agricultural soil (AS) (7.39) and RSS (9.38). The level of PTHMs was monitored slightly higher in the topsoil of RSS. The ecological risk index (Eri) was detected to be the highest in RSS (1628.9). The permissible limit of Cd (0.05 mg kg-1) and Pb (0.1 mg kg-1) for all sampled vegetables and grain crops was surpassed. The transfer factor (TF) of the studied vegetables and grain crops was in the order of Cd > Cr > Pb > Hg > As. The results of the present study concluded that the hazard quotient (HQ) values for all PTHMs analysed in soil throughout the study area were < 1, which indicates that the child population was within the safe limit. However, the adult population was at a high risk of non-carcinogenic health effects due to increased permissible limits of Cd, Pb and Cr in vegetables and grain crops whereas the target carcinogenic risk (TCR) of Pb and Cr was higher and indicated that there may be a health risk of cancer in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasoon Kumar Singh
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, IIT (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, Jharkhand, 826004, India
| | - Deep Shikha
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, IIT (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, Jharkhand, 826004, India.
| | - Shivam Saw
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, IIT (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, Jharkhand, 826004, India
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Yi M, Zhang S, Li M, Xiang J, Tang B, Yan X, Zheng J, Li G, An T. Spatial Distribution Profiles and Human-Health Risks of Heavy Metals in Surrounding Area Surface Soils of a Petrochemical Complex. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:16930. [PMID: 36554812 PMCID: PMC9778647 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192416930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Despite the growing concern raised by organic pollutants from the petrochemical industry to the surrounding soils, the heavy metal (HM) pollution in these soils remains understudied. This study investigated the levels, potential sources, and human-health risks of 12 HMs in soils inside and in surrounding areas of a petrochemical complex. Generally, the levels of 12 HMs in all soil samples were lower than the national standard of China, except for the Cd in one surrounding soil sample. Approximately 40.9% and 98.1% of soils around and inside the petrochemical complex, respectively, were at slightly contaminated levels. The HM pollution in 94.4% of soils inside and 32% of soils in surrounding areas were mainly affected by petrochemical production. Human-health risk showed that although As posed an acceptable cancer risk for adults both in and around the complex, high cancer risk for surrounding children from As was observed. Moreover, around the complex, Cr, Cd, and Pb posed acceptable cancer risks for children, while Cd posed an acceptable cancer risk for adults. The spatial distribution of the health risks decreased with increasing distance from the complex. Overall, our results demonstrate that it is essential to minimize human exposure to HMs originating from the petrochemical industry, especially As, Cr, Cd, and Pb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Yi
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Guangdong Technology Research Center for Photocatalytic Technology Integration and Equipment Engineering, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Shiyi Zhang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Min Li
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Jun Xiang
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Guangdong Technology Research Center for Photocatalytic Technology Integration and Equipment Engineering, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Bin Tang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Xiao Yan
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Jing Zheng
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Guiying Li
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Guangdong Technology Research Center for Photocatalytic Technology Integration and Equipment Engineering, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Taicheng An
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Guangdong Technology Research Center for Photocatalytic Technology Integration and Equipment Engineering, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
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Investigation of health risk assessment and the effect of various irrigation water on the accumulation of toxic metals in the most widely consumed vegetables in Iran. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20806. [PMID: 36460691 PMCID: PMC9718763 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-25101-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The quality of irrigation water sources can significantly affect the concentrations of heavy metals (HMs) in cultivated vegetables. This study aimed to investigate the effect of various water resources, including treated wastewater effluent (TWE), river water (RW), and well water with chemical fertilizer (WW+F), on the accumulation of heavy metals (HMs) in the three most widely consumed edible vegetables (Coriander, Radish, and Basil) in Iran. A total of 90 samples of edible vegetables, 13 samples of irrigation water, and 10 soil samples were collected to determine HMs concentrations. Iron (Fe), Zinc (Zn), Copper (Cu), Manganese (Mn), Lead (Pb), Cadmium (Cd), Chromium (Cr), Nickel (Ni,) and Arsenic (As) were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). Eventually, the Total Target Hazard Quotient (TTHQ) for the toxic metals of As, Pb, and Cd was determined. The results revealed that the TTHQ of toxic metals in vegetables was less than the allowable limits (TTHQ = 1). Also, TWE was the best irrigation water type since the HMs content of vegetables was low. By comparing the results with national and international standards, it can be concluded that the Gharasou RW for irrigation of edible vegetables was inappropriate.
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Gorka R, Kumar R, Yadav S, Verma A. Health implications, distribution and source apportionment of heavy metals in road deposited dust of Jammu City in northern India. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 308:136475. [PMID: 36122744 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Road deposited dust (RDD) is an important indicators of heavy metal contamination in urban areas. In this study, we measured eight heavy metals (V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Pb) in RDD collected from 34 different locations in Jammu city represented by different land uses such as industrial, urban-residential, high-density traffic, and sub-urban locations, and evaluated their ecological and health risks. The ratio of metal concentrations in RDD to their respective background levels varied as: Cu (3.94) > Pb (3.75) > Zn (3.01) > Cr (1.75) > Ni (1.51) > Mn (1.40) > V (1.35) > Fe (1.1) suggesting Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn and Pb were enriched anthropogenically. Geospatial maps revealed a heterogeneous distribution of metals in Jammu city with metal(s) specific hotspots primarily localized around high traffic density locations and industrial clusters. The index of geoaccumulation indicated 32%, 26%, 20%, 9%, and 8%, of samples belonged to "moderately polluted" category for Zn, Cu, Pb, Cr, and Ni respectively. Health index (HI) showed low non-carcinogenic hazards of metal contamination to adults but a high hazard to children. Though the values of total carcinogenic risks (TCR) (6.53E-05 to 3.71E-04) considerably exceeded the USEPA acceptable levels (1 × 10-6 ≤ TCR <1 × 10-4) suggesting high carcinogenic risks of metal contamination to both adults and children. Besides potential ecological risk index (PERI) revealed that 56% of samples had PERI >40 suggesting "moderate to high ecological risk" of metal contamination in the Jammu city RDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruby Gorka
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Jammu, J&K, 180006, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Jammu, J&K, 180006, India.
| | - Sudesh Yadav
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, 110067, India
| | - Anju Verma
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, 110067, India
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Wang Z, Bai L, Zhang Y, Zhao K, Wu J, Fu W. Spatial variation, sources identification and risk assessment of soil heavy metals in a typical Torreya grandis cv. Merrillii plantation region of southeastern China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 849:157832. [PMID: 35932857 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Torreya grandis (Torreya grandis cv. Merrillii) is a unique nut tree species in China. Currently, researches on Torreya grandis focus on nuts quality and yield, while few works are related to the soil quality of Torreya grandis plantation. In this study, the typical Torreya grandis production areas of Zhuji, Shengzhou, Keqiao and Dongyang cities along the Kuaiji Mountain were selected. A total of 121 topsoil samples (0-20 cm) were collected based on a grid of 1 km × 1 km. The results indicated that the average concentrations of Cd, Cr, Cu, As, Ni and Pb in soils were 0.12, 49.01, 27.95, 14.28, 26.97 and 40.28 mg kg-1, respectively. The concentrations of six heavy metals all exceeded the background values, and there were different degrees of pollution levels. The results of Moran's I indicated that the spatial high-high clusters of soil heavy metals were mainly distributed in Zhuji and the junction of Shengzhou and Keqiao. The partial least squares path analysis of structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) showed that OM and soil nutrients had extremely significant effects on soil heavy metals. Sources identification of principle component analysis (PCA) and positive matrix factorization model (PMF) revealed that agricultural activities, natural factors and mining were the main sources of soil heavy metals. The human health risks caused by soil heavy metals pollution were generally acceptable based on Monte Carlo simulation method. For the heavy-metal polluted area, management measures should be considered in order to protect human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an 311300, China; Zhejiang Public Welfare and State Forest Farm Management Station, Hangzhou 310020, China
| | - Longlong Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an 311300, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Zhejiang Public Welfare and State Forest Farm Management Station, Hangzhou 310020, China
| | - Keli Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an 311300, China
| | - Jiasen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an 311300, China
| | - Weijun Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an 311300, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbon Cycling in Forest Ecosystems and Carbon Sequestration, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an 311300, China.
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Li X, Zhou L, Zhang C, Li D, Wang Z, Sun D, Liao C, Zhang Q. Spatial distribution and risk assessment of fluorine and cadmium in rice, corn, and wheat grains in most karst regions of Guizhou province, China. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1014147. [PMID: 36337645 PMCID: PMC9626765 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1014147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The pollution status of crops planted in Guizhou province of Southwestern China with high background values of Fluorine (F) and Cadmium (Cd) has attracted people’s concern. The present study aimed to investigate the spatial distributions of F and Cd in rice, corn and wheat grains, and further evaluate their health risks to residents in Guizhou province. The contents of F and Cd were measured by fluoride ion-selective electrode and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) methods, respectively. Additionally, the inverse distance weighted (IDW) technique was conducted to analyze spatial distribution, and the health risk was estimated by target hazard quotient (THQ) and hazardous index (HI). The results indicate that Cd contents in samples varied from 0.000 to 0.463 for rice, 0.000 to 0.307 for corn, and 0.012 to 0.537 (mg/kg) for wheat, while F contents ranged from 0.825 to 5.193 (rice), 0.946 to 8.485 (corn), and 0.271 to 9.143 (wheat) mg/kg. The Cd exceeding ratios were 11.600% for rice, 13.500% for corn, and 45.100% for wheat grains, respectively. In terms of spatial distribution, high levels of F and Cd in rice were found in the northern and central in Guizhou, while Cd in corn was distributed in the eastern and F in corn were distributed in the west area of Guizhou. Moreover, the high levels of F and Cd in wheat were distributed in the western and eastern areas. The mean carcinogenic risks (R) of Cd in rice, corn, and wheat in children were 4.150 × 10–4, 1.670 × 10–4 and 3.470 × 10–4, respectively, and that in adults were 3.430 × 10–4, 0.471 × 10–4, and 2.190 × 10–4, respectively. The HI for adults in rice, corn and wheat grains were 0.756, 0.154, and 0.514, respectively, and that for children were 0.913, 0.549, and 0.814, respectively. Collectively, the potential risks produced by F and Cd to the local residents should not be ignored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangxiang Li
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Luoxiong Zhou
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Dasuan Li
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Zelan Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Dali Sun
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Chaoxuan Liao
- Guizhou Academy of Testing and Analysis, Guiyang, China
| | - Qinghai Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- *Correspondence: Qinghai Zhang,
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Gao JQ, Yu Y, Wang DH, Liu LJ, Wang W, Dai HZ, Cen K. Hydrogeochemical characterization and water quality assessment in Altay, Xinjiang, northwest China. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2022; 194:832. [PMID: 36166099 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-10413-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The safety of drinking and irrigation water is an issue of great concern worldwide. The rational development and utilization of water resources are vital for the economic and societal stability of Altay, an extremely arid area. In this study, three types of water samples (25 river waters, 10 groundwaters, 6 lake waters) were collected from main rivers and lakes in Altay and analyzed for electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, pH, major ions (i.e., K+, Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+, HCO3-, Cl-, SO42-, NO3-, NO2-, F-), and trace elements (i.e., Al, Li, B, Sc, Ti, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Rb, Sr, Mo, I, Ba, U). The water quality index (WQI), hazard quotient, carcinogenic risk, Na percentage, and Na adsorption ratio were then calculated to evaluate the water quality for drinking and irrigation. The results showed that the main hydrochemical type of river waters and groundwaters was Ca-HCO3, whereas that of lake water was mainly Na-SO4. The WQIs (9.39-170.69) indicated that the water quality in Altay ranged from poor to excellent. The concentrations of As, Ni, and U need to be carefully monitored since their average carcinogenic risks (for all waters collected, for adults) reached 0.05686, 0.06801, and 0.14527 and exceeded the safety risk levels (10-4-10-6) by at least 568 times, 680 times, and 1452 times, respectively. The result of Na% and SAR indicated that lake waters (with Na% of 62.92 and SAR of 41.63) and groundwaters (with Na% of 37.88 and SAR of 5.58) in Altay were unsuitable for irrigation, while river water (with Na% of 29.24 and SAR of 3.33) could meet the irrigation quality requirements. The results of this study could help promote reasonable water resource use among three types of waters and population protection in Altay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan-Qin Gao
- School of Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Metallogeny and Mineral Resource Assessment, Institute of Mineral Resources, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing, 100037, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Metallogeny and Mineral Resource Assessment, Institute of Mineral Resources, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing, 100037, People's Republic of China.
| | - Deng-Hong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Metallogeny and Mineral Resource Assessment, Institute of Mineral Resources, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing, 100037, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Jun Liu
- Geology and Mineral Resources Scientific Institute of Sichuan Exploration Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, Chengdu, 610036, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wang
- Geology and Mineral Resources Scientific Institute of Sichuan Exploration Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, Chengdu, 610036, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Zhang Dai
- Key Laboratory of Metallogeny and Mineral Resource Assessment, Institute of Mineral Resources, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing, 100037, People's Republic of China
| | - Kuang Cen
- School of Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
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Zhang F, Wang Y, Liao X. Recognition method for the health risks of potentially toxic elements in a headwater catchment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 839:156287. [PMID: 35636553 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The spatial association of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in soil-crop-groundwater systems is poorly recognised. In this study, the contents of arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu) and lead (Pb) in paddy soils, rice and groundwater in the Xiancha River catchment were determined. The intrinsic effects of PTEs in soils on their spatial distribution in groundwater and rice were explored. Also, the potential sources and health risks of PTEs in multi-media were investigated. Results showed that the mean contents of As and Cd in soils were 23.86 and 0.26 mg kg-1, respectively. In groundwater, the maximum (average) content of As reached 6.55 (1.84) μg L-1. Moreover, As contents in soils and groundwater showed a sound spatial correlation (q = 0.81), and this is supported by the result of the soil column experiment, indicating homology and the strong vertical migration capacity of As. The non-homologous patterns of Pb, Cu and Cd contaminations in soil-groundwater system suggested that geogenic processes influenced the distribution of these PTEs. Cd presented a poor spatial correlation in soil-rice system, as multiple factors controlled its transfer process. Multivariate statistical analysis results demonstrated that As, Cu and Pb in soils mainly came from agricultural sources, whereas high Cd levels were from mining activities. Additionally, direct consumption of As-contaminated groundwater and Cd-contaminated rice posed significant health risks to local residents. This study, which proposes a risk recognition method used to investigate target PTEs in multi-media, may serve as a valuable reference for further research involving catchments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengsong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Zhongke-Ji'an Institute for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Ji'an 343000, China.
| | - Yonglu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaoyong Liao
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
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Wu D, Liu H, Wu J, Gao X, Nyasha NK, Cai G, Zhang W. Bi-Directional Pollution Characteristics and Ecological Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Soil and Crops in Wanjiang Economic Zone, Anhui Province, China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:9669. [PMID: 35955041 PMCID: PMC9368329 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19159669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the extent of contamination, sources and various carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks associated with different heavy metals in soil-crop systems is crucial for the prevention of heavy metal pollution. A survey was undertaken to determine heavy metal concentrations and degree of pollution in soil-crop systems (rice, wheat, and corn) using various indices such as pollution factor (CF), geo-accumulation index (Igeo), enrichment coefficients and transfer coefficient, and to determine the source of heavy metals pollution in the Wanjiang Economic Zone, Anhui Province, China. A total of 308 pairs of soil-crop samples were collected in this study, comprising 245 pairs of soil-rice samples, 53 pairs of soil-wheat samples, and 10 pairs of soil-corn samples. The concentrations of cadmium (Cd) and nickel (Ni) in the soil of the study area exceeded the national limitation of heavy metals in the soil of China (GB 15618-2018, Soil Environmental Quality: Risk Control Standard for Soil Contamination of Agricultural Land. Ministry of Environmental Protection of China. Beijing. China). The concentrations of copper (Cu), zinc (Zn) and lead (Pb) were also above the national limits to a lesser extent. All eight heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb Zn, arsenic (As), chromium (Cr), and mercury (Hg)) exceeded the background values in the study area. The enrichment coefficients of rice, wheat and maize to Cd, Cu and Zn were higher than those to other elements. On the basis of Igeo, it can be indicated that the rhizosphere soil of rice was slightly polluted by Cd and Hg, while the concentrations of the other heavy metals were below the safety limits. The CF and pollution load index (PLI) indicated that the soil in the study area was heavily contaminated with heavy metals. A principal component analysis identified different sources of soil heavy metal pollution, that is, Cu, Pb, Zn and Cd from industrial sources, Cr and Ni from natural sources, and As and Hg from agricultural sources. The carcinogenic risk of heavy metals was related to the intake of crops. Residents in the study area ingest rice, wheat, and corn on a daily basis. On the basis this study, it is suggested that local governments should pay attention to the carcinogenic risk of heavy metals in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Underground Detection Technology, School of Civil Engineering, Anhui Jianzhu University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Hai Liu
- Public Geological Survey Management Center in Anhui Province, Hefei 230091, China
| | - Jian Wu
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Underground Detection Technology, School of Civil Engineering, Anhui Jianzhu University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Xia Gao
- School of Architecture & Urban Planning, Anhui Jianzhu University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Ndhlovu kataza Nyasha
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Underground Detection Technology, School of Civil Engineering, Anhui Jianzhu University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Guojun Cai
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Underground Detection Technology, School of Civil Engineering, Anhui Jianzhu University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Wenyong Zhang
- Exploration Research Institute, Anhui Provincial Bureau of Coal Geology, Hefei 230088, China
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Mmaduakor EC, Umeh CT, Morah JE, Omokpariola DO, Ekwuofu AA, Onwuegbuokwu SS. Pollution status, health risk assessment of potentially toxic elements in soil and their uptake by gongronema latifolium in peri-urban of Ora-Eri, south-eastern Nigeria. Heliyon 2022; 8:e10362. [PMID: 36061016 PMCID: PMC9433675 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Pollution monitoring of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in a typical peri-urban area in Ora-Eri, Nigeria has been unchecked. Thus, unified evaluation process was developed to assess the pollution load index and potential health risk to inhabitants in mapped regions. The environmental risk was evaluated using contamination factor, geo-accumulation index and Nemerow integrated index. The source of heavy metal pollution was identified by Pearson correlation statistics. Public health risk caused by intake of leafy vegetables and soil exposure were estimated in regard to location of the farmland. The soil was non-contaminated by lead (Pb), arsenic (As), selenium (Se) and chromium (Cr) but gongronema latifolium was contaminated with As exceeding WHO/FAO limit. The bioaccumulation of PTEs in the vegetable follows this order: Se > Pb > As > Cr. The retention of selenium in leaf is high because is an essential metalloid. The pollution status of the studied locations ranged from low to moderate. Arsenic is the main contributor to the ecological contamination. The potential hazard health risk ranged from 5.37E-03 to 2.75E-02 for adults and 5.40E-02 to 2.60E-01 for children. The cancer risk for adults (2.43E-06 to 1.24E-05) and children (8.75E-05 to 1.15E-04) exceeded the acceptable standard (1 × 10-6) signifying gradual cancer effects. Therefore, the estimated hazard index and total cancer risk revealed that children are more prone to potential health risk than adults. Nevertheless, further continuous works should be carried out to monitor health risk in humans especially children and the control management policy of the peri-urban area should be adopted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chisom Theresa Umeh
- Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka, Nigeria
| | - Joy Ebele Morah
- Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka, Nigeria
| | | | - Azubuike Amos Ekwuofu
- Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka, Nigeria
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
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Effects of Amendments and Indigenous Microorganisms on the Growth and Cd and Pb Uptake of Coriander ( Coriandrum sativum L.) in Heavy Metal-Contaminated Soils. TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10080408. [PMID: 35893841 PMCID: PMC9332394 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10080408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal (HM) contamination of soils is a worldwide problem with adverse consequences to the environment and human health. For the safe production of vegetables in contaminated soil, efficient soil amendments need to be applied such as nano-hydroxyapatite (n-HAP) and poly γ-glutamic acid (γ-PGA), which can mitigate heavy metal uptake and enhance crop yield. However, the combined effects of soil amendments and indigenous microorganisms (IMOs) on HMs immobilisation and accumulation by crops have received little attention. We established a pot experiment to investigate the effects of IMOs combined with n-HAP and γ-PGA on coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) growth and its Cd and Pb uptake in two acidic soils contaminated with HMs. The study demonstrated that applying n-HAP, with and without IMOs, significantly increased shoot dry biomass and reduced plant Cd and Pb uptake and diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) extractable Cd and Pb concentrations in most cases. However, γ-PGA, with and without IMOs, only reduced soil DTPA-extractable Pb concentrations in slightly contaminated soil with 0.29 mg/kg Cd and 50.9 mg/kg Pb. Regardless of amendments, IMOs independently increased shoot dry biomass and soil DTPA-extractable Cd concentrations in moderately contaminated soil with 1.08 mg/kg Cd and 100.0 mg/kg Pb. A synergistic effect was observed with a combined IMOs and n-HAP treatment, where DTPA-extractable Cd and Pb concentrations decreased in slightly contaminated soil compared with the independent IMOs and n-HAP treatments. The combined treatment of γ-PGA and IMOs substantially increased shoot dry biomass in moderately contaminated soil. These results indicate that solo n-HAP enhanced plant growth and soil Cd and Pb immobilisation, and mitigated Cd and Pb accumulation in shoots. However, the combination of n-HAP and IMOs was optimal for stabilising and reducing HMs' uptake and promoting plant growth in contaminated soil, suggesting its potential for safe crop production.
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Influence of Solar Photovoltaic System on the Concentration and Environmental Risks of Heavy Metals in Subsidence Pond Water from Coal Mining Area: A Case Study from Huainan Subsidence Pond. WATER 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/w14142257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The subsidence pond is an important water resource for coal mining areas in China. In order to take full advantage of the subsidence pond, a floating photovoltaic cover or a pillaring photovoltaic cover were installed on the surface water of the subsidence pond in the Huainan coal field. Different photovoltaic systems (floating/pilling cover) equipped in the subsidence pond may affect the water quality; thus, assessing the metals in the subsidence pond with the solar photovoltaic system is of great importance for environment control. In this research, surface water samples were collected from three different subsidence ponds, with or without the solar photovoltaic system. The concentrations of Pb, Cr, Ni, Cu, As, Mn, and Zn in the water of the subsidence pond were determined using ICP-MS and AFS. Then, the health risk posed by the heavy metal in different subsidence pond waters via the ingestion pathway was evaluated and analyzed using the assessment model recommended by USEPA. The results indicated that the mean concentrations of Pb, Cr, Ni, Cu, As, Mn, and Zn in the water of different subsidence ponds were less than the environmental quality standards for surface water (China, Grade II). Cr showed a higher non-carcinogenic risk than the other metals, and the photovoltaic cover actually decreased the total non-carcinogenic risk in the photovoltaic subsidence pond compared with the natural subsidence pond. Non-carcinogenic risks of single and total heavy metals in the subsidence ponds with or without solar photovoltaic systems were below 1; thus, these risks in different subsidence ponds were considered to be at an acceptable level. However, the potential single carcinogenic risks of Cr, Ni, and As; and the multielement carcinogenic risks of Pb, Cr, Ni, and As exceeded the limits of 1 × 10−6 and 1 × 10−4, respectively, suggesting that these metals showed single and total potential health risks in the subsidence pond, with or without the solar photovoltaic system. Further, the subsidence pond with the photovoltaic cover showed higher total carcinogenic risks in comparison with the natural subsidence pond. Therefore, a subsidence pond with a solar photovoltaic system should be monitored periodically to ensure the water safety.
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Yoon SJ, Hong S, Lee C, Lee J, Kim T, Lee J, Kim B, Noh J, Kwon BO, Khim JS. 10 years long-term assessment on characterizing spatiotemporal trend and source apportionment of metal(loid)s in terrestrial soils along the west coast of South Korea. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 826:154214. [PMID: 35240181 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Long-term trends in the spatial distributions and sources of metal(loid)s in soils adjacent to the west coastal areas of South Korea have been systematically investigated for 10 years (2010-2019). Monitoring in 17 sites clearly showed site- and region-specific distributions, being associated with land use type (significant differences, as road > agriculture > wild) (P < 0.05), rather than temporal variation. The great concentrations of all metal(loid)s were found near Lake Shihwa (LS) and Geum River (GG), near the road, indicating that transportation activity was the main source of metal(loid)s contamination in soil. Especially, Cd (0.5 mg kg-1), Hg (0.04 mg kg-1), Pb (65 mg kg-1), and Zn (184 mg kg-1), related to the transportation activity near the road, showed twice greater than other land use types, on average. The concentration of metal(loid)s in each site and with the same land use type did not greatly vary over the years, with no significant annual difference (P > 0.05). The degree of metal(loid)s contamination compared to the background levels was identified in the order of Pb > Zn > Cr > Cu > As>Cd > Ni > Hg, with the contaminated hotspots mostly in LS or GG. The potential ecological risk was evidenced for Cd and Hg, but such a trend was temporally irregular over the years, indicating site-specificity. The sources of metal(loid)s were carefully determined as natural (20%), fuel combustion & agricultural pollution (43%), and vehicular emissions (37%) using the Positive Matrix Factorization model. The relative contribution of each source to contamination over the last decade was found to be similar, supporting that site-dependent lesser variation in metal(loid)s contamination in the coastal areas of South Korea. Overall, the distribution of metal(loid)s in the soil near the west coastal areas over the last decade largely depended on land use activities, and contamination degree was associated with non-point sources, such as transportation and fuel combustion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seo Joon Yoon
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongjin Hong
- Department of Marine Environmental Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea.
| | - Changkeun Lee
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Junghyun Lee
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Taewoo Kim
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongmin Lee
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Beomgi Kim
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Junsung Noh
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong-Oh Kwon
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Kunsan National University, Kunsan 54150, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Seong Khim
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
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Ali W, Zhang H, Mao K, Shafeeque M, Aslam MW, Yang X, Zhong L, Feng X, Podgorski J. Chromium contamination in paddy soil-rice systems and associated human health risks in Pakistan. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 826:153910. [PMID: 35183642 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Chromium (Cr) contamination in paddy soil-rice systems threatens human health through the food chain. This study used a new dataset of 500 paddy soil and plant tissue samples collected in the rice-growing regions of Sindh and Punjab Provinces of Pakistan. Overall, 97.4% of grain samples exceeded the Cr threshold values of 1.0 mg kg-1, determined by the China National Food Standard (CNFS). The Cr in paddy soil, 62.6% samples exceeding the China natural background threshold value (90 mg kg-1) for Cr concentration in paddy soil, and lower than the (pH-dependant > 7.5 threshold value for Cr 350 mg kg-1) as determined by China Environmental Quality Standards (EQSs) for paddy soil (GB15618-2018). Geographically weighted regression (GWR) modelling showed spatially nonstationary correlations, confirming the heterogeneous relationship between dependent (rice grain Cr) and independent paddy soil (pH, SOM, and paddy soil Cr) and plant tissue variables (shoot Cr and root Cr) throughout the study area. The GWR model was then used to determine the critical threshold (CT) for the measured Cr concentrations in the paddy soil system. Overall, 38.4% of paddy soil samples exceeding CT values confirm that the paddy soil Cr risk prevails in the study area. Furthermore, the GWR model was applied to assess the loading capacity (LC), the difference between the CT, and the actual concentration of Cr in paddy soil. Loading capacity identified potential paddy soil Cr pollution risk to rice grain and assessed the risk areas. Overall LC% of samples paddy soil Cr risk areas grade: low-risk grade I (34.6%); moderate-risk grade II (15.8%); high-risk grade III (11.2%); and very high-risk grade IV (38.4%) have been assessed in the study area. The human health index, total hazard quotient (THQ ≪ 1), indicates no potential health risk originating from Cr exposure to the population. However, the excess Cr level in paddy soil and rice grain is still a concern. The current study's results are also valuable for the national decision-making process regarding Cr contamination in the paddy soil-rice system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waqar Ali
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, China..
| | - Kang Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, China
| | - Muhammad Shafeeque
- Institute of Geography, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany; International Water Management Institute (IWMI), Lahore, Pakistan; Key Lab of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modelling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101 Beijing, China
| | - Muhammad Wajahat Aslam
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, China
| | - Xuefeng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, China
| | - Li Zhong
- Guizhou Institute of Prataculture, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, Guizhou 550006, China
| | - Xinbin Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, China
| | - Joel Podgorski
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Department Water Resources and Drinking Water, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland.
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Sources, toxicity potential, and human health risk assessment of heavy metals-laden soil and dust of urban and suburban areas as affected by industrial and mining activities. Sci Rep 2022; 12:8972. [PMID: 35643781 PMCID: PMC9148304 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-12345-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Sources and levels of heavy metals (HMs) in soil and dust of urban and suburban areas in Riyadh (industrial city) and Mahad AD’Dahab (mining area) cities in Saudi Arabia were reported in this study. Additionally, the concentrations of HMs in different soil particle size fractions (> 250, 63–250 and < 63 µm) were reported. Pollution extent, and ecological and human health risks associated with collected soil and dust samples were explored. Contamination levels of HMs were higher in dust as compared to soil samples at all sites. The average integrated potential ecological risk in dust samples of urban area of Mahad AD’Dahab was 139, and thus characterized as a very-high-risk criterion. Enrichment factor (EF), correlation analyses, and principal component analysis showed that aluminum (Al), cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), titanium (Ti), and zinc (Zn) had mainly the lithogenic occurrence (EF < 2). However, Zn, copper (Cu), and lead (Pb) in Riyadh, and cadmium (Cd), Cu, Zn, and Pb in the Mahad AD’Dahab were affected by industrial and mining activities, respectively, that were of anthropogenic origins (EF > 2). The hazard index values of dust and soil (< 63 µm) samples in both urban and suburban areas in Mahad AD’Dahab were > 1, suggesting non-carcinogenic risk. Therefore, the dust and soil samples from the mined area of Mahad AD’Dahab had a higher pollution levels, as well as ecological and human health risks than those from Riyadh. Hence, the pollution of such residential environments with HMs (especially Cd, Cu, Zn, and Pb) needs to be monitored.
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Du Z, Lin D, Li H, Li Y, Chen H, Dou W, Qin L, An Y. Bibliometric Analysis of the Influencing Factors, Derivation, and Application of Heavy Metal Thresholds in Soil. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19116561. [PMID: 35682145 PMCID: PMC9180750 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19116561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The study of threshold levels of heavy metals in soil is essential for the assessment and management of soil environmental quality. This study reviewed the influencing factors, the derivation, and application aspects of heavy metals' threshold values comprehensively by a combination of bibliometric analysis and scientific knowledge mapping. A total of 1106 related studies were comprehensively extracted from the Web of Science database during the period from 2001 to 2020. The results showed that the publication output has been growing strongly. An analysis on the subject, journal, country, and institution was carried out to demonstrate the development and evolution of this research branch during the two decades. According to high-frequency keywords analysis, external factors (e.g., soil physicochemical properties) and internal factors (e.g., crop genotype) can affect heavy metal threshold values in the soil-crop system. The current methods mainly include the Point model (e.g., evaluation factor method), the Probability model (e.g., species sensitivity distribution method), and the Empirical model (e.g., ecological environment effect method). A threshold study can be applicable to the risk assessment for soil heavy metal contamination in order to determinate the soil pollution degree and its spatial and temporal distribution characteristics. Moreover, challenges and prospects of the study of heavy metal threshold values are proposed, indicating that research should focus on the relationships between human health risks and the established threshold values of heavy metals in the soil, long-term field trials and bioavailability of heavy metals for the derivation of the thresholds, and the establishment of more scientific and rational soil environmental benchmarks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaolin Du
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China; (Z.D.); (D.L.); (Y.L.); (H.C.)
| | - Dasong Lin
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China; (Z.D.); (D.L.); (Y.L.); (H.C.)
| | - Haifeng Li
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Agriculture Environment Monitoring, Beijing 100097, China;
| | - Yang Li
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China; (Z.D.); (D.L.); (Y.L.); (H.C.)
| | - Hongan Chen
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China; (Z.D.); (D.L.); (Y.L.); (H.C.)
| | - Weiqiang Dou
- College of Land Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;
| | - Li Qin
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China; (Z.D.); (D.L.); (Y.L.); (H.C.)
- Correspondence: (L.Q.); (Y.A.)
| | - Yi An
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China; (Z.D.); (D.L.); (Y.L.); (H.C.)
- Correspondence: (L.Q.); (Y.A.)
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Source Apportionment of Heavy Metal Contamination in Urban-Agricultural-Aquacultural Soils near the Bohai Bay Coast, Using Land-Use Classification and Google Satellite Tracing. REMOTE SENSING 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/rs14102436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal concentrations of Cd, As, Pb, Cu, Cr, and Hg were investigated for 86 soil samples in Jinzhou near the Bohai Sea in China, in order to identify what anthropological activities influenced their distribution levels. Ordinary cokriging (OCK) was utilized to map six heavy-metal distributions by incorporating their main environmental influencers. The resultant p values for the six OCK mapping models of 0–2.78% indicated good statistical significance of the models, and the relative mean absolute errors of 4.82–12.53% and relative root mean square errors of 6.23–18.21% indicated allowable predication precision for their concentrations. The contamination distributions by OCK mapping were then graded based on the standards of the China National Environmental Monitoring Center and the Chinese Environmental Protection Administration, which showed that Cu and As contaminations in parts of this area were over the natural level but not polluted, Cr contamination was omnipresent over the natural level in this area and even reached the polluted level in parts of this area. The graded contamination maps that were overlapped with land-use maps and Google satellite maps, as well as the verifications reported in literatures, enabled correlations of the different contamination levels of As, Cu, and Cr with human activities. Resultantly, it indicated that As and Cu contamination over the natural level may be related to agricultural planting and aquacultural activities along the coast of Bohai Bay, with the contaminants transported via watercourses; Cr contamination over the natural level may have been due to vehicle emissions; and, Cr pollution may have been from steel manufacturing and geochemical factories
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Ejaz A, Khan ZI, Ahmad K, Muhammad FG, Akhtar S, Hussain MI. Appraising growth, daily intake, health risk index, and pollution load of Zn in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grown in soil differentially spiked with zinc. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:34685-34700. [PMID: 35040053 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-18130-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Zinc (Zn) is a vital nutrient element required for plants normal growth and development. It performs imperative functions in numerous metabolic pathways in the plants. However, potentially noxious levels of Zn in terrestrial environment can lead to inhibited photosynthesis, growth, respiratory rate and imbalanced mineral nutrition. In micronutrient malnutrition, Zn deficiency is a global human health problem owing to the human dependence on cereals grains especially wheat-based diet. Therefore, this study investigated the Zn uptake efficacy in Triticum aestivum that is grown under two different doses (100 g/kg or 200 g/kg) of various soil amendments in both pot and field experimentation. Results of this study revealed that mean Zn concentration in different wheat varieties and treatments were varied from 1.53 to 6.03 mg/kg, 11.27 to 40.65 mg/kg, 11.28 to 39.93 mg/kg, and 11.32 to 37.70 mg/kg in amended soil, root, shoot, and grains, respectively. All observed Zn values in soil and wheat parts were lower than the FAO/WHO standards. Zinc values observed for pollution load index (0.034-0.134 mg/kg), daily intake (0.00492-0.01533 mg/kg), and health risk (0.0164-0.0570 mg/kg) index were lower than 1 except bio-concentration factor. Bio-concentration factor (5.076-10.165 mg/kg) revealed that DHARABI-11 variety showed maximum Zn uptake efficacy in farmyard manure treatment. The daily intake and health risk index values also showed that Zn level in grains is safe for inhabitants consumption. Overall, study recommended that these organic amendments are a good source of fertilizers, essentially required for the sustainable management of soil and increases the Zn accumulation in wheat grains which can ultimately reduce the Zn malnutrition in human food chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abid Ejaz
- Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Zafar Iqbal Khan
- Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan.
| | - Kafeel Ahmad
- Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | | | - Shahzad Akhtar
- Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Iftikhar Hussain
- Department of Plant Biology & Soil Science, Universidad de Vigo, Campus Lagoas Marcosende, 36310, Vigo, Spain
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50
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Guadie A, Mohammed I, Beshaw T, Tefera M. Analysis and health risk assessments of some trace metals in Ethiopian rice (white and red) and imported rice. Heliyon 2022; 8:e09374. [PMID: 35574199 PMCID: PMC9095737 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the levels of some trace metals (Cr, Cu, Mn, Pb, and Zn) in Ethiopian and imported rice samples were analysed. The rice samples were digested with a mixture of HNO3:HClO4:H2O2 (3:2:1 v/v) at a temperature of 200 °C for 2:30 h. The mean concentrations (mg/kg) of metals in Ethiopian and imported rice samples were found in the range of 4.82-17.04 for Cr, 11.30-18.30 for Cu, 6.04-9.22 for Mn; and 17.15-27.37 for Zn, within FAO/WHO limits. However, Pb was not detected in both rice samples. The Red rice contained higher levels of metals compared with the White rice. The Ethiopian rice recorded higher levels of metals than the imported ones. The estimated daily intake (mg/kg-day) was found to be at a safe level with reference to the maximum tolerable daily intake. Except for Cr, the values of the target hazard quotient (THQ) were also within the safe level in all the samples, posing no potential health risks on consuming rice. The hazard index values (HI) for the metals in Ethiopian rice except Jimma Red were slightly higher than unity, indicating the alert threshold level and potential health risks to rice consumers. Thus, the concentrations of these metals were less than the maximum limits set by FAO/WHO limits and most of THQ and HI values less than unity. Therefore, there was no serious noncarcinogenic risk to human health from exposure to metals through the consumption of these rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atnafu Guadie
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, University of Gondar, P.O. Box 196, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Ibrahim Mohammed
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, University of Gondar, P.O. Box 196, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Tamene Beshaw
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Wolkite University, P.O. Box 07, Ethiopia
| | - Molla Tefera
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, University of Gondar, P.O. Box 196, Gondar, Ethiopia
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